,., '"N N
o '"Q FREE SOFI'WARE REVIEWS ,., COMPLETE '" SYSTEMS a: "A publication that is a must for everyone in 0:'" APPUCATIONS SOFI'WARE the hobbyist world of computen. Don't O:U User documentation. internal specific:ations, miss it," ~ ~ . annotated IOUJ'CO code. In the two y.... of WewJlltttr' '"z,,'" > publication, DDJ has carrIocI • I.... variety of 7It< DItII,. ~ ~ Z .J interpreters. eciiton, debuaen. rnoniton. O::l.J _hie, pmos software, noalinl point "7HE software source for microcomputers. .,"'"'" > routines and software desilll artIc .... ~.J_ HqbIy recomme"'ed." 0:<>" ",. DttIft I/u' I'IrI/adoIpItII A"" 0mIptI,., Sodety ",.,'">"' INDEPENDENT CONSUMER EVAWATIONS HIt looks as if it's lOinS to be THE forum of PRODUCT REVIEWS public domain bobbyist software develop ment. RatinS - 'A' 1t 1r flo n ol CONSUMER COMMENTS Dr. Dobb ~ Joumal publish.. independent '77IACE' evaluations- load or bad-of produeta _, T""",ro Rq/ofI_ 0/ ~E_ marketed to hobbyists. It is a sub_ .. supported journal. Dr. Dobb ~ carries DO pold advertisinl; it is ..sponsible OII/y to its "The best source for Tmy BASIC and other readers. It ....larIy publish.. joyful praise load tbinp. Should be on your shelf." and raging complaints about vendon' ",. COmpIa., Hobby/n' products and services. IWnIt TruI (DoIIItI) N'-,,,,
Dr. Dobb', Joumal is published 10 tim... year by People', Computer Company, a non· profit education corporation. For. one-ye.. subscription, send SIS to Dr. Dobb·s Joumal, Dept SR, 1263 EI CamIno Real, Box E, Menlo Parle, CA 94025 or ..... in the posta.. -free card at the APL GAMES center of this mapzine. THE RETURN ANIMATED GAMES OF THE DRAGONS! FOR TRS"SO ...
SUBMITTING ITEMS FOR PUBLICATION SUBSCRIPTIONS
LABEL everything please, your name, address and the date U. S. Subscriptions o S10/1 yr. (6 issues) TYPE text if at all possible, double-spaced, on 8Y. x 11 inch o Retaining subscription @S25 wh ite paper_ ($15tax deductible) STAFF SPECIAL FEATURES o Sustaining subscription @$loo+ DRAWINGS should be as clear and neat as possible in black ($90+ tax deductible) EDITORS 7 MARIN COMPUTER CENTER by Annie Fox ink on white paper. Bob AI brecht They've (almost) got it all now Chuck Bradley LISTINGS are hard to reproduce clearly, so please note: 12 ALLINTHEMIND by Warwick Slough Ramon Zamora • Use a new ribbon on plain white paper when making a Foreign Surface Mail One dark day in the computer lab, it all went to hell (sci·fi from the U.K.) PRODUCTION listing; we prefer roll paper or fan-fold paper_ o add S4/yr. 13 RUNEQUEST by Steve Perrin & Friends Sara Werry • Send copies of one or more RUNs of your program, to Explore Glorontha! J Excerpts from a new adventure fantasy game ARTISTS verify that it runs and to provide a sense of how things 16 THE L·5 SOCIETY by Carolyn Henson Matthew Heiler work - and to motivate more of us to read the code_ Foreign Airmail libration points are not local taverns Ann Miya RUNs should illustrate the main purpose and operation of o add S8/yr. for Canada Judith Wasserman your program as clearly as possible. Bells, whistles and o add SI1 /yr. for Europe ARTICLES TYPISTS special features should just be described in the documen o add S14/yr. elsewhere Phyllis Adams tation unless they're particularly relevant. Payment must be in U.S. dollars 19 PHANTNUM by Howard A. Peelle Renny Wiggins • Make sure your code is well documented - use a separate drawn on a U.S. bank. B PLUSC '" F? It does here ... PROOFREADER sheet of paper. Refer to portions of code by line number or 23 SOME GUIDELINES FOR MICROCOMPUTER CHESS by Jim Day Nancy Heubach label or address please, not by page number. When writing These back issues are available at 52.50 each: Check and mate in two columns CIRCULATION documentation, keep in mind that readers will include Vol 5, N06 24 A BIBLIOGRAPHY ON COMPUTER CHESS by Eryk Vershen Michael Madaj beginners and people who may be relatively inexperienced Vol 6, Nos I, 2, 3, 4, 5 An annotated listing-from 1950 on BULK SALES with the language you're using. Helpful documentation/ Vol 7, Nos 1, 2 Christine Botelho 26 DISTANCE & ERROR CORRECTING CODES by Tom Dwyer annotation can make your code useful to more people. Foreign Distributors of People's Computers SPOT EDITOR & Margot Critchfield Documentation should discuss just which cases are covered Phyllis Cole Glue thieves, spies & secret codes-a tutorial and which aren't. Vincent Coen Eastern Canada PUBLISHER 35 THE CASE FOR APLIN EDUCATION by Howard A. Peelle • Ii you send us a program to publish, we reserve the right to LP Enterprises liz Janik Willard J. Holden Using 'glass boxes' & APL to help both teachers & students annotate it (don't worry, we won't publish it if we don't 313 Kingston Road RS ·232 47 OATAMAN by Bernie DeKoven like it). lliord IG1 lPJ 186 Queen St w RETAINING SUBSCRIBERS (#II*?( )&SI and much more • Last but not least, please try to limit the width of your Essex, UK Suite 232 listings: 50·60 characters is ideal. Narrow widths mean less Toronto ON M5V lZ1 David R. Dick reduction, better readability and better use of space. GAMES & STUFF Rudi Hoess Mark Elgin Western Canada Electronic Concepts PTY Ltd John B. Fried 17 TRS-80: FROGS! by Ramon M. Zamora LETTERS are always welcome; we assume it's OK to publi~ Ground Floor Cambridge House Brian Wiebe Scott B. Guthery Stop the action & watch them 'jump!' them unless you ask us not to. Upon request we will withhold 52·58 Clarence SI Kitronic Audio, Digital & W.A. Kelley your name from a published letter, but we will not publish 23 RANDOM PATTERNS by Ramon M. Zamora Sydney NSW 2000 Electronic Components Frank Otsuka correspondence sent to us anonymously. We reserve the right Use your TRS-80 to examine abstract designs 26236 26th Ave R R5 Shelter Institute to edit letters for purposes of clarity and brevity. ASCII Publishing 28 HANGMAN by Ron Santore Aldergrove 8rett Wilson Nicely packaged for 1K of 8080 memory 305 HI TORIO BC VOX lAO CIRCULATION NOTE: To decipher the expiration date of 5·6·7 Minami Aoyama 44 REVERSE by Ramon M. Zamora Canada SUSTAINING SUBSCRIBERS your subscription, look at the top right hand corner of your Minato · Ku, Tokyo 107 An 'animated' TRS·80 version of this classic game address label. The last two digits refer to a code/issue number JAPAN 48 SPOT: THE SOCIETY OF PET OWNERS & TRAINERS by Phyllis Cole Integrated Computer Byte Publications that is your expiration date. Hence, read 35 as 9178, 36 as Pointers, products, peeves & paws 11 /78,37 as 1/79, 38 as 3/79, 39 as 5/79, 40 as 7/79, and so on. Greenhills PO Box 483 Paul, Lori and Tom Calhoun San Juan, Metro Manila Dick Heiser, The Computer Store DEPARTMENTS Cover art by Ann Miya PHILIPPINES 3113 4 EDITORS' NOTES & LETTERS 32 FORTRAN MAN People's Computers is published bimonthly by People's Computer Company: 1263 EI C.amino Real, B~x E, Menlo Park, C~ 94025. And I special thankli to all the other People's Computer Company is a tax ·exempt, independent, non .proflt corpOra~l?n, and donatl.ons are tax-deducuble. folkli It People's Computer Co.: Claire 42 DRAGONSMOKE Connor, Delia Daoiels, Cynthia Kosina, Second class postage paid at Menlo Park, California, and additional entry po~nts. 52 REVIEWS JoAnn Loeffler, Mary McLean, Ann Copyright © 1978 by People's Computer Company, Menlo Park, California Merchberger, Cunis Roads, John Str8W1l, 56 ANNOUNCEMENTS Tom Williams, Denise Winn, N80CV Wood.
, PEOPLE'S COMPUTERS • NOV ·DEC 3 -
We hope to have at least some material turned this suggestion over to the Dragon ready for the start of the next school in charge of our department ofullisexual / LETTERS term in September. May I thank you in reproduction.] anticipation for your help, and I hope ==~-=--====""'---....::...==""'=------==~ that eventually we may be able to coop Norman Gold erate on a more equal basis. 73 Bennett Avenue Huntington Station, NY 11746 EDITOR'S NOTES P.P. Couzens ...... Computer Department, Oundle School, I found your letter a beautiful thing to PILQT for the APPLE I would like to share the results of my OUNDLE, Peterborough. PES 4EN. read. Your use of English and invective Bob Kahn, your editor of the past two efforts and experiences with People's England. aJ'e superb to behold. But all ill all, issuBS, has moved onwiJrd and upward. Dear People, Computers and anyone else that's in A DIFFICULT TASK FOR THE THREE 1 am truly sorry that we caused you so Bob # designing computer games and terested. The central aerodrome for PILOTs in the HEADED DRAGON much distress. I'm glad that you have interactions for museums and other enough of a sense of humor to keep places that let peOp/B use and enjoy For the past couple of months, I have U.S. is: The PILOT Information Ex computers. Watrh these pages for been enjoying an Applesoft II version of C.R. (Chuck) Carpenter change, c/o Earl Keyser, 22 Clover Lane, Dear Stupids. laughing through your tears. I hope by ~Further Adventures of Bob Kahn." PILOT. So the articles you've published 2228 Montclair PI. Mason City, IA 50401, US.A. Cheers now that everything is straightened out, on PILOT have been especially interest Carrollton, TX 75006 and good luck! - The Dragon When I last wrote you (see copy of that because what you've asked us to do is So, the dragons have returned to pcc. ing. The version I have now (written by letter) I accused you of not playing with very difficult. RegaJ'ds. In fact, three dragons-or, if you prefer, a full deck. I now have revised my opin a three headed dragon. This time, N. (Arley) Dealey using logic by C. Watch for more PILOT articles in future ======Willard Holden. A/brecht, Bradley and Zamora-editors Shapiro) lacks the USE and COMPUTE issues, especially games and educational ion, and I think that it's possible that I'm from A to Zf (Oops, sorry about that,) commands and numerical variables. But, stuff And GlUck, how about an aJ'ticle dealing with a band of pettifogging foot P.S. Here are some additional cliches for I was able to do a pretty good job on a from you? - The Dragon pads! you: What next? W6/1, People's Computers, Doing your own thing thfl oldest home/schooi/pefSonal com· PILOT version of Story. I paid for a sub last Spring, I received one Getting your (bleep) together puting periodical (()f1ee an outr8(J60us ~====-~== newspaper called pee). will soon be issue, and now a letter telling me that my Relating to people come the newest periodical, called ======sub has expired!! Getting your head straight R&ereational Computing. In th# issue, PIWT LANDS IN THE OLD Jacobsen's progressive relaxation you will see much evidence of the COUNTRY HP BASIC -+ TRS -80 BASIC? I think that the thing that lulled me into process of change to the new name end Finding your center content. In this 8IId futura issues, watch a false sense of security was your name. Tripping off in theta space for these things. Dear People, Dear Sirs: People's Computer CompallY brings to my mind certain things: guys with beards P.P.s. Michael Madaj adds that, in his * SeriOUS Games: gameswirhapurpose; Pilot has just reached us in England. To I presently own a Radio Shack TRS-80 and acne, girls who strike ballet poses for opinion, there is reJlsonabie doubt thllt he games to learn by; games that teach; aid the introduction and development of worlds of IF for people to explore. Microcomputer, 16K RAM BASIC, Level no reason-and can't type, rolfmg, get is full of (bleep). * Pure 8njoyment: fun games, graphics, the language the Pilot Users Group has n. I also own a copy of your excellent ting clear, looking for one's space (J art and music. been formed. The aim of this group is book, What To Do After You Hit Rerum. can't think of any more cliches). ===~==~ * FantB$Y and Science Fiction: fantasy to create a library of the software avail However, as you may know, Radio Shack advenwre games; science fiction able in Pilot and to distribute this to Basic and Hewlett-Packard BASIC are not games; whimsical odds and ends; and Actually, I'll bet you're all a bunch of our swashbuckling hero-FORTRAN its members. It is our feeling that the lan precisely compatible. I would like to Stanford 'B' school dropouts who are get Manl guage will not become popular unless purchase a book which explains in detail ting in shape to do a takeover on some 11 Free Software: lo~ of itl Old games there already exists a large number of all the terminology and programming large corporation. rewritten for APPLE, PET, SOL, packages to run in Pilot. language of the particular version of TRS·BO and others, featuring anima· tion and creative use of graphics; BASIC contained in your book, so that On 6/27 I got a card from someone who new games-more than any other Arley is now writing an extended version There is not a large amount of money I may make the necessary modifications doesn't write very well, but the signature magazine. of PILOT for the Apple Disc II. This will available in education for this purpose in the book's programs. looks like Michael Mady, who told me 11 Languages: regular stuff in APL, include capability to save programs on in this country. The distribution of such that A) My sub was entered and would ======:0==== BASIC and PILOT, and a language the disc. And, it uses an interpreter to packages should therefore be free of Tindaro J. Peti run thru Vol 8, Issue 2. and B) He was forum to discuss fuwre languages. link all the Applesoft BASIC commands, charge, or at least cost only a minimal THOUGHTS ON TINY LANGUAGES '* Challenges: puzzles; teasers; problems Monterey Park, CA forwarding my missing issues. No doubt for you to solvfJ; progl1Jf11s lor VOU statements and functions to PILOT. amount. he is full of (bleep). to writfJ. Floating point math and graphics capa The games in What To Do After You I've been thinking off and on about the 11 And Still More: how·to-do·it tutor To start us off, we would be interested bility will be available to the more Hit Return are written in HP 2000 F You have a fairly simple choice: send me Tiny Languages Extravaganza since it ialS; reviews; interviews; letters; end experienced PILOT programmers. (pH, in collecting material from the U.S.A. BASIC which is cleverly and concisely the mag and stop harassing me with was announced. I am still of several surprises. OT's structural simplicity remains intact We could then adapt this to our own explained in HP 2000 F: A Guide to threatening letters, or return my eight minds about the whole thing, and my needs and build on this. We would there Did we say letters? Write one today to for the neophyte progranlO1er.) Time-Shared BASIC. For info on how to bucks and go" (bleep) yourselves. [We h{l1le I comments are really on several levels. the three-heeded dragon! fore be most grateful if you would get it, contact Louise Watkins, Hewlett However, I feel it is time to put in my -Bob Albrecht I plan to use PILOT Programs for com supply us with copies of anything which Packard, General Systems Division, 5303 two cents' worth. In order to give some -Chuck Bradley puter aided assembly instructions. This you have available. Perhaps you would - Remon Zamora Stevens Creek Blvd, Santa Clara C4 pattern to my comments I will respond will be par{ of a more comprehensive invoice any cost to myself. 95050. And watch this magazine for lots to the published articles in sequence. computer aided manufacturing task. I of games for TRS-80, PET, APPLE, SOL Comments on Design Criteria: also plan to develop PILOT programs In addition to this, perhaps you couJd and other home/school/personal com I. Good for Tiny BASIC and Tiny PILOT for elementary electronics instruction. supply me with information of things puters. - The Dragon type problems. Animated Apple graphics will provide available from other sources, including To me this means a basically numerical visual effectiveness for this application. the commercial ones. ======language with some string handling. So
4 PEOPLE'S COMPUTERS NOV-DEC 5 -
far. so good. [pILOT is basically non cult to establish. I would argue for a numerical with some number handling.] general· purpose language 10 avoid reo 2. Most llse/ul to elementary school stricting the language to a particular age kids and a/so useful to their parents and and/or interest group. The semantic style teachers. aJso needs to be decided. In spite of my Now we have a conflict. To my mind a limited experience with it, J wouJd argue language for klds is not going to be for using actor semantics, as in Smalltalk. basically numerical. (1bis is substan 8. A n'ch set of built· in functions. It seems to work very nicely. tiated by the fael that Logo, PILOT, and I agree, but I feel the ability to add Semantics: We have to decide what our Small talk are not basically numerical.) functions is even more important. primitive actors will be. This is not easy, 3. Can be implemented in about 4K 9. Substantially better than BASIC. so I will do no more than sketch an ex ample. The primitive for graphics could bytes 0/ ROM. I feel this is the most important cri· be a pen. It would have a location, an up/ This seems unnecessarily small to me. terion. Unless, we produce something downness, a color, and possibly a direc Surely memory prices have gotten to the 'better' than BASIC we might as well tion and a width. We could then say point where we can afford to use 8K not begin. bytes [or even 16K! J . The increase shouJd things like: pen at 20 30,point 0, down, do 4 Annie & friends at the front desk. Plenty of room to play. certainly enable us to have a more power Comments on Reader Feedback: (move 10, turn 90) fullanguage. I don't want to make comments on any and draw a to by 10 square. of the specific suggestions. I feel that Syntactics: The actuaJ form of a Ian· starting from features is the wrong way guage is very important. It is also very to go about designing a language. After difficult to establish a 'goodness' metric MARIN COMPUTER CENTER all, we can generate features almost ad for. Consequently, J make no proposals infmitwn. I think we should design in for it. more of a top·down way by first dealing BY ANNIE FOX with pragmatics, then semantics, and fmally syntactics. Pragmatics deals with the relations between the users and the For Oller a year now, Dallid and Annie Fox have successfully language. This means asking questions There's hardly any age barrier to learning PILOT. It's prollen a flew concept in computer education. It's the Marin like: "Who are going to be the users of easy to use, and Idds as young as 5 or 6 have learned to Computer Center, a lion-profit organization, where anyone the language?" and "What sort of things program this non-math oriented computer langauge. can walk·in and learn abollt computers in a safe, 1I0fl-mtimj 4. Uses a color TV wilh simpie graphics. will they be trying to do?" Once we have OOtiflg environment. Their main goal is to bring the wonders Sounds good, but what exactly do we a clear idea of what we want the language People's Computers has run a nwnber of articles on PI· of adllanced technology to the people. The Center was created mean by 'simple graphics'? Also, if some· to do we can work on the semantic level. LOT. A really great introduction by Phyllis Cole appears (0 give large numbers of people easy access to computers as one is paying the extra for a color TV Semantics deals with the basic concepts in the May-lune 1977 issue of PC. A nwnber of PILOT well as an understanding about how they work. they can surely afford the extra to have of the language. This means deciding how programs by Ellen Nold and Sallie Cannon of Stanford an 8K language rather than a 4K. we want the user to think about the University are printed in the Sept-Oct and Nov-Dec MCC offers direct "hands-on" experience with persoTlilI 5. Superficially, it looks kind of like things they want to do. For example, do issues of PC. We're so happy that you've kept all our computers through programming classes, or reasonable hourly Tiny BASIC. Hold on a minute. Let's we allow them to use unrestricted control Conclusion: back issues! rental of the equipment for whatever you want to do. For not restrict our options too soon. BASIC transfers (goto's) or only more restricted I feel a new language is a good idea. We more infonnation write (0: like st ru cture is not necessarily the way concepts (ifs, while's, etc.). At the last should continually try to improve our Processor Teclmology supports PILOT on their SOL and Marin Computer Center to go either syntactically or semantically. level is syntactics. Here we decide exactly tools for working with computers and may be obtained by writing to: 70 Skyview Terrace, Room 301 While the semantic structure of BASIC how we write a program in the langauge. language is perhaps the most important Processor Technology San Rafael, CaIifomitI 94903 (i.e., conmlands) is probably the most Admittedly, the actual design process tool we use. But we should make a (415) 829-2600 common form, there are other forms, will involve switches between levels and 'better' language each time. Better to stay PILOT 8080, Version 2.2 l1lis article relates some of Annie's experiences at tile Center. such as function (as in LISP) and actors backtracking, rather than a straight line with a bad language than to switch to a 7100 lohnson Industrial Drive Also, you?l filld STAR WARS HODGE, a game written in (as in Smalltalk). There are other possi· march. different bad language. The former may Pleasanton, CA 94566 PILOT by David Fox. - CB bilities for syntax too. For example, be disheartening. but the latter is idiotic. compare BASIC, PILOT, and ALGOL. Some Specific Suggestions: Dean Brown has a Z ·80 version of PILOT which runs on The differences are not trivial. Pragmatics: The language is to be most Eryk Vershen a MCZ system. Contact: 6. Allllariables are stn"ng Ilariables useful to kids, so we know who the users Stanford, California Dean Brown While this proposal has advantages are. What they want to do is more diff· (408)446-4666 in unifomtity I think it loses out on the Editor's Comment: Last time, Bob Kahn Zilog, Inc. grounds of efficiency. But only if we are described the Exidy Sorceror™, a per 10460 Bubb Road having a basically numerical language. sonal computer (lUll will accept plug-in Cupertino, CA 95014 The paint is how do you reconcile the 16K ROM Pacs. Hmmm ... sure would concept of being good for BASIC type be nice to plug in a not-so-tiny language You're aJso invited to join the PILOT Information problems with this criterion? for kids-a language designed for Ilery Exchange. Write to Earl Keyser for information: 7. We also halle one· dimensional string young children to use for games, graphics, Earl Keyser arrays. music and other things of interest to kids. (515) 424-5548 Why stop there? We should have multi - The Dragon 22 Clover Lane dimensional arrays and general structures Mason City, Iowa 50401 (as in C for example). It work$ this way Mommy! ==~--=~== PEOPLE'S COMPUTERS 6 NOV·OEC 7 The Marin Computer Center was created for the purpose David is a futurist, (he's got Aquarius Rising) and he enjoys, ming stories and letters which are beautifully fonnatted and If they just want to "have fun," they can choose from the of giving computer knowledge to "the people." We feel admires, and relishes in technology. But unlike many pro· centered on the screen. After three sessions they are writing GAMES listing: they can try to capture the Romulans with that the biggest threat of the 1984 "Big Brotherism" is not in techonology folks, he sees technology as valuable only as it fairly sophisticated interactive games. Because PILOT is so their blasted cloaking device, manage the economy of SETATS the proliferation of computers but rather in the lack of public relates to serving people, He saw computers, especially micro simple to understand and to use, the kids in my six·week class DETINU (a large nation of Middle Earth), hunt for buried computer awareness. Therpfore, back in September 1977, we computers as a new technology with a tremendous amount to are moving at a velocity easily twice the speed of my earlier treasure on an island surrounded by sharks who are always set out to take the knowledge, which had heretofore been so offer in the servicing of people. And yet knowing the way BASIC classes for kids. Since the computer logic in both looking for a handout (or any other part of you!). carefully guarded in the laboratories and the computer science most of the world feels about computers, there was a great languages is the same, I would have to attribute the difference departments of universities, and spread it around. With a real need for public acceptance which he felt certain would come to the flexibility of PILOT. When a kid wants to have a com You can have all of these adventures and many more. And sense of fun and irreverence, (which computers need so that once people had an opportunity to interact with them in a puter print out" Hello, Jane" in BASIC, he has to do it like while you are using the computer as an electronic vehicle to their egos don', swell out of proportion) we have been teach "safe" environment. this: new realms of reality, you will undoubtedly find that your ing people about computers. And through our computer pro 10 PRINT "Hello, Jane" attitude about computers has been altered drastically. They no gramming classes, "utterly baffled" people of all ages and back And so that's the kind of environment we created- spacious longer represent something very large and overwhelmingly grounds have discovered: (I) computers are fun to play with; and yet wann. Comfortable and calm. Even when the place In PILOT it's: powerful and "anti-persona!." Rather, a close encounter of (2) computers are diligent servants but rather limited in their is ftIled with people playing games and writing programs, T: Hello, Jane the Third Kind with a micro computer will leave you with imaginations; (3) that the frightening myths about computers, there still reigns a certain animated serenity in the space which the afterglow of having discovered a new way to exercise your such as "computers are taking over the world; we are all their makes for a wonderful place to learn about something you Kids don't like having to worry about those line numbers or mind, stimulate your creativity and serve your interest. And slaves" were obviously started and perpetrated by individuals might be slighty scared of. little quotation marks (nobody writes like that). For one there's nothing more "personal" than that! who have never worked with them. thing, it's hard to remember to put the quotes on both ends Here is a listing of a progranl called STARWARS HODGE We've learned that when you put someone in front of a com written in Processor Technology's new PILOT. The original puter to teach them programming it really doesn't matter version of the game was written by Keith Anderson. Tllis whether they are ten or sixty. In fact, other than touch typ version was written al Marin Computer Center by David Fox ing skills, which can be a decided advantage, age has very little (a 27 year old kid). effect on the learning of "computerese". In some instances, (actually, most of them, when I stop and think about it) the kids seem to have the learning advantage. You see, thanks to "Star Trek", "Star Wars", and the consumer video games of the past few years, kids between the ages of 10 to 15 LOVE computers. They've never had the negative computer associ R, STARWARS HODGE "Y DAVID FOX ated experiences that their parents grumble about. They've R, BASED O!I !lODGE BY S.WILLI~" S , Ie.ANDERSON II , "100 S/75, 18/77, 5/78 never received a computerized bill, pay check or magazine ' StAIIT subscription. They've never had a bank error on their monthly CII, CA : 6 . n statement, or been "tripped up" or "found out" by the IRS's Whit·. the young computer scientist watching1 T , •• STAR W AltS 1I0DGE ••• rOOT , computer. They've never experienced any of that kind of CII: stuff- and in their naivete they are open and willing to learn. C,A- ' He's gening 8 blast out of the big screen. cC,cB..-' , What do people do here? The Marin Computer Center has C, D·g When your image of a computer is a super-intelligent, anti 13 microcomputers, which are the kind you've heard about C,E- ' C:F·' human, show-off machine, (as it is to one degree or another as "home" or "personal" computers. For those of you C:II- 0 for many adults) then learning its language and operations who are familiar with different systems, we've got nine SOL of your message, and for another, they're tricky to type since C, II·' c: I _ e would seem like an insurmountable task. "Oh I could never 20's by Processor Technology (one with a Micromation Uley require the coordination of tile shift key. C, J"& learn that! I was an English major!" C,L· I Dual Floppy with CP/M and a Diablo Hyterm Printer, and C,X- & one with North Star Drives); one Equinox-IOO by Parasitic Kids love computer games and we have used games very suc u 11'): "DISPLAY J (1' ) , "PASS Let me tell you something. Before I got into computers I Engineering; one PET by Commodore; one APPLE-II; 16K cessfully to introduce kids (of all ages) to the wonders of c ,p· l wasn't exactly a mechanical engineer! (Though I did run a Level II Radio Shack TRS-SO; and an IMSAI VDP-40. We micro computers. Now those of you who have spent any CA,2,48 nursery school which may not be all that different.) I was one also have about 150 programs (mostly games) in our library. time with computer games know that it's a very rare game that " CA, 5 of the "Artiste-Elite" who writes children's stories, plays the So people come in and rent computer time ($2.25/hr. for non· deserves a second or third go around with most bright kids. 1:Thls proqra. wi ll Shaw you r o wl o f I s eters . guitar and does astrological gardening. Do you think I ever, members and S1.50/hr. for members-a membership costs So we've found that giving kids the tools with which they T,pre • • the RETURN' bu tton to .e. t hea . " INKAX, I in my most bizarre psychic visions, pictured myself not only S12.50 a year). If they know programming, they can use our can create their own games has them captivated totally. At working with, but playing with, as well as teaching others systems to program in BASIC, ASSEMBLY,PILOT or FORT that point they are creatively computing. And the novelty of U=,,'DISpLAY" about computers? Never! I could have more readily envisioned RAN. If they don't know programming and would like to the experience is then omy limited to their creative imagina CII, myself running for school board on the "Lecithin for Lunch" tion. CA,1 learn, we offer the following classes: PLAYING WITH PILOT, T,Yo u "ill try t o find wo r dl f UMI the 80vle ST ~RWAR S hidd e n I n Ticket! BEGINNING BASIC, and BASIC n (for those who are still "T'the se l e tters. So •• o f t he words a r e wr ltt a n ACROSS , Othe r e hungry after the first COUIse). When kids who have been through our classes come back to T, - So how did this transfonnation of interest come about? Well, the Computer Center, they often spend more of their time T,a.e vritten UP and DOWN. So.a of t he wo r ds are v rltten I've got to admit, it was not my idea to get into the business Of all of the classes I've taught, the most incredible things programming games than playing games. After they know how "T'BA CIeWARDS , s o l ook caref ullyll of computer education. It was my husband's-his and a few of have happened in my classes for kids- specifically in the clas to program, they feel that programming is more fun; with PI i;I aaw the v o rds J AWA' acral. , and LU ~ E ' readln<;J down . his nutty friends. For three years he had been doing one-to ses that are learning PIWT. Since April, I've been teaching LOT, they really do get the sense that they "know how." " one counseling, and after all those hours of helping people computer programming in PILOT to kids as young as 3rd T, Presl ·~E TU R~· a nd I wi l l ahow you . unravel their lives, the figured he had finally learned enough grade and the results have been startling! PILOT is a language For people with business applications in mind, we've got a C",y-e u, 'DISPLAY about himself to quit. He wanted a change, and since he has that does not hang kids up with a lot of syntactical t>arbs the TEXT EDITOR, as well as specific programs that can do U"BLIN~ MAILING LISTS, CHECK BALANCING, and LOAN 'PASS always had an affinity for machines and tinkering with them, way BASIC does. Instead, it is easy to manipulate and master. CIto, II the idea of a community computer center was born. After one class seSSion, I have seen S year old kids program- AMMORTIZATION. T ,Type the ..o rcl B you sea . • PEOPLE'S COMPUTERS NOV·DEC 9 'I' Try _",ain and a9aln - I aM keep!n" sco
~···· A1J in the MIND BY WARWI CK SLOUGH
" Belial came last, than whom a Spirit more lewd Fell not from heaven .. . " Milton, Paradise Lost (Book I) BY STEVE PERRIN AND FRIENDS Wanvick Slough lives in Twickenham, peared. As he recorded the sequence a slightly above its head. Furthennore by Middlesex, UK. The only things we know shiver of cold Tan down his back and he focussing his attention on any part of the about Wanvick must be inje"ed {rom his wondered if he was about to succumb to room he appeared to be in that part of story. He has read Milton, is [amiliar the influenza virus which had recently the room. He focussed on the window with computers, parapsychology and per been running through the population. and noticed the snow which was now haps the plum of the lower worlds-but D, E, A, T flashed the display unit beginning to fonn a thin white layer on read an ... -RZ seemed as though there was an inbuilt roads and paths. For the first time he preference for E and A he thought-H now also noticed the head. Rationalis· added the machine, as if through an ing to himself he reasoned that no head The parapsychological department of the afterthought. Oh ftne-OEATH-if the could exist some thirty feet from the university was a small compact arrange circuitry was going to prefer arrange ground without sign of support-must ment of rooms on the third floor of a ments of letters what the hell was wrong be hallucinatory he thought. A very vivid characteristically modem, glass and con with SEX? Outside it was almost dark experience it certainJy was for the head crete, oblong box. The money to main now and a flurry of snow whipped against now grinned wickedly at him and parts tain the random letter distribution (RLO) the window pane. He started another of a body were faintly visible as an research work going on under Dr. Robert random selection run, becom.ing absorbed electric blue fluorescence. A talon·like Sinclair was grudgingly donated by a in the task at hand. Had he glanced up hand seemed to be beckoning him. number of foundations. Some part of he might have seen, gazing in, an appar Where in hell was it inviting him? Where tlns reluctance was probably due to the ently disembodied head, floating three in Hell? fact that Sinclair was a convinced sceptic stories up and showing some interest about the reality of psi phenomena, in his endeavours. The head possessed a Somewhere in the immenSity of space· and therefore frequently found himself malevolently evil face which was con time the Prince of Darkness sighed. in the curious position of seeking fman torted into a fierce grin. Since however it Another behavioural psychologist to join cial support to carry out work which was was quite obviously not within conven· an already overstaffed team whose aim intended to rationalise away the necessity tional experience his brain might not was to rationalise away the existence of for invoking paranonnal processes at all. have registered it as a recordable image, himself and his influence. That idea such was the intenSity of his detennina of evolving consciousness in man had The most recent investigations involved tion to fit all phenomena into the frame been very productive initially (consider the random selection of sequences of work of everyday experience. the bloodshed and cruelty engendered Runequest is a role-playing fantasy adventure game (see letters of the alphabet by designed by differing devotees of THE TRUTH), The birth Into this world of Umalh, the Primal Air, Dragonsmoke, People's Computers, Volume 7, no. 2, shattered the period of peace with crowding, confusion electronic Circuitry, which were displayed However the head showed no sign of re but now it was producing some boring Sep/Oct 1978). In this and future issues of PC (soon to be and fear. This escalated Into the War of the Gods, as green, glowing discharges in a small quiring reCOgnition, and continued to souls. Recreational Computing), we will publish excerpts from resulting In the death of the Sun, the Great Oarkness dark grey unit. The intention had been to watch with amused interest the flicker Runequest and begin building computer programs to (1) and Chaos let loose upon the world. Total Destruction fmd subjects who could influence the ing electronic displays taking place at It would probably be necessary to submit 8$$;st a gamemasterconduct a game of Runequest or (2) im seemed near. I order in which letters were produced by the bench. Presently Sinclair with a sigh a supplementary estimate for time plement 8 simple form of Runequest as a computer game. But Glorontha was not destroyed. Spurred on by exerting their wishes in some separate spent in the current era to the ACEE Hope and Chance, the Seven lightbrlngers sought took up a screwdriver and removed a If you wish to play along, we suggest you get your very ,I It through the chaos-ridden cosmos and, after harrowing room. had however taken rather longer plate from one of the units. He then (Advisory Council for Engendering own copy of Runequest $8 from The Chaosium, P.O. Box adventures, liberated the life-giving Sun God. The than anticipated to set up the electronic examined various wire connections inside Evil). Better have a word with Streicher 6302, Dept P, Albany CA 94706. equipment and to get it ruMing in an the assembly. A sudden unpleasant ting (or was it Eichmann who was chairing Joyful god leapt to his rightful place in the sky and the dark was banished. acceptable manner. On this particular ling in his fmgers told him that the cur· these days?) Here are some excerpts from Aunequest. To keep entroplc Chaos from coming to their realm afternoon Sinclair was once again engaged rent was not quietly following its pre again, the gods swore great oaths and compacts, in testing the experimental set-up. It ordained pathway. He returned once Didn't help of course when all the Cos HISTORY resultlng In the Great Compromise. Men call this Time. was midwinter and the sky had already again to the flashing letters. 8-E-l-l mologists were joining the other side By altering the world, the gods saved It, and History turned to a leaden grey layer, shot with A- l spelled the machine. SoWlded working on the technology of the 'Big Glorontha was created by Its deities from the Primal began. crimson and mauve, as the sun disap familiar he thought-where in hell had Bang.' Void of Chaos. At first, there was no history, for the There followed the Dawn Ages. This was a time of peared below the horizon. In the labora· he heard BELIAL? As he attempted to Initial creation formed the period of magic and timeless peace and growing, as the survivors rebuilt and taught tory the reduction in light intensity made rezero the machine his fmger contact His reverie was disturbed as a circular simultaneity calhsd Godtlme. During this time, all the themselves the way of the world inside Time. The the glowing green letters stand out from with the buttons seemed elusive. He silver vehicle sped by close to the speed world was populated with the beings and races of the Ancient Races, Elves, Dragonewts, Dwarves, and Golden Age. their background and Sinclair made no attempted to rise from his chair and of light. Blast Kirk and his Enterprise; Trolls, were as healthy and proud as Humans. In attempt to introduce any artificial illumi found surprisingly that he could look his voyages seemed eternal in time nation. E, A, P, 8 formed and disap· down at his own figure from a point as well as space. 0 12 PEOPLE'S COMPUTERS NOV-DEC 13 ~ See Chapter X, for a list of what metals are aligned to Adventurer gains experience In fighting, magic, and Dragon Pass, on the continent of Genertela, the First balanced Constancy and Change, life and death, love which Runes. Note that all coins are alloyed, as are gold other skills, as well as money to purchase further Council was a balanced organization including humans and Indifference, and all the dichotomies of the and sliver ornaments . training. and non-humans, men and women, mortals and Universe, Including a touch of Chaos. Her arrival The Adventurer progresses In this way until he is so divinities. changed the face of the land. proficient that he comes to the attention of the High Th is age of Innocence could not last. Ancient feuds After living on Glorontha a short time she ascended SOCIOLOGICAL BASE Priests, Sages, and Gods. At this point he has the were remembered and conflicts grew with peoples to the heavens where she remains In her cyclical Glorontha Is an Ancient Period and early Dark Ages option to JOin a Rune Cult. Joining such a cult gives him outside the Council. Inside dissension and outside beauty, viewing the land which she left to her family world. It has far more to do with Mesopotamia, Ancient many advantages, not the least of which Is aid from the enemies forced the formation of the Second Council, a below. The ever-reincarnating Red Emperor of the China, Hyborla, and Lankhmar than It does with god of the cult. warlike empire, which grew in arrogance and power Lunar Empire is her son and her pride. Medieval Europe, Le Mort' D'Arthur, or the Carolin Acquiring a Rune by Joining such a cult Is the goal of until they dreamed of bringing back the Godtlme. the The Lunar Empire expanded from Its founding In gian Cycle. Its heroes are Conans, Grey Mousers, and the game, for only In gathering a Rune maya character experiment ended In the birth of GbaJI, the Chaos god, 1220. When defeated It rebounded stronger than ever. Rustums, not LanceJots, Perclvals, and Rolands. take the next step, up Into the ranks of Hero, and whose reign of terror kept Glorontha at war with Itserf They went North to the Icy wastes, East to the bounds Unlike the worlds In other role playing games, there perhaps Superhero. for 75 years. This was the death knell of the Inhuman of the Horse barbarian lands, and West until they were Is no Alignment, as such. People have allegiances to races, which have never had the same stature in the halted by the magical Syndics Ban. But In the South the nations, cities, religions, and tribes, not to abstract world since then . ThIs was the end of the Dawn Ages. EmpIre continued to grow and grow. concepts. It is also possible for people within the game EQUIPMENT NEEDED TO PLAY Out of this shattered world grew new political When they reached Dragon Pass they found It to survive quite well with no allegiances whatever entities. Among the most powerful was the state which populated again. Moreover, it was owned by the except to themselves. Besides this set of rules, RUNEQUEST players wilt called Itself the Empire of the Wyrms Friends. This Kingdom of Sartar, ruled by a wise dynasty cautious to In Glorontha, the gods, In the forms of their followers need the following materials: empIre, centered In Dragon Pass , lasted for 500 years, maintain the great and magical laws which gave it Its and cults, play an active and Important part In most DICE proud of and famous for their friendship with the strength. major events. However, most gods are complementary, Dragons and Wyrms of the Pass . The peoples and Despite Initial defeats, the Emperor eventually and rarely oppose each other directly. Only the gods of Dice of many shapes and sides are needed for this places thrived, made contact with two other continents, marched almost unhindered Into the Sartar capital of Power are actively antagonistic, and even then only game. They are usually available at any game store. If and delved deep Into spiritual byways. Boldhome. He defiled the Temple of Sartar and within their own spheres of Interest. there are no game stores In your area, addresses of After several hundred years the Empire was replaced ravaged the city. So far, It was the typical Lunar suppliers are printed In the appendix. The minImum by a ruling body of men and gods called the Third conquest. mix needed for play is as follows: Council. Legends relate that there was no telling the But the spirits of Sartar Temple incited the natives to MONETARY BASE men from the gods In the Council chambers. rebellion. When the Lunar Priestesses attempted to But the magic of the Council could not counter the The coinage of Glorontha Is based on sliver. While TYPE ABBREVIATION construct a Temple of the Reaching Moon on Wind Top both gold and copper are used as coins, sliver Is by far miseries of Its worshippers, or control the swords of the to extend the Glowllne, a Dragon unearthed Itself under 1 pair of 20 sided percentile dice 0100 rebels who did not sacrifice to them. Foreign gods the most common monetary metal. Sliver coinage was 1 20 sided die marked from 1 to 20 020 the foundation, devouring the priestess there and halt first Introduced Into Glorontha by the Lunar Empire. In gained power and prestige as the provinces of the Third of the attendant armies. Shortly afterward, rebellion In 1 12 sided die 012 Council revolted or were overrun by Invaders. the Empire, the basic sliver coin Is referred to as an 1 8 aided die OS the outpost city of Pavls spelled a Lunar defeat, and the Imperial. In Sartar it Is called a Sovereign, and In the At last the Council turned Its energies to defending Victorious barbarian warlord led his army towards 3 6 sided dice D6 Its worshippers. Ep ic battles raged across the land. At city of Corfiu, run by various guilds, It Is called a 1 4 sided dIe D4 Dragon Pass. Guilder. All of these coins are roughly equivalent In last the Dragonewts, dormant for centuries, rose The warlord was Argath Dragontooth, member of a against the Council and slew them all. value. The generic term for sliver coins used over the minor Sartar household and refugee from Lunar continent Is the Lunar, in honor of the Lunar Empire. Seventy-eight years later the humans who had aided Justice. He had grown famous amongst the tribes of WithIn these rules, dice will be referred to using the In the destruction of the EmpIre turned against the Note thai a Lunar, referred to in the game as L, Is worth Prax and now claimed helrdom to Sartar's realm. He about one pre- WW II English Pound, or five Dollars. above abbreviations. Thus, If It Is necessary to roll two Dragonewts. With few allies, they seemed helpless defeated Lunar forces In a military victory and relit the twelve sided dice, It will be written as 2012. before the destroying might of the hordes. Nests were Gold was the first coinage of the world, brought to fire In Sartar's Temple with a command. Thus, the the people by the enigmatic Sun-Wheel Dancers. In Occasionally, It will be necessary to roll one three sided scoured with wildfire, planted with seeds laid by Empire was thrown back again. die, 03. Simply roll a 06 and divide by two, always Chaotic parasites, sealed by diseases unnamable, and their honor, Gold coins are stili called Wheels. Gold, The bravery and glory of Sartar's fight for however, Is scarce and very valuable. One golden rounding up. Thus, 1-2=1, 3-4=2, 5·6=3. cursed by fear and loathing for any that would mourn independence attracted thousands of volunteers, and them. Wheel equals twenty Lunars of sliver. Gold Is stili people from all about Glorontha became Adventurers In maInly used as a means of settling debts between Heartless and relentless, the humans crushed and order to build up their skills to take their places In the OTHER PLAYING AIDS plundered, but when they closed In upon Dragon Pass nations rather than Individuals. ranks. The period was known as the Hero Wars, and Copper coins were Invented by the Dwarves. As Is RUNEOUEST does not need a playing board. The the assembled human armies met those who would the fighting around Dragon Pass drew the greatest players' Imaginations provide the stage on which the mourn the loss of Dragonewts. The Dragons from all usual with any innovation brought out by that most collection of Heroes and Super-Heroes the world had Inventive race, humans shrink from acknowledging the characters act. As assistance in thIs drama, you'll find across Time and Space assembled In their ancestral ever seen In one place. the following helpful: home to preserve the purity of their birthplace. The contribution. The copper coin Is called a Clack, or often This Is the game of that period. In these pages one just a Copper. It takes ten Clacks to equal one Lunar. PAPER, blank, lined, and quadrille ruled (graph paper) Dragonklll War got its name from what the Dragons learns how to start to become a Hero, to take one's did, not what they suffered. Humans have feared the place In the Hero wars. PENCILS AND PENS Dragons since that time, despite draconic indifference, and none now seek to smash the eggs of the PURPOSE OF THE GAME TINfLEAD OR PLASTIC FIGURINES (these are Dragonewts, even though they might plunder the nest optional, but give the play some focus and help settle TECHNOLOGICAL BASE city. The title of the game, RUNEQUEST, describes Its arguments over who was ,where. We recommend 25mm Dragon Pass was abandoned by humanity. Else Glorontha Is a Bronze Age world. Bronze Is common, goal. The player creates one or more characters, known military mlnatures as the best all around size.) where, old empires shook and the seas were utterly and can be mined directly from the bones of the gods as Adventurers, and plays them In various scenarios TIME (ranging from a couple of hours for a quick closed to human crossing. New Kingdoms rose to fill wno died In the Gods' War. These bones provide a designed by a Referee. The Adventurer has the use of scenario to years for a long-running campaign) ready source of the metal. combat, magiC, and other skills to survive and gain the power vacuums and new magics and deities broke GLASS OR PLEXIGLASS SHEET AND GREASE free from ancfent shackles. Unaltoyed, or pure, metals, such as Iron, tead, tin, glory, advancement In his skills, and treasure. The Refereee has the use of assorted monsters, traps, and PENCIL (for sketching In the outlines of rooms and North of Dragon Pass , In the region called Pelorla, and copper, prevent a person from usIng magic unlesa corridors) there arose the Red Mood Goddess. In her were he Is "sealed" to the Rune connected with that metal. his own wicked Imagination to keep the Adventurer from his goal within the rules of the game. A surviving IMAGINATION 0 'It
14 PEOPLE'S COMPUTERS NOV· OEC 15 ------,----- TRS-SO: FROGS! BY RAMON M ZAMORA
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FROGS is a game in which two sets of sion of this game. (See the photographs four objects are placed on a nine posi of the screen during a 'jump.') tion board. One set placed to the left; the other to the right. This layout leaves I also experimented with two other a vacant position in the center of the features on the TRS-80: the INKEY$ board. TIle game consists of reversing keyboard strobe function and the char the two setS of objects by either sliding acter construction capability. The IN feature allows the user to enter TIle L-S Society is a non -profit, tax one object to an empty position or having KEYS all program input data without having to excmpt organization under Section 501 one object jump one other object into use the ENTER key. The string hand (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code. a vacant place. No other moves are * considered legal. This game was presented ling features of the language allows the Donors may dcduct contributions to the * L-S Society as provided by Section 170 by Mac Ogelsby for the SR -52 in the of the Code. October 1977 issue of Colculators/Com The L- IETY puters (Vol. 1, No.2, pp. 5-8).· The L-S Society takes its name from the ********.*.*** for proposals and contract awards. And, fifth Lagrangian libration Point (abbrevi About a month ago, the Dragon (Bob .. .. perhaps most important, the L-5 News ated L-S). In 1772, the French math Albrecht), gave me a Level II 16K TRS- For the readers who wish to run- FROGS .. For a list of L·S Society Chapters, : provides a forum for discussing what ematician Joseph Lagrange determined 80 and asked me to look at some games and would like to minimize the amount .. see page 41. Jt history may judge to be the most signi that five libration points exist in the such as FROGS. I started with FROGS of eITort needed to type in the program: .. ficant issues of our century. Earth/Moon system. Three of them lie on .. .. since it allowed me to take the TRS-80 Do not type statements 95 to 97 *** * *****.******** a line connecting the Earth and Moon; and see if I could really make the frogs and statements 7000-8010_ The L·S Society sponsors several tech these are L-I, L-2, and L-3. TIley are 'jump'. The accompanying program, TIlese program lines contain the instruc nical conferences each year. Next on the unstable; a body placed there and moved which utilizes the TRS-80 PRINT@ tions for running FROGS and will not BY CAROL YN HENSON schedule is "TIle Future United States slightly will tend to move away, though feature, provides a simple animated ver- affect the general program execution. Space Program," cosponsored by the it will not crash directly onto the Earth Have fun with FROGS!! American Astronautical Society. to be or Moon. The other two, L-4 and L-S, Here is infomlalion from and abow the held in Houston October 30 through lie at an equal distance from the Earth L-S Society. If you are interested in fhe November 2. Society members who wish and Moon, in the Moon"s orbit, thus colonization of near space, try the L-S to altend will receive a discount on forming equilateral triangles with Earth Society. 111ere aTe //lOTe itzleresfing things conference fees. and Moon. Due to the sun's disturbing concatenation of special graphics codes to do in the galaxy Illan shooting up Kling influence, a colony could be placed not to create a set of characters to represent OIlS. Hmmm . .. maybe the Don Quixote If you want to influence legislation affect directly at L-4 or L-S, but rather in an the frogs. Starship will happen. - TIle Dragon ing space settlements, industries and solar orbit around one of these points. power satellites, you may wish to sign up If you want to keep well informed abollt for the Society's Legislative Information However, if we can't have an L-S colony, The combination of these capabilities of developments affecting space settlements, Service (LIS). This service, available at or even one at L-4, we'll settle for less the TRS-80 demonstrates the potential industries and solar power satellites, no extra cost to Society members who interesting orb its. Creating tens of thous of this machine for developing interesting you'JI want to stay up to date with the request it, provides frequent first-class ands of jobs and homes for us in space variations of games and educational L-S News. The L-5 News, the monthly mailings covering space related bills, before the end of the century is the goal programs. (Look for a TRS-80 animated magazine of the L-S Society, carries fast appropriations, Presidential and executive of the L- 5 Society. version of REVERSE elsewhere in this breaking news, in.depth articles by major branch studies and policy statements. issue.) LIS gives subscribers the opportunity For more information contact Carolyn workers in these fields, reviews of perti· © Copyri!tlt '978 by Ramon M. Zamora nent books, articles and papers, announce to participate in Department of Energy Henson, L-S Society, 1620 N. Park Ave., ~ MAC also had a teletype version of this This material is pBn of B book-in-progress: ments of job opportunities, requests hearings and space-related public events. Tucson AZ 85719 (602) 622 -6351. 0 game in pee, Vol. 5, No.3, Nov-Dec,1976 TRS·80 GAMES & PROGRAMS. '6 PEOPLE'S COMPUTERS NOV-DEC 17 85 REM ** FR0GS 16K LEVEL II BAS IC TRS-SO R. ZAM~A 9/9/78 ** 90 DIM P(9): AS"' ...... "' .. " 91 BS- CHRS(191) + CHRS(179) + CHRS(191) CpmtNct graphic chlracten. 92 C$= CHR$(191), C$- CS+CS+CS 9S PRINT"FR0GS GAME--D0 Y0U NEED INSTRUCTI0NS?"; Check if inUNction. Ire needed. 96 D$=INKEY$: IF OS .. "" THEN 96 ELSE 97 97 IF O$ .. "Y" THEN 7000 ELSE 100 100 CLS:F0R 1 .. 0 T0 8:PRINT@528+4*I." ... "+CHRS(49+l)+" ...... ";:NEXT Printcha..-ctenl-9 105 F0R 1 .. 1 T0 4:P(I) .. 1: P(I+5).-1:NEXT:C-O il'lproperpositiont. 110 PRINT@lO,STRINGS(30 " ... ");: PRINT@lO,"FR0GS"; 120 F0R 1 .. 0 T0 3: PRINT@464+4*I,B$; 130 PRINT@484+4*I,CS ' :NEXT Print Iymbol. to be uMld I. 'frCJ9S.' 140 PRINT@74 STRINGsbO,"o.") ;:PRINT@74,"FRj6M?'" Accept user inP\lt and ulidate. 142 FS.INKEY~' IF F$='''' THEN 142 ELSE F-VAL(F$l 143 PRINT@80 F; : PRINT@84,"T0?";: IF F$ .. "S" THEN 1032 144 FS . INKEY~' IF FS="" THEN 144 ELSE T_VAL( F$) 145 [email protected];:PRINT@20,STRINGS(23'''4'');:C_C+1 146 IF F$~"S" THEN 1032 147 IF ABS(T - F»2 THEN 160 148 IF r .. o ¢R F=Q THEN 160 150 IF T- F.O ~R P(T)=l ~R P(T) __ l THEN 160 ELSE 170 160 C=C-1:PRINT@20."ILLEGAL M~VE--TRY AGAIN"; :~T~140 BY HOWARD A PEELLE 170 IF ABS(T-F» 1 THEN 180 172 S.F'X.464,~SUB 2000 , S=T,~SUB 3500 Move ill llide. Good news, APL fans! We will have APL games, simulations determine which numbers are hidden by which masks, the 174 ~T~ 1000 or recreations in most every issue from now on. Use them as player may make inquiries to the computer. The player's 180 S=F'X.464,~SUR 2000, X.400,~SUB 3500 is or rewrite them in your favorite other language. And-just inquiries must be legal arithmetic expressions. The computer's 190 ~SUB 2000: S=T:~SUB 3500 Move is I jump. 200 ~SUB 2000, X=464 , ~SUB 3500 to keep up rhe momentum, send us an APL game to publish. responses to these inquiries are the correct evaluations, but are 1000 P(T)=P(F), P(F).O, S.O, T.O - The Dragon expressed in terms of masks. For example: 1005 F0R 1=1 T~ 4:S.S+P(I) :T=T+P(I+5):NEXT 10lD IF S .. -4 AND r",4 THEN PRINT@74,"YOU DID IT IN ",C," M¢VES" ;ELSE 140 INTRODUCTION B PLUS C (inquiry) 1020 PRINT@20,"wliuLO YIiU LIKE T¢ PLAY AN¢THER GAME?"; F (result) 1022 DS=INKEY;,: IF DS="" THEN 1022 ELSE 1030 "PHANTNUM" is an elementary mathematics game in which H MINUS B (inquiry) Check for end of game Ind repilY. 1030 IF "y" -OS THEN 100 the player is challenged to discover "phantom numbers" - A (result) 1032 PRINT@128,"THANK Y¢U F¢R PLAYING--BYE"; CTIMES E (inquiry) 1040 END numerals which have been disguised as different symbols. J (result) 2000 PRINT@X+4*(S-I),AS ; :RETURN Bllnkll(:r"n whlre move was made. The game of PHANTNUM presents a unique and intellectually 3000 F~R J-1 T0 300:NEXT:RETURN DeilY $0 Jump il vilible. 3500 IF P(F)~l THEN 4000 ELSE 6000 active way for children to study certain aspects of elementary Note that only the last (rightmost) digit of a multi-digit phan 4000 PRINT@X+4*(S-I),BS;:G¢SUB 3000:RETURN Prints symbol with hoi, in center. mathematics. Specifically, they can learn properties of the tom number is displayed and that the negative symbol pre 6000 PRINT@X+4*(S-I) ,CS; : G¢SUB 3000 : RETURN Prints $Olid symbol. fundamental arithmetic functions + - x while at the same ceding a negative phantom number is not shown. 7000 G¢SUB 8000 Imtruetion •. time reinforcing their computational skills. For instance, the 7020 PRINT"FR0GS BEGINS WOITH 8 SYMB0LS 0N A SPACE F0R 9 SQUARES," The above evaluations would hold true if the following assign 7030 PRINT"THE DISPLAY L0¢KS LIKE THIS T0 START:" child playing PHANTNUM confronts the identity elements 7040 F¢R I~O T¢ 3:PRINT@464+4*I,BS; for functions, and experiences the commutative property ments had been made: 7050 PRINT@484+4*I,CS;:NEXT in action. Also, children can be introduced to modular number 7060 F¢R I .. 0 T¢ 8:PRINT@528+4*I,"4"+CHR$(49+I)+".c>.c.";:NEXT systems at an early age without formal treatments. The general A ~ 4 7070 PRINT@576,"THE ¢BJECT IS T¢ REVERSE THE TW¢ SETS ¢F SYMB¢LS" idea of allowing numbers to be "masked" or unknown - a pre' B ~ 7 7080 PRINT"IN THE FEWEST M¢VES." requisite to understanding the concept of variable - can be C~2 7090 PRINT"THE END 0F THE GAME ¢CCURS W'HEN THE S~LS ARE" accepted easily and naturally. And. children playing this game D-5 7100 PRINT"IN THESE P0SITI0NS:" develop their general problem-solving abilities as they engage 7110 F¢R 1",0 T¢ 3:PRI NT@848+4*I,C$; E-8 7120 PRINT@868+4*I,BS; : NEXT in systematic experimentation, observation, and analysis to F-. 7130 PRINT@896,"HIT ANY KEY T¢ C¢N'UNUE--"; decide which experiment to do next in order to g~in the most G -, 7140 D$-INKEY$, IF DS-"" THEN 7140 information. H-3 7150 ~SU' 8000 I~O 7160 PRINT"A M¢VE IS A SLIDE ¢F ¢NE SYMB¢L T0 A VACANT SQUARE ¢R" HOW THE GAME IS PLAYED J~6 7170 PRINT" A H¢P ¢F ¢NE SYH'liL ~VER AN~THER SYHB¢L T¢ A" 7180 PRINT"VACANT SQUARE. N¢ !liTHER M~VES ARE ALLIIIW'ED." At the onset of the game, the computer (or some other in When the player thinks s/he has discovered a phantom 7190 PRINT"THE NUMBER ¢F THE SYMB¢L Till BE M0VED AND THE" number, the computer may be used to check conjectures. 7200 PRINT"NUMBER 0F THE SPACE T0 MIllVE T¢ ARE Till BE INPUT" dependent agent) assigns different symbols to the ten nu For example: 7210 PRINT"T¢ THE QUESTl¢NS: It merals. For instance, the letters A 8 C 0 E F G H I J might 7215 PRINT" FR¢M? T0?" be assigned as "masks" for the numerals 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7220 PRINT"HITTING THE S-KEY AT THESE QUESTI0NS WILL ST¢P THE GAME." (although not necessarily in that order). Then, the player is A = 4 (Does A equal 47) 7230 PRINT"ARE Y0U READY T0 PLAY?? HIT ANY KEY--" invited to discover which are which by using three arithmetic (Yes) 7240 D$-INKEY$: IF OS","" THEN 7240 ELSE 100 functions: PLUS, MINUS, and TIMES. That is, in . order to 8=7 (Does B equal 71) 8000 CLS'PRINT"INSTRUCTI~NS F¢R FR~GS" Th, symbol 6. indieates I 1If)aC8. (Yes) 8010 PRINT"------":PRINT:RETURN Reprinted with permission from Calculators/Computers magazine. C=5 (Does C equal 51) o Menlo Park, CA 94025. Copyright ©1978 by Howard A. Peelle. 0 (No) 18 PEOPLE'S COMPUTERS NOV-DEC '9 - -
PLAYING PHANTNUM C PLUS G Adding 1 (the successor function) H produces the other phantom A sample game of PHANTNUM played via computer is shown numbers in order. below. The child enters the name of the program PHANTNUM and the computer prints the rest. H PLUS G A PHANTNUM A PLUS G BEWARE .. .. THE r~HJM§t;.B eJ:j8~IQM IS HERE! o I HAVE PUT MASKS ON THE NUMERALS 0123456789 D PLUS G SO YOU CAN'T RECOGNIZE THEM. J THE MASKS ARE: ABCDEFGHIJ J PLUS G AND YOU CAN USE THEM LIKE NUMBERS B WITH PLUS MINUS AND TIMES LIKE THIS: B PLUS C B PLUS G H MINUS B E C TIMES E BUT I WilL ONLY SHOW YOU THE LAST LETTER E PLUS G COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND WILL LEAVE OFF THE NEGATIVE SYMBOL F IN THE ANSWER. The computer programs used for playing the game of F PLUS G Note that this simple interaction PHANTNUM are written in A Programming Language GO AHEAD. TRY SOME YOURSELF. A TIMES C sequence is highly directed and (APL)-and may be executed on any standard APL computer ...... HEH ... HEH...... E Hmmm. A x 8 and A x C yield may not be representative of system. YOU'LL NEVER FIGURE OUT WHICH ARE WHICHI the same result (modulo 10). the typical student's work. Could be 2x 3 (6) and 2x 8 The main program for introducing the game is shown below: B PLUS C The child tries the examples (16 with the 1 left off) or 2 x Checking the answers: F suggested, and the computer 4and 2x 90r4x 2and4x 7 VPHANTNUM prints phantom numbers as or... etc. G - 1 11 I 'BEWARE ...... THE ~!.!M~~B ftl8~!Q.M IS results. Anyway, neither 8 nor C can be HEREt' 5 (or 0) and A cannot be 3. 121 MASK H MINUS 8 (Why not?) C-2 131 'I HAV E PUT MASKS ON THE NUMERALS' A 141 '0123456789' 151 'SO YOU CAN'T RECOGNIZE THEM.' C TIMES E What to try now? Well, there 161 J is one numeral which can be A TIMES D Indeed, A must be evenl (Why?) 171 'THE MASKS ARE:' exposed right away. IBI , ABCDEFGHIJ' 191 'AND YOU CAN USE THEM LIKE NUMBERS' H MINUS H Any number MINUS itself A TIMES E And, the results of multiplying 1 1101 'WITH PLUS MINUS AND TIMES LIKE THIS:' must result in 0 (the identity C by A must be even also. 1111 .. element for subtraction). 0 - 5 1121 B PLUS C' A TIMES F 1131 1"'0 Is I equal to D? J 1141 H MINUS B' 1 Yes. J=6 1151 A TIMESG 1161 C TIMES E' B PLUS I If I is the mask for 0, then any A Ahat A non· zero number times 1171 .. B number added to I will result in G is itself. G must be 1 (or 6). B-7 1181 'BUT I WILL ONLY SHOW YOU THE LAST the same number. Check. fO is LETTER' the identity element for addi· But G cannot be even if A, J, E, 1191 'AND WILL LEAVE OFF THE NEGATIVE tion.) I and C are even. (There are only E-B SYMBOL' five even numerals,) 1 1201 'IN THE ANSWER.' Trying multiplication: 1211 A T IMESA Therefore, G must be 1. F -9 1221 'GO AHEAD. TRY SOME YOURSELF.' J A is not 1 (the identity element 1231 ' ...... HEH ... HEH ...... ' for multiplication). Nor is it G=1 1241 'YOU'LL NEVER FIGURE OUT WHICH ARE 5 or 6. (How do we know?) It is. WHICHI' Finding 1 is a keyl o Whoops. V A TIMES B -APL il a relatively new ge-naral·purpose computer progrlmming E B is not 1. (Neither A nor B G PLUS G 1-0 There, that's right. l..,gul98 Invented by Dr. Kenneth E. lvenon of IBM. Orlginelly is 1 orO). c conceived II! • unifying mlthemltical notltion, APL has lince been applied in the fieldS of busineu, tellntific Te5elrch, and educltlon.
20 PEOPLE'S COMPUTERS NOV·DEC 21 -
Most of this program displays expressions (written in between quotation marks). line [2) calls for sub-program MASK. Some
Clarke, M. lad.1 Advances in Computar Chess I. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 1977. This is the first in (hopefully) a yearly series of papers on computer Harkness, K. Official Chess Hendbook. New York: David McKay, 1967. chess by people working in the field. It is definitely worth reading. This book is a useful compendium of information about chess. It con tains a copy of the official lews of chess, which bear perusal if you want Clarke, M.A.B. 'Some Ideas for a Ches, Compiler: Artificial and Human to be sure your program does everything correctly. Thinking. (Elithorn & Jones, eels.), Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1973, Newborn, Monroe. Computer Chess. New York: Academic Press. 1975. pp.189·198. Harris, l.A. 'The Heuristic Search and the Game of Chess: Proceedings While being general introductions to computer chess, both of these Thi, is a proposal for an ALGOL based language devoted to writing of the 4th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, books are mainly historical. Also, despite the congruence of subject computer chess programs. The language has been implemented as a 1975, pp. 334-339. matter both ani worth nlading, as hi$1ori&5. The Levy book is probably preprocessor. Harris is of the school that s.ays it is better to search a little in the right the best first reading for 'chess types.' places than to search a lot indiscriminantly. It is easier said than done.
OTHER BIBLIOGRAPHIES Huberman, B.J. 'A Program to Play Chess Endgames.' Stanford Techni cal Report CS 106 lalso Ph.D. Thesis) Stanford University, 1968. Marsland, T.A. 'A Comprehensive List of Compoter Chess Literatunl: A classic paper on an endgame program. Edmonton: UniveMiiry of Alberta. 1977. This is the best bibliography availeble. Copies may be obtained by Kister, J., Stein, P., Ulam, 5., Walden, W. & Wells, M. 'Experiments in sending $1 Ifor costsl and requesting 'technical report TR77-4' from: Chess.' Journal of the ACM, Vol. 4, 1957, pp. 174-177. Computing Sciance Department, UniV1lrsity of Alberta, Edmonton, This was probably the first computer chess program. Most of the exper MISCELLANEOUS NOTES Alberta T6G 2H 1 CANADA. iments in this article were done with a 6IC6 board, however. Two Artificial Intelligence newsletters, the SIGART Newsletter in the Two other bibliographies are contained in the Frey end Levy books Knuth, D.E. & Moore, R.W. 'An Analysis of Alpha-Beta Pruning.' Arti US, and FIRBUSH News in Eng!and, regularly carry articles on com mentioned under general books. ficiallntelligence, Vol. 6, 1975, pp.293-326. puter chess. The Computer Chess Newsletter started by Doug Penrod This is an excellent paper on the alpha-beta algorithm; in fact, it is ab has since been taken up by Personal Computing mageline as a monthly ARTICLES AND TECHNICAL BOOKS solutely indispensible for a thorough understanding of the algorithm. column. It first appearad in tha April, 1978 issue. The two issues of the newsletter that eppe8f"ed prior to that are also availeble from P9rsonal Adelson-Velsky, G.M., Artazarov, V.L.. & Donskoy, M.V. 'Some 1 Kotov, A. 'Think Like a Grandmaster.' Chess Digest, Dallas, 1971- Computing. Methods of Controlling the Tree Search in Chess Programs: Artificial tn this article, Kotov reflects on what he had to learn to become a Intelligence, Vol 6. 1975, pp.361·371. grandmIHter. Thi, a very good article. David Levy is planning -to publish another book on computer chess This is a paper by the KAISSA ProgtlllT1mers. They haven't done meny in early 1979. And, since the second Advances in Computer Chess papers, but this one is fairly typical of their style. DeGroot, A.D. Thought and Choice in Chess. The Hague: Mouton. Kozdrowicki, E.W. & Cooper, D.W. 'COKO III & the Future of Inter Conference has been held, we cen probably expect another volume 1965. Snap Judgment Communication.' Proceedings of ACM 73, 1973, in that series elso. Atkin, R.H. 'Multi-dimensional Structure in the Game of Chess.' This is the classic work on human thought processes while playing pp.213-218. Intf'maDOna/ Journal of Man-Machine Studies, Vol 4, 1972, pp.341- chess. It is usually referanced to show how far compoters are behind COKO is another program from the earty tournaments. It never did that This bibliography only covers a smattering of the literature. Indeed, 362. human players. well and eventually dropped out, but the ideas involved are of interest. sevaral people who have made considerable contributions to the field Atkin employs a highly mathematical approach. It involves representing are not even mentioned. Among them are L. Atkin, M.A. Bramer, positio," by figures in e multi ·dimensional space. The article is interest Evans, l. & Kom, W. Modern Chess Openings. New York: Pitman. Levy, D.N.L. & Hayes. J.E. The World Computer Chel:l Ch8l1lpionlhip, C. Kalme, D. Michie, D. Slate, and S.T. Tan. tn spita of the large ing reeding if you can handle the math. 1965. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1976. amount of effort that has been axpended on computer chess, many Most chess progf1WTls use an opening 'book.' These are often obtained Levy is certeinly the most prolific commentator on computer chess. ideas still remain untried, and many ideas have not yet been implemen © 1978 by Eryk Vershen from this source. This book's main value is the description. of the programs. ted $ueces$lully; so do not despair of making a contribution. 0
24 PEOPLE'S COMPUTERS NOV-DEC 25 To be more precise, we should call Figure 2 a "3-dimensional cube." A picture of a "4-dimensional cube" (which has 24 : 16 vertices) is shown in Figure I. Thus we can associate a unique four·bit code with each vertex of a 4·0 cube. (Can DISTANCE and ERROR you generalize this statement?) We will defme the number of BITS by which two codes differ as the " DISTANCE" ("'d) between these codes. Thus, for ex· ample, the distance between 001 and 101 is d '" 1, the dis· CORRECTING CODES tance between 00] and II J is d '" 2, and the distance between 00 1 and 110 is d '" 3. (Math students: Is this a legal use of the word distance?) Notice that our picture has been drawn so that "distance" between codes corresponds to the number of edges of the cube you would have 10 walk along to get from Let's now try to develop an algorittun for making corrections BY TOM DWY ER & MA RGOT CRITCH FI ELD one vertex to the other, in codes which have I BIT in error: Here is how we might Let's assign our two authentic agents the codes 001 and I IO reason: (which are a distance of three from each other). Now suppose Let's call the 3 BITS: Bl,B2,andB3, We afe again indebted to Tom Dwyer and Margot Critchfield A binary code of length N is a string of N D's or 1's. For exam one agent walks up to another and says my code is 101. for this spy-fi code cracking game. Your challenge;s to write ple, if N '" 3, all the possible binary codes are 000, 001,010, FOR 101: Bl+B3=0 WRONG a BASIC program to detect authentic code names [ora lIotOri 01 J, 100, 101, lID, and III. We speak of these as 3 BIT codes (a) How can we tell if it is an authentic code? One way would B2+B3: 1 RIGHT OilS ring of giue thieves. (I and 0 are called BITS). be to simply compare it to the lisl of authentic codes! How ,'. Change Bl, Correct code is : 001 ever, if there were to be very many codes, such a search of the In Ihe last issue of pc, Tom and Margot gave us their e~'aIZla These codes could be used to represent eight objects of any authentic list wou.1d be time conswning, Besides, we don't FOR Ill: Bl+B3:0 lion of the TRS-80 Level II BASIC Tom Dwyer is Professor sort-the members of a musical octet, the digits 0,1 ,2,3,4,5,6, want this authentic list stored in too many places! There is WRONG B2+B3=0 of Computer Science at the UniYersity of Pittsburgh, and 7 in a computer, or the leiters A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H. another way to check authenticity. WRONG Margot Critchfield holds degrees ill anthropology and educa .'. Change B3, Correct code is: 1 IO etc. tion, Qnd is CIl"ent/y a doctoral student at the University o[ Now for some intrigue. Let's assume that we wish to assign In our example the two authentic codes have the property that To see if you follow this, try writing programs for your wrist Pittsburgh. binary code names to the agents of STICK (Society to Increase if we add the first and third BITS of the code we get I, and Contact for Keeps), an international ring of glue thieves. Sup this is also true if we add the second and third BITS. computer based on the following ideas or questions. Both are directon o[ SOLO WORKS, Q project designed to in pose we only have two agents but eight codes. Question: Can volve kids;n leanJing to program and use computen in cretltive we assign codes so that: 1. The TWO-Agent Problem problem solving. Tom and Margot /wve authored an outstand For solution see page 54·55. ing book. BASIC and the Personal Computer recently released (a) The computer will check code authenticity without ° ° Authentic Codes: 101 and 010 in the Addison- Wesley ''Joy of Computing" Series. - CB knowing the correct codes. (b) The computer can give the correct code even though INPUT: Any 3 BIT code which is either an authentic the agent has deliberately changed one BIT (to throw code, or which contains an error in I BIT. off eavesdroppers). 1=~ OUTPUT: The Message: "AUTHENTIC CODE" A good way to make an otherwise difficult (and/or dull) sub ject corne alive is to associate it with a little fantasy. Let's ex sum : I sum z I OR, "CODE IN ERROR amine how this might be done in the area of binary informa To see how codes can be assigned to make this pOSSible, let's CODE SHOULD BE ___ " tion codes. place the codes at the vertices of a cube. For all other codes this is false. Can use of a 4 BIT code (see Figure I) permit additional outputs for the above"Two-Agent" analysis program? 000 I l;jO~I====~~====~~~1 I o + 1 '" 1 and 1 + 0 '" 1 in binary arithmetic. ,///-:: d=2 - ALSO NOTE: 0+0= 0, but 1 + 1 '" o(with carry of J) 2. Four·Agent Problem For solution see page 54·55. FURTHER, 0.1:01.0"'00.0=0 and 1.1""1 Authentic Codes are: 1 1 I ""-"------1f-----"--'-° ~ °° SMITHBOND °11100° ° °° SPIRO 1 " JONES °110ll °
INPUT: Any c6de (b) Suppose our agent deliberately changes one BIT in rus OUTPUT, °O~=~~i:==::::::;;?' code when giving it verbally. Applying the above rule will de The Message: "AUTHENTIC CODE" I " d = 3 tect the error, but can we figure out what the correct code OR, "1 BIT ERROR- CORRECT CODE IS should have been? " OR, "ERROR >2 BITS-DOUBLE AGENT" We can see the answer from our diagram, An authentic code 1 OOO~=------~~° ° which has only one BIT changed is distance d "" 1 from the o Here is a set of six BIT codes to play with: 000000, riginal correct code, but distance d '" 2 from the other correct 000111,111000,110110.011011 , 101101. (NOTE' d>3 Figure 1. A 4·dimensional cube. Figure 2. A 3-dimensional cube. code. Thus 101 has to be corrected back to 001, nor to 110. for any two of these codes.) 0
26 PEOPLE'S COMPUTERS NOV·DEC 27
------~-- 13130. 124 ?12 J2 GSSPT' 0013,253 0·11 LXI HL 13013. ?72 o·e itI:( HL 13013. 3n !03 JI1P 1301". ...'" 1301 ?'54 OUT?T 001, 113 Z65 PI..ISH SI4 0013, 127 1343 I IIX HL BeO.2S/; 315 CALL 000 1301,114 3Z? HI aoo,14a ze3 JMP ?'H 000, 376 01313 1I0P .00 125 DQO eee,?77 eon IIOP 001, 116 1307 PLC .oo 000.261 17: MOV A. E IIIRLS 0131, €l0e 1354 001. 117 ZZ2 IC 000.143 in MOV A, E OBI),2€2 ?;'o:; CPI 0!31.e010'54 H-A-N G- 11' 000,144 376 CPI 1301. 1332 13'54 1301 ••• 1301. eez 0'54 eeL 122 Z€1 POP SI·1 000,146 312 JZ 1301, 13134 Q5-1 1301,123323 OUT 167 '00 em. l)l)'5 1354 ... 0013,267 OQ1 LXI Be 001. 0l)6 05~ 001. 125 ."Z11 RET 001. 1307 Q54 1300. 1~1 ?ez JMP OOC:! 0131.126 13013 IIOP 24Z 002 Oet,019 211 RET 0131,127 131313 IIOP 0013 0013,272 ?1~ CALL DCRLS· 001.13111355 OCR L 0131. Be Doe flOP M-A-N 0013, 154 ?15 CALL 100 001,1312055 OCR L ee1, 1?l (lee IIOP ,., 001.,OB ass OCR L 001, 132 0(1) flOP '" aoo.27'S 131313 Imp 13131,014 135'5 OCR L Qe1. HZ e!3e IIOP aOI), 157 162'" MOV 11. D OOB.276 eDI) IIOP 13131,13151355 DCR L !)e1. 1?4 13130 NOP 01313, 1613 315 CALL 13013.277 nOO flOP 001.1316 055 DCR L 1301, 135 0013 !lOP 012 AOII? 01)13, ?!'}O ef.11 L~~ ! Be 13131. 017 13'55 OCR L L TABL : 001, 136 1130 @ ,., 021 0131,0213 0'5'5 DCR L HTABL ' 001,1371302 13130,163 034 001,1321311 PET BY RON SANTOR E 002 1301,140 1113 H aee, 164 lez JMP e013,zoz 315 CALL INPUT ' 1301. 022 OQe Imp 001,141 101 A 125 11313 e01,02Z oe0 IIOP For you 8080 machine langwzge purists, Ron Santore to the 1301,142 116 tI ,.. 131)1 eel, 132·1 13013 flOP 0131,142 107 0 rescue! Try Ron's I'enion of HangmtIn on your homebrew or 110: aoe.167 0131 LXI BC ooe.Z9€ 215 CALL 0131, 02'5 000 II0P 001,144 115 M other 8080 system with the tiny memory. - The Dragon 312 11122 0131.1326 13013 Imp eeL 145 1131 R .. , 1391 1301, 1327 0013 IIOP !)e1, 146 116 11 000,172 !1S CALL 01313,311376 CPI 1301, e3e 0130 NOP 0131,147 377 ROil is owner of the Byte Shop in San Luis Obispo, California. , 1?1 001, OZl 13013 IIOP .. HIIGBF' ee1,15!) 0130 He, Don inman, and Bob Albrecht have authored a beginners' eOl 000,313 Z12 J2 BeL 032 131313 ~mp 1301, 151 01313 guide to 8080 machine language for the Heathkit H-B Micro BEGUI ' 0ee,ee0 fl61 LXI SP 13·14 0130.175041 LXI HL 011 0(11. e23 1300 IIOP 001. 1'52 13013 ,M 150 1300 0131. e!4 01313 HOP computers. 71le book is planned to be released by dilithium .. , (le1. 15Z e0!) ,., 131313.1360 35Z XCHG .01 eOO.?16 9131 LXI BC 1301.,133'5 000 Imp Q!3l, 154 000 Press around the first 0/ the year. -CB geO,e0? 001 LXI BC 01313.061 ?15 CALL O~. 2no 176 MrlV A. M 942 fJ01,01.6 0013 Imp 1301,155 eoo 2013 009.201 37€ CPI e02 eeL eZ7 000 1I0P 1301, 1'56 eeo 001 055 131313.321 Z15 CALL 0131,040 IIOP The trouble with most machine language game programs is "'" eoo 1301. 1~7 ?77 0013, 006 ?15 CALL 1 ~7 000, 28Z ?12 .J:? tOO 13131, 041 (;11)13 IIOP they're usuaUy very long and not all that much fun to play_ e00,e64 '" Mev M·R HPDBF' . ee1. 160 (!!)e ,.. 000, 665 02?_ I1IX OE 212 0., 001, 042 ??? W 001 . 1/;1 0el) Here's one that won't wear your finger tips down too much .. , 13013. 066 QZ2 LoAX DE .,. 13013. 324 3133 .I!1P 0(1) 001, 1€2 0QI) 0013.206 11142 lUX HL when you type it in, and yet it is a game you and your friends INIT 0013,1311 !H1 LXI HL 1300,067 !76 CPI ''') ftlp Of l.4111t,. I)Q1. eC\·1 017 PPC 001. 16Z BOO m 000,2137 ?e? IMP 351 rr.rr tCl.K AI»{" . HUE. 9131, 0.4'5 n2 JC O!)1. :164 !)!31) woo't get tired of. The game of Hangman is entertaining, and ". 200 00' 131313, 1371 ze2 JIlZ 131313.3"27 13130 Imp 042 eeL 165 900 it's also instructive - you'll have to bribe the kids to get them 0013 000,0141376 MVI A 102 13013, no 13313 IIOP 001 ~1.166 Qe!3 away from this one. 0013,212 ?15 CALL 01313, Z31 1313(\ Imp III 05' .. , OB1.e50 ??! 1301. 167 ?77 eee.e16 1.67 MOV N.A 131313,1374 1341 LXI HL eel), ??2 3133 JMP 001 GSSBF'· (11)1. 1713 OO!) The program is 8080 machine language and occupies IK of oeo.e17 175 110V A, L 10' ."'" 106 001,0'52 Z76 CPl eeL 171 I)!)e !'In~ 0013, 21:5 176 I'1OV 131313, 13213 ?76 CPI A, M eo, 101 1301,172 01313 memo!)'. Basically, the computer chooses a word from a large 131313,216 !1:5 CALL e0e,e77 ~OJ JMP ULOSE· eOO,3l'5 13131 LXI Be 001,054 372 JM 9131 . in eee table of words and lets you try to guess it. Every time you 01313.1322 f'_12 jZ 1300,100 10Z MOV B,E aoo !37 064 1301. 174 13013 guess a letter wrong, the computer awards you one letter from e?1 000,191131313 NOP 001 0" 001 801, 175 1300 the word H·A·N·G·M·A·N. If the computer can spell HANG· ,e, 000, 102 3:5l XCHG 13013. 221 1/;7 110V M. A 131313. 3413 !1S CALL 001.13'57376 CPt 1)1)1. 176 1)013 eee, 1325 El·n ttlX HL 0013, 1el 1342 SHLD 0130,222 eZ6 MVI E 1.013 STOP MAN before you guess the hidden word ... you lose. 000, 1326 ?t:l? JMP 126 .0. 001, 961 ?7::! JM !'}01, ZO!) (l15 ." 0013,224 041 LXI HL 0013, Z4Z '"e~1 LY.I HL 075 f,le1. 201 012 The input subroutine is located at address 001,023 to 001, .",e. GUESS: 0013. 1 06 9 36 MV I E 1S0 16' (;101 e(l1,202 052 ,., 077. Extra room is left there in case you have to modify the aee.el1 076 MVI A ••• 1301, 1364 1)131 LXI BC e(l1. 2e? 1352 ... 377 099, 110 eel LXI BC 000,227 '"315 CALL eoo,346 '"~1~ CALL 07. 1301. 204 1343 routine. The output subroutine is at 001,1l3 to 001, 135; 131313·13311362 STA 242 3~4 154 0132 eeL 21)5 1113 Ii and here too extra room is left for you. 157 13"'0 eo, 0131,667 21'5 CALL eOl. 206 101 A Qet 00e,11Z ."31 5 CALL O!)e!.232 i n 110V A, E eQI), 3'51 Jei ,JMP 100 13131 , 2137 a6 II When entering the program into memory, be sure to get the tlWWRD : 00e,3l6 Q52 LHLD ,.. 131313, 23 3 Z76 CP I ?0(3 1391 1301.219 107 G 136 001 00(' 1'101. 1372 3133 JMP 1)131. 211 115 M da ta in correctly from 000,000 to 00 1.200 - these op codes .. , 13131 seo. 116 3 15 CALL 000, 23:5 212 .JZ BFFPT· 0013. ?54 176 MOV A. 11 042 001,212 101 A are important. If you make a mistake entering the codes 13130,13411321 LXI DE .22 1% 131313, !55 376 CPI 0(11 13131, 213 116 II past 001,200 it will result in a misspelled word, bul the pro· '6' .. , ,.. !77 1301, 1375 ?~3 OUT 131:)1, 21-1 1346 gram will still run. ,., 13130,121 127 MOV D,A 000. :;!40 l03 JMP 13130· Z57 ~1I!1 PZ 001. 21~ 052 "" Qee.044 176 MOV A.M 000,1221341 LXI HL ?3'S Oee,!6e !76 CPl 0131,077 '"?11 PET 0131, 216 052 ,., 0e0,e45 022 STAX DE 16. OS'5 TXTPT· 001,1130 1312 L~X BC 1J01, 217 131'5 The words used in the game are stored from 002,200 to 003, 0013.1346 ?76 CPI 001 VES: eoe.24l 0131'a' LXI Be €loa, !62 302 .Ill:? 13131,101 Z76 CPI 001. 22!) 1312: 377. You may change any of these words, but follow two Z77 aea, 12:5 176 MOV A,M 266 3€7 Z77 eeL 221 111 eeO.65e 312 JZ 000,126376 CPI 001 Wi, 1ez 31Q RZ 091.222 0'10 rules: the words must no t be longer than seven letters each, 060 Z77 000.246 ?15 CALL eeO.26'5 ".1336 Mill E 1301,104 ?1'5 CALL 13131, 222 110 H and there must be one (and only one) 377 between any two eo. eee, 1313 !12 J2 teo 13131 113 0131.. 224 lei A words. Happy Computing ... eee.053 04! UlX HL HZ 001 eeO,Z67 !1S CALL 1391, 22~ 126 V eee.05c1 e2? IIIX DE eoe eeo. 2:51 036 11\11 E 11? 001,1137 '"0133 HlX BC eo1. 226 105 E 0130.1355 :el JMP 131313, H:? 27'2 CMP D .oo '0' 13131, 11e ZOZ JMP 0131 ,227 0413 28 PEOPLE'S COMPUTERS NOV·DEC 29 •
002,21.6 1.1.4 L 002, on 124 T eel,2ze Hll A 001. ~· 17 11"1 L 002,e€.2 13'36 002. 200 lJ!12 B 13132,1.50 111 0 ee3, 266 11.2 J 002,21.1 111. I 002,02? 1.11 0 001, 2~1 040 001, 2~ 111 0 002. 06Z 01~ 002,201 113'3 E 003, 1.51. 1.24 T ee3, 267 1131 A 001,222 127 W rJ01, 2!i1 122 5 002,064 012 002, 202 102 C 002.2:20 101 G ee2, In'l 11'5 M 002,1.~2 11.e H 002,270 116 II 001,22211.7 a 001, l!i2 12"1 T 002,e6!!i ?77 oo2,20? 1.01 A 002, 221 1.10 H OO?, e2!!i 1131. A eOl, 152 1.05 E 1302, 211. 1:2":5 U 001. 214 1 22 R 001,2!i! 0'56 002,066 277 002, ~·1 12'5 IJ 002. ?22 1.2:4 T e12l3,026 124 T 002,1'54 11.4 L 003, 272 1131. A 002,222 :?71 ee?, 1337 11:' I) 003, 1.55 1.1.4 L eel,2?!5 11}4 0 001, 2~ 01'5 002,1367 377 002, 20'!5 127 5 eel, 213 122 II: 13132, :?2>1 1213 117 \} 002,1.61. 112 I' ee3, 271 101 A 0'.'11,242 Ot'S 001,261 e'lI!) 002,074 277 e02,n2 192 B ee2, :?;2e 1H L e03,0-l4 no ~ 003, 1.62 111. t 003, ?I)O 122: R eel, 243 f;l12 1301,262 12-1 T 002, e7'!5 377 0132, 21:? 12>1 T e02,321 11.7 \} e02,e4!!i J77 e1B,163 217 003. :-01 1.1.6 \I ee1. 214 107 G 1301, :?62 110 H 002,076 317 002,21-1114 L 1302.222 1.22 5 002,046 127 ~I 003, 1.6'1 123 5 0132, ?e2 11.1 I A 001.245 1~ U 1)01, 264 1(15 E e02, on 217 002.215 11)!!i E 002, 222 10'5 E 1302,13017 1.131 00?, 1.65 1.21 V e02. lez 1.1.6 tl OC2, JJ4 122 P 003.1)'50 1.22 5 003,1.661235 eel, 2·16 H'I:5 E 001. 26~ eole ~IORDS . 002.100 1l~ M 002.216 277 aa3, 304 1137 G 002.23'5 J71 002, 1)'!51 11.13 H 01;12, 167 1.24 T 0132.205 271 001.247 123 5 001,266 121 ~I 002, 101 121 V 002.211 112 J p 13'.'11,251') 122 S 001,267 111 0 (1)2.102 123 5 002, 220 1O!!i E 002,326 1.22 P 002. 0'52 le'!) E 003,1713 1.05 E ee3, ze6 120 P 001,2!it 049 001. 270 122 P. 1)02,103 1.24 T e(12.221 101 A 1)02.J31 1131 R 00?',0'5J 1.22 II: ee3,171 11.'511 0121?,.207 1.11\ L 1)131,252101 FI 001, 211 11M 0 1302,104 10'!5 E 002, 222 116 II 002.2413 104 D OO!, 13::01 217 Q ee3,1.72 277 012l2, 310 la1. A 001.252 04e 0131 ,272 00le ee2,10!5 122 P 0132, 222 122 5 002.2,11. 111. I 003,a!!i!!i 106 F ee3,ln 1028 002, 211. 122 5 002,242 111 0 I)Ol,I)'56 111 I 001.254 11" l 001, 2n 127 1·\ ,.,,,,, 002.106 131 V e02,22>1 277 003, 1.14 1.17 0 ea2, Z12 124 T eOl,25'S la'S E eOL 274 101 A 002.1137 2:77 002,22!!i 1o" 0 oe2, 342 ?71 OO;?:.0'37 122 II: L OOl,l7'!5 111 0 e12l3.31.2 1.11. I ,,~ , I "olt'l\;, "'~ ,'~ 001, 2'56 124 T 001, 21!!i 122 5 0132,1113 11):? C 002,226 117 0 ee2,244 116 t1 1302,060 10!!i E 003,176112 K 002, 214 1.03 C eel.2!57 124 T 001. 276 oole 002.1.11 111 (, 002.221 1.115 Il 1302, :!'4!!i 117 0 002,1361 217 002, 177 277 oe2.3'1'!5 217 001,260 105 E 001,277 211 002,11.2 1.22 5 1302,220 1.2'5 U 002, 346 111 I ee3, 062 1.20 P 0132, 2013 11'5 11 003, Z16 1113 H 5 U 1301, 261 122 R I?I'::". I)QIJ r. 1 '5 002, 1.12 11 '!5 M ee2, 221 124 T 002,241 123 1;103, 062 12!!i 002, 201 12'5 IJ 603, 217 1.131. A eel. 262 072 092,(101 "'12 002,1.1." 111 I 002,222 217 002, 3~0 1.21. v 002, 064 1.22 II: R 002.202 1'2 5 oel, 220 1.22 R 001,263040 Qf.l2.IJ0261'5 e02, 1.1'5 1.03 C 002,222 122 5 eo2,2~1 377 003,136'5120 P eO:?: .202 111 I 13132, 221. 1.22 II: 13131,264 377 002,002012 e02,116 l11 002, 224 124 T 002,3'!52 102 B e02,0E:6 114 L ,. 003, 204 1.02 C 1303, 222 111 1 eOl, 265 377 002.004 1!1 " 002.117 12:? 5 00::,22'3 1el A 002,3'53 11.7 0 003,067 las E 002. 29'!5 ?71 0133, 222 1.e!!i E 1302, 2'54 111 0 13133,0702.11 o eI)1,~66 015 002, 005 111 0 002, 1.20 12:' U e02.226 120 p eel,2e6 120 P eel.324 104 0 ee3, 011. 1.2£ II 001,267012 e02. 006 125 U 002.121. 116 \I 0132,227114 L 002, l:5'5 111 I' ee3, 207 1.05 E 002,225 211 001. 270 107 G I)O;!, 007 1340 002. 122 122: 5 002, 240 1.e'!5 E 002, 2!!i6 1.1.1 T 002.2'32 leJ C 002, 210 ?71 002, 1.1)4 371 903,222 211 002, 24e 1.24 T 001, :?O? 04(\ 002,022040 ee2. 1:?!!i 277 002,2!!i2 1.1./ L 002,211. 102 e 003, 10!!i 1.24 T 003, 223 122. S 002,241 117 0 001.?04 1113 H 002, 022 120 P 1302, 1.26 112 J 002, 2~ 111 0 002. 272 1.1.1 I 002, 1.06 1.10 H 003. 224 1.20 P ee3, 242 1.11 0 M1, 20'5 1131 A 002,024 114 L 002, 131 12'5 U 002. 2:''!5 11)2 C 002, 37:? 1.1.6 tI 003, 1.01 122 R 003,22'5 las E 1302,242 11.6 fl 001. za6 126 v 002, 02'5 101 A 0e2,140 120 P Oe2,2'!56 112 I' e92. 274 104 0 eel, 1113 117 0 003,226 1.0? C OOl,244 l17 L 002, !7!!i 10!!i E 001, 207 10'5 E 002.026121 " 002,141. 11.1 I 002,2!!i7 "177 002, 111 101 A 003, 221 11.1. I 002. 24~ 1.e! C 002. 276 1.22 P 001, ?10 040 002,027 0413 o 002.142 124 T 002.260102 C 002,112124 T 003, 23(1 1.131. A ee!, 246 1.131 A 001,211 2.77 e02,OZe 101 A 1302,1.43 1.0'3 E 002.261 11'1 A 1302,377 371 1302,113 277 0131 , 231 11.,. L e02,247 1.21\ T 001,212 277 002,021 107 G e02,144 122 P 01.'12.262102 B eel, eoo 111 I (103,114 1.24 T 003,232 271 ee2,l'50 12:? 5 ee2, 11.'!5 12'3 U O(l1,31! 015 002,022 101 A 1302, 14~ 217 e02,26Z 1.11. I eo:? ao1. 11.6 ti 003,2331.0:5 E e02, 3'!5:1 1.25 U ee3, 116 1.05 E eOl,214 012 0132, on 111 I 01)2.1-16 122 P ee2,264 116 II OO;?:. eO:2 126 II 8133. 234 1.16 tI 003, 3~2 120 P 001, 31:5 116 II 002, 024 116 II 1302,141 1.e!!i E 002, 26!!i 10'5 E 002,OOZ 117 0 0133,1.1.1 1.23 5 00l, 23'5 112 J OlD 1302. 3'!53 311 0131,216 117 0 002,e3!!i 071 ., eo2,1~1) 1131 A e02, 266 124 T 002, 004 11.1 I 002.1.20 104 0 003,226 1.1.7 I) !!Ie:· 3!!i>1 371 1301,217 120 P 002,026 040 8 13132.1.'31. 104 0 002.267 371 001, OO!!i 1.03 C 003, 121 1131. A 002, 227 1.l1 V 003, 2'5":5 217 eOl,22{) HIS E 002,021 211 002, 1!!i2 10!!i E 002,2713 120 P 003, 006 1.95 E 003,122 131 II ee3,240 377 0132.2'56277 Oel,?21 ~ 002,040 211 002, 1!!i2 122 P 002.271. 111 0 003,001 311 0133,123 377 003,241. 1.23 5 oo3,2!!i1 277 eel1, :::22 e-to 002,0·U !11 002, 1.54 271 002,272 1.03 C 003. ele 11.!!i H ee2,1.24 123 5 003, 242 1.2!!i U 003,2613 277 OC)1, 3:n 040 002, 042 01'5 002, 1'5!!i 1.04 D 1302,273 1.12. t: OOl.011 1131 A 0el, 12'5 116 tl 003,24l 12:2 II: 003.261 371 13131,22-1 040 002,043 012 002,1.:56 111. I 002,214 1.0'!5 E 002. 1312 1.22 R 002, 1 2£ 111 0 002,244 1137 0 0133. Z6:;: 377 003, 1. 21 1.27 W 001. 22'5 277 002,044 01 !!i oro, 1~1 123 5 ee2,27~ 12~ T 002, 013 113 Y 003, 245 10'3 E 002, 262 277 001,226 "'40 002, 04'5 1312 002,1613 116 II 002,276217 002,01.4 10!!i E 003, 1.30 371 eel. 246 11.1 0 e03, ?64 !71 001,227 (W) e02,046 111 0 002, 161 105 E 002.,277 12+ T 003, 01.!!i 1.22 R 002, 131 1.03 C 00!,2"7 116 II arn. 2.6~ 271 001, no 040 002,0<\7 113 K 002,162 121 V 002.21)0 117 0 002,016 l77 003, 1.22 1.113 H 002,~0 27:' 1302,366 217 001,221 040 12I02, OM 1131 A e02,16? 277 e02, :?01 10'5 E 002,1317 116 \I ee3, 133 1.0'3 E 002, 2~1. 123 5 ee3,267 271 001,112 040 002, O!!il 121 .,. 131212, 1.6>1 1134 0 e02, 2132 zn 003, 0213 117 I) 1302,124 103 C el):?, 2~2 ill I Oi 3,270 271 OOt, 222 0'10 0e2,e'52 e'54 002,1.65122 P 0132 , 203 103 C 003, e21 123 5 002. 12'5 113 t: eo?, 2'53 1.22 Z 1303,311. 377 001,224 0413 ee2,0~3 (140 0132, 166 1.01 A oe2,204 117 0 ee?.022 113:; E 1303, 1.26 le!!i E e03,25>1 1?2 2 00l,372 J17 ClIO!, 22~ (1-10 e02, 0!!i4 124 T 1302, 167 107 G 002,30!!i 11'5 M OOl,02l ?17 00Z, 1.21 1.22 II: 003. 2'!5~ 11" L 003,313 ?71 001, !26 277 e02,0'5!!i l1e H 002,17011.70 002, Z06 120 P 003, (124 120 P e03,1.40 277 e02. 2'56 10'5 E 902,274 311 001. 221 01'5 002, 0!!i6 le1. A 002, 171 116 rl 0132, :?07 1.2!!i IJ 003,02!!i 11.13 H 003,1.41 104 0 002, 2'51 271 002,:?7!!i 317 001.2413 012 002, e'!57 116 II 1302,1.72 311 002. 21e 124 T 0133, 026 117 0 ee3,1.42 1.11 I) 002, 2613 1.10 H 003,216 317 001.241 01'5 002,060 Ul V 002. in 11'3 11 002, 211 le!!i E 003,e21 116 tI 003,143 111 0 002,261. 117 0 003,317 317 001.242012 002, 961 1.22 5 ee2,174 111 0 002, 312 :?77 003, 0213 le'5 E 003, 144 104 D 001, 262 116 II o 001,242 12 1 ~. 002,1.1!!i 117 0 e132, 31?- 1.24 T ee3,0:n 377 002.,145 1.1.4 L 002,2631.0'5 E 001.!H 117 0 1302,176 1.1.6 U 0132, 21.4 126 V 002,1<\6 las E ee2,264 121 .,. 001.24'5 1::"'5 IJ 002,1.11 317 002. 31.~ Z71 00!,147 377 ee2,2'r::!!i 271 001,246 (HO
30 PEOP LE 'S COMPUTERS NOV·DEC 31 ------~------
linut Ar. _ gild to .. yout W. Wlf. sure you hod ~ (ockld ou, . Old desl.oyed by the Momler. whl ' h, ppened r
0.. Ih.'i, ma..,h ",'fOSS III<: d"t~ fidd .. a .....,n·! diK hue i!; di~n'\l aR Th~ errll b<:asl mlIkes !WI al Ihe liUIe Ibstlly Ihey bnoch post the ,-IlIS<'tl diso.'S ~nd -.:::::.. ,...... ::::tIiII!!: ""Iworl of miSbn,,",' wil11o Ar, you all •• 17 And ..nat is th#t7n As I h~ olhers nar< ill an,n.menl, F' Man uplains .. 'hen turns compil. i 0.- r.,1 il '0 diose me, t clllI10fIII myu'...... fORMAT and hid in tn._ 111_ ... thin .. it made iu ~ 1*1. I changed its DIMENSIONS ••• and ~ me compile complebld, I pidtMl _ .... .- __ . mon 01 ou, Iol"CllS ItM little lWwit up and oN ..... _II __ trapped on the eo.. PI .....fter !he dri_ CRIh«I...cI ...... captutMI by !he Glitch..,.,..... tr~ . __ and ere now In R-.nbinatioo ClmPlI Whal coold be UrIC'a', new plan 10 ",·aIi", lhe Rn;SllI1ce? Shall they arrive In time to pnvenl the General from ueetdi"l his ,aI.nona: and For • mkn;>llC"COnd Ihey watch,", Ihr MORIle. owe.lo.din,! SMJl Microprocrssorland n •• I ally .,...,. Ih~ hills.oo OUI know ~kat, naiR-free ffftdOltllpin? lum and bnonch on.. ~ I p:llh. 32 PEOPLE'S COMPUTERS NOV-DEC 33 ~~---=~------.------ The Case for APL in Education BY HOWARD A. PEEL LE Dr. Peelle is an Associate Professor and Director of Instnlc In this context, the argument for using APL in education tionol Applications of Computers at the School 0/ Education, sounds similar to that for other software systems, like BASIC. University of Massoclwse1t9. He received his S.s. in Engineer H pennits individualized instruction; it speeds up learning; it ing from Swarthmore College in 1965 and his Doctorate in fosters logical thinking and heuristic reasoning; it reduces Education from the University of Massachusetts in 1971. teacher bias; it is be<:oming economically affordable; it rele Previously, he taught secondary mathematics and worked gates computational tedium appropriately to a machine, and in testing computer-related instrnctional systems [or Science leaves the human teacher free for the more important roles of Research Associates, Inc. ( a subsidiary of I.H.M.). His research guiding and motivating students. interests include uses of Q programming «mgllage as a COII ceprual framework for teaching children. But the real case for APL in education cannot be couched that conventionally. It smacks too much of revolution-a Professor Peel/e's article on an APL version of rhe markemati thorough rethinking of both pedagogy and curriculum. As a cal game PHANTNUM is reprinted this issue. Look for it mathematical notation, APL seeks to reconceptualize mathe also.-RZ matics (particularly algebra) from an algoritiunic point of view; and as a vehicle for teaching, APL has great potential for Leading the way APL is A Programming Language- a rather humble-sounding clarifying students' understandings. acronym for what some people now believe to be the program ming language. Originally conceived by Kenneth Iverson [I] as APL - General Characteristics. The rest of this article will be to computer mastery . • • a unifying mathematical notation, APL is not just a computer devoted to describing the spe<:ific case for APL in education programming language, per se. Indeed, its main purpose is to but first, let me list some of the general characteristics of the Maybe you own a computer. Maybe you're plications and programs for home. business communicate-clearly and efficiently-whether between man language which make it suitable for teaching: thinking about buying one. Or perhaps you're and educational lise are just a few of the top and-man or between man-and-machine. APL programming is just curious about the computer world. Let ics covered in PersOllal Computillg. characteristically direct, succinct, powerful, and far removed Persollal Computillg show you how to use We provide instructive articles on compu from machine considerations; actually, the role of the compu • Versatility APL is a multi-purpose language with applications in a microcomputers for fun and profit. ter basics as well as more advanced articles. ter is to support, not constrain, the language. APL has been A year's subscription brings you 12 month So learn to master YOllr computer the easy implemented on a variety of computing systems-including diversity of areas, including business, scientific research, ffiM 360 and 370 series, mM 5100 (desk-top), DEC PDP 10 and education. ly issues filled with informative. easy·to-r~ad wa y: curl up in your favorite chair with and PDP II, Hewlett-Packard 3000, Honeywell Sigma 7, Bur • Standardization articles on all aspects of personal computmg. PersOllal Compllting. Use the attached coupon roughs, and COC CYBER systems- and has major applica APL is a highly standardized language. It has been an Games to play, money-making ideas and ap- to order your subscription today. tions in business, scientific research and education. ffiM program product since 1970. APL at your location is likely to correspond very closely to APL implemented In education, APL can be used (and has been used) for a wide anywhere else. In this sense, it is a "machine-indepen Personal Computing Magazine range of instructional purposes-including conventional CAl, dent" language...... CMI, and problem-solving. More specifically, it has been used • User-Orientation for developing computer-assisted instruction-i.e. drill-and APL is designed for an interactive computing system and USA OBiUme practice programs, tutorial programs, simulations and games is usually implemented via an interpretive translator I've been bitten by the bug. D t yur (12 iS5ues) SI 4 o Check enclosed o 2 years (24 issues) S26 (you'll receive one extr~ at educational institutions across the continent such as which makes it easy. for the user to enter, execute and Enter my subscription to OJ years (36 issues) SJ8 issue for each year!) S.U.N.Y. at Binghamton, Fairfield University, Golden State debug a series of small programs in the process of solving Cturtle my: College, Orange Coast Community College, and University of a problem. Further, APL provides free-fonnattmg of o Maner Chartle Account # Personal Computing today! o Bank Americard Cau;! expmltionio;;-;;;;;;:=== dale California at Irvine. It has been used for computer-managed data, an immediate command execution mode, and on instruction-I.e. testing, diagnosis, and prescription for learn line context sensitive editing. NAME ______ADDITIONAL POSTAGE (per year) CANADA & MEXICO $4.00 surface S8.00 ail ing-at Univenity of Massachusetts, University of California • Mathematical Roots OTHER FOREtGN S8.00 surface SJ6.00 air at Irvine, and elsewhere. And, of coune, APL has been used APL was originally conceived as a unifying mathematical ADDRESS ______. ______(Plcal!! r emlf in US {Wldl - Thank you} for laboratory experimentation, problem -solving, and research notation, and consequently, many of its functions are BACK ISSUES SJ.OO(COPY by students and faculty at many locations, notably the Univer familiar and all have explicit symbols. (APL has also CITY ______STATE~ __ ZlP ___ (Payment mu st accompany order.) sity of Alberta (in statistics and computer science) and Swarth been criticized for being "too mathematical," "too sym more College (in mathematics and physics). bolic," or "cryptic.") Mnil to: PERSONAL COMPUTING. 1050 Commonwealth Ave .. Boston. MA 0221 5 BEN NOV-DEC 35 • Problem· Solving Power program are designed to be visible, and hence become the basis APL is rich-there are over 60 different primitive func· for learning. Examples - APL in Teaching Mathematics. The following are examples of glass box programs written in APL for teaching certain tions; many powerful functions are available on the key topics in mathematics: board, such as logarithms, the circular functions, base This approach utilizes a computer program as the initial ob value, matrix inverse. and inner product; and one may ject of study-but as a "glass box" rather than as a black box. create a set of user·defmed functions for special pur The essential purpose of a glass box program is to reveal rather poses in a particular discipline. APL has simple rules for than to conceal; that is, by observing the structure of the pro evaluating expressions: parentheses dominate in the nor gram as well as its behavior, key understandings may become Example 1 - Number Theory - A Program to find the DIVISORS of any integer N. mal way and every function takes the entire expression transparent to the student. to its right as ilS argument (the so·called "Right-to Left" rule)-used instead of the conventional hierarchy In contrast to most computer·assisted instruction, the Glass of functions. APL has superior array· handling capability Box Approach allows the student significant control over hisl -so many primitive functions used on scalars extend to her learning processes. Controlling the computer is intellectual· veclOrs, matrices and IUgher·order arrays-wlUch are ly (and socially) prestigious. Especially for students who have Heated as whole entities. And, APL is internally consis· been held powerless in lock·step educational systems, use of • DIVISORS + DIVISOR N tent-all primitive functions have either a monadic or the computer in this way opens up new worlds oflearning-al.' [1) dyadic syntax. APL programmers often claim that the live learning,learning with power. ALL + l N ALL integers from 1 to N language facilitates problem· solving efforts. • Ease of Learning Students can learn by way of a number of different activities [2] REMAINDERS + ALL I N The REMAINDERS of ALL the A subset of APL can be learned quickly (perhaps in a using a computer glass box program. SpeCifically, they can: couple of hours) in order to get started. As one con· integers divided into N [3] WHICH + REMAINDERS = 0 inues to use APL, one learns more about the language 1 EXQmine the program WHICH of the REHAINDERS but it never seems to plateau. It takes some time before - intuitively interpreting its meaning [4] one experiences and appreciates the whole language. - logically analyzing its definition DIVISORS + WHICH / ALL equals O? • System Interface 2 Execute the program APL has an internal system for communicating between -scrutinizing the program's behavior • Finally, the DIVISORS the langauge and the computer-using shared variables, _ predicting outcomes for suggested inputs are those WHICH selects system functions and system commands for library man· -experimenting with new inputs of their own choosing from them ALL agement. 3 Solve problems • Teaching Effectiveness _ tackling previously posed problems APL has demonstrated its effectiveness as a teaching tool -creating new ad·hoc conjectures DIVISOR 18 For example " -particularly in mathematics and sciences-especially 4 Modify the program for describing algorithms. -changing the input or output parameters 1 2 3 6 9 18 These are the DIVISORS - revising the mathematical model of 18 -expanding the scope of the program -generalizing the program S Invent new programs -writing related programs - designing new curriculum study projects p, - generating new problems to be solved We can study the inner workings of {his program by examining the results of each line, thusly: 6 Discuss implications - with their peers -with their teachers - raising issues of general concern - relating to other subject areas The Case for APL in Teaching. The specifics of the real case N + 18 For N equal to 18. for using APL in teaclUng are couched both in terms of: The computer Glass Box Approach is attractive to teachers I "APL·As·A·Mathematica1-Notation," and "The Glass Box 0 + ALL + lN A display of ALL the Approach." Kenneth Iverson has persistently made the case as well as students. It is pedagogically suitable for a wide range 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 I, for simplicity and generality in using APL to expose funda of educational levels-from elementary school children to uni· integers from 1 to 18 mental concepts in mathematics, engineering and the sciences versity graduate students to on-the·job training; it accommo + REMAINDERS + [2J , [4]. Further, he advocates using APL as a unifying dates different styles of teaching-including both the authori· 0 ALL I N A display of the REMAINDERS [31. 0 0 0 mathematical notation-where the main purpose of the lan tative style and the facilitative style; it allows different modes 2 3 0 4 2 0 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 of ALL divided into 18 guage is communication-through reading, interpreting, and of teaching-e.g., drill-and·practice, tutorial, simulation, writing expressions formally (even on the blackboard, without gaming, laboratory experimentation, and problem solving; and 0 + WHICH + REMAINDERS = 0 Os and Is indicate WHICH 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 a computer!). it has immediate applicability- in the classroom, laboratory, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 of the REMAINDERS equals 0 or workshop. Teachers' explanations of concepts can be more • The Glass Box Approach uses APL as a conceptual framework lucid and effective when they are expressed in the explicit 0 + DIVISORS + WHICH I ALL Finally, the DIVISORS are for learning and teaching [5]. In this approach, short and terms of A Programming Language and when they are based 1 2 3 6 9 18 quickly comprehensible computer programs are given directly on a concrete, dynantic entity like a computer program. In· those which WHICH selects to students for tlleir viewing. Each program embodies a con deed, the resulting educational activities can differ dramatical· (with Is) from them ALL cept, a procedure, or an interrelationship, and is written as ly from frantic hand· waving about abstract concepts often simply and clearly as possible. The inner workings of such a seen in the classroom. 36 PEOPLE'S COMPUTERS NOV·OEC 37 -- • The specific concepts of DIVISOR and INTERSECT can be combined, giving rise to another concepl in mathematics, namely Example 2 - Set Theory - A Program for finding the INTERSECTion of two sets A and B. GREATEST COMMON DIVISOR , Example 3 - Number Theory - Program for finding GCD of two numbers Nl and N2. • COMMON + A INTERSECT 8 First, find out WHICH elements [ 1] WHICH + A E: B of ( E: ) A are members of B. [2] COMMON + WHICH I A Then select (I) those V GREATEST + Nl GCD N2 el ements from A for the r esul t, called COMMON . DIVISORSl + DIVISOR Nl • First, find the DIVISORS of each number • [2] DIVISORS2 + DIVISOR N2 For example, 1 2 3 4 5 INTERSECT 2 3 5 7 Then, find those which [3] are COMMON (by set INTERSECTion). The INTERSECTion of COMMON + DIVISORS1 INTERSECT DIVISORS2 235 1 2 3 4 5 and 2 3 5 7 i s 2 3 5 . [ 4] GREATEST + r I COMMON Finally. take the largest • of those numbers • That number will be the GREATEST COMMON DIVISOR. Similarly, we can examine the inner-workings of INTERSECT: 6 GeD 15 For example . 3 The GCD of 6 and 15 i s 3. A + 1 2 3 4 5 For A equal to the first five positive integers. Again, following this program step-by-step: 8 + 2 3 5 7 For B equal to the first four primes. + WHICH + A 8 0 < The elements of A which N1 + 6 are members of Bare For Nl equal to 6 and 0 1 1 0 1 indicated by Is: those N2 + 15 N2 equal to 15. which are not by Os. Using the DIVISOR progr am 0 + DIVISORSl + DIVISOR N1 o + COMMON + WHICH I A Then the r esult is those 1 2 3 6 to find the DIVISORS of 6. e l ements WHICH are selected 2 3 5 from A. Similarly finding the 0 + DIVISORS2 + DIVISOR N2 1 3 5 15 DIVISORS of 15. Using INTERSECT to find the COMMON elements 1 and 3. + COMMON + DIVISORS1 INTERSECT DIVISORS2 ' 1 3 o 0+ GREATEST + rlCOMMON 3 The largest of these is 3, the GREATEST COMMON DIVISOR. 38 PEOPLE'S COMPUTERS NOV-DEC 39 - - , Now, it is natural to develop a program for the related concept of LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE: CONCLUSION 13/ IWr1On, Kenneth E. APL for Sc~ntf'u .1Id Engin~ Pleasant. ville, NY: APL Press. These examples are but a few of many which could have been Example 4 - Number Theory - Program for finding LCM for two numbers Nl and N2. chosen to illustrate Ute case for APL in education. (See also I'" 111'&"'00, Kenneth E. Introducing APL to T,-:h(m. Pleasantville, [6J. [7]. [SJ, [9}.) The challenge to educators, now, is to NY; APL Press, 1972. identify topics suitable for embodiment in computer pm lIS] Peell" Ho_rtI A. "COMPUTER GLASS BOXES-Teaching grams, to search out the key concepts to be taught, and to lead Children Concepti With A Programming Unl/Uage." Educ.tion.! students to better understandings of those concepts using A T«:hnology, vol. 14, no. 4, April 1974. V LFAST + Nt LeM N2 First, find the MULTIPLES Programming Language. 0 of each number -- (Only 16] Peelle, Howard A. "Euclid, Fibonacci, end Pall;al-Racu!'1&d!" In tem.tfofllll Joumef of M.them(Jticef Educ.tlon in Science and MULTIPLES1 + N2 x tNt the multiples of one Technology, May 1975. number up to the product [2] MULTIPLES2 + Nl x lN2 with the other number) , 171 PHI Ie, Howartl A. "learning Mathematic. Using Rec\mive Com. puter PrognrTU." JOUmM of Computer·BIItId IlIItruction, vol. 3, no. 3. Feb. 1977. Then, find the numbers [3] COMMON + MULTIPLESl INTERSECT MULTIPLES2 in COMMON (using INTERSECT). 18/ Peelle. Howartl A. "Teaching Mathematic. Via A Programming languege." Th. M.them.tic, TtllICh.r Ito appear). [4] LEAST + LICOMMON Fi nall y, take the smallest. Reference. 19] PHlle, Howartl A. INSTRUCTIONAL APPLICATIONS OF COM· PUTERS Using A ProglYmming L.ngutlfl/l-A GI., Box Ap This is the LEAST COMMON II J 111'&"'00, Kenneth E. A Programming L.ngulIfI/I. Wiley, 1962. Prt»ch. ITo be published) Menlo Park, CA: AddilOO.Wesley. MULTIPLE. 121 Iwr'lon, K,nneth E. APL in EXpolitiofJ. PI'... ntvill., NY: APL 1101 PHle, Howartl A. APL-An Introduction la MIt·teaching text on Press, 1972. Introductory APl). Rochelle Perk, NJ: Hayden Publi$hing Co., 1978. 6 LCM 15 For example, ...... 30 The LCM of 6 and 15 is 30. • Continu,df,om P'Be 16 • • l-5 CHPJ PlEAS • (Notice the parallelism between GREATEST COMMON DIVISOR and LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE program.) • Mm • • Jacksonville l·5 clo Terrv Savage West European l.5 • clo Penny Stombock 1213) 374·1381 or clo Roger SanlOm And, examining program LCM step-by-step; • Ster Route 1 Box 1208 (213) 536·3209 45 Wedgwood Or. • • Yulee, F L 32097 (H. neW$letterJ Ulliput, poole. Dorset • P.O. Box 704 BH14 8ES England • Ashland L·5 Maryland Allianc. For Stfl~ Monica, CA 90406 • • Box 1420 Space Colonization WilliemwuJl1 L.5 • Rar'lClolph·Macoo College clo Gary Bamnartl Put It In Orbil Society Box 1795 Nl + 6 • Ashland, VA 23005 IHas newsletter) clo G,orge Timothy Bigham Williamsburg. VA 231B5 • • 4323 East-West High-V Rt. 2 80x 82 ...... + For Nl equal to 6 and Aultin l·5 BethMda, MD 20742 Huntsville, TX 77340 Space Mnh"nant oriented N2 15 • N2 equal to 15. P.O. Box 8213 grouPI-cooperating with • • Austin, TX 78712 Melboume L·5 Reno l·5 but not affiliated with l.5 . 1Nl clo Mike Dalton c/o Ray Brvan 1 2 3 4 5 6 The integers from 1 to 6. • Bay Area l·5 650 e. Dixon Blvd . .j-JC 1071 Glen M.Id~ Dr. Mankato Space Society • • clo David Brendt·Erichsen Cocoa, F L 32922 Sp.rkt. NV 89431 Box 58 Activities Offiu • The integers 1 to 15. (415) 526·9346 Mankato Stlt, UniY1tr'lity 1N2 f r om • or (41 5) 645·5990 Michigen L·5 Tulll l.5 Mankato, MN 56001 • 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 • (Has newsletter) (Has newsletter) clo Tom Huffman 01" Den l undquist • The MULTIPLES of 15 times 814 Miramar Ave. Box 126 3424 E.41n 1507) 345.3624 the integers from 1 to 6. • Berkeley, CA 94707 Michi gan Union Tulll!, OK 74135 • o + MULTIPLES1 + N2 x lNl • Ann Arbor, Mi 48109 The Chicago Society for • 15 30 45 60 75 90 Boston L·5 Unlwrlity of Houston l·5 Space Senlemllf'lt The MULTIPLES of 6 times • c/o eric Drexler Miulssippl L·5 clo PhYlics Dept. 4 N. 186 Walter DriY1t • • WI·51SA MIT c/o Robert McWilillmI UnivW!"ity of HOU$ton Addison, IL 60101 • o + MULTIPLES2 + Nl x lN2 the integers from 1 to 15. Cambridge, MA 02139 Box 5563 Houston, TX 77004 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 • Uniw"ity, MS 38677 Spaceworb • Using INTERSECT to find • Fresno l·5 Urban,L.5 c/o Robert Topple c/o Gaie Smith John Muir His;, School l·5 c/o St..... Vetter 1930 Quince Street • the CmtMON of the MULTIPLES. • 36874 CrH1man Roed 1905 lincoln Avenue 168 Townsend, U.R.H. Denver, CO 80020 • Auberry, CA 93602 Pasadena, CA 91 103 Urbena, ll 61801 • o + COMMON + MULTIPLESl INTERSECT MULTIPLES2 • SpIlC8 Future. Society 30 60 90 • Houlton L·5 North Carolina State L·5 Virginia Tech L·5 c/o Richard Bowen • clo Larrr Fri_n clo Robert Baldwin clo Kimber Smith (215) 739.7780 • The smallest of these is • o ~ LEAST + LICOMMON the LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE. 502 S. Austin #17 Rt." Box 121A 4016W. Prildiartl, VPI&. SU 3059 CederStreet 30 • ...... Webtter, TX 77598 Wallhew, NC 28173 81ackiburv, VA 24061 Philadelphia, .PA...... 19134 • 40 PEOPLE'S COMPUTERS NOV·DEC 41 TABLE 2, n _ PSYCHIC "RAW TALENT" us,, : "FULL SPELL" I1SE: ,...• ,. ABILITIES TABLE (II) Prohbi lity o f Contribution to • .. . 5ucce.~ fo r .inale Prob.bility of Spell ,-•.. • z One more thing-a word about the author. _0 THE "ANTI-PSI" t.lent u ••\', Succe .. (PoSs) . • n Philip Emmons Isaac Bonewits is the 0 •n. n n_ POWERS :;ih H H H H H '-2 •n world's only academically accredited oc '-1 '-3 .-, '-1 • 0 C.t·PI' statiC - ., .10 .13 .1' .19 .22 03 cultist, with a B.A from the University of California in Magic. He is the author of the Splodaing (yelling) 86-90 .21 .4\ .11 .6\ .08 .1 1 . 17 " ." .1' .20 03 LIP classic "Real Magic" and of numerous Apvp.i (.\loiding) 81-85 .11 .25 .3\ . 4\ .11 .04 .07 .10 .13 .16 0\ L/' articles on ceremonial magic, witchcraft, Dt-flection (bouncing) 16-80 .30 .40 .10 .60 .70 .10 .13 .1' .19 .22 0\ H divination and related topics. Mplldopsi (returning) 11-15 .21 .4\ .11 .6\ .08 .11 .1' .17 .20 07 H Nfg.psi (inl/erting) ." BY ~ 66-70 .30 .40 .10 .60 .70 .1' .13 .1' .1' .22 04 t:/p As a Pagan "theologian," he is considered , Filtering one of the top living experts on Poly. 61-65 .21 .4\ .11 .6\ .08 .11 .1' .1 , .20 0\ THE DRAGON ." ", theistic religions, ancient and modern, with Retuning 56-60 .20 .30 .40 .10 .60 .06 .09 .12 .11 .1' 0\ tl/P a special focus on Druidism and Witchcraft. Damping 46-55 Put some real wo rl d magic into your life, players did not run entire battalions of nately for the sake of simulations authen· .3\ .4\ .11 .6\ .71 .12 .11 . 18 .21 .24 0\ He lectures widely, teaches private stu ticity, the authors and scriptwriters of ",",plifying ", or into your next computer game. How? soldiers against each other, but instead 31-35 .4\ .11 .6\ .71 .12 .11 .18 .27 .24 01 , dents, and counsels clients from a variety First read Authentic Thaumaturgy by developed and ran individual characters these tales, no matter how knowledge FLAIR! ." _10 01-)0 _I' -I, -10 -I, _10 00 , of backgrounds. PEl Bonewits. [And.. of course ... who could be Warriors, Magicians, Clerics, able and talented they may be in other -I' _I' -I' _I' read every issue of Recreational Compu Thieves or members of other professions areas of endeavor, usually know very ting for magic ideasl] common to fantasy stories. They ran little and care even less about the ways The inside front cover of A uthentic Yes, we know It need, updating. Please send I them against referees (known as in which magical phenomena and magic Thaumaturgy has a bibliography of update Ituff to The Dragonl Call it magic, parapsychology or psionics. "Dungeon Masters" or "OMs") who ians really behave. This is, of course, games and game supplements. A library Authentic Thaumaturgy tells you how created entire fantasy worlds of deadly because they have all accepted the of of fantasy game adventuring! to use it in fantasy adventure games. As dungeons, harrowing wildernesses and ficial Scientific dogma that magic is the author says, "It is not necessary to perilous cities, populating these worlds "impossible" and that psychic phenome be able to physically see a specific target with all manner of monsters and SlJper· na are caused by some mysterious and in OI'der to use magic on it, as long as natural beings with both natural end all powerful cosmic force known as BIBLIOG RAPHY OF GAMES unnatural powers. Thus, in the course "coincidence. " the mage has a clear idea of the nature a. GAME SUPPLEMENTS of the specific target (usually through of playing each game, the players and the visualizing it or imagining it) as well referee would join in the continual ... probably the most popular gimmick creation of a living fantasy novel, unique for scientistic writers is to use the magical as a clear idea of its general location in O,.n Pas {White Bur & Red Moonl Wiz.rd, St_ Jeckson Law of Words of Power (see Chapter 3) time and space." Watch our pages for on each occasion. Greg Stafford Monlr.nf Mom""' , Ken St Andra ideas on how to use magic in most any and to change the horribly unscientific Nomad Gods. Greg Stafford From "t~ln g ConeepU computer game. Or, ask any kid. To someone with professional training sounding word "magic" to something EMc. Greg Stafford PO Box 15346 Perilous Encounters, S.L Lortz in the various arts, sciences and technolo else, such as "psychic," or "parapsycho AUltin, TX 78761 Runequeu, Stel/e Perrin &: Friends gies that comprise the vast worlds of "the logical," or even better, "psionic. .. All the WOrld', Monnen (Vois '&2) Arduin Grimoi" (VoIl 1 & 2), Dave Hargrave P. E. I. Bonewits OCCUlt", or even to someone with That last one sounds really scientificl Perrin/Pimper From R Powell training in that rigid and apologetic This allows them to use the same old All from The Olaosium 5820 John Ave Authentic Thaumaturgy. $7 from The science known as "parapsychology", it magical materials in respectable new PO Box 6302 Long Beach, CA 90806 AI bany , CA 94706 Chaosium. P.O. Box 6302, Albany, CA quickly becomes apparent that the rules arrangements, without ever having to Sorcerer, SimonsenlWalczyk 94706. 0 "In recent years the war games industry for "magic" used in most of the games admit what they have done. Many of the The Emerald Tablet Gondor, Mosca/BerglBe8Ver'l has seen the phenomenal rise of a whole are simply not very . successful at games thus set up sys tems of "psionics" Micel i ILobaek/F aeciolo s.uron, Ma.ct/BNller'l new family of games, the "fantasy simu accurately simulating the behavior of as if the phenomena covered under that From Creat'lle Wargames Workshop War of the Ring, Simonsen/Bar85Ch/ Berg term were somehow different from those 330 East 6th St, No 1· E (Lan 3 published Jointly II Middl. Earth) lation games." The first of these appear magical phenomena in the real world. New York, NY 10003 CHI VALR Y & SO RCERY of "magic ... This can be a workable game From Simulatlonl Publ icat ions to have been ourgrowths of medieval This is not too surprising, since with the 44 East 231'0 St system (especially in such games as combat simulation games such as Dark exception of one or two of the game ChiWllry & Sorcery, Simbalin/BackhaUi New YOI'k, NY 10010 We are beginning to look at Chivalry & Ages or Chainmail, which had rules for designers for Chivalry & Sorcery and the Metamorphosis Alpha, where they are Lords '" Wizards, Adam L Gruen War of the Ring, Thomas Drake Sorcery by Ed Simbalist and Wilf Back· individual as well as group combat These author of The Arduin Grimoire, none of called "mental mutations" and which OUf/(IfIMS " Dragons, ArnalOl'l/Gygax All from Fantasy Games Unlimited GrMewk . Gygax/Ku ntz haus. This appears to be a very complete have no magicians as such) but I tend were modified by science fiction and the rule makers seem to have much of PO Box 182 BI«kmoor, 0 _ Arneson encyclopedia/rule book for creating fantasy fantasy fans to allow for combat with a serious background in MY known to feel that it is not as accurate a simula Ro$lyn, NY 11 576 Eldritf;h Wizardry, GY\lax/Blum. adven ture games. More about this in a dragons and other mythical beasts, and system of real world magic (Western, tion as it could be. Another example of Gods, o.migodl '" Hero., KuntzlWard future Dragonsmoke. In the meantime, after a few years of experimentation Eastern or TribaIJ, nor to know very a playable psionic system can be found TunMf~ & Trolfs, Ken St Andre Me umorphOli. Alphe, Jtmes W.rd T'" T Supplement, Ken St Andre Empire of the Petel Thron., M A Barker if you want to try it: $ 10 from Fantasy entirely new games were invented in much about the results of recent para in the Arduin Grimoire and its author From Flying Buffalo War of Wizenh, M A Barker Games Unlimited, P.O. Box 182, Roslyn, which the fantastical aspects took front psychological research. and I have had many enjoyable hours PO Box 1467 All From TlCtic .. Studies Rules: NY 11576, or The Chaosium. stage and in which the action could range srguing over the merits of our respective Scottsdale, AZ 85252 5425eg!1 St,...t from the clash of gigantic armies of elves, approaches. .. Lake Gene.,., WS 5314 7 orcs, dragons and dwarves, to the adven Instead, the sources for most of the magic The Book of Sorcery, Konlblnt/BreSi The Book of Demon" Phil Edgren tures of small bands of brave and hardy systems currently being used in the games The use of magic in games requires the Ringbearer, Bren/Konltant beings. seem to be fictional works of Science use of magical devices (such as dice or AU from Little SoIdil!1' Games: Fiction, Fantasy, Sword and Sorcery, computers) and tables of possible out· 1776 East Jefferson St In the earliest of these latter games, and Horror (novels, short stories, tele comes. The next page shows a table from Rockville. MD 20852 known as "fantasy role playing games", vision and motion pictures). Unfortu- the book. 42 PEOPLE'S COMPUTERS NOV-DEC 43 32H3V3H 5 REM **REVERSE 16K LEV£L 11 B4SIC TRS-SO R. ZAMORA 9/ll/7S" 10 DIH D(8 6) A(9) 20 DATA 0 , &4,66 , 2 ,-62,-64,0 Dat3 elements for controlling -.vh ere printing 30 DATA 0,64 68 4 ,-60 -64,0 40 DATA O , 128,1~4 , 6,-i22,_128,D occurs during reverse operuions. 50 DATA 0,128,136,8 - 120 -1280 60 DATA O,192 , 202,16, _ 18~ , _1d,o BY RAMON M ZAMORA 70 DATA 0,192,204,12,- 180,- 192 ,0 80 DATA 0 , 256,270 ,14,-242, - 256 ,0 90 DATA 0 , 256 , 212,16 ,-240 ,-256 ,0 105 CL£AR 100 110 F1R J~l ~ 8;~R I. 019 6: READ D(J,I):HEXT I:NEXT J In the March 1977 issue (Vol. 5, No.5, 120 CLS:PRINT@10,"t HE GAME !liF R£VERSE"; Check to $Ie jf user needs Innructions. 122 PRINT'Jl64 "D!Ii YIIU NEED INSTRUCTl!liNS?"; p. 34) of this magazine, the Dragon 124 AS . I NKEY::i;IFl AS . " " THEN 124 126 IF AS-"Y" THEN 3000 (Bob A1brecht) put out a call for an ani· 128 CLS : FRINT@ 10, .. -----_REVERSE ______.. ; Generate lind print scrambled list. mated version of the classic game RE· lJO PRINT@74/H\N MANY NUM8ERS D!Ii y\IIu WANt IN THIS CAHE?"; VERSE. REVERSE begins with a random lJI AS-INKEY~;IF AS."" THEN 131 ELSE N.VAL(AS) lJ2 PRINT@1l8 ,N;!IF N-O!liR N.1 THEN 232 scrambled list of from two to nine num· 133 C.- l:X7 .. 468 bers. The game player attempts to un· 134 F!liR 1.1 ~ N ll5 S_RND{N) scramble or order the list by reversing 136 IF A{S).O THEN A{S).l ELSE 135 two or more numbers in the list. The Il7 NEXT 1 140 F!liR 1.0 T\II 2*{N- l) STEP 2:PRINT@X7+I,A{I/2+1);:N£XT reversing operation is applied to the 142 PRIN1'@3l.;G\IIT\II210 numbers beginning on the left end of 150 PRINT@74 "NUMBER 1'9 REVERSE?"; Perform reve"ing operations. 152 AS-INKEY~: I F AS."" THEN 152 ELSE Ll_VAL(AS) the list. 153 PRINT@94 Ll; 154 IF Ll.0 ~R Ll.1 G\II~ 232 155 IF Ll)N G!liT\ll 150 The program shown here is one of two 160 F!liR 1.1 T\II 3;X-X7:U.1:K2.LI;t,.Ll this issue (Look for the game FROGS 170 F!liR J.l T\II INT(L/2); XI-D(L-l.I)+X 180 X2-D(L- l,I-l)+X:Xl.D(L-l,1+)+X;X4.D(L_l,I+2)+X elsewhere!) that utilizes the TRS·80's 190 PRINT@X2 ' " •• "j':PRINT@XI,A(Kl);:PRINT@X4," • • N; graphic capabilities to 'animate' the game. 192 PRINl'@X3,A(K2 ; 200 L.L-2;Uo.J(t.·I:K2-K2_1;X.X+2:N£XT J:G\IISUB 2000:N£XT 1 When the player specifies how many 3 205 U . l:1C2.Ll:fl!IR 1.1 TIl INT(Ll/2) 206 S+A(lCl); A(k I).A(k2): A(1C2).S: K!-Kl+1 ;K2-K2-1 numbers to reverse, the rotation of that 207 NEXT I subset of the list is displayed on the 210 Ll..o OIeck for completld gllme and replays. 220 F!liR 1·1 TIll N;IF A(O<>I THEN Ll_l ELSE NEXT 1 screen. The numbers pivot about them· 222 C-C+l selves; they always remain visible to the 225 IF Ll.l G\IIT\II 150 230 PRllfI@12 ,"THEY ARE IN \IIRDER--lT TIf\IIK THIS MANY REYERSES "+STR${C) user. (See the photographs of the opera· 232 PRINt@lJ8 ,"KE\i GAME?"; . tion.) 233 AS · INKlY$:IF AS."" THtN 233 235 ~R I_I 19 9: A(t)_O:NEXT 236 PRINT@150,AS;:PRlNT@1l9," . "; REVERSE and FROGS are building 240 IF AS."Y" THEN 128 242 PRINT@3l ;PRIN!@74, block versions of a series of recreational 245 PRlNT@192: , "TKANKS F\IIR PLAYING--LET'S PLAY AGAIN S!liHETlHE."; routines that will be part of a forth· 246 END coming book of TRS·80 games and pro 2000 Ff R H. l T\II 500; NEXT: RETURN Delay routine. )000 c;SUB )500 Instructions for the game. grams. Watch for more of these TRS·80 l020 PRINT" THlS IS THE GAME OF REVERSE . I \lILL GIVE Y\IIU A" Re, lOlO PRINT"SCRAMBLED LISt \IIF NmlBERS . Y!liU UNSCRAM8LE THE LIST," programs in future issues of Happy l040 PRI NT"Y\!IU PUT IT IN NUMERICAL \!IRDER . FlfR EXAMPLE, ..... )1 EvalSEing!! 3050 PRINT;PRINT"SCRAHBLED LIST; 2 5 1 4 7 6 3" l060 PR I NT;PRINT"PUT IT IN tHIS !liRDER; 1 2 3 4 5 6 7" 3070 PR I NT; PRINT"IiHEN Y!liU ARE READY, HIT ANY KEY , AND I \lILL" 3080 PRINT"TELL Y\!IU H\IIRE AS;UT THE GAME ifF REVERSE."; 3090 AS·INKEY$;IF AS ..... G\IIT!Ii 3090 3100 c;SU8 3500 2 4 3110 PRINT"Y\IIU HAY REVERSE TIoI\II \IIR H\IIRE NUMBERS IN THE LIST," The symbol .6. indicates a space. l 120 PRINT"STARTlNG WITH THE LE" £ND \IIF TKE LISt." 3130 PRI NT" F\IIR EXAMPLE;·:PRINT 3140 PRINT"\IIRI GI NAL LIST 2 5 1 4 7 6 3- 3150 PRINT"V£ REVERSE 3 1 5 2 4 7 6 3":PRlNT 3160 PRINT"Y!liu HAY CH\ll!liSE TRE SIZE \IIF THE LIST , FR\IIM 2 t;I 9" 3110 PR I NT"NUKBERS. HITTING ANY tiTHER KEYS IIHEN Y!liU ARE BEING" 3180 PRI NT"ASKED FlliR THE LIST SIZE {liR THE NUMBER \!II' ELDa:NTS" 3190 PR I NT"~ REVEltSE VlLL GIVE Y!liU THE CHANCE Ttl START A" l200 PRINT"NEW CAHE. IF yfU ARE READY t;I BEGIN, HIT ANY KEy ..... ; 3220 AS · INXEY$:IF AS-"" THEN 3220 ELSE 128 35003510 CLS:PRINT"INSTRUCTI;NSPRINT" ______fl!IR THE______GAKE \IIF______REVERSE" .. ; PRINT 3520 RETURN o © Copyright 1978 by Ramon M. Zamora This materilll il pllrt of II book·tn·progress: TRS·SO GAMES & PROGRAMS 44 PEOPLE'S COMPUTERS NOV·DEC 45 1 Calculators in Elementary S<;l'Iool third element of the equation [3 + () Home Mortgage = 3, or () + 0=3, or 3 +0=()]. The pro. Calculators for Beginners Geometry Problem gram gives the user a random series of Hila & Hurkle problems, and when the series is com • Games Compute, Play ,E Inventory Pricing plete, it again tells the user how many Computers in Junior Higl'l problems were offered, how many were ~ Payroll Two 0191t Number Problems correctly answered and how long it took to complete the series. Simpson'~ Rule tor Volume Eaw Fractional Con,...,,,ion Finally there's a feature which I thought Introducing Calculator$ to Your Clns BASIC Te 48 PEOPLE'S COMPUT ERS NOV-DEC 49 .. In my experience, it was a little bit more ...... than "3 snap" 10 add all my own key board to the PET! However, I can now PET PRODUCTS say that all my effort was really worth The pocket sized issue ran 40 pages in it, because now that I have another key July '78, and operates on a small income board to use with my PET it is really S· loo BUS CO NVERTER BY EXC EL adapt the KIM, the MOTOROLA EVil, from advertisers. Copies are free to indi easy to sit down in a comfortable chair and other 6502 or 6800 computers to the viduals, but they would love any dona· and enter in long passages of lext or a Excel Co. has designed two products SI00 bus using the appropriate connector tions you can send. It's worth it for the great many data statements! With a larger to extend the usefulness of your PET. cable. This board is unique in that it helpful bits of information that isn't size, typewriter-like keyboard, it would One is the S-Ioo Bus Converter (SI00 generates all of the required S 100 control readily available elsewhere. Contact: be quite casy to type in text at 60+ wpm BC), an inexpensive device to allow your signals such as Psync, I/O address, wait speed (with the aid of a mini-word pro PET to interface with the many S- 100 states and - much more. This is the same Len Lindsay, Editor cessing software system). If you are able products on the market. Some of the design that has been proven by CGRS Pet Gazette 10 wire in a 3 -foot long ribbon cable boards that can be used are Godbout's over the past sever:al years with their 1929 Nortilport Dr., Room 6 from the keyboard to the PET, then you 4K, 8K static memory; Solid State SIOO 6502 MPU card. Madison, WI 53704 could conveniently place the PET on a ...... Music's 4K, 8K static memory; and table top and still sit nearby in a com IMSAi's Multiple 110 boards. The S I 00 The PET/S 100 comes with instructions READ, WRITE PET MEMOR y(S) fortable chair with the new keyboard DC is $85, not including cables and and a complete SIOO compatibility list. resting on your lap. Now isn't that a PET PEEVES connectors. It is available fully assembled and tested TIle PET computer's BASIC language neat way to make home computing fun for $ 195.95. Send check or money order instruction set provides four commands! and comfy?!! CONLEY VS. COMMODORE than the 8-page throwaway that came The other product is an ASCII Keyboard to: CGRS Microtech, Inc., PO Box 368, statements which allow the programmer with the computer. II war on shiny paper, Interface. It allows any ASCII encoded Southampton, PA 18966. to store and execute machine· language For those of you who might be in· Thanks for the copy of People's Com though). keyboard to talk to the PET through programs. There are: POKE, PEEK, terested in tackling this project of adding puters. (J guess my subscription has the same connector as the Original PET PET CRT SPAC ING CH ART SYS, and USR. The POKE st:atement, on another keyboard to your PET, you expired-just can-t figure out the Greek TIle ROM wouldn't fi t !! ! $@l#%¢# keyboard. No modifications are neces· which stores data directly in memory, can wri te to me at the add ress given on your m:ailing labels.) Thought I'd %$·&I! It seems that the older mach· sary; and since the PET keyboard is not PET CRT spacing and layout charts is a little clumsy to use because it takes below for more details. It will not be a let you know what happened on that ines (I don't think she read my first letter disabled, it can be used for all its orig. are available in 8lh by II inch pads. a separate statement for each memory very expensive project, as the keyboard Commodore/pET problem we were hav· either!) use a 24 DIP ROM and she sent inal functions including graphics. The With green printing on white background, position; and the address of the memory alone only com about $30.00. However, ing. me a 28 DIP ROM that the newer ones Interface is $80. For more information one side shows 25 numbered rows by 40 poSition, :and the data to be stored have you must be willing to spend several contact: columns for planning your PET screen to be in decimal form. Addresses and hours wiring up the keyboard matrix Sometinle about the middle of June, I "". output. The other side is printed with memory COntents are usually expressed connections, which I found to be not an got a letter from a Ms. Lennie A. Cooper, Another phone call. "Send it back :and EXCEL Company spaces to record BASIC variable des- in hexadecimal fonn. especially easy task. If you are interested Manager, Customer Services at Com· we1l send the right one." P.O. Box 1147 criptions, subroutine descriptions and in contacting me, then I will be able to modore. It basically (BASICally?) said El Cerrito, CA 94530 also shows the PET keyboard with The Read, Write PET Mem ory program give you further hints that m:ay save you that the PET has a defective ROM and Another week ... I got the other ROM ASCII codes. approximately 50 sheets by Don Ketchum, greatly simplifies the time and trouble. the tape transport heads may be out of with the :attached note. TIlis one went CGRS MI CROTE CH S100 AO AP TOR per pad at $2.00 each, or 5 pads for entire procedure. With this program you :alignment :and that I should send it off in OK. Did that fix it right up, you ask? $7.50 post paid. store data in memory by simply keying I'll conclude this letter now by leaving to Palo Alto to get it fIXed. I wrote back All I can say is that it works somewhat CGRS Microtech, Inc. announces the in the starling :address (in hexadecimal) you with this thought to ponder: wouldn't and said that I didn't want to send our better. I only lose the cursor (or curser, PET ISI00 adaptor. CGRS, the 6502/ Alcorn Data Services and then just key in the hex digits in the it be neat if you could shift·LOCK on the PET off for an unknown length of time as I call it) about once a day now, instead SIOO experts, have developed an adaptor P.O. Box 1535 sequence in which you want them stored. PET, especially when you wanl to draw to who knows what kind of treatement at of 5 times a d:ay. card that will convert the "memory Corinth, Miss. 38834 Nothing could be Simpler! Here is a list on the screen usi ng the graphic keyboard the gentle hands of UPS/Commodore. expansion" connector from the PET of the functions which can be very easily characters? Well, with an add -on key· I said to forget the tape deck problem At this point, I'm giving up on Com computer to the SIOO bus. With this card carried out with this progr:am. (All data board you can do just th:at. I know of :at (I don't think she read my second letter modore- I'U live with the disappearing the owners of the PET can expand PET GAZETTE and addresses will be in hexadecimal) least three other PET owners who have too closely) and we'd rather buy a new curser and accept it as symptomatic of memory, add 1/0 devices (printers, I) Write into memory. trained their PETs to do this trick. Write ROM than send it off. the decline of the Western Civilization. floppy disc, etc.) and enjoy the advantages The Pet Gazelle is an informal publica· 2) Display memory (both as hex to me and I'll let you in on this training Oh, by the way, a week after that, I of the numerous S 100 products. tion that includes reveiws of software digits and as assembly language secret. I got :a letter in J uly showing the new got another ROM in an envelope without and eqUipment, tips on operating and mnemonics). ROM part number which cost $10.65, any note at all (good Fairies?). It didn't The PET/Sl00 is a single board that plugs USing your PET, and a software exchange. 3) Change data in memory. Randall Julin and that the defect was in the BASIC work any better than ROM #3. into :a card slot of any SIOO motherboard The Pet Cassette Exchange has over 150 4) Save memory on tape. IS Poncetta Drive #322 software. By this time I was totally and connects to the PET memory expan· user supplied programs available for only 5) Load memory directly from tape Daly City, CA 94015 PO'ed and had my assistant call her on How those guys run their service dept is sion connector via a flat ri bbon cable. $1.00 each. The Gazette also features starting at any selected memory PET housecalls: 992·6946 the phone. (I didn't want to talk to any strange! the PET/S100 adaptor can be used to subscriber donated articles. , address. Day Phone: 469-11 57 one by this time). 6) Execute machine-language pro (Info Science Lab SFSU) I wonder how their printer will work? If grams. After much back-and·forlh with her, it won't work correctly right out of the she finally agreed 10 send us a new ROM box, here we go again. TIle hell with 'em. Read, Write PET Memory (Copyright out of the kindness of her heart and 1978 by Don Ketchum) is available on not only that, but she'd throw in a Dave Conley tape cassette, $7.95 postpaid from: manual/instruction book. After a few Minister Don Ketchum days, we got the book and the ROM Universal Ufe Church 313 Van Ness Ave. (book?! That thing wasn't much more of the Pacific Upland,CA 91786 0 PEOPLE'S COMPUTERS 50 NOV·DEC 51 .J --._- .------~~------...... and Silly-3. Lend me your Remote Ear to work better than Bell's because it can fast books. I don't object because the while I make specific comments start take longer messages. The circuit de work does fill a ~ap in the literature. REVIEWS ing with the Silly group. The number pends on the detection of silence. Since There is an entire spectrum of flaws, of parts is approximate. phone systems ge t noisier in bad weather, trivial through serious, but these tele unreliable operation might result. How phone accessories more or less get their The Silly Group TELEPHONE ACCESSORIES YOU CAN any surprise that Michael Scheff opened loopholes; obey and pay Bell; or ignore ever, if you have more time than jobs accomplished at truly mininlal cost. BUILD his introduction to The Pushbutton Tel them. Telco propaganda generally en money ... By Jules H Gilder ephone Songbook with these words, courages you to believe that tariffs are • Dia/er-IO parts. Claims to be the • Silellcer-2 parts. A switch in series Reviewed by Jim Berkey Hayden Book Company. Inc, 1976 "About the only bond people the world Jaws. In general, they are not. equivalent of a Bell-supplied card dialer, with the yellow ringer lead. 84 pp. $4.95 over seem to have these days is (I) a but I doubt it. It is almost entirely a • Hold Bllttoll-6 parts. The best and desire for peace and (2) a dislike of Tariffs are rules of system use including mechanical device, to be constructed most cost effective small accessory, and The telephone is to electronics as mili The Telephone Company." The Song fees for service, made up by regional without the aid of mechanical drawings. Bell can't supply one for a home phone! tary thinking is to thinking. It is intended book was Scheffs effort to help improve telephone companies (plus AT&T for If you did manage to get it built, and get Has an LED. INTRODUCTORY SPECIAL for only one use-to carry the hwnan the telco image. long distance service), and submitted to all the mic roswitches properly aligned. I • Remote Ear-57 parts. A speaker Kingdom, One Queen, Matador, Poker voice (or a modest reproduction of it) utility commissions and the FCC for question whether you would bother using phone with prOvisions for single ring Personal Software from one place to another and work The Bell System has long had the very approval. In spite of all the discussions it. Personally, I would prefer one of those automatic answering, so that only you P.O. Box 136-E3 when everything else fails. The secrecy best technical reputation and a consist of "illegal" extensions you have probably little dialing balls that fits on the end of a can listen in on your house or business Cambridge, MA 02138 $12.95 (Cassette) which surrounds this device is legend. ently poor record of human relations. heard over the years, violation of a simple pencil. while you are elsewhere. If you doubt the legend, try this experi Three faClOrs are known to have im tariff is not a crime. The worst that cou1d • Telephone Burglar Alann -60 parts. ment. Call your local telephone business proved customer satisfaction with Bell happen is loss of phone serivce until Just an ordinary burglar alarm which The Useful, but ... Group In the last issue of RC (or is it PC? ; or office, and order a schematic for your services; (a) federal court litigations and you agree to abide by the rules. generates a tone in a speaker. You pick RC/PC?; or PC/RC? -anywaY,in the last telephone. FCC rulings; (b) actions before the state up your business phone and call your • Scrambler-40 parts. A 1970 Popular issue) there is an arlicle on the simulation public utility commissions, and (c) Having said that most tariffs are tooth home. You lay the phone down next Electronics project. If you are into a game, KINGDOM. The Personal Software On second thought, to actually do the disclosures of flflancial and technical less, please note that there is also a short to the speaker and leave. At your home a lifestyle which really requires secure people (listed above) offer an intro experiment may be a bad idea. If you infonnation to the general public. list of laws which make some irregular sound switch listens for the tone indicat. conversations, take an old· fashioned tip ductory game tape that contains a version are the sort of person who might read, acts, illegal as well. It is a crime to: ing a burglar has entered. Gilder admits from the mob and call phone booth to of KINGDOM. The tape has three other enjoy and act upon Telephone Acres Technical disclosure is necessary because make obscene calls; fail to yield a party this scheme would tie up your home phone booth. classic games as well: ONE QUEEN, scries You Con Build, then you may not Bell made a practice of telling technical line in an emergency; commit wire fraud phone aU the time it was in operation. • Digit Monitor-44 parts. A lot of parts MATADOR and POKER. I will discuss wish to suggest to the phone company half-truths biased toward gaining favor (i.e., use a Blue Box to avoid long dis • Phone Lock - 5 parts. This electrical are used here to display only the lasr only KINGDOM in this review and that you are about to peek and poke able regulation. The most outrageous tance charges, or use a computer to steal combination phone lock is j!;St not very digit dialed, not all of the I I possible. comment on the rest of the games in a into their instrument. Ma BeU's reason example is that of the infamous Voice money/secrets/data via the phone lines); secure. Whenever the phone is in use the • Telecorder- 26 parts. Automatically later issue. for discouraging you is simple and mech Connecting Arrangements. Gilder briefly commit a few other acts such as theft combination is exposed for all to see. records telephone conversations. A useful anistically logical. If you and millions of discusses them in chapter two. The of telco equipment. Anyone with a screwdriver and a little device, but I don't like this circuit. It KINGDOM, as presented in this version, other people are allowed to unscrew "need" for VeAs was hastily discovered time can easily unwire it, use the phone, adds some capacitance (and therefore is highly engaging. A result that is a telephones, and place Foreign Altach following the 1968 Carterfone Decision, Chapter three contains some simple and and replace it without a trace. Gilder ring load) to the line, and may be detect direct function of the use of complete ments on the line, the reliability of the but this need was actually fmancial, clever methods for quickly making objects to the mechanical phone dial able by Bell. I have a friend who was sentences and the pronoun 'you' in the entire system will be reduced. And this not technical. The Carterfone, by the printed circuit boards using among lock, because it and its keys are easily hasseled for using a commercial version of program's communciations with the user. would be a violation of the prime direct way, is a two-way radio phone patch. other tools, a leather punch. lost. A valid objection, but the electrical this circuit ... Also, depending on the You, as the user, quickly feel litat you ive. version is no improvement. Why do you specific cassette recorder and AC adaptor are the ruler of an ancient kingdom. Telephone Accesson·es is a somewhat A major defect in all the projects is a need a phone lock anyway? I think that you might use, you could unbalance the The reports from the program take on Anything that touches the telephone useful interim book on dO-ii-yourself lack of mechanical drawings or pictures. the desire for one is often neurotic, and line and get a bad hum. Or worse, you the aura of personal communications to installation in a clinging way is a For telephone technology. J hope that later I fmd it very irritating to read a long that class struggle and empire building might place a ground fault on the teleo you about your subjects, the harvests eign Attachment. I have heard stories and better illlustrated books on thls paragraph of construction steps with no may result from its use in an organiza central battery. and the disasters that occur within the dating many years back, of the persecu subject will appear. The book has ab drawings to reference. It makes an other tional setting. There are usually better • Teleswitch-63 parts. Remote control kingdom. One disaster in this simulation, tions of small town businessmen who solutely no discussion of Blue or Black wise easy project unnecessarily difficult. ways to solve phone use problems. of 120 vac appliances while you are away ~hich is not found in all variations, eked out a living by printing ads on Boxes, or phone phreaking of any kind. from home, by detecting single rings of IS that you may fall victim to assassina plastic telephone directory covers. Is it Unfortunately for computerists, it also The best feature is tlle use of building The Useful Group your phone. TIle use of this accessory tion attempts during your reign. Also a has no discussion of modems, cheap block circuits, to which the builder is is clumsy, requires that you have a good variety of endgame messages are pro duced that comment on how the end of or otherwise. introduced one at a time in the early • Remote Ring IlldiCiltor-40 parts. memory, and could be unsafe. Gilder projects. The later, more complicated Rings a distant bell. suggests turning on a coffee pot. In prin. your rule affected your subjects and your The only proprietary infonnation re accessories are often collections of the ciple, I am opposed to the distant remote treasury. KINGDOM is enjoyable and • Speakerphone-36 parts. Not quite as stimulating. Note to Software Vendon: We vealed is in chapter one, which is a earlier units. This approach does get out good as Bell's. Identical to the Radio control of heating appliances other than a are now reviewing recreational pro little less than four pages long. There of hand. From a casual inspection of the Shack design. central furnace. Also, the casual descrip grarm. If you have software you is a cutaway drawing and schematic Teleswitch, Remote Ear, and Autodialer tion of mounting the 120 vac outlets on The tape I reviewed of these games was • Pulse Programmer-38 parts. A sub for a Level I BASIC 4K TRS·80 (pET would like rel'iewed please send us diagram of a Model 500, standard desk schematics, it seems to me that two iden project of the Autodialer, it turns dial the chassis is an invitation to kluge ct1ssettes of your games alld simu telephone instrument. There is a simple tical circuits are constructed where one wiring where there could be a heavy programs are on the other side of the pulses into a string of beeps. tape). I had the pleasure (7) of using the latiOIlS. Please enclose infomwtion but adequate explanation of how it could do the job. • Autodialer-46 parts plus a cassette current draw. Good grief-there are no 011 the language used, the lUlme of works. fuses either! Level I-to-Level II TRS-80 program player. A clever and cost effective burglar convertor to make the game operational the machine the software rullS on, I was disappointed to fmd that some of alarm dialer; perhaps the best large acces etc.-RZ Chapter two provides a concise descrip the 15 projects were not worthwhile, on my system. Actually, the conversion so'Y. The book as a whole gives me the impres went smoothly once I remembered to tion of current tariffs and your options so I have divided them into three cate • Answering Machine- 75 parts plus two concerning them which are: obey and use gories: Useful-8; Usefu1, but ... -4, sion of having been written pretty fast, correctly set the volume controls and cassette recorders. This device is supposed by someone who is fairly good at writing could locate the start of the programs on 52 PEOPLE'S COMPUTERS NOV·DEC 53 .. 1 the tape. You, however, can request a DISTANCE AND ERROR CORRECTING COOES (see art;cl. on page 26) Sompho Sdu!kHo _ Problem 2 version in Level II BASIC when you place Solutions to problems >LlStNII an order. 5 PRo "~0UII-AIi(HT PRU8LE"'·' 1 0 PR · ""TII END PRIIGRAH. TYPE THE CHAIlACT[IIS tNO WHEN ASKI:O ~OR A CODE·· ,",oIlIom 1 tcon!.l 12 Pit, "" " I have several general comments about 13 YAR • ZERe ·RUN ,~, 15 PIt,·'[NTER AS-BIT BIHARY ceDE·· the game KINGDOM that apply to most T"'I·M[HT PI!II8LEPI "UR-AGENT PRI8LEM 20 'NPUT as TB END PR~GRAH. TTPE THE CK"'IIIIC TERS versions of this simulation. Some of these t. EHO p~.aR~PI. TYPE THE 25 " U • "EHO·· GUTI no ~SMt:D ~ ''''0 WHEN ASKED 'III '" CIOE CH ..It"'CfUS [HO WH(H '1111 C.OE . 3D AI' • LE'fC~S.1l items can be handled by the user making 35 X, • RIGHl(RS,4> ENTER'" S-B IT BINART ClOE ENTER ~ 3-81T ceOE· 40 PH • LE'TfX S, II 700000 simple modifications to the program. rooD 45 X' • RIGHHBS,31 AUfI1!NTI C CIDE Some require extensive reprogramming. ClDE IH tRRell 50 P3' • Lr.~TIx",.t> CIDE SllIlULO 8E DI D 55 Xli • R[GHTla',21 ENTEII A 5-1I 1T 81"'ARY CIO( Here is the list of comments without AD 1'14' • LE~T(X' , I I 1 10000 £NT(~ II 3-fl1T CIIoE · "'51'15" RIGHf(X S ,I> amplification: the rats always seem to rOOI 1 05'11 "'AL'IIlS) YAL'II11S1 I fl iT [~R811---CIRRECT CIO[ IS ODODQ ceDE IN tRlleR 75 S'~I • VAL'AUI VALl liS$) spoil too much of the harvest; food pro CIOE SNalLO 8t 101 110 Sl~) • ",AURIS) VA1I8.11 ENTER "- 5-1I 1T " INII.RY CI OE duction is just not profitable; the game R5 5'.' ....~U82S) Y"'-(II5S) 100100 ENTER A 3-ElIT CIOE. 90 '"'H I • I Til 4 reduces to a 'real estate' venture with the rOIO 95 I ' 2 LET SIll. 0 s.1l • I II I ' tRlleR- -- CIRRECT CIOE I S ODDOD buying and selling of land a generally 1111TH(HTI C ClOt 100 "'H":" I 105 I' SIll 0 LET '1 • I EHTER A 3·PIT CODE, ~~TtR A 5-91 T fl l HARY CIO( good strategy; there is no dependent 110 I~ 5(2) • 0 GOTe 125 '00010 7011 lIS I~ rt • 1 GOTII 240 logic built into the random events; the C~OE IN ERRI" 120'2', 1 RIT tIlRIIR- ··ceRIIECT CIIOE IS 00000 addition of another commodity or manu· CID[ SHel.l.O BE 010 125 I' YALIII3U • so> LtT r3 • 130 I' VIILIB3U • $(4) Ltl , ... ENTtR ~ 3 - BI T CaDI: . 135 K • rt • '2 • F3 • '4 ENT,,, A 5-RI T BINARr ceDE factured product might add to the ri ch ? 11 0 11 ,,~ 1 .. 0 I ' K. 0 GeTe 230 AUTHtHTIC ceDE ness of the game (more tradeoff strate ceDE I N ERRIIR 1"5 IF ~ • 2 GIITe 240 c.ot SHeULO BE 101 150" .rt • f3' • 2 00" US gies); a multi·player version of the game [HTER A 5-81T BINAIIY CIDE 15$ PH • RI GHTI STR'I ·Y"'-'I I 11 '.I , ? 11010 might prove interesting. I guess this list ENTER'" l-BIT ceDE· 160 r.en. 215 Sample Solution - Problem 1 r 101 165 I' ,' I _ f.1 • 2 on. lID reduces to a single question: Where is AI,ITHENTIC CIIOr. 170 "21' RlliHH STRII _ YIILI1I2111.1) I RI t £RRIII __ -C'RRECT c.or. IS 1101 I KlNGOOM II? If there are enhanced 115 G3Tf1 2 15 >Ll5TNfl ENTER'" 3·B[T ceDE. IHO If '~3 _ f.) • 2 olin 195 ENTER A S-"I T P I NII."Y CUDE r 11 0 r 100.1 versions of tltis simulation in existence, 1115 ~3,' 1I1liHT< STII(I - YALIR351).I) CeDI: IN ERROR 190 toarll 2 15 send them to us fo r review and publica 10 5( I) ~ 0 celiE ~N~ILO BE 010 195 [F ('I' • '3' 'I' Gllnl 2 10 I ~IT ERR0R· ·-ceRRECT ClOE IS 11011 tion. 205(2)"'1 1"00 I'.! • RI GHte STRII - YALI8~U)'l> EHTER '" 5·RIT BINAIIY ceot EHTER A 3-"1T CIIOE · 1'05 Mfl' I' I S 110101 , III 85 PR_ "TW0-AGENT PR0BLEM" 210 ~H oRIGHH STR(I • YIILI"511),I' ceDE IH f.RRIR [R"IR • 2 911S --- oeUDLE AGEHT! 5 90 PRo "T0 END PR0GRAM~ TYPE THE CHARACTERS 1'1' PR . "" •• CIOf; SIIftlLO at 101 1'1':0 PR,"" I li lT ERIMR-·-C,RlltCf :eOE IS Reviewed by Ramon M. Zamora. END WHEN ASKED F0R A C0DE" E"'TE~ 1\ S-IIIT II I N"-RT CIDE ""' al h"2S_83So8",_IIS\ 110110 f.HTtR A l-RIT CIOE • .. 225 ('0TII 12 tRRIR ~ 2 lilTS _ •• DlUBlE AGEHTI HNO 230 1'1<,·· III,ITH£NTIC C30E·· ====~:=::::=: = .=:':~=:=:=:=:"'" 95 PR." " I'l5 !llITI) 12 ENTE~ A S-OIT RINAII Y CIOE o 100 PRo "ENTER A 3-fl1T CeDE." 1'.0 rR . ·· ERRaR • I' ~ITS -_. olUJLE Alil:NTI·· r~o D 2.5 mHO 12 105 INPUT 8$ :»(1 H0P REVIEW 1 06 IF" 8S : "END" G0 T0 185 1'60 [NO L 110 G0SU8 200 1155(3):51 BAlTLESTAR GALACfICA 1205(4) : 52 1 2 5 IF" (5(1) " 5(3) AND 5(2):5(4» G0T0 180 t U 1 26 IF" (S(I) , 5(3) AND 5(2)15(4» G0T0 140 ! 129 x : 1-5(3) I 130 IF" (5(1) : X) G0Te 150 • 134 XIII 1-5(4) T 135 IF" (5(2) .. X) G0T0 160 • 14083$ .. RIGHT< 5TRCI-VAL(B3S» .1) I 145 G0nJ 165 15081 $,. RIGHT< 5TR(1~VAl(8IS». 1) I 1 55 G0T0 165 I I 160 92f. '" RIGHT< STR(1 - VAL(B2S»~ I) 1 165 PRINT" C00E I N ERR0R" • f 170 PRINT" caOE SH0ULO BE ",8IS+B2S+83$ , o 1 72 G0T0 95 I 175 5T0P 180 PRINT" AUTHENTIC ceDE" I t ! N 182 G0 T0 95 I 1 B5 5T0P 190 END 2008 1$ : LEF"T c1uded), weighs approximately one pound in an area will be displayed in the fore and measures 10 inches by 6.S inches by ground color, while 'off bits in the area 1.5 inches. It is warranted against defec will display the background color. Both ANNOUNCEMENTS tive materials and workmanship for one foreground and background colors can be year, and has a suggested retail price of changed at any time. $50. Software support for the VP -590 will be Texas Instruments Incorporated, Con prOvided through CHIP-8C, a color sumer Relations, P.O. Box 53 (Attn: graphics language which is upward com· Learning Aids), Lubbock, Texas 79408. patible with the CHIP -8 language used ======- most frequently misspelled from kinder "Hangman." Other games call for word on the present VIP. The VP-590 plugs garten days into adulthood-words like completion or solution of secret codes. ======,,- == directly into a socket provided on both anxious, ocean, language, obey and existing and future VIP units. HARDWARE learn." A Speak & Spell feature game aimed at improving pronunciation is "Say It," According to Richard Simpson, Product Speak & Spell offers an entirely new con which displays a word, pauses to give a Manager for the VIP, "The low cost of SA 400 and SA 450. Printers available cept in speech reproduction. "Unlike tape child a chance to say it out loud, then the VIP Color Board is a result of using with the system-include Teletype, Cen· recorders and pull-string phonograph gives the correct pronunciation. the new RCA CDP1862 color display tronics, and Diablo. records used in recent years in many IC circuit. The CDP1862 was specifically 'speaking' toys," the Tl spokesman ob Speech Technology designed to interface with the CDP1861 System software includes a macro assem served. cirCuit, which is used to generate the The state-of-the-art Solid State Speech bler, interactive debugger, interactive edi VIP's video graphics," tor and text processor. A bootstrap TI's Solid State Speech circuitry has no TI developed for Speak & Spell is based on a solid-state read·only memory simi· - loader is an integral part of the system moving parts. A single integrated circuit, For further information, call Rick lar to that used in the company's pro· stored in ROM. It runs diagnostics and smaller than an aspirin, has all the digi GLITCH KILLER Simpson at (717)291-5848, or write provides automatic loading from disc. tally-coded data necessary to produce grammable handheld calculators. The RCA COSMAC VIP Marketing, New synthetic speech electronically. Word 128K dynamic ROM is believed to be the Holland Avenue, Lancaster, PA 17604. first production device that incorporates Glitches, false print-out and memory loss A CP/M application software develop models are stored in a read·only memory are often caused by lightning and ma over 100,000 electronic functions on a ment system including 32K RAM and (ROM). When the unit is told to say chinery surges or AC power line hash. single integrated circuit chip. TI expects dual floppy disc drive (5 I 2KB) is something, it pulls a word model from The AC line Cord Suppressor/Filter to introduce additional word lists in $3,995.00 with RS232 interfaces for memory, processes it through the inte being introduced by Electronic Specialists video display terminal and line printer. grated circuit and speaks electronically coming months that will increase a unit's capabilities manyfold. These word lists will bring glitch causing hash and surges through a standard loudspeaker. under controL will be interchangeable modules which Micro V Corporation recently announced will plug into the back of Speak & Spell. the MicroStar/55 Small Business System How It Works Capable of handling up to a 1000 watt with a data base manageinent system A spokesman explained that analog audio load, the line cord suppressor/ftltet called UPDATETM. This permits an In its main mode of operation, Speak & signals representing spoken works are pro provides both line-to-line and Une English dialog with the system. Spell randomly pronounces a word in TALKING LEARNING AID INTRO cessed through a complex mathematical to-ground protection. Model S/F-KW-3 MlCROSTARTM /S SINGLE BOARD standard American English (including DUCED BY TEXAS INSlRUMENTS procedure that divides each word into a priced at $22.50. Electronic Specialists, COMPUTER From: MICRO V, 17777 S.E. Main St., proper inflections). When the child keys number of slices that represent a word's Inc., Box 122, Natick, MA01760Tel: Irvine,CA 92714 (714)957.1517. in his spelling on the alphabetic key An innovative talking learning aid called most distinctive characteristics as digits (617)655-1532. The MicroStar/5 Single Board Com Speak & SpeU™ that helps children learn board, the word is shown visually on the rather than sound waves. Once the word puter is a complete microprocessor based how to spell and pronounce over 200 unit's eight-character display screen. has been digitized, it is stored in Speak & ==--====:':-='== = =::: computing system available on a single basic vocabulary words was introduced Right answers earn verbal and visual Spell's solid-state memory, much as the 9* x 13W' board. It supports the CP/ RCA ANNOUNCES MUSIC SYNTIIE praise; wrong answers are followed by a by Texas Instruments. numbers are stored in a calculator. RCA ADDS COLOR TO VIP MTM disc operating system including SIZER FOR VIP patient encouragement to try again. After BASIC, FORTRAN N and COBOL. Speak & Spell, utilizing TI's advanced every set of 10 words, the voice of Speak When the word is needed, it's called out RCA today demonstrated its new ex· RCA demonstrated its new expansion Solid State SpeechTM, helps children & Spell announces the score, which also is of memory and converted back into ana pansion board which will allow its VIP The MicroStar/5 integrates a microproces board which will allow its VIP personal sharpen word skills scientifically and is in· shown on the display screen. log impulses that drive a regular audio personal computer to provide video sor (INTEL 8085), Floppy Disc Con computer to generate music. tended to provide a supplement to regular speaker to form the sounds that make up displays in eight colors. troller (INTEL 8271), Random Access classroom language instruction. Speak & A Speak & Spell student progresses each word. Memory (16KB to 64KB), Real Time The VP -5S0 Super Sound Board will Spell was created with the guidance of through four levels of over 50 words RCA's basic VIP unit has heretofore been Clock, Direct Memory Access, Program retail for $49.00, and is expected to be leading educators, according to TI. each, setting his own pace as he goes. Tl's Solid State Speech is believed to be limited to black and white display on a mable Interrupt Controller and 2 RS232 available about October 15, 1978. The Level one starts with beginners' words; the first low-cost, mass-produced unit video monitor or, through an external peripheral/terminal interfaces. A 32K board is completely assembled and will "The first 200 words for Speak & Spell as he gains confidence and skill, he pro which produces speech electronically. modulator, onto a standard television set. RAM version of the MicroStar/S is priced be sold through RCA industrial distri were selected on the basis of studies that gresses to tougher challenges. at $1,270.00 in OEM quantities. uton and many computer stores. indicated they are most needed by child Price of Delivery The VP·590 Color Board, which will retail for $69.00, allows the user to select ren in the seven to 12 age group-mainly A number of games are offered to in The system will interface a variety of RCA will also provide a computer pro because these words do not follow 'the trigue pre-teenagers. "Mystery Word," Speak & Spell, which comes with a 28- one of three background colors for his mM compatible floppy disc drives gram called PIN (Play It Now) which will rules,' but have to be memorized," the for example, is a word guessing game sim page illustrated instruction and game display; he then specifies one of eight including Shugart SA 800 and SA 850, allow VIP users to easily transcribe sheet spokesman said. "They include words ilar to the generations-old game of book, uses four C-cell batteries (not in· foreground colors for each of sixty. four the CALCOMP 142M and 143M, the music to play on the VIP, or compose screen areas. Any bit which is turned on PerSci 277 and the Shugart mini floppy their own music. 56 PEOPLE'S COMPUTERS NOV-DEC 57 According to Richard Simpson, Product Interface: Compatible with most com Timed interrupt intervals are hardware upon voice or keyboard command. MIKE A NEW GUIDE TO LEARNING THE Manager for the VlP, "This low-cost add puter systems utilizing the S-IOO buss selectable from 100 microseconds to 100 is also capable of recording voice response APL LANGUAGE on to the VIP will allow the user to gen ALTAIR, IMSAI, SOL Poly 88, Equinox, milliseconds. Software counters can vocabularies and producing natural erate a wide variety of sounds over a and many more. Consists of a single card extend this time into days or years. sounding verbal responses to requests A combination workboOk/textbook four-octave range. Because the user utilizing parallel output, ASCII coded. for infonnation or for confinnation of offering a problem. solving approach to has control over the tone envelope, he The multiple pin connector is compatible MULTITASKER without PROM in kit voice data entry items. Contact: Logical learning computer progranuning in APL can simulate the sound of various conven· with all S-IOO mother boards. form is $205.95 from Objective Design, Machine Corporation, 1294 Hammer· has just been published by Hayden Book tional musical instnunents, such as a P.O. Box 20325, Tallahassee, FL 32304, wood Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94086, Company, Inc. lI's entitled: APL: AN clarinet, or create 'new instruments' Power supply: Optional. Provides 30 phone (904) 224·5545. Shipping costs (408)744·1290. INTRODUCTION, by Howard A. PeeUe. with unusual sounds." ¥DC @ 2A. Customized power output are $5.00 Canada; $20.00 overseas. supply is matched to the requirements Call factory direct for further info. The guide is self-instructional; that is, Since the VIP Music Board can generate of the kit. Includes computer·grade you can teach yourself the APL language any frequency within ilS range, users capacitor and driver power transistors by using this book-with or without a may program it for the conventional to operate solenoids. computer. Each chapter opens with an music scale, non· traditional scales, or ar· ADAM AND MIKE explanation of APL problem-solving bitrary sounds which can be used to gen· Mechanical parts and solenoids: All mech tools, followed by numerous examples anical parts and solenoids are prOvided erate sound effects rather than music. ADAM is the logical machine that has of APL expressions. The reader is then with the kit. No drilling of holes or modi· ===:.~~ == === revolutionized the small business asked to solve selected exercises, which fications that affect normal use of type· can be done with or without a computer. The Music Board has two independent computer market. It is the first business outputs so that the user can program TIle PcrCom unit, which includes thc writer. Answers are provided in the appendix. drive, drive power supply, and enclosure, system that can actually be instructed SOFTWARE both melody and harmony or two-part by the business owner in plain everyday is identical in all important respects to Complete kits are priced at $450. Avail· The book is written in an informal style, hannony. English. the IRS·80 Mini·Desk System. The Per· able from: MiniMicroMart Wholesale, with handwritten annotations that serve Com unit sells for $399.00. The Radio 1618 James Street, Syracuse, NY 13202. Provisions are made to create up to six MIKE is the latest addition to this as supplementary explanation alongside Shack Mini·Disk System lists at $499.00. Phone (315) 422-4467. examples of APL expressions. Each part music using an external four·channel product line. It is a voice recognition and PERSONAL LEDGER FOR chapter ends with a review, and surrunary tape recorder. In addition, the PIN pro response unit that allows you to control TIle drive itself is the proven Shugart COMMODOREPETTM. tables of all expressions appear at the gram can control a readily available ADAM by speaking. • drum synthesizer for accompanying per SA·400-lhe same drive used in the end of the book for quick reference. Channel Data Systems introduces cussion effects. Radio Shack unit. The data transfer rale 256 pages, 8~ x 11, paper, $8.50. is 125 kilobits per second . Access time is ADAM and MIKE are designed to Personal Ledger, a complete double complement each other. The ease of The VIP is a microcomputer based on the a fraction of a second. The drive power entry bookkeeping system with pro· Look for Howards articles RCA COSMAC (COP 1802) microproces supply features overload current limiting operating ADAM coupled with MIKE's visions for budgeting and keeping records ill this. issue. voice data entry, voice inquiry and voice sor, and is designed to interface directly and thermal protection. of income, deductible and non·deduct· with a video monitor or through an ex response capability provide a system ible expenses, assets and liabilities. Its confined only by the dimensions of the interactive features enable entering trans ternal modulator onto a TV set. It is pro· Interfacing of disk drives to the TRS-80 user's imagination and ingenuity. Your actions, adding or editing accounts, and vided with an interpretive language which computer is accomplished with the Radio NORTHSTAR USERS GROUP COMPUTER JUGGLES MANY TASKS voice and chosen vocabulary will allow printing of a detailed Income Statement RELEASES PROGRAM LIBRARY makes it easy for the user to write graphic Shack TRS-80 Expansion Interface. you to have access to infonnation stored and Ba1ance Sheet. games and other applications without wltich accommodates up to four drives S-IOO computers can handle simultaneous in ADAM without the use of the key· Some 300+ programs on 20 diskettes having to learn machine language. The (and other peripherals), and includes problems when outfitted with the board. This means the business owner Up to 50 accounts are allowed with are now available for a small copying VIP contains a 16-key keypad for enter controller electronics and a four·drive MULTITASKER, an interrupt handling can speak to ADAM via a microphone names and budgets specified by the charge plus the price of a new diskette ing programs and has a built·in audio cable. Operating software for all drives board from Objective Design, Inc. Having and ask for 'year·to·date sales' or 'net user. An audit trail of all entered trans· from the Northstar Users Group. The cassette interface to pennit storing pro· is obtained by the user with the purchase interrupts in the system allows one ca profit' and receive either a printed report, actions is printed on the printer of your disks are designed to run in microcom· grams on a cassette recorder. Documenta· of the first drive from Radio Shack. puler to do the work of many, For ex screen display, or voice response. choice or on the screen if you do not puter systems that utilize the Northstar tion provided with the VIP contains list ample, with an interrupt driven system have a printer. All data is stored on DOS and Northstar BASIC, a high level ings for twenty games for use on the For more information, please contact the you can: handle program development on You may give MIKE a request to have cassette, loaded prior to entering trans interpreter. system. PerCom Data Company, 318 Barnes, Garland TX 75042, (214) 272·3421. several termina1s at once; run household ADAM display infonnation such as actions and stored after entering trans appliances and play games at the same For further infonnation, call Rick management fmancial figures, inventory actions. There is no waiting for printing The library includes business and fmance time; and continue using the computer status, order records, credit checks, or to the tape during operation of the programs, mailing list programs, math, Simpson at (717)291·5848, or write • Trademark while a slow printer is churning out a any other business data being processed system. Extensive error recovery fea· programming utilities, a PiLOT inter RCA COSMAC VIP Marketing, New listing. preter, a Palo Alto Tiny Basic interpreter Holland Avenue, Lancaster, PA 17604. by ADAM. You may also use MIKE tures are included to allow reentry of to enter data into ADAM's files. New an erroneous instruction or value. and an enonnous number of games. Com CONVERT YOUR PRESENT IBM The MULTITASKER can be located orders, daily shipments, payroll hours, puter games are still a pet fancy among SELECTRIC® TO A COMPUTER anywhere in memory-and will generate and product inspection infonnation are Personal Ledger is supplied on cassette, computer hobbyists and amateur pro· PERCOM MANUFACTURING ADD·ON PRINTER 'CALL' vectors to any location. The a few examples. MIKE can also confinn along with a complete manual, program grammers. DISK DRIVES FOR TANDY RADIO assembly language software reql,lired for your inputs verbally to ensure accurate listing and sample data for only $20.00 SHACK TRS·80 COMPUTER ESCON conversion kits let you converl handling interrupts is available on PROM data entry. by Channel Data Systems. 5960 Mandarin Further infonnation can be obtained by a standard IBM Selectric typewriter into (which goes into space prOvided on the Avenue, Goleta, CA 93017, or telephone sending a self· addressed stamped en PerCom Data Company announced here a quality printer in just a few hours. board), making the interface into a high MIKE is designed to learn and recognize (805) 964-6695. velope to J. Dvorak, Authorized NSUG today that the company is now manu No holes to drill. No mechanicaJ genius level, relatively easy job. a user-specified vocabulary consisting of Program Ubrary Distributor, 704 Solano facturing "add·on" minifloppy· disk needed. And no changes in the appear up to sixteen (16) words or phrases. '" 8k 8ytes RAM Required Ave., Albany, CA 94706. drives for the Tandy Radio Shack TRS- ances or nonnal operation of your IBM Another MULTITASKER board option ADAM can store multiple vocabulary 80 computer. Selectric once conversion is complete. is a crystal derived Real Time Oock. sets of sixteen words that can be recalled 58 PEOPLE'S COMPUTERS NOV·DEC 5. .. , SOFTWARE PACKAGED IN NORTH device over the telephone lines using an Instruments programmables are always according to Kornfeld, "will be to assist least one sales manager with extensive STAR FORMAT acoustic coupler. represented in each issue. area Radio Shack stores in answering computer experience, a technician, and computer questions and closing sales, clerical help." MicroAge has announced software pac The telecommunication system consists The Recreational Programmer is printed and to develop quantity sales, prin aged on mini-diskette in North Star of an assembly language routine and on sturdy text in an eye-pleasing format. cipally of Radio Shack TRS·80 Micro "Several hundred new job openings have format. Each disk is ready to run on any another program written in MITS disk Each issue's cover displays striking art computer Systems and peripheral equip been created by the launching of this 5·100, S080/Z80 computer system. Cur extended BASIC. Control commands are work to insure that the reader will enjoy ment, to businesses and institutions. program, and in addition, Radio Shack's rent offerings include: provided to enable the operator to receiving and using this sensibly priced Fort Worth computer factory continues switch command console communication bimonthly magazine. "The stores," Kornfeld continued, "will to expand in people and space." The • Financial programs from 'Some Com from the remote device to MITS and vice prOvide market area service on Radio factory is one of 20 owned and operated mon BASIC Programs', by Osbome & versa. This system may be used to com· Readers interested in subSCribing to The Shack computer products, thus extend by the consumer electronics chain. Associates. municate and transfer any kind of data RecreatioTUll Programmer may send S 12 ing to nearly 100 the number of service • Mathematical analysis programs from mes to and from a remote time sharing ($15 outside the USA and APQ's) to facilities operated by Radio Shack in 'Some Common BASIC Programs.' device at speeds up to 300 baud. The The RecreatioTUlI Programmer, P.O. Box this country, and will include classroom • Games. Vol. 1. Trap, Batnum, Hurkle, hardware requirements are MITS 8800b 2571, Kalamazoo, Michigan, 49003. areas where the Company can teach Stars, Reverse, Mathdrill I, Cannon, with 32K core memory and one or more computer use and progranuning to its Chomp, Weekday, Calendar, Pony. floppy disks. It is supplied on an 8" The RecreatiOTUlI Programmer is pub· customers and prospects." • Games. Vol. 2. Includes Button, Frog, floppy disk with an 18 page User's Manu lished bimonthly by Programmers Pub· Siring, Change, Civilwar, Golf, Golf Other control features include: PEEK al. The system is priced at $195.00 lishing Co., 3013 Cameron Street, Kala· In addition, the new Radio Shack Com hand, Chase!, Shooting Star, Lunar and POKE commands to examine and which includes the source listing. The mazoo, Michigan, 49003, (616) 343 . 3546. puter Centers will display and sell "a Lander, Mathdrill II. modify any location in the computer's User's Manual may be purchased separ variety of pieces and parts, as well as • Backorder program using disc data memory; IN and OUT commands to ately for $20.00 for system evaluation packaged software and, possibly, hard· nles. input or output at the machine level ; and its cost may be applied towards the ware items of makes other than Radio • Mailing list using disc data meso and SENSE for looking at any individual purchase of the telecommunication Shack," Kornfeld stated. • Northstar OOS for the Centronics bit on any port. In addition, XYBASIC system at a later date. For more informa· printer. has a number of bit manipulation com tion contact: Me. Mark Shelton, Micro· "In respect to the significant nwnber of • Retail sales reporting using disc data mands usually only found in an assembler ware-PBS, P.O. Box 47, Blacksburg, VA OTHER TRS-80 personal computers we have TRS-80 MODS IMPROVE COMPUTER files. such as ROTATE, SHIFT, and TEST. 24060. sold," he added, "we believe the time is right to quickly expand our ability to Radio Shack TRS-80 computer users can The price for each package is $35. This Another significant feature is XYBASIC'S ===-==."":.,,,,=.= keep them in top working order and have both Level I and II Basics in the software is available from local computer ROMability. With the ROM version, provide solid local know·how for our same machine, can have lowercase, can stores or from MicroAgeMail Order, 803 XYBASIC appears instantly when the GUIDE TO TRS·80n~ INFORMATION customers and employees alike." reduce the maze of cords, and can get N. Scottsdale Road , Tempe, AZ 85281. system is turned on. (Of course, XY THE RECREATIONAL some of the infonnation about how to PROGRAMMERTM BASIC is available on paper tape, cas The Guide covers: addresses, articles, "We have converted the fonner Tandy do these things free. setle tape, or floppy disk if desired.) authors, bugs, comments,hardware, ideas, Computer store, located in Fort Worth, The RecreatioTUlI Programmer is a novel And what's more, a special ROM Squared phone numbers, predictions, reduced into a Radio Shack Computer Center, The second edition of the free Computer small journal for sophisticated users of version lets you create stand-alone prices, rumors, software, sources, tips, and are in the process of identifying the Information Exchange Newsletter tells systems. This means that both XYBASIC computers and programmable calculators. used unit and user groups, and wanted. other 49 or so cities and exact locations." how to shoehorn both Level I and II onto Total emphasis is devoted to leisure uses and your XYBASIC program can be run One Guide: $3 ea. 2 to 9: S2.50 ea. the same circuit board. It is available for computers and programmable calcu in ROM. The system begins running 10 or more: $1.90 ea. Full refund on re "To date we have selected our warehouse by sending SASE (with 15¢ postage) to simply by hitting the RESET button. lators. The owner who enjoys games, turn, if not satisfied. Send check or M.O. store in Garden Grove, California, and CIE, Box 158, San Luis Rey, CA 92068 graphics, astronomy, sailing, amateur with Name, Address & Zip to: F.E. our late· fall-opening shop in Chicago's All XYBASIC versions are available from radio, or recreational mathematics and Huebner, P.O. Box 37206, Oak. Park, Water Tower Place as two sites for The lowercase articles, including what to stock for as little as $295.00. The XY programming puzzles will find TIle MI48237. Computer Centers within Radio Shack XYBASIC FOR 8080-BASED do about the Radio Shack Level II bloop BASIC Programming Manual may be RecrearioTUll Programmer a rich source stores. We are also considering converting SYSTEMS er, are in CIE's magazine, TRS·80 purchased separately for $20.00. Mark of usable, well· documented programs and some existing Radio Shack stores to Computing I: 1, subscriptions available The Mark Williams Company announces Williams Company, 1430 West Wright articles. Computer Centers in order to hasten for $10 (12 issues). XYBASIC, a high level lnnguage for wood Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60614 RADIO SHACK TO OPEN SO the day when we are truly nationwide Each program features a flow diagram with this project." Capital expenditures process control and data acquisition. Telephone: Area Code 312 472·6659. COMPUTER CENTERS Also in the 32-page first edition of the written in English, and patterned as a for the 50 centers are expected to total magazine are articles by TRS-80 designer BASIC program. This allows the user of about S4 miJI..ion. Control fealUrcs include a soflware ~:~:~=''''':'~=:''~ Plans to open 50 computer sales and Steven W. Leininger, by a Radio Shack any computer programmable in BASIC, interrupt feature (ENAaLE) which service stores in 1978-9 were revealed repairman, and a couple of programmers. effectively multiplies the power of your TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM such as the PET, the TRS-80, the APPLE, by Lewis Kornfeld, president of Tandy Ted F. Cromer, fonnerly General Manag. Also, how to install your own 16K computer. It allows you to monitor ANNOUNCED FOR MIlS 8800b or any of the numerous S-Ioo bus sys Corporation's Radio Shack division. er of Tandy Computers and a veteran of memory chips, and save. A complete external devices and execute a program at MICRO COMPllTER tems to easily use any program on his or 13 years with IBM, has been selected as set of schematics is reproduced, on 10 her machine. the same time. ENABLE automatically "While some will be located within new Director of Radio Shack Computer pages. The magazine is standard g M checks to see if the specified condition The Microware·PBS has announced a or existing Radio Shack stores, most will Centers. He will be assisted by the Radio by 11 inches. is met before executing each program telecommunication system for the MITS Programmable calculator owners will find be separate entities and all are expected Shack district manager in the area of statement. In addition, a DELAY com Altair 8800b microcomputer. This system that each useful flow diagram is accom· to be in major markets," he said. each center. Upcoming in issue 1:2 is a complete mand builds real- time delays into the pro enables the MITS 8800b to be used as panied by a thoroughly commented listing of an 8 K·byte journal/ledger gram without the addition of a real an intelligent terminal in two way com· listing for any of a variety of personal "They will be called Radio SlUJck Com According to Kornfeld, "Within each program, which runs in either Level I time clock to the system. munication with a remote time sharing calculators! Hewlett·Packard and Texas puter Centers, and their purpose," Computer Center we expect to see at or II. 60 PEOPLE'S COMPUTERS NOV·DEC 61 .. 1802 USERS GROUP to the handicapped in public schools, 311 the games you play. Therefore your Designed as a personalized working tool, cations, software enhancements, exper "We do not claim to be able to predict has come from the Wayne County object is to get a good score in each tlle Channel Data Book provides a refer ience with hardware, user groups, and the future, rather, we will provide A national 1802 user's group is being Intemlediate School District, Northville separate game, but not necessarily to get ence service for PET -related products, seminars and events of general interest. information so policy makers can antic· formed for ALL 18OO-based computers, Public Schools, the United Cerebral a better score than the player with whom plus convenient dividers and color coding The use of articles from the IMSAlder ipate many of the problems that happen including Basic·ELF, ELF·II, Super. Palsy Association of Michigan and the you are currently playing. to organize programs, articles, is encouraged, and these may be re to arise," said Nilles. ELF, VIP, Infinite, etc. Although only a federal government's funding of research and newsletters of specific interest printed upon receipt of written permis few months old, they already have over and development of such communication To join the computer tournament you to each user. SpeciaJ sections for filing sion from the editor. Contact: Barbara Contact: Prof. Jack Nilles, University of 400 members. Actual membership is free, devices. Contact: Fran Murray, (517) submit a program written in BASIC or correspondence you have received from Otto, IMSAI Manufacturing Corpora Southern CalifOrnia, University Park, and each member gets a free listing in 355-2293, MSU Department of Infor FORTRAN IV which will be a decision Commodore and flyers from other pro tion, 14860 Wicks Blvd., San Leandro, Los Angeles, CA 90007. our official newsletter, "THE PERl· mation Services, East Lansing, Michigan rule for the selection of the cooperative duct suppliers are 31so provided. Flyers CA94577 (415)483·2093. PHERAL". which is published monthly 48824. or the defecting choice at each move. from suppliers of PET -related products and furnished at cost to subscribing mem The decision rule may be based on the who elect to advertise in the Data Book bers [SS.OO/year - 12 issues - 8-pages history of the game so far. For example, a will be included in product sections. A GOOD CONFERENCE TO minimum1. There is one basic require simple and pretty effective decision ru1e is Venders tllat market PET-related pro GAAfBOLAT ment for all members: Wh en correspond· TIT FOR TAT: cooperate on the first ducts or services should be sure to con ing, please include 3 loose IS ¢ stamp move, and then do exactly what the other tact CDS, as a summary of the informa· Recently, Professor William Eadington, inside your letler, to help defray postage player did on the previous move. tion will be included at no cost. Professor of Economics at the University costs. Anyone interested in jOining, please of Nevada, Reno, has put out a call for write directly for further details. Patrick Quite sophisticated decision rules can be The Data Book includes a 3-ring binder papers and participants for the Fourth Kelly, P.O. Box 7162, Los Angeles, CA written in as little as 25 lines. and updated supplements with instruc· Conference on Cambling. 90022. tions for filing new and revised material. This tournament is part of a research The price of $19.95 includes the Channel It will be held at the new MGM-Grand -======:::::: project to understand the nature of NATIONAL COMPUTER Oat:. Book and update service through USC TO LOOK AT PERSONAL Hotel in Reno, Nevada, December 17 skillful performance in a two·sided MSU STUDENT DEMONSTRATES TOURNAMENT calendar year 1979. Order from Channel COMPUTING through December 19 of this year. environment which is partially coop- 'TALKING COMPUTER' Data Systems, 5960 Mandarin Ave., This is a special announcement that is Looking for a challenging project for erative and partially competitive. Gol,,". CA 93017 (80S) 964·6695 Personal computers may have a more being put out in order to reach members Use of Michigan State University's your strategic instincts and your pro far-reaching effect on our current way of the various computer clubs, users Each person who completes an entry will "talking computer" is being demon, gramming skills? This computer tourn =::=:=.O!:==:=.":==:":=, === of life than television had on life over groups, and readers of the many com receive a report describing the results st rated at a U.S. Government interagency ament may be for you. There is no 25 years ago, believes Jack Nilles of puter magazines, and the research they of the tournament. The winner will conference in Washington, D.C., Wed charge to enter. CUSTOMER NEWSLETTER fROM the University of Southern California. have made. With the recent surge in receive a handsome engraved trophy. nesday (Sept. 6) by ''In MSU student lMSAI the amount of computers available to The toumament is based on a nifty little Nilles and a team of four USC professors the general public, there is a large amount who is handicapped. To get further details on the tourna game called the Prisoner's Dilemma. The lMSAlder, a customer newsletter are studying the effects of the personal of people available to do computer ment, write to Professor Robert Axelrod, James Renuk, who has cerebral paJsy and In the Prisoner's Dilemma there are two from lMSAl Manufacturing Corporation, computer revolution, supported by a simulation. Institute of Public Policy Studies, The cannot command his vocal tract to pro pl3yers. Unlike most games, such as is now a bimonthly publication in a new grant from the National Science Founda University of Michigan, 506 E. Liberty duce speech, will deliver his remarks from chess, the two players are not in total glossy magazine format. Its purpose is: tion. This year, as in previous years, the St., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104. his wheelchair wilh use of the MSU conflict. In fact, both can do well or both in the words of General Manager Wesley conference promises to be an exciting computerized portable communications can do poorly. Dehn, "To establish communication with Ouring the next 18 months, the group event, and any serious student of system. Renuk is a fourth year food all the people who purchased (iMSAI) will try to answer such questions as: gambling should plan to attend. science major from Westland, Mich. He Here is how the tournament works. The equipment, (and) as the capabilities, will personal computers raise or lower hopes to become a medical researcher. game will be played for an average of the usefulness and the performance of educational standards? increase or Anyone wishing to present a paper 200 moves, and in each move, each player our product are improved or expanded, decrease employment? expand the infor· should submit two copies as soon as The portable system being used by Renuk C3n choose either to cooperate or to to make that information available." To mation society or create a new class of possible to: was developed at the MSU laboratory defect. If both cooperate, both do well. customers, it is available by subscription underprivileged - the information poor? Professor William Eadington and incorporates a modified Heathkit But if one defects while the other coop at $4.00 per year. Dealers are encouraged influence energy consumption? cause Program Coordinator Microcomputer with 3 modified Phonic erates, the defecting player gets his TIiE CHANNEL DATA BOOK fOR to have copies for sale at S 1.00 a copy. economic chaos? protect or invade Bureau of Business & Economics Mirror HandiVoice developed by Federal hlghest payoff, and the cooperating PET USERS personal privacy? Research Screw Company of Detroit. The Detroit player gets taken for a sucker and gets Featured in the June issue are articles University of Nevada, Reno product is an electronic simulation of his lowest payoff. The catch is that if Channel Data Systems will publish a about the new FORTRAN IV software, The team will focus on two aspects of Reno, Nevada 89557 the human voice tract. both defect, both do poorly. hardware/software reference service for a description of what's in the MPU·B the uses of personal computers: probable For further infornlation, Bill can be users of the Commodore PETTM per· Board, and an explanation of a few of impact areas and public policy alterna contacted at (702) 784-6850. Renuk is able to use the m~crocomputer The precise payoffs in the tournament sonal computer. The Channel Data Book the enhancements available in [MOOS, tives to those impacts. They will first try which he carries on his wheelchair. for a given move are 3 points each if is a user-oriented directory of PET -re lMSAJ's Multi Floppy Disk Operating to outline the probable impact areas, both cooperate; 5 points to a player lated products including: System. In future issues, look for articles concentrating on the kinds of uses and Many similar devices, Renuk contends, who defects while the other cooperates, on new products, such as the IMSAJ users of personal computers. Through will help people to work with the young with 0 points to the sucker; and I point • Software VDp·40 (Video Data Processing System), interviews and questionnaires, the handicapped in order to evaluate the each if both defect. The score of a player • Hardware and Peripherals software applications programs, and researchers will try to find out who is intellectual 3nd physical potentials of in a single game is his or her tot31 over • Literature and PeriodicaJs of speciaJ many other articles of interest to users doing what and who is affected. these children. all the moves. interest to PET users of IMSAI computer systems. Secondly, they will perform a detailed • Listings of user groups and distributors analysis of the different impacts and of Support for the MSU program and serv To win the tournament you have to get • Cross references by product type and The IMSAIder welcomes articles and let· public poUcy 31ternatives to those ices to students like Renuk, as well 3S the highest totaJ score summed over supplier ters from IMSAI users concerning appli· impacts. " PEOPLE'S COMPUTERS NOV-DEC 63