Scientific Report of the Science and Public Programs Branch 2009 – 2010

Inspiring the appreciation and conservation of through exciting, innovative and relevant research www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/publications Access Directory

Science and Public Programs Branch Botanic Gardens Trust Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney NSW 2000 Tel (02) 9231 8111 Fax (02) 9241 3892 Gardens Offices hours: 8.30 am to 5 pm, Monday to Friday

Mount Annan Botanic Garden Mount Annan Drive, Mount Annan NSW 2567 Tel (02) 4648 2477 Fax (02) 4648 2465 The Garden is open all year except Christmas Day. 10 am-4 pm, April to September; 10 am-6 pm, October to March.

Mount Tomah Botanic Garden Bells Line of Road via Bilpin NSW 2758 Tel (02) 4567 2154 Fax (02) 4567 2037 The Garden is open all year except Christmas Day. 10 am-4 pm, March to September; 10 am-6 pm, October to February.

National Herbarium of NSW Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney NSW 2000 Tel (02) 9231 8111 Fax (02) 9241 3892

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Copyright: Botanic Gardens Trust, Sydney 2010 Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney NSW 2000 The Botanic Gardens Trust is part of the Department of Environment and Climate Change and Water (NSW)

Copies of this report can be found on the Trust website: www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au

Advice: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander readers are advised that this publication may contain images of people who have died

Annual report - Scientific Report of the Science and Public Programs Branch, 2009-2010: Compiled and formatted by Sheryl Saban Edited by Brett Summerell

Cover photograph: Eucalyptus flowers; from the Ravensthorpe-Hopetoun Rd in SW Western Australia Photograph by: Elizabeth Brown Contents

Part 1: Introduction 3

Part 2: Diversity Section 11

Part 3: Evolutionary Ecology Section 27

Part 4: Horticultural Research Section 37

Part 5: Plant Pathology and Mycology Section 41

Part 6: Collection Section 45

Centre for Plant Conservation 56

Part 7: Appendices

A Staff List, Volunteers & Students 59 B Honorary Research Associates 66 C Representation on external committees 68 D Research grants 71 E Overseas Travel 73 F Cooperative research 75 G Publications 80 H Performance Indicators 86

Plant Science Page 1

Plant Science Page 2

INTRODUCTION

Girl's day out at anemonifolius Photo: Peter Weston

2010

Plant Science Page 4 Part 1: Introduction

Our Environment

The Science Program of the Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust is:

• Obligated first and foremost to the Trust through the relevant Acts and corporate

planning.

• Funded primarily by the State Government of NSW and its programs must

contribute to that government’s policies and goals.

• Obligated under all treaties and strategies to which the State and Federal

governments are signatories (e.g. NSW Biodiversity Strategy, National Strategy

for the Conservation of Australia’s Biological Diversity, Convention for Biological

Diversity).

• The oldest and one of the most highly respected scientific units in Australia.

(Science in Australia began at the Trust and has always been a strong focus for

the discovery, documentation and study of Australian plants).

• Recognised and valued internationally, nationally and within the State for its

science programs (with different programs relevant at different levels).

• A critical component for the Trust is to remain one of the worlds leading botanic

gardens.

• Accepted as a leading organisation in the conservation and management of

NSW’s plant biodiversity.

• Part of a national and international collection of herbaria and botanic gardens

(and other organisations) contributing to the understanding, appreciation and

conservation of Australia’s flora.

Plant Science Page 5 Vision for Science at the Botanic Gardens Trust

The Botanic Gardens Trust will have exciting, innovative and relevant scientific research programs. It will be recognised throughout , Australia and the world as making a major contribution to the discovery and conservation of biodiversity. It will work with the horticultural industry and botanic gardens in plant development and disease diagnosis. Research results and biodiversity data will be communicated using the best available means. The Trust will work in partnership with government agencies, universities, botanic gardens and herbaria to achieve these aims.

All scientific programs will be widely recognised within New South Wales as important and appropriate, with no reduction in the Gardens’ international reputation for high quality, progressive science.

Objectives for Science at the Botanic Gardens Trust

• To undertake original research on the plants of New South Wales and

neighbouring areas.

• To effectively disseminate the results of research through publications, products

and services.

• To play a leading role in the conservation of biodiversity in New South Wales and

neighbouring areas.

• To be the primary source of plant diversity information in New South Wales.

• To lead and contribute to the understanding and appreciation of plant diversity.

• To assist in the sustainable management of the botanic gardens and the

horticultural industry.

• To contribute to the development of State, national and international policies and

legislation.

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Priority-setting Criteria

All new programs and projects must be evaluated against the following criteria. Some criteria are deliberately open to interpretation and should be used as a starting point for discussion about a particular program/project. The geographical focus for any program will usually be New South Wales or ‘neighbouring’ region (in a scientific, geographic or economic-political sense).

The program or project should:

1. Be consistent with the implicit and explicit directions and policies of the State

Government of New South Wales

2. Be of scientific merit: i.e. methodologically sound and scientific in approach.

The research should ‘change the way we do or think about things’

3. Contribute to a sense of wonder and excitement about plants and their

biology

4. Be innovative and/or use the best available methodology

5. Result in better conservation and management of biodiversity

6. Provide a service or knowledge not readily available elsewhere (may be part

of a coordinated interagency program)

7. Make best use of our resources, including people, facilities, and preserved

and living collections

8. Contribute to, complement, or initiate other programs in the Trust

9. Effectively communicate outcomes to the appropriate audience

10. Raise or maintain the profile of the Trust

11. Preferably attract external funding or result in income to the Trust

12. If consistent with the above criteria, be targeted to meet the greatest needs of

the identified stakeholders.

Plant Science Page 7

Science Promotion

The Trust’s sciences program continued to receive excellent media coverage and staff publicised their work in print, radio and television wherever the opportunities arose.

Other publications and presentations for general audiences are included in the detailed reports for each section, and in the reference list at the end.

Teaching

The number of Honours and higher degree students supervised was 36 this year.

Apart from the involvement in the biosystematics course at the University of New

England (see below) staff also delivered guest lectures at various universities, sometimes presenting blocks of key lectures (e.g. Dr Cathy Offord and Dr Edward

Liew at The University of Sydney) Various staff members have adjunct appointments at a number of universities.

Plant Science Internship Program

There was no intern program in 2010 due to the absence of a Manager Collections.

As this position has now filled by Dr Dale Dixon, formerly of the Northern Teritory

Herbarium in Darwin, we are looking forward to running our Internship program again in early 2011. This program offers undergraduates and recent graduates in the plant sciences advanced full-time working experience, with training in a broad suite of science and workforce skills. In return the Interns assist staff, particularly in the

Herbarium curation area, yielding a significant nett gain for us. The program helps with BGT profile on university and TAFE campuses, and yields some media opportunities.

Plant Science Page 8 The Friends of the Gardens provide crucial financial support for the program. The number of interns in 2011 will be slightly reduced to eight, as this is a more manageable and sustainable number. Once again, we hope to attract students from a broad range of educational institutions.

Biosystematics course

The Trust continued its strong involvement in a Biosystematics units for tertiary students run in conjunction with the University of New England and the Australian

Museum. It has been decided to continue to run the course-specific unit every year, which staff helped to teach and to run this year. The 5-day residential school was held at the Botanic Gardens Trust, Sydney in April 2010.

Honorary research associates and volunteers

The Honorary Research Associates continued to be major contributors to our research program and their key research achievements are included within the relevant programs below.

Our volunteers continued to play an important role in the herbarium, particularly in the mounting room program, where they painstakingly care for and mount the plant specimens of the herbarium collections. The herbarium could not function without their important contribution. Volunteer contributions in the library and various scientific programs have also been enormously beneficial. This year we had four of our volunteers retire – two, Dawn Bunce and Ruth Toop after 20 years association with NSW Herbarium. Sadly, two of our long serving volunteers have passed away –

Mike Isbell (12 years) and ShelaghTrengove (15 years) – they are sorely missed.

Plant Science Page 9

some of our valued Mounting Room volunteers.

Shelagh Trengove Mike Isbell Photos: Jude Wright

Scientific Committee of the Trust

The external members of the committee are Professor Lesley Hughes, Chair

(Macquarie University); Dr Robyn McConchie (University of Sydney); Associate

Professor Jeremy Bruhl (University of New England), Dr Dan Faith (Australian

Museum), Dr Klaus Koop (Scientific Services Division, Department of Environment and Climate Change) and Associate Professor Murray Henwood (University of

Sydney).

The committee met three times during 2009/10, usually coinciding with the Trust meetings. Through the provision of general advice and feedback, and the review of scientific projects and programs, the committee continued to have a critical role in the management of the Science Program.

Plant Science Page 10

PLANT DIVERSITY

Styphelia tenuifolia Mount Observation Photo: Elizabeth Brown

2010

Plant Science Page 12 Dr Surrey Wilfrid Laurence Jacobs 1946 – 2009

On 26 November 2009, Surrey Jacobs lost public sphere, he was his battle with cancer. He had been on sick awarded a Public Service leave since being diagnosed in late 2008 Medal for his contribution Photo: Jaime Plaza but managed to continue his research to a to systematic botany in remarkable extent during that period. He completed and Australia. Internationally, submitted several manuscripts on grasses, waterplants he was the third recipient and chenopods in collaboration with colleagues in of the T. Wayne Miller Australia and overseas. As well, he arranged for relevant Distinguished Service materials for a wide range of uncompleted projects in these Award from the groups to be sent to his collaborators for them to finish. international Aquatic Plant Management Society for Surrey was an outstanding Australian botanist, well-known his great contribution to in botanical circles around the world for his research on the of aquatic grasses, chenopods and waterplants. Locally, he was also plants and he was well-respected by those involved in understanding and inducted into the Hall of managing plants in wetlands and grasslands. Fame of the International He was one of the Botanic Gardens' most productive botanists, resulting in his promotion to Senior Principal Research Scientist in 2008 – the most senior research scientist rank in the NSW Public Service. In his career of nearly forty years, he authored over 120 scientific publications, often in collaboration with colleagues here and overseas, and these form a major contribution to our knowledge of the world's plant diversity. He named over 80 previously unnamed Australian plant genera and species. He was very conscious of the need to make research results available to the wider Surrey Jacobs and Jason Sonneman monitoring community. So, for example, he often advised waterplants in the Snowy River, 1997. on wetland plant management, and provided Photo: Geoff Sainty forensic advice on plants connected with Waterlily and Water police investigations. He was author or co-author of over Gardening Society. 60 extension-oriented publications, including a range of semi-popular books such as Waterplants of New South An obituary was published Wales, Waterplants in Australia, Grasses of NSW, in the Australian Australian Agricultural Botany and Burnum Burnum's Wild Systematic Botany Society Things. Many of these were written with Geoff Sainty, Newsletter no. 143: 5–10 another local waterplant expert and another excellent (available online at photographer of plants. http://www.anbg.gov.au/as bs/newsletter.html) and in Surrey was extremely organised in his work, and both the Sydney Morning practical and knowledgeable. He had an enquiring mind Herald of 12 Jan 2010. and a good memory, and he was thorough – all good traits for anyone, but particularly important for a systematics botanist. Karen Wilson – friend and colleague He has a permanent memorial in his botanical publications and in the plant species named by him and after him. Several more names will be published soon in a special issue of our journal Telopea dedicated to him. In the more

Plant Science Page 13 Urticaceae of Malaysia A project funded by Friends of the Botanic Gardens Science Scholarship and Singapore Botanic Gardens Research Fellowship

The primary focus of this study was to prepare draft temperate regions, with a accounts of the Utricaceae for the “Flora of Peninsular major centre of diversity in Malaysia” and “Tree flora of Sabah and Sarawak” projects. tropical Asia. Although it Both of these research projects are initiatives of the Forest consists of genera of Research Institute Malaysia, (Kepong, Malaysia). stinging trees, and nettles, contrary to popular belief, most genera and species of this family are not stinging. Unfortunately, the taxonomy of the Urticaceae is generally poorly understood with difficulties in both generic and specific concepts. Unlike most flowering plants, there are relatively few morphological features that can be used to define species limits. In particular, the highly reduced flowers afford very few useful characters for taxonomy, with the Pilea nummularifolia – a commonly cultivated herb (Singapore Botanic origin of some floral Gardens) Photo: Barry Conn features unclear. This lack Introduction: The Urticaceae, commonly known as the of knowledge still remains Stinging Nettle family, is a medium-sized family of about a major impediment to the 1,000 species, consisting of herbs, and small trees. It completion of flora is widely distributed throughout the world, from the tropics to accounts of this family that can be used by natural resource management agencies. The completion of these Malaysian flora accounts represents the first steps in completing an account for the larger ‘Flora Malesiana’ project that also includes The Philippines, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. During June and July 2009, the first phase of a project to document the genera and species of the Urticaceae that occur in Malaysia was initiated. This included analysis of Laportea perrieri – a stinging subshrub cultivated at the Singapore Botanic Gardens Photo: Barry Conn the herbarium collections

Plant Science Page 14 at the Singapore Botanic Gardens (SING), at Herbarium Bogoriense (BO) and the herbarium of Kebun Raya Bogor (KRB) (both the latter from Indonesia). This material was supplemented by an examination of living plants cultivated at Singapore Botanic Gardens and Kebun Raya Bogor.

Describing type material of Elatostema, Herbarium of Singapore Botanic Gardens Photo: J T Hadiah

Outcome: The preparation of a draft account of the Urticaceae occurring in Malaysia has been extremely successful with 17 genera (an increase of 6 genera), and with twice as many species recognised (60 species – including infraspecific taxa, compared to 30 recognised previously1). Material of three additional species of Elatostema was not found, so the presence of these species has not been verified. Recent studies support the inclusion of the Cecropiaceae within the former family (Hadiah et al., 2008, in press2) resulting in species of Poikilospermum and Cecropia being included within the Urticaceae.

Dr Barry Conn – Principal Research Scientist, and Dr Julisasi Hadiah – Kebun Raya Bogor, Indonesia

1 Turner, I.M. (1995). A catalogue of the vascular plants of Malaya. The Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 491–493 2 Hadiah, J.T., Conn, B.J. & Quinn, C.J. (2008). Infra-familial phylogeny of Urticaceae using chloroplast sequence data. Australian Systematic Botany 21: 375-385. 3 Hadiah, J.T. &, Conn, B.J. (2010). Lectotypification of Elatostema subscabrum H.Schroet. (Urticaceae). Garden’s Bulletin Singapore 62: 49-57.

Plant Science Page 15 Cyperaceae

The family Cyperaceae is a big cosmopolitan family of 90 in the genus using genera and 4000 species worldwide, with 50 genera and molecular, morphological, 650 species (many endemic) in Australia. They are developmental and commonly called ‘sedges’. anatomical methods. Mr Russell Barrett (Kings One of the bigger genera is Schoenus, with about 120 Park and Botanic Garden, species. A few species are spread widely around the Perth) is also contributing world, but the greatest diversity by far is in Australia molecular data. Research (about 80 species), particularly in the heathlands of the confirms that there are southwest and southeast of the continent. However, the several major clades in genus has species all over Australia, in habitats ranging what has been known as from tropical to arid and alpine. There is a secondary Schoenus. Several area of diversity in Malesia (13 species, mostly in higher species complexes are altitude areas). being investigated this year.

The tiny Schoenus calcatus K.L.Wilson (to the right of the trowel) grows as cushions in tall heathlands in inland SW Western Australia.

This study fits within a broader project, involving also cyperologists in South Africa and England, An alpine Schoenus species is among the many sedges that grow on the examining the phylogeny slopes near Lake Cootapatamba, Kosciuszko National Park. of the tribe Schoeneae, which is mainly Karen Wilson has had a long-standing interest in the Gondwanan in distribution genus and has described several new species, including but with some taxa one in the Blue Mountains, Schoenus evansianus, which extending to northern she named after Mr Obed Evans who had a long career regions. in Botany at the University of Sydney and subsequently was honorary curator of Cyperaceae and other monocots at the National Herbarium of NSW. She did a preliminary survey in the 1990s, funded by Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS), establishing the value of anatomical characters in distinguishing taxa. Karen Wilson – Senior Research Scientist Assoc Prof Jeremy Bruhl from University of New England

(UNE), Mrs Wilson, an ABRS-funded postdoctoral fellow, Dr Adele Gibbs, and a PhD student at UNE, Mr Paul Mutuku Musili, are examining generic and specific limits

Plant Science Page 16

Eugenia in the Asia-Pacific

Studies in the genus Eugenia (Myrtaceae) in the Together with Dr Neil Snow Asia-Pacific region of the Bishop Museum in Eugenia is probably the second largest genus of Hawai’i, I am in the process Myrtaceae, with an estimated 1050 species worldwide. It of publishing a name for a is predominantly South American in distribution, although new species of Eugenia there are significant numbers of species in other places. from Papua New Guinea. In the Africa–Indian Ocean area, there are c. 93 species in continental Africa, c. 60 in Madagascar, and c. 21 in the Mascarenes. In the Asia-Pacific there are c. 17 species in Sri Lanka, c. 56 in New Caledonia, 9 in the Philippines and 4 in other areas, one of which occurs in Australia, the widespread E. reinwardtiana.

Part of herbarium specimen of Eugenia sp. nov. showing (photo: N. Snow)

We are also seeking funding for a more detailed study of Eugenia reinwardtiana (photo: Wikipedia) the genus in the Indo-Pacific region. The proposed study

will involve a team who will For the Asia-Pacific region, most species lack detailed collect new specimens from descriptions that are less than 20 or 30 years old and few across the various regions. have been studied in any detail. I recently published a These will be used to help review of the Philippine species that updated the names build a data matrix that will of the known species. However, that study only served to assist reassessment of the highlight the fact that the Philippine species are mostly genus for regional Floras. still poorly known and the information that is available is Samples for DNA extraction often deficient in some way. Three of the nine species will be collected at the same are represented only by the original (Type) collection and time and the sequences will a further three are known from fewer than five be analysed to determine collections. With one exception, the original collections relationships across the of the native species were collected before the World geographical range of the War II and, in all those cases, the primary collections genus. were lost when the Manila herbarium was destroyed Dr Peter Wilson – Senior Research during the battle for Manila in February 1945. Scientist Fortunately, there are duplicates of almost all of them in other herbaria.

Plant Science Page 17

I have been conducting molecular and morphological research on the phylogeny of the over the past 23 years and several projects within this research program have been coming to fruition in recent years. The most recent of these to be completed is a phylogenetic analysis of Hakea, an Australian genus of 150 species that is composed of trees and shrubs that mostly occupy dry, open, fire-prone environments. With the closely related genus (363 spp.), Hakea forms a large lineage Hakea pachyphylla that reaches its greatest diversity in the Photo: Lotte von Richter

pollination, and its age implies that Hakea was coincident with its primary bird pollinators (honeyeaters) throughout its history. This does not contradict the hypothesis that bird pollination of Hakea arose from an insect-pollinated ancestor but it does imply that the event might have occurred earlier than the diversification of the crown group of Hakea.

Hakea laevipes – The large woody fruits distinguishes Hakea from Grevillea Photo: Andrew Orme Dr Peter Weston - Senior Principal Research Scientist Southwest Australian Floristic Region, a global biotic hot spot. An international team of collaborators including Dr Weston, Dr Austin Mast (Florida State University, Tallahassee), and Dr Bill Barker and Ms Robyn Barker (both State Herbarium of South Australia) inferred a phylogeny for Hakea with 46 morphological characters and sequences from 4 regions of chloroplast DNA (matK gene, atpB gene, ndhF gene and rpl16 intron) and 3 regions of nuclear DNA (PHYA gene and waxy loci 1 and 2) from a sample of 55 species. In the inferred phylogeny, Hakea was strongly corroborated as monophyletic, with a basal split into a smaller clade with primitively broad leaves and a larger clade with primitively terete leaves. In a relaxed clock molecular dating analysis, Hakea turned out to be surprisingly young: the mean inferred age for the crown group is only 10 million years, younger than the known age of the Nullarbor disjunction between pockets of mesic vegetation in south eastern and south western Australia. The inferred phylogeny implies that bird-pollination is primitive in Hakea, with multiple shifts to insect-

Plant Science Page 18 Ericaceae

The subsuming of the substantially Australian family Epacridaceae into the large cosmopolitan family Ericaceae in 2002 caused some consternation in Australia. Prof. Darren Crayn, at the time a PhD student (and subsequently a botanist at the Gardens before becoming director of the Australian Tropical Herbarium in Cairns), was part of the molecular work that made this change logical and essential.

Due to nomenclatural priority nothing of Robert Brown’s Fig 3 A. epacridum, a widespread and name could be retained and the Epacridaceae became the extremely variable species (South- western Highway near Perth) subfamily Styphelioideae. Working with several Sorting out the placement of the epacrids still left a lot of different molecular regions work to do at many other levels. A series of students Caroline is beginning to followed Darren in Dr Chris Quinn’s university laboratory, unravel the complexities working on molecular and morphological data for tribes between eastern and within the subfamily. After retirement Dr Quinn became an western Styphelia species Honorary Research Associate at the Botanic Gardens Trust and the multitude of taxa that and has maintained an interest in the group. Slowly, have been lumped in to problem after problem has been dealt with until only the Leucopogon and Astroloma, most intractable have been left. e.g. Astroloma stomarrhena and A. epacridum (Figs 2 & 3). The latter two species have been recognised as belonging to separate genera for some time (Annette Wilson, pers. comm.; ABRS, Canberra) but the distance between them is now being quantified. Many more subtle relationships are also being revealed and the result may be the description of a number of new genera.

Caroline Puente Leliévre, gps in hand, noting down field information for a species of Leucopogon In 2008/09 Darren and Elizabeth Brown were successful in obtaining Australian Biological Resources Survey funding for a PhD student to work on a revision of generic limits within the Astroloma–Styphelia clade. A student was a little harder to find but Caroline Puente Lelièvre agreed to take on the group and she enrolled at James Cook University in Cairns. The subsequent work has been done in close association with Mike Hislop of the Western Australian Herbarium and this year culminated in a month’s fieldwork in that State.

This proved an excellent opportunity for Caroline to obtain material for molecular work, but perhaps more importantly to Fig 2 Astroloma stomarrhena from see the plants in the field and appreciate some of the subtle Badgingarra National Park differences that separate different species. Dr Elizabeth Brown – Botanist All photos: E Brown

Plant Science Page 19 New Australasian subfamilies in the Restionaceae

Dr Barbara Briggs and Professor Peter Linder of the family since 1836 it may University of Zurich, Switzerland, have published a new be reduced to a subfamily classification of the subfamilies and tribes of the family within Restionaceae. Restionaceae. This results from extensive study of the Restionaceae include morphology and anatomy of these Southern Hemisphere species of seasonally wet plants, together with strong support from analyses of habitats and other species chloroplast genome DNA data by Dr Adam Marchant. in semi-arid regions. All occur in areas of low soil fertility, with the majority of the Australian species in the south of Western Australia. Most are dioecious, with separate male and female plants, and they are wind- pollinated, with small flowers. Adam is continuing to develop more comprehensive DNA data for Australian species while Barbara is investigating species distinctions in several genera.

Flowering heads of Leptocarpus, type genus of the new subfamily Leptocarpoideae. Photo Andrew Perkins

Three subfamilies are recognised, two of them – Leptocarpoideae and Sporadanthoideae – being mainly Female plant of Leptocarpus tenax Australian, while the third one – Restionoideae – is from Photo: Andrew Perkins southern Africa.

Africa has the largest representation of species in the Dr Barbara Briggs - Honorary family but the diversity of the Australian members, Research Associate, and together with the presence here of the related group Dr Adam Marchant - Senior Technical Officer Anarthriaceae, and also the Centrolepidaceae, suggest an Australian origin for the family. Other DNA studies by Marchant and Briggs suggest indeed that, although the Centrolepidaceae has been recognised as a separate

Plant Science Page 20 Marine Algae

Dr Alan Millar, Principal Research Scientist and morphological species Phycologist, is collaborating with Professor Hiroshi Kawai identification. Dr Millar from the Kobe University Research Centre for Inland and Prof. Kawai are Seas, on the widely distributed marine brown algal genus collecting specimens from Padina. In this day of molecular sequencing and DNA the respective type localities of species of Padina from eastern Australia and the Pacific coast of Japan. In doing so, they have been able to demonstrate that what was a tally of some 6 species appears to represent 8 species based on anatomical characters and molecular sequences. A PhD student (Ni Ni Win) who began her studies in New Zealand, has driven the project to fruition.

Research by Yola Metti, Dr Millar’s PhD student, on a major taxonomic revision of the red algal group known as the Laurencia A specimen of the brown algal genus – Padina Photo: Dr Ni Ni Win complex, is nearing

completion. The work fingerprinting of plants and animals, many taxonomic included collections from projects fail to follow the basic type method principle the NSW mainland, Lord whereby a molecular sequence of a species is only of Howe and Norfolk Islands. use if the specimens in question have been collected Specimens collected from Taiwan, Japan and the Mediterranean, have also been included in this research that uses the genes rbcL and cox1. It looks as if the complex now consists of 4 distinct genera with a new genus (Norfophycus) being described.

Dr Alan Miller – getting ‘out of his office’ Photo: Dr Buz Wilson Dr Alan Millar – Principal Research from the type locality of the species and is compared with Scientist and Yola Metti – PhD holotype vouchers to be absolutely certain of a correct candidate

Plant Science Page 21 Molecular Laboratory National Herbarium of NSW

The Laboratory supports researchers working in the • Autoclave replaced fields of Plant Diversity research and Evolutionary April 2010 - new Ecology research, primarily for phylogenetic and features include cycle population studies. The molecular data is obtained using selection and automatic DNA sequencing and molecular marker techniques. depressurisation to Safety complete the run. • Microplate centrifuge • New documents for laboratory operations: the new to lab – for laboratory safety plan for OH&S - Molecular spinning down samples Laboratory and the Chemical Waste Disposal after PCR and storage Protocol. Only personnel inducted into the safety and sequencing aspects of the laboratory are permitted to use the cleanup. laboratory. • Factor 5 cap for • Two new types of pipettes were purchased to reduce Nanophotometer - so the potential for a repetitive strain injury when moving that samples with very samples between tubes and microplates and for low concentration of flexibility in volume selection. DNA can be detected • Replacement metal ‘one step’ step ladders replaced by the machine. the old cracked plastic type. • Upright freezer Student projects completed replaced. • Yola Metti (PhD, UNSW) on the morphology and • Silica gel drying oven molecular phylogeny of the red algal genus Laurencia replaced. (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta). • 2 x 1000µL pipettes - to • Matt Renner (PhD, USYD) on the relationships of the complete the size range Austral family Lepidoziaceae. in pipette sets. • Katie Thurlby (B.Sc. Hons., UNSW) on the • Preventative reproductive biology of the Magenta Lilly Pilly maintenance - all 2µl (Syzygium paniculatum) and its implications for and 10µl pipettes were conservation. serviced and calibrated. Communication & Training • Retreat 27-29th July 2009 Pearl Beach. Staff and students (including external students) associated with the Evolutionary Ecology group gave presentations and discussed their research work. • Herbarium Open Day August 23rd 2009 included tours of the laboratory. Staff gave a general introduction to DNA with demonstrations, and talked about the results of research work. Equipment • Sequencher software upgrade and new Geneious software for editing DNA sequences. • Gel documentation system replaced April 2010 – for digital recording of gel electrophoresis results.

Gel documentation system Photo: C Connelly

Plant Science Page 22 Major works • September 2009 saw the third occurrence of the underfloor leak (the first was in 2005), requiring deconstruction of part of the laboratory. The piping was rerouted above ground under the window outside the lab, returning inside the building to the Plant Room. Thanks go to BGT trades staff for their excellent work.

New piping outside the Molecular Laboratory Photo: Carolyn Connelly

• May 2010 electrical upgrade - the electrical switchboard for level 1 was upgraded to separate the circuits and to provide for extra demands in the future. Previously if there was an electrical fault anywhere on level 1 all power was cut, which was a problem for maintaining freezers and continued operation of PCR machines. Laboratory Personnel Three babies and a wedding - what a year!

Carolyn Connelly – Technical Officer

Plant Science Page 23 PlantNET

Wayne Cherry, our Plant Information Network Officer, has been working on a major project in the last year to migrate the gardens node of the Australian Virtual Herbarium (AVH) website to a software package called BioCASE. He attended a workshop about the software which was sponsored by the Atlas of Living Australia and held at the Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne in February. A BioCASE specialist, Jorg Holetschek, was brought out from Berlin Botanic Gardens to run the workshop. Following this Jorg came to Sydney for a week to help Wayne configure and link the new software to the gardens database system. Subsequently he has spent considerable time ensuring our data adheres to AVH standards before switching live to the new software. Wayne has also worked to enhance various parts of PlantNET, most notable being the addition of an Above is an example of the specimen images available on interactive ‘Glossary of Botanical Terms’ to the NSW PlantNET. This is a specimen of FloraOnline service. collected in 1881 from the Blue Mountains.

Telopea speciosissima Photo: Jaime Plaza Louisa Murray our Flora Botanist has been updating the database with new records, consisting mainly of extensions of range of species, and daily corrections to all data alerted through the public email system on PlantNET. Almost completed is the updating of new species in the family Poaceae with the plant keys in alliance with the publication: Grasses of New South Wales, S.W.L. Jacobs, R.D.Whalley, D.J.B. Wheeler, 4th Edition. 2008. The University of New England. She is currently working on a new construction and look for PlantNET.

Louisa Murray – Flora Botanist

Plant Science Page 24 Botanical Information Service (BIS)

The Identification Counter in the Herbarium was visited Ena Middleton (our by 291 people for plant identifications and botanical Volunteer) and Barbara advice. Phone calls to the counter are well in excess of Wiecek added about 140 750. Revenue was slightly down at $20,103 Mail collections to the PRC enquiries were down slightly (899) and email enquiries during the year, the largest up (1205) indicative of a trend towards electronic media single increase for some by the general public, commercial and government years. enquirers. Interesting collections: PlantNET and Flora Online continue to complement the Andrew Orme collected Hibbertia service as well as providing another source of feedback puberula – an endangered species not seen for 60 years from the botanically minded public. The Flora Botanist Bob Coveny collected tricolor now processes corrections to the Flora speedily and can - a vulnerable species update new records and range extensions from our urgent processing within a month of receipt. BIS staff undertook two field trips under the auspices of “Bush Blitz” financed by Australian Biological Resources Study. The first of these in early summer after a prolonged drought provided significant challenges to Andrew Orme (expedition leader), Seanna McCune and

Barbara Wiecek collected Capparis loranthifolia (above - 2 specimens, an endangered species) Important new collections: Barleria repens (new weed record for NSW & Australia) Oldenlandia corymbosa (2nd record for state) Sesbania bispinosa (new record for state) Ardisia elliptica (new weed record for NSW) Genista tinctoria var. ovata (new weed record for NSW) Polypogon chilensis (2nd record for Seanna McCune collecting Zygophyllum eramaeum in very dry and dusty Australia) conditions Photo: Andrew Orme Mahonia lomarifolia (new weed Barbara Wiecek: These included finding something record for NSW) green to collect that the drought and or goats had not Calocedrus macrolepis (Cultivated Mt Tomah – first herbarium material eliminated, long distance travel and coping with for herbarium) temperatures in mid 40s for days on end. Nevertheless Extensions of range and uncommon 149 specimens were collected of which 25 were needed collections 50. Rare and Threatened for the Public Reference Collection (PRC). All specimens plants 76 collected were photographed by Andrew Orme and these pictures will make their way to EMu and Flora Online where they are much needed. The second field trip by Barbara Wiecek to Mt Grenfell Historic Site and Ginghet Nature Reserve by contrast was conducted after good rains and with a more temperate climate (mid autumn). 114 specimens were collected in five days with 16 additions to the PRC. Barbara Wiecek – Botanist

Plant Science Page 25

Plant Science Page 26

EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY

Araucaria araucana near Pucon, Chile Photo: Peter Weston

2010

Plant Science Page 28 Climate change and gene flow

Overall, our data on the emphasize the predominance of a plastic response to changing temperature conditions. We show that while biogeographic barriers can be difficult to overcome without suitable means of dispersal, temporal (phenological) barriers can be quickly bypassed following changes in climatic conditions. Interestingly, the Telopea speciosissima inflorescence Photo: M Rossetto distribution of pure and admixed genotypes across Telopea speciosissima (the NSW waratah) is a waratah populations particularly good model for studying the relative influence suggests a directional bias of environmental, ecological and climatic factors in in gene flow from coast to population-level differentiation and speciation. This is uplands, suggesting a because it has a limited flowering season; marked response to an overall differences in flowering times between populations; it is warming of local climatic distributed along altitudinal and latitudinal gradients; and conditions. has population-level disjunction caused by edaphic barriers. In a study combining molecular, morphological and environmental datasets we aimed to detect the genetic signatures that identify the geographic, edaphic and climatic factors leading to differentiation between population groups (as precursors of speciation). As could be expected for small populations naturally scattered across the landscape, we found that genetic differentiation corresponded to geographic isolation across the entire distribution of the waratah. Edaphic barriers are likely to play a role in the observed genetic structure, and overall the populations located at the southern edge of the sandstones of the Sydney Basin (to which the species is restricted) were the most genetically differentiated. Map showing association between temperature and We also found that phenological attributes (flowering genetic gradients time) strongly influence between-population gene flow Map: Chris Allen and connectivity in this bird pollinated species. We detected considerable genetic structure along the altitudinal gradient, and a close association between altitude, temperature and flowering time in wild populations. For instance, genetically intermediate populations located at intermediate altitudes attain optimal flowering temperatures at intermediate timing. Dr Maurizio Rossetto – Principal Research Scientist, Manager Evolutionary Ecology

Plant Science Page 29 Resilience through long-term persistence

Whether small isolated populations are the product of while maintaining dispersal or range contraction they have been subject to complete heterozygosity the stochastic genetic processes evident of founder and even increasing allelic effects. In general, founder populations (populations that diversity through somatic originated from a small sample of individuals due to either mutation. Clonal spread of a bottleneck or a dispersal event) have a reduced amount a locally fit individual is of genetic variation compared to the ancestral population now critical for the and both selection and drift can shape their genetic make-up. In small populations inbreeding can have a severe impact on fitness, while the complete absence of migration can increase the risk of stochastic extinction and reduce the potential for adaptive response. A remarkable example of a founder population is illustrated by Erythroxylum pusillum ms. at Gove in Northern Territory (NT, Australia). A single population, comprising less than 350 plants, was discovered within a mining lease at Gove, approximately 500 km from the core Distribution of E. pusillum Map: C Spain distribution of this Australian endemic species on the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland persistence of this (CYP). Lying between the two disjunct distributions is a population since shallow epicontinental sea known as the Gulf of opportunities to disperse Carpentaria. and track suitable We investigated the environmental conditions ecological and or to adapt through evolutionary recombination are all but consequences of lost at Gove. We showed being a highly that from both an disjunct founder ecological and genetic population, by taking standpoint, marginal advantage of the populations should unique opportunity therefore be considered an presented by E. important biological pusillum ms. at Gove. resource and thus We found several integrated into conservation measures, lines of evidence support Gove as a even when very small. E. pusillum in flower Photo: C Spain clonal population. In Dedicated management addition, the spatial clustering of observed genetic strategies must however individuals appears to clearly track the spread and consider the fact that in persistence of genotypes. Importantly, those that differed spite of their capacity for from each other by more than one allele were spatially well long term persistence, separated, enabling single allele mutations between small clonal populations genets to be tracked on the ground. Together this still remain highly information suggests that all 12 genets may belong to one vulnerable to catastrophic individual that accumulated somaclonal mutation with time. events. Dr Maurizio Rossetto – Principal After the initial loss of diversity (either through a severe Research Scientist, Manager bottleneck or a rare dispersal event) the Gove population Evolutionary Ecology and Dr Marlien has persisted through historical environmental changes, van der Merwe – Research Officer

Plant Science Page 30 Deep, disturbed, and persistent: the history of Australian rainforests

The history of rainforest in Australian is a narrative about phylogenetic relatedness continental drift, increasing aridity and habitat of interacting species, and contraction, persistence at reduced population size, of assemblages of tree conservatism, and extinction. Biogeographic and species arrayed along evolutionary history interacted with environmental gradients such as latitude gradients to shape the distribution of Australian rainforest and altitude, to provide communities across local, regional, and continental important insights into scales. Climate, topography, soils, and latitude are just continental rainforest some of those environmental influences. The interaction community assembly between rainforest ‘places and plants’ in relation to dry- processes. We use plant land ‘barriers and histories’ reflects deep time processes traits such as the size of and reveals important insights into large and smaller leaves and seeds, height scale vegetation processes, including dispersal. at maturity, and wood traits like density. The Community ecology is the investigation of the nature of timescales of the interactions among organisms. It includes both the emergence and origin of origins of those interactions, and their ecological and plant lineages in relation to evolutionary consequences. In effect it combines the the record of global study of living species and the spread of different ways of geologic, geographic, and making a living (reflected in species traits) with the environmental change evolutionary history that has led up to current-day required that we place ecology. For example, from an evolutionary perspective, rainforest community plants that are more closely related to each other are assembly into a less likely to co-occur in a local community because they phylogenetic framework. are more likely to have similar traits and compete for the We found that historical same resources. differences between latitude regions (eg. tropics and sub-tropics) in terms of climatic stability and geography (including topography), influence speciation and extinction, and can have long-lasting effects on regional species diversity. On their own, biogeographic patterns are insufficient to infer historical processes. They Wet Tropics, Qld Photo: Robert Kooyman need to be complimented with molecular, phylogenetic, or functional trait data relative to spatial scales and environmental gradients so inferences about history, and the future of species and systems in uncertain times, can be made. Robert Kooyman – Honorary Washpool, NSW Photo: M Rossetto Research Associate, Botanic Gardens Trust and Macquarie A collaborative research project between Botanic University Gardens Trust and Macquarie University compares the

Plant Science Page 31 The impact of Quaternary climate change on the distribution Podocarpus elatus

In a collaborative study with the University of Adelaide, response to climate naturally fragmented populations of Podocarpus elatus (a change may indicate an long lived rainforest conifer) were screened. Two indirect effect of divergent population groups separated by the dry competition rather than a Clarence River valley (New South Wales) were climatic preference. In the discovered. Higher diversity estimates were found in the future, combining genetic southern region, but it is likely that the species survived and fossil data historic population contraction in dispersed refugia within should help identify each of these genetically differentiated regions. The migration routes and date lower diversity and relative uniformity of the northern expansion / contraction populations could suggest that the current distribution is events. the result of an earlier expansion from a narrower genetic Independent species pool, a hypothesis that is currently being investigated in a distribution modelling has phylogeographic study. Recent localised extinctions in shown separate the northern peripheral range of the species are environmental niches for consistent with a scenario of long-term range contraction the northern and southern that intensified since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), regions (Fig.1). The although anthropogenic impact could also be an projection of the two important factor. separate envelopes on Fossil pollen data shows that the two regions have historic climatic estimates responded may also provide support differently to to adaptive divergence past climate between regional groups. change. In the north since the LGM, the conditions advantageo us to P. elatus have been declining Podocarpus elatus Photo: R Mellick suggesting that the species is currently in a state of interglacial contraction. While in the south, interglacial conditions are shown to be advantageo us to the species. Fig 1. The regional climatic models for P. elatus Rohan Mellick – PhD Student, This varied based on collection data (National Herbaria) and University of Adelaide and Botanic environmental data (WorldClim) Gardens Trust

Plant Science Page 32 Plants of the Newnes Plateau http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/science/Evolutionary_Ecology_Research

The Newnes Plateau in the Blue Mountains near Lithgow, underground coal mining, NSW is a high sandstone plateau at 1000–1100m sand extraction, logging, elevation and is the highest area of sandstone in the Blue fragmentation of habitat and Mountains. It has a particularly interesting range of tracks by vehicles. We have biodiversity and is rich in species diversity with up to 500 been concerned at the species recorded including rare and endangered species. impact of coal-mining subsidence in drying out of some of the swamps and impacting threatened plants including Boronia deanei and have been monitoring habitat change over a number of years. To increase awareness of the floristic diversity of the Plateau and following from the successful development of our Ecology of Cumberland Plain Woodland Webpages, we are developing a webpage to present the Plants of the Newnes Plateau. The webpages will include images of as many species as possible arranged in family groups together with some information on ecology and connections with other relevant research important to this area. We hope this will improve long- term management and increase public appreciation Sandstone outcrops or pagodas form spectacular landscapes on the edges of of this botanically significant the Newnes Plateau (top) and Newnes Plateau Shrub Swamp showing a conspicuous pink flowering zone of Boronia deanei in October (above) area. All photos: Lotte von Richter The plateau includes plant communities covering heath, woodland, forest, pagoda and swamp vegetation including Newnes Plateau Shrub Swamps which are listed as endangered under State and Commonwealth legislation. The Plateau is an important position at the top of the elevation and rainfall gradients from coast to mountains, and is an important research site, for example for Isopogon prostratus 1(Benson & von Richter 2010) and for genetic relationships of isolated populations of Telopea speciosissima by Maurizio Rossetto and colleagues. The Newnes Plateau is part of the buffer zone for the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area and is mainly Flowers of the threatened species Boronia deanei (family state forest; other parts are Crown Land. There are a Rutaceae) considerable number of threats including subsidence from Doug Benson – Senior Ecologist and Lotte von Richter – Technical Officer 1 Doug Benson & Lotte von Richter (2010) – see publications in Appendices Evolutionary Ecology

Plant Science Page 33 Progress of the NSW Vegetation Classification and Assessment Database (NSWVCA) http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/science/Evolutionary_Ecology_Research/vegetation_of_nsw

Senior Plant Ecologist Dr John Benson instigated the The next part of the NSWVCA database project in 1999 to meet an NSWVCA project has increasing demand for a fine-level ecological commenced and if funded classification covering NSW for environmental aims to cover the assessment and ecosystem management. The Australian Alps and South NSWVCA is classifying the vegetation of NSW into plant East Highlands Bioregions communities based on the best existing data and thereby completing the extensive field checking. A fourth paper in this series, vegetation classification in including Version 3 of the NSWVCA database, was the Murray, submitted for publication in 2010. This is the culmination Murrumbidgee, Lachlan of four years of research. It includes a 920 page report and Central West CMA on the 315 plant communities in the Brigalow Belt South, areas. Regional experts Nandewar and west-New England bioregions that cover will assist with this work 9.3 million hectares including all of the NSW North and it is anticipated it will Western Slopes. This additional classification work has take three years and resulted in 585 plant communities classified in the include about extra 250 NSWVCA database over 11.5 of the 18 IBRA bioregions plant communities. in NSW (Fig. 1). Version 3 also completes the NSWVCA The vegetation types for the Border Rivers / Gwydir and Namoi CMA areas being classified in the that run westwards off the New England Tableland NSWVCA database are including the Liverpool Range, Liverpool Plains, being incorporated into Warrumbungle Range, Mount Kaputar, sandstone forests decision support tools around Dubbo and the Pilliga Scrub, woodlands and under NSW regulations. wetlands near Lightning ridge and Yetman, the The NSWVCA database is Torrington granite region, dry rainforests (Fig. 2) and the also being re-compiled into western New England Tableland woodlands and forests. a SQL version for loading into DECCW NSW Vegetation Information System allowing it to be web-enabled for use the public.

Fig. 1. The NSWVCA project covers 78% of NSW including the NSW Western Plains and NSW Western Slopes

Plant Science Page 34 committees that have been set up within DECCW NSW. He sits on various DECCW committees dealing with vegetation classification across NSW.

Grassy woodland and grasslands Dr Benson wrote a chapter in a book on protecting Australia’s grassy temperate woodlands being published by CSIRO and has continued research in grassland ecology.

Dr John Benson – Senior Research Scientist and Chris Allen – Senior Technical Officer

Fig. 2. Version 3 of the NSWVCA database classifies the dry rainforests on the NSW North Western Slopes including the rare and attractive Cadellia pentastylis (Ooline) dominated dry rainforest. Photo: Jaime Plaza

Development of Ecosystem Risk Assessment Criteria for the World Conservation Union (IUCN) A further meeting was held in Washington DC with US NatureServe to discuss the draft risk assessment criteria developed by this ad hoc IUCN committee. A multi- authored paper has been submitted for publication in an international journal containing the draft risk assessment criteria. Further meetings are required in order to further refine the criteria before the next IUCN World Conservation Congress in 2012.

Representation on DECCW Vegetation Type Committees Dr Benson was called on to provide advice on vegetation classification and vegetation mapping matters at numerous DECCW meetings and to a number of

Plant Science Page 35

Plant Science Page 36

HORTICULTURAL RESEARCH

Wingèd Chariots Photo: Katie Thurlby Telopea speciosissima

2010

Plant Science Page 38 Rainforest Seed Project

One of the key risks of projected climate change is its effect on Australian rainforests. Climate change is predicted to interact with other threats, such as weeds and habitat fragmentation, in some of the most vulnerable environments like the Gondwana Rainforests of Australia and the Wet Tropics. Seed banking is a cost effective way of conserving vulnerable species outside of their natural habitat, but not all species, especially many rainforest species, can survive the seed banking procedure that requires tolerance to seed desiccation. The Rainforest Seed Project investigates the seed storage physiology of Australian rainforest species with the aim of contributing to the conservation of threatened species and communities.

Unique and valuable fruits of eastern Australian rainforest species Photo: K. Hamilton

Syzygium moorei (Durobby), a vulnerable listed species that has desiccation sensitive seeds Photos: S. Cottrell , K. Hamilton The Royal Botanic Gardens Foundation has funded the Rainforest Seed Project for 3 years (May 2008 – May 2011) through generous donations from Allianz, Tony Maxwell and Robyn Godlee. The seed biology data generated for this project is increasing our understanding of ecological correlates of seed desiccation sensitivity for predictive use in rainforest species. For species identified to have seed desiccation sensitivity, in situ conservation and technology development (e.g. cryostorage) needs to be prioritised. The findings of the project will be collated into a readily accessible database for use by scientists and restoration practitioners to inform their work (e.g. revegetation and seed banking).

Plant Science Page 39 To date seed biology testing has been investigated for key species. For example, 120 significant and/or threatened rainforest species from we hold living plant 50 plant families. The species identified to have non- collections of very rare orthodox seeds in this project (i.e. cannot be stored in species like Wollemi pine conventional seed banks) need to have alternative because seeds of this storage techniques developed. For long-term storage, species are possibly non- cryopreservation offers an option. This could include orthodox in their storage ability. For this species, because of the low number of plants occurring in the wild populations, holding representatives of each individual plant is possible. The collection of this species is used for a wide variety of purposes, although its primary purpose is as insurance against loss of the species in the wild.

Dr Kim Hamilton – Rainforest Seed Collecting seeds for desiccation screening from Lord Howe Island Project coordinator and postdoctoral Photo: L .Seed scientist and Dr Cathy Offord – Manager Horticultural Research

Amanda Rollason collecting fruits of Wollemia nobilis Photo: C. Offord cryobanking of seeds or plant material (e.g. embryo, shoots). Cryopreservation of whole seeds and embryos is preferable but this is not always possible as some species do not produce viable seeds or very limited numbers of plants (and thus seeds) are remaining in the wild. The cryopreservation of embryo and shoot material is reliant on the development tissue culture systems. The project works closely with conservation agencies and so, when the need arises, and it has done from time to time, alternative conservation arrangements can be made for

Plant Science Page 40

PLANT PATHOLOGY AND MYCOLOGY

Chestnut Rot Photo: Lucas Shuttleworth

2010

Plant Science Page 42 Plant Pathology and Mycology

On-going research in the plant pathology and mycology belonged to yet another section includes documenting and describing foliar genus, describing it as a diseases of members of the Proteaceae and Myrtaceae, novel taxon, Gnomoniopsis describing new species of the fungal genus Fusarium, pascoe sp. nov. understanding the biogeography and evolution of soil The teleomorph of the inhabiting and endophytic species of Fusarium, studying movement and distribution of economically significant Fusarium pathogens and investigating disease management strategies for a range of diseases incited by the water mould Phytophthora, including root rot of Wollemi Pine. The research group has also been investigating the aetiology and management of a variety of ornamental and horticultural diseases.

Research Highlight One of the plant pathology PhD students, Lucas Shuttleworth, has been investigating the aetiology and biology of Chestnut Rot in south eastern Australia. Chestnut rot is a significant problem facing the Australian chestnut industry, causing projected losses between 17- 30$M annually. The disease manifests in brown lesions occurring on the endosperm and embryo of the chestnut, often not visible externally, presenting a challenge for growers and consumers alike. Mature chestnuts in burr on chestnut tree

Chestnut Rot symptoms The perithecia (sexual fruiting bodies) of the pathogen found on Healthy chestnut the inside surface of decaying burrs

There has been considerable confusion surrounding the identity of the Chestnut Rot pathogen. In Australia, the pathogen was previously identified as the ascomycetous fungus, Phomopsis castanea Sacc (Höhn) (anamorph)/Diaporthe castaneti Nitschke (teleomorph). More recently the Chestnut Rot pathogen was reclassified informally as Gnomonia pascoe sp. nov. Smith and Ogilvy. In his investigation based on morphological examination and phylogenetic analysis of representative isolates collected from various farms in Victoria and New South Asci containing ascospores produced within perithecia. Ascospores are Wales, Lucas came to the conclusion that the pathogen ejected from perithecia and infect chestnut flowers

Plant Science Page 43 pathogen was observed to survive as a saprophyte growing on decaying burrs on the orchard floor, which Lucas Shuttleworth – PhD Candidate Dr Edward Liew – Manager Plant could serve as a reservoir of primary inoculum Pathology (ascospores) during summer when the trees are flowering. Lucas conducted an on-farm experiment and confirmed the presence of ascospores in the air with highest spore capture between 7-9am and 8-10pm, indicating climatic factors such as relative humidity and temperature affected ascospore release. Lucas’ studies also elucidated the abundance of the pathogen, as endophytes, found within living tissues of the chestnut tree, including (from highest to lowest frequency) the female flowers, male flowers, developing burrs, leaves, stems, and developing chestnut shells. This has important implications on disease management for farmers.

Lucas in a chestnut orchard in Mullion Creek, NSW

By understanding the biology of the disease, in particular establishing the parameters for each link within the disease cycle, effective and sustainable measures for disease management can then be developed. Lucas’ project is funded by Horticulture Australia Ltd, The University of Sydney and the Botanic Gardens Trust.

Photos: Lucas Shuttleworth

Plant Science Page 44

COLLECTIONS

Dew or Gems Photo: John Siemon

2010

Plant Science Page 46 Collections Section

The Collection Section comprises the National Implementation will Herbarium of New South Wales preserved plant commence in the second collection, the Library, Botanical half of the 2010/2011 Illustration Service, Herbarium Specimen Preparation financial and will centre Facility and the Red Box Gallery. Each area is staffed by around staff training. specialised staff specifically responsible for an area of the Collection. This financial year Dr Dale Dixon was appointed as the new manager of the section; he commenced in early November 2009. Key highlights of the section this financial year include: writing and implementing the Integrated Pest Management Plan for the Brown Building; writing the Disaster Recovery Plan for the Botanical Collection; recruiting Mr Michael Elgey to the new Herbarium The Red Box Gallery has Support Officer position; and four exhibitions in the Red had four exhibitions this Box gallery. financial year, attracting The Integrated Pest Management Plan (IPM) sets out the around 3500 visitors: criteria for managing a botanical collection in the absence of harmful chemical solutions. The IPM relates 1. Darwin’s to all users (staff, visitors, volunteers and associates) of Descendants: 200 the Botanical Collection and centres around controlling years of scientific internal environmental conditions (temperature and adventures relative humidity), specimen movement between levels 2. Staff Exhibition – and in and out of the NSW Herbarium, and general Photography cleanliness of individual rooms and common areas. The 3. Artist in Residence – completion of the document was timely as a serious Jenny Pollak infestation of Stegobium paniceum (Drugstore beetle) 4. 2010 Margaret was found within one area of the collection with some Flockton Award specimens in the Asteraceae and Fabaceae significantly Dr Dale Dixon – Manager Collections damaged. The Disaster Recovery Plan sets out the criteria to be followed if the collection sustains serious damage from

Damaged Asteraceae specimen Photo: Marnie Innis fire, water or some form of physical damage.

Plant Science Page 47 Library

Highgrove Florilegium and Display Case important works by Joseph Dalton Hooker, Charles Two volumes of the Highgrove Florilegium have been Darwin and books from the purchased for the RBG Library by Sue and Rob Maple- collections of J.H.Maiden, Brown. George Bennett and Joyce One of the Florilegium artists and Florilegium Committee Vickery. members, Deirdre Bean, has donated the funds to build A considerable number of a display case specially designed for the Highgrove. books from the Library’s main This will also be used to display other elephant folios collection are being identified, from the Library’s rare book collection, something that re-catalogued and re-housed has never been possible before. It will be an important in the Special Collection asset for the Red Box Gallery. Annexe - selected in terms of Oral History Project their provenance, fragility and historical importance to botany There are now 55 th oral history interviews (mainly pre-20 century). recorded by our oral Florilegium Society history volunteer, Six more stunning Florilegium John Pearce, Society artworks have been including a few produced by members of the interviews recorded Florilegium Society and will be by Barbara Briggs. amongst those exhibited in the Funds were made Red Box from September to available enabling us November 2010. to have all interviews transcribed. Photographic Milestone Remaining funds After digitising the index were spent on an records of 76 folders and 12 advertisement in the boxes of historic photographs Sunday Telegraph Evelyn Shervington has soliciting stories, Wishing tree started to sort and index the images and Image: RBG Library Historical Collection considerable number of documents from the photographs that have arrived public, which has had since the massive heritage a very productive response with photographs to scan, photography project started. stories, potential oral history interviewees and a piece of wood from the original Wishing Tree. Rare Book Cataloguing Project The Rare Book Cataloguing Project, funded by the Foundation, continues to discover new information about the treasures the Library holds. Particularly interesting has been Maiden’s Forest Flora with marginalia and annotations by a series of botanists (identifiable using our handwriting register). We are starting to get a much clearer idea of the provenance of some of the works. We have initially targeted John Pearce – oral history volunteer Photo: Judy Blood A collection of photographs of the Gardens, bequeathed Sadly we have lost a very by Caroline Simpson, has been sorted, rehoused in much loved and valued conservation storage and data entered. volunteer. Lois Stewart worked with us for 6 years. Map Collection We greatly miss her wicked Work placement student and volunteer Jasmine Jordan sense of humour, insight and tackled a huge backlog of unidentified rolled maps, plans commitment. and charts. The collection has been weeded, mostly catalogued, put in Mylar sleeves or, if too fragile, left rolled with conservation notes registered. There were some wonderful treasures found including 2 large certificates awarded to the Gardens for exhibits at the Chicago International Exhibition in 1893, a 1914 map of the Gardens (the only intact original one surviving), old maps of the Gardens (including one from approximately 1830, hand painted with the Catholic Chapel which predated St Mary’s). PhD Thesis on Gardens History Long-time visiting researcher Jodi Frawley has completed her PhD thesis - Botanical knowledges, settling Australia : Sydney Botanic Gardens, 1896-1924. This is held in the Library, along with her Honours thesis Lois Stewart – stalwart volunteer – Information, People Place : Global botanical information sadly missed. networks and local nineteenth century Australian Botanic Volunteer, Morgan Gregory, Gardens. Jodi has also written a number of journal has digitised the handwriting articles on the cultural history of mangoes, wattle and registers and supplementary prickly pear. She continues to work in the Library, volume. A PDF copy will be focusing on grasses (the subject of her Merewhether made available via network Scholarship at the State Library of NSW). drives. Other Collection News The Florilegium Society has Donations are a welcome feature of Library work but one also contributed considerable this year was very sad. The family of Surrey Jacobs volunteer time in Florilegium (former staff member – deceased 7 December 2009) has Society Committee activities donated a large collection of books from his library, and producing stunning art focussing on grasses and Australian botany. These works. works are an invaluable addition to the Library’s collection. The RBG Library continues to develop its many and Judy Blood – Senior Librarian varied collections, including specialist historical collections, using digitisation and research to improve their long-term conservation and expand on their interpretative materials. For example the ‘Nubian Boy’ statue in the Library (rescued from the Stone Yard) has been identified as one of a pair that was exhibited in the French display in the Garden Palace International Exhibition in 1879. The head of Spring, held in the Library, has now been restored to its body and stands proudly by the Palace Garden steps. Volunteers During the last year 11 volunteers have been working on various projects and supporting Library staff.

Plant Science Page 49 PlantBank

The 2016 Botanic Bicentenary program has provided an reintroduction of opportunity to enhance the scientific programs of the threatened species and Botanic Gardens Trust. Over the last few decades, our ecosystem restoration. contributions to plant conservation, through seedbanking, PlantBank will have tissue culture and associated research, have increased laboratories that will be through major international collaborations such as the used for a range of Millennium Seed Bank Project. This partnership, in activities including growth particular, has given us the opportunity to explore ways studies, providing a in which the Botanic Gardens Trust contributes to the valuable opportunity for knowledge and use of plant resources. The development the unique flora of NSW to of PlantBank, a world-class science facility located at be documented. The Mount Annan Botanic Gardens will improve delivery of building will support up to the Trust’s diverse scientific programs in horticultural 50 staff, visiting scientists, research, conservation and education. volunteers and students. PlantBank will incorporate viewing galleries and interactive displays in the public spaces which will engage the public with the horticulture and science activities within the laboratories, glasshouses and the surrounding landscape. Modern design elements such as energy harvest, thermal efficiency, water capture and recycling and an intelligent building management system will blend with horticultural elements like a green laboratory on the roof. Mount Annan PlantBank – Artistic impression Lahznimmo Architects PlantBank will be a At the core of PlantBank is the NSW Seedbank which will resource for all of us. It is store representatives of the majority of NSW seed a hub for staff, other bearing species. This collection will be used as a horticulturists and reference and research collection for helping to conservation practitioners understand NSW flora. It will complement the National as well as the general Herbarium of NSW and the living plant collections across public. It has an the Trust’s four estates. Plant scientists will be able to international focus where contribute to and work with the germplasm of NSW flora, plants, people and science primarily in the form of seed. Many species, perhaps as come together to share many as 20% of NSW species, can’t be seedbanked ideas and information. It because they don’t produce seed or their seed cannot be will be a resource for the stored by conventional means. For these species’ some people of the State of form of living plant material will be conserved in tissue NSW, Australia and culture, cryostorage or indeed form part of the garden international plant collections. Seeds, cuttings or plants will be available for enthusiasts. Importantly it scientific studies or for conservation activities such as

Plant Science Page 50 will be a place for the generation and dissemination of Dr Cathy Offord – Senior Research Scientist and Manager, Horticultural information about Australian plants. Research John Siemon – Project Manager – PlantBank

(L to R) Geoff Corrigan (Member for Camden), Peter Cuneo, Brett Summerell, Caz McCallum, Phil Costa (Minister for Water & Member for Wollondilly), Frank Sartor (Minister for Climate Change and the Environment)

PlantBank would not have been realised without the dedicated team of people who have helped to navigate the never-ending pitfalls, deadlines and paperwork. Our thanks go to the Friends of the Gardens and NSW Treasury for financially supporting the development of the PlantBank concept. The Trust has secured $15.5M from the NSW Government to commence implementation but still needs to raise a further $4.25M through private benefaction to complete the project. However we are well on our way to realising the full potential of PlantBank as a conservation tool for our diverse flora.

Plant Science Page 51 Specimen Mounting Room And Volunteers

The Herbarium’s Specimen Mounting Program was first Birds Australia, Clown established in 1989 with a group of 20 volunteers which Doctors, The Salvation has since grown in number to the current group of 44. Army, Easy-care And with over 1.2 million plant specimens housed in the Gardening, Friends of collection, there is no shortage of work to be done. RBG nursery, the National Herbarium of NSW library The contributions of the volunteers consist not only of and at various Bush Care their time and skills, but also their diverse backgrounds sites around Sydney. The and personalities. Their vocational backgrounds range volunteers travel far and from Nuclear Physics through to Artists and Teachers. wide for their work here at Many of the volunteers also bring botanical knowledge the herbarium. Most are through their past and present studies and work with from Sydney but quite a both horticulture and bushland regeneration. Some also few travel weekly from the transfer their expertise in embroidery and quilting to the Blue Mountains and both sometimes extremely delicate stitching needed to mount the Central and South specimens onto archival board. coasts. We also have some International visitors who have recently joined the program all the way from Canada and Colombia. Job sharing in the position of Volunteer Coordinator, both Jude and Peta have past careers in Bush Regeneration and follow creative pursuits. Peta is an artist who has been exhibiting her art for over 10 years and Jude, now busy with her 1-year-old daughter, has not Valerie Trigg (Volunteer) mounting Fabaceae in 2009 Photo: Peta Hinton forgotten her love of photography and song writing. Both Peta and Jude really enjoy working The mounting room is a vibrant place, filled with with the mounting program conversation about food, art, books, films, travel, and its volunteers. gardening, the environment and politics. All the while the volunteers carry out excellent work, mounting anything from a bulky to the tiniest orchids. Some of the Jude Wright and Peta Hinton – volunteers have been participating in the mounting Volunteer Co-ordinators program for over 10 and 20 years, while others have started this year. Many friendships have formed and many morning teas have been enjoyed. Our volunteers are an eclectic group and their other volunteering projects are as diverse as their careers. Some currently volunteer with organisations such as

Plant Science Page 52 Florilegium Collection 2010 Housed with the Library Collection

The Florilegium Society has been active in the last year It is hoped that the with an addition of six donated works to the Botanic Florilegium will grow in Gardens and Domain Trust. number over the next 6 years and culminate in a 2016 publication or a glossy coffee table style book.

The paintings were last shown 2 years ago and now the second exhibition of all the paintings will be opened 9th September 2010 by Mr Graham Bradley AM, Chair of the HSBC, Stocklands and the Business Council of Australia. The exhibition is to be a venue and showcase for the Foundation to raise awareness of our needs for funding for specific projects. The exhibition will be open on week days from 10 September to the 26 November 2010.

Protea cynaroides Artist: Narelle Thomas

Ruth Walter - Liriodendron tulipfera Annie Hughes- Podocarpus elatus Narelle Thomas- cynaroides Julie Nettleton - Begonia venosa Beverley Allen - Camellia japonica ‘Cleopatra’ (Macarthur) David Mackay - bleasdalei (donated by a private collector) Dichorisandra thyrsifolia (Blue Ginger) 2008 Artist: Beverly Allen

This brings the collection to 22 works. All works of art are a very high standard and depict species that are growing Louisa Murray – Flora Botanist in one of the Trusts three estates.

Plant Science Page 53 FLOCKTON AWARD

The Margaret Flockton Award and Exhibition is held each Banks and the 1770 year in the Red Box Gallery at the Botanic Gardens Trust Endeavour voyage. Sydney. Director of the Botanic Gardens Trust, Dr Tim The Award, now in its seventh, year is named in honour Entwisle, was very warm of Margaret Flockton (1861 – 1953), the first botanical in his praise of the illustrator at the Royal Botanic Gardens in Sydney. In illustrations on show and recognising the historical and scientific value of the reinforced the importance Flockton collection of work, The Botanic Gardens Trust of the role of scientific and the Friends of The Royal Botanic Gardens, with the botanical illustration in invaluable support of Maple-Brown Family sponsor this modern taxonomy. He also award in Margaret Flockton’s honour, which aims to reiterated how grateful we encourage scientific botanical illustrators worldwide in are to the Friends of The their niche field of expertise. Gardens and the Maple Once again this year we had entries pour in from all over Brown Family who the globe, with artworks were of a very high standard – sponsor the Margaret the bar seems to be raised even higher each year. This Flockton Award. years judging panel consisted of Hannah Finlay, The Margaret Flockton Scientific Illustrator at the University of NSW, Dr Vaughn Committee are sorry to be Dai Rees, Associate Dean International, School of losing the staunch, strident Design Studies, COFA, University of NSW and Dr Peter and stimulating support of Wilson, Senior Research Scientist at the Botanic Robyn Macintosh, who Gardens Trust. The winning and highly commended many BASA members works were announced on the exhibitions opening night, would know as the Thursday 8th April, by Jennifer Stackhouse, Editor of previous curator of ABC Gardening Australia magazine. Botanica and great friend of botanical artists everywhere. Robyn took up the reins from Margot Child a few years ago and now the Flockton Committee are awaiting the newest member, to be nominated by the Friends of the Gardens, to step in to those big shoes. We cannot thank Robyn enough for all she has done to shape the Margaret Flockton Award as we know it today, and we envy those lucky

Lauren Black (TAS, winner 2004), Lucy Smith (UK Highly Commended enough to next have her 2010), Sue Wickison (NZ), Elizabeth Cooper (Sydney, Aus), Lesley Elkan dynamic energies behind and Catherine Wardrop – curators and members of the Margaret Flockton their project, whatever it Award Committee. may be. In 2011 the Margaret Jennifer Stackhouse opened the exhibition with a speech Flockton Award will be highlighting the role of illustrators as a prerequisite for once again held in early serious botanical research since the time of Joseph autumn, with entries due in

Plant Science Page 54 early February. The committee would dearly love to see Catherine Wardrop – Artist, more local entries from what we know are a passionate Collections and talented population of botanical artists and illustrators and will be focussing their recruiting energies Australia wide for the 2011 show.

First Prize – Vellozia sp.nov. - Margaret Flockton 2010

2010 Winners First prize of $5000: Rogerio Lupo from Brazil for his nib and ink illustration of Vellozia sp.nov. Second prize of $2000: Sarah Adler from the USA for a beautiful ink rendering of Clidemia longidentata. Highly Commended Rogerio Lupo (Brazil) Lavoisiera punctata Edmundo Saavedra (Mexico) Crataeva tapia Lucy Smith (UK) Morinda sp.nov.andapensis Klei Sousa (Brazil) Actinocephalus verae. All winning works were drawn in ink.

Plant Science Page 55 Centre for Plant Conservation

The Centre for Plant Conservation is a nexus for recognised as occurring in coordination and facilitation of some of the Trust’s activity New South Wales. In this in support of the conservation of species and ecological State, it occurs at only three communities, and of capacity building in the conservation or four sites in the Monaro sector. region, where it grows along the shorelines of ephemeral A new book, Plant Germplasm Conservation in Australia, lakes. The only published was launched in September 2009. Published by the information on this species Australian Network for Plant Conservation, this related to its sole previously comprehensive technical manual provides nationally known occurrence in applicable standards and case studies for the capture, Victoria. Assessment of the long-term storage, and use of wild-plant germplasm, taxonomy, ecology and especially seed. Staff of the Horticultural Research Unit at threat-status of this species Mount Annan, and the CPC Coordinator, were key meant drawing on the field contributors and drivers of this project, working with other knowledge of several members of the Australian Seed Bank Partners collaborators spread over consortium. The book represents a significant pooling of 1000km. The species has research results and practical experience from around the now been listed as country, and is likely to form the basis for several strands Endangered in NSW. of training by the partner organisations. Several Trust staff are active The CPC Coordinator is an appointed member of the New members of the Australian South Wales Scientific Committee, the body that assesses Network for Plant terrestrial species Conservation Inc., a national and ecological linkage body that includes communities among its members all the nominated for major Botanic Gardens and listing under the conservation agencies, as Threatened well as community groups Species and individuals. BGT staff Conservation Act contributed several articles 1995. The Scientific or abstracts to Australasian Committee meets Plant Conservation during monthly to progress the year, and assisted in its the many production. nominations made under the Act. The Coordinator also Assessment of delivered an annual lecture nominations, and to third-year ecology drafting of The Endangered species Pelargonium sp. (G. students at Macquarie W. Carr 10345), growing at Lake Bathurst Committee NSW, December 2009 University, and gave several determinations, is a Photo: R.O. Makinson lecture and seminar substantial part of sessions to participants in the activity of its members. Much of the role is in finding the Plant Science Internship and synthesizing the limited published, ‘grey’, and ‘head’ Program. knowledge that exists for these often poorly documented Bob Makinson – Conservation Botanist species and vegetation types. The Botanic Gardens Trust is well placed to contribute to this process, having a diverse network of external contacts and internal expertise and experience. A recent case in point was the assessment process for a so-far undescribed and poorly known species (Pelargonium sp. G. W. Carr 10345, pictured) – a member of the Geranium family recently

Plant Science Page 56

APPENDICES

Urban Green Photo: Rohan Mellick

2010

Plant Science Page 58 Appendix A: STAFF, VOLUNTEERS AND STUDENTS IN SCIENCE BRANCH Director Science and Public Programs Brett Summerell BScAgr(Hons), PhD(Syd) Executive Assistant Sheryl Saban Dip Life Coaching(Nature Care College); Cert III Bus.Studies (Western Sydney TAFE) Administrative Assistants Kristina McColl BSc(Hons)(UNSW), BushRegenCert(Ryde/Richmond TAFE) Ifeanna Tooth BSc(Sydney), AdvCertUrbHort(OTEN)

CENTRE FOR PLANT CONSERVATION Coordinator Bob Makinson BA(Biology)(Macq)

EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY Manager and Senior Research Scientist Maurizio Rossetto BSc(Hons)(La Trobe), MSc, PhD (UWA)

NSW Vegetation Special Botanists Doug Benson BSc(Hons)(UNSW), PhD(Sydney) John Benson BSc(Macq) Senior Technical Officer Chris Allen BEng, BSc(Biology)(Sydney), PhD(Sydney) Technical Officer Katie Thurlby BSc/BA(Sydney) (temp) Lotte von Richter BScAgr(Sydney), MScAgr(Sydney) Sally Waller LDD 20.8.09 Scientific Officers Hannah McPherson BSc(Hons)(UNSW) (temp) Marlien van de Merwe BSc(Hons)(Pretoria), MPhil, PhD(Cambridge) (temp) Paul Rymer BSc(Hons)(UWS Hawkes), PhD(UWoll), (temp) commenced 4.3.10

PLANT PATHOLOGY AND MYCOLOGY Manager and Research Scientist Edward Liew BSc(Hons), PhD(UQ) Senior Technical Officers Matthew Laurence BSc (UWA), Imperial College,London(Hons), PhD(Sydney ongoing) Technical Officers Julie Bates, AssDipAppSc(Ultimo TAFE)

HORTICULTURAL RESEARCH Manager and Senior Research Scientist Catherine Offord BScAgr(Sydney), MScAgr(Sydney), PhD(Sydney) Scientific Officer Amelia Martyn BHortSci(Hons), PhD(Sydney) Kim Hamilton BAppSc(Hons), MTeach(QUT), PhD(Griffith) Plant Science Page 59

Senior Technical Officer John Siemon, BHortSc(Hons)(UQ) Technical Officers Karen Sommerville BSc(Hons), PhD(UTS); CertHortOperations(Padstow TAFE) (temp) John Silk BScAgr(Sydney) (temp) Research Horticultural Assistant Amanda Rollason CertIVHort(Parks&Gardens)(Yallah TAFE)

PLANT DIVERSITY Manager Peter Weston BSc(Hons), PhD(Sydney) (Acting) Peter Wilson BSc(Hons), PhD(UNSW) (Acting) Elizabeth Brown BSc, MSc(Hons), PhD(Auk) (Acting) Brett Summerell BScAgr(Hons), PhD(Syd) Senior Principal Research Scientist Surrey Jacobs, BScAgr; PhD(Sydney) LDD 20.11.09 Peter Weston BSc(Hons), PhD(Sydney) Principal Research Scientist Barry Conn BScEd, MSc(Melb), MBA(CSU), PhD(Adel) Alan Millar BSc(Hons), PhD(Melb) Senior Research Scientist Peter Wilson BSc(Hons), PhD(UNSW) Botanist & Scientific Editor (Telopea) Elizabeth Brown BSc, MSc(Hons), PhD(Auk) Flora Botanist Louisa Murray BAppSc(CCAE) Scientific Officer Margaret Heslewood BSc(Hons)( Sydney) (temp)

Botanical Information Service Botanist Barbara Wiecek BSc(Sydney) Senior Technical Officer Seanna McCune BAppSc(Hawkes), BushRegenCert Technical Officer Andrew Orme Hort TradeCert Plant Information Network Officer Gary Chapple BSc(Sydney), DipAg(Hawkes)

Laboratory Senior Technical Officer Adam Marchant BSc(Hons), PhD(ANU) Technical Officer Carolyn Porter BAppSc(Hons)(UTS)

Plant Science Page 60

COLLECTIONS Manager Dale Dixon BSc(Hons), PhD, GradCertTertiary Ed(JCU), GradCertManagement (Public Sector) RMIT commenced 2.11.09 Katherine Downs BA (NSW), BSc(Hons) (Sydney) (Acting) Gillian Towler BSc(Macq), AssDipAppSc(HortParkMgt), TreeSurgCer (Acting) Judy Blood BA, DipEd(La Trobe) DipLib (RMIT) BushRegenCert, ArboricultureCert, Multimedia Cert IV (Acting) Technical Officers Wayne Cherry BScAgr(Sydney), GradDipBioSc(UNSW) Robert Coveny HortCert Katherine Downs BA (UNSW), BSc(Hons)(Sydney) Clare Herscovitch BSc(Hons)(Sydney) Phillip Kodela BSc(Hons), PhD(UNSW)(temp) Hannah McPherson BSc(Hons)(UNSW) Leonie Stanberg BSc(Sydney), DipEd(SCAE) Gillian Towler BSc(Macq), AssDipAppSc(HortParkMgt), TreeSurgCert Loans Officer Zonda Erskine AssDip in FAP(Sydney TAFE) Herbarium Assistants Belinda Araghi (temp) Lisa Woods (temp) Marnie Innes BSc(Hons)(Macq) (temp) Herbarium Support Michael Elgey DipHort, CertIIIConservation, CertIIIHort(Ryde TAFE), CertIVAgri(Richmond TAFE), BSc(UTS) (deferred) commenced 15.6.10 Alex Newman CertAmenHort(SA), AdvCertHort(SA), BScAg(Hons)(UniSA), BMus(UniSAl), PhD(Macq) LDD 14.8.09

Library Senior Librarian Judy Blood BA, DipEd (La Trobe) DipLib (RMIT) BushRegenCert, ArboricultureCert, Multimedia Cert IV Library Technician Miguel Garcia AssocDipLibPrac(STC)

Botanical Illustration Illustrators Lesley Elkan BSc(UTS), PostGradDipIllus(Newc) Catherine Wardrop BA(Vis)(ANU), PostGradDipIllus(Newc)

Volunteer Program Volunteer Program Supervisors Mary Stewart BSc(Sydney) LDD 1.6.10 Peta Hinton DipFine Arts(Meadowbank TAFE) + 3 AdvCerts(Meadowbank TAFE, St George TAFE); BushRegenCert(National Trust); 2007 BGT Internship Jude Wright BA(UNSW), BushRegen.Cert II (Ryde TAFE)

Plant Science Page 61

VOLUNTEERS Beverley Allen, Kathleen Allen, Lydia Bell, Margaret Bell, Pamella Bell, Chris Belshaw, Carol Bentley, Rosemary Blakeney, Wayne Brailey, Harry Brian, Ellen Brien, Louise Broadhead, Kathryn Brown, David Buncel, Lynette Burns, Mary Cail, Diane Calder, Margaret Carrigg, Margot Child, Anne Collins, Anthony Curry, Barbara Darmanin, Jane D’Olier, David Drage, Helen Flinn, Gladys Foster, Jane Helsham, Rachel Hill, Jim Hoffmann, Beverley Honey, Susan Jalaluddin, Fred Langshaw, Gwenda Levy, Lorraine McCarthy, Malcolm McDonald, Ena Middleton, Jenna Nielsen, Barbara Page, Sally Paton, John Pearce, Aileen Phipps, Dorothy Pye, Beth Radford, Ann Rahaley, Daniel Robinson, Theresa Sergeant, Evelyn Shervington, Graham Shields, Carol Sinclair, Lois Stewart, Julie Taylor, Elisabeth Thilo, Betty Thurley, Valerie Trigg, Rosemary Varley, Denise Walker, Margaret Waud, Ann Wilcher, Jean Williams.

Plant Science Page 62

STUDENTS S&PP BRANCH 2009-2010

Student Degree University Supervisors Project Title Melita Baum PhD Australian +Prof. M. Crisp, Evolutionary patterns across the National Dr M. Rossetto, landscape in Telopea and University Dr P. Weston Anne Bauman PhD University of +Dr P. Martin, Dr Regeneration studies of the Sydney C. Offord Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) Fringing Forest at the Myall Lakes Daniel Clarke Hons University of Dr B. Conn, +Dr Systematics of Ajuga australis Sydney M. Henwood sensu lato (Lamiaceae) Endymion PhD University of +Dr M. A revision of Lepidozia and Cooper Sydney Henwood, +M. Telaranea and an assessment Pye, Dr E. of the phylogeny and Brown biogeography of Lepidoziaceae subfamily Lepidozioideae Will Cuddy PhD University of +Assoc Prof B. Investigate amelioration of NSW Neilan, Dr B. impacts of irrigation salinity in Summerell wheat cropping using the cyanobacteria Nostoc and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Frances Elliot PhD Southern Cross +Prof R. Henry, Extent of clonality and University Dr M. Rossetto taxonomic relationships in Davidsonia Nathan Emery PhD University of +Dr G. Wardle, Dormancy of Actinotus Sydney +Dr M. helainthi seed Henwood, +Professor R. Overall, Dr C. Offord Sarah Fayed PhD University of Dr P. Weston Phylogeny and pollination Tasmania biology of , Proteaceae) Allison Frith PhD University of +Dr G. Wardle, Seed orcharding of native plants Sydney +Professor R. Overall, Dr C. Offord Jitendra PhD Macquarie +Prof S. Analysis of customary medicinal Gaikwad University Ranganathan, plant knowledge using a +Dr J. Kohen, Dr biodiversity Informatics +J. Jamie, +Dr. approach S. Vemulpad, +P. Haynes, KL Wilson Kerry Gibbons PhD University of +Dr M. Phylogeny and biogeography Sydney Heywood, Dr of Mitrasacme s. lat. B. Conn (Loganiaceae) Evan Graham Hons University of +Professor D. Ecophysiology of Wollemi pine Sydney Tissue (UWS), +Dr C. Warren, +Prof. M. Adams, Dr C. Offord Margaret PhD University of Dr M. Rossetto, Historical biogeography and Heslewood Adelaide +Prof D. Crayn, phylogeography of the family +Prof A. Lowe Cunoniaceae () in Australasia Peter Innes SCI595 Project University of Prof J. Bruhl, K. Species limits in Allocasuarina New England Wilson, I. Telford rigida

Plant Science Page 63 Student Degree University Supervisors Project Title Peter Jobson PhD University of +K. Brown, Dr P. A taxonomic revision of Technology Weston Dillwynia (Fabaceae: Sydney Faboideae: Mirbelieae) Tory Kuria MSc National +Dr Jer-Ming Phylogeny of Dillenia University Hu, Dr B. Conn (Dilleniaceae) Taiwan Matthew PhD University of Dr E. Liew, Dr B. The evolutionary and Laurence Sydney Summerell, pathogenic potential of +Prof L. Burgess Fusarium oxysporum from native soils in Australia Emma Honours University of +Dr G. Wardle, Promiscuous Proteaceae: McIntosh Sydney Dr M. Rossetto, Hybridization between native Dr P. Weston Australian Lomatia species Hannah MSc → PhD University of Dr M. Rossetto, Biogeography of the eastern McPherson New England +Prof D. Crayn, tetrathecas: +Dr C. Gross Rohan Mellick PhD University of Dr M. Rossetto, Comparing and contrasting Adelaide +Prof R. Hill, molecular and fossil data in +Prof A. Lowe Podocarpus elatus Yola Metti PhD University of Dr A. Millar, Morphology and molecular New South +Prof P. phylogeny of the red algal Wales Steinberg Laurencia in NSW Paul Musili PhD University of Prof J. Bruhl, K. Systematics studies in New England Wilson, A. Gibbs Schoenus L. (Schoeneae, Cyperaceae) Zoe-Joy Newby PhD University of Prof. D. Guest Modelling Phytophthora Sydney (UniSyd), Dr D. dieback in the Greater Blue Ramp Mountains World Heritage (UniNSW), Dr Area E. Liew Arthur Pinaria PhD University of Dr E. Liew, Vanilla Stem Rot In Indonesia: Sydney +Prof L. Burgess Host diversity and pathogen population genetics Kirsten Proft Hons University of +Dr M. Systematics of Prostanthera Sydney Heywood, Dr B. lasianthos sensu lato Conn (Lamiaceae) Victor Puno Bachelor of University of Dr E. Liew, Prof. Identification of Phytophthora Horticultural Sydney D. I. Guest spp. from natural ecosystems in Science (Hons) NSW and pathogenicity of P. multivora on Wollemia nobilis Caroline PhD James Cook Dr Elizabeth Systematics of the Puente-Lelievre University Brown, +Dr Leucopogon/Syphelia/Astroloma Darren Crayn clade (Ericaceae subf. Syphelioideae) Matt Renner PhD University of Dr E. Brown, Relationships of the Austral Sydney +Dr G. Wardell family Lepidoziaceae Phillip Rose SCI595 Project University of Prof J. Bruhl, K. The taxonomic patterns and New England Wilson, I. Telford limits of taxa within Allocasuarina Section Cylindropitys on the North Coast of NSW Lucas PhD University of +Prof D. Guest, Biology and Management of nut Shuttleworth Sydney Dr. E Liew rot of chestnut Katie Thurlby Honours University of +Assoc Prof W. The reproductive biology of the New South Sherwin, Dr M. magenta Lilly Pilly (Syzygium Wales Rossetto, Dr P. paniculatum) and its Wilson implications for conservation

Plant Science Page 64 Student Degree University Supervisors Project Title Sela Tupouniua PhD University of Dr E. Liew, Fungicide resistance in Sydney +Assoc Prof R. Podosphaera xanthii (powdery McConchie mildew) of Squash in Tonga Michael PhD Australian +Prof R. Peakall, Gene flow patterns in speciating Whitehead National Dr M. Rossetto ground orchids University Trevor Wilson PhD University of +Dr M. Systematic studies in Sydney Henwood, Dr B. Prostanthera (Lamiaceae) Conn Paul Wynn PhD University of +Prof B. Sutton, Water use efficiency of Sydney Dr C. Offord Australian plants Ameera PhD University of Dr E. Liew, +A. Fusarium Wilt of Snow Peas Yousiph Sydney Watson (NSW DPI), +Prof L. Burgess

+ external supervisor

Plant Science Page 65

Appendix B Honorary Research Associates – current projects

Name Project

Alan Archer Continuance of current projects: study of the lichen family Graphidaceae in PhD(City Lond), CChem, Australia; study of the lichen genus Pertusaria in Australia FRSC New project: a World Key to the genus Pertusaria

Barbara Briggs Restionaceae – Phylogeny of Restionaceae, Centrolepidaceae and BSc(Hons), PhD(Syd), Anarthriaceae; Chromosome numbers in Australian Restionaceae; PSM Description of & Seed morphology of Restionaceae; . Ecdeiocoleaceae – Description of Ecdeiocolea rigens; Epidermis morphology of Ecdeiocoleaceae leaves; Patterns of flowering in Ecdeiocoleaceae Monocot Tree of Life Hydatellaceae Botanical talks to BGT Volunteer Guides

Carrick Chambers AM Continuance of current project: Monograph of the genus Belchnum on a MSc(NZ & Melb), worldwide basis PhD(Syd), Hon.LLD(Melb), Hon.DSc(NSW), AHRIH Joy Everett Contributions to: BioTechCert (Syd TAFE), Flora of South Australia – to complete by end 2009 BSc(Hons), MSc(Syd) Flora of Australia – to complete by end 2010

Gwen Harden Continuance of current project: Floristics and distribution of rainforest MSc(UNE) species in subtropical mainland Australia (Rockhampton to Victoria) incl. preparation of a DVD on the identification of rainforest trees, shrubs and climbing plants. – covering 1112 taxa – key of 147 characters – incollaboration with Dr Bill McDonald (Qld Herbarium) Terry Tame, and Hugh and Nan Nicholson.

Ken Hill Taxonomy and systematics of Eucalypts and Cycads BSc(Hons), MSc(UNE) Peter Hind Research on the Ferns of Australia HortCert Jocelyn Howell Seed and germination characteristics of Cumberland Plain Woodland native BPharm(Syd), BSc(Macq) plant species plus Assist in compilation of further information on the ecology of Sydney’s native plant species

Robert Kooyman Several rainforest based projects including publication of research results of phylognetic and functional attributes; test a range of hypotheses emerging from research; expansion of collaborations to increase research objectives at state, national and international levels; collections for genetic research by Evolution and Ecology section of Plant Science unit of BGT.

Erich Lassak Chemotaxonomic studies on the essential oils of the NSW indigenous flora Bc(Hons), MSc, PhD(NSW) Updating and correction of botanical names of essential oil bearing species quoted in the literature Dangerous Cycads

Alan Leishman Bird Banding and Observation Study at Mount Annan BG PhotoengravingEtchingCert Researching history of the Aviary in the Royal Botanic Gardens A short paper on the first Aviary has been submitted to the Gardens History Journal. A copy will be forwarded upon acceptance.

John Leslie Continuance of current project: Genetics and Physiology of Fusarium spp. BA(Dall), MS(UWisc), PhD(UWisc)

Lyn McDougall Assistance with research on ecology of plants of the Sydney region BushRegenCert

Plant Science Page 66

Appendix B Honorary Research Associates – current projects

Name Project

Anthony Martin Member of 2016 Bicentennial Book Committee BioTechCert, Member of Margaret Flockton Award Committee BioTechHigherCert, Participation in Oral History project – towards 2016 BAppSc(Riverina) Member of Aviary Exhibition – researching the history of the aviary in the Gardens from 1861 to 1939

Patricia Meagher Conducting experiments on the influence of light and pH, and nutrient levels BSc(Hons) Urban on seedling growth, seed storage and the monitoring of cone development Horticulture(UTS) and plant health in the wild population, with Cathy Offord, Jaime Plaza and Tony Auld.

Peter Michael Revision of 1981 paper on Echinochloa (Poaceae) BAgSc(Hons); PhD(Adel) Proper typification of Verbena litoralis in collaboration with Dr Barry Conn Descriptions for publication of Eryngium (Apiaceae) Conclusion of work on Onopordum Illyricum

Peter Olde Personal taxonomic research centres on the genus Grevillea (Proteaceae). Major projects include: Taxonomy of Section Manglesia sensu Benthan and Revision of Meisner.

Christopher Quinn Continuance of collaboration with Dr David Albrecht, NT Herbarium, to BSc (Hons)(Tas); PhD complete revision of generic concepts in the Oligarrheneae and the (Auk) Monotoca clade of Styphelieae Continuance of collaboration with Dr Elizabeth Brown on Epacrideae

Helen Ramsay Checking the identity of names listed as TYPES for the genus Trematodon MSc, PhD(Syd) Identifying and returning loans of Bryaceae from MEL Checking specimens from Utrecht (Prof Ben van Zanten) and returning unrequired ones. Identifying and checking specimens from Bryaceae, ORthotrichaceae and Sematophyllaceae Possible collaborative project for publication

Bettye Rees Research in association with Dr Edward Liew BSc(Hons)(Qld), Identification of macrofungi for Plant Pathology PhD(NSW) Education (of others) in Identification of macrofungi to increase expertise in Australia

Geoffrey Sainty Completion of Waterplants of Australia by Jacobs, Wilson and Sainty (by late DipAgr(WAC), 2011) GradDipExt(Hawkes) Completion of Estuary Plants of south-east Australia by Sainty and Jacobs in collaboration with Alan Millar and Karen Wilson

Phil Spence Continuance of current project – working with Edwin Wilson to breed cool- growing hybrids of high altitude Latouria-type New Guinea dendrobiums

John Thomson Continuance of current projects research on genetic architecture, phylogeny MSc, MAgrSc, PhD(Melb) and biology of the cosmopolitan bracken ferns of the genus Pteridium (Dennstaedtiaceae)

Edwin Wilson Continuance of current project – see ‘Phil Spence’ BSc(NSW)

Plant Science Page 67 Appendix C: REPRESENTATION ON EXTERNAL COMMITTEES Doug Benson Member, North Head Sanctuary Scientific Committee (Sydney Harbour Federation Trust); Member, National Trust Bush Management Advisory Committee; Member, Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area Advisory Committee, Member, Stakeholder Working Group for Sydney Harbour National Park Plan of Management Review 2009. Dr John Benson Member of IUCN International Committee on Ecosystem Risk Assessment; Member DECCW Vegetation Mapping Technical Working Group; Member of Steering Committee DECCW NSW North Coast Vegetation Classification; Member of Steering committee DECCW NSW Southern Tablelands NSW Vegetation Classification; Member of Wollemi Pine Recovery Team; Participant in IUCN Committee on Ecosystem Risk Assessment; Member of DECC NSW Biodiversity Strategy Priorities Committee. Dr Barbara Briggs (Honorary Research Associate) Committee Member, NSW Division of Australian & New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science (ANZAAS). Dr Elizabeth Brown Adjunct Lecturer, University of New England. Professor Carrick Chambers (Honorary Research Associate) Member Griffin Reserves Advisory Committee for Willoughby City Council; Patron, Walter Burley Griffin Society Inc.; Member, Florilegium Committee Royal Botanic Gardens Trust, Sydney. Dr Barry Conn Project Leader Pacific Region, of the European Union-sponsored African-Caribbean-Pacific (ACP_EU) Forest Network (FORENET) Program; Member of the Scientific Advisory Group for the ACP-EU project; Coordinator, Flora Malesiana Urticaceae Working Group; Member, Editorial Committee,Telopea; Dr Tim Entwisle Deputy Chair, Australian Academy of Science National Committee for Plant and Animal Sciences; Member, NSW Agricultural Scientific Collections Trust; Chair, Scientific Program Coordinator, International Botanical Congress 2011; Member, International Advisory Committee for Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Member, Macarthur Advisory Board (MACROC); Member, Hyde Park Master Plan Reference Committee; Member, Taxonomy Research & Information Network Steering Committee. Dr Kim Hamilton Adjunct Research Fellow, Environmental Futures Centre, Griffith University; Member, International Society for Seed Science; Member, ISHS Commission Plant Genetic Resources Peter Hind (Honorary Research Associate) Member, Management Committee, Vale of Avoca Recreational Reserve Trust; Leader, Society for Growing Australian Plants Fern Study Group. Dr Surrey Jacobs Adjunct Assoc. Professor, University of New England; Member, Wetlands Committee of Hawkesbury Nepean Catchment Management Authority. Dr Edward Liew Adjunct Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, The University of Sydney; Member, Wollemi Pine Conservation Management (Recovery) Team; Member, Phytophthora cinnamomi Threat Abatement Plan Working Group; Assessor, National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA).

Plant Science Page 68 Bob Makinson Member, NSW [Threatened Species] Scientific Committee; President, Australian Network for Plant Conservation Inc.; Member, Species Recovery Team for ; Member, Goobarragandra Valley Reserves Trust (Crown Lands Trust under Dept of Lands); Member, Wollemi Pine Conservation Management (Recovery) Team Dr Adam Marchant Member of Board of Directors, and of the Centenary Planning Committee, of the Workers’ Educational Association (Sydney); Member of the Genetics Society of Australasia Dr Amelia Martyn Member, Australian Society of Plant Scientists; Member, Women In Science Enquiry Network Program. Patricia Meagher Member, Wollemi Pine Conservation Management (Recovery) Team; Member, Phytophthora cinnamomi Threat Abatement Plan Working Group. Dr Peter Michael (Honorary Research Associate) Member, National Trust Bush Management Committee. Dr Alan Millar Editor-in-chief, Journal of the International Phycological Society - Phycologia; Deputy Chair, NSW Fisheries Scientific Committee, Fisheries Management Act; Adjunct Professor of University of New South Wales, University of Melbourne and James Cook University; Professorial Research Fellow, University of Wollongong; Chair – Research Advisory Group, Sapphire Coast Marine Discovery Centre; Member, International Organising Committee, International Phycological Congresses; Member, Nominations Committee, International Phycological Society; Member - International Marine Experts Group; Algal Consultant for International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN); Consultant for Conservation International, Washington DC; Chair, Research Advisory Group, Sapphire Coast Marine Discovery Centre Dr Cathy Offord Scientific Committee (Floriculture and Climate Change) International Horticulture Congress, 2010; Member, Wollemi Pine Conservation Management Committee Dr Ramsay Helen (Honorary Research Associate) Taxonomist and Honorary Associate in Biology at Macquarie University, Downing Herbarium [MQU]. Dr Maurizio Rossetto Member, IUCN/SSC Reintroduction Specialist Group; Adjunct Assoc. Professor, University of New England; Member, Fontainea oraria Recovery Team; Member, williamsianus Recovery Team; Member, Genetic Society of Australia; Member, The Society for Conservation Biology. Sheryl Saban Spokeswoman, Botanic Gardens Trust, Sydney. Leonie Stanberg Member, IUCN/SCC Cycad Specialist Group Dr Brett Summerell Member Executive Committee, Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria; Chair, Herbarium Information Systems Committee; Convenor, Taxonomy Australia; Member, Australian Museum, Research and Curation Advisory Committee; Member, Australian Biological Resources Study Advisory Committee; Chair, Management Committee, Atlas of Living Australia; Adjunct Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Sydney; Adjunct Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University.

Plant Science Page 69 John Thomson (Honorary Research Associate) Professor Emeritus, University of Sydney; Council Member, International Association of Pteridologists; Committee Member, International Bracken Group Dr Peter Weston Member, Editorial Advisory Board, Kew Bulletin; Vice President, Australian Systematic Botany Society; Chairman, Bushland Management Advisory Committee of Lane Cove Municipal Council; Chairman, Ira Butler Trophy Committee (a joint committee of the Orchid Society of New South Wales and the Australasian Native Orchid Society); Adjunct Assoc. Professor, University of New England. Karen Wilson Member of Australian Academy of Science National Committee for Data in Science; Secretary General for International Botanical Congress 2011; Convener, Global Plant Checklist Committee, International Organization for Plant Information; Member of IOPI Species Plantarum Committee; Adjunct Assoc. Professor, University of New England; Council member and member of Joyce W. Vickery Research Fund Committee, Linnean Society of New South Wales; Member of Board and Team, Species 2000; Member, Species 2000 Asia-Oceania Committee, Member, Editorial Advisory committee, Australian Systematic Botany' Dr Peter Wilson Adjunct Senior Lecturer, University of New England; Member, Committee of the Heads of Australian Herbaria Australian Plant Census Working Group; Member, DECCW’s Myrtle Rust Reference Group. Asssociate Editor, Australian Systematic Botany.

Plant Science Page 70 Appendix D: Research Grants

Grant funding to the Trust

Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS) Karen Wilson & Prof. Jeremy Bruhl (UNE) — Phylogeny, taxonomy and biology of Schoenus: A Cinderella of Australian Cyperaceae $150,000 (3rd year of a 3-year $300,000 grant)

Dr Darren Crayn, Dr Maurizio Rossetto, Dr Peter Weston, Dr John Conran (Uni Adelaide), A/Prof. Santiago Madriñan (Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia), Dr Henk van der Werff (Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis MI, USA) plus retirees Bernie Hyland & Bruce Gray (rainforest botanists CSIRO, Qld) — Integrating molecular and morphological data for generic delimitation and species identification in Lauraceae $150,000 (3rd year of a 3-year $300,000 grant)

Australian Flora Foundation Dr Amelia Martyn & John Siemon — Germination of Australian alpine species and implications in a changing climate $12,000 (1st year of a 2-year $24,000 grant)

Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water (DECCW) Dr Cathy Offord — Investigation of propagation techniques for the critically endangered shrub pauciflora (North Rothbury Persoonia) $15,801

Biodiversity & Conservation Assessment Section (BACS) North East Branch, DECCW Dr Edward Liew — Phytophthora sampling on Lord Howe Island $2,000

Hermon Slade Foundation Dr Maurizio Rossetto & Dr Peter Weston — Speciation in the Australian flora: testing explanatory hypotheses in and their allies $18,800 (2nd year of a 3-year $90,000 grant)

UK Millennium Commission Peter Cuneo & Dr Cathy Offord — Seed Quest NSW partnership to supply 250 seedbank collections per year of threatened species of NSW $277,000 (3rd year of 3-year $831,000 grant)

Friends of The Gardens

Research Grants Botanic Gardens Trust National Herbarium of NSW Internship Program $14,000

Dr Maurizio Rossetto — ‘Bicentenary Plant Diversity Project’ — Collect representative Australian flora, curate relevant herbarium section and conduct research on the association between climate gradients and genetic diversity $127,000 (2nd year of a 4-year $510,000 grant)

Scientific Travel Scholarships Dr Peter Weston — attendance at the VI Southern Connection Congress in Bariloche, Argentina, 15– 19 February $6,700

John Siemon — PlantBank study tour to the USA June $5,000

See Appendix J for other non-research travel scholarships

Margaret Flockton Award and Exhibition $10,000

Plant Science Page 71 Royal Botanic Gardens Foundation Dr Cathy Offord & Dr Kim Hamilton — ‘Rainforest Seed Project’ — Rainforest seeds research and conservation project $130,000 (2nd year of a 3-year $390,000 grant). Project funded by donations from Allianz and two private benefactors, Tony Maxwell and Robyn Godlee

Funding to Partner Organisations

Australian Research Council – Research Networks Macquarie University (administrative body) along with the Botanic Gardens Trust [B. Summerell, T. Entwisle, D. Crayn, P. Weston, M. Rossetto] and 40 other partners — Australian–New Zealand Research Network for vegetation function (5th year of sharing in $2,500,000 over 5 years)

Plant Science Page 72 Appendix E Overseas Travel

Name & Countries / Purpose of visit Duration Total Cost Cost to Source of Position Cities visited Trust Other Funds

Dr Peter Madagascar To participate as a botanical 11 to 30 $7,680 Nil Friends of the Gardens Weston, guide in the Friends of the September Senior Royal Botanic Gardens eco- 2009 Principal tour of Madagascar Research Scientist

Dr Tim Guangzhou, To attend the 80th 16 to 23 $4,000 Nil South China Botanical Entwisle, China anniversary celebrations for November Gardens/Chinese Academy Executive the South China Botanical 2009 of Sciences Director, BGT Garden in Guangzhou

Friends of the Gardens Dr Peter Chile and To attend field work 3 to 14 $6,646 Nil Weston, Argentina February Senior 2010 Principal th Research To participate in 6 15 to 19 Scientist Southern Connection February Congress 2010

To participate in botanical 20 February field collecting trip 2010

To visit the Facultad de 21 to 23 Ciencias Naturales y February Museo, Universidad 2010 Nacional de La Planta

Dr Brett Rio Cuarto, To participate in teaching 4 to 16 $5,000 Nil Universidad Nacional de Summerell, Argentina workshop on the fungus March 2010 Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Director Fusarium Argentina Science and Public Programs, BGT

HSBC Dr Karen Singapore To provide training to 11 to 17 $4,190 Nil Sommerville, participants of Certificate in March 2010 Scientific Horticultural Management, Officer, Botanic Gardens Horticultural Conservation International Research, Mount Annan Botanic Garden

Plant Science Page 73 Name & Countries / Purpose of visit Duration Total Cost Cost to Source of Position Cities visited Trust Other Funds

John Siemon, San Francisco, To conduct a study tour of 8 to 24 June $10,000 Nil Friends of the Gardens Science Washington DC, similar facilities in the USA 2010 Faciities New York, to enable BGT to build Coordinator Chicago, St Louis, PlantBank, a world class Texas, Los facility for plant Angeles, United conservation, education and States of America research

Dr Barry Papua New To complete field work, train 14 June to 9 $8,500 Nil FORENET ACP-EU Project Conn, Guinea researchers in the use of July 2010 Principle the electronic database that Research rovides the backbone to the Scientist identification tools and to attend meetings regarding future directions of the projects in his role as Scientific Advisory Group Member for FORENET ACP-EU program in Papua New Guinea

Plant Science Page 74 Appendix F: COOPERATIVE RESEARCH Dr Chris Allen • Floristic composition of the Liverpool Plains grassland with Namoi CMA. • NSW Vegetation Classification and Assessment database project with all other DECC Dr Alan Archer • Chemotaxonomy of species of the lichen family Graphidaceae & the genus Pertusaria with Prof. J.A. Elix of the Australian National University. Doug Benson • Assessment of 1770 native vegetation, historic Cook landing site, Kurnell with G • Eldershaw (Parks & Wildlife Div. DEC) • Vegetation of Blackwood Reserve, with D. Picone National Trust of Australia Dr John Benson • NSW Vegetation Classification and Assessment database project with all other DECC divisions and district offices, DPI, CMAs and individual experts. • IUCN Ecosystem risk assessment criteria with international expert panel through the IUCN Commission of Ecosystem Management. Dr Barbara Briggs • Phylogeny and classification of Restionaceae with Prof. H.P. Linder, Zurich University, Switzerland. • Phylogeny of restiid clade of Poales (Restionaceae, Centrolepidaceae, Anarthriaceae) with A.D. Marchant and A.J. Perkins, Western Australian Herbarium. • Typification of Restionaceae species with R.L. Barrett, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Perth. • Reproductive morphology of Hydatellaceae with Dr P.J. Rudall, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Dr. D.D. Sokoloff and Dr. M.V. Remizowa, Moscow State University. • Monocot Tree of Life Project with Prof. T.J. Givnish, University of Wisconsin and Dr. J. Leebens-Mack, University of Georgia, USA. Dr Elizabeth Brown • Systematics of Asterella (Aytoniaceae) with Dr C. Cargill, Centre for Plant Diversity, Canberra. • Molecular phylogeny and systematics of Fossombronia in NSW with W. Cuddy, H. McPherson and with Dr. C. Cargill, Centre for Plant Diversity, Canberra. • Bryoflora of New Caledonia with Dr Jérôme Munzinger, IRD, Noumea. • IBISCA Queensland and SANTO2006, an international project to study biodiversity. • Horizontal gene transfer between bryophytes and Amborella with Prof. Jeffrey Palmer and Dr Eric Knox of Indiana University. • Systematics of the Leucopogon s.lat. complex with M. Hislop, WA Herbarium and Prof. D.Crayn, Director Australian Tropical Herbarium Professor Carrick Chambers • Classification and description of a new species of fern in the genus Blechnum recently collected in mountain areas near Mt Jaya in eastern Papuasia in collaboration with P. Edwards and R. Johns at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, England. Dr Barry Conn • Phylogeny of Prostanthera (Lamiaceae) with Trevor Wilson and Dr Murray Henwood (both University of Sydney). • Phylogeny of Chloantheae (Lamiaceae) with Murray Henwood (University of Sydney) • Phylogeny of Urticaceae with Dr Chris Quinn, Julisasi T. Hadiah (Kebun Raya Indonesia) • Systematics of Urticaceae in Indonesia and Malaysia with Dr Julisasi T. Hadiah (Kebun Raya Indonesia) • Systematics of Loganiaceae with Kerry Gibbons and Murrray Henwood (both University of Sydney) • Systematics of Drosera peltata complex (Droseraceae) with Robert Gibson (DECCW) and Jeremy Bruhl (University of New England) • Review of Verbena in Australia with Dr Peter Michael

Plant Science Page 75 • Guide to trees of Papua New Guinea with Kipiro Damas (Papua New Guinea National Herbarium) Dr Tim Entwisle • Molecular systematics, biology and biogeography of freshwater red algae with Dr M. Vis (USA), Dr Alison Sherwood (USA) and Dr Orlando Necchi Jr (Brazil). Dr Kim Hamilton • Screening seeds of rainforest species for desiccation tolerance and correlative traits with Dr Cathy Offord (Manger Horticultural Research, BGT) and Peter Cuneo (Manager NSW Seedbank, BGT) • Analysis of seed oils of eastern Australian rainforest species with Dr Myrna Deseo (Southern Cross University) • Development of complementary conservation technologies (e.g. cryopreservation) for seeds of eastern Australian rainforest species with Dr Sarah Ashmore (Griffith University) and Dr Cathy Offord (BGT) • Effects of natural distribution of Australian wild citrus on phase transition of seed oils and cryopreservation with Dr Sarah (Griffith University), Prof. Hugh Pritchard (Seed Conservation Department, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew UK) Ken Hill and Leonie Stanberg • The Cycad Pages Internet site with Dr D. Stevenson, New York Botanical Garden, USA. • Taxonomy of Asian cycads with A. Lindstrom, Nong Nooch Tropical Garden,Sattahip, Thailand. • Systematics of the genus Cycas. Dr Surrey Jacobs • Macrophytes as indicators of stream health with G. Sainty, Sainty and Associates. • Aponogetonaceae, Hydrocharitaceae and Menyanthaceae with D. Les, University of Connecticut, USA. • Nymphaeaceae with Drs T. Borsch, Germany, Khidir Hilu, Virginia, USA, and C.B. Hellquist, North Adams, Massachusetts, USA. • Chenopodiaceae with Dr G. Kadereit, Prof. H. Freitag, Germany. Dr Edward Liew • Fusarium wilt of snow peas in Australia with Andrew Watson, Yanco Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries. • Pathogen population structure, disease incidence and management of black pepper wilt in Vietnam with Professor Lester Burgess, The University of Sydney. • Fungal endophytes of cocoa (defensive mutualists or antagonistic parasites) with Professor David Guest, The University of Sydney. • Biology and management of nut rot of chestnut in Australia with Professor David Guest, The University of Sydney. • Evolutionary and pathogenic potential of Fusarium oxysporum from native soil and endophytic associations in Australia with Professor Lester Burgess, The University of Sydney. • Can remote sensing and ecological modelling be used to assess potential impact of Phytophthora cinnamomi? Project collaboration with Prof. David Guest, The University of Sydney and Dr Dan Ramp, University of NSW Bob Makinson • Taxonomy of Astrotricha with M.J. Henwood, University of Sydney, monograph and Flora of Australia treatment. • Phylogeny of Proteaceae tribe Grevilleeae, with Austin Mast, University of Florida, USA. Dr Adam Marchant • Relationship of Australian Restionaceae with Dr B. Briggs, Botanic Gardens Trust. • Relationships of South East Asian Theaceae species, with Dr G. Orel, UWS; R. Cherry,and J. Rob, Paradise Plants wholesale nursery, Kulnura; A. Curry, TAFE Richmond; Prof. Gao. Fuyang Research Institute of Sub-Tropical Forestry, China; Prof. L. Legendre, Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées aux Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Université Jean Monnet, Saint Etiene, France; Prof. C. Parks, Uni. Of North Carolina, USA; Prof. Tran, Hanoi University, Viet Nam.

Plant Science Page 76 Dr Amelia Martyn and Dr Cathy Offord • Research on seed dormancy in Rutaceae species with Dr Tony Auld and Dr Mark Ooi, NSW Department of Environment and Conservation. • Seed longevity studies for Australian species with Dr R. Probert (Millennium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew) and Australian Seed Conservation and Research (AuSCaR) partners. • Germination and dormancy breaking for Australian species with Australian Seed Conservation and Research (AuSCaR) partners. Dr Alan Millar • DNA research on Sporochnales with Nick Yee, Dr G.T. Kraft, University of Melbourne and Dr Adam Marchant. • Systematics of coralline algae of the east coast of Australia with Dr Wm J. Woelkerling, La Trobe University, Victoria. • New Zealand representatives of the red algal family Delesseriaceae with Dr W. Nelson, Museum of New Zealand, Wellington. • Marine floristics of East African coast with Prof. E. Coppejens and Dr O. De Clerck, University of Gent, Belgium. • Biogeographical similarities between South Africa and eastern Australia with Prof. J. Bolton, University of Cape Town. • Invertebrate epifauna of macroalgae with Dr G. Wilson and Dr D. Faith, Australian Museum. • DNA research on the red algal genus Laurencia with Yola Metti and Prof. P. Steinberg, University of New South Wales. • DNA research on Laurencia from Taiwan (with Yola Metti and Showe-Mei Linn); from the Mediterranean (with Yola Metti and Professors Cormaci and Furnari, University of Catania, Sicily, Italy); and from New Zealand (with Yola Metti and Wendy Nelson, NIWA). • Systematics of the red macroalgal family Ceramiaceae with Dr O. De Clerck, University of Gent, Belgium. Dr Cathy Offord • Rainforest Seed Project, with Dr Sarah Ashmore, Griffith University, Qld. • Lipid characterization of Araucariaceae seeds with Dr C. Duke and Dr R. Duke, University of Sydney. • Ecophysiology of Wollemi pine with Professor David Tissue, University of Western Dr Chris Quinn • Systematics and biogeography of the Vittadinia group of Astereae (Asteraceae) with Dr T.K. Lowrey, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA. • A morphological and molecular systematic reassessment of Monotoca (Ericaceae: Stypheliodeae) with Dr D. Albrecht, Alice Springs Herbarium, Alice Springs. • A systematic reassessment of generic concepts among Epacris and its allies (Ericaceae: Styphelioideae) with Dr R.K. Crowden, University of Tasmania. Dr Helen Ramsay • Revision of the moss family Bruchiaceae for the Flora of Australia with Dr Rod Seppelt, Tasmanian Herbarium. Dr Matt Renner • Systematics of New Zealand Porella (Porellaceae: Jungermanniopsida) with Dr David Glenny (Landcare Research Ltd, New Zealand). • Revision of the genus Siphonolejeunea (Lejeuneaceae: Jungermanniopsida with David Glenny (Landcare Research Ltd, New Zealand) and Dr Peter J. de Lange (Department of Conservation, New Zealand). • The bryophyte flora of the Kermadec Islands with Drs Peter de Lange (DoC), Allan Fife, David Glenny, Jessica Beever (Landcare Research), and John Braggins (Auckland Museum). • Global liverwort checklist, with Dr Matt von Konrat (Field Museum, Chicago) and 35 other international collaborators. • Early Land Plants Today project, with Dr Matt von Konrat, Anders Hagborg (both Field Museum, Chicago), Dr Lars Soderstrom (Norwegian University of Science and Technology).

Plant Science Page 77 • Phylogeny of the genus Radula (Radulaceae: Jungermanniopsida) with Dr Nicolas Devos (Duke University). • Revision of Australian Radula with Drs Elizabeth Brown, Nicolas Devos (Duke University), Matt von Konrat (Field Museum, Chicago). • ALA-Liverworts with Dr Chris Cargill (convenor -- National Botanic Gardens, Canberra) and others. Dr Maurizio Rossetto • Developing biogeographic know-how: improving species divergence and dispersal estimations to examine geological and climatic evolutionary drivers, with Prof. A. Lowe (University of Adelaide), Prof. D.M. Crayn (James Cook University), M.S. Pole (UQ), D. Lambert (Massey University, NZ) and P.M. Hollingsworth (Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh). • Speciation in the Australian flora: testing explanatory hypotheses in waratahs and their allies, with P. Weston, M. Baum and Assoc. Prof. M. Crisp (ANU). • Phylogeographic studies on Elaeocarpus in northern Queensland, with A. Ford (CSIRO Atherton) and Prof. D. Crayn (James Cook University). • Understanding the relationship between trait variation and environmental variables in Australian rainforests, with R. Kooyman, Prof. M. Westoby (Macquarie University) • Conservation genomics and transcriptomics – a pilot project on rainforest trees, with Prof. R. Henry and N. Rice (SCU). • Variability theory - new applications for Shannon’s index, with Assoc. Prof. W. Sherwin (UNSW). • Speciation in native orchids, with M. Whitehead and Prof. R. Peakall (ANU). • Genetic diversity in fragmented populations of Davidsonia (Cunoniaceae), with Prof. R. Henry and F. Elliot (SCU). • Plant Science Page 71 • Population and conservation genetics of Elaeocarpus holopetalus (Elaeocarpaceae), with Prof. C. Gross (UNE). • Breeding system, diversity and fitness in a rare lilly pilly, with K. Shields and Assoc. Prof. W. Sherwin (UNSW). Dr Brett Summerell • Genetics and taxonomy of Fusarium with Professor John Leslie, Kansas State University. • Biosystematics of fungi on Proteaceae and Myrtaceae with Professor Pedro Crous, CBS Netherlands. Dr Peter Weston • Systematics, biogeography and comparative biology of the Proteaceae with Associate Prof. N.P. Barker, Rhodes University, South Africa, Ms Melita Baum, Australian National University, Associate Prof. Peter Bernhardt, St Louis University, USA, Associate Prof. J.J. Bruhl, University of New England, Dr D.J. Cantrill, Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, Dr H. Citerne, Université Paris-Sud 11 (Orsay), France, Prof. M.D. Crisp, Australian National University, Mr A. Ford, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Atherton,, Dr G.J. Jordan, University of Tasmania, Dr A.R. Mast, Florida State University, USA, Dr D. Murphy, Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne, Dr M. Rossetto (RBG&DT), Dr H. Sauquet, Université Paris-Sud 11 (Orsay), France, Ms M. Stimpson, University of New England. • Systematics, biogeography and comparative biology of the () with Dr M.A. Clements, CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, Dr A.J. Perkins, Royal Botanic Gardens Trust, Mr J.O. Indsto, Forensic Science Services Branch, New South Wales Police and Dr R. Peakall, Australian National University • Integrating molecular and morphological data for generic delimitation and species identification in Lauraceae, with Dr M. van der Merwe, Dr M. Rossetto (RBG&DT) and Prof. D.M. Crayn, Australian Tropical Herbarium,. • Floral development in the Calycanthaceae, with Mr Y.M.. Staedler and Prof. P.K. Endress, University of Zurich, Switzerland. • Phylogeny of the Winteraceae, with Associate Prof. J.J. Bruhl, University of New England, Mr A. Ford, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Atherton, Ms N. Thomas, University of New England. • Phylogeny of the Goodeniaceae with Dr S.L. Krauss, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Perth.

Plant Science Page 78 • Assembly of Southern Floras, with Working Group 18 of the ARC-NZ Research Network for Vegetation Function, Macquarie University. • Evolutionary history of the Eastern Mesic Biome with the ARC Environmental Futures Network, University of Adelaide. Karen Wilson • • Systematic studies in Juncaceae with Assoc.Prof. J. Bruhl, University of New England • and Dr J. Hodgon, Qld National Parks & Wildlife Service. • • Systematic studies in Abildgaardieae (Cyperaceae) with Assoc. Prof. J. Bruhl, University • of New England, Dr K. Clarke and Dr K. Ghamkhar, University of Western Australia. • • Systematics of Carpha (Cyperaceae) with Assoc. Prof. J. Bruhl, University of New • England and Dr Xiufu Zhang. • • Systematics of Lepidosperma (Cyperaceae) with Assoc. Prof. J. Bruhl, University of New • England, Dr J. Hodgon, Qld National Parks & Wildlife Service and R. Barrett, Kings Park • and Botanic Garden, Perth. • • Spikelet structure in Cyperaceae, with Dr J. Richards, Florida International • University, Florida and Assoc. Prof. J. Bruhl, University of New England. • • Systematics of Schoenoplectus sens. lat. with Dr A. Muasya, University of Cape Town, • Assoc. Prof. J. Bruhl, University of New England, et al. • • Systematic studies in tribe Schoeneae with Assoc. Prof. J. Bruhl, Dr A Gibbs and P • Musili, University of New England, Dr J. Hodgon, Qld National Parks & Wildlife Service, • Drs A. Muasya & A.Verboom, University Cape Town. Dr Peter Wilson • Systematics of the Indigofera pratensis complex with Dr A. Kazandjian, Simon Bolivar University, Caracas, Venezuela. • Relationships and generic concepts in the tribe Chamelaucieae, particularly Baeckea sens. lat. and Micromyrtus, with Dr B.L. Rye and Mr M. Trudgen, Western Australian Herbarium. • Relationships and generic concepts in the Verticordia/Darwinia/Chamelaucium group with Dr M.D. Barrett, Kings Park and Botanic Garden; and Dr L.M. Copeland, University of New England. • Systematics, phylogeny, and biogeographical affinities of the Indo-Pacific species of Eugenia (Myrtaceae) with Dr N. Snow, Bishop Museum, Hawaii. • Systematics of the genus Tristaniopsis (Myrtaceae) in Borneo with Berhaman Ahmad, Universiti Malaysia Sabah.

Plant Science Page 79 Scientific Publications 2009-10

Amata, R.L., Burgess, L.W., Summerell, B.A., Bullock, S., Liew, E.C.Y. & Smith- White, L. (2010) An emended description of Fusarium brevicatenulatum and F. pseudoanthophilum based on isolates recovered from millet in Kenya. Fungal Diversity 43(1): 11-25. doi 10.1007/s13225-010-0019-3

Archer, A.W. (2009) Platythecium nothofagi (A.W. Archer) A.W. Archer, a new combination in the Australian Graphidaceae. Australasian Lichenology 65: 40-41

Archer, A.W. & Elix, J.A. (2009) A new species, new combination and new report in the Australian Graphidaceae. Australasian Lichenology 65: 24-29

Archer, A.W. & Elix, J.A. (2009) New taxa and new reports of Australian Pertusaria (lichenised Ascomycota, Pertusariaceae). Australasian Lichenology 65: 30-39

Barrett, R.L., & Briggs, B.G. (2009) Lectotypification of ten Restionaceae species names from south-west Western Australia. Nuytsia 19: 203-209.

Barrett, L.G., Thrall, P.H., Dodds, P.N., Van Der Merwe M., Linde C.C., Lawrence G.H. & Burdon J.J. (2009) Diversity and evolution of effector loci in natural populations of the plant pathogen Melampsora lini. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 26(11): 2499-2513. doi:10.1093/molbev/msp166.

Benson, J.S., Richards, P. & Waller, S. (2009) New South Wales Vegetation Classification and Assessment: Part 3 Plant communities in the Brigalow Belt South, Nandewar and western New England Bioregions: Version 3 of the NSWVCA database. Report to Natural Heritage Trust.

Benson, D. & von Richter, L. (2010) Recent ecological observations on growth rates and seed production in Isopogon rostratus (Proteaceae), a little-known prostrate shrub from south-eastern NSW and Victoria. Cunninghamia 11(3): 283-286.

Benson, D. & Picone, D. (2009) Monitoring vegetation change over 30 years: lessons from an urban bushland reserve in Sydney. Cunninghamia 11(2): 195-202.

Briggs, B.G. & Linder, H. P. (2009) A new subfamilial and tribal classification of Restionaceae (Poales). Telopea 12(3): 333-345.

Cheewangkoon, R., Groenewald, J.Z., Summerell, B.A., Hyde, K.D., To-anun, C. & Crous, P.W. (2009) Myrtaceae, a cache of fungal biodiversity. Persoonia 23: 55-85.

Cochrane, A. Crawford A.D. and Offord, C.A. (2009) Chapter 3. Seed and vegetative material collection. In Plant Germplasm Conservation in Australia. Strategies and Guidelines for developing, managing and utilising ex situ collections. Ed. Offord, C.A. and Meagher, P.F. Fully Revised Edition. Australian Network for Plant Conservation Inc., Canberra. 28 pp.

Conn, B.J., Streiber, N., Brown, E.A., Henwood, M.J. & Olmstead, R.G. (2009) Infrageneric phylogeny of Chloantheae (Lamiaceae) based on chloroplast ndhF and nuclear ITS sequence data. Australian Systematic Botany 22(4): 243–256. doi 10.1071/SB09011

Plant Science Page 80 Conn, B.J. & Hadiah, J.T. (2009). Nomenclature of tribes within the Urticaceae. Kew Bulletin 64: 349–352. doi 10.1007/s12225-009-9108-4

Hadiah, J.T. & Conn, B.J. (2009). Usefulness of morphological characters for infrageneric classification of Elatostema (Urticaceae). Blumea 54: 181–191. doi 10.3767/000651909X476139

Conn, B.J. & Hadiah, J.T. (2010). Impact of climate change on distribution of Elatostema (Urticaceae) in Indonesia. pp. 31–39. Prosiding Konservasi Flora Indonesia dalam mengatasi dampak pemanasan global. Kebun Raya Indonesia, Bogor.

Cornwell, C.P. & Lassak, E.V. (2010) Camphor in Commercial and Potentially Commercial Oils of Eucalyptus Species and other Myrtaceae. Journal of Essential Oil Research 22: 59-65.

Crous, P.W., Summerell, B.A., Carnegie, A.J., Wingfield, M.J., Hunter, G.C., Burgess, T.I., Angjic, V., Barber, P.A., Groenewald, J.Z. (2009) Unravelling Mycosphaerella: do you believe in genera? Persoonia 23: 99-118.

Crous, P.W., Summerell, B.A., Carnegie, A.J., Wingfield, M.J. & Groenewald, J.Z. (2009) Novel species of Mycosphaerellaceae and Teratosphaeriaceae. Persoonia 23: 119-146.

Frith, A., Offord, C.A. & Martyn, A.J. (2009) To bag or not to bag? The effect of different collection methods on seed germination of Zieria arborescens ssp. arborescens Sim. Ecological Management & Restoration 10(3): 238-241.

Gillespie, L.J., Soreng, R.J. & Jacobs, S.W.L. (2009) Phylogenetic relationships of Australian Poa (Poaceae: Poinae), including molecular evidence for two new genera, Saxipoa and Sylvipoa. Australian Systematic Botany 22(6): 413-436.

Hill, K.D. & Stanberg, L.C. (2009) Notes on Cycas truncata de Laub. and related matters. Telopea 12(3): 447-450.

Hamilton, K.N., Turner, S.R. and Ashmore S.E. (2009) Chapter 7. Cryopreservation. In Plant Germplasm Conservation in Australia. Strategies and Guidelines for developing, managing and utilising ex situ collections. Ed. Offord, C.A. and Meagher, P.F. Fully Revised Edition. Australian Network for Plant Conservation Inc., Canberra. 13 Pp.

Hamilton, K.N (2009) Case Study 7.1 Seed cryopreservation of Australian wild citrus - Australia’s unique wild citrus diversity. In Plant Germplasm Conservation in Australia. Strategies and Guidelines for developing, managing and utilising ex situ collections. Ed. Offord, C.A. and Meagher, P.F. Fully Revised Edition. Australian Network for Plant Conservation Inc., Canberra. Pp 143-144.

Hamilton, K.N., Ashmore, S.E. & Pritchard, H.W. (2009) Thermal analysis and cryopreservation of seeds of Australian wild Citrus species (Rutaceae): Citrus australasica, C. inodora and C. garrawayi. Cryoletters 30(4): 268-279.

Harvey, A.S., Woelkerling, Wm.J., & Millar, A. J. K. (2009) The genus Lithophyllum (Lithophylloideae, Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta) in south-eastern Australia, with the description of L. riosmenae, sp. nov. Australian Systematic Botany 22(4): 296–317.

Plant Science Page 81 Heslewood, M, Porter, C., Avino, M., Rossetto, M. (2009) Isolation and characterization of nuclear microsatellite loci in Ceratopetalum apetalum (Cunoniaceae). Molecular Ecology Resources 9: 566-568.

Iwatsuki, Z., Ramsay, H.P., & Fife, A.J. (2009) A new genus Austrohondaella (Bryopsida, Hypnaceae) from Australasia. Telopea 12(3): 371-384.

Iwatsuki, Z. & Ramsay, H.P. (2009) The genera Isopterygium Mitt. (Bryopsida, Hypnaceae) and Isoterygiopsis (Hedw.) Z.Iwats. (Bryopsida, Plagiotheciaceae) in Australia. Telopea 12(3): 371-384.

Jacobs, S.W.L. & Les, D.H. (2009) New combinations in Zostera (Zosteracaeae). Telopea 12(3): 419-423.

Kodela, P. (2009) Orzya nivara in Australia? Telopea 12(3): 443-444.

Kooyman, R.M., Cornwell, W. & Westoby, M. (2010) Plant functional traits in Australian sub-tropical rain forest: partitioning within community from cross- landscape variation. Journal of Ecology 98: 517-525.

Kooyman, R.M. & Westoby, M. (2009) Costs of height gain in rainforest saplings: main stem scaling, functional traits and strategy variation across 75 species. Annals of Botany 104: 987-993.

Lindstrom, A.J., Hill, K.D. & Stanberg, L.C. (2009) The genus Cycas (Cycadacaeae) in Indonesia. Telopea 12(3): 385-418.

Lücking, R., Archer, A.W. & Aptroot, A. (2009) A world-wide key to the genus Graphis ( Ostropales: Graphidaceae). The Lichenologist, Volume 41, Issue 4: pp. 363-452.

Martyn A.J., Merritt, D.J. & Turner, S.R. (2009) Chapter 4. Seed Banking. In Plant Germplasm Conservation in Australia. Strategies and Guidelines for developing, managing and utilising ex situ collections. Ed. Offord, C.A. and Meagher, P.F. Fully Revised Edition. Australian Network for Plant Conservation Inc., Canberra. 20 pp.

Martyn, A.J., Seed, L.U., Ooi, M.K.J., & Offord, C.A. (2009) Seed fill, viability and germination of NSW species in the family Rutaceae. Cunninghamia 11(2): 203-213.

Mellick, R., Porter, C. & Rossetto, M. (2009) Isolation and characterisation of polymorphic microsatellite loci from Podocarpus elatus (Podocarpaceae). Molecular Ecology Resources 9(6): 1460-1466. [Molecular Ecology Resources Primer Development Consortium (2009) Permanent genetic resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources database 1 May – 31 July 2009. Molecular Ecology Resources 9(6): 1460-1466.]

Mellick, R., Rossetto, M. et al. (2009). Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 May 2009-31 July 2009. Molecular Ecology Resources 9(6): 1460-1466.

Messuti, M.I. & Archer, A.W. (2009) Cuanto taxones pueden incluirse teóreticamente en el género Pertusaria Glalia 2(3): 1-9 (2009).

Plant Science Page 82 Offord, C.A. & Makinson, R.O. (2009) Chapter 1. Introduction. In Plant Germplasm Conservation in Australia. Strategies and Guidelines for developing, managing and utilising ex situ collections. Ed. Offord, C.A. and Meagher, P.F. Fully Revised Edition. Australian Network for Plant Conservation Inc., Canberra. 9 pp.

Offord, C.A. & Makinson R.O. (2009) Chapter 2. Options and major considerations for germplasm conservation. In Plant Germplasm Conservation in Australia. Strategies and Guidelines for developing, managing and utilising ex situ collections. Ed. Offord, C.A. and Meagher, P.F. Fully Revised Edition. Australian Network for Plant Conservation Inc., Canberra. 20 pp.

Offord, C.A., Bunn, E., Turner, S.R., Sommerville, K.D., Siemon, J. & Ashmore, S.E. (2009) Chapter 6. Tissue Culture. In Plant Germplasm Conservation in Australia. Strategies and Guidelines for developing, managing and utilising ex situ collections. Ed. Offord, C.A. and Meagher, P.F. Fully Revised Edition. Australian Network for Plant Conservation Inc., Canberra. 18 pp.

Offord, C.A. & North T. (2009) Chapter 8. Living Plant Collections. In Plant Germplasm Conservation in Australia. Strategies and Guidelines for developing, managing and utilising ex situ collections. Ed. Offord, C.A. and Meagher, P.F. Fully Revised Edition. Australian Network for Plant Conservation Inc., Canberra. 13 pp.

Offord, C.A. (2008).Effects of temperature on pollen viability and flower opening in waratah (Telopea speciosissima R.Br.). Acta Horticulturae 805: 99-106.

Offord, C.A. (2008).Low fruit and seed set of waratah (Telopea speciosissima R.Br.: implications for breeding. Acta Horticulturae 805: 93-98.

Orel, G & Wilson, P.G. (2010) A New Species of Camellia Sect. Stereocarpus (Theaceae) from Vietnam. Novon 20(2):198-202. doi 10.3417/2008096

Orel, G. & Wilson, P.G. (2010) Camellia luteocerata sp. nov. and a new section of Camellia (Dalatia) from Vietnam. Nordic Journal of Botany 28(3): 280–284.

Pinaria, A.G., Liew, E.C.Y., & Burgess, L.W. (2010) Fusarium species associated with vanilla stem rot in Indonesia. Australian Plant Pathology 39: 176-183.

Ramsay, H. (2009) Chromosome numbers in some mosses from New Zealand. Telopea 12(3): 425-438.

Rees, B.J., Cracknell, R., Marchant, A. & Orlovich, D.A. (2009) A near-fatal case consistent with mushroom poisoning due to Amanita species. Australasian Mycologist 28(1): 23-28.

Renner, M.A.M., Brown, E.A., & Wardle, G.M. (2009) Evidence for species recognition on the basis of a single specimen: Nephelolejeunea carcharis sp. nov. (Lejeuneaceae: Jungermanniopsida). Systematic Botany 34(4): 615-624.

Rossetto, M, Crayn, D. Ford, A., Mellick, R. & Sommerville, K. (2009) The influence of environment and life-history traits on the distribution of genes and individuals: a comparative study of 11 rainforest trees. Molecular Ecology 18: 1422- 1438.

Plant Science Page 83 Seier, M.K., Morin, L. Van Der Merwe, M., Evans, H.C, & Romero, A. (2009) Are the microcyclic rust species Puccinia melampodii and P. xanthii conspecific? Mycological Research 113: 1271-1282. doi 10.1016/j.mycres.2009.08.009

Soreng , R. J., Gillespie, L.J., & Jacobs, S. W. L. (2009) Australian Saxipoa and Sylvipoa – two new genera and a new classification for Australian Poa (Poaceae: Poinae). Systematic Botany 22(6) 401–412. doi 10.1071/SB09003

Solokov, D.D., Remizowa, M.V., Briggs, B.G. & Ruddall, P.J. (2009) Shoot architecture and branching pattern in perennial Hydatellaceae (Nymphaeales). International Journal of Plant Science 170: 869-884.

Truong, N.V., Liew, E.C.Y., & Burgess, L.W. (2010) Characterisation of Phytophthora capsici isolates from black pepper in Vietnam. Fungal Biology 114: 160-170.

Van der Merwe, M, Christina, J. & Rossetto, M. (2009) Microsatellite loci for a new Australian endemic plant species Erythroxylum sp. 'Cholmondely Creek' (J.R.Clarkson 9367) (Erythroxylaceae). Conservation Genetics Resources 1: 329- 331. doi 10.1007/s12686-009-9076-x.

Walker, J. & Van Der Merwe, M.M. (2009) Two previously undescribed rusts of Acanthocarpus and Lomandra (Lomandraceae) in Australia. Australasian Plant Pathology 38: 525-532. doi 10.1071/AP09038

Walsh, J.L., Laurence, M.H., Liew, E.C.Y., Sangalaaang, A.E., Burgess, L.W., Summerell, B.A. & Petrovic, T. (2010) Fusarium: two endophytic novel species from tropical grasses of northern Australia. doi 10.1007/s13225-010-0035-3

Waters, C.M., Melville, G. & Jacobs, S.W.L. (2009) Association of five Austrodanthonia species (family Poaceae) with large and small scale environmental features in central western New South Wales. Cunninghamia 11(1): 65-80.

General Publications

Elkan, L. (2010) The Gardens reveals hidden art form. The Gardens 84: 15.

Entwisle, T. (2009) The complex life of sun-loving flowers The Gardens 82: 5

Entwisle, T. (2009) Update on the Grey-headed Flying Foxes in the Gardens. The Gardens 82: 18

Entwisle, T. (2009) New reasons to celebrate a shift in seasons. The Gardens 83: 5

Entwisle, T. (2010) More dangerous plants. The Gardens (Winter) 85: 5 Entwisle, T.E. (2010) Plants with hidden danger The Gardens (Autumn) 84:5.

Hamilton, K. (2009) Investigations on seed biology and cryopreservation in Australian rainforest citrus. International Organization of Citrus Virologists Newsletter, October pp. 6-8

Martyn, A. & Offord, C. (2009) Issues in Plant Conservation and Sustainable Utilisation – food for thought for future conservationists. BGT News, 1 July 2009.

Plant Science Page 84

Weston. P.H. (2010) Madagascar: a world of botanical wonders. The Gardens 84: 10-11.

Siemon, J. (2010) Australasian Plant Conservation 18(3): 36. Book Review: “The Bizarre and Incredible World of Plants by Wolfgang Stuppy, Rob Kesseler and Madeline Harley”.

Plant Science Page 85 Appendix H: Performance Indicators

No. of Herbarium Specimens Databased and Edited

120000

100000

80000

60000

40000

20000

0 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10

Scientific Publications (no.) Target 2009/10 - 65 publications

100

80

60

40

20

0 07/08 08/09 09/10

Plant Science Page 86 General Publications (no.) Target 2009/10 - 15 papers

15

10

5

0 07/08 08/09 09/10

Scientific Presentations Target 2009/10 - 40 Presentations

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 07/08 08/09 09/10

Community Talks Target 2009/10 - 35 Talks

50

40

30

20

10

0 07/08 08/09 09/10

Plant Science Page 87 New Taxa Described 25

20

15

10

5

0 07/08 08/09 09/10 Target

NSW (vascular) Non NSW only (vascular) NSW (non-vascular) Non NSW only (non-vascular)

Taxa Reassessed

40

30

20

10

0 07/08 08/09 09/10 Target

NSW (vascular) Non NSW only (vascular) NSW (non-vascular) Non NSW only (non-vascular)

Botanical Information Statistics

3500 100 90 3000 Inquiries 08/09 80 2500 70 Inquiries 09/10 2000 60 Response Rate 08/09 50 1500 Response Rate 09/10 40 1000 30 20 500 10 0 0 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Plant Science Page 88

Plant Disease Diagnostic Requests

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

Citation Indices

1200

1000

BGT 800 Benchmark

600

400

200 Indexed no. of times papers cited papers no. oftimes Indexed

0 Syst emat ic B o t any Ecolo gy Ho rt icult ural Research Pop ulat io n Genet ics Plant Pathology/M ycology

Plant Science Page 89

External Funds provided to Trust

1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

Externally funded grants awarded to trust and collaborations

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

Number of students supervised

45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

Plant Science Page 90

SCIENCE REPORT

Drosera sp; from Sandringham Rd, near Gingin, north of Perth Photo: Elizabeth Brown

2010