ALL at SEA Revision: 2 Concept: 1 Job No:RAC11

Title Board -A1(841mmx598mm)Reduced here to fitpresentation Date: Client: Project: AllatSeaExhibitionBoards 21.05.18 Royal Australasian College ofSurgeons ALL AT SEA Revision: 2 Concept: 1 Job No:RAC11

© 2018 LEXICON ARTWORK Board 1-A1(841mmx598mm)Reduced here to fitpresentation Date: Client: Project: AllatSeaExhibitionBoards 21.05.18 Royal Australasian College ofSurgeons h obtadfeighbt ftheswan,were published. the wombat andfeedinghabitsof Londonandhisworks includingthoseontheanatomy of Society of theLinnaean for exploration. In1799,hewaselectedmemberof Pacific explorers and when he reached Australia, heindulgedhispassion the thevoyages of A cultured andwell-read man,Basswasaware of toHMSRelianceinMarch 1794. in navigation andseamanshiptransferred inseveral in1789.Heserved a Surgeon ships, SecondRate becameproficient Surgeons andbecameaSurgeon’s Mate,the Company of beforepromotionto Surgeons. Hesattwo moreexaminations theCompany of at as amemberof Apprenticed 18hewas toalocalsurgeon apothecary, accepted attheage of Surgeon andsailor, George inAswarby, Basswas born Lincolnshire. 1795 November October - September 1795 April 1794- January 1799 January October1798 - February 1798 December 1797- March 1796

( 1771-1803 also helpedby thelocalindigenouspeople. Illawarra andexplore Port Hacking. They were and Governor Hunterwasapassenger. wastheMaster’sMatthew Mate Flinders servant, Williamwith hispersonal Martin. 1798, BassclimbsMtWellington. the Derwent andonChristmasDay, Estuary circumnavigate Tasmania. They alsoexamine in the25tonsloop, Norfolk andin12weeks, from themainlandby astrait.They setout Diemen’s Landwasanislandandseparated wanttoproveBass andFlinders that Van Wilson’s Promontory andWesternport Bay Bay, Victoria to thentravel alongthecoastof discover theShoalhaven River andTwofold whaleboat. They travel 1,931kilometres, sixleftSydney ina Bass withacrew of larger andMartinsetoutinaslightly Bass, Flinders a settlementat ‘BanksTown’. report causedGovernor Huntertoestablish boat –the Georges River ina2.4metre mastedrowing andMartintravelBass, Flinders southtothe Bass sailstoAustralia onthe GEORGE BASS Tom. They discover Thumb Lake Tom favourable. Their Thumb Revision: 2 Concept: 1 Job No:RAC11 ) –SURGEON ANDEXPLORER Reliance ALL AT SEA ,

‘Wombat’ by William Elford Leach, ZoologicalMiscellany, 1815(SLV) were never seenagain. to Tahiti onthe voyage wasinFebruary 1803when hesailed New ZealandandtheSouthPacific. Hislast Port Jackson in1801,madeseveral voyages to ventures withCharles to Bishopandafterreturning insomeunsuccessfulcommercialHe thenengaged the of ElizabethWaterhouseIn 1800,Bassmarried who wasasister long taperingneckandsharppointedhead”. observed uponneighbouringrocks, with“aremarkably birds, asisstillthecase,andheremarked upontheseals be thehomeofvastnumberspetrels, gullsandother Bass foundtheneighbourhood ofthePromontory to Wikimedia Commons Reliance’s secondcommander, Waterhouse. Henry Venus shipanditscrew . The

© 2018 LEXICON ARTWORK Board 2-A1(841mmx598mm)Reduced here to fitpresentation Date: Client: Project: AllatSeaExhibitionBoards 21.05.18 Royal Australasian College ofSurgeons 1. in atypicalsurgeon’s chest? What were someoftheinstruments to patients) ormalenurses, assistedthesurgeon withhisduties. andloblolly theyvinegar men(namedaftertheporridge served tables were tiedtogether, instrumentswere cleanedinbarrels of the surgeon setup an improvised theatre inthe cockpit.Mess ventilated, withmoveable canvas screens. Duringbattle stations Unfortunately, itwastooclosetotheheadsortoiletsbut waswell for example,HMS Victory hadasickberthonitsuppergundeck. inbattle,When notengaged surgeons tendedthesickand sealed by theexaminers. beforethevoyage,so tostopthemsellingorpawning instruments thechestwas was noteasyforpoorly paidsurgeons chest, tomaintainasuitable instrument were forappropriateandgood qualityinstruments. alsoscrutinized However, it Surgeons) fortheirfitnesstopracticeinthe Royal Navy, chests theirinstrument Surgeons (andafter1800,by Royalwere examined by College theCompany of of andwhenSurgeons individuals hadbeeninthenavy sincethesixteenthcentury Petit early screw 1800s(Wikimedia tourniquet, Commons) tourniquet around hisrightarm. tourniquet hisnephew, Josiah a threw Nesbitwhoquickly bysaved theactionof After the1797attack onTeneriffe, Nelson’s life wasundoubtedly bleeding. tostem shipsandapetitscrew tourniquet used inEnglish Amputation instrumentsincludingatenonsaw generally SURGEONS CHEST Liston knife, c1830 THE NAVAL Revision: 2 Concept: 1 Job No:RAC11 Tenon saw withbonehandle, 1835 ALL AT SEA Tooth pullinginstrument,late 18th/early 19thcentury 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. Pocket instrumentssuch aslancets. 1805, medicineswere provided by theRoyal Navy. Weights andscalesfor weighing medicines. Noticeably, after irritation cups, knivesor horn andasetonneedletoproduce counter Instruments for cuppingandbleeding. includedglass These Probes, probe andbullet scissors forceps for wounds drain fluids instrumentsincludingcatheters andtrocarsGenitourinary to bonedustawaykeep from theoperation site. skull orwidenaburr holeandanivory handledbrushto included ahandheldT-Bar trephine, Hey’s saw toopenthe fracture ortodrainaninter-cranial haematoma. Instruments Trephining instrumentswere usedfor adepressed skull (sharkskin), 1770s shagreen of Lancet étuimade early 19thcentury handle, late 18th/ Trephine and

© 2018 LEXICON ARTWORK Board 3-A1(841mmx598mm)Reduced here to fitpresentation Date: Client: Project: AllatSeaExhibitionBoards 21.05.18 Royal Australasian College ofSurgeons Vice- AdmiralHoratio Nelsonwashitby amusket ball. Lord Nelson on theDeathof as herecorded inhiseyewitness account,AnAuthenticNarrative otherwounds. Then, ontheday) andavariety of performed around him,Beatty busy waskept withamputations (11were 129 were wounded. Working inthecockpitwithbattle raging these, 62diedand 861menandof hadacrew of Victory The Trafalgar wasfought onthe21stOctober, BattleThe of 1805. In December1804,hewas postedLord Nelson’s flagship, HMSVictory. was surgeon aboard Brest. the74gunshipSpencer,deployed intheblockade of qualified asaShip’s Surgeon. WhentheNapoleonic beganWars in1803, Beatty Four Surgeons andformally years laterhewas examined by theCompany of Irishman, William BeattyenteredtheRoyal Navy asaSurgeon’s Matein1791. William Bettyby ArthurWilliam Devis, c1806(Wikimedia Commons) h ateo Trafalgar, BattleThe of JWMTurner, 1822(Wikimedia Commons) (1773-1842) WILLIAM BEATTY (1807),thefleetcommander, –NAVAL SURGEON AT TRAFALGAR Revision: 2 Concept: 1 Job No:RAC11 ALL AT SEA Surgeon amputating aleg told hissurgeon: Nelson wasaware that hehadbeenshotthrough thespineand face onthedeck. his leftshoulder, andpenetrated hischest.Hefellwith Enemy’s theepauletteon mizen-top[sic]…Theballstruck stern oftheVictory, when thefatalballwasfired from the of turningnearthehatchwaywithhisfacetowards of thequarter-deckwithCaptainHARDY, andintheact the heatofengagement,hewaswalkingmiddle …About fifteenminutespastoneo’clock,whichwasin died in1842. to William IV. Hewasknightedin1831and Greenwich HospitalandhewasalsoPhysician Beatty finishedhiscareer asPhysician tothe thewound. of history ball andasrequired by theAdmiralty, wrote a anautopsy,Beatty performed removed themusket barrel toopen.Asthe the were severely frightenedwhen causedthelidof gases intothecorpse’sseeped orificesandmarinesguarding thebody brandy. brandy The gradually inabarrel of back toEngland Nelson didnotwanttobeburied at sea,sohisbody wastaken that hadbeenwon. agreat victory learnt short timetolive. Hediedthree later, hours but notbefore hehad Ah MrBeatty, you candonothingfor me. but Ihave a approached Portsmouth,Victory

© 2018 LEXICON ARTWORK Board 4-A1(841mmx598mm)Reduced here to fitpresentation Date: Client: Project: AllatSeaExhibitionBoards 21.05.18 Royal Australasian College ofSurgeons eoa fanopensafetypinfrom anAble Seaman’s stomachremoval of which includedanappendectomy, anumbilicalcalculusandthe Despite theseobstacles, hemanagedtodealwiththefive cases of surgery atsea… succession whichdisclosedtoadegree theshortcomings … fivesurgicalproblems presented themselvesinquick three weeks when: And inJuly 1941,the his mouth. worm abouttwelveinchesinlengthwasremoved from be alargeworm,theheadwasfirmlyseizedand round weaving toandfro from hisopenmouth.Realisingitmust eyes converginginwardstowhatappeared tobeasnake bolt- uprightinbed,hisfaceamaskofhorror withhis dying andhasthedevilinhim.’…Rednallwassitting almost hysterically:‘DoctorCommanderRednallis …my sleepwasdisturbedbyanagitatedstewardshouting incident: Africa,hementioned an unusual In1941,when offthecoastof the required manualdexterity. deck requires goodfootworkandbalanceinadditionto To operateatseawithanunsteadytableandamoving noted: Work at seafor thenaval surgeon could bechallenging. Stening remained ontheshipuntilMarch 1943. Surgeon Lieutenantonthecruiser, HMASAustralia In November 1940,Malcolm James LeesSteningwasappointed Malcolm Stening, c1940 MALCOLM STENING NAVAL SURGEONS OFWORLD WAR 2 Australia hadonlybeenonconvoy dutyfor Revision: 2 Concept: 1 Job No:RAC11 and ALL AT SEA war, isrelatively small. surgeons who duringthe served the navy, naval thenumber of duringWW2didjoin their country Although surgeons wishingtoserve HMAS Australia, Sydney 1942(Private collection) Australia underattack, 7May 1942(Private collection) Stening wasonthe King George VHospitalinSydney. at the in ObstetricsandGynaecology . Afterthewar,Howe hehadasuccessfulcareer medical officeraboard theBritish battleship, HMS Malcolm Steningfinishedhiswarserviceasasenior splashes. and wasobscured from viewofothershipsbythebomb speed makingsharp‘S’bendsassheavoidedthebombs was straddledby500poundbombsasshesteamedatfull the sunathighlevelandclusterbombedshipwhich …as 19heavybomberscameoverthesternandoutof thebattle, Australia At theheightof naval warfare. heralded anewtypeof thealliedandJapanese Imperialnavies, it planesof borne (4-8 May, 1942).Essentiallyanairbattle, fought between carrier Australia frteBtl ftheCoralSea for theBattle of becamethesoletarget:

the Kokoda trail. based assaultvia decided onaland by seaand Port Moresby of invading idea of abandoned the the Japanese but significantly, inconclusive Coral Seawas the the Battle of resultThe of

© 2018 LEXICON ARTWORK Board 5-A1(841mmx598mm)Reduced here to fitpresentation Date: Client: Project: AllatSeaExhibitionBoards 21.05.18 Royal Australasian College ofSurgeons Hospital inSydney. the Greenland HospitalinAuckland andRoyal PrinceAlfred Hospital inLondon,heworked asaCardiovascular surgeon at Cardiothoracic Surgery. Aftertrainingfield of atthe Brompton After thewar, Rowan Nickschose totrain in therelatively new out more aboutwartimechestproblems… them butresolved whenInextvisitedthemainlandtofind injuries totheirlungsandviscera.Iwasunablehelp [They]… were admittedinrespiratory distress withblast was tobecomehismainsurgical focus: the Inshore Squadron were swimming, Rowan touched onwhat chargesWhen depth exploded nearwhere naval survivors from for theRoyalship wasanewconcept Navy. landingcraftanditsconversioninfantry toacasualtyclearing Greece andtheAdriatic Islands. LCCS 253wasaconverted Clearing Ship253(LCCS 253),operating around Dalmatia, Rowan’s lastpostingin1944wastotheLandingCraftCasualty floating inthewater. in thepinnacetobringwoundedandcollectbodies wounded ondamagedconvoyships.Iwasoftensentout German E-boatswere followedbyrescuing survivorsand Battles withtheenemydive-bombersandintrepid illuminate theseaandconvoys. air inalldirections, andstarshellsfallingslowlywould During thenightaction,tracerbulletswouldtear busy. Henoted: shipwasoftenonactionstationsThe andRowan wasalways was bitterly coldanduncomfortable. cause themessdeckstofloodandit gales,wintery theheavy seaswould easy –when theshipwas buffeted by crammed intoaspacefor150)was not Life onthecrowded destroyer (400men sailing between ScotlandandLondon. Wallace had beenpostedtothedestroyer, HMS Rowan Nicks Rowan Nicksoperating, Volos, Greece 1944 , which looked afterconvoys ROWAN NICKS& NAVAL SURGEONS OFWORLD WAR 2 JAMES GUEST 1941, Rowan By September the Royal Navy. broke out,joined London when war was studying in Rowan Nicks, who (George)by birth, A New Zealander Revision: 2 Concept: 1 Job No:RAC11 ALL AT SEA

and worked at theAlfred HospitalinMelbourne. Instead, hedecidedonacareer incolorectal surgery James Guestc1942(AAWA) catalogue.instrument – aBalfourretractorcopiedfroman engineer fashionanew surgicalretractor was timeforGuesttohave theship’s functioning operatingtheatreandthere Leyte, Tarakan Ithadafully andBrunei. Pacific landingsincludingHollandia, James Guest that: Ambon,hedecided warfrom theislandof ex-prisoners of Jim GuestlefttheNavy in1946andafterhelpingrehabilitate James Guest’s surgical retractor (RACS Museum) I wasn’t going to grow grapes inMilduraI wasn’t grapes goingtogrow in seven major was involved on theship, it During histime from 1942-1946. HMAS officer onthe was medical Guestwho Stuart RAN was James who joinedthe Another surgeon (hisbirthplace). Westralia

© 2018 LEXICON ARTWORK Board 6-A1(841mmx598mm)Reduced here to fitpresentation Date: Client: Project: AllatSeaExhibitionBoards 21.05.18 Royal Australasian College ofSurgeons move to deploy withtheNavyorwiderADFfor operational todeploy deployment move done many exercises withtheArmy. Heison48hours’ notice-to- he stillgoesonregular deployments withtheNavy andhasalso his clinicalskillsby working at Melbourne’s Frankston Hospital, Liaison Officer forSurgeons inthe Navy. AlthoughIanmaintains and heisalsoaSeniorSurgeon for theNavy andaProfessional Operational HealthUnit(MOHU)at HMASPenguin leisure activities. Hisofficial naval postingistotheMaritime developing standard operating procedures, fitandother keeping training andmedicalsupervisionfor hiscolleagueswith ongoing lifeonashipandintersperses Ian enjoys theroutine of Program for theAustralian DefenceForce (ADF). Surgeon. Currently heisinvolved withtheMedicalSpecialist Officer Specialist Training Scheme asanOrthopaedic trauma managementledhimtotrainundertheMedical care doctorbut aninterest inOrthopaedicSurgery and Indian Ocean.Hisfirst role intheNavy wasasaprimary Afghanistan, Iraq,Papua NewGuinea,Indonesiaandthe Canberra ships, themostrecent beingHMAS served onanumber of Transferring totheRoyal Australian Navy in1998,Ianhas Commander IanYoung, 2015 HMASCanberra, significant financialdebt. complete myeducationwithoutany a desire foradventure andadesire to Navy becausehehad: Navy in1990.Hesays hechosethe withthe as amedicalundergraduate Ian Young joinedtheCanadianForces ; andhasserved onoperational deployments in NAVAL SURGEONS a desire toserve, Revision: 2 Concept: 1 Job No:RAC11 TODAY inSydney ALL AT SEA

Ailene Fitzgerald,2015 Assistant Professional LiaisonOfficer for Navy Surgeons. maintains herlinkswiththeNavy Reserves andserves as Services at Hospital,CommanderFitzgerald theCanberra Traumacompleted hersurgical training. Currently Director of She transferred totheNaval HealthReserves in2000and in1991. undergraduate the (Royal Australian) Navy asamedical Like IanYoung, AileneFitzgerald joined Iraq, 2016 Role 2EhospitalinTaji, Operating at theANZAC Exercise SEARAIDER,2015 Simulated surgery, HMAS Canberra, HMAS Canberra,