Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Land Leading Off of St Mary's Drive Stretton Burton Upon Trent De13

ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT

MIDLAND ARCHÆ OLOGICAL SERVICES

P/2014/01286 LAND LEADING OFF OF ST Received MARY’S DRIVE 06/10/2014 STRETTON

BURTON UPON TRENT DE13 0JJ

CLIENT: A & S ENTERPRISES GRID REF: NGR SK 425606 326912 PLANNING REF: N/A

STEVE WILLIAMS BA (Hons)

JUNE 2014

Specialist & Independent Historic

Environment Advisors to the Construction & Property Industries

CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction and Scope of Study 3

2.0 Objectives and Methodology 4

3.0 Planning Background 4

4.0 National And Local Policy Guidance 4

5.0 Geography and Geology 8

6.0 Site Survey 8

7.0 Historical and Archaeological Background 9

8.0 Cartographic and Aerial Photographic Evidence 11

9.0 Conclusions 12

10.0 Potential Impact 12

11.0 Mitigation 12

12.0 Acknowledgements 12

13.0 Sources Consulted 13

Appendix 1: Colour Plates 15 Appendix 2: Historic Environment Data 20 Appendix 3: Oblique Aerial Photographs Consulted Appendix 4: Vertical Aerial Photographs Consulted Appendix 5: Glossary

Illustrations Fig. 1: Location Map 1:25 000 @ A4 Fig. 2: Location Plan 1:2500 @ A4 Fig. 3: Photo Direction Plan 1:2500 @ A4 Fig. 4: Historic Environment Data Map 1:25 000 @ A3 Fig. 5: 1949 Ordnance Survey 6” @ A4 Fig. 6: 1924 Ordnance Survey 6” @ A4 Fig. 7: 1902 Ordnance Survey 6” @ A4 Fig. 8: 1884 Ordnance Survey 6” @ A4 Fig. 9: Plan of Titheable Lands Stretton 1848

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Fig. 10: Map of Stretton Fig. 11: Map of Stretton Fig.12: Plan of Stretton & Penkridge (copied 1845) Fig.13: Map of Stretton Lordship 1725

Abbreviations AD Anno Domini m Metre AOD Above Ordnance Datum NGR National Grid Reference MAS Midland Archæological Services OS Ordnance Survey c. Circa ha Hectare Km Kilometre HER Historic Environment Record SMR Sites and Monuments Record NPPF National Planning Policy Framework ADBA Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment LR Staffordshire Archives WIL William Salt Library NMP National Mapping Programme IfA Institute for Archaeologists HLC Historic Landscape Character

NOTE

Notwithstanding that Midland Archæological Services (MAS) have taken reasonable care to produce a comprehensive summary of the known and recorded archaeological evidence, no responsibility can be accepted for any omissions of fact or opinion, however caused.

July 2014

Midland Archæological Services retain copyright of this report under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, and have granted a licence to A & S Enterprises and their agents to use and reproduce the material contained within, once settlement of our account has been received.

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SITE

O.S.CopyrightLicence no:

100055557

Fig.1: Site Location Map 1:25000

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This archaeological desk-based assessment (ADBA) considers land, approximately 1ha in extent, located to the immediate north-west of St Mary’s Drive, Stretton, Burton Upon Trent, Staffordshire, DE13 0JJ, NGR: SK 425606 326912.

There are no designated heritage assets (Scheduled Ancient Monuments, Conservation Areas, Registered Parks, Gardens, Registered Battlefields or Listed Structures) designated on the immediate site area.

1.0 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF STUDY

1.1 This Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment has been researched and prepared by Midland Archaeological Services on behalf of A & S Enterprises.

1.2 In accordance with National and Local Authority guidance this assessment comprises an examination of evidence held by the Staffordshire Historic Environment Record, Staffordshire Archive and William Salt Library, considers the results of nearby archaeological investigations, incorporates published and unpublished material and charts historic land-use through a map regression exercise.

1.3 As a result, the assessment enables relevant parties to consider the significance of any designated and undesignated heritage assets within the site, to assess the archaeological potential of the site, and to consider the

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need for design, civil engineering, and/or archaeological solutions to any potential identified.

2.0 OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY

2.1 The purpose of an ADBA is to gather information on a site or area to assess the potential for archaeological features and the presence, significance and quality of known archaeological sites. Available resources that can be utilised include local Historic Environment Records (HER), Local History Centre Archives, Aerial Photographs, Historic Maps, Estate Records and other documents. The production of an ADBA helps prepare an informed strategy for any further work required, which may include monitoring, targeted evaluation, mitigation or a full programme of works.

The Institute for Archaeologists defines the standard of an ADBA as follows:

‘An assessment of the known or potential archaeological resource within a specific area or site on land, inter-tidal or underwater. It consists of a collation of existing written and graphic, photographic and electronic information in order to identify the likely character, extent, quality and worth of the known or potential archaeological resources in a local, regional, national or international context as appropriate’.1

3.0 PLANNING BACKGROUND

3.1 This document is to support a planning application to be submitted to East Staffordshire Borough Council for: residential development for up to 37 dwellings on Land off of St Mary’s Drive, Stretton, Burton Upon Trent, Staffordshire, DE13 0JJ.

4.0 NATIONAL AND LOCAL POLICY GUIDANCE

National Planning Policy Framework

4.1 In March 2012, the government published the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF 2012), providing guidance for planning authorities, property owners, developers and others on the conservation and investigation of heritage assets2.

4.2 NPPF 2012 states: Local authorities should make information about the significance of the historic environment gathered as part of plan making or development management publicly accessible. They should also require developers to record and advance understanding of the significance of any heritage assets to be lost (wholly or in part) in a manner proportionate to their importance and the impact, and to make this evidence (and any archive

1 Institute for Field Archaeologists 2011 2 National Planning Policy Framework 2012

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generated) publicly accessible. However, the ability to record evidence of our past should not be a factor in deciding whether such loss should be permitted. 4.3 Local planning authorities should set out in their Local Plan a positive strategy for the conservation and enjoyment of the historic environment, including heritage assets most at risk through neglect, decay or other threats. In doing so, they should recognise that heritage assets are an irreplaceable resource and conserve them in a manner appropriate to their significance. In developing this strategy, local planning authorities should take into account:

 the desirability of sustaining and enhancing the significance of heritage assets and putting them to viable uses consistent with their conservation;

 the wider social, cultural, economic and environmental benefits that conservation of the historic environment can bring.

 the desirability of new development making a positive contribution to local character and distinctiveness; and

 opportunities to draw on the contribution made by the historic environment to the character of a place.

4.4 When considering the designation of conservation areas, local planning authorities should ensure that an area justifies such status because of its special architectural or historic interest, and that the concept of conservation is not devalued through the designation of areas that lack special interest.

4.5 In determining applications, local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting. The level of detail should be proportionate to the assets’ importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance. As a minimum the relevant historic environment record should have been consulted and the heritage assets assessed using appropriate expertise where necessary. Where a site on which development is proposed includes or has the potential to include heritage assets with archaeological interest, local planning authorities should require developers to submit an appropriate desk-based assessment and, where necessary, a field evaluation.

4.6 Local planning authorities should identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset that may be affected by a proposal (including by development affecting the heritage asset) taking into account of the available evidence and any necessary expertise. They should take this assessment into account when considering the impact of a proposal on a heritage asset, to avoid or minimise conflict between the heritage asset’s conservation and any aspect of the proposal.

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4.7 Where there is evidence of deliberate neglect of or damage to a heritage asset the deteriorated state of the heritage asset should not be taken into account in any decision.

4.8 In determining planning applications, local planning authorities should take into account of:

 the desirability of sustaining and enhancing the significance of heritage assets and putting them to viable uses consistent with their conservation;

 the positive contribution that conservation of heritage assets can make to sustainable communities including their economic vitality; and

 the desirability of new development making a positive contribution to local character and distinctiveness.

4.9 When considering the impact of a proposed development on the significance of a designated heritage asset, great weight should be given to the asset’s conservation. The more important the asset, the greater the weight should be. Significance can be harmed or lost through alteration or destruction of the heritage asset or development within its setting. As heritage assets are irreplaceable, any harm to or loss should require clear and convincing justification. Substantial harm to or loss of a grade II listed building, park or garden should be exceptional. Substantial harm or loss of designated heritage assets of the highest significance, notably scheduled monuments, protected wreck sites, battlefields, grade I and II* registered parks and gardens, and World Heritage Sites, should be wholly exceptional.

4.9.1 Where a proposed development will lead to substantial harm to or total loss of significance of a designated heritage asset, local planning authorities should refuse consent, unless it can be demonstrated that the substantial harm or loss is necessary to achieve substantial public benefits that outweigh that harm or loss, or all of the following apply:

 the nature of the heritage asset prevents all reasonable uses of the site; and

 no viable use of the heritage asset itself can be found in the medium term through appropriate marketing that will enable its conservation; and

 conservation by grant-funding or some form of charitable or public ownership is demonstrably not possible; and

 the harm or loss is outweighed by the benefit of bringing the site back into use.

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4.9.2 Where a development proposal will lead to less than substantial harm to the significance of a designated heritage asset, this harm should be weighed against the public benefits of the proposal, including securing its optimum viable use.

4.9.3 The effect of an application on the significance of a non-designated heritage asset should be taken into account in determining the application. In weighing applications that affect t directly or indirectly non-designated heritage assets, a balanced judgement will be required having regard to the scale of any harm or loss and the significance of the heritage asset.

4.9.4 Local planning authorities should not permit loss of the whole or part of a heritage asset without taking all reasonable steps to ensure the new development will proceed after the loss has occurred.

4.9.5 Local planning authorities should look for opportunities for new development within Conservation Areas and World Heritage Sites and within the setting of heritage assets to enhance or better reveal their significance. Proposals that preserve those elements of the setting that make a positive contribution to or better reveal the significance of the asset should be treated favourably.

4.9.6 Not all elements of a World Heritage Site or Conservation Area will necessarily contribute to its significance. Loss of a building (or other element) which makes a positive contribution to the significance of the Conservation Area or World Heritage Site should be treated either as substantial harm under paragraph 133 or less than substantial harm under paragraph 134, as appropriate, taking into account the relative significance of the element affected and its contribution to the significance of the Conservation Area or World Heritage Site as a whole.

4.9.7 Non-designated heritage assets of archaeological interest that are demonstrably of equivalent significance to scheduled monuments should be considered subject to policies for designated heritage assets.

4.9.8 Local planning authorities should assess whether the benefits of a proposal for enabling development, which would otherwise conflict with planning policies but which would secure the future conservation of a heritage asset, outweigh the disbenefits of departing from those policies.

4.9.9 Local planning authorities should make information about the significance of the historic environment gathered as part of plan making or development management publicly accessible. They should also require developers to record and advance understanding of the significance of any heritage assets to be lost (wholly or in part) in a manner proportionate to their importance and the impact, and to make this evidence (and any archive generated) publicly

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accessible. However, the ability to record evidence of our past should not be a factor in deciding whether such loss should be permitted.

East Staffordshire Historic Environment Character Assessment

Heritage Statements

Where there are either known significant heritage assets or the demonstrable potential for the archaeologically significant remains to be present within a site then a ‘Heritage Statement’ should accompany a planning application. Section 12 para.128 (NPPF) supports this by requiring that a statement of significance (Heritage Statement) be required as part of a planning application to determine the potential impact and any relevant mitigation. This document should be proportionate to the importance of the heritage asset/s and the size of the application. As a minimum the Historic Environment Record (HER) should be consulted; where more significant or complex heritage assets are concerned then the developer may need to prepare a desk-based assessment or possibly undertake archaeological evaluation to inform the LPA and their archaeological advisor. For more advice the applicant should contact the historic environment specialists at Staffordshire County Council .

5.0 GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY

Geography

5.1 Stretton is located 2.7km north-east of Burton Upon Trent and 18.00 km south-west of Derby, in the adminidtrative district of East Staffordshire Borough Council. The village lies beside the River Dove, while the A38 bisects Stretton north-east to south-west with the residential area being located mainly to the north of the A38 (figs. 1, 2).

Geology

5.2 The British Geological Survey shows the site area with a solid geology of Mudstone and superficial deposits of alluvium, river terrace and glacial gravel.3

6.0 SITE SURVEY

Site Visit

6.1 A site visit comprising of a brief walkover and photographic survey was undertaken by James West on the 6th May 2014. At the time of the survey weather conditions were dry and sunny but with some cloud. The site is accessed off of St Mary’s Drive leading from the immediate east and is

3 British Geological Survey 1982

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centred on NGR: SK 425606 326912 forming an rectangular parcel of land approximately 1ha in extent of undulating and overgrown pasture, this slopes from from 53.00m in the east to 54.00m in the west. A small detached bungalow occupies the north-east corner of the site and a collection of delipidated agricultural sheds are distributed throughout the site area. The eastern boundary is of mixed native hedging, beyound which there is a housing development and Dovecliff Cresent, to the north there is more native hedging and open farmland, while the western perimeter consists of post and wire fencing overlooking open farmland, to the south there is more native hedging with several mature trees and further residential development beyound (figs. 1, 2, 3, Appendix 1).

7.0 HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

General

7.1 The village has medieval origins and is first mentioned in the Domesday Survey (DB) of 1086 and known as; Strǣt + tūn, Old English for ‘farmstead or village on a Roman road.4 Its entry in DB states that it had; 8 villagers and 2 smallholders with 5 ploughs.5

What is evident is that the village has expanded greatly from those humble beginings, as testified by the historic mapping studied. Expansion possibly encouraged firstly by the construction of the Trent and Mersey Canal in 1771, (PRN 02212) and secondly by the arrival of the Burton Upon Trent Branch of the North Staffordshire Railway in 1848 (PRN 50846), (fig. 4, Appendix 2).

Stretton and its surrounding environs has a diverse archaeological record, spanning from the Romano-British period through to the post-medieval period, much of which has been recorded over the years by chance discoveries, stray finds, research projects and during or ahead of development or re- development.

Post Medieval

7.2 This period is perhaps mostly dominated by the Trent and Mersey Canal which flows through the south-eastern environs of the village (PRN 02212). Designed and constructed by the engineers James Brindley and Hugh Henshall and completed in 1771. Associated with the canal are numerous monuments which help formed part of the canals infrastructure, including several bridges and an aqueduct (PRN 02923, 02922, 02924).

4 Mills, A. D., 1993 5 Williams, A. and Martin, G. H. (eds.), 1992

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Already mentioned is the Burton Upon Trent Branch of the North Staffordshire Railway, opened in 1848 (PRN 50846) and located to the east of the village, approximately 400m east of the site, the line closed in 1968 and its route here is now occupied by a modern road, Princess Way (figs.1, 4-8, Appendix 2).

Scattered throughout the peripheries of the village are the remains of past agricultural activities, most notably those representing ridge and furrow. Some of these remains are just 300m to the north-west of the site at (PRN 54982, 53979, (figs.1, 4, Appendix 2). The site is also defined in the HLC as:

3.2.8 Piecemeal Enclosure: This type refers solely to those areas which had previously been open arable fields from the medieval period onwards, These are identified through map evidence by the reverse ‘S’, curvilinear and sometimes dog-leg field boundaries; these indicate that the enclosure has followed the earthworks of the former medieval strip fields (or open fields). Piecemeal enclosure is a process which documentary sources suggest had begun in Staffordshire in the early 16th century, with the last fields appearing to have been enclosed during the 18th century. The enclosure was carried out incrementally by means of informal, verbal agreements between farmers who wished to consolidate their holdings (the individual strips spread across the open fields system).6

Other archaeology relating to this period consists on the whole as standing structures, mainly residences or places of worship, although they tend to be located closer to the historic core of the village. Approximately 700m south- west of the site is Bridge Farmhouse (PRN08609, ID:273654), a Grade II Listed early 19th century dwelling, while the Church of St Mary built between 1895-1897 is Grade II* Listed (ID:273655). Closer to the site, 500m to the north is Dove Cliff and its associated grounds (PRN 08610, 40274, ID:273652), a large Grade II Listed house dating to the early 19th century date, while Craythorne Hall (PRN 12672) lies approximately 700m west of the site, (fig.4, , Appendix 2).

Medieval

7.3 The River Dove had until the arrival of the canal been the principal means of powering some industrial processes in the area, most notably, milling in one form or another. Certainly at Clay Mills (PRN 03727) 500m to the north-east of the site there had been a mill since at least the 14th century, finally closing down in 1733 but to re-open in 1755 as an iron works and still in use as a grinding mill during the 1920’s. Thought to be medieval in origin and possibly associated with this mill is a mill race recoded at (PRN 55615) to the south- east (fig.4, Appendix 2).

6 Historic Landscape Character 2008

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Roman

7.4 Almost a kilometre to the south-east of the site is Ryknild Street (PRN 01144) a Roman road and which today forms the route of the A38. Surprisingly very little archaeological features or artefacts of this period have been recorded throughout the study area, that being said, some remains have been recorded. At (PRN 40237) just 200m south-west of the road a linear cropmark has been plotted, possibly associated with the road, while 700m north of this a Roman coin was found by a metal detectorist in 2003 (PRN60861), (fig.4, 5, Appendix 2).

Prehistoric

7.5 Less than 400m south-east of the site at (PRN 01438) evidence revealed by aerial photographic interpretation has revealed rectangular enclosures and ring ditches and had been postulated as a barrow cemetery, although more likely to represent an iron Age/Romano-British settlement and limited excavation in 1961 revealed pits containing Iron Age and Roman pottery. Perhaps related to this, 300m south-west is another site believed to represent a field system (PRN 01437). A further field system is know in the area at (PRN01355) 900m south-west of the site, although its date is uncertain, (fig.4, Appendix 2).

8.0 CARTOGRAPHIC AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE

8.1 A total of nine historic maps showing the site area were consulted for this study (figs. 5-13).

8.2 The earliest map avaliable for this study that covered the area was dated 17257 and shows the site as part of a larger holding. The next map8 is not dated but re-drawn in 1845 from an earlier map, its depiction of fields/boundaries etc being very similar to the previous 18th map and may threrfore also be of a similar date period? On this map the site is also part of a larger plot. The next two maps are also not dated and the site is yet again part of a larger holding, the second map9 baring some similarities to the later Ordnance Survey mapping. A tithe plan is also avaliable for Stretton dated 1848, although dissapointinly the site lies just beyound its coverage. The next series of maps (figs.5-8) are those of the Ordnance Survey which cover the periods 1884, 1902, 1924 and 1949, the site is yet again part of a larger plot and it is not until more recent mapping that the site appears as an individual plot (fig.1).

8.3 A search of aerial photographs held by English Heritage was undertaken of the site area, the results being studied to elucidate any buried archaeological remains not already interpreted via the National Mapping Programme (NMP),

7 Map of Stretton Lordship 1725 8 Plan of Stretton & Penkridge c.1845 9 Fig.10 Map of Stretton

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or recorded within the current HER, no unknown features were visible (Appendix 3, 4).10

9.0 CONCLUSIONS

9.1 This archaeological desk-based assessment considers land, approximately 1ha in extent, located to the immediate north-west of St Mary’s Drive, Stretton, Burton Upon Trent, Staffordshire, DE13 0JJ, NGR: SK 425606 326912.

9.2 In accordance with central government policy set out in NPPF 2012, a desk- based assessment has been undertaken to collect evidence for any archaeological remains on the site and to assess the significance of any assets identified.

9.3 Evidence collated and studied for this desk-based assessment has concluded that the site lies within the perhiphery of the settlement but away from the historic core of the village and also the majority of any known archaeological remains either buried or built. It does however, conclude that the closest recorded archaeology is represented by post-medieval agricultural activity to the north-west (PRN 54982, 53979) and Iron Age/Romano British settlement activity to the east and south-east at (PRN 01438, 01437).

9.4 The above evidence would suggest that the archaeological potential of the site is low-medium. It also suggests that the location of the site being outside of the historic village core could mean that any more recent archaeological activity encountered is likely to represent past farming activities, rather than those related to other aspects of settlement activity.

Due to the paucity of excavated archaeological sites within the immediate development area, or the village, the preservation of any buried archaeological remains is currently an unknown quantity.

10.0 POTENTIAL IMPACT

10.1 The proposed development involves the construction of up to thirty seven dwellings, along with their associated infrastructure, including service trenches and access roads.

10.2 There is a moderate potential for the physical disturbance of any potential sub-surface archaeology throughout the area during construction and removal operations and this is a central consideration of this document.

10 OS/00974/15741/V/793/P/SK 255 268/10/17 June 2000/A/7500/6/Black & White 9x9/NMR

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10.3 The proposed development does not directly affect the setting of any designated heritage assets within the immediate area, the nearest Listed Building is Dove Cliff over 1km north-east of the site.

11.0 MITIGATION

11.1 The evidence discussed above suggests the potential of encountering any buried archaeological remains is sufficiently moderate.

Taking this into account, the size of the development area and the fact when looking at the historical and cartographic evidence showing that it has never been developed does not rule out the possibly of buried archaeological remains being encountered. A programme of field evaluation may be an appropriate measure to inform the need for any future archaeological interventions, although the consideration/implementation of such would be the decision of the local authority archaeological advisor.

12.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Midland Archæological Services would like to thank A & S Enterprises for this commission and also the staff at JVH Town Planning Consultants Ltd for their assistance. Thanks also go to the staff at the Stafford Archives, William Salt Library and Staffordshire Historic Environment Record for their help during research for this study and also James West for researching documents and maps at the above archives and for undertaking the site survey.

13.0 SOURCES CONSULTED

General

Stafford Archive Staffordshire Historic Environment Record The National Monuments Record William Salt library

References

British Geological Survey 1982 Burton Upon Trent: England and Wales, Sheet E140. Bedrock and Superficial Deposits. 1:50,000 Series. Keyworth, Nottingham.

Code of Conduct (Institute of Field Archaeologists, 2008).

Institute for Field Archaeologists 2011 Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

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Langley,D.2011, Historic Character Assessment East Staffordshire. Staffordshire County Council 2013.

Mills, A. D., 1993, English Place-Names. Oxford University Press.

National Planning Policy Framework 2012.

Williams, A. and Martin, G. H. (eds.), 1992, Domesday Book: A Complete Translation. Penguin Books, London.

Cartographic Sources

Ordnance Survey 6” 1884 1st edition, (sheet 41NW). Ordnance Survey 6” 1902 2nd edition, (sheet 41 NW). Ordnance Survey 6” 1924 edition (sheet 41NW). Ordnance Survey 6” 1949 provisional edition, (sheet 41NW).

Aerial Photographic Sources

OS/00974/15741/V/793/P/SK 255 268/10/17 June 2000/A/7500/6/Black & White 9x9/NMR

Internet Sources www.british-history.ac.uk www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk www.english-heritage.org.uk www.genuki.org.uk www.heritagegateway.co.uk

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Appendix 1: Colour Plates

Plate 1: Site access looking north-west from St Mary’s Drive.

Plate 2: looking north-west from site access off of St Mary’s Drive.

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Plate 3: Looking north-west from site access off of St Mary’s Drive.

Plate 4: Looking north from site access off of St Mary’s Drive.

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Plate 5: Looking north towards bungalow from access off of St Mary’s Drive.

Plate 6: Looking north towards northern boundary.

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Plate 7: Looking north-north-west towards corner of site.

Plate 8: Looking west.

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Plate 9: Looking north-west towards north-west boundary.

Plate 10: Looking north-east towards boundary.

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Plate 11: Looking south-west towards boundary.

Plate 12: Looking south.

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Plate 13: Looking south.

Plate 14: Looking south-east towards St Mary’s Drive.

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Plate 15: Looking south-west.

Plate 16: Looking south-east.

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Plate 17: Looking south.

Plate 18: Looking south-west along boundary.

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Plate 19: Looking south-east.

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Appendix 2: Historic Environment Data. PRN Number Site Name Record Type 01144 - MST1142 Ryknild Street Roman Road Monument The projected course of a section of the Ryknild Street Roman road, the course of which is now largely followed by the route of the modern A38. The earthwork remains of the agger survives in places along the route and elsewhere the possible roadside ditches have been identified as cropmarks. Archaeological investigations along the route have also revealed evidence for a possible road surface in places.

Monument Types and Dates ROAD (ROMAN - 43 AD to 409 AD) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

Description and Sources Description Road: Course of Roman Road known as 'Ryknild Street'. Line mostly followed by modern A38 although where the A38 diverts around Burton this is not the case. In Bean's Covert (SK 2294 2184) there is a well preserved agger and near-by at SK 2305 2197 an archaeological watching brief identified a possible road surface of compacted local gravel with a drain either side. <1> <2>

On the other side of Burton at SK 2646 2640 test pitting suggested that the line of the road has been disturbed. <3>

No evidence of the road was identified during ground works (to 0.4m deep) for a new car park running through the Little Aston School, although Roman deposits may survive at a deeper depth. (LH, 04-Sept-2007) <4>

No evidence of the Roman road were identified during an archaeological evaluation on land adjacent to the eastern side of the churchyard of St. Peter's Church, Little Aston in 2008. (HC, 04-Aug-2008) <5> Sources Written: North West Wetlands Survey (Leah, Wells,Stamper, Huckerby & Welch). 1998. The Wetlands of Shropshire and Staffordshire. page 217 Excavation Report: A. E. Jones (Birmingham University Field Archaeology Unit). 1996. Wall, Staffordshire: Excavations by E. Greenfield 1962 and 1964 (Draft). Drawn: Chris Wardle (Staffordshire County Council). 1992. Section across Rykneld (Ryknield) Street at (1) NGR SK 2305 2197. Cartographic: Ordnance Survey. 2003 Onwards. OS Mastermap. (2) Other Report: Oxford Wessex Archaeology. 2003. M6 Toll 2000-2002: Proposals for Archaeological Post- (3) Excavation Analysis and Publication of Results. Watching Brief Report: Erica Macey-Bracken (Birmingham Archaeology). 2005. Little Aston JMI School, (4) Forge Lane, Little Aston, Staffordshire: An Archaeological Watching Brief 2005. Pages 1-3 Evaluation Report: Richard Cherrington (Benchmark Archaeology). 2008. St. Peter's Church, Roman (5) Road, Little Aston, Sutton Coldfield, West Midlands: A Programme of Archaeological Evaluation June 2008. Page 1

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 1795 1285 (18241m by 28682m) SK11SE Dispersed Administrative Areas Alrewas and Fradley, Lichfield District Parish Barton under Needwood, East Staffordshire Borough Parish Dunstall, East Staffordshire Borough Parish Horninglow and Eton, East Staffordshire Borough Parish Lichfield, Lichfield District Parish Shenstone, Lichfield District Parish Shobnall, East Staffordshire Borough Parish

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PRN Number 01144 - MST1142 Site Name Ryknild Street Roman Road

Parish Streethay, Lichfield District Parish Wall, Lichfield District Parish Wychnor, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations Conservation Area - 142 Burton upon Trent - Station Street and Active DST5724 Borough Road Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 01144 Active Former Primary Record Number - 05156 / MST4700 Revoked Former Primary Record Number - 05155 / MST4699 Revoked Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments 56921 Possible Roadside Ditch, North of Bean's Geographical Covert, Branston 56931 Roman Road Agger, Bean's Covert, Branston Geographical 56932 Roman Road Agger and Ditch, South of Geographical Bean's Covert, Branston

Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities EST784 An archaeological assessment of Fradley Park, Staffordshire (Event - Interpretation) EST776 An archaeological assessment of land at Willowbrook Farm. (Event - Intervention) EST777 An archaeological evaluation at Willowbrook farm. (Event - Intervention) EST2238 An archaeological excavtion on Rykneld (Ryknield) Street, north of Beans Covert, Branston. (Event - Intervention) EST1020 An archaeological assessment at Foston, Hatton, Hilton and Rolleston, Staffordshire and Derbyshire. (Event - Interpretation) EST1085 An archaeological evaluation at Clay Mills, Stretton, Staffordshire. (Event - Intervention) EST724 Barton-under-Needwood, SK2018, Staffordshire. Aerial Photographic Assessment: Archaeology. (Event - Interpretation) EST725 An aerial photographic assessment of Fatholme Farm. (Event - Interpretation) EST802 An archaeological desk-based assessment of land at Fatholme, Staffordshire. (Event - Interpretation) EST801 An archaeological excavation at Fatholme, Barton-under-Needwood. (Event - Intervention) EST1185 An assessment of the program of archaeological work carried out on the M6 Toll Road. (Event - Intervention) EST803 Archaeological trial trenching at Barton Business Park, Barton-under-Needwood. (Event - Intervention) EST1755 Little Aston JMI School, Forge Lane, Little Aston: Archaeological Watching Brief (Event - Intervention. Ref: 1273) EST1820 An archaeological evaluation at St. Peter's Church, Little Aston, June 2008. (Event - Intervention) Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

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PRN Number Site Name Record Type 01355 - MST1347 Cropmark Features, North of Bitham Lane, Stretton Monument Cropmarks including linear features identified on aerial photography in the area to the north of Bitham Lane.

Monument Types and Dates LINEAR FEATURE (Unknown date) Evidence CROPMARK

Description and Sources Description Cropmarks including linear features, identified on aerial photography to the north of Bitham Lane. <1> <2> <3> (1)Sources Index: Trent Valley Archaeological Research Committee. 1960s-1970s. Trent Valley Archaeological (2) Research Committee Card Index. 0489 Aerial Photograph: National Monument Record. 1970s-1980s. National Monument Record Aerial (3) Photograph Collection. SK2426:3 (J. Pickering, 30-July-1971) Drawn: Trent Valley Archaeological Research Committee (?). Unknown. 1:10 000 Overlays. SK 22 NW

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2476 2647 (221m by 197m) SK22NW Dispersed ParishAdministrative Areas Stretton, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Active Primary Record Number - 01355 Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments - None Recorded

Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

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PRN Number Site Name Record Type 01437 - MST1429 Cropmark Features, South of Church Road, Stretton Monument A series of irregular enclosures, possible ring ditches and linear features (possibly the remains of a former field system) identified on aerial photography in the area to the south of Church Road. The features may be related to the Iron Age settlement identified immediately to the north-east (see PRN 01438).

Monument Types and Dates LINEAR FEATURE (Unknown date) Evidence CROPMARK RING DITCH (Late Neolithic to Late Bronze Age - 3000 BC? to 701 BC?) Evidence CROPMARK ENCLOSURE (Early Bronze Age to ROMAN - 2350 BC? to 409 AD?) Evidence CROPMARK

Description and Sources Description Irregular enclosures and linear features possibly representing a field system. Also ring ditches. <1> <2> <3> <4> Sources (1) Index: Trent Valley Archaeological Research Committee. 1960s-1970s. Trent Valley Archaeological Research Committee Card Index. 0206 (2) Aerial Photograph: National Monument Record. 1970s-1980s. National Monument Record Aerial Photograph Collection. SK2526:1 (July 1962) by J. Pickering (3) Aerial Photograph: J. Pickering (National Monuments Record). 1970s-1990s. Oblique Aerial Photograph Collection (J. Pickering). SK2526/2 (4) Drawn: Trent Valley Archaeological Research Committee (?). Unknown. 1:10 000 Overlays. SK 22 NE

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2577 2660 (337m by 355m) SK22NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Stretton, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 01437 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments - None Recorded

Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

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PRN Number Site Name Record Type 01438 - MST1430 Iron Age Settlement, Clay Mills, Stretton Monument The site of a possible Iron Age settlement once visible as cropmarks and the subject of at least one excavation, which found two pits. One pit contained Iron Age pottery and the other Roman pottery. The area is now built over and the site is believed to have been destroyed. Further cropmarks immediately to the south-west (PRN 01437) may be related to the settlement.

Monument Types and Dates SETTLEMENT (Late Bronze Age to ROMAN - 1000 BC to 409 AD) Evidence CROPMARK Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE PIT (IRON AGE - 800 BC to 42 AD) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT ROUND HOUSE (DOMESTIC)? (IRON AGE - 800 BC to 42 AD) Evidence CROPMARK PIT (ROMAN - 43 AD to 409 AD) Evidence SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT

Description and Sources Description Group of ring ditches, over 12 circles, also rectangular enclosures and linear features. Possible barrow cemetery, more likely an Iron Age/Romano British settlement which is occupied through into the Roman period. At least three ditches have entrances. Also on excavation in 1961, two pits were located, one containing Iron Age pot, and one containing Romano- British pot. <1> <2> <3> <4> <5>

A site consisting of apparently pennanular ditches and a number of linear features was shown by aerial photography. The major part of the site had already been destroyed by road works. Two large pits containing datable material were found, one with early Iron Age pottery, the other with Roman pottery of 2nd to 3rd century date. (DAT, 01/02/2012) <1>

Listed by Challis and Harding as two large pits, one containing a hearth and sherds under 'Undecorated Pottery of Middle La Tene type'. (DAT, 01/02/2012) <2>

Visible as cropmarks on aerial photography. <3> <4> <5> <6>

The site where not overlain by the Burton by-pass has been recently developed with housing. (DAT, 01/02/2012) <7> Sources (1) Index: Ordnance Survey. See cards. Ordnance Survey Card Index. SK 22 NE - 5 ('Archaeological Excavations 1969 (No. 46) by H. Wheeler (DoE)) (2) Index: Ordnance Survey. See cards. Ordnance Survey Card Index. SK 22 NE - 5 (BAR 20 pt 2 'Later Prehistory from Trent to Tyne' A. Challis & D. Harding, 1975, p39) (3) Aerial Photograph: J. K. St. Joseph. 1960s Onward. Aerial Photographs (J.K. St Joseph). AFY 26-27 (4) Aerial Photograph: National Monument Record. 1970s-1980s. National Monument Record Aerial Photograph Collection. SK2626:1-3 (J. Pickering - July 1962) (5) Aerial Photograph: J. Pickering (National Monuments Record). 1970s-1990s. Oblique Aerial Photograph Collection (J. Pickering). 69:25,26 (6) Drawn: Trent Valley Archaeological Research Committee (?). Unknown. 1:10 000 Overlays. SK 22 NE (7) Index: Ordnance Survey. See cards. Ordnance Survey Card Index. SK 22 NE - 5 (OS field inspector notes 17/01/1975)

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2597 2673 (525m by 496m) SK22NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Stretton, East Staffordshire Borough

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PRN Number Site Name Record Type 02212 - MST2203 Trent and Mersey Canal Monument The course of the Trent and Mersey Canal, constructed by engineers James Brindley and Hugh Henshall. The canal opened in November 1771.

Monument Types and Dates Active CANAL (Built, (between) Georgian - 1766 AD to 1771 AD) Active Evidence COURSE OF Evidence EXTANT STRUCTURE

Description and Sources Description Canal: Trent and Mersey Canal authorised in 1766. Engineers James Brindley and Hugh Henshall. Opened November 1771. <1>

A large set of Ordnance Survey maps at a scale of 1:2500 show the extent of the Conservation Area which covers the whole of the route of the Trent and Mersey Canal through Staffordshire. See also the Conservation Area Booklet. (SB, 25-Feb- 2004) <2>

A canal spur was identified running south-west to north-east, parallel to the old salt works buildings at Weston during an archaeological evaluation in 2007. No terminus for the canal spur was identified within the area covered by the excavation. (HC, 28/07/2008) <3> Sources (1) Designation Record: Staffordshire County Council. 1988. (083) Trent and Mersey Canal Conservation Area. (2) Designation Record: Staffordshire County Council. Unknown. (083) Trent and Mersey Canal Conservation Area - Index Maps. Transferred to Stafford Record Office (3) Evaluation Report: Richard Lee (Oxford Archaeology North). 2007. Saltworks Lane Weston, Staffordshire: Archaeological Evaluation. Page 18 (4) Aerial Photograph: English Heritage (National Monuments Record). c.2000. English Heritage - National Monuments Record Air Photos Library. SJ 9033/ 10-12 (NMR-AP Accession Number: 17498 Frame Numrs 41-43 (17-Jul-2000)

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 0766 2648 (38484m by 26497m) SK02NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Alrewas and Fradley, Lichfield District Parish Armitage with Handsacre, Lichfield District Parish Barton under Needwood, East Staffordshire Borough Parish Branston, East Staffordshire Borough Parish Brereton and Ravenhill, Cannock Chase District Parish Burton, East Staffordshire Borough Parish Colwich, Stafford Borough Parish Dunstall, East Staffordshire Borough Parish Horninglow and Eton, East Staffordshire Borough Parish Kidsgrove, Newcastle Borough Parish Kings Bromley, Lichfield District Parish Salt and Enson, Stafford Borough Parish Sandon and Burston, Stafford Borough Parish Shobnall, East Staffordshire Borough Parish Stone Rural, Stafford Borough

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Parish Stone, Stafford Borough Parish Stowe, Stafford Borough Parish Stretton, East Staffordshire Borough Parish Tatenhill, East Staffordshire Borough Parish Weston, Stafford Borough Parish Wychnor, East Staffordshire Borough Unitary Authority Stoke on Trent

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations Conservation Area - 007 Great Haywood and Shugborough Active DST5687 Conservation Area - 083 Trent and Mersey Canal Active DST5720 Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 02212 Active Public Access Active Former Primary Record Number - 05233 / MST4767 Revoked Former Primary Record Number - 05234 / MST4768 Revoked Former Primary Record Number - 05232 / MST4766 Revoked Former Primary Record Number - 05231 / MST4765 Revoked Former Primary Record Number - 05230 / MST4764 Revoked Former Primary Record Number - 05229 / MST4763 Revoked Former Primary Record Number - 05228 / MST4762 Revoked Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments 00164 Great Haywood Canal Bridge (Number 109), Geographical Haywood Junction, Colwich 02213 Burton Branch of the Trent and Mersey Canal Geographical / Bond End Canal 02836 Old Road Bridge, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical Barlaston 02837 Canal Bridge, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical Barlaston 02838 Meaford Farm Bridge, Trent and Mersey Geographical Canal, Barlaston 02839 Turnover Bridge / Malkins Bridge (Bridge Geographical Number 100), Trent and Mersey Canal, Stone 02840 Siddall's Bridge, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical Stone 02841 Top Lock Bridge, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical Meaford, Stone 02842 Canal Lock, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical Meaford, Stone 02843 Turnover Bridge, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical Meaford 02844 Canal Bridge, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical Stonefield, Stone 02846 W orkhouse Bridge (Number 94), Trent and Geographical Mersey Canal 02849 Andre Mills Bridge (Number 92),Trent and Geographical Mersey Canal, Stone 02850 Brassworks Bridge, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical

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Little Stoke 02851 Aston Bridge, Trent and Mersey Canal, Aston- Geographical by-Stone 02852 Aston Lock, Trent and Mersey Canal, Aston- Geographical by-Stone 02853 Carr House Bridge, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical Aston-by-Stone 02854 Iron Bridge, Trent and Mersey Canal, Burston Geographical 02855 Long Meadow Bridge, Trent and Mersey Geographical Canal, Burston 02864 Ingestre Bridge Geographical 02870 Pasturefields Bridge, Stowe by Chorley Geographical 02872 Middle Bridge, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical Shugborough 02873 W harf Bridge, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical Colwich 02875 Iron Bridge, Shugborough Park Geographical 02877 Colwich Lock and Bridge, Colwich Geographical 02879 Taft Bridge, Trent and Mersey Canal, Colwich Geographical 02880 W harf Cottage, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical Colwich 02881 Accommodation Bridge, Trent and Mersey Geographical Canal, Colwich 02882 Canal Aqueduct, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical Colton 02885 Mossley Bridge, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical Brereton and Ravenhill 02889 Canal Bridge, Armitage Geographical 02890 Canal Bridge, Armitage Geographical 02891 Canal Bridge Number 56, Trent and Mersey Geographical Canal 02894 Canal Bridge Number 53 and W oodend Lock, Geographical Trent and Mersey Canal 02898 Possible Lock Keeper's Cottage, Trent and Geographical Mersey Canal, East of Fradley Junction, Fradley 02900 Common Lock, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical North of Fradley 02901 Navigation Inn, Alrewas Geographical 02902 Bagnall Lock, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical Alrewas 02903 Kent's Bridge, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical Alrewas 02904 Gallow's Bridge, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical Alrewas 02906 Cow Bridge, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical W ychnor 02907 Bridge 43, Canal Junction and Lock, Trent and Geographical Mersey Canal, W ychnor 02908 Canal Arm and Basin, Trent and Mersey Geographical Canal, W ychnor 02910 Catholme Bridge, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical Barton under Needwood 02911 Mill Bridge / Bridge 39, Trent and Mersey Geographical Canal, Barton under Needwood 02916 Branston Bridge, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical

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Branston 02917 Branston Lock, Trent and Mersey Canal Geographical 02918 Canal Basin, Trent and Mersey Canal / Bond Geographical End Canal, Shobnall 02919 Dallow Lock and Bridge, Trent and Mersey Geographical Canal, Outwoods 02920 Horninglow Basin and Canal Bridge, Trent and Geographical Mersey Canal 02921 Canal Bridge, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical Stretton 02922 Canal Bridge, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical Stretton 02923 Canal Bridge, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical Stretton 02924 Canal Aqueduct, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical Stretton 03246 Canal Tunnel, Trent and Mersey Canal Geographical 12770 The Boatyard Docks Geographical 13033 Milepost, Trent and Mersey Canal, Great Geographical Haywood 07798 Canal Milepost, Top Lock Bridge, Trent and Geographical Mersey Canal, Meaford 13090 Milepost, Trent and Mersey Canal, Stretton Geographical 13125 Bridge 42, Trent and Mersey Canal, W ychnor Geographical 12473 Bridge Number 50 and Keeper's Lock, Fradley Geographical Junction 13916 Limekiln Lock, Trent and Mersey Canal, Stone Geographical 13921 Yard Lock, Trent and Mersey Canal Geographical 14180 Milepost, Trent and Mersey Canal, Barton Geographical under Needwood 14187 Milepost, Trent and Mersey Canal, W ychnor Geographical 14194 Canal Milepost, Trent and Mersey Canal Geographical 14217 Bridge Number 64, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical Brereton 53478 Canal W orker's Cottage, Colwich Geographical 55931 Milepost, Trent and Mersey Canal, Barlaston Geographical 55932 Canal Milepost, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical Colwich 55933 Canal Milepost, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical Colwich 55934 Finger Post, Staffordshire and W orcestershire Geographical Canal, Colwich 55935 Canal Milepost, Trent and Mersey Canal, Salt Geographical and Enson 55936 Canal Milepost, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical W eston 55937 Canal Milepost, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical W eston 56112 Sluice And Spillway, Trent and Mersey Canal, Geographical Shugborough Park 02897 Fradley Junction, Trent and Mersey Canal / All Groups Coventry Canal, Fradley

Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities

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EST1099 An archaeological desk-based assessment of Stone Town Centre, Staffordshire. (Event - Interpretation) EST1020 An archaeological assessment at Foston, Hatton, Hilton and Rolleston, Staffordshire and Derbyshire. (Event - Interpretation) EST794 An archaeological evaluation at Barton Turn Marina. (Event - Intervention) EST825 An archaeological evaluation at the Parkway Spine Road, Burton on Trent (Event - Intervention) EST821 An archaeological desk-based assessment of land at Shobnall, Burton on Trent. (Event - Interpretation) EST810 Fieldwalking for the surface collection of finds at Shobnall, Burton onTrent, Staffordshire (Event - Survey) EST671 An archaeological desk-based assessment of land adjacent to 'The Beech', Stretton, Staffordshire (Event - Interpretation) EST708 An archaeological watching brief at Lea Hall Colliery Employment Park, Rugeley, Staffordshire (Event - Intervention) Associated Individuals/Organisations Brindley, James - Unassigned Engineer (Historic)

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PRN Number Site Name Record Type 02572 - MST2562 Stretton / Stratone (Settlement) Place A settlement recorded as having eight villagers, two smallholders and five ploughs in the Domesday Book of 1068.

Monument Types and Dates SETTLEMENT (SAXON - 410 AD to 1065 AD) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

Description and Sources Description SETTLEMENT: 8 VILLAGERS AND 2 SMALLHOLDERS WITH 5 PLOUGHS IN 1086. <1> Sources (1) Published Book: William I - Translated Alison Hawkins & Alex Rumble. 1086/1976. Domesday Book 24: Staffordshire (Phillimore Translation). 4:4

Location National Grid Reference SK 252 263 (point) SK22NE Point Administrative Areas Parish Stretton, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 02572 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments - None Recorded

Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

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Site Name Record Type

PRN Number 02922 - MST2909 Canal Bridge, Trent and Mersey Canal, Stretton Monument An bridge carrying a road over the Trent and Mersey Canal at Stretton. (1) Monument Types and Dates CANAL BRIDGE ((Circa) Georgian - 1771 AD?) Evidence EXTANT STRUCTURE

Description and Sources Description ParishCanal Bridge: A bridge spanning the Trent and Mersey Canal. <1> Sources Cartographic: Ordnance Survey. Pre 1972. Ordnance Survey 1:10560 National Grid Series.

Active Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2595 2604 (16m by 12m) SK22NE Dispersed Active Administrative Areas Stretton, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring 02212 Trent and Mersey Canal Associated Legal Designations

Conservation Area - 083 Trent and Mersey Canal DST5720

Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 02922 Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments Geographical

Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

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PRN Number Site Name Record Type 02923 - MST2910 Canal Bridge, Trent and Mersey Canal, Stretton Monument An bridge carrying a road over the Trent and Mersey Canal at Stretton.

Monument Types and Dates CANAL BRIDGE ((Circa) Georgian - 1771 AD?) Evidence EXTANT STRUCTURE

Description and Sources Description Canal Bridge: A canal bridge spanning the Trent and Mersey Canal at Stretton. <1>

(1)Sources Cartographic: Ordnance Survey. Pre 1972. Ordnance Survey 1:10560 National Grid Series.

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2618 2659 (32m by 51m) SK22NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Stretton, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Active Primary Record Number - 02923 Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

02212Related MonumentsTrent and Mersey Canal Geographical

Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

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PRN Number MST2911 Site Name Aqueduct, Trent and Stretton

PRN Number Site Name Record Type 02924 - MST2911 Canal Aqueduct, Trent and Mersey Canal, Stretton Monument Part of the canal aqueduct that carries the Trent and Mersey canal across the mill stream to the south of the River Dove.

Monument Types and Dates AQUEDUCT ((Circa) Georgian - 1771 AD?) Evidence STRUCTURE

Description and Sources Description Canal Aqueduct: An aqueduct carrying the Trent and Mersey Canal across a mill stream to the south of the River Dove. The aqueduct used to span the Staffordshire / Derbyshire county boundary. <1>

(1)Sources (2) Cartographic: Ordnance Survey. Pre 1972. Ordnance Survey 1:10560 National Grid Series. Cartographic: Ordnance Survey. 1875 - 1890. Ordnance Survey 1st Edition 6" maps.

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2629 2670 (32m by 32m) SK22NE Dispersed ParishAdministrative Areas Stretton, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Active Primary Record Number - 02924 Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

02212Related MonumentsTrent and Mersey Canal Geographical

Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities EST1020 An archaeological assessment at Foston, Hatton, Hilton and Rolleston, Staffordshire and Derbyshire. (Event - Interpretation) Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

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PRN Number Site Name Record Type 03620 - MST3394 Ridge and Furrow, Stretton Monument The earthwork remains of medieval ridge and furrow identified on aerial photography from 1963. A dry pond and hollow ways were also said to have been observed in this area in 1958. The area has since been developed for housing.

Monument Types and Dates HOLLOW WAY (MEDIEVAL - 1066 AD? to 1485 AD?) Evidence DESTROYED MONUMENT POND (MEDIEVAL - 1066 AD? to 1485 AD?) Evidence DESTROYED MONUMENT RIDGE AND FURROW (MEDIEVAL - 1066 AD to 1485 AD) Evidence DESTROYED MONUMENT

Description and Sources Description Earthwork plotted by C. Lynam in 1907 (noted on sketch as destroyed by Alan Taylor). <1>

Now built over. <2>

Ridge and furrow earthworks are visible on the 1963 aerial photography. (DAT, 12/01/2012) <3>

Identified as a miscellaneous earthwork adjoining the Vicarage at Stretton. Described as irregular (330ft x 130ft and varying) with right angled corners. (DAT, 12/01/2012) <4>

No evidence of this earthwork was seen in 1958/9. North east and east of Stretton Vicarage is an area of rig-and-furrow (sic) plough-lands, with sunken access roads and an old dry pond. This complex is probably responsible for the mis-identification by source <4>. (DAT, 12/01/2012) <5> Sources (1) Drawn: Unknown (William Salt Library Collection). Unknown. Copies of Sketch Plans of various moated sites and other earthworks in Staffordshire.. William Salt Library 52/8/65 by C. Lynam, 1907 (See Stretton (East Staffs) Parish Folder) (2) Cartographic: Ordnance Survey. 2003 Onwards. OS Mastermap. (3) Aerial Photograph: Hunting Surveys Ltd. 1963. 1963 Aerial Photography. Run 26 - 6911 (4) Index: Ordnance Survey. See cards. Ordnance Survey Card Index. SK 22 NE - 2 (Victoria County History Volume 1, 1908, Page 372, by C. Lynam) (5) Index: Ordnance Survey. See cards. Ordnance Survey Card Index. SK22NE 2 - (W. Woodhouse, OS Investigator 05/05/1958)

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2555 2639 (365m by 332m) SK22NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Stretton, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 03620 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments - None Recorded

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PRN Number MST3394 Site Name Stretton

Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

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PRN Number Site Name Record Type 03727 - MST3499 Clay Mills, Burton on Trent, Stretton Monument A corn mill is recorded on this site from at least the early 14th century until it was abandoned in 1733. In 1755 it was converted to a forge and ironworks, with slitting mills being recorded in 1807. It continued in use as an ironworks until the 1920s, when it was then converted to a grinding mill. It has since been demolished.

Monument Types and Dates CORN MILL ((between) MEDIEVAL to Georgian - 1301 AD? to 1733 AD) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE WATERMILL ((between) MEDIEVAL to Georgian - 1301 AD? to 1733 AD) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE FORGE (Converted, Georgian - 1755 AD) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE IRON WORKS (Georgian to Post-1914 - 1755 AD to 1925 AD) Evidence DEMOLISHED BUILDING Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE SLITTING MILL (First mentioned, INDUSTRIAL - 1807 AD) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE GRINDING HOUSE (Converted, Post-1914 - 1928 AD) Evidence DEMOLISHED BUILDING Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

Description and Sources Description A watermill is shown on Yates map of 1775 <1>

The site of Clay or Cliff Mills, which were sited on a Mill Race leading from above the weir on the River Dove at SK 2587 2751 and flowing back into the Dove at SK 2735 2652. The site is now occupied by Forge Poultry Farm. <2>

Recorded as Clay Mills on the first edition 6" OS map <3>

A weir on the River Dove recorded in 1301 fed a watermill in the area of Dove Cliffe which was known as Cliff Mill in 1342 and Clay Mill in 1395. The mill was closed in 1733 and the buildings allowed to deteriorate as the corn mills at Winshill were deemed sufficient to supply the manor. In 1755 the corn mill was let to Thomas Thornewill partly as a blade mill, but also for conversion to a forge for hammering and plating iron. By 1807 it was called Clay Mill forge and comprised iron works and slitting mills. In 1881 it was sold to the Smith family who operated it as the Clay Mills Ironworks Co. until 1920; operations ceased in 1925. By 1928 the works was used for grinding material for the pottery industry by W. Podmore & Sons, who were still there in 1940. (DAT, 11/01/2012) <4> Sources (1) Cartographic: William Yates (The Staffordshire Record Society). 1775/1984. A Map of the County of Stafford - by William Yates. (2) Other Report: Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England (David Macloed). 1995. The National Forest Mapping Project: A Report for the National Mapping Programme, March 1995. (see also NFMP Maps). SK 22 NE 42 (3) Cartographic: Landmark. Circa 1880's. Landmark Mapping - Derbyshire 1st Edition Ordnance Survey. (4) Published Book: The Victoria History of the Counties of England (Edited by N. J. Tringham). 2003. (VCH Volume 9) A History of the County of Stafford, Volume IX - Burton-upon-Trent. Page 193

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2605 2713 (143m by 80m) SK22NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Stretton, East Staffordshire Borough

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Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References National Monuments Record - SK 22 NE - 42 Active Primary Record Number - 03727 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments 50776 W eir, Dovecliff Geographical 55615 Mill Race, Clay Mills, Stretton Geographical

Finds - None recorded

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PRN Number Site Name Record Type 05245 - MST4779 Field System, North of Craythorne, olleston Monument The remains of a former field system of probable post-medieval date identified as a series linear features (field boundaries) on aerial photography in the area north of Craythorne. Medieval ridge and furrow earthworks have also been identified in this area.

Monument Types and Dates RIDGE AND FURROW (MEDIEVAL - 1066 AD to 1485 AD) Evidence EARTHWORK FIELD BOUNDARY (POST MEDIEVAL - 1486 AD to 1799 AD) Evidence EARTHWORK FIELD SYSTEM (POST MEDIEVAL - 1486 AD to 1799 AD) Evidence EARTHWORK

Description and Sources Description Field System: The remains of a former field system identified as earthworks on aerial photography. <1>

Probable earthwork field boundaries of post-medieval date seen as interrupted perpendicular linear features each defined by a single ditch, with a maximum length of 200 metres. (SB, 19-Nov-2012) <2>

Also probable ridge and furrow earthworks of medieval date seen as fragmentary random 'blocks' of earthworks measuring up 250 metres by 100 metres. (SB, 19-Nov-2012) <3> Sources (1) Other Report: Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England (David Macloed). 1995. The National Forest Mapping Project: A Report for the National Mapping Programme, March 1995. (see also NFMP Maps). SK 22 NW 54 (2) Map: National Monument Record. 1993. National Forest Project Maps / Pastscape Records. SK 22 NW 54 (3) Map: National Monument Record. 1993. National Forest Project Maps / Pastscape Records. SK 22 NW 56

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2478 2705 (621m by 568m) SK22NW Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Rolleston on Dove, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References National Monuments Record - SK 22 NW - 54 Active Primary Record Number - 05245 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments - None Recorded

Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

47 ©Midland Archæological Services St Mary’s Drive Stretton 2014

PRN Number Site Name Record Type 05282 - MST4816 Osier Bed, Stretton Monument The site of an osier bed, probably since at least the late 19th century. The area is now partially built over, with some of the original field boundaries now gone.

Monument Types and Dates OSIER BED (POST MEDIEVAL to Victorian - 1700 AD? to 1899 AD?) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

Description and Sources Description Agricultural Site: The site of a post-medieval osier bed identified from Ordnance Survey mapping, which depicts Osiers/Reeds and rough pasture. <1>

The extent of the osier bed is apparent on the 1st Edition 6 inch Ordnance Survey map of 1884. (SB, 12-Aug-2004) <2>

An archaeological evaluation took place on land adjacent to this site and identified no features of archaeological significance. (LH, 31-Jul-2007) <3> Sources (1) Other Report: Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England (David Macloed). 1995. The National Forest Mapping Project: A Report for the National Mapping Programme, March 1995. (see also NFMP Maps). SK 22 NE 47 (2) Cartographic: Ordnance Survey. 1875 - 1890. Ordnance Survey 1st Edition 6" maps. Staffordshire Sheet XLI. N.W. (1884) (3) Evaluation Report: Andy Lane (Oxford Archaeology North). 2006. Burton Upon Trent Flood Alleviation Scheme, Staffordshire: Archaeological Evaluation. Pages 3 and 21-22

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2626 2606 (121m by 188m) SK22NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Stretton, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References National Monuments Record - SK 22 NE - 47 Active Primary Record Number - 05282 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments - None Recorded

Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities EST1020 An archaeological assessment at Foston, Hatton, Hilton and Rolleston, Staffordshire and Derbyshire. (Event - Interpretation) EST1695 An archaeological evaluation at Derby Road and Meadow Lane, Burton-upon-Trent. (Event - Intervention. Ref: L9639) Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

48 ©Midland Archæological Services St Mary’s Drive Stretton 2014

PRN Number MST4816 Site Name Bed, Stretton

49 ©Midland Archæological Services St Mary’s Drive Stretton 2014

50 ©Midland Archæological Services St Mary’s Drive Stretton 2014

PRN Number Site Name Record Type 20286 - MST5556 Ridge and Furrow, Rolleston Monument The earthwork remains of medieval or later ridge and furrow, identified on aerial photography from 1963.

Monument Types and Dates RIDGE AND FURROW (MEDIEVAL - 1066 AD to 1485 AD) Evidence EARTHWORK

Description and Sources Description Ridge and Furrow: Ridge and furrow identified on aerial photography. <1> <2>

Probable earthwork ridge and furrow of medieval date seen as fragmentary, random rectilinear ridge and furrow systems with 'blocks' on average 250 metres by 100 metres and 'blocks' on average 170 metres by 90 metres. (SB, 16-Feb-2014) <3> Sources (1) Aerial Photograph: Hunting Surveys Ltd. 1963. 1963 Aerial Photography. Run 26 - 6910 (2) Drawn: Trent Valley Archaeological Research Committee (?). Unknown. 1:10 000 Overlays. SK 22 NW (Ridge and Furrow) (3) Map: National Monument Record. 1993. National Forest Project Maps / Pastscape Records. SK 22 NW 56 (Morph No. FR.93.3.1 and FR.93.3.2)

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2437 2724 (979m by 746m) SK22NW Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Rolleston on Dove, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 20286 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments - None Recorded

Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

51 ©Midland Archæological Services St Mary’s Drive Stretton 2014

PRN Number Site Name Record Type 20298 - MST5568 Ridge and Furrow, Rolleston Monument The earthwork remains of medieval or later ridge and furrow.

Monument Types and Dates RIDGE AND FURROW (MEDIEVAL - 1066 AD to 1485 AD) Evidence EARTHWORK

Description and Sources Description A small area of ridge and furrow earthworks are visible on the Lidar data (DAT 13/09/2012) <1> Sources (1) Digital Archive: Wyatt, W. c.1757-1760. A map of Winshill; Paget estates (Burton upon Trent). SJ2427 (D0040729.jpg)

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2506 2762 (66m by 97m) SK22NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Rolleston on Dove, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 20298 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments - None Recorded

Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

52 ©Midland Archæological Services St Mary’s Drive Stretton 2014

PRN Number Site Name Record Type 20299 - MST5569 Ridge and Furrow, Stretton Monument The earthwork remains of medieval ridge and furrow, identified on aerial photography from 1963.

Monument Types and Dates RIDGE AND FURROW (MEDIEVAL - 1066 AD to 1485 AD) Evidence EARTHWORK

Description and Sources Description Ridge and furrow identified on aerial photography. <1> <2> Sources (1) Aerial Photograph: Hunting Surveys Ltd. 1963. 1963 Aerial Photography. Run 26 - 6912 (2) Drawn: Trent Valley Archaeological Research Committee (?). Unknown. 1:10 000 Overlays. SK22NE

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2643 2704 (617m by 400m) SK22NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Stretton, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 20299 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments - None Recorded

Finds - None recorded

53 ©Midland Archæological Services St Mary’s Drive Stretton 2014

PRN Number Site Name Record Type 20300 - MST5570 Ridge and Furrow, Stretton Monument The earthwork remains of medieval agricultural activity, identified from aerial photography.

Monument Types and Dates RIDGE AND FURROW (MEDIEVAL - 1066 AD to 1485 AD) Evidence EARTHWORK

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2626 2634 (100m by 99m) SK22NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Stretton, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 20300 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments - None Recorded

Finds - None recorded

54 ©Midland Archæological Services St Mary’s Drive Stretton 2014

PRN Number Site Name Record Type 20301 - MST5571 Ridge and Furrow, Stretton Monument The earthwork remains of medieval agricultural activity, identified from aerial photography. Housing was constructed across this area in the late 20th century.

Monument Types and Dates RIDGE AND FURROW (MEDIEVAL - 1066 AD to 1485 AD) Evidence DESTROYED MONUMENT

Description and Sources Description Ridge and furrow identified on aerial photography. <1> <2>

Housing had been developed across this area by the time of the circa 2000 aerial photography (DAT 26/04/2013) <3>. Sources (1) Aerial Photograph: Hunting Surveys Ltd. 1963. 1963 Aerial Photography. 26 - 6910 (2) Drawn: Trent Valley Archaeological Research Committee (?). Unknown. 1:10 000 Overlays. SK22NE (3) Aerial Photograph: 2000. Aerial photosurvey of Staffordshire - 1999 - 2001.

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2527 2659 (264m by 259m) SK22NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Stretton, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 20301 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments - None Recorded

Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

55 ©Midland Archæological Services St Mary’s Drive Stretton 2014

PRN Number Site Name Record Type 40237 - MST6342 Linear Cropmark, Burton on Trent Monument A linear cropmark identified by an archaeological assessment. The cropmark probably relates to Ryknild Street Roman road (Primary Record Number 05156). It is unclear from the source where the pit alignment was identified.

Monument Types and Dates PIT ALIGNMENT (Late Bronze Age to ROMAN - 1000 BC? to 409 AD?) Evidence CROPMARK

Description and Sources Description PIT ALIGNMENT. PIT ALIGNMENTS AND LINEAR CROPMARKS <1> Sources (1) Desk Based Assessment Report: G. Woodhouse and G. Guilbert (Trent and Peak Archaeological Trust). 1993. An Archaeological Assessment of Severn Trent Water's Foston, Hatton, Hilton and Rolleston Closures Scheme. 6A (Site 7)

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2598 2585 (399m by 348m) SK22NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Stretton, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 40237 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments - None Recorded

Finds - None recorded

56 ©Midland Archæological Services St Mary’s Drive Stretton 2014

PRN Number Site Name Record Type 40238 - MST6343 Ridge and Furrow, Clay Mills, Stretton Monument The remains of ridge and furrow earthworks of probable medieval date, identified by an archaeological assessment undertaken in 1993.

Monument Types and Dates FIELD SYSTEM (MEDIEVAL - 1066 AD to 1485 AD) Evidence EARTHWORK RIDGE AND FURROW (MEDIEVAL - 1066 AD to 1485 AD) Evidence EARTHWORK

Description and Sources Description Field System. Ridge and furrow. <1> Sources (1) Desk Based Assessment Report: G. Woodhouse and G. Guilbert (Trent and Peak Archaeological Trust). 1993. An Archaeological Assessment of Severn Trent Water's Foston, Hatton, Hilton and Rolleston Closures Scheme. Figure 8

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2642 2730 (788m by 475m) SK22NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Stretton, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 40238 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments - None Recorded

Finds - None recorded

57 ©Midland Archæological Services St Mary’s Drive Stretton 2014

PRN Number Site Name Record Type 40274 - MST6379 Dovecliffe Hall (Park) Monument A landscaped area around Dovecliffe Hall. The hall itself is of early 19th century date and the extent of the park is marked on the 1830s Ordnance Survey 1" mapping, indicating that the parkland may have been established during the early 19th century.

Monument Types and Dates LANDSCAPE PARK (Established, (between) INDUSTRIAL - 1800 AD? to 1834 AD?) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

Description and Sources Description Landscape Park: A landscaped area at Dove Cliff(e) Hall. <1>

Extent of parkland not depicted on 1884 Ordnance Survey map. <2>

One or two small buildings have been added to the area, otherwise the parkland remains largely undeveloped. <3>

The extent of the park is identified on the 1830s 1" Ordnance Survey map. (SB, 21-Sept-2011) <4> Sources (1) Index: PARKS AND GARDENS TRUST. (2) Cartographic: Ordnance Survey. 1875 - 1890. Ordnance Survey 1st Edition 6" maps. Staffordshire Sheet XLI. N.W. (1884) (3) Cartographic: Ordnance Survey. c1980. Ordnance Survey 1:10000 National Grid Series. (4) Cartographic: David & Charles (publisher). 1970. Ordnance Survey 1834-1836 1" maps. Sheet 34 - Stafford

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 256 273 (589m by 504m) SK22NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Stretton, East Staffordshire Borough esignations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 40274 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments 08610 Dovecliffe, Stretton Geographical

Finds - None recorded

58 ©Midland Archæological Services St Mary’s Drive Stretton 2014

PRN Number Site Name Record Type 12672 - MST8603 Craythorne Hall, Craythorne Road, Rolleston on Building Dove A listed mid 19th century country house of sandstone ashlar with a hipped, slate roof. The property is now divided into two dwellings.

Monument Types and Dates COUNTRY HOUSE (Built, (between) INDUSTRIAL to Victorian - 1835 AD to 1864 AD) Evidence EXTANT BUILDING Main Building ASHLAR Material Main Building SANDSTONE Material Main Building SLATE Material

Description and Sources Description - None recorded

Sources - None recorded

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2470 2705 (27m by 24m) SK22NW Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Rolleston on Dove, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations Listed Building (II) - 1190746 Craythorne Hall Active DST3135

Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 12672 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments - None Recorded

Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

59 ©Midland Archæological Services St Mary’s Drive Stretton 2014

PRN Number Site Name Record Type 08610 - MST8662 Dovecliffe, Stretton Building A large, listed early 19th century house of red brick with a hipped, Westmorland slate roof.

Monument Types and Dates HOUSE (Built, (between) INDUSTRIAL - 1800 AD to 1834 AD) Evidence EXTANT BUILDING Main Building BRICK Material Main Building SLATE Material

Description and Sources Description - None recorded

Sources - None recorded

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2582 2745 (34m by 31m) SK22NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Stretton, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations Listed Building (II) - 1049/04/073 Dovecliffe Active DST3136

Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 08610 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments 40274 Dovecliffe Hall (Park) Geographical

Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

60 ©Midland Archæological Services St Mary’s Drive Stretton 2014

PRN Number Site Name Record Type 08609 - MST8664 Bridge Farmhouse, Bridge Street, Stretton Building A listed early nineteenth century brick-built farmhouse.

Monument Types and Dates FARMHOUSE (Built, (between) INDUSTRIAL - 1800 AD to 1834 AD) Evidence EXTANT BUILDING Main Building BRICK Material Main Building TILE Material

Description and Sources Description - None recorded

Sources - None recorded

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2519 2638 (17m by 14m) SK22NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Stretton, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations Listed Building (II) - 1038465 Bridge Farmhouse Active DST3137

Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 08609 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments - None Recorded

Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

61 ©Midland Archæological Services St Mary’s Drive Stretton 2014

PRN Number Site Name Record Type 08607 - MST8665 Church of St Mary, Church Road, Stretton Building A listed church designed by Mickelthwaite and Somers Clarke for the brewer John Gretton. The late 19th century church has a four-staged bell tower and a font of Purbeck marble. The east window of the church was designed by Sir William Richmond.

Monument Types and Dates PARISH CHURCH (Built, (between) Victorian - 1895 AD to 1897 AD) Evidence EXTANT BUILDING Main Building ASHLAR Material Main Building SANDSTONE Material Main Building TILE Material

Description and Sources Description - None recorded

Sources - None recorded

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2538 2635 (38m by 26m) SK22NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Stretton, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations Listed Building (II*) - 1049/04/076 Church of St Mary Active DST3138

Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 08607 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments - None Recorded

Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

62 ©Midland Archæological Services St Mary’s Drive Stretton 2014

PRN Number Site Name Record Type 13090 - MST8667 Milepost, Trent and Mersey Canal, Stretton Building A listed, early 19th century, cast iron canal milepost on the Trent and Mersey Canal at Stretton, which gives distances to Shardlow and Preston Brook.

Monument Types and Dates CANAL MILEPOST (Erected, (between) INDUSTRIAL - 1800 AD to 1834 AD) Evidence EXTANT STRUCTURE Main Building CAST IRON Material

Description and Sources Description - None recorded

Sources - None recorded

Location National Grid Reference SK 2593 2601 (point) SK22NE Point Administrative Areas Parish Stretton, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations Listed Building (II) - 1049/04/079 Milepost at SK 259 260 Active DST3141

Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 13090 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments 02212 Trent and Mersey Canal Geographical

Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

63 ©Midland Archæological Services St Mary’s Drive Stretton 2014

PRN Number Site Name Record Type 50776 - MST12361 Weir, Dovecliff Monument The site of a weir from at least the mid 19th century, and possibly as early as the 16th century. The remains of an original wooden weir structure still survived below the capping stones along the crest of the weir in the 1990s.

Monument Types and Dates WEIR (POST MEDIEVAL - 1500 AD? to 1599 AD?) Evidence STRUCTURE

Description and Sources Description A mill stream is shown leaving the Rive Dove at Dovecliff as early as the 16th century, suggesting that there may have been an associated weir structure in this area by that time. Historic maps show that a weir existed at this location by the mid 19th century. Repairs works carried out on the weir in the 1990s identified the top of a wooden structure that may be part of an original weir, which survives below the capping stones along the crest of the weir. (SB, 22-Sept-2005) <1> Sources (1) Other Report: Becca Satchwell (Glendale Environmental / Environment Agency). 2005. Tutbury and Dovecliff Weirs Fish Passes: Environmental Report. Pages 20-21

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2586 2753 (36m by 83m) SK22NE Dispersed Administrative Areas County Derbyshire County Staffordshire Parish Stretton, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 50776 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments 03727 Clay Mills, Burton on Trent, Stretton Geographical

Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities EST1396 An environmental impact assessment of the proposed installation of a fish pass at Dovecliff. (Event - Interpretation) Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

64 ©Midland Archæological Services St Mary’s Drive Stretton 2014

PRN Number Site Name Record Type 50846 - MST12435 Burton upon Trent Branch, North Staffordshire Monument Railway The former course of the Burton upon Trent Branch of the North Staffordshire Railway. The line has now been dismantled, but is still identifiable in places on modern mapping and aerial photography.

Monument Types and Dates RAILWAY (Victorian to Post-War - 1848 AD to 1968 AD) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE Evidence EARTHWORK

Description and Sources Description In 1848 the North Staffordshire Railway Company opened a railway line between Crewe and Derby. This line had a branch running between Burton and Tutbury, upon which a little train called the 'Tutbury Jenny' provided a passenger. The service was withdrawn in 1960, with the track being dismantled after the line closed completely in 1968. In the 1980s a road (Princess Way) was constructed along the former course of the railway between Burton and Stretton. (SB, 12-May-2006) <1>

The course of the railway is marked on the 1st Edition Ordnance Survey map. (SB, 12-May-2006) <2> Sources (1) Published Book: The Victoria History of the Counties of England (Edited by N. J. Tringham). 2003. (VCH Volume 9) A History of the County of Stafford, Volume IX - Burton-upon-Trent. Page 30 (2) Cartographic: Landmark. Circa 1880's. Landmark Mapping - Derbyshire 1st Edition Ordnance Survey.

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2458 2686 (1516m by 5033m) SK22NW Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Burton, East Staffordshire Borough Parish Horninglow and Eton, East Staffordshire Borough Parish Rolleston on Dove, East Staffordshire Borough Parish Stretton, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 50846 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments - None Recorded

Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

PRN Number Site Name Record Type 50872 - MST12465 Ridge and Furrow and water meadow, Near Monument Rolleston The earthwork remains of medieval ridge and furrow, identified on aerial photography from circa 2000. The earthworks may have been later adapted to form part of a water meadow system.

Monument Types and Dates RIDGE AND FURROW (MEDIEVAL - 1066 AD to 1485 AD) Evidence EARTHWORK WATER MEADOW (POST MEDIEVAL - 1486 AD to 1799 AD) Evidence EARTHWORK

Description and Sources Description The earthwork remains of medieval or later ridge and furrow, identified on aerial photography from circa 2000. The alignment of the earthworks does not correspond with the surviving field boundaries, suggesting that the ridge and furrow may pre-date the existing field system. (SB, 20-Oct-2006) <1>

A water meadow identified by the Water Meadow Survey in 2008. The 1963 and the 2000 aerial photographs suggested that upstanding earthworks with carriers survive across 10% to 50% across most of the area. (DAT 13/09/2012) <2>.

The lidar data suggests that the earthwork survive over a slighly larger area than is revealed by the aerial photography (DAT 13/09/2012) <3>.

The ridge and furrow was identified as part of a desk based survey (DAT 26/04/2013) <4> Sources (1) Aerial Photograph: 2000. Aerial photosurvey of Staffordshire - 1999 - 2001. SK 2515 2806 (2) Digital Archive: Paul Breeze (Birmingham Archaeology). 2008. Staffordshire Water Meadows Survey (GIS Data). GIS Feature Number 130 (3) Digital Archive: Environment Agency. Lidar. SJ2428 (D0040730.jpg) (4) Drawn: Trent Valley Archaeological Research Committee (?). Unknown. 1:10 000 Overlays. SK22NE

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2521 2793 (608m by 477m) SK22NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Rolleston on Dove, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Former Primary Record Number - 20298 Active Primary Record Number - 50872 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments - None Recorded

Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities

PRN Number MST12465 Site Name Furrow and Near Rolleston

EST1020 An archaeological assessment at Foston, Hatton, Hilton and Rolleston, Staffordshire and Derbyshire. (Event - Interpretation) EST1818 A survey of water meadows in Staffordshire. (Event - Survey) Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

PRN Number Site Name Record Type 60861 - MST15287 Coin Findspot, Stretton Find Spot A copper alloy coin of probable Roman date, recovered during metal detecting in Stretton parish in January 2003.

Monument Types and Dates FINDSPOT (ROMAN - 43 AD to 409 AD) Evidence FIND

Description and Sources Description A copper alloy coin of probable Roman date, recovered during metal detecting in Stretton parish in January 2003. (SB, 30- Jul-2012) <1> Sources (1) Index: Portable Antiquities Scheme. 2009. Portable Antiquities Data (August 2009).

Location National Grid Reference SK 26 26 (point) SK22NE Point Administrative Areas Parish Stretton, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 60861 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments - None Recorded

Associated Finds FST3174 COIN (1) (ROMAN - 43 AD to 409 AD) COPPER ALLOY Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

PRN Number Site Name Record Type 53979 - MST17748 Ridge and Furrow, Rolleston Monument The remains of medieval ridge and furrow, identified on aerial photography.

Monument Types and Dates RIDGE AND FURROW (MEDIEVAL - 1066 AD to 1485 AD) Evidence EARTHWORK

Description and Sources Description Ridge and Furrow: Ridge and furrow earthworks identified on aerial photography. <1>

The lidar data reveals that the area of ridge and furrow covers a larger area than than identified on the aerial photography (DAT 13/09/2012) <2>. Sources (1) Aerial Photograph: Hunting Surveys Ltd. 1963. 1963 Aerial Photography. Run 26 - 6910 (2) Digital Archive: Environment Agency. Lidar. SJ2427 (D0040729.jpg)

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2546 2744 (469m by 333m) SK22NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Rolleston on Dove, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 53979 Active Former Primary Record Number - 20298 Revoked Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments - None Recorded

Finds - None recorded

PRN Number Site Name Record Type 54742 - MST18511 United Free Methodist Chapel, Main Street, Stretton Building A United Free Methodist chapel built in 1894 upon the site of an earlier chapel dating to 1873.

Monument Types and Dates UNITED METHODIST FREE CHAPEL (Built, Victorian - 1873 AD) Evidence DEMOLISHED BUILDING UNITED METHODIST FREE CHAPEL (Built, Victorian - 1894 AD) Evidence EXTANT BUILDING

Description and Sources Description A United Free Methodist chapel built in 1894 upon the site of an earlier chapel dating to 1873. (DAT, 26/03/2012) <1> Sources (1) Published Book: The Victoria History of the Counties of England (Edited by N. J. Tringham). 2003. (VCH Volume 9) A History of the County of Stafford, Volume IX - Burton-upon-Trent. Page 196

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2519 2618 (27m by 29m) SK22NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Stretton, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 54742 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments - None Recorded

Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

PRN Number Site Name Record Type 54981 - MST18750 Water Meadow, North of Rolleston on Dove Monument A post medieval water meadow system identified as part of the Water Meadow Survey in 2008.

Monument Types and Dates WATER MEADOW (POST MEDIEVAL - 1486 AD to 1799 AD) Evidence EARTHWORK

Description and Sources Description A water meadow identified from historic mapping and aerial photography as part of a survey of water meadows in Staffordshire undertaken in 2008. Aerial photography from 1963 and 2000 suggest that upstanding earthworks with carriers survive across 10% to 50% across most of the area. (DAT, 13/09/2012) <1>

The network of drains is visible on Lidar data of this area. (DAT, 13/09/2012) <2> Sources (1) Digital Archive: Paul Breeze (Birmingham Archaeology). 2008. Staffordshire Water Meadows Survey (GIS Data). GIS Feature Number 126 (2) Digital Archive: Environment Agency. Lidar. SJ2228 (D0040722.jpg) and SJ2428 (D0040730.jpg)

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2555 2779 (567m by 550m) SK22NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Rolleston on Dove, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 54981 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments - None Recorded

Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities EST1818 A survey of water meadows in Staffordshire. (Event - Survey) Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

PRN Number Site Name Record Type 54982 - MST18751 Ridge and Furrow, Rolleston Equestrian Centre, Monument Rolleston Ridge and furrow, the remains of medieval and later ploughing, surviving as earthworks in the area around Rolleston Equestrian Centre.

Monument Types and Dates RIDGE AND FURROW (MEDIEVAL - 1066 AD to 1485 AD) Evidence EARTHWORK?

Description and Sources Description Ridge and furrow earthworks are visible on Lidar data. (DAT, 13/09/2012) <1>

Aerial photography from 2006 reveals that part of this area has been built over. (DAT, 13/09/2012) <2> Sources (1) Digital Archive: Environment Agency. Lidar. SJ2427 (D0040729.jpg) (2) Aerial Photograph: 2006-2010. Aerial photosurvey of Staffordshire - 2006-2010.

Location National Grid Reference Centred SK 2525 2728 (254m by 195m) SK22NE Dispersed Administrative Areas Parish Rolleston on Dove, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 54982 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments - None Recorded

Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

PRN Number Site Name Record Type 55615 - MST19384 Mill Race, Clay Mills, Stretton Monument A mill race which fed the watermill at Clay Mills is extant. It may have first been constructed during the medieval period and be contemporary with the earliest known phases of the watermill.

Monument Types and Dates MILL RACE (MEDIEVAL - 1066 AD? to 1485 AD?) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE Evidence EXTANT STRUCTURE

Description and Sources Description The mill race is marked on Yates' map of Staffordshire (1775) and the first edition 6" OS map. (DAT, 22/04/2013) <1> <2>

The mill race is extant at least as far as the A38 beyond which it appears to form two enlarged ponds. (DAT, 22/04/2013) <3> Sources (1) Cartographic: William Yates (The Staffordshire Record Society). 1775/1984. A Map of the County of Stafford - by William Yates. (2) Cartographic: Ordnance Survey. 1875 - 1890. Ordnance Survey 1st Edition 6" maps. (3) Cartographic: Ordnance Survey. 2003 Onwards. OS Mastermap. Viewed 22/04/2013

Location National Grid Reference - Not recorded Administrative Areas Parish Stretton, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 55615 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments 03727 Clay Mills, Burton on Trent, Stretton Geographical

Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

PRN Number Site Name Record Type 56000 - MST20118 Finger Post, Claymills, Stretton Monument A finger post situated at the junction of Dovecliff Road, Forge Lane, Claymills Road and Church Road at Claymills, Stretton. The cast iron post is painted white and the three 'fingers' give direction to 'Stretton', Rolleston and Tutbury' and 'Derby'.

Monument Types and Dates FINGER POST (Erected, (between) Georgian to Post-War - 1735 AD? to 1964 AD?) Evidence EXTANT STRUCTURE Main Building CAST IRON Material

Description and Sources Description A finger post situated at the junction of Dovecliff Road, Forge Lane, Claymills Road and Church Road at Claymills, Stretton. The cast iron post is painted white and the three 'fingers' give direction to 'Stretton', Rolleston and Tutbury' and 'Derby'. (HP, 28-Oct-2013) <1> Sources (1) Written: John Higgins (The Milestone Society). 2000. Staffordshire Milestones (and Canal Milestones, Boundary Markers and Guide Posts). Stretton 1

Location National Grid Reference SK 2593 2693 (point) SK22NE Point Administrative Areas Parish Stretton, East Staffordshire Borough

Designations, Statuses and Scoring Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Primary Record Number - 56000 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Related Monuments - None Recorded

Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

Appendix 3: Oblique Aerial Photographs Consulted.

Photo reference (NGR Film and frame number Original number Date Film type Map Reference (6 What can you order? and Index number) figure grid ref) Photocopy Laser copy Photographic copy Digital copy SK 2426 / 3 JAP 1160 / 27 SEE PRINTS 30 JUL 1971 B&W copy clr 35 mm SK 249265 Y Y Y U SK 2526 / 1 JAP 9546 / ORACLEB1 SEE PRINTS JUL 1962 Black& white SF or I Neg SK 258266 Y Y Y U SK 2526 / 2 JAP 13602 / 25-25A 69 Unknown Black& white SF or I Neg SK 258268 Y Y Y U SK 2526 / 3 JAP 13602 / 26A 69 1963 Black& white SF or I Neg SK 258268 Y Y Y U SK 2626 / 1 JAP 9547 / 5 SEE PRINTS JUL 1962 Black& white SF or I Neg SK 260267 Y Y Y U SK 2626 / 2 JAP 9547 / 6 SEE PRINTS JUL 1962 Black& white SF or I Neg SK 260267 Y Y Y U SK 2626 / 3 JAP 9547 / 8 SEE PRINTS JUL 1962 Black& white SF or I Neg SK 260267 Y Y Y U Total 7 records

Appendix4:VerticalAppendix 4: Vertical Aerial Photographs Consulted. AerialPhotographsConsulted. Photograph Obtained Highlighted Grey.

Library Camera Frame Sortie Focal Sortie number Held Centre point Run Date Scale 1: Film details (in inches) Film held by number position number quality length (in inches) RAF/106G/UK/721 36 RS 4088 P SK 258 280 22 26 AUG 1945 AC 15000 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/106G/UK/721 36 RS 4089 P SK 267 275 22 26 AUG 1945 AC 15000 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/541/28 876 RP 3210 P SK 253 257 4 17 MAY 1948 A 10000 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/541/28 876 RP 3211 P SK 260 258 4 17 MAY 1948 A 10000 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/541/445 1046 RP 3153 N SK 260 275 6 01 MAR 1950 A 10000 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/541/445 1046 RP 3188 N SK 259 280 7 01 MAR 1950 A 10000 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/58/512 1103 V 5074 P SK 249 259 11 29 JUN 1950 A 10000 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR RAF/58/724 1207 RP 3074 P SK 263 262 5 21 JUN 1951 A 12000 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/58/724 1207 RP 3075 P SK 257 262 5 21 JUN 1951 A 12000 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/58/724 1207 RP 3076 P SK 252 262 5 21 JUN 1951 A 12000 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/58/724 1207 RS 4073 P SK 264 280 10 21 JUN 1951 A 12000 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/58/724 1207 RS 4074 P SK 258 280 10 21 JUN 1951 A 12000 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/543/1794 2085 F21 86 P SK 251 278 12 14 JUN 1962 A 10000 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/543/1794 2085 F21 87 P SK 259 278 12 14 JUN 1962 A 10000 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/543/1794 2085 F22 86 P SK 250 261 8 14 JUN 1962 A 10000 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR RAF/543/1794 2085 F22 87 P SK 258 261 8 14 JUN 1962 A 10000 20 Black and White 8.25 x 7.5 NMR MAL/71115 7258 V 32 N SK 270 267 1 12 JUL 1971 A 12000 6 Black and White 9 x 9 FNH MAL/71115 7258 V 41 P SK 250 271 2 12 JUL 1971 A 12000 6 Black and White 9 x 9 FNH MAL/71115 7258 V 42 N SK 250 261 2 12 JUL 1971 A 12000 6 Black and White 9 x 9 FNH MAL/76064 7427 V 108 P SK 258 278 2 18 JUL 1976 A 2500 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/76064 7427 V 109 P SK 259 276 2 18 JUL 1976 A 2500 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/76064 7427 V 110 P SK 261 275 2 18 JUL 1976 A 2500 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/76064 7427 V 111 P SK 263 274 2 18 JUL 1976 A 2500 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/76064 7427 V 112 P SK 264 272 2 18 JUL 1976 A 2500 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR MAL/82010 9157 V 60 N SK 255 278 1 14 MAY 1982 A 10000 6 Black and White 9 x 9 FNH MAL/82010 9157 V 67 P SK 263 260 2 14 MAY 1982 A 10000 6 Black and White 9 x 9 FNH MAL/82010 9157 V 68 N SK 254 260 2 14 MAY 1982 A 10000 6 Black and White 9 x 9 FNH OS/67014 10943 V 66 P SK 253 271 4 01 APR 1967 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/67014 10943 V 67 P SK 260 271 4 01 APR 1967 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/67014 10943 V 115 P SK 258 261 5 01 APR 1967 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/67014 10943 V 116 P SK 251 261 5 01 APR 1967 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/65221 11219 V 146 P SK 263 274 1 20 SEP 1965 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/65221 11219 V 161 P SK 252 276 2 20 SEP 1965 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/95602 14929 V 71 P SK 255 268 3 27 JUN 1995 A 8600 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/95602 14929 V 72 P SK 261 268 3 27 JUN 1995 A 8600 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/00974 15741 V 792 P SK 262 268 10 17 JUN 2000 A 7500 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/00974 15741 V 793 P SK 255 268 10 17 JUN 2000 A 7500 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/93081 20954 V 23 N SK 252 265 1 24 APR 1993 A 5300 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/93081 20954 V 24 N SK 256 265 1 24 APR 1993 A 5300 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/93081 20954 V 25 N SK 260 265 1 24 APR 1993 A 5300 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR

OS/93117 20957 V 43 N SK 255 279 2 04 MAY 1993 A 7700 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/93117 20957 V 44 N SK 261 279 2 04 MAY 1993 A 7700 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/93117 20957 V 75 N SK 259 268 3 04 MAY 1993 A 7700 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/93117 20957 V 76 N SK 253 268 3 04 MAY 1993 A 7700 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/93117 20957 V 77 N SK 246 267 3 04 MAY 1993 A 7700 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/00580 23411 V 32 N SK 248 267 2 17 JUN 2000 A 5300 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/00580 23411 V 33 N SK 248 263 2 17 JUN 2000 A 5300 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/00580 23411 V 75 N SK 257 272 4 17 JUN 2000 A 5300 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/00580 23411 V 76 N SK 257 267 4 17 JUN 2000 A 5300 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/00580 23411 V 77 N SK 257 263 4 17 JUN 2000 A 5300 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/00580 23411 V 121 N SK 266 272 6 17 JUN 2000 A 5300 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR OS/00580 23411 V 122 N SK 266 267 6 17 JUN 2000 A 5300 12 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR ADA/140 26210 V 27 N SK 265 268 1 20 JUN 1983 A 10000 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR ADA/140 26210 V 28 N SK 253 268 1 20 JUN 1983 A 10000 6 Black and White 9 x 9 NMR ADA/648 26902 V 78 N SK 247 271 4 23 JUN 1995 A 10000 6 Colour 9 x 9 NMR ADA/648 26902 V 79 N SK 256 272 4 23 JUN 1995 A 10000 6 Colour 9 x 9 NMR EA/AF/93C/518 40059 V 8229 P SK 250 269 2 13 MAR 1993 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 AF EA/AF/93C/518 40059 V 8230 P SK 253 268 2 13 MAR 1993 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 AF EA/AF/93C/518 40059 V 8231 P SK 255 268 2 13 MAR 1993 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 AF EA/AF/93C/518 40059 V 8232 P SK 258 267 2 13 MAR 1993 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 AF EA/AF/93C/518 40059 V 8233 P SK 261 266 2 13 MAR 1993 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 AF EA/AF/93C/518 40059 V 8259 P SK 261 271 3 13 MAR 1993 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 AF EA/AF/93C/518 40059 V 8260 P SK 259 272 3 13 MAR 1993 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 AF EA/AF/93C/518 40059 V 8261 P SK 256 272 3 13 MAR 1993 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 AF EA/AF/93C/518 40059 V 8262 P SK 254 273 3 13 MAR 1993 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 AF EA/AF/93C/518 40059 V 8263 P SK 251 273 3 13 MAR 1993 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 AF EA/AF/93C/519 40060 V 8366 P SK 255 277 2 13 MAR 1993 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 AF EA/AF/93C/519 40060 V 8367 P SK 258 276 2 13 MAR 1993 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 AF EA/AF/93C/519 40060 V 8368 P SK 260 276 2 13 MAR 1993 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 AF EA/AF/95C/242 40087 V 2188 N SK 254 275 1 09 MAR 1995 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 AF EA/AF/95C/242 40087 V 2189 N SK 257 275 1 09 MAR 1995 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 AF EA/AF/95C/242 40087 V 2190 N SK 259 275 1 09 MAR 1995 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 AF EA/AF/95C/242 40087 V 2316 N SK 260 270 2 09 MAR 1995 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 AF EA/AF/95C/242 40087 V 2317 N SK 257 270 2 09 MAR 1995 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 AF EA/AF/95C/242 40087 V 2318 N SK 254 270 2 09 MAR 1995 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 AF EA/AF/95C/242 40087 V 2320 N SK 252 266 3 09 MAR 1995 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 AF EA/AF/95C/242 40087 V 2321 N SK 255 266 3 09 MAR 1995 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 AF EA/AF/95C/242 40087 V 2322 N SK 258 266 3 09 MAR 1995 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 AF EA/AF/95C/242 40087 V 2323 N SK 261 266 3 09 MAR 1995 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 AF EA/GEO/93011 40118 V 85 P SK 262 270 2 22 FEB 1993 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 GEO EA/GEO/93011 40118 V 86 P SK 260 268 2 22 FEB 1993 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 GEO EA/GEO/93011 40118 V 87 P SK 259 266 2 22 FEB 1993 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 GEO EA/GEO/93011 40118 V 88 P SK 257 263 2 22 FEB 1993 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 GEO EA/GEO/93011 40118 V 89 P SK 256 261 2 22 FEB 1993 A 3000 6 Colour 9 x 9 GEO Total Sorties 22

Total Frames 84

Appendix 5: Glossary

Barrow Cemetery: Where several contemporary round barrows are grouped together, the area is referred to as a barrow cemetery.

Domesday Book: (Latin: Liber de Wintonia) is a manuscript that records the great survey of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086. The survey was executed for William I of England (William the Conqueror): "While spending the Christmas time of 1085 in Gloucester, William had deep speech with his counsellors and sent men all over England to each shire to find out what or how much each landholder had in land and livestock, and what it was worth" (Anglo-Saxon Chronicle).

One of the main purposes of the survey was to determine who held what and what taxes had been liable under Edward the Confessor; the judgement of the Domesday assessors was final whatever the book said about who held the material wealth or what it was worth was the law, and there was no appeal. It was written in Latin, although there were some vernacular words inserted for native terms with no previous Latin equivalent, and the text was highly abbreviated. Richard FitzNigel, writing around the year 1179, stated that the book was known by the English as "Domesday", that is the Day of Judgement.

Enclosure or inclosure: The process which ends traditional rights such as mowing meadows for hay, or grazing livestock on common land formerly held in the open field system. Once enclosed, these uses of the land become restricted to the owner, and it ceases to be land for commons. In England and Wales the term is also used for the process that ended the ancient system of arable farming in open fields. Under enclosure, such land is fenced (enclosed) and deeded or entitled to one or more owners. The process of enclosure began to be a widespread feature of the English agricultural landscape during the 16th century. By the 19th century, unenclosed commons had become largely restricted to rough pasture in mountainous areas and to relatively small parts of the lowlands.

Furlong: a group of parallel strips in an open-field system. The average size of a strip (also referred to as a ‘land’) in the Midlands is 180m x 7m. As a unit of measurement, there are 8 furlongs to the mile.

Hollow way or Holloway: A road which has over time fallen significantly lower than the land on either side. They are created incrementally by erosion, by water and traffic. Some are very ancient with evidence of Roman or Iron Age origins

Iron Age: Is the period generally occurring after the Bronze Age, marked by the prevalent use of iron.

The early period of the age is characterized by the widespread use of iron or steel. The adoption of these materials coincided with other changes in society, including differing agricultural practices, religious beliefs and artistic styles. The Iron Age as an archaeological term indicates the condition as to civilization and culture of a people using iron as the material for their cutting tools and weapons.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_age - cite_note-TJEB-1 The Iron Age is the third

79 ©Midland Archæological Services St Mary’s Drive Stretton 2014 principal period of the three-age system created by Christian Thomsen (1788–1865) for classifying ancient societies and prehistoric stages of progress.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_age - cite_note-2

In historical archaeology, the ancient literature of the Iron Age includes the earliest texts preserved in manuscript tradition. Sanskrit literature and Chinese literature flourished in the Iron Age. Other texts include the Avestan Gathas, the Indian Vedas and the oldest parts of the Hebrew Bible. The principal feature that distinguishes the Iron Age from the preceding ages is the introduction of alphabetic characters, and the consequent development of written language which enabled literature and historic record.

The beginning of the Iron Age in Europe and adjacent areas is characterized by certain forms of implements, weapons, personal ornaments, and pottery, and also by systems of decorative design, which are altogether different from those of the preceding age of bronze. The work of blacksmiths developing implements and weapons are hammered into shape, and, as a consequence, gradually departed from the stereotyped forms of their predecessors in the Bronze Age, of which objects were cast, and the system of decoration, which in the Bronze Age consisted chiefly of a repetition of rectilinear patterns, gave way to a system of curvilinear and flowing designs. The term "Iron Age" has low chronological value, because it did not begin simultaneously across the entire world.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_age - cite_note- EB1910CH-4 The dates and context vary depending on the region, and the sequence of ages is not necessarily true for every part of the earth's surface. There are areas, such as the islands of the South Pacific, the interior of Africa, and parts of North and South America, where peoples have passed directly from the use of stone to the use of iron without an intervening age of bronze.

Medieval period: 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: Antiquity, Medieval period, and Modern period. The Medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, the High, and the Late Middle Ages.

Post Medieval: An archaeological term, meaning anything of a period after the end of the medieval period. In England, this effectively means anything from the Tudor period (1485–1601) or after. Some archaeologists consider the Post Medieval period to end around 1750 with a Modern period after this, but others include all post Tudor finds to be Post Medieval

Ridge and furrow: An archaeological pattern of ridges (Medieval Latin sliones) and troughs created by a system of ploughing used in Europe during the Middle Ages, typical of the open field system

Romano-British culture: The culture that arose in Britain under the Roman Empire following the Roman conquest in AD 43 and the creation of the province of Britannia. It arose as a fusion of the imported Roman culture with that of the indigenous Britons, a people of Celtic language and custom.

Round Barrow: Aare one of the most common types of archaeological monuments. Although concentrated in Europe they are found in many parts of the world because of their simple construction and universal purpose. At their simplest, round barrows are hemispherical mounds of earth and/or stone raised over a burial placed in the middle. Beyond this there are numerous variations which may employ surrounding ditches, stone kerbs or flat berms between ditch and mound. Construction methods range from a single creation process of heaped material to a complex depositional sequence involving alternating layers of stone, soil and turf with timbers or wattle used to help hold the structure together.

The central burial may be placed a stone chamber or cist or in a cut grave. Both intact inhumations and cremations placed in vessels can be found.

Many round barrows attract surrounding satellite burials or later ones inserted into the mound itself. In some cases these occur hundreds or even thousands of years after the original barrow was built and were placed by entirely different cultures.

Round barrows on the chalk ridge of Bronkam Hill in Dorset, U.K. There are numerous round barrows along the south Dorset Ridgeway, including some well- preserved examples of the different sub-types.

In the British Isles, round barrows generally date to the Early Bronze Age although Neolithic examples are also known. Later round barrows were also sometimes used by Roman, Viking and Saxon societies. Examples include Rillaton barrow and Round Loaf. Where several contemporary round barrows are grouped together, the area is referred to as a barrow cemetery.

Tithe map: Usually applied to a map of an English or Welsh parish or township, prepared following the Tithe Commutation Act 1836. This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods. The map and its accompanying schedule gave the names of all owners and occupiers of land in the parish. Individual tithe owners sometimes prepared maps for their own use to show who owned what land. These maps are sometimes also called tithe maps, although such maps are not common before 1836.

81 ce en w f

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Neighbouring Houses Drawing No: 385/2/14

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Drawing Title: Fig. 2: Site Location Plan.

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Drawing Title: Fig. 3: Photo Direction Plan.

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O.S.CopyrightLicence no: 54981 50776

100055557 20298 Listed Building

08610 03727 Monuments, Buildings and Structures 40238 12672 53979 40274 Placename or Settlement 54982 05245 Findspot (Portable Antiquities Scheme 20299 SITE 56000 50846

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Drawing No: 385/4/14

Project: St Mary’s Drive Stretton. 05282 Drawing Title: Fig. 4: Historic Environment Data

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Midland Archaeological Services Old House 59 Church Street Digby Lincoln LN 4 3LZ Telephone: 01526 321 966 MIDLAND ARCHÆ OLOGICAL SERVICES [email protected]

Drawing No: 385/5/14

Project: St Mary’s Drive Stretton.

Drawing Title: Fig. 5: 1949 Ordnance Survey 6”.

Scale: 6”@A4 Site Code: N/A

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Midland Archaeological Services Old House 59 Church Street Digby Lincoln LN 4 3LZ Telephone: 01526 321 966 MIDLAND ARCHÆ OLOGICAL SERVICES [email protected] Drawing No: 385/6/14

Project: St Mary’s Drive Stretton.

Drawing Title: Fig. 6: 1924 Ordnance Survey 6”.

Scale: 6”@A4 Site Code: N/A

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Midland Archaeological Services Old House 59 Church Street Digby Lincoln LN 4 3LZ Telephone: 01526 321 966 MIDLAND ARCHÆ OLOGICAL SERVICES [email protected]

Drawing No: 385/7/14

Project: St Mary’s Drive Stretton.

Drawing Title: Fig. 7: 1902 Ordnance Survey 6”.

Scale: 6”@A4 Site Code: N/A

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Midland Archaeological Services Old House 59 Church Street Digby Lincoln LN 4 3LZ Telephone: 01526 321 966 MIDLAND ARCHÆ OLOGICAL SERVICES [email protected]

Drawing No: 385/8/14

Project: St Mary’s Drive Stretton.

Drawing Title: Fig. 8: 1884 Ordnance Survey 6”.

Scale: 6”@A4 Site Code: N/A

Drn SLW Chk Date 16/05/2014

Midland Archaeological Services Old House 59 Church Street Digby Lincoln LN 4 3LZ Telephone: 01526 321 966 MIDLAND ARCHÆ OLOGICAL SERVICES [email protected]

Drawing No: 385/9/14

Project: St Mary’s Drive Stretton.

Drawing Title: Fig. 9: 1848 Plan of Titheable Lands Stretton.

Scale: N/A Code: N/A

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Midland Archaeological Services Old House 59 Church Street Digby Lincoln LN 4 3LZ Telephone: 01526 321 966 MIDLAND ARCHÆ OLOGICAL SERVICES [email protected]

Drawing No: 385/10/14

Project: St Mary’s Drive Stretton.

Drawing Title: Fig. 10: Map of Stretton.

Scale: N/A Code: N/A

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Midland Archaeological Services Old House 59 Church Street Digby Lincoln LN 4 3LZ Telephone: 01526 321 966 MIDLAND ARCHÆ OLOGICAL SERVICES [email protected]

Drawing No: 385/11/14

Project: St Mary’s Drive Stretton.

Drawing Title: Fig. 11: Map of Stretton.

Scale: N/A Code: N/A

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Midland Archaeological Services Old House 59 Church Street Digby Lincoln LN 4 3LZ Telephone: 01526 321 966 MIDLAND ARCHÆ OLOGICAL SERVICES [email protected] LincolLN 43Telephinfo@ nLZone:01526midarch.co 321966.uk MIDLAND ARCHOLOGICAÆ LSERVICES ScaleDrn SMidlanOldH59ChDigby :N/ALWChkdArchaeoouseurchStreet SiteCoDate13logicalServ de:/06/2014ices DrawiProjec ngNo:385t:StMary’sTitle:Fig /11/14DriveStre.11:Mapo ttonfStretton

Drawing No: 385/12/14

Project: St Mary’s Drive Stretton.

Drawing Title: Fig. 12: Plan of Stretton & Penkridge (copied 1845 )

Scale: N/A Code: N/A

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Midland Archaeological Services Old House 59 Church Street Digby Lincoln LN 4 3LZ Telephone: 01526 321 966 MIDLAND ARCHÆ OLOGICAL SERVICES [email protected]

Drawing No: 385/13/14

Project: St Mary’s Drive Stretton.

Drawing Title: Fig. 13: Map of Stretton Lordship 1725.

Scale: N/A Code: N/A

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Midland Archaeological Services Old House 59 Church Street Digby Lincoln LN 4 3LZ Telephone: 01526 321 966 MIDLAND ARCHÆ OLOGICAL SERVICES [email protected]