Rahway High School

Teacher ___Mr. Stephen Radler__AP World History______​ ​

Emergency School Closure Pacing Guide

These assignments will be counted towards your child’s grade in each subject area.

Please make sure that they are completed ONE DAY AT A TIME.

Course Title Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5

Unit 7 Vocabulary Unit 7 Vocabulary Guided Reading Guided Reading Unit 7 Packet (Located on Google (Located on Google (located on Google (located on Google (located on Google Classroom) Classroom.) Classroom) Classroom) Classroom) Numbers 1-12 Numbers 13-25

AP World Completely Completely Pages 753 - 761 Pages 761 - 768 Work on Topics defined; 3-5 bullets defined; 3-5 bullets #’s 1-8 #’s 1- 7 7.1 & 7.3 History

Make a copy of the Make a copy of the Use Freemanpedia document and add document and add Make a copy of the Make a copy of the and History Haven the definitions to the definitions to document and write document and write as well as your that copy; Share that copy; Share your notes under your notes under textbook and notes with me for credit with me for credit each topic. Share each topic. Share (links on Google with me for credit with me for credit Classroom)

1 Course Title Day 6 Day 7 Day 8 Day 9 Day 10

Unit 7 Packet Unit 7 Packet Guided Reading Crash Course Crash Course (located on Google (located on Google (located on Google World History World History Classroom) Classroom) Classroom) Worksheets Worksheets (located on Google (located on Google Work on Topics 7.4 Work on Topics 7.7 Pages 768 - 755 Classroom) Classroom) & 7.5 & 7.8 #’s 1- 3 AP World Imperialism & WWII & History Use Freemanpedia Use Freemanpedia WWI worksheets Communism and History Haven and History Haven Make a copy of the worksheets as well as your as well as your document and write Watch the video, textbook and notes textbook and notes your notes under fill out the guided Watch the video, (links on Google (links on Google each topic. Share notes fill out the guided Classroom) Classroom) with me for credit notes

Course Title Day 11 Day 12 Day 13 Day 14 Day 15

2

AP World Imperialism DBQ Imperialism DBQ Guided Reading Guided Reading Guided Reading (located on Google (located on Google (located on Google History Located on Google Located on Google Classroom) Classroom) Classroom) Classroom. Classroom. Pages 808 - 814 Pages 814 - 819 Pages 819 - 829 Read and analyze Write DBQ. #’s 1- 4 #’s 1- 6 #’s 1- 9 documents. Write Follow directions; the thesis statement be sure to include (20 minutes) all essential parts to Make a copy of the Make a copy of the Make a copy of the earn points document and write document and write document and write your notes under your notes under your notes under each topic. Share each topic. Share each topic. Share with me for credit with me for credit with me for credit

3 APWH Unit 7 Vocabulary

1 Alliance In , nations allied themselves with other nations to appear stronger and have help in case a nation was attacked. This system of alliances was a leading cause of World War I.

2 Casualties

3 Regime

4 Nationalism

5

6 Atrocity

7 Propaganda

8 Reparations

9 Chinese Revolution of 1911

10 Sick Man of Asia

11 Archduke Franz Ferdinand

12 No Man’s Land

13 Armenian Holocaust

14 Russian Revolution of 1905

4 15 Russian Revolution of 1917

16 (WWI)

17 Proposed by at the end of WWI. Nations would agree to meet and settle disputes peacefully. Members of the League could only suggest a course of action, not actually enforce it. It was an idea to prevent further wars like World War I

18

19

20 Winston Churchill

21 Franklin D. Roosevelt

22 Joseph Stalin

23 Harry S. Truman

24

25 Holocaust

26 D-Day

27 Balfour Declaration In 1917, the British government supported the establishment of a national home for the Jewish People in Palestine

28 Mandate System (WWI)

5 29 Hiroshima & Nagasaki

30 Indian National Conference

APWH Guided Reading Unit 7: World War I

Pages 753 - 761 1. Why was the Ottoman Empire referred to as the “sick man of Europe”? 2. Along with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, what were the long term (main) ? 3. Explain Nationalism 4. Explain System of alliances 5. What was the fighting in World War I like? 6. What was life at home like during the war? Life in ? Life in Africa? Life in the United States? 7. What was the October Revolution? 8. What were Wilson’s ?

Pages 761 - 768 1. What were some of the impacts of World War I? 2. What was the purpose of the League of Nations? 3. What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles? Were they fair? Explain. 4. What was Lenin’s New Economic Policy? 5. What caused severe inflation in Germany after the end of World War I? 6. Why were the Japanese quick to join the Allies in World War I? 7. Why did Chiang Kai-shek’s government fail to modernize China?

6 Pages 768 - 775 1. Mustafa Kemel: How did he try to modernize Turkey? 2. How did the Middle East change after World War I? 3. How did the British attempt to control the Middle East?

Unit 7 Packet

Topic 7.1 Shifting Power After 1900 Governance A variety of internal and external factors contribute to state formation, expansion, and decline. Governments maintain order through a variety of administrative institutions, policies, and procedures, and governments obtain, retain, and exercise power in different ways and for different purposes.

● The West dominated the global political order at the beginning of the 20th century, but both land-based and maritime empires gave way to new states by the century’s end. ● The older, land-based Ottoman, Russian, and Qing empires collapsed due to a combination of internal and external factors. These changes in Russia eventually led to the communist revolution.

Identify at least two reasons that led to the collapse of these governments:

Ottoman Empire

Russian Empire

7 Qing Dynasty in China

● States around the world challenged the existing political and social order, including the Mexican Revolution that arose as a result of the political crisis.

Topic 7.2 Causes of WWI Governance A variety of internal and external factors contribute to state formation, expansion, and decline. Governments maintain order through a variety of administrative institutions, policies, and procedures, and governments obtain, retain, and exercise power in different ways and for different purposes.

● The causes of World War I included imperialist expansion and competition for resources. In addition, territorial and regional conflicts combined with a flawed alliance system and intense nationalism to escalate the tensions into a global conflict.

Topic 7.3 Conducting WWI Technology and Innovation Human adaptation and innovation have resulted in increased efficiency, comfort, and security, and technological advances that have shaped human development and interactions with both intended and unintended consequences. ● World War I was the first . Governments used a variety of strategies, including political propaganda, art, media, and intensified forms of nationalism, to mobilize populations (both in the home countries and the colonies) for the purpose of waging war. ● New technology led to increased levels of wartime casualties.

Define Total War: ______

Explain why World War I can be considered a turning point in world history:

8 ______

Would you consider the World Wars to be total wars? Explain your reasoning. ______

______

Explain how each ideology obligated their peoples to mobilize/organize and wage war during the World Wars.

Ideology How do these ideologies encourage the need for warfare?

Fascism

Nationalism

Communism has a large emphasis on farming, which means there’s a great need for land to cultivate food. Therefore, communists feel the need to take land from others in order to meet this demand. Communism

Topic 7.4 Economies in the 9 Economics Systems As societies develop, they affect and are affected by the ways that they produce, exchange, and consume goods and services. ● Following World War I and the onset of the , governments began to take a more active role in economic life. Location Government Intervention Results Policy(ies)

USA

Fascist corporatist economy

Brazil & Mexico

● In the , the government-controlled the national economy through the Five Year Plans, often implementing repressive policies, with negative repercussions for the population.

Five Year Plans Great Leap Forward

Location

Dates There were a series of 13 plans, lasting in 5-year 1958 – 1962 increments from 1928 – 1991

Explain its purpose

10 Topic 7.5 Unresolved Tensions After WWI Governance A variety of internal and external factors contribute to state formation, expansion, and decline. Governments maintain order through a variety of administrative institutions, policies, and procedures, and governments obtain, retain, and exercise power in different ways and for different purposes.

● Between the two world wars, Western and Japanese imperial states predominantly maintained control over colonial holdings; in some cases, they gained additional territories through conquest or treaty settlement and in other cases faced anti-imperial resistance.

What was the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere? What territorial changes occurred? ______

Location How did the group/person challenge imperial rule?

Indian National Congress

Kwame Nkrumah

Topic 7.6 Causes of WWII Governance A variety of internal and external factors contribute to state formation, expansion, and decline. Governments maintain order through a variety of administrative institutions, policies, and procedures, and governments obtain, retain, and exercise power in different ways and for different purposes. ● The causes of World War II included the unsustainable peace settlement after World War I, the global economic crisis engendered by the Great Depression, continued imperialist aspirations, and especially the rise to power of fascist and totalitarian regimes that resulted in the aggressive militarism of under Adolf Hitler. 11

Topic 7.7 Conducting WWII Governance A variety of internal and external factors contribute to state formation, expansion, and decline. Governments maintain order through a variety of administrative institutions, policies, and procedures, and governments obtain, retain, and exercise power in different ways and for different purposes. ● World War II was a total war. Governments used a variety of strategies, including political propaganda, art, media, and intensified forms of nationalism, to mobilize populations (both in the home countries and the colonies or former colonies) for the purpose of waging war. Governments used ideologies, including fascism and communism to mobilize all of their state’s resources for war and, in the case of totalitarian states, to repress basic freedoms and dominate many aspects of daily life during the course of the conflicts and beyond.

In addition to employing certain ideologies, governments also used various strategies like speeches and art to intensify nationalism.

Nation: ​

Type of Media: ​

Audience: ​

12 Nation: ​

Type of Media: ​

Audience: ​

Nation:

Type of Media(originally produced):

Audience: ​

13 Define propaganda: ______

● New military technology and new tactics, including the atomic bomb, fire-bombing, and the waging of “total war” led to increased levels of wartime casualties.

How was this military technology used to improve warfare?

Tanks Tanks were used to scale difficult terrain and added protection to soldiers who ventured into enemy territory. They were also armed with heavy weaponry and could be used to kill the enemy or destroy the surroundings.

Airplanes

Atomic Bomb

Define/explain what this military tactic involves AND when it was used

14

Firebombing Intended to damage an area using fire-starting agents instead of just dropping bombs. This started during World War I but was more commonly used in World War II.

Topic 7.8 Mass Atrocities After 1900 Social Interactions and Organization The process by which societies group their members and the norms that govern the interactions between these groups and between individuals influence political, economic, and cultural institutions and organization. ● The rise of extremist groups in power led to the attempted destruction of specific populations, notably the Nazi killing of the in during World War II, and to other atrocities, acts of genocide, or ethnic violence

Dates Location

Perpetrators Victims

Ottoman Government Armenians

Causes Outcomes

15 Dates Location 1970s

Perpetrators Victims

Causes Outcomes

Dates Location Rwanda

Perpetrators Victims

Tutsi

Causes Outcomes

16

Dates Location 1920s &

Perpetrators Victims

Soviet Government Ukrainians

Causes Outcomes

Crash Course: Imperialism

1. When last we checked in, China was a thriving manufacturing power about to be overtaken by Europe but still heavily involved in ______, especially as an importer of silver from the Spanish Empire. Europeans had to use ______because they didn’t really produce anything else the Chinese wanted. 2. But then Europeans, especially the British, found something that the Chinese would buy: ______. 3. By the 1830s British free trade policy unleashed a flood of opium in China, which threatened China’s ______. 4. Commissioner Lin Zexu drafted a response that contained a memorable threat to cut off trade in “Rhubarb, ______… all valuable products of ours, without which foreigners could not live.” 5. So the Chinese made like ______, confiscating a bunch of British opium and chucking it into the ______.

17 6. The Treaty of , stated that Britain got and five other treaty ports, as well as the equivalent of ______in cash. Also, the Chinese basically gave up all to European “______,” wherein Europeans were subject to their laws, not Chinese laws. 7. You might think the result of this war would be a shift in the ______in Britain’s favor, but that wasn’t immediately the case. 8. In fact, the British were importing so much ______from China that the trade deficit actually ______more than $30 billion. 9. But eventually, after another war (and one of the most destructive civil rebellions in Chinese and possibly world history, the Taiping Rebellion) the situation was ______and Europeans, especially the British became the dominant ______in China. 10.Europeans had been involved in Africa since the 16th century when the Portuguese used their ______to take control of cities on coasts to set up their ______. 11.But in the second half of the 19th century, Europe suddenly and spectacularly succeeded at ______basically all of Africa. 12.The biggest reason that Europeans were able to extend their grasp over so much of the world was the same reason they wanted to do so in the first place: ______. 13.______played its part, of course: But it was mostly about controlling the means of production. 14.Europeans wanted colonies to secure sources of raw materials, especially ______, copper, ______, and rubber, that were used to fuel their growing industrial economies. 15.And in addition to providing the motive for ______, European industrialization also provided the means. 16.First, ______made it possible for Europeans to travel inland bringing supplies and personnel via Africa’s navigable rivers. 17.Even more important was ______, sometimes in the form of tonic water mixed into refreshing, quintessentially British gin and tonics. 18.But, of course, the most important technology that enabled Europeans to dominate Africa was ______. By the 19th century, European gun technology had improved dramatically, especially with the introduction of the ______, which allowed Europeans to wipe out Africans in battle after battle.

18 19.Alright so, here is something that often gets overlooked: European imperialism involved a lot of ______and a lot of ______. 20.It’s very, very important to remember that Africans did not meekly acquiesce to European hegemony: they resisted, often ______, but ultimately they were defeated by a technologically superior enemy. 21.So, by the end of the 19th century, most of Africa, and much of Asia, had been colonized by ______. 22.Notable exceptions include ______-- which was happily pursuing its own imperialism—Thailand, Iran, and of course ______. 23.In most cases Europeans ruled their colonies with the help of, and sometimes completely through, ______and collaborators. 24.For the most part Europeans could almost always rely on their superior military technology to coerce local rulers into doing what the Europeans wanted and they could replace native officials with Europeans if they had to, but in general they preferred to rule ______. It was ______and ______. 25.“______,” as it is sometimes known, is really at the heart of the imperialistic impulse: Industrialized nations push economic integration upon developing nations, and then extract value from those developing nations, just as you would from a mine or a field you owned.

19 Crash Course: World War I

1. The immediate cause of World War I was the assassination in Sarajevo of the Austrian Archduke ______on June 28, 1914, by a Bosnian Serb nationalist named Gavrilo Princip; which led to issue an ______to Serbia, whereupon Serbia accepted some but not all of Austria’s demands, leading Austria to declare war against Serbia. 2. ______, due to its alliance with the Serbs, then mobilized its army; ______, because it had an alliance with Austria, told Russia to stop mobilizing, which Russia failed to do, so then Germany mobilized its own army, declared war on Russia, cemented an alliance with the ______, and then declared war on ______. (Whew) 3. Germany’s War plan, the Schillefen Plan, required that it invade France in the most expedient way possible via ______, a neutral country. ______was a friend of Belgium so they declared war on Germany. So by August 4th, all the major powers of Europe are at war with each other. 4. By the end of the month, ______, honoring its alliance with Britain, would be at war with Germany and Austria, too. When all was said and done, counting ______and spheres of influence, the world would be divided between the Allies and the Central Powers. 5. There were many opportunities NOT to mobilize and declare war, none of which were taken. Some blame the web of ______itself, which is what Woodrow Wilson tried to fix with the ______. 6. Some blame Russia, the first big country to ______. Some blame ______for the inflexibility of the Schlieffen plan. Leninists claim war grew out of ______and was fueled by capitalist rivalries; and others claim it was a war between Germany’s radical modernism and Britain’s traditional ______. 7. The ______warfare on the Western Front is most famous for its brutal futility—Great Britain and France on one side, Germany on the other, with “______” between. The lines of trenches on the western front covered only about ______miles as the crow flies, but because of the endless zigzagging, the trenches themselves may have run as much as ______miles. 8. The ______of trench warfare wasn’t seen on every front. At the beginning of the war there was a lot of offensive movement, with the initial German strikes, especially on the ______; the were pretty successful against the ______, who had a large but pretty hapless army. 9. In the Middle East, T. E. Lawrence’s exploits took place in the context of World War I with the British battling the ______. (aka Lawrence of Arabia) 10. World War I featured combatants from around the world—Britain’s army, especially, included soldiers from ______, Africa, Australia, ______, and Canada. ______served with the French, and for a lot of these people, their experiences helped build ______movements when survivors returned home after the war. 11. The war itself was incredibly destructive. Over _____ million people were killed and over 20 million wounded. In France, _____ of the male population between the age of 15 and 49 died in the war. 12. The war also saw a lot of ______die, especially in the Ottoman Empire where more than 2 million of the 3 million people killed were non-combatants.

20 13. Like so many other wars, World War I’s most efficient killer was ______. For instance, _____ of arm wounds among German soldiers were fatal. And that’s not even to mention the famous ______epidemic that broke out toward the end of the war, which killed _____ times as many people as the war itself.

14. The main reason the war was so deadly was the combination of new ______and outdated tactics. While we may think about ______, ______, and ______all of which made their debut in the First World War, the two most devastating technologies were ______: machine guns, and barbed wire. 15. At the Somme the British lost ______men in the first day of fighting. 16. For most soldiers, there was nothing glamorous or heroic about this war. For the British, for example, the trenches were two things above all: ______and ______. The dampness came from the fact that the British trenches were in the wettest part of Flanders. The smell was mainly decomposing ______. 17. While going “______” of the trench to cross no-man’s land and attack the enemy trench is what lights our romantic imagination, most soldiers’ lives were dominated by the fear of ______. 18. For most soldiers, British and especially French, the pay for their efforts was pitiful. So why did they even keep fighting? ______, nationalism, ______to their comrades, and fear of being shot for desertion all played a role. 19. So what did we take away (learn) from the so-called Great War? Well, not much. ● The Treaty of Versailles, which ended World War I, fixed the blame for the war on ______, proved ruinous to their economy and destructive to their political institutions. ● World War I was also a disaster for ______, because it facilitated the rise of the Bolsheviks. 20. The Russian Revolution had two phases. In the first phase, called the ______Revolution, (March Revolution…The calendar will change) army mutinies and civil unrest forced the overthrow of the ______dynasty which had been in power in Russia since 1618. 21. The monarchy was replaced by a ______government led (eventually) by Alexander Kerensky, which made the terrible decision to keep Russia in the war, which led to the ______(November) Revolution in which Vladimir ______and his Bolsheviks took over, famously promising the Russian people “______, ______, and ______.” 22. Lenin’s first big achievement was signing a separate peace with Germany and getting Russia out of the war, which was helpful to him since he needed to fight a ______that wouldn’t end until 1922. 23. This might’ve helped Germany, too, except the _____ entered the war on the side of the British and the French. 24. As a result another outcome of the war: increased ______influence for the U.S. The U.S. was already becoming a major ______power; the war helped catapult the U.S. from being a debtor nation to a creditor one, and ______leading role in the negotiations at Versailles –even though he actually didn’t get what he wanted –made America a big player on the world stage for the first time. 25. Another major outcome of the war was the end of the Ottoman Empire and the emergence of the nation-state of ______. The rest of the world saw some change too, but not much for the better: In Africa, ______took Germany’s colonies, and

21 even though ______fought and died in a higher percentage than Americans in World War I, India didn’t gain any real autonomy. 26. All these terrible outcomes led to a general sense of disappointment in literary circles, and this feeling of pointlessness and cynicism was expressed by the writers of the “______.”

22 Crash Course: World War II

1. When did World War II start? In September 1939, when the Nazis invaded ______? Or did it actually started when ______invaded in 1931, or at the very latest when the Japanese invaded ______in 1937, because they didn’t stop fighting until 1945. Then again, you could also argue 1933, when ______took power, or 1941, when ______started fighting. 2. In China the fighting was very brutal, as exemplified by the infamous rape of ______, which featured the slaughter of hundreds of thousands of Chinese people and is still so controversial today that it still affects relations between Japan & China. 3. The World War II we know the most about from movies and TV is primarily the war in the ______Theater, the one that Adolf Hitler started. 4. After coming to power in 1933, Hitler promises to return the homeland to its former glory, infused with quite a bit of paranoia and anti-Semitism, Germany also saw rapid ______and eventually, inevitably, war. 5. In the beginning there was ______, a devastating tactic combining quick movement of troops, tanks, and massive use of air power to support infantry movements. The Nazis were able to roll over ______, Norway, Denmark, the ______, and then all of France, all within about 9 months between the fall of 1939 and the summer of 1940. 6. After knocking out most of , the Nazis set their sights on ______, but they didn’t invaded the island, choosing instead to attack it with massive _____ strikes. 7. The was a duel between the ______and the Luftwaffe, and while the RAF denied the Nazis total control of British airspace, the Nazis were still able to bomb Great Britain over and over again in what’s known as the ______. 8. Meanwhile, Europeans were also fighting each other in ______. The Desert campaigns started in 1940 and lasted through 1942—this is where British general “______” Montgomery outfoxed German general Irwin “______” Rommel. It’s also the place where ______first fought Nazis in large numbers. 9. ______was a big year for World War II. First, the Nazis invaded ______, breaking a non-aggression pact that the two powers had signed in 1939. The Nazi invasion of Russia opened the war up on the so-called ______, and it led to millions of deaths, mostly Russian. 10. Also, 1941 saw a day that would "live in infamy" when the Japanese bombed ______, hoping that such an audacious attack would frighten the United States into staying neutral, which was a pretty stupid gamble because (1) The U.S. was already giving massive aid to the ______and was hardly neutral and (2) The United States is not exactly famed for its pacifism or political ______. 11. 1941 also saw Japan invading much of ______Asia, which made Australia and New Zealand understandably nervous. As part of the ______Commonwealth, they were already involved in the war, but now they could fight the Japanese closer to home. 12. You don’t think of ______as being a World War II powerhouse, but they were vital to the Allies, supplying ______of British meat during World War II.

23 13. The big battles of 1942 include the Battle of ______, which effectively ended Japan’s chance of winning the war, and the Battle of ______, which was one of the bloodiest battles in the history of war, with more than two million dead.

24 14. Stalingrad turned the war in Europe and by 1944; the American strategy of “______” in the Pacific was taking GIs closer and closer to Japan; Rome was liberated in June by Americans and Canadians; and the successful British, Canadian, and American D-Day invasion of ______was the beginning of the end for the Nazis. (Canadians fought with the Royal Air Force to defend Great Britain from the beginning of the war and you were there on D-Day, successfully invading ______.) 15. So, by the end of 1944, the Allies were advancing from the West and the Russian Red Army was advancing from the East and then, the last-ditch German offensive at the Battle of the ______in the winter of 1944-1945 failed. 16. Mussolini was executed in April of 1945. Hitler committed ______at the end of that month. And, on May 8, 1945 the Allies declared victory in Europe after Germany surrendered ______. 17. Three months later, the United States dropped the only two ______weapons ever deployed in war, Japan surrendered, and World War II was over. 18. The war had a definite cause: unbridled ______expansion by Germany, Japan, and, to a small extent, Italy. 19. There are many possible explanations beyond mere evil; but the most interesting one, to me, involves ______. Hitler had a number of reasons for wanting to expand Germany’s territory, but he often talked about or ______for the German people. German agriculture was really inefficiently organized into lots of small farms, and that meant that Germany needed a lot of land in order to be self-sufficient in food production. The plan was to take , ______, and Eastern Russia, and then resettle that land with lots of Germans, so that it could feed German people. This was called the Hunger Plan because the plan called for 20 million people to starve to death. Many would be the Poles, Ukrainians, and Russians who’d previously lived on the land. 20. The rest would be Europe’s ______, who would be worked to death. Six million Jews were killed by the Nazis, many by starvation, but many through a chillingly planned effort of extermination in ______camps. These death camps can be distinguished from ______camps or labor camps in that their primary purpose was extermination of Jews, Roma people, communists, homosexuals, disabled people, and others that the Nazis deemed unfit. 21. Similarly, Japan, at the beginning of the war, was suffering from an acute fear of food shortage because its agricultural sector was having trouble keeping up with population ______. And the Japanese too, sought to expand their agricultural holdings by, for instance, resettling farmers in ______. 22. So while it’s tempting to say that World War II was about the Allies fighting for ______ideals against the totalitarian militaristic imperialism of the fascist ______powers, it just doesn’t hold up to scrutiny. 23. For instance, a hugely important Allied power, ______Soviet Union, was, like, the least democratic place, ever. Stalin’s Soviet Union is tied with all of the other completely undemocratic countries for last place on the democracy scale. 24. By far, the biggest imperialists of the war were the ______. They couldn’t have fed or clothed themselves—or resisted the Nazis—without their colonies and commonwealth. 25. So, why is World War II so important? Well first, it proved the old Roman adage homo homini lupus: ______. ​ ​ This is seen most clearly in the ______, but ALL of the statistics are staggering. Millions of civilians died on both sides; ​ ​

25 some from ______while others were targeted because they helped sustain the war, mostly through ______and agricultural production. 26. World War II saw modern industrial nations, which represented the best of the ______and the Scientific Revolution, descend into once unimaginable cruelty. And what makes World War II such a historical watershed is that in its wake, all of us—in the West or otherwise—were forced to question whether ______dominance of this planet could, or should, be considered progress.

26 Crash Course: Communists, Nationalists, and China's Revolutions

1. The 20th century was pretty big for China because it saw not one but two revolutions: one in 1911 and the more famous ______revolution of 1949. 2. So as you know doubt recall China lost the Opium wars in the 19th century, resulting in European domination, ______, et cetera, all of which was deeply embarrassing to the Qing dynasty and led to calls for reform. 3. One strand of reform that called for China to adopt European military technology and education systems was called ______-______, and it was probably would have been a great idea, considering how well that worked for Japan. But it never happened in China-- 4. Instead, China experienced the disastrous anti-Western ______Rebellion of 1900, which helped spur some young liberals, including one named Sun Yat Sen, to plot the overthrow of the dynasty. 5. Sun Yat Sen, helped establish the ______of China based on three principles of the people: ______, Democracy, and the People’s ______. 6. So the 1911 revolution led to the end of the ______Dynasty when the emperor () abdicated and a new government was created. 7. Localism reasserted itself with large-scale ______with small-scale ______ruling all the parts of China that weren’t controlled by foreigners. 8. So the period in Chinese history between 1912 and 1949 is sometimes called the Chinese Republic, although that gives the government a bit too much credit. The leading group trying to re-form China into a was the Guomindang (Kuomintang) but after 1920 the Chinese ______Party (CCP) was also in the mix. 9. An alliance between Communists and ______formed to reunify China. But then Sun Yat Sen died in 1925 and the alliance fell apart in 1927. 10. This turned out to be a bad break up for a bunch of reasons, but mainly because it started a ______between the Communists and the Nationalists. 11. Even though ______Zedong emerged victorious, he and the communists were almost wiped out in 1934 except that they made a miraculous and harrowing escape, trekking from southern China to the mountains in the north in what has become famously known as the ______. 12. For much of the time the Guomindang was trying to crush the CCP, significant portions of China were being occupied and/or invaded by ______. 13. In spite of the fact that Chiang Kai Shek had extensive support from the ______each time the Nationalists failed against the Japanese, their prestige among their fellow Chinese diminished. It wasn’t helped by Nationalist ______or their

27 collecting onerous taxes from Chinese peasants, or stories about Nationalist troops putting on civilian clothes and abandoning the city of Nanking during its awful destruction by the Japanese army in 1937. 14. Meanwhile, the Communists were winning over the peasants in their northwestern enclave by making sure that troops didn’t pillage local land and by giving peasants a greater say in local ______. 15. In a preview of things to come, in 1942 Mao initiated a “rectification” program. Which basically meant students and intellectuals were sent down into the ______to give them a taste of what “real China” was like in an effort to re-educate them. 16. Within ______years of the end of World War II the Communists routed Chiang Kai Shek’s armies and sent them off to Taiwan and these military victories paved the way for Mao to declare the ______of China on October 1, 1949. 17. So once in power, Mao and the PRC were faced with the task of creating a new, socialist state. Mao declared early on that the ______class in China would be the leaders of a “people’s democratic .” 18. The PRC promised equal rights for ______, rent reduction, ______redistribution, new heavy industry and lots of freedoms. 19. Land redistribution and reform meant destroying the power of landlords, often violently. But centralizing power and checking individual ambition proved difficult for the government, and it was made harder by China’s involvement in the ______War, which helped spur the first mass campaign of Mao’s democratic dictatorship. 20. Between October 1950 and August 1951 28,332 people accused of being spies or counter-______were executed in Guandong city alone. 21. Mao and the CCP set out to turn China into an ______powerhouse by following the Soviet model. 22. Under the Soviet system, Russia was able to accomplish massive industrialization--not to mention tens of millions of deaths from starvation--through ______planning and collectivization of ______, following what were known as ______Year Plans. 23. The Chinese Five Year Plans began in 1953 and the first one worked even better than expected, with industry increasing ______more than projected. In order for this to work though, the peasants had to grow lots of grain and sell it at extremely low prices which kept inflation in check. 24. For ______workers, living standards improved and China’s population grew to 646 million. 25. There was no way that China could keep up that growth, especially without some backsliding into ______. So Mao came up with the ______. 26. Mao essentially decided that the nation could be psyched up into more industrial productivity. He famously ordered that individuals build small steel ______in their backyard to increase steel production. 27. The worst idea was to pay for heavy machinery from the USSR with exported ______. This meant there was less for peasants to eat—and as a result, between 1959 and 1962, _____ million people died,

28 28. By the middle of the sixties, Mao was afraid that China’s revolution was running out of steam, and he didn’t want China to end up just a bureaucratized ______state like most of the Soviet bloc…so, the ______Revolution was an attempt to capture the glory days of the revolution and fire up the masses, and what better way to do that than to empower the kids. 29. Frustrated students who were unable find decent, fulfilling jobs jumped at the chance to denounce their ______, employers, and sometimes even their ______and to tear down tradition, which often meant demolishing buildings and art. 30. The ranks of these “______” swelled and anyone representing the so-called “____ olds” —old culture, old habits, old ideas, and old customs—was subject to humiliation and violence. Intellectuals were again sent to the ______as they were in 1942; millions were persecuted; and countless historical and religious artifacts were destroyed. 31. But the real aim of the Cultural Revolution was to consolidate Mao’s revolution, and while his image still looms large, it’s hard to say that China these days is a ______state. 32. Many would argue that Mao’s revolution was extremely short-lived, and that the real change in China happened in 1911. That’s when the Chinese Republic ended ______years of dynastic history and forever broke the cyclical pattern the Chinese had used to understand their past.

29 DBQ # 2

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32 1. Using the documents and your knowledge of world history, analyze at least two African responses to European imperialism during the last ​ ​ nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

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Document 2

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38 APWH Guided Reading Unit 7: World War II

Pages 808 - 814 1. What were Stalin’s “Five Year Plans”? 2. Explain collectivization in the Soviet Union. 3. What was the purpose of Stalin’s reign of terror in the Soviet Union? Did people still support Stalin? Why? 4. How did different governments respond to the Great Depression? The United States? Germany? Great Britain? Ditch East Indies?

Pages 814 - 819 1. & The Fascist Party (rise to power, ideology, impact) 2. Adolf Hitler & The Nazi’s (rise to power, ideology, impact) 3. What was Hitler’s goal for Germany? 4. What was appeasement? Did it work? 5. What was the Long March? 6. Sino-Japanese War 1937-1945: Causes and outcome

Pages 819 - 830 1. How did Germany use “blitzkrieg” to gain an advantage at the start of the war? 2. What was the Battle of Britain? What happened during it? 3. Why did Hitler invade Russia? 4. What happened at Stalingrad? 6. Why was Pearl Harbor attacked by the Japanese on December 7, 1941? 7. D-Day 8. What caused Japan to surrender? 9. The Holocaust: Why were the jews targeted in Nazi Germnay?

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