PIPIZELLA 2.a. Eyes meet over a considerable dis- tance. › 3 2.b. Eyes narrowly separated or just Introduction touching in a single point; 3rd antennal segment little longer than wide. Pipizella swiftly through the vegeta- Sweden, Finland, Pyrenees, Northwest tion in all kinds of habitats. Of the two Spain. › Pipizella brevis Lucas common species in Northwest Europe, P. Note: the northern populations may be named viduata is found in a range of situations, Pipizella certa Violovitsh, but the differences are from damp forest edges to hot chalk unclear. grasslands. P. virens, another relatively common species, is a thermophilous species that occurs on grasslands and at forest edges. 592. surstylus Recognition Among the small, blackish without a clear facial knob and mouth edge, Pipizella can be recognized by its epandrium brownish tint and the dominance of golden hairs on the thorax and legs. The third antennal segment is elongated, sim- ilar to Heringia sensu stricto and dissimilar to Heringia subgenus Neocne modon and Pipiza. Females cannot be identified for most epandrium arms species. Males can be identified by their 593. genitalia. The key is based on Verlinden (1991, 1999).

Key 1.a. Males › 2 1.b. Females › not treated, only females of P. virens and P. viduata can be separated.

594.

figure 592. Pipizella annulata, genitalia of ab male. figure 593. Pipizella divicoi, genitalia of male. figure 591. Pipizella pennina, genitalia of figure 594. Pipizella zeneggenensis, genitalia male (Verlinden). of male (Verlinden).

169 3.a. Sternite 3 flat; wing clear or with 5.a. Genitalia: surstylus without rounded weak median cloud › 4 appendage at base, always black › 6 3.b. Sternite 3 with a transverse elevation, 5.b. Genitalia: surstylus with the basal 1/2 very convex; wing usually with a well- broad, surpassing the epandrium arms, developed median cloud; antennae: 3rd semicircular, exteriorly with a rounded segment quite elongate; hypopygium appendage set at an angle (figure 592); black-haired. 6-8 mm. Central and surstylus often light brown or yellow, Southern Europe, Turkey › Pipizella more or less translucent. 6-7 mm. maculipennis Meigen Europe, Turkey › Pipizella annulata Macquart 4.a. Sternite 4 flat or the hind margin Jizz: rather stout, fore and mid tibia and metatars with a broad rounded elevation under more extensively and brighter yellow than other which the genitalia are normally tucked Pipizella, sharply contrasting with the black top in › 5 segments of tarsi. 4.b. Sternite 4 with 2 lateral elevations; genital capsule voluminous; genitalia: 6.a. Genitalia: epandrium arms not flat- epandrium large, in lateral view round- tened and widened, not strongly bent ed posteriorly; epandrium arms broad, forwards; surstyli as wide as epandrium triangularly broadened in the middle arms › 7 (figure 591); hypopygium black-haired. 6.b. Genitalia: epandrium very large, 6-7 mm. Central Europe › Pipizella epandrium arms flattened and widened, pennina Goeldlin strongly bent forwards; surstylus very small, much narrower than epandrium arms (figure 593); genital capsule volu- minous and therefore sternite 4 narrow. 6-7 mm. Central and Southern Europe, 595. in Asia to Pacific coast › Pipizella divi- coi Goeldlin Jizz: sternite 3 narrow: more than 3 times as wide as its median length.

7.a. Tergites 2-4 black-haired on disk, par- ticularly near fore and hind margins; genital capsule not so conspicuously small; surstyli shorter than epandrium › 8

596. 597. 598.

figure 595. , genitalia of male. figure 597. Pipizella viduata, tibia 3 of female. figure 596. , genitalia of male figure 598. Pipizella virens, tibia 3 of female (Verlinden). (Verlinden).

170