I Want My MTV? Een Onderzoek Naar De Gevolgen Van Het Internet Voor De Werking Van Muziekzenders

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I Want My MTV? Een Onderzoek Naar De Gevolgen Van Het Internet Voor De Werking Van Muziekzenders UNIVERSITEIT GENT FACULTEIT POLITIEKE EN SOCIALE WETENSCHAPPEN I want my MTV? Een onderzoek naar de gevolgen van het internet voor de werking van muziekzenders Wetenschappelijke verhandeling aantal woorden: 23778 Arne De Schepper MASTERPROEF COMMUNICATIEWETENSCHAPPEN afstudeerrichting FILM- EN TELEVISIESTUDIES PROMOTOR: prof. dr. D. Biltereyst COMMISSARIS: lic. F. Adriaens COMMISSARIS: lic. T. Evens ACADEMIEJAAR 2010 - 2011 Inhoudstafel Voorwoord ......................................................................................................................................... 4 Abstract .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Deel 1: Literatuurstudie ...................................................................................................................... 8 1. Situering van muziektelevisie......................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Cruciale technologische ontwikkelingen ......................................................................... 8 1.2 Voorlopers ..................................................................................................................... 10 1.3 Ontstaan en opkomst van MTV ..................................................................................... 13 1.4 Situatie in België ........................................................................................................... 14 2. Taken van muziekzenders ............................................................................................................ 17 2.1 Winst maken .................................................................................................................. 17 2.1.1 Reclame en sponsoring ..................................................................................... 17 2.1.2 Diversificatie en branding ................................................................................ 19 2.1.3 Andere .............................................................................................................. 21 2.2 Het verspreiden van videoclips ..................................................................................... 22 2.3 De gatekeepingfunctie ................................................................................................... 25 2.3.1 Theorieën .......................................................................................................... 25 2.3.2 Een geïntegreerd model .................................................................................... 27 2.3.3 Gatekeeping in de praktijk ................................................................................ 29 3. Internet en de taken van muziekzenders ....................................................................................... 32 3.1 Winst maken via het internet ......................................................................................... 32 3.1.1 Online marketing .............................................................................................. 32 3.1.2 Online marketing en videostreaming ................................................................ 35 3.2 Internet en de verspreiding van videoclips .................................................................... 37 3.3 Internet en de gatekeepingfunctie .................................................................................. 40 3.4 Muziekzenders versus internet? .................................................................................... 42 4. Besluit van de literatuurstudie ...................................................................................................... 46 Deel 2: Empirisch luik ...................................................................................................................... 49 1. Inleiding ....................................................................................................................................... 49 1.1 Probleemstelling en doelstelling.................................................................................... 49 1.2 Onderzoeksvragen ......................................................................................................... 50 1.2.1 Onderzoeksvragen muziekzenders ................................................................... 50 2 1.2.2 Onderzoeksvragen artiesten en platenmaatschappijen ..................................... 52 1.2.3 Onderzoeksvragen muziekbloggers .................................................................. 53 2. Methode ........................................................................................................................................ 54 2.1 Opzet ............................................................................................................................. 54 2.2 Steekproef ...................................................................................................................... 54 2.3 Materiaal ........................................................................................................................ 56 2.4 Procedure ....................................................................................................................... 56 3. Resultaten van de bevraging van muziekzenders ......................................................................... 57 3.1 Inkomstenbronnen ......................................................................................................... 57 3.2 De promotionele rol....................................................................................................... 58 3.3 De gatekeepingfunctie ................................................................................................... 59 3.4 Internet als bedreiging ................................................................................................... 61 3.5 Internet als bondgenoot ................................................................................................. 62 3.6 Toekomstbeeld .............................................................................................................. 63 4. Resultaten van de bevraging van artiesten en platenmaatschappijen ........................................... 65 4.1 De promotionele rol van muziekzenders ....................................................................... 65 4.2 Gatekeeping ................................................................................................................... 66 4.3 Internet als bedreiging voor artiesten, platenmaatschappijen en muziekzenders .......... 67 4.4 Internet als bondgenoot van artiesten en platenmaatschappijen .................................... 68 4.5 Toekomstbeeld muziekzenders ..................................................................................... 69 5. Resultaten van de bevraging van muziekbloggers ....................................................................... 71 5.1 Gatekeepingfunctie ........................................................................................................ 71 5.2 Muziekbloggers als bedreiging voor muziekzenders .................................................... 72 5.3 Muziekbloggers als bondgenoot van muziekzenders .................................................... 72 5.4 Toekomstbeeld .............................................................................................................. 73 6. Besluit van het empirisch onderzoek ............................................................................................ 75 Bibliografie ....................................................................................................................................... 78 Bijlagen ............................................................................................................................................ 85 Bijlage 1: Topiclijst diepte-interviews muziekzenders ....................................................... 86 Bijlage 2: Topiclijst diepte-interviews artiesten en platenmaatschappijen ......................... 87 Bijlage 3: Topiclijst diepte-interviews muziekbloggers ...................................................... 88 Bijlage 4: Transcripties diepte-interviews ........................................................................... 89 3 Voorwoord Bij het begin van deze masterproef, geschreven onder het motto ‘labore et constantia’, wil ik mijn dank betuigen aan professor dr. D. Biltereyst onder wiens leiding dit werk tot stand is gekomen. Tevens dank ik assistent T. Evens, de respondenten van de interviews en al diegenen die mij daadwerkelijk geholpen hebben. 4 Abstract In deze masterproef gaan we na welke de gevolgen zijn van het internet voor de werking van muziekzenders. In een eerste deel onderzoeken we daarom aan de hand van een literatuurstudie of de belangrijkste functies van muziekzenders door het internet kunnen worden ingevuld. De conclusies van dit deel zijn dat zowel het maken van winst, het verspreiden van videoclips als de gatekeepingfunctie ook door het internet kunnen worden ingevuld, dat er aan deze online equivalenten steeds zowel positieve als negatieve aspecten verbonden zijn en dat er in de literatuur geen overeenstemming is omtrent de gevolgen van dit alles voor muziekzenders. In een tweede deel
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