Volume 1 4 , Number 2 O c tober 2005

ISSN #1 070-9428

CO NTENTS

P. adi i a s m n k e and e i i n f tw n w n i a n a d AGUIA A . s c sse s e sc o o o e eo o c e e an R, Cl t t, y d r pt tr p l g r species of Oabuniina (Hymenoptera : Ichneumoni dae: Cryp tinae)

Ta n m bi an d i i u i n f d a in an in h heidole R . O . o o o o s b o o see es s t e BU GE , D x y, l gy, d tr t h rv t g t P californica comp lex (Hymeno ptera : Formi cidae)

W. . . D A D A . V. Z . BR WER . A i f th i of th new LEATHERS . . UD N O e e o e s ec es e I , D D J , r v w p w orld braconi d genus Cyclaulacidea (Hymenoptera) w ith k ey and descripti ons of nine new species

A D . M . n a in h a a iti I KE .L . . A R a U C N L U ENNE . o es o os se c t e s c s Q , D I N N t h t r h g by p r w p Zaglyptogastra A s hmea d (Hym enoptera : Braconidae : Brac oninae) in Kib a l e

o es anda F r t, Ug

' '

I KE . m n a : T T z z n v. . L N N AND M . . A . Tri astrotheca laik ensis o e o e U C . L . S O s Q , D I g p p (Hy pt r Braconidae) : A new s p ecies of brood p arasitic w a s p th a t a tt ack s foundress queens of three coexistin g acacia-ant s p ecies in Ken ya

i UIN R A . . m n a : Mu i ae TE R . i AMERA T. Pa o atha M e e o e O AND A . C n c Q , D pp g k l (Hy pt r t ll d

S haerO thalminae : New s ecies sex assoc ia ions os s and new dist i u ion p p ) p , t , h t , r b t records

WHITFIE u amica B . A . A . VA R A D H I . R i n f Pelico e cc LD . L C O N . Y O edesc io o , I , E I , W r pt p y

Ma son meno e a : aconi ae: Mic o as rin ae i no es on its unusua (Hy pt r Br d r g t ) , w th t l

NO TE

NIEVE -ALD L E N N anti u ie es S REY . . AND M H A c s . R , I N v

Ald re 1 984 meno e a : y, (Hy pt r I NT ER NAT I O NA L S O CIET Y O F HYM ENO PT ER I ST S O rg ani z ed 1 982; Inc orp o ra ted 1 991

O FFI CER S FO R 2005

enis B o e s resident D r th r , P

— Mic a e . Sc hauff resident Elect h l E , P

Mic ae . a es Secretar h l W G t , y m i Treasurer us in O . Sc J t h dt, Editor a in R . oa G v Br d ,

Su bj ect Editors SYMPHYTA AND PARASITICA ACULEATA Biology: Ma rk Sh a w Biology: Syd ney C ameron Systematics : Dona ld Quick e Systematics : Woj ciec h Pulawsk i

All co rresp on d ence concernin g Society b usiness s h ou ld be m a il e d to the a p propria te officer a t the

o o in a es ses : esi en Sc oo of Bo an and Zoo o ni e si of K az u u- a a f ll w g d dr Pr d t, h l t y l gy, U v r ty w l N t l ,

i a e Ba X01 Sc o i e Sou A ic a Sec e a Sou es e n io i a n i u 1 1 s o c s e 96 . Pr v t g , tt v ll , th fr ; r t ry, th w t r B l g l I t t t , W

r Tu n AZ 74 B ichta . cso 85 5 USA T easu e PO Box 3701 2 c o Smi sonian ns i u ion Dr , , , ; r r r, , / th I t t t ,

M MH MRC1 6 a in n 2 - N , 8 , s o 001 3 701 2 USA di o en e for co o d o o W h gt , DC , ; E t r, C tr E l gy H y r l gy, Mon s oo A o s Ri n un in n u PE2 Z o o e e o o 8 LS UK . k W d , bb t pt , H t gd , P t rb r gh ,

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ou n a l Th J r . e Journal ofHymenoptera Research is p ub lis h e d tw ice a y ea r by the Internationa l Society of H meno terists e a m en of n omo o Smi ni an In i u i n , so s o as in on D C . y p D p rt t E t l gy, th t t t , W h gt , 20560— 01 68 M US A . em e s in oo s an in e ei h t e ournal . , b r g d t d g r c v e J Nonm emb er sub scriptions a re

US . cu enc r ( rr y) pe y ea r .

The Socie oes not e c an e its u ica ions for ose of o e i ty d x h g p b l t th th r soc eties .

Pl ea s e s ee ins i d e b a c k c o v er o f th is is s u e for in f o rma ti on reg ard in g

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Statement o f O wne r s h i p

Ti e of u ic a ion : ou na of meno e a R tl P bl t J r l Hy pt r esea rc h .

e uenc o f ss ue: T ice a Fr q y I w y ea r.

Loca ion of O ice o f u ica ion us iness O ice of t ff P bl t , B ff Pub lis h er and O w ner : Internationa l Society

of H meno terists a y p , e m en o f n omo o Smi sonian ns i u ion l 0th and D p rt t E t l gy, th I t t t ,

ons i u ion NW a s in n D - o C . 20560 01 68 , U S A . C t t t W h gt , , i o : in a R . B oa , en e for c o o o o M n Ed r v r d C r E l gy Hyd r l gy, o s Woo d Abb o s Ri p on t G t k , t t , un in on , e e o ou PE28 2LS K U . H t gd P t rb r gh , Mana in i o and Kno n Bon o e s or o e Secu i o e : g g Ed t r w d h ld r th r r ty H ld r s none .

T h is i s s ue was m ail e d 7 O cto b er 2005 J . HYM . RES .

— V . 1 2 ol 2005 . 1 1 36 , pp

Cl a i s tic As s es s ment K e and D es cri ti on o f T wo New d , p y N eotro pical G enera and Sp ecies of G ab uniina (Hym eno ptera : I chneumonid ae: Cr ptinae) y

R ALEXANDRE P. AGU IA

é 481 i an a Séi o au o SP Museu de Zoo o ia ni e sidade de Sao au o Av . a a l g , U v r P l , N z r , Ip r g , P l ,

- 2 . du Brazil 04263 000; email : a guiar. @osu e

— - n n m h A an ic o es and Dineotro ic a n . Abs tract The Cr tini Penixia . e . o t e a i ian yp g , fr Br z l tl t F r t, p m th Ama on asin are o osed desc i ed and c adis ica c om a ed i i e a u e en . o e g , fr z b , p r p , r b , l t lly p r w th l t r t r da ta for representativ e s p ecies of all genera of the subtrib e Gabuniin a and 38 outgroup s p ecies . m i i Fenixia A tota l of 72 sp ecies and 51 c h a racters are ev a lu a ted . I p l ed w e ghtin g results sugg est th at i i is c ose e a e to La arosoma u a i e D neotm ica is c oses to Cestrus To nes . n e e l ly r l t d g G pt , wh l p l t w U w ght d ana ses e e in conc usi e but im ied ei in esu s su o the mono of Gabuniin a ly w r l v , p l w ght g r lt pp rt p hyly essen ia as e ined in the i e a u e and su es a Wuda sin ularis and e a s a few o e t lly d f l t r t r , gg t th t g , p rh p th r Th i F a a of Ceratocr tina mi be a of or a sis e a on of a su i e . e s ec es enixia t x yp , ght p rt , t r t x th t btr b p

Din tr i a i a n . . ar d i and i u a d . A k t n a f ne n s . and eo o c l ss s e esc e s e e o e e o o curta . p p p r b d ll tr t y g r trop ica l Gabuniina is presented .

The subtribe Gabuniina wa s prop osed m a tion ab out the exa ct loca tion of the n i k i u in by Townes (1 970) to in clude a w orldwid e ho st . Broa d a d Qu c e d sc ss g group of cryptine wa sps currently with 31 the a d aptive significance of host loca tion ene a and 309 e i e e ie Yu and i a iona oun in u e em on g r d scr b d sp c s ( by v br t l s d g , f rth r d Ho rstmann Memb ers of this sub s tra ted tha t such tibia ] and antenn a l spe tribe seem to a tta ck xylopha gou s la rv a e of cia liz a tions a re co rrela ted with grea ter rel o eo e a and e i o e a ex i i in a a i e o e immo i i of the o C l pt r L p d pt r , h b t g t v h st d pth , b l ty h st i ia i f r hi n h ghly sp ec l zed b ody structure o t s a d idiobios is . o e as no e To ne and To ne Mo abuniines o in the o i purp s , t d by w s w s st g ccur tr p cs ea e i a o a e a and o i e e are a few ene a h d subsph r c l; b dy sh p p subtr p cs , but th r g r proxim a tely cylindric; ventra l too th of c onfined to the Nea rc tic region and some m andible no rma lly longer than d orsa l o thers which occur in the Pa laea rctic re oo o e i iae i a e a in en a e ion a and u a Se en en t th; f r t b d l t d , h v g l rg d g (Gupt G pt v g subgenua l orga ns; antenna l tip highly era ha ve been d esc ribed for the Neotrop m o i ie o i o i o c om e e ai i a e ion on two a ea to be d f d; v p s t r pr ss d , str ght c l r g , but ly pp r and ou the o e a e i an a i a o mm o n Di orz oc r tus ie e a nd st t , l w r v lv w th p c l c , g yp V r ck , o a o e a n Th u has d rs l l b th t e clo ses mo st o f the tip of Agonocryptus Cu shm an . e gro p upp er v alv e; and sub a pica l meta soma l never been extensiv ely studied in Sou th e men en a e a ommo a in s e me i a and the two new ene a ro s g ts l rg d , cc d t g p A r c g r p cial i i m Th i in a di ov p os to r usc les . e spec alized p o sed herein p o t to a much gre ter n nn i i a e a t s u e to ta t he oo ro e i of the u i e in i e ion . t l p s d p w d , p v rs ty s btr b th s r g ducin u e of oun To ne and om a a i e u ie i Cr tinae g p ls s s d ( w s C p r t v st d s w th yp , To ne 1 962 Hena ut 1 n l a u e of 990 O e et a . o e e a re a en in o e w s , , tt h w v r , ch ll g g , b th b c s the e oe a re e e e i the en ei e eme i e i nea in 380 a i ch s d t ct d w th th r xtr d v rs ty , r g v l d lar ed u n n i ecie and e a o an Vilhelmsen et al . e e a and o e 4500 a g s bg u l rg s ( g r v r v l d sp s , 20 1 0 O en et al . o i in infor e au e man of es e a a are a o e e , tt pr v d g b c s y th t x ls xt r 1 22 JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH

n i as a re na imi a i e e i i in a c on usin 38 e ie ha d to be o e e , lly s l r, wh l xh b t g f g ( sp c s) c s d r d i of u e i e en e ma in em s onse to the o o in o em . , array s btl d ff r c s , k g th p f ll w g pr bl s F rst i t e o ni e at i i om i e e is a a of ea e in e i e diff cult o r c g z f rst s ght, c pl th r l ck cl rly d f d s st r and u e ene i cla ssifi ou for Gabuniina and a t the ame c ating generic s p rg r c gr ps , s In an a em to ob im e the u en i a a an emen i u a . ca tion in p art c l r tt pt t , c rr t subtr b l rr g t ectivel a es e e o em the re fo r Cr tini is i a i i ia i i , j y ss s th s pr bl s , p yp h ghly rt f c l; w th th s sent work uses cla distic ana lyses with the outgroup ta xa ha d to be selected from nu a im of es in the a i i of and i ua in m erous ec ie a a en or u os e t t g v l d ty , s t t g sp s pp r tly s pp dly

h o e ene a in o the i e Cr e a e to Gabuniina . Se on e en i e t e prop s d g r t , tr b yp r l t d c d , xt s v ina o e i e is to e en a i e i i e en a a or ou of a a tini . A f l bj ct v pr s t f rst , t sts w th d ff r t t x gr ps t x , i e not o ou C a i i a es men u in e imina ana e o e a wh l th r gh , l d st c ss s t d r g pr l ry lys s , sh w d th t of the monophyletic sta tus of the subtribe rea sonably stable results cou ld only be oh Gabuniina as e on e e na mo o o tained i a a e n m e of ou ou b d xt r l rph l gy, w th l rg u b r tgr p furthering the molecula r analyses of La u ta xa . 2003 i six abuniine en The a a e set ha s a i em a i renn e et a l . ( ) w th g g ch r ct r sl ght ph s s era mo of' em e o e e as a mono on ea e a i ua u e for e i in , st th r c v r d f tur s h b t lly s d d scr b g Man ene a of Gabuniina . a a e phyletic group . g r y ch r ct rs e e c o e i e om i u a ion and w r d d d r ctly fr ll str t s , MATEMALS AND METHO DS checked with the corresp ondin g descrip — Th n i General This work deals exclusively tions whenever p ossible . e co s d ered with ma teria l a cquired through an exten t a x a a re d escrib e d a n d i ll u str a te d in sive program of field excursions and visits T o w ne s Gup t a a nd J o na th a n to en omo o mu eum in a i a s a and u a a nd u a a t l gy s s Br z l , p rt G pt G pt Ch r of a mu i- in itu iona o e e e o e a cters 1 — 2 4 6— 8 1 8 30 and 40— 43 Ta e lt st t l pr j ct d v l p d , , , , , ( bl a on the ea 2000- 2004 now on inue 1 e e o e om the ene a descri l g y rs , c t d ) w r c d d fr g r l p h i i n f T r t e a o in a new o am . Fo by uth r pr gr Spec t o s o ownes (1 970) for the genera . men of neo o i a oun ie una a i a e e e a ac e all e ie of a i en e s tr p c l c tr s v l bl th s ch r t rs , sp c s g v g in Brazilian museums were not examined nus were c oded with the same cha ra cter for i o but are a e e f r i u ur o a e . ou i ma on e d th s w rk, t rg t d study st t Alth gh th s y c tr b t , a s a of the am in o o e . in ee ea to e ie in the ame p rt pr gr pr gr ss g tr s rch , sp c s s Mo rph o l o gic a l t erm in o l o gy fo ll o ws nomina l genu s to end up group ed in one

au et al . a on m for collec a e e e o e o in the o i ina G ld cr y s cl d , th r f r supp rt g r g l i n o o o ne et a l . a in o nc e i em e wa s im a e t s f ll w Ar tt Dr w gs c pt , th s sch ult t ly e e e a e au ia Marcona to un a o e ec au e the o en ia o em is w r pr p r d by Gl c , d pt d b s p t t l pr bl ’ der the a o u i uth r s s perv sion . only m a rgina lly relevant for the purp o se Selection o taxa and characters — a i ic of i h en a e . a ac e 7 t e e f Cl d st th s study Ch r t r , p rc t g ana e e e e o me e u i e for of a ia ion of the o e in en wa s lys s w r p rf r d xcl s v ly v r t f r w g l gth , providing an obj ective ev a luation of the c a lc ula ted by taking the difference be o o e a a a i u a in e a ion to een the a n W n pr p s d t x , p rt c l rly r l t tw l rgest a d the sma llest i g u i e a a . o in c a a e se en e i e e for the en and i i p bl sh d d t Acc rd gly , h r ct r l gth r g st r d g us , d v d ec ion and c o in fit i a im on and in it h t e ma in n a e . l t d g th s ly , g by s llest w g le gth v lu e u s e e not e o e for the in e na Two a a n 1 r s lt w r xpl r d t r l pp re tly distinct tendencies (Fig . ) o en of Cr tini o r a phyl g y yp G buniina . were interpreted and co ded as two dis i e a u e in o ma ion wa s o m ine in a a e R in f r L t r t r f r t c b d t ct ch r ct r sta tes . egression l es o i o i ina a a c o e in o a a ac e Fi 1 . e u w th r g l d t , d d t ch r t r g w re c a lc la ted with smoothin g m a i a nd ana e i a i ic m tr x , lys d w th Cl d st eth Splines (Venables and Ripley which o ds . The in o u in u gr p c l d es representa tives draw the cu rve tha t b est suits a given d a ta f o a ll e c i e Gabuniin n a e e a . A c m d s r b d g r o set .

a e num f — l rg b er o outgroup ta xa Phylogenetic analysis Tree sea rching VO LUME 1 4 N 2 2005 1 23 , UMBER , was e o me i eu i i ana e in RESULTS p rf r d w th h r st c lys s O e ion Goloboff 1 993b ai e N NA , v rs ( ) d d Table 1 shows the cha ra cter list and R e i on l 999a and i im by a tch t (N x ) , w th a a e a e o in and Ta e 2 re ch r ct r st t c d g , bl p ie ei in in PIWE e ion Go pl d w ght g , v rs ( s en ts the r e sp e ctiv e ch a r a ct er m a tri x . loboff which resolves cha ra cter con Sea rches with NO NA Ra tchet found 6531 flict in favo r of cha ra cters tha t have less mo a imoniou ee of 560 e Ci st p rs s tr s st ps , am omo a durin ee ea . C a o h pl sy g tr s rch l d gr The e e i e i on en u 1 4 Ri 54 . , r sp ct v str ct c s s s ana i was e o m e i WinCla da lys s p rf r d w th , tree is a lmost entirely collapsed and only i on 1 999b i a o e ion ( ) , v rs N x wh ch ls niin r ma rgin a lly info rma tive for Gabu a . Fo ‘ in corp ora tes the program Ra tchet . All i ea on it i not be on i e e e e . th s r s , w ll c s d r d h r m isa e a a e e e i ea e as ult t t ch r ct rs w r f rst tr t d i im ie ei in e are a s fol W th pl d w ght g , r sults uno e e en a a e 20 32 and 33 rd r d , th ch r ct rs , lows : sea rches with K 1 found 3071 trees e e ein e e e om the ini ia ee w r r t rpr t d fr t l tr s , of fit K 2 genera ted 3 trees of fit i a e an e and run a s o e e . rd r d At th s st g , ch g s and K 2 3 the e a a ue ie , d f ult v l , y ld fo r ch a r a ct e r 20 w e r e in t erpr et ed a s ed 29 trees of fit Results with K1 are ' 0<— 1 — >2 and the cha racter wa s resp ec tive not illu stra ted b ecau se they w ere gener l e o e inthe m a ri as — 0 to al y r c d d t x a imi a to o e o aine i K2— 3 lly s l r th s bt d w th , low the resp ective changes to be a ccura te except tha t the corresp ond ent c onsensus l on i e e u in ee ea in . y c s d r d d r g tr s rch g ee wa s on i e a e e e tr c s d r bly l ss w ll resolv d , For Ra i e en en ea e e e e , n t tch t d p d s rch s w r with 34 collapsed nod es v ersus 1 and 1 1 e o me i a am e of 5— 8 a ac p rf r d w th s pl ch r o a e no e for K2 and K3 ee re c ll ps d d s tr s , e s and 3000 i e a ion on ea run . The t r , t r t s ch a o am for ea of Spectively . All cl d gr s ch e in ee e e mitte at on e to r sult g tr s w r sub d c these sea rches preserved cla des of interest O eene i best and uni ue N NA, scr d w th q , 2 and for Gabuniina a s a o e i . wh l (F gs , n - im n which disca rd on opt a l trees a d trees 3— 4 6 for the o o e new ene a i . pr p s d g r (F gs , a ar o imi a ion- en i i e and en th t e pt z t s s t v , th mi e to in ea in e a u i e sub tt d cr s gly xh st v All w eighted sea rches rec overed a cla d e " a e a s o o : a i i max se rch s , f ll ws sw pp ng w th , i 30 Gabuniina ene a u o e a w th g r , s pp rt d by u a s i ie a the a proced re which l o cert f s th t in e non- hom o lasious a a e a e s gl , p ch r ct r st t “ ee o n il e on to a com e e is tr s f u d w l b l g pl t p etiole spiracle approxim a tely a t ” a i om PIWE anua and n e m ) , Re a ion i amon the a a l d (c t d fr l fur middle) . l t sh ps g t x * * e a in i m s l and um 1 to th r sw pp g w th , j p within Gabuniin a were a lso simila r in * um 4 ic ea for e e ee in in a n . a ea , Fenixia n . e j p wh h s rch b tt r tr s these sea rches . g pp rs “ ” i e en i an ene a in i o a e a e on ea e i K1 but d ff r t sl ds by g r t g sl ghtly c ll ps d cl d s rch s w th , less optimal trees from the ones found be i s a ss o c i a te d w i th Lagarosoma on a ll

— o e . s e fo n mo e or e e ee Dineotro ea e i K2 3 i . 3 f r All t ps u d r b tt r tr s , s rch s w th (F gs , * ex e um 4 . i n wa s e o e e n . in t ica . e s c pt j p p n g , tur , r c v r d For PIWE the o i on o 1 0000 min a a e i Ces trus o n a ll pt s h ld , f o r g cl d w th " ” mu 1 00 ere e i esu in ee ei e ea c e su o e a t ea lt w us d , w th r lt g tr s w ght d s r h s , pp rt d by l st submitted to further swapping ex actly a s two synap omorphies hind wing i e r e a o e for NO . Sea r e ein M + Cu ea con e and ovi d sc b d b v NA ch s v w kly v x , were p erformed with the default v alue for p o sitor suba pica lly with a microsculptu th c on an of c n a i t Goloboff 4 K e o red a ea i . , st t c v y ( r ) (F gs , 1 9 a n f r K 2 i e ine 9 3 ) a d o 2 and K 1 . H gh r Cha racters tra ditiona lly u sed to d ef a ue of K 4— 6 e e not e e e a u e Ga unii a num e 4 42 48 in Ta e 1 v l s ( ) w r t st d b c s b n ( b rs , , bl ) the intention was to chec k the m a ximum p erformed simila rly in ea ch a na lysis (Figs . inf en e a e ho la sious a a 2 a o ene a o in om a lu c th t l ss mop ch r c , 5, rr ws) , g r lly sh w g c p r e a n t n tivel i Ci and Ri a ue for the re t rs could h ve o he phylo ge y . a y h gh v l s 1 24 JOURNAL OF HYMENO PTERA RESEARCH

- iati n: n a non a ica e . in . A e o Ta e 1 . a a cte co / bl Ch r r d g bbr v , ppl bl

Desc ription

ea ma in num e of me ian eet 0 1 1 or 2 e en if sma Clyp l rg , b r d t h [ ] v ll Man dible with ventral tooth longer than d orsal equa l siz e ventra l tooth Shorter than do rsal [2] E omia s o t and ea on and st on e esen e a ou of in es a e an a p h r w k l g r g r pr t d by gr p wr kl , r th r th single ca rina ab sent [3] o e i ia of ema e e u a - o o in s o en a sa c ons icte 1 F r t b f l r g l r l k g w ll , b lly tr d [ ] Sternaulus com ete eac in mi e co a incom e e eac in 0 45— 0 65 of the is ance to mid pl , r h g ddl x pl t , r h g d t dle co xa ab sent [2] Pleural carina absent distinct and complete distinct but weak and incompl ete [2] Fore wing length v ariation up to 1 25% more th an 1 25% [ 1 ] o e in ein 1 — Rs + M s ai or s i t con e conca e or sinu ous e en if i 1 F r w g v tr ght l gh ly v x v , v Sl ghtly [ ] Fore wing crossvein 1 m- cu ab out as l ong a s v ein 1 —Rs + M distinctly sh orter distinctly longer n/ a (limit between v eins indistin ct)

o e in u a on ein 1 - Rs + M cen a a ica eac in ce 1 + 2RS o r nea so u a a s n F r w g b ll v tr l p l , r h g ll rly b ll b e t [2]

in m- u i Fore w g crossvein l c stra ght or uni formly curved sinuous o r s omewh at irregula r [ 1 ] Fore wing without a short v ein proj ection (ramellus) a rising a t meeting of v ein s l m-cu and Rs + M a short proj ection present [1 ] (p a rtia lly lin ked to cha racter 1 4) o e in imit e een 1 m-cu and 1 - Rs + M istinc in is inc eins e ec c on inuou 1 F r w g l b tw d t d t t, v p rf tly t s [ ] o e in ein 1 M+ Rs ea and uni o m c u e or s ai s i sin uous ot ea ir F r w g v w kly f r ly rv d , tr ght l ghtly w kly regular [1 ] in — Fore w g crossvein l cu a usually far from b ase of 1 M+ Rs (b asa d by more than i ts own length) i v e ns v ery c lose (approximately b asa d by or apicad) or opp osite [ 1 ] ° o e in c ro v in l cu- a a a F r w g ss e t pproximately 90 i M + Cu is inc o use an e is in c w th d t t bt gl d t t acute angle [2]

— o e in ein 2 Cu i in - — F r w g v d st ctly longer than crossvein 2cu a nearly of the same length or 2cu a

i - — - sl ghtly l onger 2cu a muc h l onger than 2 Cu 2 Cu entirely ab sent [3]

— o e in ein 2 Cu and 2cu-a a i ne an e e en if s i n a F r w g v l g d gl d , v l ghtly / i — Fore w ng vein 4 Rs uniformly curved sinuous or irregular [1 ] o e in crossvein 2m- cu it u m F r w g w h b lla ostly centra l to mostly ventral pl aced entirely or mostly on ante io nea eac in or eac i n ce I + 2Rs Rec o e in the ma i as 1 0 2 r r rly r h g r h g ll d d tr x , , es ecti e and run as a i i e . r p v ly, dd t v o e in ce 1 + 2Rs a eo e siz ( ) e, e en if o en sma a e a ou as a as i t of tero sti F r w g ll r l t v p , ll l rg , b t t ll w d h p g ma not differentiated

o e in crossveins 2r-m and 3r—m F r w g pa rallel or nea rly so distinctly but s lightly or mod erately con e en to a s ante io ma i f v rg t w rd r r rg n o wing strongly convergent n a (a reolet open or not differentiated)

o e in eins 2- - M and 3 M a o imate of the sa me en or one i o te t an the F r w g v ppr x ly l gth , Sl ghtly Sh r r h

- ot e 3 M istin t — ~ — h r d c ly l onger than 2 M 2 M distinctly l onger th an 3 M n / a o e in crossvein 3r- m tu u a n , o ma enti e or a t ne u o us or s ect a inc u in i F r w g b l r r l r ly p r ly b l p r l , l d g w th ” u a not i e entiate ce 1 + 2Rs o en n + b ll d ff r d , ll p / a (cell 1 2RS no t dev el op ed) o e in ce 1 + 2Rs enta ona r F , o nea s ua e or ci cu a e en if s i t a e an i r if r w g ll p g l rly q r r l r , v l gh ly t ll r th w d e o op en transversely elongate [ 1 ]

- o e in ein 4 M i - F to istinc on e an 4 RS nea as on as or s o e an4- Rs r w g v Sl ghtly d tly l g r th rly l g , h rt r , th 4~ M n u eb lous or spectra l on apica l h alf or more [2] Hin in ein 2 - 1 A s o n t , o eac in in ma in or a sen d w g v h rt r h g w g rg , b t end ing nea r or a t wing ma rgin [ 1 ]

Hin in i - e n 1 Cu it nea the m — — d w g v w h rly sa e length a s crossvein cu a l Cu distinctly longer 1 - Cu d istinc tly Sho rter [2] Hin in ein 2— Rs enti e tu u d w g v r ly b l a r ap ica l h a lf or mo re neb u lous or spectra] [ 1 ] ' in in c ro ss vein l r- m enti H d w g rely tub ul a r with one b ulla [ 1 ]

ind - - H in eins 1 Rs a nd 2 Rs o min a i in w g v f r g d st ct angle (cell RI somewhat trapez o id al b asa lly) continuo us o r n ea so ce RI int — rly ( ll p o ed or l a nceolate b asa lly) [1 ] [co d ed as m ulti state wh en d o ubtful o r intermed ia te]

in in - ° H eins 1 Cu a nd M a t a out 90 min d w g v b fo r g a d istinctly ac ute angl e forming a distinct l y ob tus e a ngl e [2] O M 1 4 N 2 2005 1 25 V LU E , UMBER ,

n inue . Table 1 . C o t d

Descripti on

Hin in ein M + Cu uni o m and ea con e or s ai s on con e conca e d w g v f r ly w kly v x, tr ght tr gly v x v [2] Hind win g vein 1 —R1 (the s h o rt section of R1 detach ed from win g ma rgin) distinc t not differenti ated [1 ] Anterior transverse ca rina of prop od eum straight or weakly and uni formly curved strongly cu e a ez oi a or acumina e me ia use i os e io ans e se ca in a a sen 3 rv d , tr p d l t d lly f d w th p t r r tr v r r b t [ ] os e io an s e se ca ina of o o eum esen e en if in e u e cent a or in icate on P t r r tr v r r pr p d pr t, v t rr pt d r lly d d ly by latera l c rest or spin es entirely ab sent [1 ] oste io t an s e se ca ina of o o eum uni o m con e ea or s on e en if ie l in e P r r r v r r pr p d f r ly v x , w kly tr gly, v br f y t r rupted centrally strongly b ell - Shap ed or trap ez oida l forming l atera l c rests formin g l ater al tub ercles O r spines n / a (ab sent) i s me asoma e ite o t and t ian u a en t ma imum i t mini m um i t ess t an F r t t l t rg Sh r r g l r , l g h / ( x w d h w d h) l h

e u a some a e on a e l / w on and s en e l / w w - r g l r, wh t l g t g ( ma x w l g l d r, g ( ma x mm) ov er [2] i s meta soma te i e i ou a aso a e a ian u a oo oo esen e en if es i ia 1 F r t l rg t w th t b l t r l tr g l r t th t th pr t, v v t g l [ ] First metasoma l tergite without an extra b aso latera l triangul a r tooth extra tooth present [ 1 ] First metasoma l tergite without d orsolatera l c a rin a p a rti a lly d evel oped compl ete [2] Spiracle of fi rst metasoma l tergite pl aced b eyond middle a t or b asa d of middle [ 1 ] T7—8 in l atera l View of simila r siz e or Sh orter than T5-6 distin ctly wid er [1 ] e a e of o i osi o in a e a ie is inc i es rea icall the no us a i in trian u Upp r v lv v p t r l t r l V w d t tly w d t p p y, d t ll , g v g g lar as ec to a e i ec easin uni o m no us ea or not e i ent a e not t ian u a p t p x w dth d r g f r ly, d w k v d , p x r g l r

Upp er v alve of ovip ositor apica lly straight or nearly so distinctly d owncurved distinctly up curv ed [2] Upp er v a lve of ovip ositor a pica lly with out serrations serrations present [1 ] Upp er v a lve with preapical notch ab sent modified structure [2] o e a e of o i osi o a ica e u a not i a e i a e an d o e a in u e a e as a L w r v lv v p t r p lly r g l r, d l t d d l t d v rl pp g pp r v lv lob e ap ica lly wid ened to cov er entire tip as a sheath [2] o e a e of o i osi o i se a ions a on enti e ti est ic e to the e ti or se a ions L w r v lv v p t r w th rr t l g r p r r t d v ry p , rr t ab sent [ 1 ] Ovip ositor tip with upp er v a lv e ap ex blunt or onl y mod erately p ointed ending in a long and na rrow p oin t [1 ] Ovip ositor j ust b asa d of apica l teeth smooth and p olish ed with a distinctly mi crosculptured area [1 ]

ti i h a in s ec ve ee a s o o . a a e 4 rec ated mo of t e a ea e p tr s , f ll ws Ch r ct r p st lr dy w kly s o en o e i ia of em a e i Ci 1 2 o m a i e a ac e to a oin e e K1 ( w ll f r t b f l ) w th f r t v ch r t rs , p t wh r 1 4 and Ri 78— 81 ; cha ra cter 42 (T1 with spi sea rches c ould ha v e mimicked unweight a c e a t or e in mi e i Ci and Ri ed ea e ic e e m o uninfor r l b h d ddl ) w th s rch s , wh h w r stly 1 00 in all im i a a m aine i K2— 3 pl ed weighting cla do m a tive . Cl d ogr s obt d w th grams; and cha ra cter 48 (l ower va lve with seem therefore to represent the best p os lobe enclo sing upp er v a lve) with Ci 33 sible resu lts with the a v a ilable information and Ri 7 a 8 o in all a o am . in the c a a e set of Ta e 2 and e au e ls cl d gr s h r ct r bl , b c s of this a re a dopted a s the preferred phy DISCUSSIO & l i ogenet c interpreta tion . P referred cladogra ms — The a mbigu ou s Gabuniina — In spite of a few differences e o a ine i K1 ea c e oin to at the a e of the e ec i e a e the r sults bt d w th s r h s p t b s r sp t v cl d , a nega tive consequence of the m a ximiz ed weighted ana lyses genera lly c orrob ora te ei i en to a few e hom o la sious the i ea a the Gabuniin a of a u o w ght g v , l ss p d th t th rs a a c e in T a o ch r t rs the ma trix . This c lea rly de might be a monophyletic group . h ey ls H O T R S 1 26 JOURNAL O F YMEN P ERA E EARCH

and on th numb er of Clyp ea l teeth (ch. e comp a ra tive length of hind wing vein

- - but i 1 Cu and crossv ein c u a (ch . th s n t o e the u en ana e is o supp rt d by c rr t lys s , with very low Ci and Ri va lues for b oth

these cha ra c ters . Relationships of Fenixia and Dine otropi — Re ea in i a e a e e ca . sults cl rly d c t th t th s a a m be a i ne to Gabuniina as de t x ust ss g d , fined in the litera ture and a s recovered

n n Din tro ica n . . d ni ia n e . a eo here . Fe x g p a o a ea to be on i an re gen . ls pp r ly d st tly a e to one ano e eac ein e o e e l t d th r , h b g r c v r d i in its own a e and i in a e w th l rg d st ct cl d , and therefore isola ted from ea ch other by th ame ime Fenixia nume ou e . e r s st ps At s t ,

for c a ac e 7 Ta e i eem m o o e e a e to La arosorna 1 . o e a a Fig . Pl tt d d t h r t r ( bl w th s s st cl s ly r l t d g e ession ines o in two istinc t ten encies u a the two o min a a e u o e r gr l Sh w g d d G pt , f r g cl d s pp rt d n ines f r the no n e centa e (concav e V S . co v ex l ) o k w p r g by an identica l set of synapom orphies of a iation of the o e in en t for the ene a v r f r w g l g h , g r S e a ion i is e i . 3 (F gs , uch r l t sh p furth r listed in Table 2 . co rrob ora ted by the fa ct tha t both these genera are known exclusively from sou th generally c onfirmed the relevance of cha r ea stern Bra zil . acters traditionally used in the litera ture The close rela tionship of the centra l n m e 4 42 and 48 Ta e 1 to e in e ma onian Dineotro ica i the e en ( u b rs , , , bl ) d f A z p w th ss and a a e i e the u i e en in su tiall Me i an Cestrus eem e i en ch r ct r z s btr b , l d g p y x c s s v d t by p o rt to Gabuniina plus a few b a sal ta xa the sharing of a unique fea ture within Ga a i u a Cera tocr tina or to a u buniina the o i o i o a e i a mi (p rt c l rly yp ) , G b , v p s t r p x w th niina minu a f w f it Th r ul t r d a a a a of a ic a s e o s ba sal taxa . e c osc p u e re just b s d p l ma e o ene i im n a e a s the in in rk d phyl g t c p orta ce of these teeth (ch . s w ll h d w g c + : haracters is a lso suggested by their c om with a weakly convex vein M Cu (ch . 33 a rativel i a ue of i n m i o e io p y h gh v l s C a d Ri . and the prop o d eu w th p st r r The e a n n e e in r m . e e e e of W. S ula is an e e c a ina on o e e o r p t d pr s c g , tr sv rs r str g, c pl t N and o e Cera toc r tina a s e at the theless the uni ene of Dineotro ica is th r yp w ll , , qu ss p a e of the Gabuniina c a e u e a e i en a t ea 9 a omor hies e ea b s l d s gg sts th t v d t by l st p p , r p t is ou or os s i the enu Wuda as edl ec o e for i en in all K1 — 3 th gr p , p bly g s y r v red th s g us a o e ma e esen a a s a mem e of a 4 o am i . wh l , y r pr t b l b r cl d gr s (F gs , Gabuniina r it i o s e a a . The i i , s st r t x mpl ed weighting res ults a lso suppo rt the sugges DESCRIPTIO NS O F NEW TAXA tion of Gupta and Gupta (1 983) tha t the ” Fenixi a i a n . en . Agu r, g genera o f Gabuniina appea r to form two — 1 2 Figs . 8 distinct groups b ased on the presence / a senc e o f the eu a in C — c a a . 6 Ta e T e s ecies Fenixia curta uia b pl r l r ( h , bl yp p Ag r , by T is c a ac e s o e i a ues f h h r t r h w d h gh v l o rnonotypy and present d esignation . — Ci 66 1 00 a nd — — — ( ) Ri (91 1 00) on all cla d o Description Fore wing 6 3 1 0 7 mm am s, s u es in a Gabuniina i a o n . on ine anu o e i a o gr gg t g th t w th l g Fr s f ly gr l s , w th sh rt e a a ina m pl ur l c r a y repres ent a m onophy median c a rina d evelop ed near anterior

' a f ie ou . u a and u a 1 983 a o o e us on . eu ea on e l gr p G pt G pt ( ) ls c ll ly Clyp s w kly c v x , mo e o ec e en a the a e un r pr j t d v tr lly, p x tr 1 4 N 2 2005 1 27 VOLUME , UMBER ,

i ia ma . a e and i a m e ian oo . Man e e om on and on o e c t w th d t th d bl p s ll (vs l g str g) , f r a a i a a in in 4- R in i as on a s o oo s e S uo u . a c e l g b s l w dth, d rs l t th w g v s s (vs str ght) , ll

i i a a in + R - on a s ent a oo . O c a 1 2 S a e and en a ona 2r m and l g v r l t th c p t l c r l rg p t g l , E mi - — mee in h ostoma l a ina . o a o 3r m c on e en 2 1 A not ea in in t g yp c r p sh rt v rg t, r ch g w g n l a and ea in m a in and o i i and a . Ster au us o o ea e S o we k sh rp r ch g rg , v p s t r sh th v ry h rt, i nemia a ina i in n a in ia i a . a ti v a n . m ddle c ox Ep c l c r d st ct s lo g s h d b ( s . s lo g) in i i a on en i e ei of meSO leurum . o n to the C a i ana e Fenixia l g t r h ght p H d Acc rd g l d st c lys s , margin of metano tum without proj ections a lso seems rela ted to the symp a tric genu s

on ea i e of o e m . ea be La arosoma u a om i it c an be ch s d p stscut llu Ar g G pt , fr wh ch

' tween m etanotum and prop o d eum mo d isola ted by the Clyp eus ma rgin with one eratel ee na o o min a o i e oo a en in La arosorna o e in y d p , rr w , f r g p l sh d t th ( bs t g ) , f r w g m a n a 2— u i in n 2 - m u . eu s o n s ooth tro gh Prop od l g s C d st ctly lo ger tha cu a (vs .

- i a n a . mu i e . o o ea a e o e o e o e crossvein 1 cu a e o e w d Pr p d l sp r cl v l l g t ch sh rt r) , v ry cl s m i n r + n . n far e a a ina a e o o e o o o o i e 1 M RS vs . om a e e Pl ur l c r bs t Pr p d u fr t pp s t ( fr b s ) , c ll ll + of b a sal c a rina pun cta te and a utaceous; 1 2RS higher than wide (vs . wid er than in a a a ina an e u u i 2r- an r- e e o e s d 3 s a o am e en . b h d b s l c r tr sv rs ly r g l s h gh) , b ut s l gth (vs i a r- x x l a in a a n . i in to o e . u taco a e 3 s on e and a a a ina of rug s J c r bs t Ap c l d st ctly l g r) , b s l c r ina of o o e m in i in r in i o um n an a o o e o d i in . in i c r pr p d u d st ct, d pr p d str g d st ct (vs d s

in . c ated by wea k la tera l crests . t ct or absent) O ther distinctive cha ra cter FO re wing cell 1 + 2RS ab ou t as long as sta tes are indica ted on the resp ectiv e cla d

- i of e o i m a i e hi e an o am i . 2 5 and k e to neo o i a w dth pt r st g a, l ttl gh r th gr (F gs , ) y tr p c l i in 2r- m n r- i e o e a d 3 m i n ene a e o . w d , cr ss v s d st ctly g r , b l w n Ram ll o e en a ou a me en . e us c v rg t, b t s l gth

Fenixi a c urta i a n . S . r v in 1 u - Agu r, p absent . C oss e c a slightly but dis — 1 2 i . 8 tin tl a a f i + in in F gs c y b s d o v e n 1 M Rs . H d w g ein 1 - Cu en f r v in — 2 — v l gth o c oss e cu a; Description F em a l e (h o l o typ e) . F o r e 1 ea in th i n A r ch g e d sta ce to wing win g mm l ong . Clyp eus weakly con i i ma in . o e a in em a e m o e a e vex mo e o e e en a the a e rg F r t b f l d r t ly , r pr j ct d v tr lly, p x

o en . ou e m n f all a i Man sw ll F rth s g e t o t rs deeply trunca te and with a m edian tooth . i o e . i m a m b l b d F rst et s o a l tegite with a dis dibl e teeth of equa l length . O ccipital ca ri in a e a ian u a oo a t the a e na low and S a ou ou oin in the t ct l t r l tr g l r t th b s ; h rp thr gh t, j g o o a e a ca ina a n i d rs l t r l r bse t; sp ra cle exactly wea kly ra ised hypostomal c arina b el ow . a t mi e e ni e a o the en of ono m : e omia ea a and S o ddl ; st r t b ut l gth Pr tu p w k, sh rp , h rt, tergite . O vip ositor a s long as hind tib distin ct only in b etween d ors al and ven ia o e in e on m e a oma for a of a e o m a a ea e in e omia in , pr j ct g b y d t s h lf tr l y ll w rks; r b h d p , its own en o i o i o ea a ou et een e o i e i on i u ina l gth; v p s t r sh th b t b w y ll w str p s , w th l g t d l as on a s in i i f n a . Me n um : n ta uli ee co o e a e o ru ulosit . o o o l g h d t b L w r v lv g y s t d p , o i o i o i a ea to i in suba i e in o e io en in i on i v p s t r w th w k d st ct p v rg g p st r rly , bl d g w th l g c al lobe tha t p a rtly enclo ses upp er va lve; tudin a l rugulosities on and behin d centra l a e i p x w th 8 teeth . yellow sp o t; nota uli and rugulos ities end Et molo — A e e ence t th i - u y gy r f r o e c ty o f in g fa r from scuto scu tella r groove . Sc é ni a ana a i the c o ec in M i nu m o a te ll u m m ic ro u nc ta te . e e e F x (P r , Br z l) , ll t g l c l p s p st r it f r n f the a a o o e o e . in e o i ue i a e on e o a y p r typ s f ly bl q ly str g t , str g r d rs lly; - Th COrnrnents . e genu s runs to Dagathia epicnemia l c a rina entirely distin ct; ster ame on in the k e o i e To ne na ulus on inuou i in om C r y pr v d d by w s str gly s s , d st ct fr 1 970 for the o ene a of Gabuniin a e i nemia a in a to a e of in o a ( ) w rld g r , p c l c r b s h d c x ; but can be. isolated from this O rienta l ge without any indica tion of a d epression be nu s a in man i M a by h v g d ble teeth of equa l tween s tern aulus and Sp ec ulum . et i e vs . en a oo a i um e on e eu on en e u u o e . o o e s z ( v tr l t th l ttl l g r) , pl r d s ly r g l s Pr p d 1 28 JO URNAL O F HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH

ubt : A rt A r thereutina Bar a ac e ma i for se ecte ta a of Cr tini . Su i es S , o ; c, Bar Table 2 . Ch r t r tr x l d x yp btr b ( ) g g C ulina Cr Cr tina Gabn Gabun iin a Glod Glodianina o ceratina ert Ceratocr tina oes Coes ; , ; , ; , ; , ; , yp ; C , yp yp G ry y

Mes t Mesostenina O s r O s r nchotina . o mo ism Gor hina L mn L meonina Meln Melanocr tina; , ; , yp ; y , y ; , yp p p y P ly rph

1 2 c 02 d 03 . a, 01 ; b, ; , ; ,

Species

Agonocryptus discoidaloides 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 a 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 7 9 7 7 7 9 9 7 7 7 0 0 2 0 0 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 a 2 2 1 1 1 1 Ahilya bicornigera 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 O Amrapalia multimaculata 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 2 2 0 1 0 1 0 b1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 O Anepomias splendidus 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 a 0 0 1 — 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 O Apocryptus praeciarus 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 O Arhytis maculiscutis 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 C 0 1 1 2 a 0 0 1 — 0 1 0 a 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 ‘— Cestrus calidus 0 0 0 0 0 l

1 — Cryptohelcostiz us alamedensis 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 . a 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 O Dagathia multimacula ta 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 a 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 O Digonocryptus crassip es 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 a 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 O 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 . 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 Dineotropica li s s a n . Sp 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 Dinocryptus niger 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 O Eurycryptus fondamenta lis 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 O

. 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 Fenixia curta n Sp . 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 O

— Gabunia ruficoxis 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 ar 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 O

Gerdius cinctus 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 O

Hack erocryptus d entatus 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 — 2 — O 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 — 0 0 0 2 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 O Hadr r oc yp tus Sp . 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 O Kriegeria heptaz onata 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C 0 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 — 0 1 0 C 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 O Lagarosoma assitum 0 0 0 2 1 0 2 1 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 0 1 — 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 O Lophoglutus boucek i 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 — 2 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 2 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 O Micros tenus canaliculatus 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 O — 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 O

Nesolinoceras ornatipennis 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 — 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 O

a z i — Ph r tes Sp . 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 O Prosthoporus terani 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 0 1 — 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 O

Pterocryptus uchidai 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 0 a 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 O

Schreineria nn — 2 a ulata 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 2 0 0 a 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 O Spatha cantha apicallis 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 1 — 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 O

Tanepomidos assamensis 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 a 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 0 0 a a 1 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 O

Torbda geniculata 1 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 a 0 1 1 — 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 O

Tr h — yp a atriceps 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 a 0 0 O

' Xanthoc ryptus v esicul osus 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 — 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 O

Xoride — sopus Sp . 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 O Xoridesopus verticalis 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 O " Agrothereutes abbreviatus 1 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O

A roth r g e eutes Sp . 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O Gambrus incubitor 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O Tr h yc osis neglecta 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O

Bar cero — y s texanus 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 2 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 a 0 1 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 O A rix nuta p torius 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 a 1 a 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 O Cera tocryp tus bitubercula tus 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 O

a mu a reli ua Ch l q 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 a a 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 O o io a uste u s L r r 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 a 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Trach lutu yg s polychromus 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 — 0 2 0 0 2 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 W ud a S ingula ris 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 2 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0

Coesula fulvi es — p 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 a 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Caenoc r tus Shik ok u yp ensis 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 a 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Do tocr t b yp us ellicosus 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0

l schnu s i n uis i o ius q t r 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 a 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Lanu o e ento g r t r 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 O O 1 4 N 2 2005 1 29 V LUME , UMBER ,

n inue . Table 2 . C o t d

Species

Cryp Trachysphyrus cleonis Cryp Trachysphyrus cyanipennis Cryp Trachysphyrus lachn aels Cryp Trachysphyrus tucman Cryp Xylophrurus disp a r

Glod Glodianus Sp . G ory Buodias longidentatu s G ory Buodiasrufic oxis

G ory Biodias Sp . G ory Goryp hus b asila ris Go ry Goryphus comm unis G ory Listrognathus pubescens G ory Necolio imp erialis

G ory Necolio Sp . Lymn Bicryp tella v era Lymn Lymeon orbus Lymn Pachysomoides fulvus Lymn Polycyrtidea flavopicta

Meln Melanocryp tus Sp . A B Meln Melanocryp tus Sp . Mest Mesostenus transfuga O spr O sprynchotus gigas

Corrected sp elling for Agrothereutes abbrevia tor accordin g to Hors tmann

i n i in na ion a s e i e sca rc ely p lo se; a ter orly sha llowly punc a pica l notch . W g ve t d scr b d a n a n i n e e a e o an e e a i a the for the en . t t r t r r tr sv rs c r , g us

un u min — n m m a i p ct res b eco g progressively more Color. Hea d a d eso so a bl ck w th

a : sca rce towa rds a xilla ry trough; thi s a rea yellow m a rks; m eta soma reddish . He d a o i in and en e a a eo a e e i e fla ellomeres 1 — 3 and ba s ls d st ctly d s ly lut c us; sc p , p d c l , g , h a ea o e io to an e e a ina an al of a a e of 4t 5— 8 en i e r p st r r tr sv rs c r tr s bl ck; p x , t r ly , versel u o e i a e ea o a al and mo of e o 1 0— 1 3 a o n y r g s ; sp r cl w kly v l , st y ll w; d rk br w , mo st circular; anterior transverse ca rina 1 4 to apic a l entirely brown; 28 fl a gell o l ow ai e e ea a e cen m e e o a on o an enn ae the a i a , str ght, xc pt w kly rch d r s t t l b th t , p c l trally; prop o dea l ap o dem e represented by one modera tely c ompressed and p rotrud low a in a n n i a an e o om e e o e e of a e a e o S o ed a t a e . O c r c t r l t r l y ll w p t; p x rb t l b d y ll w , c pl t

e a a in in : a ll r i i in u e a t o om pl ur l c r a distinct . Legs p eap except very br efly terr pt d b tt cal tarsom r M m : in n i i f ena ven e es deeply bil ob ed . eta so a of eye; ta k g e t re w dth o g T1 o o - a e a a ina i in on om trall a ua na o in o a to as d rs l t r l c r d st ct ly fr y, gr d lly rr w g d rs lly spira cle to apic a l ma rgin; T1 — 4 very fin ely na rrow a s the distance b etw een eye microscul tured mu on e and m a ma in and oc c i i a a ina a t em e p , ch str g r tt rg p t l c r t pl ; on T2; then gra dua lly changing from a lu width a t frons and fa ce ab out intero taceou s on T5 to a m o aished moo cula r i a n e a e mo e o a l st p s th d st c ; f c stly y ll w , p rtly on T8; T8 wea kly to strongly conv exly fusing with yellow of orbita l band; Clype o n - i i u i i a a a i o a in e e o on i ina . O o o s e o e e f ld d c tr l g tud lly v p s t r y ll w , w th w d bl ck r s l t g shea th dila ted and sp oon - S ha p ed on its it from yellow of face and o rbita l b and; a i a o e a e of o i o i o i a o e o on a um a e o a in p c l l w r v lv v p s t r w th ls y ll w l br , l rg sp t t k g 8 a ic a ee u e a e i in sub a a of m an i e and a ia and m ax p l t th; pp r v lv w th t y b s l d bl , l b l JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH 1 30

GABN F nw ur n. S . 22 26 27 33 e a c ta p 1 1 0 $I 2 l S l 7 I8 20 23 25 38 39 GABN Lagarosoma ass num 0 2 l 2 l 0 2 I I 0 ABN Eury cryp tus fonda menta li s

BNMl c rostenus ca nalic ula tus I 0 2

GABN Cestrus calidas

i S . GABNDineotrop ic a l ssa n. p o 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 o Smg ula rls lllllll GAENAnep omias splendidus

O O O I

GABN (30 Genera)

GABN Feni xia ur n. S . GLO D Glodianus Sp. c ta p

I I O O I B Ba r ceros texa nus GABN Laga rosoma ass itum ARC y o z 1 2 1 o z 1 1 o

GABN Eury c ryptus fonda menta lis

0 0 0 0 l l Mic ros tenus ca na lic ula tus

0 0 0 0 0 tel/a vera

Chamula reliqua GABN Cestrus ca hdus P Dotocrvptus beIhc os us

‘ ’ ‘ S ’ GABN DHI LO HO PICCI Izssa 1 . P Trachyglutus polychromus 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 0

1 1 1 1 GABNAnep omias splendidus

30 Genera)

— inin the ene a Fenixia 2 7 . um m n e c on a i s . S a of c a es con ainin the Gabuniina of au t o s a d c a s F g ry l d t g h r , l d t g g r 2 a es om the s ic and DineotrO ica ese e on t ees o ain e i im ie ei in sea c es . p , pr rv d r bt d w th pl d w ght g r h , Cl d fr tr t 4 Same cons ensus of 3 ee ain i m f r ion of ree con a ini n Fenixia . s o e sea c es for K 2 . 3 Sa e o sec tr bt d w th r h , , t t t g , , f r K 3 e au for Dineotro ica . 5 a es om the s ic c onsensus of 29 ees o a ine i sea c es o p , Cl d fr tr t tr bt d w th r h (d f lt in i a e c a ac e s a ue . 6 Sam f r The a o s c e o section f t e n 7 am f r Dineotro ica . o e co ainin Fenixia . S e o v l ) , , r t g , , p rr w d t h r t r t a i iona use t in he su t i n : BAR B ar ceratina RT Cer o e e t e Gabuniin a . Su t i e a e ia io s ; , r d t lly d d f b r b b r b bbr v t C , y CE a toc r tin a GABN Gabuniina ; , ; Gl odianin a YMN L meonin a . yp GLOD , ; L , y

ill ar a i e e for o n a i a a ti en i e a i a ou e e m a a ea y p lp , xc pt br w p c l r t r ly; x ll ry tr gh xc pt s ll r

c le . Mes o om a a e e e o a s fol m e a a e u ian u a o on ea s bl ck, xc pt y ll w s lly; l rg s btr g l r sp t ch low : oa an on ono um a on an i e o f o o eu m e in o s e i o br d b d pr t l g s d p r p d , b h d p t r r terior a nd en a m a in en in dis an e e a ina ea c one a o u a s v tr l rg s , d g tr sv rs c r , h b t tinctl e o e eac i n i and o e o o ne i e a s o o ea i . e s : o e y b f r r h g p st r r c r r , w d pr p d l w dth L g f r a e in e u e en o — an e io and a mi d o ae e e m e a l a e e o b r ly t rr pt d c tr t r rly , c x , xc pt s l y, p l y ll w ,

“ m o e a e i e an on en a of a e o o o - a a a t e e of o a d r t ly w d b d c tr l l rg sp t d rs b s lly , l v l d rs l o so - a e a m a in ; i fu e ma s on ar ti ul ation of in o a e l o in d r l t r l rg d f s d rk c h d c x , y l w; h d o s e num a a l ; a e e a on a o o a t o an e an d em u red - o n pr t r b s ly l rg h x g l sp t c x , r ch t r f r br w ; a in a ou 30% o f meso eu on all sub o e an d m id t o c an e em o a an d ba s t k g b t pl r ; f r r h t rs, f r , ala um and e u a ; sm a s o o al on itarsom ere e l o i o n it a c i r t g l ll p t d rs ly y l w sh br w , w h bl k sh S p e c ul m — u ; c entra l subc ircu la r s p o t on m e c entra lly; a ll tibia e an d ta rsom eres 1 4 of

1 1 — b etween a rea o f conv ergenc e hind leg golden yello w; ta rsomeres 3 5 of cu e l um a nd o — sc u e l um o e an d mid e s an d a ic a tarso mere of s t l p st t l f r l g , p l 1 4 N 2 2005 1 31 VOLUME , UMBER ,

— f i s i o e . . 1 Ti o o o i u ta n . . : Ha itu e t . 9 o o eum o sa 0 i s . 8 1 8 . Fen xia c Ho ot e 9 8 s F g r Sp l yp , b , l f , Pr p d , d r l , p v p t r, l ft — n tr ica lissa n . . i . 1 1 . Di eo o 2 Ri hin in am a a e . s 3 8 a a e 9 : 1 1 Ri o e in . 1 s e P r typ , ght f r w g , ght d w g , p r typ F g p Sp Ti of o i osi o i i nd a t e . 1 6 1 a . 4 um a . 1 5 os o a s e Ho ot e 9 . 3 H itus e 1 o o e o s l yp , b , l ft , Pr p d , d r l , Ov p t r h h , l ft , p v p t r,

au a Ma rc na to . . Ri in i n . a in s ci o e t 1 7 Ri o e in . 1 8 l f , ght f r w g , ght h d w g Dr w g by Gl 1 32 JOURNAL O F HYMENOPT ERA RE SEARCH

2 M n e e e 4 . XI M a om a a red e a m in e o m o V , in le a o n . e , ( ) , h d g, d rk br w t s d rk x d fr t rd n a i a se a c e ac e a o n and in ba sa l segments da rker tha p c l g bl k r pl d by d rk br w , h d m O i o i o c o a i ou e o S o . e a e om ments; c orners of T1 yellowish . v p s t r x w th t y ll w p t F l fr in h 551 0 o é dos in ai i o i osi o da rk red; shea ths d a rk brown . W gs y J s P h s w th v p t r

S ea e o on inn e u a e . a line . h th y ll w r s rf c — o and o o E t molo — o m the a in c urtus Male Genera l mo rphol gy c l r y gy Fr L t , imi a to ema e e e for e o one meanin o ; in e e enc e to the en s l r f l , xc pt y ll w t s g sh rt r f r l gth

i S ea . c lea r and bright; orbita l b and no t inter of the ovip o s tor h th ibution records — So e n a n d rupted; face and Clyp eus entirely yellow; D is tr uth r

i e o T1 a i a m a r ou ea e n a i SC PR SP . speculum ent rely y ll w; p c l s th st r Br z l ( , , ) Ma e om gin with distinc t yellow stripe . l fr i Dineo tro ic a a n . en . p Agu r, g Agua Funda with yellow m a rks a ls o on 1 3— 1 8 Fi . meso e num nea a e of o a and a on gs st r , r b s c x l g T e s ecies — Dineotro ica lissa uia s ternaulus . yp p p Ag r ,

by m onot and present d esigna tion . — ypy H e DZUP N. Material 1 5 9 9 2 d d . o o 9 , l typ ” — in mm n — escri tion o e o . mann le . Teutoni a B asi / 1 967 . Plau D p F r w g l g r l XI , F g “ SC B asi — on m oo i a S o me ian c a ina a at es : DZUP: 9 9 N. Teu onia / P r yp , t , , r l XI Fr s s th, w th h rt d r ” ” i a e ha PR Plaumann le . ossa 1 967 F . , ; ( ) , , a e i a g P Gr V l V l d ev elop ed centra lly only . F c w th

v n . 1 8 Le . E t Rese a A AR BR 376 B asi 1 5 . . 9 6 rv I P , , r l , IX , - strong U S ha p ed fold from one antenn a l PRO FAUPAR Ma a is e 3 s ec imens s a me , l ( p ) ; , u fla t a i a o amen to the o e . e f r th r Clyp s , p c l X . 1 am 1 1 . . 1 9 un iai d ul PR Fa 06 . 986 s e 86 o S ; , VIII ; J d , , m a in n i o m u n c a e , a i c a . 1 9 Lev . Ent. PR z en a Monte e e B asi 24 . 86 O tr t p l rg u f r ly d V rd , r l , XI ,

- XI I . 1 9 a i a n u n i u a me ian FAUPAR Ma aise 2 s ec imens same 1 5 . 86 e e e o , l ( p ); , ; bl d l k , tr sl c t , w th t d Sao osé dos in ais PR Se a do Mar BR 277 Km , , , , Man i a n a a a J P h rr tooth . d ble s lo g s b s l

4 B a i . . . 5 s 1 6 1 987 Lev Ent . PRO FAUPAR Mal , r l , III , , i en a oo i in on e an ” ” w dth , v tr l t th d st ctly l g r th

ise u iti a PR 2 . . 7 a 8 1 9 6 . a ; C r b , , CI , XII V Gr f in h ” “ o a oo . O c ci i a ca in a mee l u iti a P B d rs l t th p t l r t g y e R a . m ; si 09 . 1 978 . Giaco el g C r b , , r l , XI , F

s t m a l c a in a . E mia and ea . le o om o PR EMBRAPA BR 475 Km 20 o o r o S hort w k g C l b , , , , , p p

B a i 22 . . Ent. P s 1 986 Lev . RO FAUPAR Ma aise Sternaulu s S a and ea in mi e r l , IX , , l h rp r ch g ddl ” ” eni PR a A . . uma ai col 9 , , , ; , i n i na u in o s e i F x F K g co a . em a a i ” x Ep c l c r c rv g p t r B um enau S B a V . C si a le . MZUP: d Sao l , , r l , Gr f g in orly and ending nea r suba la rum . H d au o A ua un a P . S 21 . 1 7 Z . 96 u so D . P l , g F d , , VIII , C r m a in of m e ano um e u a but on rg t t r g l r , fr t Variability — G enera l m orpho logy : ru m a rgin of prop od eum with str ong tooth gulo sity la tera lly on pronotum so metim es like proj ec tions towa rds ea ch side of e ea o o ea a o eme om e ea e een m e ano um v ry w k; pr p d l p d s p o sts cu tellum . Ar b tw t t ime en i e a en not e en in i a e and o o eum m o e a e ee i e in t s t r ly bs t , v d c t d pr p d d r t ly d p , w d a s a low c a ina ; me a eu on om e ime e een oo - i e o ec ion na o lat r t pl r s t s b tw t th l k pr j t s , rr w ense i o e . o o : Ye o m a an e e a of it o min a o i e moo d ly p l s C l r ll w y ch g r d , f r g p l sh d s th to a e e o or a m o i e in ma u eum a o u a s on a s p l y ll w l st wh t s ll tro gh . Prop o d b t l g e imens e en ion of e o n ; o a c e i e . o o ea i a c e a e e on a e . sp c xt s y ll w f w d Pr p d l sp r l l rg , l g t and c eu i a ia e om en i e eu a c a ina on i os i e lyp s h ghly v r bl , fr t r ly Pl r l r str g, w th cr s r dg s and on inuous e o in em a e om a on it um n i e ol c t ly y ll w f l fr l g s length . Prop od e e t r ly p Mon e e e 1 5 . XII t V rd ( ) to widely blac k in ished smooth; b oth anterior and p osterio r e een ese a ea o min a n M or ns b tw th r s , f r g tra verse c a rina e c onspicuo u s and com ” i u e, a s in ema e om umen H f g r f l fr Bl au . plete; the anterior c a rina regula r and o P e num en i e ac to m os el ome a a umina e the o e io c a ina r st r t r ly bl k tly y s wh t c t , p st r r r low ; e o on s ecu um a in om mo e o ec e en a a e a e an y ll w p l v ry g fr r pr j t d c tr lly, l t r lly xp d sm a o o sa to e o on its ed in o a s om ux ll sp t d r lly y ll w t ewha t transluc ent crest . J do s a s a e an d si e o f e o a ea on ta c oxal c a in a s n r l h p z y ll w r r tro g but sma ll . eu ron i a ia e a in u to o e in + h ghly v r bl , t k g p F r w g c ell 1 2RS ab ou t a s long a s f its s u ace a ea . O n sm a es ema e i of e o i ma a ou i e rf r ll t f l w dth pt r st g , b t w d r O 1 4 N 2 2005 1 33 V LUME , UMBER ,

- n - i i an i e crossveins 2r m a d 3r m a ble as for the en e i ion . O a th h gh r, p g us d scr pt cc p t l m n o ima e a a e a ou S a e e . a ina low a nd S a ou ou oinin pr x t ly p r ll l , b t l gth c r h rp thr gh t , j g Cr ssv ein 1 - a i in Ram ellus a en . o bs t cu d st ct the wea kly raised hypos toma l ca rina . + ly but shortly b a sa d of 1 M Rs . Hind win g Pr o no tum en tir ely p o li sh ed sm o o th ; ein 1 - Cu en of crossvein — a ; e omia on S a S o an e e . v l gth cu p str g , h rp , h rt, tr sv rs — i ein 2 1 A en in e nea n ma in . Me ono m : notauli an e io i in on v d g v ry r w g rg s tu t r rly d st ct,

i ia in ema e i in o en . Fo re t b f l d st ctly sw ll p o sterio r half wea kly c onvergent and Fourth segm ent of all ta rsi mo dera tely to u e to en e on i ina ru ulosities f s d d s l g tud l g , i m ma i i . t deeply b lobed F rst eta so l terg te a which end at scu to- S cutella r groove; me a e i a a e a l an e i ou a tri b s w th l t r l f g , w th t sonotum otherwise wea kly a luta ceou s . an a oo o o a e a a ina a en gul r t th; d rs l t r l c r bs t; Scu tellum with microp unctures deriv ed en o - a e a a ina e en m o e i in v tr l t r l c r pr s t, r d st ct M i num l from wea k pil osity . esep ster po a i a e on i a e; i a e a t a a p c lly, b y d sp r cl sp r cl b s l ished smoo th; epicnemia l c a rina endin g on o u e an ; e ni e a ou str gly pr t b r t st r t b t nea not a t subalarum sternaulu s r , but , ; i i the en of e i e . O o o l gth t rg t v p s t r on inuou S a and na o om str gly s s , h rp rr w fr as on as in i ia o e in e on l g h d t b , pr j ct g b y d epicnemia l ca rina to ba se of hind coxa; meta soma for 5 times its own length; ovi withou t any in dic ation of a depression be p osito r shea th ab out a s lon g a s hin d M a tween sternaulus and sp ecu lum . et i i f i i i a i t b a . L ower v a lve o ov p os tor w th d s e on m o o i e m oo i pl ur stly p l sh d s th, w th tin ct sub apica l lob e tha t enclo ses m o st of wea k transverse rugulosities on its p o ste upp er va lve; apex with 9 teeth . rior Prop odeum m ostly p olished E t molo — o m the ee d nos y gy Fr Gr k y , m oo a e i o e; i a e a e and meanin a e in e e en e to the o s th, sc rc ly p l s sp r cl l rg g l rg , r f r c b dy e on a e; an e io and o e io an e e Si e and in o ma e e en e to the Neo l g t t r r p st r r tr sv rs z , f r l r f r c ca inae on and om e e; an e io ca o i a e ion e e the S e ie was col r str g c pl t t r r tr p c l r g , wh r p c s l rina cro ssing S ha ft b etw een prop o deum ected . and m e ano m en in on a ina ian Comments — The genus runs to Ces trus t tu , d g c r l tr le o e io a ina a e a ome a Townes in the k ey provided by Townes g ; p st r r c r l t r lly s wh t a i e o min a e en in on eu a 1 970 for the o ene a of Gabuniina r s d , f r g cr st , d g pl r l ( ) w rld g r , ll a ina i is on om e e . e : a but c an be isola ted from it by ha vin g a c r , wh ch str g , c pl t L gs M m rea ical tarsom eres ee i o e . e e o e omia . on o o eu v ry sh rt p (vs l g) , pr p d p p d ply b l b d u mo in n an in tasoma : i me a om a e i e i a e f lly s oth fro t d b eh d b oth f rst t s l t rg t , sp r cl n u u in and e ni e a s in the enu e i ion tra sverse ca rina e (V S . r g lose be st r t g s d scr pt ; t een a inae e io e e on a e a mo T1 i a few un u e cen a o e w c r ) , p t l l g t , l st w th p ct r s tr lly , th r ai in nd i i i m T2 i a str ght la tera l View (vs . short a d s w se p ol shed s ooth; w th we k tinc tl en en a e io a i a e in o i ue ea e T3— 8 o i e moo y b t c tr lly) , p t l r sp r cl bl q cr s s; p l sh d s th, a e a i n e u o a V S . e e e en e o e e o o en i o i . l t r l V w f lly d rs l ( c t r d) , d s ly c v r d by sh rt g ld p l s ty o e in in 2- Cu nea f h a m f r w g v e rly o t e s e O vip o sitor v a lves and shea th as in the ge en of cr v in 2 - i in oss e cu a V S . in ena ion as d e l gth ( d st ctly nus description . W g v t on e a eo e u ua a e ro svein ) , , c s s l g r r l t s bq dr t scrib ed for the genu s . 2r- m and r- m 3 nea a a v . i rly p r llel ( s d stinct olor — ea : ca e e o e i e fla C H d s p y ll w; p d c l , l en a ona 2r- m and 3r- m on y p t g l, str gly ellomeres 1 — 2 and a a of a g , b s l bl ck; on e en an e io ein 2- M mu c v rg t t r rly) , v ch a e o f 4— 1 0 en i e and mo of 1 1 p x t r ly, st n n - M n a f m o e t a 3 ( . e o a e th l g r h vs rly s yellow; 1 2 to apica l entirely d a rk brown; en t and e m ar fn i ou a l g h) , clyp us g w th t 22 fla ellomeres o a the a i a one m od g t t l , p c l o . u ua i t oth (vs s lly w th a tooth) . era tely c o mp r e ss e d a nd p r o tr u d e d a t

Dineo tro i c a lis s a ia n . S . i a an e c m e e ex a e . O o o p Agu r, p p x rb t l b d y ll w , pl t 1 — 1 Figs . 3 8 cept very briefly in terrupted a t b o ttom of escri tion — m e e a in en i e i of ena na o D p Fe ale (Holo type) . Fore y ; t k g t r w dth g ; rr w in m n M n i in a th dis w g m long . Clyp eu s a d a d g d orsa lly to a s na rrow s e 1 34 JOU RNAL O F HYMENOPT ERA RESEARCH

ma in and o i i a a e a m a in u e and c on inu ou T8 tance b etween eye rg cc p t l l t r l rg s , f s d t s; a ina at em e a e c eus and la a i e o i e on en a ma in c r t pl ; f c , lyp , bl ck w th y ll w str p v tr l rg i a O i o i o a e i o n brum entirely yellow; labia l and ma x ll ry only . v p s t r d rk r dd sh br w ; n i nis man i e a a o a e ea a o n . n i o ni p a lpi brow h; d bl b s lly r g , sh ths d rk br w W gs w th br w sh a inc u in ro m . its ee a . Me os o in t th bl ck s , l d g p t t

— n a e o s a . odeum e i o Male Un no n . p , r dd sh br w , d rk r d r lly k w Legs reddish brown except yellowish to Material — Ho o e 9 DZUP u o eto l typ O r Pr , a i a e e o o e to in i ia e; ’ ” ” y ll w f r h d t b t rs d rk r - ? - ia l d O este RO 1 2 I 1 987 . s e o e o Po , , { } , CEl , g ; Pr j t Me a oma a T1 om a e to a e . ; fr b s p x t s bl ck lonoroeste . a red on a a a a ica i d rk b s l bl ck p lly, w th n a of a i a ma r E t molo — o m the a in lissos yellow sp ot on ce tr l p c l y gy Fr L t ,

— in T2 6 a i e o i e on a i m eanin o i e , m oo ; in e e en e to g ; bl ck, w th y ll w str p p g p l sh d s th r f r c cal and a e a ma in a i a i e in e the o cu u e . l t r l rg s , p c l str p t r b dy s lpt r ru ted a e a no t u e to a e a i e istribution record — o e e n B ra p l t r lly , f s d l t r l str p ; D N rthw st r

T7 a i e o i e on a i a and z il RO . bl ck , w th y ll w str p p c l ( )

KEY TO GENERA O F NEO TRO PICAL GABUNIINA

eu a c a ina esen e en if incom e e Pl r l r p r t, v pl t Pl eu ra l c a rin a ab sent

Hin d w ing v ein 1 - Cu d istinctly l ong er th an c rossvein cu - a ; Clyp ea l margin c entr a lly norma lly w ith one or two sm a ll teeth Hind w ing vein 1 —Cu nea rly the sa me l ength or d istin ctly s h orter th an crossvein c u—a; Clyp ea l margin centr a lly with out a sma ll tooth

O vip ositor j ust b as a d of a p ica l teeth sm ooth ; fo re win g c rossvein s 2r—m and 3r- m more or ess a a e ; o e in ein 2— Cu nea as on a s or s o e an crossvein 2cu— a l p r ll l f r w g v rly l g , h rt r th ; in in M+ h d w g v ein Cu strongly conv ex Digonocryptus Viereck O i i v p os tor j ust b asa d of ap ica l teeth with a d istinctly microsculptured a r ea; fore w in g crossv in 2 - - e s r m and 3r m d istinctly conv ergent to w a rd anterior margin of w ing; fore — in i - w g v e n 2 Cu distinctly l on g er th an crossvein 2cu a; h ind w in g v ein M+ Cu w eakly

’ CO I IV QX Cestrus To wnes

os e io ans e se c a ina of o o eum com e e s on o i osi o us as ad of P t r r tr v r r p r p d pl t , tr g; v p t r j t b

a ica ee i i - p l t th w th d stin ctly mic rosculptured area; fo re w ing crossvein 1 cu a v ery nar

rowl as a f 1 M+ R - - y b d o s; fo re w in g v ein 2 M muc h l ong er th an v ein 3 M; fore w ing

ein 2Cu i on e an crossvein 2cu - a n . v Sl ghtly l g r th Dineotropica n . ge os e io ans e se ca ina f P t r r tr v r r o pro p o d eum ab sent; ov ip ositor j ust b asa d of a p ic a l teeth smoo o e in cros v in 1 — th; f r w g s e cu a b asa d of 1 M+ Rs b y its own l ength ; fo re win g - ei n 2 M i in - v d st ctly S h orter th an v ein 3 M; fo re w ing v ein 2Cu muc h s h orter th an c rossvein 2 u—a c Pros thoporus Po rter

ea ma in cen a i Clyp l rg tr lly w th out a sma ll tooth ; fir st meta soma l tergite somew h at el on a e ma imum en ma imum — g t , x l gth / ( x width minimum w idth) a b out ea ma in cen a i Clyp l rg tr lly w th one or two sma ll teeth ; first metasom a l tergite rel a tiv ely

s o and rian u a ma imum en ma im — h rt t g l r , x l gth / ( x um width minimum w idth) a b ou t 25 — 3 0

o o eum o is e u , nsc u u e en i e devoid d f ~ Pr p d p l h d lpt r d , t r ly e o c a rina e; h in d w in g v ein 1 Cu

so m — e a s o e an cro v in - wh t h rt r th ss e cu a ; fo re w ing cros svein 1 cu a b a sa d of 1 M + RS

its n - e o e in ein 2 Cu i - by l gth ; f r w g v w th ab out same l ength a s c rossv ein 2cu a;

- o e in ein 2 M a o im — f r w g v pp r x ately as l ong as v ein 3 M Tr ha To wnes P yp o o e u - m anu ose to anu ose s ia e the an e i r p d gr l gr l r , r o r rans v er se c a rina c omp l e e a l t t t t t ,

1 34 JOURNAL O F HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH

m a in and oc c i i a a e a m a in u e and c on inu o T8 tance b etween eye rg p t l l t r l rg s , f s d t us; a ina at em e ace c eus and la a i e o s i e on en a ma in c r t pl ; f , lyp , bl ck w th y ll w tr p v tr l rg i a O i o i o a e i o n brum entirely yellow; labial and ma x ll ry only . v p s t r d rk r dd sh br w ;

i man i e a a o an e s ea a o n . in i o ni p a lpi brown sh; d bl b s lly r g , h ths d rk br w W gs w th br w sh ma inc u in ro Me o o in . its ee ac . t th bl k s s , l d g p t t

— n a e o a . odeum e i o Male n no n . p , r dd sh br w , d rk r d rs lly U k w Legs reddish brown except yellowish to Material — Ho ot e 9 DZUP u o eto l yp O r Pr , i a e e o o e to in i ia e; a ’ ” ” y ll w f r h d t b t rs d rk r - ? - ia d O este RO 1 2 I 1 987 . s le o e o Po , , { } , CEl , g ; Pr j t Me a oma a T1 om a e to a e . ; fr b s p x t s bl ck lonoroeste . a red on a a a a i a i d rk b s l bl ck p c lly, w th n a of a ic a m ar E t molo — o m the a in lissos yellow Sp ot on ce tr l p l y gy Fr L t ,

— i in T2 6 a i e o i e on a i meanin o e , m oo ; in e e en e to g ; bl ck, w th y ll w str p p g p l sh d s th r f r c c al and a e a ma in a i a i e in e the o cu u e. l t r l rg s , p c l str p t r b dy s lpt r ru ted a e a not u e to a e a i e istribution record — o e e n Bra p l t r lly , f s d l t r l str p ; D N rthw st r

T7 a c i e o i e on a i a and z il RO . bl k, w th y ll w str p p c l ( )

KEY TO GENERA O F NEO TRO PICAL GABUNIINA

eu a ca ina esen e en if incom e e Pl r l r p r t, v p l t Pleura l ca rina ab sent

Hind wing v ein 1 - Cu distinctly l onger th an crossvein cu—a ; Clyp ea l ma rgin centra lly no rma lly with one or two sma ll teeth Hind wing v ein 1 - Cu nea rly the same l ength or d istinctly Sh orter th an crossvein c u- a; Clyp ea l m a rgin centr a lly w ith out a sma ll tooth

O v ip ositor j ust b asa d of a p ic a l teeth smooth ; fo re w in g crossvein s 2r—m and 3r- m more or ess a a e ; o e in ein 2—Cu nea as on a s or o e an crossvein 2cu— a l p r ll l f r w g v rly l g , Sh rt r th ; in in in M+ u h d w g v e C str ongly conv ex Digonocryptus Vier eck O i osi o u f v p t r j st b asa d o a p ica l teeth with a distinctly microsculptured a r ea; fo re win g crossvein 2r—m - s and 3r m distin ctly conv ergent to w a rd anterior margin of w ing; fore

in ein 2- Cu i i - w g v d st nctly long er th an crossvein 2cu a; hind w in g v ein M+ Cu w eakly CO ITV QX Ces trus To w nes

os e io ans e se ca in a of o o eum com e e s on o i osi o us as ad of P t r r tr v r r pr p d pl t , tr g; v p t r j t b

a ica ee i i in - p l t th w th d st ctly mic rosculptured a r ea; fore w ing crossvein 1 cu a v ery nar

rowl a sa of 1 M + R — — y b d s; for e w in g v ein 2 M muc h l ong er th an v ein 3 M; fore wing ein 2Cu S i on e an crossvein 2cu- a Dineotr i . v l ghtly l g r th op ca n gen . os e io ans e se c a ina f P t r r tr v r r o p ro p o d eum a b sent; ovip ositor j ust b asa d of a p ic a l teeth smoo o e in crossvein 1 cu — th; f r w g a b asa d of 1 M + Rs b y its own l ength ; fo re w ing — ein 2 M i inc - v d st tly s h orter th an vein 3 M; fo re w ing v ein 2Cu muc h s h orter th an crossv in 2c u— e a Pros thoporus Po rter

ea ma in cent a i Clyp l rg r lly w th out a small tooth ; first metasoma l tergite somewh at el on a e ma imum en ma imum — g t , x l gth / ( x width minimum w idth) ab out ea ma in cen a i one r w Clyp l rg tr lly w th o t o sma ll teeth; firs t metas oma l tergite rel a tiv ely o and t ian u a ma imum en ma im — Sh rt r g l r , x l gth / ( x um w idth mini mum w idth) ab out 25 — 3 0

o o eum o is e un , scu u e en i e devoided f - Pr p d p l h d lpt r d , t r ly o c a rina e; hin d win g v ein 1 Cu

s ome a o e an c rossv in - — wh t Sh rt r th e cu a ; fo re w ing crossvein 1 cu a b asa d of 1 M + RS

its en — o e in ein 2 Cu i - by l gth ; f r w g v w th a b out same l ength a s crossvein 2cu a; - o e in ein 2 M a o ima — f r w g v p pr x tely as l ong a s v ein 3 M Trypha To wnes ro odeum - p anu ose to anu ose s ia e the a n e i gr l gr l tr t , t r or trans v er se ca rina c ompl ete al , M 1 4 N 2 2005 1 35 VOLU E , UMBER ,

most straight; hin d w in g v ein 1 - Cu distincly l ong er th an crossvein cu-a; fo re w in g crossvein 1 cu—a narro wly b asa d or O pp osite v ein 1 M + Rs; fore wing vein 2- Cu greatly S o ened so a 3 - Cu a mos mee s l - Cu o e in ein 2- M is inc on e an h rt , th t l t t ; f r w g v d t tly l g r th vein 3—M Lagarosoma Gupta et Gu pta

o e in ce 1 + ZRS sma 0 2— 03 as i a s en of ein 2m- cu o e in ein F r w g ll ll , h gh l gth v ; f r w g v 1 - Rs + M with b ull a p l ac ed centra lly; fore w ing h ya line or infuscate but nev er w ith dark b ands o e in c e 1 + 2RS e a e as i as en o f ein 2m- cu o e in F r w g ll v ry l rg , h gh l gth v ; f r w g ein 1 - Rs + M i u a a ica eac in c e 1 + 2Rs o e in a in e i ree v w th b ll p l , r h g ll ; f r w g h y l , w th th a dark b ands 0 0 0 0 0 Nesolinocer s Ashmea d

Fore w ing crossvein s 2r- m and 3r- m p ara ll el or nearly so; hind wing v ein 1 - Cu w ith nearly the s ame l ength or s lightly S h o rte r th an c rossvein cu—a; fore w in g v ein 2- M s ub stantia lly l ong er th an vein 3- M Agonocryptus Cushman Fore w in g crossveins 2r- m and 3r- m d istinc tly c onverg ent to w a rds anterio r m a rgin of w ing; hind wing vein 1 -Cu ab out twice as l ong as crossvein cu - a; fore w ing vein 2- M

- a en . a p proximately as l ong as vein 3 M Fenixi n . g

ACKNO WLEDGEMENTS with an app endix on the Rhyssinae . Memoirs of — the American E ntomological Ins titute 57: 1 485 . ahl n ri u it a ua u e D avid B . W co b ed w h v l ble s gg s A . l 99 a . imatin a a i s t t Goloboff . 3 s ch c e e , P E t g r t r w ght

Ian . au ions ui ance an d i eas to thi s o . , g d , d w rk D G ld — ladis ti : 1 . t during tree search . C cs 9 83 9 an d Andrew Benne also con rib u ed on an ea rlier i f . . io u tt t t Golobo f A . 1 993b N NA vers n s e , P O P bl h d

. B a a i . s a e of the manusc i a in R . o t g r pt G v r d , Il r E the au o San Mi u e de Tucuman A en by th r , g l , rg i k e and an an on m u Saa s a i ona . . u c o s k rv , D ld Q y j L in a . J t reviewer rea d the submi ed manusc rip and re A . 1 997 . PI E vers ion u is e tt t Goloboff . W , P P bl h d by u ne e use u su es i ons co ec ions and in r d v ry f l gg , rr t t t the aut o San Mi ue de Tucuman A en in a . h r, g l , rg t

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R mani and and . . . uie . 2 1 . H i o o R . o e 00 os o a i n Wa N. s nd vi t en H . . . c e s c o a o O t , , FL k r , I d r , D L Q k t l t J The su enua o an in osition in a asa ou of a a i i w n . 2003 s c as : th S . Dor bg l rg p b l gr p p r t p s e I hn um ni u nua an i i Pim la turionellae . H meno e a c e o s e o o os o a a a us and as p L ( y pt r bg l rg , v p t r pp r t dae) : ultrastructure and behavio ra l evidence for sociated structures in the O russid ae (Hymenop

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- . 1 7 Vol 2005 . 3 1 50 , pp

T axonom B iol o and D i strib uti on of ee arv estin Ants in the y, gy, S dH g Pheido le c a liforni ca Compl ex (Hym eno ptera : Formicid ae)

Y D LAN O . BURC E

e a men of io o u e ni e si Box 90338 u am 27708 D p rt t B l gy , D k U v r ty, , D rh , NC du email : dob7@duk e . e

Abstract — The Pheidole californica complex comp rises three c l osely rel ated and p a rtly s ymp atric An ana is f m o S p ecies of seed h arvestin g ants restricte d to the w estern Nearctic region . lys o orph l o gic a l variation in the mino r w orkers and maj or w orkers (soldiers) rev ea l s th a t th ese S p ecies are m i a i i un v m o e a ia e an e ious ou . e e e ess o o o ca c ac e s cs e e co r v r bl th p r v ly th ght N v rth l , rp h l g l h r t r t w r i f i h id le l n ered th at are consistently diagnost c or eac h S p ec es . P e o c emente sis Gre gg may be d istin guished from b oth Pheidole californica Mayr and Pheidole creightoni Gregg b y the dia g ona l rath er

Th a . th an l ongitudin a l rugulae b etw een the c lyp eus and the eye in l atera l View . e c l osely rel ted P t i i in i m californica and P . creigh oni are most r ead ly d st gu s h ed fro one anoth er b y the angl e of th eir heidole ali rnica h m n in f l ate r a l cep h a lic setae . P c fo as decu b e t setae form g an angl e o forty five de

ees or ess i the a e a ma ins of the ead in u ace ie i e the ce a ic se ae of . gr l w th l t r l rg h f ll f V w , wh l p h l t P n heidole cali ornica i a di creighto i emerge at an angl e of a ppro ximately ninety degrees . P f s bro dly s i h id i e ole crei hton and . clementensis ar mo e imi ed in tr b uted in the w estern Nearctic region . P g P e r l t ei an e the o me ein ound in oo i or a eau a i a s in no e n a i o nia O e on th r r g , f r r b g f f th ll pl t h b t t rth r C l f r , r g , as in on and e ad a i e the a e is imi ed to oo i and coas a a i a s of sou e n W h gt , N v , w h l l tt r l t f th ll t l h b t t th r

C a lifornia and north ern Baj a C a lifornia .

The c osm op olitan genu s Pheidole is rep Among the three S pecies in clu ded in e en e in the New o mo e an i a ha h a i . cal ornic s o t e r s t d W rld by r th th s study, P f b th l rg 600 e i e e ie i o m a di t eo a i an e and i e e ee d scr b d sp c s , wh ch f r es g gr ph c r g h gh st d gr e e and e o o i a im o an om o In an a m t v rs c l g c lly p rt t c p of intra sp ecific v a ria tion . tte pt o n n e t of man ant ommuni ie . e a as en om a i a ia ion a onomi of y c t s P rh ps c p ss th s v r t , t x sts a e of ei ominan e and i e it r sult th r d c d v rs y, the l a te nineteenth and ea rly twentieth the New o heidole a e e ei e W rld P h v r c v d en e i e a i iona e ie and c tury d scr b d dd t l sp c s , on i e a e t a ono m i a en i o n c s d r bl x c tt t a number of subsp ecies and va rieties (Em Ma 1 870 me 1 895 ei on 1 950 yr , E ry , Cr ght , er 1 895 ee e 1 91 5 o e 1 933 y , Wh l r , C l , Gregg culminating in a recent a lthou gh subsequent ta xonomic wo rk ac monograph (Wilson 2003) that m ore than knowledged the synonymy of mo st of ou e the num f d bl d b er o describ ed species . li ornica ei n 1 950 e e i . ca o th s w th P f (Cr ght , Despite this a ttention the ta xonomy of e 1 959 ee e and ee e 1 986 Gr gg , Wh l r Wh l r , the New World Pheidole is not fu lly re i on M n W ls solved . a y ta xa a re refra cto ry to ta xo In S pite of all this taxonomic a ttention nomic cha ra cteriz a tion becau se of simila r ali rni a ma in a i i u ant to c a P . c fo c re s d ff c lt h r it et een the e ie a s We a s e en y b w sp c s , ll xt a cteriz e and the e i e oun a be sive intra sp ecific v a ria tion bo th within , pr c s b d ry n i a n h tw i inc u an h i l twee t d t e other o S p ec es l d d among p opula tions . P e do e californi ed in the u has ne e een i o ou ca . r t ni lementensi m c ei h o and . c s co , P g , P st dy v r b r g r sly Th f th n c n i e one a em a e e e e me e a mine . e o e o e e e o pr s such ss bl g , h r t r d x d purp s pr s t the cali ornica om e hi is a of the tribution is to e i e the a onom of the f c pl x , w ch p rt r v s t x y ” la rger pilifera group of Wilson californica c omplex and to Cha ra c terize 1 38 JO URNAL OF HYMENO PTERA RESEARCH

DML o a mesosom al en : en of ea ch sp ecies in a way tha t ta kes into a c D rs l l gth l gth ia the m e o om a mea u e in o a coun t both intra and intersp ecific va r s s s r d d rs l m the an e io e emit of ie , o tion . V w fr t r r xtr y the prono tum nea r the a rticu la tion MATERIALS AND METHO DS with the hea d to the p osterior ex tremity of the prop o d eum (u su ally At the beginn in g of this study I tra veled a cuticul a r fl an ge nea r the a rticula a i ie in no e n a i o nia to S ixteen loc l t s rth r C l f r , r i m tion of the p etiole) . Fo th s ea a in on and e e n e a a to in W sh gt , w st r N v d u emen the e imen is a e s r t, sp c djust d tensivel sample the californica c omplex . y in dorsa l view so tha t the extremi Between three and twelve nest series were ties of the prono tum a nd prop o obtained from each Sp ec ies a t a given 10

e m a re imu aneou in o . calit a on a an e a a ie in d u s lt sly f cus y, l g tr s ct th t v r d PPW Po s t eti o l a r i : m a im m The p w dth x u length fro m one to twelve kilometers . width of postp etiole in do rsa l view . purp ose of this sampling was to obtain ia i n at the e e of ba seline da ta on v a r t o l v l SPECIES ACCO UNTS in i i ua an o onie o u a ion and d v d l ts , c l s , p p l t s , The three sp ecies inc lu ded in thi s stu dy e ie . sp c s ” ” are mem e of the il era ou a re b rs p if gr p , p In a ddition to the materia l obta ined Spe sum abl m ono e i set of o ei cificall for i u e imen e e ex y phyl t c f rty ght y th s st dy , sp c s w r e ie of heidole o n a m o e sp c s P , f u d l st xclu amined from the collections of Philip S . sivel in the ea i e ion in u in a PSWC the o a M e m of En y N rct c r g , cl d g W rd ( ) , B h rt us u Me i o i on The ou is a tomolo ni e i of a i o nia a t Da x c (W ls gr p ch r gy, U v rs ty C l f r a cteriz ed e u e h ostoma l ee in vis UCDC and the Los n e e ount by r d c d yp t th ( ) , A g l s C y the m a o a e e e in the mino and Mu m j r , l rg y s r , by seu (LACM) . the a a e S a e of the ea in ot Mea surements of Specimens for u se in qu dr t h p h d b h m a o and mino ( i on i in the dia gnoses and biv a ria te plots were j r r W ls W th ‘ the pilifera group Wilson (2003) recogni z es a en at u in a i M5A mi o t k s g W ld cr “ a u e of e ie a he a the ili o e and a i on a e mi ome e and cl st r sp c s th t c lls p sc p N k st g cr t r , era om e i in u es the S e ie f c pl x , wh ch cl d p c s are e en e to tw pr s t d o decima l places . The l n ali rni a arr lii cavi enis cle . ca e s c o c c o P , f , , g , following m ea su rements and in dices were mentensis crei htoni ho litica littoralis mi utilized in this s tudy : , g , p , , cula ol mor ha ru ulosa soritis te icana , p y p , g , , p , HL ea en : en of the ea in and t r a it i un H d l gth l gth h d o os . Although s clear whether u ac e ie m ea su e om the e e S e ie e e en a m ono e i f ll f v w , r d fr th s p c s r pr s t phyl t c an e io e emi of the C ea ou e are uni e the ai in the t r r xtr ty lyp l gr p , th y t d by tr ts ( ma in to the mi oin of an ima m a o of e en i e e a i u u e and rg dp t g j r) xt s v c ph l c sc lpt r , ina r ine a n a c o the o e l n i n e e in . r tt i ca o li a d . l oral s a y l dr w r ss p st xc pt P P , tr s i ma i r or rg n of the hea d (a fter Wa rd v erse rugulae or carinulae on the p osterio r “ c epha lic vertex ( occipita l lobes in Wil HW Hea d width : maximum width of son Within this clu ster of sp ecies I ea in u a e on a ie not e o ni e a o of ee S e ie e e h d f ll f c (fr t l) V w , r c g z gr up thr p c s , h r in u in the e e . e me the cali ornica om e uni e cl d g y s t r d f c pl x , t d by e a i n e : HW H CI C ph l c I d x / L . the tra it of highly developed transverse ru L E e en : ma imum i E y l gth x d ameter of gul ae (see Wilson 2003 : 23) on the cepha lic the e e m , eas u e i the ea in o um of th m y r d w th h d d rs e aj or . a e a i e . In 1 91 5 W . M l . ee e e i e . ca l t r l v w , Wh l r d scr b d P Re a i e e e len : EL HL . i ornica / sub . l t v y gth f sp micula . Gregg ( 1 959) la ter r ono um i : m a imum i ec o ni e is a i in mi s a c ecies . P t w dth x w dth r g z d th d st t sp , P of ono u m in o s a ie . cul pr t , d r l v w a . Although I ha ve n ot ex amined typ e 1 4 N 2 2005 1 39 VOLUME , UMBER ,

n m m a e ia for i e ie a e on u e Pheidole ore onica Eme 1 895z291 . S no t r l th s sp c s , I h v c cl d d g ry y y y z micula is not a mem e of the cali i son (2003 564) . tha t P . b r by W l incenata Wh e 1 91 : heidole cali ornica var . 5 ornica om e e a e it a i de P f eel r f c pl x , b c us l cks h ghly n n m b ei on 407 . S o C velop ed transverse rugulae on the cepha l y y y y r ght tura W heidole cali ornica va r . sa ee e In hi n P f h l r ic dorsum of the m aj ors . s rece t S non m C ei on i 2003 e i e y y y b y r ght m ono a . O . on gr ph , E W ls ( ) d scr b s nevadensi W Pheidole californica subsp . s h eel er mi ula the do rsa l cepha lic sculpture of P . c Synonymy by Wheel er and Wheel maj ors as c onsistin g of transvers e carinulae er a ome ime a o n a a t the th t s t s wr p d w w rd ramidensis me Pheidole californica subsp . py E ry i on a e en the S i e of the ea . o d s h d W ls ls pr s ts n Repl acement name for subsp . ev a ea in the o m of a e ona c ommu c v t, f r p rs l ubi adensis (j unior primary h omonym of P . p l nication om S e an o e , a not a l nevadensis e 1 901 z 53 . S n fr t f C v r th t ventris var. For l 3 ) y i la n im n f . m cu o e e e sp ec e s o P p ss ss such xt onymy b y Wheel er and Wheeler heidole cal ornica i e e a i u e . shoshoni 1 9 : 1 . s v c ph l c sculpt r P if , Pheidole californica var . Col e 33 6 8 i htoni a re ni ue lementensis and . cre S on m b e . c n P , P g u q y y y y Gr gg

- ha er ani 1 : . among the members of the pilifera group Pheidole californica var . g m C ole 936 35 m ei on in ha vin g maj ors with highly developed ce Synony y b y Cr ght heidole cali ornica Ma Whee e and W ee e phalic scu lpture c onsisting of transverse P f yr; l r h l r

1 972z243 desc i ion of a a . ru ulae as o o e to c arin ula e see Wil ( r pt l rv ) g , pp s d ( son 2003 : which cov er the p o sterior Maj or w orker mea su rements (n c e a i e e e end at ea one o ph l c v rt x, xt l st f urth HL HW CI of the wa to the e in a e ie y clyp us full f c V w , 0 1 4— 0 22 REL PrW EL , and a re a t lea st p a rtly visible in la tera l DML PPW in mi l f ie . T u am ea . cu a out o v w h s , I l v g P ia nosis o ma or worker — Hea in u the D g f j d f ll the cali ornica om e . e e e e f c pl x N v rth l ss , ma in of a e ie u a a e . a e a mi la f c V w subq dr t L t r l rg s question of a p o ssible a ffin ity of P . cu f hea d wea kly to strongly c onv ex . Lobes o with m emb ers of the californica c omplex p o sterio r c ephalic vertex wea kly d evel wa rrants further examination . o e and the no of the e e e e o e , t t t The dia gnoses presented in the follow p d ch v r x h r f r ru ulae i ina in on the a o (Fi . 6) o in g sp ecies accoun ts are a summa ry of sh ll w g g r g t g a e a C ea m a in ai and on i m orpho logica l fea tu res tha t a re usu a lly l t r l lyp l rg str ght l g tudinal o e ru ulae o i ina in on the cha rac teristic of the Sp ecies and therefore ; th s g r g t g in n f th h a a of the eu i e t o o e u sefu l in identifica tion . T e fea tures th t p rt clyp s d r c ly fr t

min a in a u at the e e Fi . a re mo st c onsistently dia gn o stic of sp ecies eye ter t g br ptly y ( g are n in n a e i i e e u a a e in e a ion to the prese ted b o l d fac e . I tr sp c f c y s su lly l rg r l t

f h Fi . in u a e v aria tion in the rema in in g traits ma kes length o t e hea d ( g f ll f c em e u f r i i i i In ie se ae eme in a e a om the th l ss usef l o d ent f ca t on . a d V w, t rg g l t r lly fr i i n h — 2 ea d ecum en o min an an e of for o t e i us a ion i . 5 1 o d t , ll tr t s (F gs ) sh uld h d b t, f r g gl not be interpreted a s comprehensiv e rep ty five d egrees or less with the in tegument resentati n of th in in S i e ie t Fi . o o ea e o s e resp ectiv e sp ecies . Ce ( g pr p d l sp s d v w yp phalic sculpture a nd setae va ry d ramati ic a lly in the fo rm of equila tera l triangles a i in e e ec ie and m o of the o e om the a e a ma ina ion of c lly w th th s sp s , st pr duc d fr l t r l rg t i e en e o n in e e i u e a re not d ff r c s sh w th s f g r s the prop o deum (Fig . i i dia gnostic for the sp ecies . Re l ably d a g Minor worker measurements (n HL no stic fea tures are in dic a ted in the figu res HW CI EL

i a . w th rrows REL PrW W Pheido le c a lifornic a M ayr 1 870 DML PP — 21 ia nosis o minor worker — Me o oma i . 5 8 (F gs , ) D g f s s

heidole a i i i n e on a e DML o eo a e see P c l fornica Ma yr 1 8709 87 . Desc r pt o l g t ( f v l t ( of i n 2 : 22 in ens e and w o rker . W lso 003 ) sculptur g d 1 42 JO URNAL O F HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH

S . Chamberton UC Santa uz cam us 230m . hto ni G e 1 955 V . ); Cr p , (P Pheido le crei g r gg

: 1 k m WNW amoine 630m . S . — Wa ); Shasta Co. , ( 1 3 1 6 rd L P i . (F gs )

Wa Siski ou Co. z Wa nte ise 1 75m . S . ; rd); E rpr , (P rd) y

i 1 955 : 1 9 m . k m S Tu e Pheidole crei hton e ( , , ) Wa 26 . 8 r gg w q Bar 40m . S . g G 1 7k m SW Scot 6 ; t , (P rd) l Solano Wee A . . o e a e l 420m . . Bu e ; ); L k , (D O rg ) d ( CC l Ma or worker measurements n HL Wa 1 3k m NW j ( 1 km NE i on 1 5m . S . Co. : 0 ; D x , (P rd) HW Wa 1 3k m NW Roc i e 85m . . CI EL i on 35m S , D x , (P rd); kv ll — Wae ell o an on REL PrW 04 4 05 6 A en a e R . S . Wa , (P . rd); ll d l ( g ); C ld C y , o Can — 1 9km NNW aca i e l o7m . . Bu e ; V v ll , (D O rg ) C ld DML PPW 0 25 04 2 . Wa o S . on 1 9k m NNW aca i e 1 20m . ); — y , V v ll , (P rd C ld ia nosis o ma or worker ea su D g f j H d

M. son an on 1 9k m NNW aca i e 1 20m . ; C y , V v ll , (D Ol ) bqua drate in full fa ce View (Fig . lobes o n on 1 9k m NNW aca i e 6o0m . S . C ld Ca y , V v ll , (P of the an e io e a i e e e e o e t r r c ph l c v rt x d v l p d , Wa e son ai ie 1 8k m S i on l 0m . 5 . rd); J p Pr r , D x , (P ll so tha t in full fa ce view the media l notch Wa Sout end o f a e So ano 40m R . Wae e ; rd) ; h L k l , ( g )

Wa is onoun e Fi . ru ulae a o i : 1 k m NNE Sonoma l 70m . S . Sonoma Co. , (P rd); pr c d ( g g th t r g k m N n . Wa 6 So ma in ai 2k m ENE en en 1 50m . S ; in a te on the a e a ea Gl Ell , (P rd) l t r l clyp l rg str ght Wa e e oo Ranc 1 5km oma 300m . S . , (P rd); P pp rw d h , a nd on i u ina ; o e ru ulae ori in at l g t d l th s [ g g

Wa n ma 25m . S . an a R a 60m . S . So o N S os , 3 ( ); , ( t P rd P in g on the p a rt of the Clyp eus directly in

22k m W W a e son 350m . War Stanislaus Co. : S d); P tt r , (D front of the eye termin a te a bruptly a t the Bu D l ue o an on 22k m WSW at e son . e e O rg ); P rt C y , P t r , ma in a i n t the e e (Fi . e e e o o l an n ank Rain es y g y s s ll r l t 350m S . Wa De ue o o (P rd); P rt C y , Fr

en of the ea (REL Fi . Wi utter Co. : 7k rn Re ional a 340m A . . S l gth h d g g P rk, ( L ld); due to the e e o men of the o e of the NNW Su e 21 0m . S . Wa Tehama Co. : 6k m tt r, (P rd); E d v l p t l b s ’ 2 E a n a ne s ee 720m . S . Wa 8 . 0 km SS es o e io e a i e e e e a ea to P y Cr k, (P rd); P y , p st r r c ph l c v rt x y s pp r

. Bur 1 7 . km E E R u ee 308m . e 3 S e Cr k, (D O g ); dbl ff, be a e nea the o e io ea mar pl c d r p st r r clyp l

2m . . B . w . w 35 u e h 36 5 8mi NE ct . / (D O rg ); y , j hwy in o en i in the i i or ou g , ft w th f rst th rd f rth

. n in and . 99 R R . M hlh ( S ell g P e op); Reddin g (A . C . of the length of the hea d in la tera l View e Tu lumn o ; o e Co. z 3km SW o S in s l 700m C l ) C ld pr g , i n in (Fig . p lo sity short a d erect; full . 8 . Wa 2mi (P rd); W Chi nese C amp ( . I . Stage); J a e ie e a e eme in a e a om S eet ate am un V , t F . . B m o S anis aus N. S oe f c w s t rg g l r lly fr w w r C pgr d , t l ( l ); Ventu a 29k the ea e ec o min an an e of a Co. : m WNW auf S e l 460m . S . r t f r , (P h d r t, f r g gl p

Wa Yol . : 2 o Co 2 . km WSW a i ); s 1 8m . . o im a e ninet e ee i the in e rd D v , (D O pr x t ly y d gr s w th t g Bu e 2k m SSE o in m . Wa s 560 S . 1 0 k m ); , ( ); a s in e in S i e rg D bb P rd um ent (Fig . prop o de l p s d N i l m a . Wa s o P S . 1 0km W Winte m s 60 . D v , ( rd); r , (P View genera lly in the form of long blunt

S . Wa 1 3k m W Rum e 7 s l 0m . S . Wa Ber rd); y , (P rd); m a ina ion of the p egs (Fi . latera l rg t r essa ea 9 g 30m . S . Wa a is . S . Wa y P k, (P rd); D v (P rd);

o o eum not u a e e e o e . ass an s Re iona a 8km SE pr p d us lly w ll d v l p d a is l 0m . S . Gr l d g l P rk , D v , (P War u Minor worker measurements n HL ; Y ba Co. r Sie a oo t i Ran e 1 8mi NE Mar ( d) rr F h ll g , svill 0 - 2 4 — 7 e F . . 5 3 06 HW 0 8 05 u e . dah : lm r o o e Co. z 5 . 5mi y ( A L dtk ) I E E , , CI EL

Ha — mm t R . e R . Sne in Goodin Co. : Ha ( ; e man A . 22 2 PrW t ll g) g g r ( REL 0 0 6,

’ - . o e w h e e Co 3 . 3mi S i en s Hot in CC l ) ; O y G v Spr gs (R . DML PPW

R. Sne in Twin Fal l s Co. : T in l s . ; a . o e . ll g) w F l (ACC l ) — Diagnosis of the minor worker Mesosoma Ne ada: Humboldt Co. : li c M a o tns . 35mi N e ac v C , G rl h e on a e DML o eo a e S cu - l g t ( f v l t lp W . S rei ton Wa h ( ; s oe Co. : 5k rn S Ni on l l 85m C gh ) x , t in a on the me o oma in Si e P . S . Wa 8 67k m W Nix n 1 ur g p tchy s s d o 1 40m . Bu ( rd); , (D O . rge); ‘ ie in n Han in Roc C an on 1 7 m , e e e on the me a eu o , 50 . S . Wa S n g g k y , (P rd); e d v w t rsp rs d t pl r ami ak e 1 1 4 m 0m . W e o u S . n and um i a a . e on: eschutes e o o o e Pyr d L , (P rd) Or g D s pl r , pr p d w th p tch : m Co. S it Roc State a 8 0 8 m . S . Wa h k P rk, (P rd); ose es of moo S i ni n in e m en o o J s th, h g t gu t; pr p hin r e Co. 8k m SSW a e uncti n 4 p o 30m . S . Wa C v J , (P rd); deal spin es normally Sha rp and elonga te Lake Cv. : 5mi S P us R R . Snel in Wasc : M l h ( l g); o Co. a u F ( i . a e a ma in a ion of the o o in g l t r l rg t pr p W . S . ei hton Uta : Salt ak : p ( Cr g ) h L e Co . Sa lt La ke eum u u a k d s lly wea ly developed . it ( un mann Was i n to n: Adams : C y Gr d ) h g Co. Mc omments — i h At i e o a i ie . cre Man na ma n a e 260m C f v l c l t s P g P . . , S Wa rant : L k ( rd); G Co. toni n - enc hm a n ou ee 260 a d . cali ornica a re k no n to co oc m . P 8 . Wa Kin , ( ; Co. : Seat P f w Fr C l rd) g tle T . Kin fl) ( lka n an cur Fi ( o Co. : Ri e si 29 m . ou o f e e i e the S e e 0 . . g v r d , (D O ( g At f r th s s t s p

“ Wham. o Wawaw ai. W . M . Ma ( nn ) . c ie a ea to be i in but a t D e s pp r d st ct, y

R JO URNAL OF HYMENO PTERA ESEARCH 1 44

9 and a e a — P 1 0 ate a ie of ea 5, , heidole ma o o e s u a ce ie of ea 6, , ( 1 6 . Fi s . 5 j r w rk r , f ll f v w h d ( l r l v w h d l t r l g oma 8 1 2 Note t at scu m 7 1 1 Pheidole mino o e s ate a ie of mesos ( , , v iew o f mesoso a ( , , r w rk r , l r l v w h lp — li ornica : . ca Omitte for c a it . 5 8 , turing and setae of the antenn al scapes and mesosom a ha v e been d l r y P f a i o nia — — li ornica k m NNE Ho an , ; i htoni i e a iant of . ca , k m ENE C ico a i o nia 9 1 2 : . cre , ; P l k v r P f pl d C l f r h C l f r g

— P t ni k m N F o est Ranc a i o nia . 1 3 1 6 : . crei h o g , r h , C l f r O M 1 4 N 2 2005 1 45 V LU E , UMBER ,

mm

— i . h s 1 7 21 . eidole clementensis ma o o e u ace ie of ea a e a ie of ea and F g P j r w rk r , f ll f V w h d l t r l V w h d a e a vie of meso soma Mino o e a e a ie of mesosoma heidole cali ornica ma o o e s l t r l w r w rk r , l t r l v w P f j r w rk r , u a i - — 1 7 2 : . clementensis Me in ce e of ea i scu u e i osi and an ennae omi te 21 a f . 0 f ll f v w h d w th lpt r , p l ty , t t d ( ) P , l g Ran — — 21 a r im n f th . r i htoni i a ian f . cali ornica om a c Ba a a i o nia Me ico . c ee s ec e s o e c e e o h , j C l f r , x , th p P g l k v r t P f , fr sin n — — f: k NW li ornica n u s i m a in co on . 21 a 1 9 m N e co o 21 d f ee ecimens of . ca se s c o o s e gl l y; , thr Sp P f tr t fr gl l y i i i aca e a o n a . V v ll , C l f r 1 46 JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH

B a a C a i o n i a: 8mi Rosa io i e n e of MEXICO : j l f r EEl r br dg rei htoni the a californica and P . c g by gl '

A . n n Me in Ran c 2450 R . o n son R . A . o so ( J h ); l g h , ( J h ); the ru ulae et en the e e and the cl g b we y yp ’ A . i N an Bor a 1 970 R . o n Sie a San Bor a 9 . 9m S rr j j , ( J h heidole eus in s id e view (see dia gn oses) . P son) . clementensis o e a m o e oa i . v rl ps r br dly w th P UNITED STATES: C al i fo rn ia : Los Angeles Co San i htoni for the me i cali ornica an . cre R . ne in a mi Hea R . S r n e m nt Is . a f th P g tr c e e e , ( ); Cl Pyr d d ll g O g ’ a en see m ea Hamton Riv r id a e e 1 mi NW To o 450 R . . e s e mea u emen s Co. : s r t th t w r t k ( El r , ( ); J

4 2m A . . ua ez S inne R i no se and i a ia e Co. : a e S inn e , 6 S ; es surements in a , L k k r ( V r ) k r d g s) b v r t ’ ice San ie o Co am P n rv ir 4470 T . en e e o , ( ); i htoni om . g o en to e a a e . cre Pr t D C p pl ts t d s p r t P g fr P '

i ta nd l . H . Hun u a s e 60m 8 . dleton . ( t); Ch l V (E ) , (P clementensis m ore rea dily than they sep a J

ta i n T . Wa ); Mi ama Na a Air S o ( en ice) . l m ntensis rd r r v l t Pr t cali ornica om . c e e rate P . f fr P 1 and (c omp are Figs . clementensis o e a T T O The range of P . v rl ps IDEN IFICA I N

cali ornica i . broadly with the ran ge of P . f (F gs The foll owing short k ey m ay be u sed to 22 and the two species are sympatric at i e en ia e m a o o e of the t ee u co e tion of the d ff r t t j r w rk rs hr several Sites . Altho gh ll c s h sp ec ies of t e californica c omplex . All spe s ecie om e e m at i one are few p s fr th s sy p r c z s , c ie a e i e e o e c e a i u no in e me ia e o m are k no n an d h s h v h ghly d v l p d ph l c sc lp t r d t f r s w , y t e on i in of an e e ru ula e a t bridiz ation does not appea r to occur . The ur c s st g tr sv rs g th o e the o e io c e a i e e e en clementensis i far re , known range of P . s c v r p st r r ph l c v rt x xt d a t ea one o of the wa to the cl i ht i F . m oved from that of P . cre g on ( ig l st f urth y yp Ma terial examined PSWC UCDC eus in u a e ie and are a t ea a ( , , f ll f c v w , l st p rt LACM l i i in a a i ) y v s ble l ter l v ew .

Rugulae originating on l ater a l c lyp ea l m a rgin (directly anterior to eye) straight and lon itudinal e mina in a u at th i 5 9 1 e e e s . 3 g , t r t g br ptly y (F g , , ) Rugulae origina tin g on l ater a l c lyp ea l margin (d irectly anterior to eye) arrang ed dia g ona lly a e an on i u ina unnin beneath 7 the e e Fi . 1 l m r . c e entens is e r th r th l g t d lly , r g y ( g ) P G gg

In 2 . u ace ie se ae eme in a e a om the ead decumbent o min an an e of f ll f V w , t rg g l t r lly fr h , f r g gl o i e e ees or ess i th in m n e e u e Fi . 6 c a li ornic a M a r f rty f v d gr l w th t g t ( g ) P . f y In u a ce ie , se ae eme in a e a om the ea erect o min an an e of a f ll f v w t rg g l t r lly fr h d , f r g gl p o ima e nine e ees i th in um e e en Fi . 1 4 c rei htoni e pr x t ly ty d gr w th t g t ( g ) P . g Gr gg

’ e 1 959 k e to the heidole of a i in . cal n r crei htoni. Gr gg s ( ) y P bly w th P ifo ica and P . g o me ica is a o use u for i en i In ene a . crei htoni ha s mo e i l de N rth A r ls f l d t fy g r l, P g r h gh y in mem e of the cali ornica c m o e . In veIO ed ost ti l li g b rs f pl x e o ar conn ules an . ca p p p th P i of ne isc o e e a ia ion in i ornica but th i e e ence is not ia no i . l ght wly d v r d v r t cr t f , d ff r d g st c ica ai ’ , o e e ome c ou of the u l tr ts h w v r, s plets Co plet 27 of Gregg s k ey should be Sim k e mus be m i i o e . ou e 2 and 27 y t d f d C pl ts 3 plified to the followin g in order to prevent e e to th e e e o men of the os e i mi i en i i a ion f cr r f r d v l p t p t p t s d t f c t o P . eightoni that do not o a conn ules a ai - , a a ie con i e a e e e e o e l r tr t th t v r s s d r h v w ll d v l p d postpetiolar conn ules .

2 7 . Ru ae on ce a ic ve ices of the ma o s ai or a but n g ph l rt j r tr ght w v y , ot reticu l ate; l atera l p ost i p et ol a r connules us ually v ery p r ominent Ru ae on ce a ic e ices of the ma o no a e icu a e and o en coa g ph l v rt j r t bly r t l t ft r se, bu t not retic ul ate ; l ater a l postpetiolar c onn ules usually b l unt M 1 4 N 2 2005 1 47 VOLU E , UMBER ,

ou e 24 i is a e on the ea ie in o e to en om a ne discov C pl t , wh ch b s d h d f d rd r c p ss wly L f the ma o mu be mo i e a ia i n in i i n H o e o a . le gth ( ) j r , st d r d v r t th s tr t

mm in n r f ma o 0 . 85 e o e s 24 . ea o s H d j r l gth , l mm in n r m ead of ma o 0 . 98 e o o e H j r l gth , r

In ei o i ina o m o e 33 and 34 is in en e to e a a e the new e ie th r r g l f r , c upl ts t d d s p r t sp c s ’ ” li rn a h i t of e k e i e en ia e o e ie om . ca o ic t e o e o Gr gg s y d ff r t t f ur subsp c s fr P f , br w r dg s ’ i ar in i u r n t a n f l rni . a o P . ca ifo ca As these subspec es e wh ch Gregg s co plet refers e o co

li ornica a r i n a a i i f th i . me n on m i . ca e o e e o e e e So sy y y w th P f , I h v p s st t ch r ct r st c sp c s cali ornica a e S imi a vided a replacement for couplets 33 and 34 specimens of P . f h v l r

" “ m n i lementensis i t e an S e im en of . cle ente s s a now in u e . c th t cl d s P , wh ch sculp ur d p c s P ” was described subsequent to the publica without brow ridges are known from ’ i o o e n a o ni a . The o o in ou e tio n o f Gr egg s ( 1 959) k ey . Alth ugh s uth r C l f r f ll w g c pl t ’ lem nt n is a m th k u Gregg s (1 969) description of P . c e e s ( dapted fro e S hort ey above) S ho ld ’ in cludes a modifica ti on of the 1 959 k ey that replace Gregg s couplets 33 and 34 .

Ru l i ina in n a a ma in di an i t a an ed ia 33 . gu ae or g t g o l ater l c lyp e l rg ( rectly ter or o eye) rr g d g o 1 7 na a e an on i udina unnin beneath the e e Fi . lly r th r th l g t lly, r g y ( g ) P c lementens is e . Gr gg Rugulae originating on l atera l c lyp eal ma rgin (direc tly anterio r to eye) straight and lon

itudinal mina in a u a th Fi . P c a li ornic a Ma e t e e e 5 . g , t r t g br ptly y ( g ) f yr

heidole cali BIO LO GY AND DISTRI BUTIO N and B aj a Ca lifornia (Fig . P fornica rea dily colonizes disturbed habita ts The biolo gica l observ a tions in clud ed in u a s oa e e a o ie and va s ch r d v rg s , f ll w f lds , the following synopses are tho se that ap en an e are u ua m a cant o . Ne a t l ts st tr c s s lly s ll pe r o be cha rac teristic of the S p ecies . and in on i uou ma in em i i u , t e e e e e e ai a on i e c sp c s k g th d ff c l N v rth l ss , th s tr ts v ry c s d r to in e e en e are o a e in i i i n f d xc pt wh th y l c t d ably w thin eac h sp ecies . D stribut o d a ta Mi n i ar a c p a tches of b a re soil . dde p les e are b a sed on my own collections and in m a e i e ie oe not u su cu ul t d , but th s sp c s d s forma tion a ss ociated with sp ecimens tha t a o e a a oun the ne in the e amine in e i in o e ion i lly c ll ct ch ff r d st I x d x st g c ll ct s , wh ch in u ua r ht ni . m ann e of . c ei o o a means tha t they are bia sed towa rds a c ces r P g F r g g s lly ta kes pla ce in the evenin g a nd d uring the i e a ea . T u a on ea ma ma s bl r s h s , g ps ch p y in i n u im i ni . o a s o e a in dica te a la ck of field work within a par ght F r g g c d ct d pr r ly by u ia l i en to o c min . s ticula r region ra ther than a true gap in the or wo rkers N pt l f ght t d cur in the e enin a nd ea ni a t mo distribution of the S p ecies . v g rly ght st

— i i ni i o a ie . In a a i o a nu a Pheidole ca lifornica Th? S p ec ie s i s l c l t s D v s , C l f r , pt l oun in the ea e i e i of a i a i a t a e i i ou of o onie e e f d gr t st d v rs ty h b t ts , fl ghts sp c f c gr p c l s w r m a a n t i e a io n o e e to e in in ea Ma and c on fro v lley gr ssla ds o h gher l ev t bs rv d b g rly y,

m o n ainou or a ea u a ea 5 to 1 750m tinue o a i a un i a e une . u t s pl t r s ( , sp r d c lly t l l t J

2 — m ean 600m in i ona a i o nia Ida heidole c rei htoni . T i e i e i s ) Ar z , C l f r , P g h s sp c s ho e a a O e on a a in on oun in oo i m oun a in and a eau , N v d , r g , Ut h , W sh gt , f d f th ll , t , pl t JOURNAL O F HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH 1 48

— n is i u ions in the este n ni e S ates and no e n Me ico of heidole cali ornica 22 23 . no Figs . K w d tr b t w r U t d t rth r x P f lementensis rei htoni and P. c and P. c g

a ea of a i o nia O e on a in on on a in a i e o o ion of m a o r s C l f r , r g , W sh gt , c t h gh r pr p rt j r

2 a t a i e a e a e e . and Nev a da (Fig . 3) h gh r v r g work rs i htoni li rni a t l m i e e . cre e e a ion an . ca o c 300 o 300 se e a u S e l v t th P f ( , At v r l st dy t s wh r P g heidole crei htoni i n - i h a e in ant mean 725m) . P g s ofte co occu rs w th t e seed h rv st g ie en to found in les s dis turbed habita ts than P . Messor andrei (Ma yr) thes e sp ec s t d n n a r ns i u u n enomenon cali ornica . i T i e e a e e o o es n C o e o imi . f N st tr c s c p c s , t l s pr x ty h s ph and u a i f n who i n u o as s wa i n . i o oca e s o e . S e su lly l t d w th t fts gr f rst t d by W Cr ght , r h i i i in ou o a t t e e e o f a ia u ie n . r i hton dg p rt lly b r d sto es o r g na lly c ollected P . c e g s th Signific ant amounts of disca rd ed seed ern O regon (Gregg At b oth Dye c a are u ua a ss oc ia e i ne s ee and o an Res ea and en h ff s lly t d w th st , Cr k H pl d rch Ext ” o min a s o c a e a oun the en s ion n i htoni o o e e a i o nia . cre f r g ft r t r r d C t r , C l f r , P g c l

ance or a moun a a en to the nes . nie e e i o e e in c s e o imi to tr , d dj c t t s w r d sc v r d lo pr x ty The o a in a i f r i h i . n s o c e ton a r M . a I Ho f r g g h b t P g e drei nes ts . n one instance at p imi a t S o o se o f . cali ornica a ou an Re ea c a nd ens ion en e a l r th P f , lth gh E C , l d s r h xt t r fo a in c o umns o f the o me en to ma u a e r g g l f r r t d t re c o lony of P . creightoni wa s loc t d 1 4 N 2 2005 1 49 VOLUME , UMBER ,

— li or n n i t i u i n in n n a i nia e n Ne a a and sou e n e on of . ca i s 24 25 . o s o s o e o es F g K w d r b t rth r C l f r , w t r v d , th r Or g P f - n r i ht ni an . cr i htoni and th . rei htoni i a ian f . cali or ica nica and P . c e g o d P e g e P c g l ke v r t o P f

only 20cm from the entrance of a la rge DISCUSSIO N AND CO NCLUSIO NS i h i l and a i e o on of M . andre t e he do e ct v c l y , P Pheidole californica is the m ost v a riable ne ein o n e the a i e st b g surr u d d by ch ff p l s m ember of the californica complex a t b oth

ndr i . ni and in i f M . a e o o e fora g g tra ls o C l s the o a a n d eo a i a e i l c l g gr ph c sc l , w th f cali ornica n in o P . f were ever observed ma e i e en e in mo o o amon rk d d ff r c s rph l gy g

imi t n f M . andrei. iv cl ose prox ty o ests o G o u a ion amon ne i in a o u p p l t s , g sts w th p p

n . r h ni n andrei are o e tha t P c eig to a d M . b th a ion and a mon the mem e of a in e l t , g b rs s gl ee a e in e ie and o en ia , In i f i a ia i i i t t o on . e o s d h rv st g sp c s hus p t l c l y sp t th s v r b l ty, wh ch om e i o it eem a a o i a a c p t t rs , s s p r d x c l th t has led to poo r cha racteriz a tion of the spe e u n i n in th y w o ld prefere t a lly est clo se cies and confusion with other members of imi o t to one ano e . the om e a e i en i ie ome ai pr x y th r c pl x , I h v d t f d s tr ts — heidole clementensis T i S e ie is li rni a P h s p c s tha t c onsistently sep a ra te P . ca fo c o n in a i a nd emi - a i a i a o f f u d r d s r d h b t ts from its clo sest rela tives . southern California and northern B aj a Ca l High lev els of mo rphol ogica l va ria tio n ifornia. Fi . 23 at m o e a e e e a ion cali ornica m a be o e a e i the ( g ) d r t l v t s in P . f y c rr l t d w th

1 60 to 800m m ean 530m . a e on i i e a e an e of the e ie . s o ( , ) B s d l rg r g sp c s It p ss bl o e ion a a om e imen e a mine a a ie to i e a i in the i e c ll ct d t fr sp c s x d , th t b rr rs d sp rs l w th w d n i n n bu ni a e n is m o o en e ea o e t eo a i a an e of . cali or c a e st g st ft b th st s , g gr ph c l r g P f h v the a o ha s not ma e an e ona ob led to i e en e in i e ie i e the uth r d y p rs l d v rg c th s sp c s , wh l i htoni c om a a i e ma an e of . cre serva tions . p r t v ly s ll r g P g H N T R S 1 50 JO URNAL O F YME OP ERA E EARCH

The anadian En ho (Hymenoptera : Fo rmicid ae) . C clementensis has led to a o re and P . c r — tomologist 68 : 34 39 . spondingly lower amount of v ariation The ants of No t Ame ic a . . 1 950 . ei on W . S Cr ght , r h r no er o i le ou ce of a ia ion in A th p ss b s r v r t Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at is i a ion be — m e . the californica c o pl x hybr diz t Harvard College 1 04: 1 72 1 74 B i a e z r Kenn tniss der no a 1 895 . e li me . u e a o a i ies P. ca , een e ies . e E ry C tr g rd tw sp c At s v r l l c l t

mer k anischen Ameisenfauna . oolo ische ahr htoni are m a ic and i Z g J ornica and . crei , f P g sy p tr ’ th ilun ur S s tematik eo ra h c und er. Ab e buch g f y , G g p i at one of ese i e e e is some e i enc e th s t s th r v d — Biologie der Tiere 8: 257 360 . T u it ma be a the i n . of i i a o , mi i a u hybr d z t h s y th t H meno e a : Fam . o c e s m e C. 1 922 . , E ry , y pt r F r d ia ion a on and i in — 2 in: W tsman . a . 6 n u in M rmicinae . 95 0 c o m ia m . f s g v r t g w th b y Pp y , P

. u . a . 1 74B B e es cali ornica is a ene a insectorum. sc ome o u a ion of . G r F r x ll s p p l t s P f p rtly Annals de i té m rmé colo ues . 1 901 . a é s o e . i i F r l , A V r y g q due to the influenc e of introgression w th : — la socié té E ntomologique de Belgique45 334 382 . n i o ma be re i htoni . e e . cre P g G t c w rk y w ec i s of ant e on in to 9 5 . ne e R . . 1 5 e Gr gg, E A Sp b l g g ui e for the e o u ion of i and o e q r d r s l t th s th r the Pheidole pilifera c ompl ex (Hymenoptera : For to a ia ion in mem e — i n e a e h 2 : 1 2 . ques t o s r l t d v r t b rs micid ae) . Psyc e 6 9 8 K t the ecies of Pheido e H R . . 1 959 . e o e , l ( of the cali ornica c om e . Gr gg E y Sp y f pl x menoptera : Fo rmicid ae) in the United States . ACKNO WLEDGEMENTS Journal of the New York E ntomological Society 66 — 7 48 .

i t an hi i Wa PSWC and w f heidol m h 1 9 . Ne ecies o e o e ou e o e R . . 96 t I w ld l k th k P l p rd ( Gr gg, E Sp P fr n in LA M for o i in ac UCDC) and Roy S ell g ( C ) pr v d g Pacific coast is l and s (Hymenoptera : Fo rmicida e) . ma ia wa — m t ia in e ions . se u e s cess to a er l coll ct U f l t r l E ntomological News 80: 93 1 01 .

i A Wi and mm a n e oo . V r an lun en der n . h d 1 7 . Neue Formicide e a so o e Ma . 8 0 l pr v d d by lex ld E U d rw d yr, G g i i i Wa r — ani h n es llscha t in Wein 0: an t ia ank m a so o . i B t e I w t o Spec lly th y dv r Ph l p rd f k k . Zoolog sch o sc e G f 2

Th — i n i an t u i . inspirat o and gu d ce hrough o t th s proj ect e 939 996 . in ani z a i n m i mi it in a m a a 1 99 . ece i e si a s o o o o s e e e s o ec os Wa . S . 9 f ll w g rg t h lp d k th pr j t p rd , P D pt v l r y r y nt sible by granting permission to collect ants on their of the genus Neivamyrmex (Hymenoptera : For an and o i in a itiona assis ance it micid ae : ta onom is i u ion and io o of l d , by pr v d g dd l t w h ) x y , d tr b t b l gy

l . i r n . ie o is ics : the ami a e aiute T i e Th e N. ca i o nicus Ma and N n escens ess o f ld l g t Pyr d L k P r b , f r ( yr) g (Cr )

— Natu e onse anc D e C ee ese e assen ournal o H meno tera Research 8 : 74 97 . r C rv y ( y r k Pr rv , L J f y p i itu 20 . n th i n i f heidole vasl oo s and The ni e si of a i o nia Ho an Wa . S . 00 e e o F th ll ) , U v r ty C l f r ( pl d rd , P O d t ty P Re a an n a H eno te a : o mici ae a ne ec se c d sion en e . un in for the ro Pe n e r h Exte C t r) F d g p rg d ( ym p r F r d ) , gl t ’ w a H m no ject as provid ed by the Presid ent s Und ergrad uate ed ant from Baj a Ca lifo rnia . Journ l of y e p e i tera R ar — o s o am a t the ni e si of a i o ni a ese ch 9 : 85 98 . F ll w h p pr gr U v r ty C l f r , W . n f a is ee e . . d Wh 2 a N. 1 97 . A t a ae o ee e . n D v h l r , G C l r , l rv J th u a — a Entomol e s bfamily Myrmicinae . P n P cific o ist 47: 24 — 2 LITERATURE CITED g 5 56 . Wh ee e . . n f and W ee e . N. 1 986 . The a s o l r, G C h l r , t J B n “ o o , B . 1 995 . A new eneral catalo ue o the ants o lt g g f f Nev a d a . Natural History Museum of Los Angeles

the wo ld. Ha ni e i a s t ess, a m i e o n r rv rd U v r y Pr C br dg , u t . C y Ma ss . 504 . W ee e . W . pp M 1 91 5 . So me a i ions to the No h l r , dd t rth

o e A . . i - 1 933 . esc i n , D o s of two new ants o f the Ame ican an B ul i C l C r pt t a una . let n o the American Ma r f f enus heidol H meno te a : F o mi i — e ( c ae . Ah seum o Natural Hi t r g P y p r r d ) f s o y 34: 389 421 . nals o the Entomolo ical Societ o Am rica 26: 61 6 Wi n e so . . f 2003 . hei ole in the ew World a dom g y , E f l O P d N ,

61 8 . inant h erdiver i se ant enus . a a ni e s , yp g H rv rd U v r ty

o e . 1 . C , C . 936 An an nota te is of the ants of Id ess a i l d l a , m e ass 794 . A t , M . Pr C br dg pp

1 52 JOURNAL OF HYM ENOPTE RA RESEARCH

i u u measu emen in i mma of me istic and con n o s s s ec es of C claulacidea . en Ta e 1 . Su W bl ry r t r t p y L l gth ,

2 i D is ance H ei t FW o e in . w dth, d t , h gh , F r w g

Length (mm) Flagellomeres Scape L :W Firstzsecond flagellomere Firstzthird flagellomere Third flagellomere L:W Apical flagellomere L:W Horiz onta l L eye: L of hea d behi nd eye Diameter p osterior ocellus : post- ocell ar L D b etween posterior ocellus and eye: p ost-ocell a r L Eye H:W Eye H:W of face W of head :W of face Inter-tentoria l c lypeus H Tentorio—ocula r c lypeus H Face W: H Mala r spacezeye H Mesosoma L:H

Prop odea l spiracle H:W Foretibia s orefemur L Foretarsus s orefemur L Fore basitarsus L: W Fore basitarsus L zsecond tarsomere L Hind femu r L: W H ind femur L zhind basitarsus L Hin d tibia zhind basitarsus L Outer tibia l sp u r Lzbasitars us L Inn er tibia l spur L zbasitarsus L Hind basitarsus L: W FW 1 M: 1 RS L FW 2Mzr-m L FW 1 m- cu : r L FW 1 m thic kness FW 2RS: r—m L FW 3RSa :r- m L FW 3RSa : r L FW 3Rs t L FW L

Hin - d wing vein Rl a z l r m L First tergite L:W Second tergite L: W Sec ond tergite t hird tergite L Third tergite L: W O vipositorzbody L

T e e num e s a re i nc u e for e s e of New h s b r l d d typ p c Wo rld bra co nines a re sp a rse a nd imens in the s ec ies esc i ions a nd a r p d r pt e C claulacidea wa s on e en e i e y ly r c tly d scr b d , inc u e in the is i l d d d tr bution sec tion A s ec imen f ( p p s o Cycla ulacidea a re r a re in c ol endix 1 fo r new s ecimens o f p ) C . br uchi ec i n p o s . S l t ever a l o f the s p ec ies d esc rib e d vorus and . mutil i. C e e i h re n a re repres ented only by singl e ec au se es o u c es fo r B r r the id entific a tio n s ec im en . i p s S ngle S p ecimens wer e r ec o g O 1 4 N 2 2005 1 53 V LUME , UMBER ,

n in ue . Tabl e 1 . C o t d

B . niz ed a s new sp ecies only when they p o s ones a re m o d era tely dusty Fig . 3 ) sessed unique combina tions o f a t lea st Sev era l museums ha v e la rge c ollections sev era l ch a rac ters and ha d a disj unct geo of uns o rted N eo tropica l brac onines

of the no n the me i an n om o i a n i e . gra phic distribu tion . All k w A r c E t ol g c l I st tut ) sp ecimens of Cyclaulacidea are in goo d There a re und oubtedly a dditiona l sp ecies on i ion a ou a few o f the o e o f C claulacidea a a ai e c i ion c d t , lth gh ld r y th t w t d s r pt 1 54 JOURNAL O F HYMENOPT ERA RESEARCH

t u a e e e CAS n omo o i a Mu eum a S a e en n in is a a i a e o ( ); E t l g c l s , Ut h t t wh fu d g v l bl c r t th s ni e it o an a USA M S a e ion . U v rs y , L g , Ut h , (E U ); cc ss s Rocky Moun ta in Systema tic Entomolo gy

— i a terminolo a o a o ni e i of omin Lar Mor holo Mo o o L b r t ry , U v rs ty Wy g , p gy rph l g c l and a a e em e amine o o amie omin USA ESUW ; n i u o gy ch r ct r syst s x d f ll w , Wy g, ( ) I st t t n a on i the ex e an e von um o San a de B o Sharkey a d Wh rt w th Al x d r H b ldt, t fe c e ti on o f m o ome i a a e o a o om ia IAVH ; Mu é e a iona p rph tr c ch r ct rs , g t , C l b ( ) s N t l ’ w van e e AS d His to i re a u e e a i a nc e which follo . Acht rb rg N t r ll , P r s , Fr a of a a e u of the Com sobracon (MNHN); Mu seu d e Zoologia da Univer p rt l rg r st dy p ou of New o Braconin ae all S e sida de de Sao a u o Sao au o a i gr p W rld , p c P l , P l , Br z l imens of Cyclaulacidea were examined for (MZSP); O regon Sta te Arthrop od Collec a o a of 68 i e e 44 on inuo and 3 ion O e on S a e ni e i or a i , , t , r g t t U v rs ty , C v ll s , t t l d scr t c t us me i i mo o o i a c a a e a s e O e on USA O SUO Na tiona al a r st c rph l g c l h r ct rs , w ll r g , ( ); N tu inu a urhi torische Mu eum ei en e e as 41 o o c a a e . on o s c l r h r ct rs C t us ch r s , L d , N th r acters were mea sured using a Microc ode lands (RMNH); Depa rtment of Entomolo

Boeck eler In umen . en wa s ns e o e ion Te a A&M ni e II ( str ts) L gth gy I ct C ll ct , x s U v r

mea e om ea to a omen . Mea sit o e e S a ion Te a USA T M sur d fr h d bd y, C ll g t t , x s , ( A U); u e of a e ei e e mea e om a iona Mu eum of a tu a i o s r s f c h ght w r sur d fr N t l s N r l H st ry , the en o ia i a e an the to of the Smi onian n i u ion a in on D C t t r l p ts r th r th p ths I st t t , W sh gt , M i i an n n c eu . e d o i uou a a i A lyp s r st c c t s d t s US (USNM) . in cluded in the sp ecies descriptions and RESULTS summarized in Table 1 . The angle 0 of O f the im f Bra nina Fore wing v eins C + SC + R and 1 RS was Sp ec ens o co e — 1 e a mine are mem e of the om estima ted using the formula tan 0 x d , b rs C p i an sobracon ou on 41 are mem e ((d st ce from intersection of I RS and gr p , but ly b rs of claula C cidea . i i na imen of (RS + M)a to C + SC + R in a ba sa d direction y Add t o l sp ec s

. bruchivorus n mati a d . l i m n mea sured perp endicular to I RS) (length C C e are a o g f 1 R F e e e im en as a re 9 e ie new to . T o S i A . h )) ( g 6 ) e sp ecies descriptions th s sp c s , sp c s i enc e . No in ma i n in clude cha racter sta tes from bo th holo sc for t o on host a ssocia e and a a ion or o e e o o ic a a a a re e o e typ s p r types . When there is va ri t th r c l g l d t r c rd d on the a f an a tion in this data holotype informa tion is l bels o y specimens of the new

eno e in ua e a S e ie . d t d sq r br ckets . p c s In many bra conines the clyp eus is se p DISTRI BUTIO N a rated from the res t of the face by a raised S e imen of C claulacidea e io i e as in Fi y , . 4A . u e mo e in om p c s pr v usly r dg ( g ) F rth r r , s e o umen e om on e u and a i species of Cyclaulacidea the c lypeus is a lso d c t d fr ly P r Br z l , are e o e om Me i o o a Ri a elevated suc h that p a rts of it a re level with r p rt d fr x c , C st c , anama o om ia Su iname an i i i i , , , d o a th s r dge . In the S p ecies des criptions P C l b r B l v ‘ ’ Fi . The an f ( e o . bruchivorus is ex clyp eus p a rtially filled in d orsa lly means g r g C a th anded om e u to in u e a i Boliv th t e p a rt o f the clypeus closest to the p fr P r cl d Br z l , ia and Su inam e Fi . a is , 1 , en i The f ce level with this ridge and the p art r ( g App d x on new S e imen f mati l o . lei ea c o c losest to the labrum app ea rs exc ava ted ly p c C b rs e ion in o ma ion m and is n t o o om ia Fi . 1 o level with the ridge (as in Fig l ct f r t fr C l b ( g , 2 en i B) . App d x

e ositori — es . S e imen of C cla la D p p c s y u ci SYSTEMATICS d a e e e oun in the o o in mu eum w r f d f ll w g s s . C c l a ul a cidea ui ck e D el ob el The a c on ms y Q r y used here are taken from C claulacidea ui k — ne c e 8: Delobel 1 995: 21 8 21 9 . t. e a l . y Q , Ar tt C alifornia Aca demy of Sc ienc e , San ancis o a i s Fr c , o nia USA ia n — C l f r , D g osis Sp ecies of Cycla ulacidea can O 1 4 N 2 2005 1 55 V LUME , UMBER ,

Fig . 1 . Distribution map for Species of Cyclaulacidea . be distinguished from o ther genera of B ra First flagellomere swollen b a sa lly towa rd fl l m i conin ae u sing the k ey of Quick e (1 997) vertex of hea d . Apica l agel o ere ac cu an h n enn a o e not e en e om d by t e presence of the fo llowin g pu la te . A t l s ck ts xt d d fr ta tive s na omor hies : a m e ian i e on ea a in a e- i e e and en a e y p p d r dg h d , l ck g pl t l k sh lf l rg d h f a i m o de t e face is developed in to a ra ised tea r sockets . Vertex o he d w th s o th - Th a e is o e on or butterfl a e a ea e ion and oo e me ia . e dr p , ch vr , y sh p d r pr ss gr v d lly f c 2 4 a nd th i i h n ha i f m a in subme i . 3 e e e as a a o a d s a a o (F gs , , ) f rst t rg t gl br us p r , on a i e me ian e an a to ia on it in a i e nn in om the str gly r s d d r ct gul r d l , l g ud l r dg s ru g fr

- n nn i . 2 3 on e a e a a i . A e 8 8B 8C . eu to the a e a o e t gu sh p d r (F gs , , ) clyp s t l s ck ts (F gs , , n i and i la d O e of the new S e ie . ada rae e to ea et een i e e e p c s , C , k ys Ar b w r dg s y s w th ’ - Compsobraconoides in Quick e s k ey due to der like series of h orizonta l c a rinae . Clyp the S a e of its a e o e e i a on eus e a a e om e of a ce u o e h p sc p ; h w v r , th s t x s p r t d fr r st f by r g s i m s uch la rger than any sp ecies of Comp ridge . sobraconoides and p o ssesses the tea r- drop MESO SO MA : Me t a no t u m m o s tly a n m in me ian lon sh p ed a rea o the face and rectangula r sm ooth . Prop o deu lack g d Ta a a i e bump on the first tergite ch a ra cteristic of gitudina l ca rin a . rs l c l w w th v ry i ia in l n ma a a e . in a o Cyclaulacidea . s ll b s l l ob H d t b l ck g in t l ta rsus a All k nown Species of Cyclaulacidea a lso gitudinal d epression . H d e o l ck in in p ossess the following combina tion of cha r in g esp ecia lly thick seta e . Fore w g v e + in acters : (RS M) a is strongly curved (Fig . H d HEAD : Pedicel not swollen o r hea vily win g with 1 ba sa l ha mulus and an a rea of

- i i in a . in a a on a i . e u e setos a a to e cu sclerotized . Sc ape la ck g b s l c c v ty r d c d ty p c d v 1 56 JO URNAL O F HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH

i an f i n : i e i e a e o a o suturiform a i u a o a en . METASO MA F rst t rg t tr p z d l , br ch rt c l t bs t m i a n on i u ina a nd Y T i e i e moo a in in e —u l a cking ed l g t d l h rd t rg t s th, l ck g p ch d p n me ian e i e a ea me ian on i ina a ina and n . Se o Shap ed ca ri ae c d d t rg t r , d l g tud l c r ,

- - i m lacking raised mid ba sal triangula r a rea mid b a sa l triangu la r a rea . Hyp opyg u in i i a o e a a . p ointing pos teriorly or anteriorly . Ap c l p t d p c lly

KEY TO SPECIES O F CYCLALILACIDEA

n 1 B r ac i o e c ea an Fi . 1 28 Fore wing entirely bl ac k (as in Fig . 0 ) o bl k w th l r b d ( g )

r n a in Fi . 1 2 Fore w ing w ith two yell ow (as in Fig . 1 1 ) o c lear b a ds ( s g C)

Fo re wing with one c l ear b and in a p ic a l thi rd; ma xill a ry and l ab ia l palpomeres bl ack

i an a i a Fi . 1 2B asa e o s o e c . o tts a e n . S . b lly , y ll w h r g p lly; ( g ) C p p 1 B i Fo re wing entirely bl ack (as in Fig . O ); ma x ll a ry and l ab ia l palpomeres entirely bl ac k or entirely white

Te a 4— 6 a c do sa e o is o an e a e a ma i a and a ia al omeres rg bl k r lly , y ll w h r g l t r lly ; x ll ry l b l p p en i e i e suturiform a icu a ion e esen ed a d 7A t r ly wh t ; rt l t r pr t by eep groov e (Fig . ); fore a sus s on a e a m A B Fi . co esse i s . 5 5 1 08 er us oni n . s . t r tr gly l t r lly pr d (F g , ); ( g ) C . f g p Terga 4— 6 entirely bl ack; ma xill ary and l ab ia l palpomeres entirely bl ac k; suturiform a icu a ion e esen e ea 7 rt l t r pr t d b y w k groov e (as in Fig . B); fore tarsus not strongly a a m e c o esse as in i s . 5C 5D l t r lly pr d ( F g , )

Sc a e on e do sa an en a Fi p l g r r lly th v tr lly ( g . SE); rectan gul ar b ump on p etiol e narro wing

os e io Fi . 8A main su me ia on i u ina acia id es o ed ou a d p t r rly ( g ); , b d l , l g t d l f l r g b w tw r

Fi 2A m - ( g . ); edian ca rina on face d ev el o p ed into tear dr o p S h a p ed area media lly Fi . 2A Fi . 1 0D ( ; C. a da ira n s . g ) ( g ) e . p Sca e on e en a an o sa Fi F p l g r v tr lly th d r lly ( g . S ); r ectangul ar b ump on p etio l e not narro w in i os e o Fi . 8B main su me ia on i u dina acia i g p t r rly ( g ); , b d l , l g t l f l r d g es diverging out a s ai om c eus to an enn a soc e Fi A w rd tr ght fr lyp t l k ts ( g . 3 ); med ian ca rina on face e e o e in o c e on to butterfl - s a e a ea m i Fi e a . A 1 d v l p d t h vr y h p d r d lly ( g 3 ); (Fig . DC)

C. deror n sn S . y um . p

Mesosoma entirely y ell o w ish orange 6

Mesosoma en i e ac or mos ac i som t r ly bl k, tly bl k w th e yell o w is h orange on d o rsa l surface and a oun ma ins of ono um e u a and r r d rg pr t , t g l , o sternaulus

Suturif rm a i o cu a ion a e is in uis e om e a 2 and 3 ac in rt l t b r ly d t g h d fr t rg , l k g groov e (Fi . g 7C ; um on e io e on ue- a e ) , ide os e io an an e i b p p t l t g Sh p d w r p t r rly th t r o rly (Fig . 8C); main su me ia on i udina , , acia i es o e ou a as in i 2A s . 2B b d l l g t l f l r dg b w d tw rd ( F g , ); o i osi o s ea en i e ac Fi v p r h h r ly bl ; ( . 1 2C t t t k g ) C. ic k i n . s . p p Suturiform a icu a ion i s a o oo e as in F 7 rt l t w th h ll w gr v ( ig . B); b ump on p etiol e rec tan u a as in Fi . 8B ma in su me ia ( g ); , , on i u ina acia id es a a e Fi g l r b d l l g t d l f l r g p r ll l ( g . 3B) or i e in s ai om c eus to an enna soc e s as in F d v rg g tr ght fr lyp t l k t ( i . 3A) ovip ositor S h eath g ac i s ome e o is o an e in a ica i but ac a t a ica i bl k w th y ll w h r g p l th rd ( bl k p l t ; Fi . 1 2A p) ( g ) C S ha rk e i n . . . y S p 1 4 N 2 2005 1 57 VOLUME , UMBER ,

- im 4A ma i a Inter tentoria l distance t es greater th an c lyp eus h eight (Fig . ); x ll ry l m r n i i an i i ruchi and l abia l pa po e es e t rely yell ow s h o r g e to w h te; (F g . 1 1 A) C . b vorus - im 4B ma i a Inter tentoria l d istance t es greater th an c lyp eus h eight (Fig . ); x ll ry ma il i l m r a a a i n i F . t and a a a o e es c s e o s o a e a ca i . 1 1 C ei l b l p p b l k b lly, y ll w h r g p lly; ( g ) C

i ia en i e e is an Fi . 1 1 8 rum n . riceo . s Costa y ell o w ; fore t b t r ly y ll o w h or ge; ( g ) C. p os a ac o e i ia en i e ac or mos ac i some e o is o an e in C t bl k; f r t b t r ly b l k , tly bl k w th y ll w h r g b asa l and or a p ica l sixth s

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A an nn i n l m i . area anterio rly (Fig . 9 ); te a w th less th a 46 fla gel o eres; (F g 1 0A)

k a nteri n . s . C. p n i n - Facia l ridg es b ow ed outward (Fig . 2B); seco d terg te with stro gly pinc h e d up area

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SPECIES DESCRIPTIO NS

S . Cyc l a ula c idea a da i ra e Lea thers n . p 2A D E 78 A 1 D i . 5C S S 8 O F gs , , , , , ,

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1 OD . latera lly (Fig . )

mm . Length. Head — Antenn a with 42— 45 [44] flagel n n v n lom eres . Scap e lo ger d orsa lly tha e S a e a in a i a and re— a i a trally . c p l ck g p c l p p c l S e - i e o e ime on e h lf l k pr c ss , t s l g r i fla ll m re than ma xima lly wide . F rst ge o e times longer than sec ond fla ellomere ime on e an g , t s l g r th i ll m r T i fla ellomere th rd flage o e e . h rd g im i a t es longer than wid e . Ap c l flagellomere times longer Fla ll m r n u a t r than wide . ge o e e le gth eq l o o i n n f greater than width . Hor zo ta l le gth o eye times longer than length of T an iam f hea d behind eye . r sverse d eter o p osterior ocellus times p o st i an t n i ocella r length . D st c e b e wee p oster o r ocellu s and eye times p ost n Lon itudihal um be ocella r le gth . g b p a ia tween antenna l sockets present . F c l n i ridges bowed ou tw a rd . A ter or groove n Ar be betweer antem a l SP Ck ets é bse t ' ea

1 and B C. 2 . a f . adairae L000 00 i Fig . F ce o A) C (J ) ) tween “ d es fflled 1“ “ 6 3 a reused me“ g t B a ia i es a are rominas (JL000228) . oth have f c l r dg th t diam area Me ian ca rina on ac e e en — d f Pr s t, b owed outwa rd and a raised tea r drop Shaped a rea - dev eloped into raised tea r drop shap ed in the center of the face . JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH 1 58

uchivorus L000047 and B f A . br 4 . ace o Fig . F ) C (J ) ) in s to the c eus mutilei L000201 . The a o o C . (J ) rr w p t lyp , d r rum L0001 01 i fa the s a e of ic can be use to istin uis be ace of A . sn e o Fig . 3 . F ) C y (J ) w th h p wh h d d g h H c eus ei ITD i e in out a om the cl een the two s ecies . C c ial ridges th at a re d v rg g w rd fr yp tw p lyp h ght,

- Sharke i in n ia is ance . eus to the antenn al soc kets and B) C . y ter te tor l d t

(JL000203) with facia l ridges that are mo re p ara ll el . Both hav e raised chevron to butterfly- Sh ap ed a reas in

the center of the face . a ia i e in o a or om e e [p rt lly f ll d d rs lly] , c pl t ly en a ma in of filled in but uneven . V tr l rg a a o n eu c lypeus conca ve . Are r u d clyp s

‘ ea e een me ian ca ina and i e i f a e renulae and a a rea . Ar b tw d r w th s r es o l rg c sh rp i es i a e - i e e ie of o i on a i e e a a in om e of a e or se r dg w th l dd r l k s r s h r z t l r dg s p r t g fr r st f c , [ p ° Ri e unn in a t 45 an e m moo ca rinae . dg s r g gl fro a ra ted from rest of fa ce by la rge s th mi e i e to an enn a i e o e n . ime ddl r dg t l s ck ts stro g groove] . Face t s w d r oo e a oun e es e en smoo or M a a e e 2 an i . a a u u e Gr v r d y pr s t, [ th] th h gh l r s t r p r ll l d by

enu a e . E e ei ime ea i M im e e e cr l t y h ght t s gr t [5] r dges . alar S pace t s y er an e e i ime ea e ei th y w dth , t s gr t r h ght .

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JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH 1 60

the an e of o e in i rum L0001 62 . 0 bruchivorus L000246 and B . r ceo o e in of A . Fi . 6 . ) (J ) ) C (J ) gl F r w g g F r w g C + v ein s C + SC R and 1 RS .

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n . 7 . M a ma] nt r it i . r usoni 02 B a o oo e o Fi . e so s e e A ee oo e on e L00 35 g t y g w th ) d p gr v C f g (J ) , ) Sh ll w gr v C

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m i . n m i m a i e e a a in o e of a e . an o o u ee oo sh rp r dg s p r t g fr r st f c th h gh Pr t w th d p , s th m Ma a n i . N taulu ea i F ace times wid er th an high . l r su groove a ter o rly o s w kly H R S 1 62 JOURNAL OF YMENOPTERA E EARCH

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m ian it . en i and e on ter median ca rina and enla rged ed p wid e . B order betwe f rst s c d o o ea i a c e e en - a e i e ai i e e u in an e io Pr p d l sp r l cr sc t sh p d , g t str ght w th dg s c rv g t r r

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e e ime on e an o e emu . , a e ea a e oo e a ina pr ss d t s l g r th f r f r sh p d , w kly rch d gr v ; c r o e ba sitarsus ime on e an i e , n n i n t r F r t s l g r th w d alo g a ter or margin present . Sec o d e im n n n t es lo ger tha seco d ta rsomere . i e ime on e an i e ime g t t s l g r th w d , t s in emu ime on e an i e H , n T d f r t s l g r th w d lo ger than third tergite . hird tergite im s l n r than a i in i e o e b s tarsu s . H t b im n t g d t es lo ger than wide . ia im n ba i r e o e an s ta sus . O u e t s l g r th t r Color — Black except as follows : mouth and inn e in i ia u and r h d t b l sp rs a i e ono m i e o i or p rts wh t , pr tu w th y ll w sh ime n e an basitarsu o s e e i e . t s l g r th , r sp ct v ly an e i e on en a i o e a g str p v tr l th rd , f r t rsus Hind basitarsus times longer than and mid ta rsus yellowish orange with tel

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Len th. g mm . Head — n nn a i 42 A te w th fla gellomeres . S a e on n a n c p l g er v e tr a lly th d o rs a lly . S a e i e - i e o e a i a c p w th sh lf l k pr c ss p c lly , a in r — a l ck g p e apica l shelf . Sc p e im n i t es lo ger than maximally wide . F rst fla gellomere times longer than e on fla ellom ere ime on e s c d g , t s l g r n i fl l T i fla ll tha th rd agel omere . h rd ge o m im i ere t es longer than wide . Ap ca l fl ll r age ome e times longer than wide . Flagellomere length equa l to or grea ter i n n than width . Ho r z o tal le gth of eye times longer than length of hea d behin d T an i m eye . r sverse d a eter of p o sterior ocel lus im - Di t es p ost ocellar length . s tance b etween p o sterior ocellus and eye im — a i t es p o st ocella r length . F c a l i n e i n r dges p ara llel . A t r or groov e betwee n a tenna l sockets very wea k . Area b etween ridges filled in crea ting a raised median M i n a ea . e a a ina on a e e en de r d c r f c pr s t, l - ve oped into raised tea r drop shaped a rea . Area b etween median c arina and ridges with la dder - like series of horiz onta l ca ri 0 Ri in 4 n m na e . dges runn g at 5 a gle fro

middle ridge to antenn a l sockets strong . Groov e a round eyes present and crenu E e ei ime ea e la te . y h ght t s gr t r an e e i ime ea e an th y w dth, t s gr t r th i f a im width of fa ce . W dth o he d t es n - n ia grea ter than width of fa ce . I ter te tor l

distance times clyp eus height . Tentorio — o cula r distance times longer eu a ia i e than clyp eus high . Clyp s p rt lly f ll d n a ma in of e in d orsa lly . Ve tr l rg clyp us a un eu i e ie concave . Area ro d clyp s w th s r s i . . F g 9 Second tergite of A) C . hunteri (JL0001 1 0) and

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C c l a ula cidea hun r n . y te i L eath ers s p . eye height . 9A - A i . 1 F gs , — 0 Mesosoma Mesosoma times longer i n i — in n : i n m i m a os s o e a e ea an . o o u ee oo D g F r w g b d d cl r , th h gh Pr t w th d p , s th

1 A . Ma i n i . N ta u l u n t im a ea a Fi . 0 a o o e a e o o s o bl ck , cl r , bl ck ( g ) x ll ry gr v t r rly m n i n a . t een m e o u u a d and labia l pa lp omeres white . Hor zo t l pressed B order be w s sc t en of e e in o a ie ime u e um i a ina e oo e a in l gth y ( d rs l v w) t s sc t ll w th c r t gr v , l ck g m ian a ina r n a me ian it longer than length of hea d behind eye . ed c r o e l rged d p ;

i m im i in . Antenn a with 42 flagellomeres . m ed an p a rt o f groove so et es f lled JOURNAL O F HYMENO PTERA RESEARCH 1 64

" n derorum ima e f A . hunteri L 0 1 1 2 5 . s u omonta e a e a s o C 0 0 0 B . er usoni L000 3 Fi . 1 0 . g r l g ) (J ) , ) f g (J ) , C) C y g A t t C l

1 . i s it ion dai rae L000 05 o o s eat . a ni ica L0001 01 and C . a s e e emo e om A M (J ) , D) (J ) Ov p r h h w r r v d fr g f t

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1 68 JOURNAL O F HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH

- n e i e moo n e en o ia is an e u in an e io . Se o f a ce . width o f I t r t t r l d t c c rv g t r rly c d t rg t s th ,

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a e ime i e an in . Se on e i e imes on e an rest of face . F c t s w d r th g c d t rg t t l g r th i im i . i Ma a u e a a e e 8 e e e on e an i e e . high . l r s tur p r ll l d by r dg s w d t s l g r th th rd t rg t T i i i . i Ma la r space times eye he ght h rd terg te t mes l onger than wide . — m im n ium i n Mesosoma Mesoso a t es lo ger Hyp opyg w th co vex d orsa l b order . i n m i a i i im n o ot e oo e O o o e o e . than h gh . Pr u w th w k gr v v p s t r t s b dy l gth

— N taulu n t im . B r olor. Y i n n i . s a ter orly o s o pres ed o C ell o w sh o r a g e a nd bl a ck . der between meso scutum and scu tellum Hea d bla ck with m a xillary and labia l pal i ina in me ian c a m re i n a e oo e a o e s e o o a e . w th c r t gr v , l ck g d p y ll w sh r g rina and enla rged median pit. Propodea l Mesosoma yellowish o range except pro i a s en - a im i e e e e e eu on a . o e and mid e e o sp r cl cr c t sh p d , t s h gh r pl r bl ck F r l gs y ll w than wide . ish orange except both cox ae black and Fore tibia times l onger than fore te tarsi yellowish orange with telotarsus m r u . o a u n t a a m e o e o e e a . in le a e e om e e o F r t rs s l t r lly c pr ss d , bl ck H d g bl ck xc pt s y ll w im e on e an o e emu . o e bas ish o an e on a a t s l g r th f r f r F r r g b s l p art of tibia . Fore itarsu s ime on e an i e in an e : ac e o a e o t s l g r th w d , w g b d d bl k, y ll w , bl ck , y ll w , ime on e an e on tar m in so ere . a a in o a . in an e : el t s l g r th s c d H d bl ck , c st bl ck H d w g b d d y emu ime on e an i e low a ea . f r t s l g r th w d , , bl ck, cl r ime on e an a — b sitarsus . in i ia Te a e o i an T t s l g r th H d t b rg y ll w sh or ge . erga 5 8 ime on e an basitar u s s . O e and o i osi o a t s l g r th ut r v p t r she th bla ck . and inn e in i ia u and is tribution a nd ma terial exa r h d t b l sp rs D mined . ime on e an basitarsus e i , e e . Kno n on om e ecim n 1 x t s l g r th r sp ct v ly w ly fr typ sp e . 9 e in basitarsus ime on e an amin H d t s l g r th ed . wide . Ho ot e 9 . S R NAM : Su ina l yp U I E r me Exp . 1 948 o e in ena ion : 1 M and 1 cu — a in F r w g v t 1 949 N a ssau Mts . Malowi n i . e 1 5 . i 1 949 , . . Ge , j , , D C tersec t . RS + M b o en a i a 1 . M ( ) br k p c lly i sk es RMNH— L j ( J 000202) . imes on e an 1 t l g r th RS . 2M times longer en r- m - Remarks — T i e ie is e n m . 1 c u ime on e an a e th t s l g r th r , h s sp c s v ry str g im e a s i and ma not be a mem e of C claula id a t s th ck as ZRS y b r y c e . ime on e - ou it has the ea - o a m t s l g r than r m . 3RSa times lon Alth gh t r dr p sh p ed e er an r-m imes on e ian a ea of the a e a u a i e s na o g th , t l g r than r . 3RSb d r f c , p t t v y p ime on e + mo for C claulacidea it a an . C SC + R the e t s l g r th r and I RS rphy y , l cks w ll m e e o e s u for ing an angle o f Fore wing l ength d v l p d tu rifo rm a rtic u l a ti on a n d m e an a um m . r ct gul r b p on the first tergite tha t in in ein Rl a i all o e e ie of C claulacidea H d w g v t mes longer th r sp c s y p os sess . an 1 — m Et molo — th r . y gy For John Pickering of The Metasoma — ase o f ni e i of eo e io e ee ex U v rs ty G rgia . B p t l d ply ca a e . i v t d F rst tergite with strongly raised - C c l a ula cidea o tts on ue s a e u y a e ea e n . s . t g h p d b mp . First tergite lac king p L th rs p Fi a e a c a ina a a en to me ian um g . I ZB l t r l r dj c t d b p , i ai of a e a ca ina w th p r l t r l r entirely sep a ia no i — D g s s Fore wing bla ck with one a e om m e ian um r t d fr d b p . Firs t tergite ea i cl r str pe . Hind wing bla ck with clear imes on e an i e . o e t l g r th w d B rd r between a i a ti - . Te a 1 7 a o a red p c l p rg bl ck d rs lly, i s an d s e on e i e s ai i e f r t c d t rg t tr ght w th dges is o an e a e a Fi 2 . 1 d h r g l t r lly ( g B) . 1 4 N 2 2005 1 69 VOLUME , UMBER ,

l r in m a ed o a e ian i . Length mm . g t d p t Propo dea l spi — i H ad n enna i 46 fla ellomeres . a e o a me i e e an i e . A t w th g r cl v l , t s h gh r th w d i ia Sc a p e l on g e r v en tr a lly th a n d o rs a lly . Fo re t b times longer than fo re fe

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ime on e an i fla ellomere . em ime on e an i e t s l g r th th rd g f ur t s l g r th w d , ll m r im n n im in i Third flage o e e t es lo ger tha t es longer than basitarsus . H d t bia i fl ll m r i wide . Ap ca l age o e e t mes longer times longer than basitarsus . O uter Fla ellomere en e ua t r and inn in i i n than wide . g l gth q l o o er h d t b a l spurs a d

n i . i n a n f im n n i r i ea e a o o e o e o e a bas ta sus e e e . gr t r th w dth H r z t l l gth t s l g r th , r sp ct v ly eye tim es longer than length of hea d Hin d ba sitarsus times longer than

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- between m edian ca rina and ridges with than 1 r m . - a oma — a f i e ee ex la dd er like series of horiz onta l ca rinae . Met s B se o p et ol d ply ° i i i n ai e Ri dges runn ing a t 45 angle from middle cava ted . F rst terg te w th stro gly r s d i i i a e a i n oo e e an a m . e e r dge to a tenna l sockets strong . Gr v r ct gul r bu p F rst t rg t w th l t r l n in m ian m arou d eyes present and crenula te . Eye ca rina clo sely p ara llel g ed bu p ei ime ea e an e e i but not o min no e a in ai of h ght t s gr t r th y w dth, f r g tch s , l ck g p r i a a a in a n i e a a e om me times grea ter than width of fa ce . W dth l ter l c r e t rely s p r t d fr i i ime on e of hea d times grea ter than width of dian bump . F rst terg te t s l g r

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n m i ee m to r ime en . an i . o o oo o th h gh Pr tu w th d p , s th t s b dy l gth — M a c e ma i a No ta u l u s n o t im olor. o e gr o ov e a n t eri o rly . C stly bl ck x pt x ll ry o een me o cu um and a nd a ia a l omeres e o i o an e pressed . B rder betw s s t l b l p p y ll w sh r g s cu e um i a ina e oo e a in a i a ma in of e e e o i or t ll w th c r t gr v , l ck g p c lly , rg s y s y ll w sh me ian a ina and me ian a ea not en an e and e a 1 — 7 e i o an e a e d c r d r g , t rg r dd sh r g l t r R 1 70 JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA ESEARCH

mi e i e to an enn a o e s on . o e in a i one ea i e . ally . F r w g bl ck w th cl r str p ddl r dg t l s ck ts tr g oo e a o n e e e en and crenu Hind wing bla c k with clea r apic al tip . Gr v r u d y s pr s t E ei ime ea e a e . e D is tribution and ma teria l exa mined . l t y h ght t s gr t r 1 ex an e e i ime ea e m e e imen . 9 Known only fro typ sp c th y w dth, t s gr t r i of ea an i of a e . amined . th w dth f c W dth h d n times grea ter than width of fa ce . I Sic e M : iz a a 1 867 . Ho o e 9 . , l typ EXICO Or b , , O h l ter- en o ia i anc e im e — t t r l d st t s (MNHN JL000243) . Ten o io—o u a i an e clyp eu s height . t r c l r d st c — f The Etymology For Ma rtha Potts o times longer than c lypeus

ni i of Ken u . e u a ia i e in o a . U v rs ty t cky i . e h gh Clyp s p rt lly f ll d d rs lly a Ventra l ma rgin of clyp eus c onca ve . Are

s . C c la ula cidea riceorum Leath ers n . p y a round clypeus with series of la rge cren B 1 1 B i . 6 F gs , u ae a c in i e or i e ie of l but l k g r dg , [w th s r s Diagnosis — Fore wing veins 1 M and la rge crenula e and sha rp ridge sep a rating — ime in a u ac ba s om e of a e . a e 1 cu a intersect . H d t rs s bl k but fr r st f c ] F c t s ' Ma a e a a e e i i i e an i . al p a rt of ba sitarsus orange . O v po s tor w d r th h gh l r sutur p r ll l d — Ma a a e o i on a en of 1 4 3 i e . times body length . H r z t l l gth by [ ] r dg s l r sp c eye (in d orsa l View) times longer times eye height . o e i ia Mesosoma — Me o oma ime than length of hea d behind eye . F r t b s s t s

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me e . S a e on e en a an o a and u um i a in Bor r s c p l g r v tr lly th d rs l sc tell w th c r a te groove . l i s e - i e o e a i a a in der e een me o t m and u e um y, w th h lf l k pr c ss p c lly , l ck g b tw s scu u sc t ll re- a i a e ime on e a c in me ian a in a and en a e me p p c l sh lf, t s l g r l k g d c r l rg d n m i a a ima i e . fla ell m r th x lly w d F rst g o e e dian pit . Prop o dea l spira cle [ova l] to cres ime on e an econ fla en - a e ime i e t s l g r th s d c t sh p d , t s h gh r ellomere and im e on e an n g t s l g r th tha wide . i fl th rd a gell om ere . Third fl a ge ll o m ere Fore tibia times longer than im n e o e an i e . i a m t s l g r th w d Ap c l fore fe u r . Fore ta rsus not l atera lly com fla ellom ere ime on e an e e ime on e an o e g t s l g r th pr ss d , t s l g r th f r

i e . Fla ellomere en e ua to or m w d g l gth q l fe ur . Fo re ba sita rsus times ea e an i . o i on a en of on e an i e ime lon gr t r th w dth H r z t l l gth l g r th w d , t s e e ime on e an en of er an e on ta rsom r y t s l g r th l gth g th s c d e e . Hin d femur ea i e n e e . T an e e ia me e of ime on e an i e h d b h d y r sv rs d t r t s l g r th w d , o e io o e u ime os - ocel ime on e an basita r in i ia p st r r c ll s t s p t t s l g r th sus . H d t b lar n e . S o e is an e e een os ime on e l gth h rt st d t c b tw p t s l g r than ba sitarsus . terior o e u and e e im c ll s y t es post O uter and inn er hind tibia l S purs o e a n e . Lon i u ina um be and ime on e an ba sitarsus re c ll r l gth g t d l b p t s l g r th , een an enn a s o e s e en . a ia s ectiv l tw t l ck t pr s t F c l p e y . Hind ba sita rsu s i e a a e . ee an e io oo e be ime on e an i r dg s p r ll l D p t r r gr v t s l g r th w de .

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im n R b e o e an . m i than r . 3 S t s l g r th r o stly bla ck w th some yellowish o range + + 1 R min n an f in i C SC R and S o a e o 72 o an e . ia a or mo f r g gl by tr ch t r H d t b bl ck, stly ° in n 7 o e e mm . a but i in 8 F r w g l gth bl ck yellow sh o ran ge b a sa lly . H d Hind wing vein Rl a times lon ta rsus bla ck but b a sal p art of ba sitarsus

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— i . n i n i longer than w de B order b etwee f rst 6 8 a d ov p ositor shea th black . r and second tergite straight with edges D is t ibution a nd ma terial exa mined .

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i e ime on e an ime on e an i e . er an mere t s l g r th w d g th w d , t s l g r th in em r Apica l fla gellomere times l onger second ta rsomere . H d f u Fla ellomere en e ua to imes on e an i e imes i e . than w d g l gth [ q l t l g r th w d , t

or ea e an i or is inc e on e an basitarsus . in i ia gr t r th w dth] , d t tly l ss l g r th H d t b d o i on a en of e e ime on e an ba sitarsus . O u e an than width . H r z t l l gth y t s l g r th t r times longer than length of hea d be hind tibial S purs and i T ans e se ia me e of o e io ime on e an ba sita rsus e e e . in e e . h d y r v r d t r p st r r t s l g r th , r sp ct v ly - in ba sita rsu ime on e an ocellus times p ost ocellar length . H d s t s l g r th

Distanc e between po sterior ocellu s and wid e . - n i o e in ena ion : 1 M and 1 cu — a in eye times post ocella r length . Lo g F r w g v t + r . R M n i tudina l bump between antenn a l sockets te sect ( S )b broke ap c a lly . 1 M im n n a i i o e out a . e o e a 1 RS . 2M present . F c al r dges b w d w rd t s l g r th im n - 1 m - cu im Deep anterior groove between antennal t es lo ger then r m . t es

oc e e ea . ea e een i e on e an ime a s i as s k ts v ry w k Ar b tw r dg s l g r th r , t s th ck M i n not i e in e e i e of a e . e a ZRS ime on e an f ll d , l v l w th r st f c d t s l g r th

- - c a ina on a e e en e e o e in o r m . 3RSa ime on e an r m r f c pr s t , d v l p d t t s l g r th , ai - b i e ea o s a e a ea . ea e me n an r s d t r dr p h p d r Ar t s lo ger th r . 3RSb een me ian a ina and i e i la d im + + tw d c r r dg s w th t es longer tha n r . C SC R and d r- i i Ri e l ke ser es of horiz onta l ca rinae . dg I RS forming an angle of Fo re win g ° es unnin at 45 an e om mi e i e n r g gl fr ddl r dg le gth mm . to an nn te al soc kets strong . Groove a round Hin d wing v ein Rl a times longer e e esen and n E - e u a e . e ei y s pr t cr l t y h ght than 1 r m . imes ea e an e e i ime Metasoma — a e of e io e e x t gr t r th y w dth , t s B s p t l d eply e ea e an i i of a e . of ea gr t r th w dth f c W dth h d cav ated . First tergite with strongly raised ime ea e an i f n o ac e . e ec an t s gr t r th w dth f I t r r t gula r bump . First tergite with la tera l en ia i an t tor l d s t ce times clypeus ca rina closely p a ra lleling median bump - ei . Ten o io o u a i ance not o min no e a in ai of h ght t r c l r d st but f r g tch s , l ck g p r ime on e an c e i t s l g r th lyp us h gh . Clyp eu s la teral ca rina entirely sep ara ted from m e a ia i e i n o a . en a ma in ian p rt lly f ll d d rs lly V tr l rg d bump . First tergite times o f eu n o ca e . ea a oun eu on e an i clyp s c v Ar r d clyp s l g r th w de . B order between first i se ie o f a e crenulae and w th r s l rg sha rp and second tergite [straight with edges i e e a a in om e of a a e . ce c u in an e io or om e e oun r dg s p r t g fr r st f c F rv g t r rly] , c pl t ly r d ime i e an i . Ma a t s w d r th h gh l r su ed . Second tergite with strongly pinched u e a a e e 2 i M es . a a s ac e u a ea not ea in i e i t r p r ll l d by r dg l r p p r r ch g th rd t rg te . Sutu ri im es e e i e . t y h ght o m a icu a ion i ea m oo V f r rt l t w th w k , s th , Mesosom — a Me o oma imes S a e ea a e s s t h p d , w kly rch d groove; with ca ri on e an i . ono um i ee t , na a on an e io ma i l g r th h gh Pr w th d p l g t r r rg n . Second tergite smoo oo e an e io th gr v t r rly . Notaulu s no t ime on e an i e t s l g r th w d , im e e . o e e n pr ss d B rd r b twee mesoscutum ime on e an i e i Th i t s l g r th th rd t rg te . rd ter and sc u e um a in oo e or i t ll l ck g gr v , [w th i e ime on e a g t t s l g r th n wide . Hy c a ina e oo e] . o e e een me o o iu r t gr v B rd r b tw s s p pyg m with fla t to [conv ex] d orsa l bor cutum and sc u e um a in me ian ca d t ll l ck g d er . O i o i o ime o v p s t r t s b dy length . i na a nd not en a e in o a me ian i — t. olor r l rg d t d p C . H ea d bl a ck exc ep t m a x ill a ry o o ea i ac e c e cen - a e Pr p d l sp r l r s t sh p d , and a ia al omeres a a a el l b l p p bl ck b s lly, y imes i e an i e . t h gh r th w d o is o an e a i a or en i l w h r g p c lly , t rely yellow o e i ia F r t b times longer than ish o an r ge . o e em u . F o e a su not a e a f r f r r t r s l t r lly c om Me o eu on m o M n s pl r stly blac k . eta otum esse , imes on e pr d t l g r tha n fo re e o i o an y ll w sh r ge . Prop o deum yellowish emu . Fo e ba s ita rs us f r r imes lon o an e t , or a a e a e o i or r g bl ck l t r lly, y ll w sh O 1 4 N 2 2005 1 73 V LUME , UMBER ,

M a eu n a a n e o a . e o o r an e on fla ellomere ime g d rs lly t pl r b l ck , th s c d g , t s m a i ome e o i o an e n an i fl l m ostly bl ck w th s y ll w sh r g lo ger th th rd agel o ere . Third fla e n i e a by hind wing . L gs e t r ly bl ck except gell o m e re tim es l on g e r th an : i ia a but i i as follows fore t b bl ck yellow sh w d e . Apic a l fla gellomere n in a a e r a ut l im Fl a ll m r o a e o b e e on e a n i e . e o e e r g b s l tw lfth , bl ck y t s l g r th w d g

o i o an e in a a and a i a i . en e u a to or ea e an i or l w sh r g b s l p c l s xths l gth [ q l gr t r th w dth] , a u i an but t l r i i n a Fore t rs s yellow sh or ge e ota d stinctly l ess th a n wi dth . H o r z o t l Mid tr hant llu i r n su s bla ck . oc e s yellow sh o le gth of eye times longer than Mid i ia m a n n . f T an di a e o a a e o ea e in e e . e e g t b stly bl ck, but b s l l gth h d b h d y r sv rs Mid a u m m fifth yellowish orange . t rs s o stly a eter of p osterior ocellus i - i an u l r . i an b yellow sh or ge b t te ota sus black t mes p ost ocella r length . D st ce e

Hin d tro c ha ntellu s y ell o w i sh o r a n g e . tween p osterio r ocellus and eye i i m i - L n itudi Hind t b a o stly black but yellowish or t mes p ost ocell a r length . o g in ange ba sa lly . H d tarsus mo stly blac k but nal bump b etween antenn a l sockets pre a ia i e a a r i in ba sa l p a rt of basitarsus and 4th tarsomere sent . F c l r dg s [p r llel] o d verg g o an e or a but a a a of ba s itar out a ai om eu to an enn a r g , bl ck b s l p rt w rd str ght fr clyp s t l

in an : e . e an i t n n o an e . o e e o o e e e o oo e e ee a sus r g F r w g b d d y ll w , s ck ts D p t r r gr v b w

in t nn al . a n a e o a o a a . e S o e e ea e e ee bl ck, y ll w , bl ck , c st bl ck H d ck ts v ry w k Ar b tw in an e : e o ac e o a i e i e - in ea in a a i e me ian w g b d d y ll w , bl k, y ll w , bl ck r dg s f ll d cr t g r s d d : M i n in n n a i a a an om e e or an e a ea . e a a a o a e e e de p c l bl ck b d c pl t , b d d r d c r f c pr s t; l ed in o ai e e on or butterfl e o a e o . ve o y ll w, bl ck,y ll w p t r s d ch vr y — T um a a a . a t n me ian a ina Terga 1 4 yellowish o range . erg 5 sh p ed re Are be wee d c r ° — n n i m . Ri unnin at 45 black or yellowish orange . Terga 6 8 a d a d r dges s oo th dges r g an om mi e i e to an enn a o ovip ositor shea th blac k . gle fr ddl r dg t l s ck

t a en or ea or on . oo e is tribution a nd ma teria l exa mined. e s D bs t , w k , [str g] Gr v E 2 am n n and moo . e Known only from Surinam e . 9 9 ex a rou d eyes prese t s th y i im ea e an e e ined . he ght t es gr t r th y i ime ea e an M : B n rant n w dth; t s gr t r th Ho ot e 9 . S RINA o e Co oe l yp U E v y , C r — i f a i of a e . o e 7 . x . 1 r z r RM H L 22 . oeni eil . 959 C eut be N OGO 8 , , g, ( I ) w dth f c W dth h d

- Pa at e . S R NAM : 1 9 Ta anahoni Sa ni i n f a . n te r yp U I E , p k , ime ea e an i o e e t s gr t r th w dth f c I t r

— 2 . 9 . v . 1 954 . . Gei sk es RMNH L0002 9 , D C j ( J ) im eu tori a l d i st a n c e t es clyp s

- — T n i u a i an e ei . e o o o Etymology For Michael Robertson . h ght t r c l r d st c l times longer than clyp eus high . C yp C a u n c l l a c idea S ha rk e i ea e . s . y y L th rs p Ven eus c ompletely filled in but uneven . B 2A i . 3 1 F gs , a ma in of eu flat or on a e . tr l rg clyp s [ ] , c c v D iagnos is — O v ip o si to r sh ea th bl a ck Area around clypeus with serie s of la rge with some yellowish orange in apica l crenulae and S ha rp ridge sep a ra ting from ime i e 1 2A . f a e . a e third (but black a t apica l tip) (Fig . ) rest o f c F c t s w d r Ma a utu e a a e e 2 Su tu rifo rm a rticul a ti o n with S h a ll o w than high . l r s r p r ll l d by [ ] M a a e ime e e i . a 7B . n a i e 5 e groov e (as in Fig . ) Stro gly r s d r dg s l r sp c t s y

i . bump on p etiole rectangula r (a s in Fig . he ght M es osoma — Me o s om a 8B) . s m i ime on e a n i . ono u Len th mm . g . t s l g r th h gh Pr t w th — — No taulus Head n enn a i 54 58 57 a e ee moo oo e an e io . A t w th [ ] fl g l d p , s th gr v t r rly

l m r n n a an dor not im e e o r ea im e e . o e es . S a e o e e c p l g r v tr lly th pr ss d , [w kly pr ss d] i - i e o e a i a o e e een me o u um and u e sa lly . Sc ape w th shelf l k pr c ss p c l B rd r b tw s sc t sc t l

- l a in re a i a S e lum i a ina e oo e . o e e een y, l ck g p p c l h lf, w th c r t gr v B rd r b tw i me os cu um and u e um a in me i times l onger than m a xima lly wide . F rst s t sc t ll l ck g d fla ellomere ime on e an a ina me ian a ea not en a e or g t s l g r c r ; d r l rg d , 1 74 JO URNAL OF HYMENOPT ERA RESEARCH

O i o i o ea S i i on e o a o e . enla rged into a median pit . Propod l p w th c v x d rs l b rd r v p s t r a e o a ime i e an ime o en . r cl v l , t s h gh r th t s b dy l gth

— Y i o a n e a nd a . olor . e o wide . C ll w sh r g bl ck Fore tibia times longer than Hea d bla ck exc ept maxilla ry and labia l u n t a e a com a o . fore femur . Fore t rs s l t r lly p alpomeres yellowish orange e e ime on e an Me o oma e o i o an e e e ro pr ss d , t s l g r th s s y ll w sh r g xc pt p basita rsus o e emu . o e and mid e e o f r f r F r pleu ron black . Fore l gs y ll w imes on e an i e ime i i ia me ime t l g r th w d , t s ish orange except m d t b So t s mu m r . in e longer than second tarso e e H d f r black in apica l qua rter and telotarsus of ime on e an i e , in . in t s l g r th w d mid ta rsu s black . H d co xa black H d in i ia ime on e an basitarsus . t s l g r th H d t b o an e a or e o i o an e . tr ch t r bl ck, y ll w sh r g

times longer than basitarsu s . Hind tro c ha ntell u s y ell o wi sh o r a n g e . O u e and inn e in i ia S u and t r r h d t b l p rs Hin d femu r yellowish orange in b a sa l

ime on e an in ba sitarsus . t s l g r th h d a a in a i a a or mo a h lf, bl ck p c l h lf, stly bl ck Hin d basitarsus times longer but yellowish orange in b a sa l twelfth . than wide . Hind tibia m o stly bla ck but yellowish or Fore wing vena tion: [ 1 M and 1 cu - a in in a u a . in ange b a sa lly . H d t rs s bl ck Fore w g - tersect or 1 cu a in e e Cu i a 1 M . ] , t rs cts d st d an e : e o a e o a o a b d d y ll w , bl ck, y ll w , bl ck , c st RS + M b om e e u u a or o en ( ) , c pl t ly t b l r br k in e o . in e o in a a a y ll w H d w g y ll w b s l h lf, apica lly . 1 M times longer than blac k apica lly . — 1 R . 2M i S t mes longer then r m . T — erga 1 4 yellowish orange . Tergum 5 1 m- cu ime on e an t s l g r th r , e o i o an e or e owi o an e an y ll w sh r g , y ll sh r g times as thic k a s ZRS teriorl a o e io or a o a y, , ime n - R a bl ck p st r rly bl ck d rs l t s lo ger than r m . 3 S l e o i an T o e a e a . e m 6 y, im e on e an r- m ime y ll w sh r g l t r lly rgu t s l g r th , t s ac or a o a e o i o an e n R bl k, bl ck d rs lly, y ll w sh r g lo ger than r . 3 Sb times longer a e a or m o e o i o an e i n C + + l t r lly, stly y ll w sh r g w th tha r . SC R and I RS forming an an ° om e a n i o a e o . Te um 7 — t gle of 67 73 Fore wing length s bl ck sp s t r rly rg a or a o a e o i o an e bl ck , bl ck d rs lly , y ll w sh r g mm . a e T a . e u m i 8 a c . O o i o Hind wing vein Rl a times lon l t r lly rg bl k v p s t r er an - ea a i ome e o i o an e g th 1 r m . sh th bl ck w th s y ll w sh r g

— in a i a i but a a i t t . Metasoma Ba se of petiole not deeply p c l th rd ( bl ck p) is tribution a nd ma teria l e a exa mined . xc v a ted . First t ergit e with str on gly D a i e ec an u a Kno n on om e o a i of i r s d r t g l r bump . First tergite with w ly fr typ l c l ty D rk oo S ina m 4 a e . 1 e a c a ina ose a , 9 9 6 e amine . l t r l r cl ly p ralleling median sh p ur , x d um but not o min no c e a in b p f r g t h s , l ck g Ho o t e 9 . S R NAM : i 1 s oo 21 . v . 963 l yp U I E D rk h p , , p air o f la teral ca rin a entirely sep a ra ted - . v . d . ec t RMNH L 000203 . Pa at es . R J V h , ( J ) r yp SU om me ian u I m . Fi e i e fr d b p rst t rg t NAM : i s oo 2l . v . 1 9 . v d . : 63 . ec 3 9 9 E D rk h p , , J V ht imes on e an i e . o t l g r th w d B rd er between RMNH— L000236 000238 ( J , , 1 6 (RMNH i and econ e i e ai i L f rst s d t rg t str ght w th edges J 000237) . cu in a n e i rv g t r orly . Second median tergite — s moo i i e e a e in - Remarks e imen of i e ie th, w th sl ghtly l v t d p ched up All sp c s th s sp c s a ea an e i a r t r orly . Suturiform a rticula tion pp ea r to ha ve b een co llected with a fly

i ea - , smoo M S a e ea a e or imi a in um n m m r ; e . So e o w th w k th h p d , w kly sw tt r s l r str t a c e oo e; i a ina a on an e io holo ical a a e e e ia on inu r h d gr v w th c r l g t r r p g ch r ct rs , sp c lly c t ma i n . Secon e i e ime lon ous one m a be i o e in i desc ri rg d t rg t t s s , y d st rt d th s p er an i e , imes i g th w d t longer t on . an i e i e . T — th th rd t rg t hird tergite Et molo For Mi a f y gy cha el . Sh rkey o ' J es on e a n i l g r th w de . Hyp opygium The ni e i of K U v rs ty entucky .

1 76 JOURNAL O F HYMENO PTERA RESEARCH

o ica Institute and im Wi e a t the o i a S a e nd sec on e i e s a i i e e l g l , J l y Fl r d t t a d t rg t tr ght w th dg s i o was su o e C ollection of Arthrop ods . Th s w rk pp rt d e n e i e i curving anterio rly . S co d t rg t w th by the Ha ro ld and Leona Ri ce End owment for Sys s on in e - u a ea not ea in tr gly p ch d p r r ch g — tematic n omo o NSF an DEB 0093392 to DD . E t l gy, Gr t turiform a i u a ion i i e i e . Su u the eo e e uson n o men un and th rd t rg t rt c l t w th J dd , G rg F rg E d w t F d , ea m oo V- a e ea a e the S Weste n o es nsec Collectionf NSF w k, s th, sh p d , w kly rch d U DA r F r t I t an DEB—0205982 to Mi e S a e su o e the groove; with ca rina present a long anterior Gr t k h rk y pp rt d collecting of new sp ecimens in C ol ombia . n e i e ime lon ma rgin . Seco d t rg t t s er an i e ime on e an g th w d , t s l g r th LITERATURE CITED T i i e ime third tergite . h rd terg t t s

. . A i i n f th u Ac te e van 1 979 . e s o o e s ami h rb rg , C r v bf ly ium i fla t longer than wide . Hyp opyg w th H m en t a B a ni . Zelinae a uc . o e co ae t ( y p r , r d ) i i to con e o a ma in . O o o ri — [ v x] d rs l rg v p s t r Tidj sch ft voor Entomologie 1 22 : 241 4 79 .

H . . A . amu n and . M . A ne R . S Nis i a . ime o en . e so t s b dy l gth r tt, , G l , G h d

— 1 993 . The insect and s ider collections o the world n i e a e ce a e a a p f , Color. E t r ly bl ck x pt l t r l p rts h d

2 ed . San i an ain i . e es e 31 0 . — dh ll Cr , G v ll , FL pp of terga 1 3 reddish orange and sometimes

k . uic e . . 1 997 . u ami Br . S aconinae . 68 Q , D L bf ly Pp J ba sa l p a rts of fore tarsus and entire or api 83 in: R . A . Wha n . . M . o Ma s and M . . rt , P r h , J cal a of in trochantellus e o i or Manual o th S a e eds . e New World enera o p rts h d y ll w sh h rk y , f g f in i the amil Braconidae m an e r r d . H n a e o ter . n na i g o e W gs ent rely blac k . f y ( y p ) I ter t onal Socie of H m n t ri ts Wa i n t n e o e s s o D C . is tribution and ma t rial y p , , D e exa mined . ty h g

ui k . . . D l . c e and A . A n w e obel 1 995 . e Neo Q , D L Kn own only from typ e loca lity at La Sel J i o ca braconine H m . B a ni ( , co ae) a asi ic Ri tr p l y r d p r t va o a c a . mi 3 9 9 e a ne . ’ , C st x d on Bruchid ae E ntomologist s Monthly Mag az ine 1 1 : 2 — 3 1 5 221 . Ho ot TA R e 9 . S A: He e ia : . La Se a l yp CO IC r d F lv ,

S a M . . nd R . A . e a W a ton . 1 997 . M h rk y , o o o km . h r rph l gy 3 S Pt . i . 1 7 . o e o 4 iv . H 98 H A . es enheide V j , , p J and t min — e o o . . 9 1 in: R . Wha n . — 38 A . o E UW r l gy Pp , S L00023 . r P ( J 0) Paratypes . COSTA RICA : Here t

M. Ma s and M . . S a Manual e eds . o the ia : r h , , d 1 . La P . f 9 Se a 3k m . h rk y S to i . e o 1 iv . 1 9 80 H. A . , F lv , V j , , J New World enera o the amil Braconidae H me Hes enheide ESUW— L0001 07 1 LaSelva R g f f y ( y p ( J ); 9 , es . n o tera) . n e na iona Societ of H menO teristS Sta 24 — p , W . . Hanson M I t r t l y y p S L0001 01 . , J (E U J ) W in as on D C . h gt , — Vill m e ant . and . Simb l . o otti 2000 . Une nou e e Remarks o o a ion a ea s a mo , C G v ll C l r t pp r l st ’ es ece de C claulacidea a it i i a p y p ras e d un charancon en to . adairae but can be n d t c l C , co sis rav ageur du p a lmier Euterpe oleracea a u Bré sil tently distinguished using the dia gnostic H meno te a B i a c on a e . Revue ra n aise ( y p r , r d ) f c c a a e in th k ’ e e . h r ct rs y d Entomolo ie NS 22: 1 7— g ( ) 6 1 71 . Et molo — For i iam y gy W ll E . and Aman d n X 1 a M . S yder o f Wa shington Sta te Uni APPENDI

e i . The o o in new s ecimen v rs ty f ll w g p s of C . bruchivorus e e e ami n w r x ed in this stu dy : BRA ZIL : 4 9 9 Rond on i a Faz . Ranc o an 2k K O M , e 6 m S . A i uemes 1 2 TS , AC N WLEDGE EN h Gr d r q ,

22 . 1 - xi . 991 , E M . is e TAM L000047 000048 F h r ( U J , , We t an i To nz en for e i ArcGIS a i h k ll w h lp w h , G v n 000247 B I : J t , A 1 9 Ru ena a ue De to . OL VI , rr b q , p B oa and ona uic k e for Q commen s on the man Beni 1 7 — 5m x . l 9 56 L . r d D ld E . t , , ena O SUO L0001 1 , P ( J 08); 9 , uscri t a , nd the o o in eo e who e p f ll w g p pl h lped to ro Ru ena a ue Rio Beni Mu o B io . Ex , . l 21 p l x . 9 rr b q , lf rd p , i e s ecimens for t i s s u : Bob Zu ark o a t CAS 1 922 — M. W . M v d p h t dy p , ann (USNM L000245 1 9 Huac i J ); , h and the ni e sit of a i o nia Be e e U v r y l f r rk l y , olin Beni Mu o — Bi . o Ex l . C C , ix . 1 92 1 1 92 2 Wm . . lf rd p , , M Mann B amme at M S, Sco t S a a t ESUW Yan — r r U h w , eth Mu TAM L00 24 E t ( 0 6 . S R NAM : U J ) 1 9 Tibiti sa anne U I E , v , — noz Sa a a t IAVH a i at MNHN b , D v d , l exandre Su inam — A e . 1 94 8 1 949 i . 1 7 . 1 949 i . . Ge ak es r Exp , , D C j A uia a t MZSP ees van , Ac e e a t RMNH Bob R — g r K ht rb rg , ( MNH L000249 1 9 Re u i 1 J ; e 1 0 . v . 963 ) , p bl k , , W a ton a t T M a , i Smit at USNM i i — . v . h r A U D v d h , Ph l p d . Vecht RMNH J ( L000250 1 9 Ta anahonie J ); , p , ausen a t the ni e si of Minnesota o l U v r y , J e or ier a t ieta et t t e . C F 5 v . 1 9 52 , . . Gei s k es RMNH Dr bb j , D C j ( Saint ouis ni e sit Hen i ou et a t th C L U v r y , r G l e ana dian L000251 1 9 C w J o ahk a 1 ; 2 . iv . 1 9 2 , . i k ) 6 . Ge s es , , D C j a tiona o ec tion Phi i e ins at th l ll , l p P rk e Museum of RMNH— L0002 N C 52 . ( J ) om a ati e Z o o o (Ha a ni e sit Ma t C p r v l gy rv rd U v r y) , r h a The on new s ecimen f m ly p o C . atilei ex amined in o t s a t the ni e s it o f entuc R P U v r y ky , ob ert Sites at t i t K s stu : MB A : 1 9 ma z ona s PNN Ama h dy COLO I , A , the Wi u R . Enns E ntomo o M lb r l gy useum (University ca acu , Moca ua 1 50m 1 2 y , A . a n e g , P re t of Misso u i a i Wa a t th r ) , D v d hl e America n Entomo IAVH — L0002 ( J 01 ) . HYM . RES . J .

— Vol . 2005 . 1 77 1 81 , pp

N otes on H os t S ea rching by the Paras itic Wasp Z a l to a s tra g yp g A s hm ea d (Hymenoptera : B raconida e: B raconina e) in Kib al e Fores t U an a , d g

. . I K LA RE DONALD L QU C E AND NINA M . U NNE J

DL i ision of io o m e ia o e e London Silwood a am us ( JQ) D v B l gy , I p r l C ll g , P rk C p , Asco e s i e SLS 7PY UK and t, B rk h r , , e a men of n omo o The a u a is o Museum Lon on SW7 5BD UK : D p rt t E t l gy , N t r l H t ry , d , NML innis Museum of a u a is o Zoo o ica Museum n omo o ica i i si on ( ) F h N t r l H t ry , l g l , E t l g l D v ,

7 - . Rautati k a tu 1 4 i i P O Box 1 . n e 000 e s o f e sink i in an . (P FIN U v r ty H l , F l d

Abstract — Fema l es of more th an one sp ecies of the braconine w asp g enus Zaglyptogastra w ere o se ed onmu i e occasions o in i ei i mo i e o i osi o s in o dead ood b rv , lt pl , pr b g w th th r h ghly b l v p t r t w through the exit h ol es ma d e by various b eetles (Sc olytid ae and oth ers) whi c h w ere th emselv es i en a the u u f th i i in i n far too sma ll to be h osts of the w a s p . G v th t str ct re o e ov p os tor th s ge us ec udes d i in it is o osed a the in e sec ions of u o s of sma e ee es i ose p r l r ll g , p r p th t t r t b rr w ll r b tl w th th ur ai in of the actua l h ost provides one p ossib le route b y whic h h osts can be l ocated . O f l ure to f d any p arasitized h osts in the sub strate the w as p s w ere prob ing sugg ests th at th eir mod e of h os t

l oc ation is not v ery reliab l e .

H ost records are not available for ab ou t h a v e r em a rk a bly m o d ifi e d o v ip o si t o rs ha lf of the p a ra sitic wa sp genera known tha t app ea r to be a dapta tions to either om the Afrotro ica l Re ion and for fa r ene a in un e the e e of a o re fr p g , p tr t g d r dg h st ’ fewer if we consider only tho se genera trea t or steering the wa sp s ovip ositor tip ’ n i in h a ui k e l 99l b a are en emi to the on inen . e t e o e e c th t d c c t t Ev w th h st s r tr t (Q , Za l to astra has the en e o are e en in the i e a e uick e et al . wh r c rds pr s t l t r tur , Q g yp g i i r f h i s i o o me there are p otentia l probl ems . Misidentifi ap c al th rd o so o t e ov p o t r f r d ca tions of either host or p a ra sitoid or b oth in to a series of (typica lly three) a rch - like are not in e uen and for a a i oi of e ion in ommon i ou m o e de fr q t, p r s t ds r g s c w th , th gh r on ea e o in a i u a e e is the veIO ed an in Undabracon uick e Ser c c l d h sts p rt c l r th r p th Q , o em of mis—a o ia ion o e 1 994 rundabracon van e e and e e a pr bl ss c t (N y s , Acht rb rg s v r l S a 1 994 The ne i ue is a tersilochine and crem a s tine i hneumon h w , xt ss th t c The me ani of the o i o i o of a t even if a goo d ho st record exists fo r a ge ids . ch cs v p s t r nus the i e ihoo is a for m o ene a ea ome Za l to astra e ie e e , l k l d th t st g r l st s g yp g sp c s w r e e is on one o e o so ene a o e o u t u i c k e 1 99 1 b who th r ly h st r c rd , g r l w rk d by Q ( ) w o o e a u in the o e ovi i in is a i u ine . e e e e s g r sky b s ss H r r p rt sh w d th t, by p sh g l w r on sp ecies of the bra c onid genus Zaglyp p o sitor v alv es p o steriorly rela tive to the to astra m ea ic u e a the u e a e the o e ti of the ovi os g Ash d wh h s gg sts th t pp r v lv s , wh l p p host a ssociations of the\ genus may be itor c an be b ent ventra lly through more m o r e c ompl ic a t ed th a n p r e v i o u sly than This gives Zaglyptogastra fe thought ma les the ability not only to a c c es s hosts Zaglyptogastra is a genu s of la rge wa sps m o re ea sily but also to sting— though the ’ H w (up to 2cm bo dy len gth) tha t a re restricted effect isn t v ery p a inful (p ers . o i a o one of sev e e a on e uence of i o i o i o to the PalaeotrO ics . s p It ls v r , c s q th s v p s t r e a ene a and ec ie of B raconina e a mo i i a ion in i the a e of the u r l g r sp s th t d f c t , wh ch p x p 1 78 JOURNAL O F HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH

i n the a e e e is i a un and oa oa . O n o o a o per va lv typ c lly bl t br dly r d b th cc s s , w sps w r oun e is a the ema e a ann o een o in ei o i o i o in o ma r d d , th t f l w sps c t s pr b g th r v p s t rs t s ll

’ ’ drill through so lid subs trate to reac h round beetle emergence holes (Fig . ei o or e en ea ei ovi osi i at the e on i e a ea e to be th r h sts , v thr d th r p wh ch s c d s t , pp r d tors through the na rrow c rac ks and fis long to sc olytids tha t ha d develop ed with sures that many p a ra sitic wa sps probably in the woo d (presence of scolytids wa s do (Gauld There are no absolutely verified by dissection and discovery of - th definite host rec ords for Zaglyptogastra cha ra cteristic sub c ortica l ga lleries) . At e e ie ou e e is c om e in evi e on Si e we a e to saw the an sp c s , th gh th r p ll g s c d t st rt d br ch dence tha t one species is a pa ra sitoid of tha t the w a sps ha d b een probing with a ae of the e am ci ee e Dir h a ei o i o i o for u u e i e ion and l rv c r by d b tl , p y th r v p s t rs f t r d ss ct , rince s o an o e 1 962 as I hiaulax u in one a u e a em a e Za l to astra p p J rd , (Cr w [ p d r g p s , f l g yp g El- Heneidy and Quick e a mi a lighted on the log and sta rted probing Dir h a h r i i in h n r f in a i a . o pest o coffee E st Afr c p y e ov p o s to r to t e saw cu t. rince s o e co ee t i and m a e In 2004 to 4 ema e ea re re p p b r s ff w gs k s , up f l s , cl rly p a o e at in e a a on the i en in two e ie a e on i e and col fr ss h l s t rv ls l g tw gs , s t g sp c s (b s d s z and it was u o e a it was ou o a ion See uick e l 99l a e e o e e s pp s d th t thr gh r t ; Q ) w r bs rv d , e e a o e a the Za l to astra o e a e io of e e a a ea in th s fr ss h l s th t g yp g v r p r d s v r l d ys , s rch g aine ac i g d cess to ts presumed host . and ovip ositor probing into small b eetle eme en e o e in a h r rg c h l s o oz ontal trunk (c . O BSERVATIO NS 1 5cm dia meter) approxima tely 2 m off the O bserv a tions were made in b oth Au ground of a Trilepisium madagascariense u 2003 and u u 2004 nea Ma e e e . . Bos ueia h g st A g st r k r r D C q p oberos B aill . ) (Mora

ni e i io o i a ie S a ion Kan ceae ee i ha - U v rs ty B l g c l F ld t t , y ) d een u oo e due tr wh ch b p r t d a a a Ki a e a iona a e an to the a w r , b l N t l P rk, W st Ug of an a a en eltis a ricana f ll dj c t C f da in an a ea of mon ane ain o e a m . . , r t r f r st th t Bur f (Celtida ceae) tree strangled by Pi was i o e in 1 960 ea 1 4 in cus brach le is W l l ghtly l gg d (Ar y p e w . Ex Hiern (Mora Struhs a k er Mu i e em a f e o c eae . The Trile isium ha d man a lt pl f l s ) p y bl ck , a a ea e to be a in e Za l to as a oa - i e mo e or e o n and wh t pp r d s gl g yp g ch rc l l k , r l ss r u d tra e ies e e o e e o i i sp c w r bs rv d v p os tor prob slightly raised funga l p a tches the centres in in o eac of two ea in Ki g t h d d trees b a le of many of which had one or more sma ll in 2003 and mu i e ema , t e of a t ea t i u a ee e eme en e o e and it l pl f l s l s c rc l r , b tl rg c h l s , two ecie e e o e e and i me wa sp s w r bs rv d ( f l d) s prima rily in these tha t the Zaglypto o i os i o o in on a ea - , u oo e astra ema e o e ei o i i v p t r pr b g d d p r t d g f l s pr b d th r v p o s tors . ee in Ki a e in 2 004 . tr b l All these wood substra tes w ere re th e i o f the 2003 o e a ion i e mo e for i e i n t At f rst bs rv t s t s , v d d ss ct o a a more c onvenient

' in the o e near a ee a a u to 4 i o a . Th i f r st tr f ll , e i . e . the m a an in g p p l c l ty f rst ( s ll, st d g, m e a e e e een S i in on or o in ea e n f l s w r s tt g , pr b g d d tr e) a d the Trilepisium yielded not in o an , a o ima e 2m i ea i t ppr x t ly h gh d d a s ngle suitable p otentia l host a t the site sma ee un a o im a ll tr tr k ppr x tely 1 0cm in of in e es a t a ou 1 m a o e the o n t r t b t b v gr u d , ia me e S i ( e ) . Mos e e c oncen a in d t r t A t w r tr t g though one la rge beetle la rv a was found ei a en ion n o a ma e ion of run nea the a — th r tt t s ll r g t k e . For the oa s i e ee dis r b s r d d tr , a o ima e m a o e the oun e ion e ea e ppr x t ly b v gr d , s ct r v l d severa l suitably siz ed but ou one or two in i i ua e e oc a i e i th gh d v d ls w r ct v ( . e . unp a ra lysed and therefore pre ca siona ll o s y e e in es i a in nea the s umabl b rv d v t g t g r y unp a ra sitised) beetle la rv a e im ase o f the ea b d d tree . m ia ed tely b elow the b a rk and a few ap a sec on 2003 S i e i e ( , u to ee aren l At d t s t B) p thr p t y consp ecific ones tha t ha d b ored ema es e e o se f l w r b rved probing a small ee e in o th , d p r t e sub s tra te presumably to ea e , e ee the i e d d f ll d tr by s d of a fo restry m a e u a ion a m k p p t ch bers . 1 4 N 2 2005 VOLUME , UMBER , 1 79

‘ ’

Fi 1 . Za l to as tra hot s o s o in man sco i ee e eme en and i aw g g yp g p t h w g y lyt d b tl rg ce holes f eld s for sca le .

At the roa d - Side tree and on the Trile DISCUSSIO N isium it wa s o i e to o e e how p , p ss bl bs rv Althou gh the new obs erv a tions present Zaglyptogastra females u sed their antenna e ed e e do not o i e a n e ini e o in i h r pr v d y d f t h st dur g host searching . Wh le antenn a e of e o for the enu e do in i a e a r c rds g s , th y d c t set and of living fema les norma lly Show n m e of o en ia im o an oin . n i 2 u b r p t t lly p rt t p ts o e a ea u e Fi . A a o o e sp c l f t r s ( g ; rr w) , th s i e e is the o i i i a Za l - F rstly, th r p ss b l ty th t g yp of ho st locating fem a les are sha rply an to astra e ie a a in ee e o in e en a o e to ei i e e ia g sp c s tt ck g b tl h sts gl d v tr lly cl s th r t ps , sp c lly a e ie e of ea oo m a ome in a - l rg r p c s d d w d y s e a ie Fi . 2B E a nd it eem l t r l V w ( g ) , s s ime nec e a i u i i e the o in s a nd likely tha t this is an a d apta tion to p ene t s ss r ly t l s b r g e i o e ma e o e in e u a s tra tin g the Op enings of p otentia l in term e x t h l s d by th r s cts (s ch ia u o i ) to ain a e s to the ee e bur d ry burrows s ch as tho se of sc olytids . sc lyt ds g cc s d p r f ui a au a nn Subsequent dissection of the l ength of the rows o s t ble hosts bec se they c ot ‘ ’ - i i roa d side log where the w a sps were ovi dr ll through a sol d w ood substrate

‘ - em e e . Se on a e e a ema e p ositor probing revealeck s everal ceram th s lv s c dly , th t s v r l f l s i f in b cid a ae m o in the am ia a e e e o e e , o e a e o o a , y l rv , stly c b l l y r w r bs rv d v r p r d d ys f and app a rently too sm all for p a ra sitism by v estigating pieces o substra te that up on the Za l t few a e is se ion e e oun to be e o i of ui g yp ogastra fema les . A l rg r d ct w r f d d v d s t cerambycid larv a e deep er in the wood able hosts p oints to the use of unreliable e e a o oun but none of em ha d o - ea in c ue a nd it is em in to w r ls f d th h st s rch g s , t pt g een a e u a e a e e ma in a in b p ra sitized or p a ra lysed . sp c l t th t th s y p rt v olve JOURNAL O F HYMENO PTERA RESEARCH

A in i i ua om o est site stin in senio au o hi e a o i in Za l to astra ema es . ( 2 . Fi . L v g g yp g f l , d v d l fr f r g g r th r w t rr w g in in ac a o in icates in dicates the strongly b ent ovip ositor apex with sh arp er lower v a lv es penetrat g Sk ; bl k rr w d n not ost sea c in B- E ema e om oa - si e site: B inse tin o i osito in o the unbent antenn a e whe h r h g); f l fr r d d , r g v p r t tai om B os -sea c in eet e eme ence o e note a ica st on en an enn a ti s a o s ; , e ; , , b l rg h l , p lly r gly b t t l p ( rr w ) C d l fr D E h t r h g

ema es a te a and ont ie s . f l , l r l fr v w

a i es om the o in of the sm a e a soc ia e i na s mi o en ea to v ol t l fr b r gs ll r s t d s g l , ght ft l d

- i s em in e in a lot of im e ea c in sub non host beetle intermedia ries . Scolyt d th v st g t s r h g ‘ ’ and sev era l other groups of ambrosia stra tes in which there are no suitable la rge beetles have obliga te rela tion ships with hos ts .

“ s m io ic un i a am T u The en in of the i of the an enn a y b t f g (Gr h h s , b d g t ps t sc o lytid and simila r infected woo d is like by ho st- sea rching fema le Zaglyptogastra ly to give off a reliable o d our cue for l o wa s c o mpletely unexp ec ted a s none of a ion of the un a o i em and man un e of set in i i a in mu c t f g l sc lyt d syst , y h dr ds d v du ls it is po ss ible tha t other p a ra sitoids that seum c ollections examined by the senior eme e in c ose a s soc ia ion i suc a au o S o an S i n of i o u e and rg l t w th h th r h w y g th s p st r , substra te might learn this p o tentia lly use sub sequent ex amina tion of antenn ae in ful cue and employ it during their initia l preserve d individua ls su gges ts no Sp ec ial - in th Z o ea c in ac i i ies . S e e a l m o i ac of h st s r h g t v t c g yp rpholog c a l fea tures . Given the l k togastra wa sps rep orted up on here have no interna l fla gellar mu scu lature in pterygote o e ea o ion for o oc a ion an to in ec a m n R mani e a 1 982 R . o th r r l pt h st l t th s ts (Ch p , p rs us e o e ma e ma non- o bee c omm the m e anism in o e a a i h l s d by s ll , h st , ) , ch v lv d w ts es en the u se o f for e a m e c o i i c o e . tl , th , x pl , s lyt d d s v ry U 1 4 N 2 2005 1 1 VOL ME , UMBER , 8

’ ACKNO WLEDGEMENTS p a rasito id record s : A tax onomist s view . Norwe gian Journal of Agricultural Science Supplement 1 6: We ou i e to e en since e t an s to the w ld l k xt d r h k — 59 69 . T o ica Bio o Association and in a ticu a to R0 r p l l gy , p r l r uick . . . 7 The W n a f bra e 1 98 . o e e o Q , D L Old rld g r J sie T e an for t ei su o u in our isit to r vely , h r pp r d r g v t r conine wasp s (HymenO ptera: Braconi d ae) . Jou i a e o n Kasenene of Ma e e e ni e si Bi b l , Dr h k r r U v r y K J t nal o Natural i t — f H s ory 21 : 43 1 57 . o o ica ie Sta ion for ee i enti ica ion the s a l g l F ld t tr d f t , t ff . l 9 l a . T i uick e . . 9 he A can s ec ies of Za l Q , D L fr p g yp of MUBFS for all ei e and os i a i Rob J th r h lp h p t l ty , Dr togas tra (Hymenoptera) with a chec klist of world erto Romani (University of Perugia) for information — i . u a u : p ec es Jo rnal of N t ral History 25 755 771 . on insec an enna st uc u e and Ma S a for S t t l r t r , Dr rk h w

' 1 . i uick e . . . 991 b i os to mec ani cs of the Q , D L Ov p r h man y useful comments on an ea rlier dra ft of the MS . J braconi ne wasp genus Zaglyptogastra and the ich

ournal Natural LITERATURE CITED neumonid genus Pristomerus. J of — History 25: 971 977 .

2 . . a man R . . 1 98 The nsects Structure and Func Ch p , F I . M . . i t n and . a i . 1 . v i uic k e . . o H s 995 O Q , D L J , G F t , rr rd J i . Ho e Stouton n n . t on 3 e i ion . o o d t dd r , L d p ositor steering mechanisms in braconi d wasp s .

91 9 . pp — Journal of Hymenoptera Research 4: 1 1 0 1 20 .

1 9 2 . The i and c nt f Dir h a o e T . . 6 o o o o o Cr w , b l gy r l p y J — S a M . R . 1 994 . a asi oi ost an es . . 1 1 1 1 44 h w , P r t d h r g Pp ni ricornis i e a est of co ee in en a Co g Ol v r , p ff K y (

: A . and W . ee an ed . arasit in Ha in s B . S s wk , h h , P ou nal o the ntomolo leoptera : C erambycid ae) . J r f E g

oid ommunit colo . o ni e sit ess y gy Oxf rd U v r y Pr , — C E ical Society of South Africa 25: 304 31 2 . Oxfo rd . - i k . 1 1 . Th n El Heneid A.H . and . . . u c e 99 e o y, D L Q I d J 2 . H an l i de i nd S a M . R . 003 ost es of A e o s s ec es a h w, r g p Australian Species of the braconine wasp genus 2 — 27 in: M an ev olutiona ry hyp o hesis . Pp . 3 1 3 e Zaglyptogastra Ashmea d Journal of Natural His t it m n i a . and . ThurOcz eds . aras ic H e o — l k , G y, P y p tor 2 : 1 2 1 . C y 5 83 0

tera: Taxonomy and Biological ontrol . Ministry of n um ni ae f osta Ri ca . . 1 . Th au . 199 e c e o o C G ld , I D I h d C i u u and R i na e e men of Hun rican ntomolo ical nstitute A c e e o o 1 . Memoirs of the Ame E g I gr lt r g l D v l p t

— a , Bu a es . 47: 1 589 . g ry d p t

- l an A ri an rain orest: ak r T . T . 1 7 . co o o c m in Struhs e , 99 7 . un u insec mu ua is ees a am . 1 9 , 6 s E gy f f f Gr h K F g t t l tr Annual Review o ntomolo 1 2: 1 05 lo in in Kibale and the con ict between conse va and timb er . f E gy gg g fl r it f i a ess tion and ex loitation. ni e s o o 2 . 1 6 p U v r y Fl r d Pr ,

4 4 . f u i t aines i e USA . 3 . . i i No es . S 1 994 The e a i t o s e os y , J r l b l y p bl h d h G v ll , pp RE . HYM. S J . 1 2— 1 9 2005 . 8 0 Vol . , pp

' B r coni ae n ov . m n ra : a Tri a s trotheca l a iki iens is s . (Hy e opte d ) g p p A New Sp eci es of B roo d Paras iti c W as p that Attack s Foundres s Queens of T hree Co exi s tin Acaci a-ant Sp eci es in K enya g

UICKE M UR . ST T DONALD L . . Q AND A EEN L AN ON J

DL i ision of io o m e ia o e e Lon on Silwood a am us ( JQ) D v B l gy I p r l C ll g d , P rk C p , Asco e s i e SLS 7PY UK t, B rk h r , ; en e for o u a ion Bio o Silwood a am us Asco e s i e SLS 7PY UK and C tr P p l t l gy , P rk C p , t, B rk h r , ; e a men of n omo o The a u a is o Museum Lon on SW7 SBD UK D p rt t E t l gy, N t r l H t ry , d , , email : MLS Sec ion of o u ion and co o en e for o u a ion io o ( ) t Ev l t E l gy , C t r P p l t B l gy ,

ni e si of a i o nia a is CA USA emai : mlstanton@ucdavis . edu U v r ty C l f r D v , , , l

— v m Ken a is e c i ed and i us a ed . a la ik i i ns i ui ck e s . no . o s Abstr ct. Tri a s tro thec a e s g p Q p , fr y , d r b ll tr t It is s h o wn to be an ant broo d p arasite in c l austra l co lonies of three acac ia ant s p ec ies whic h

Th a a f T. laiki iensis . n v . n um ant a inha i Acacia dre anolobium o ns . e e o s o co s e e s ae b t p th r l rv p p gg , l rv B i i m wa n in 2 f ma a r mi n . t t m a ni rice s a d p up ae r ood p a ras t s s fou d up to 0% o Cre og s e os e and C . g p a mato a t r n occu ie o ns but was far a e in the case of Tetr onera enz i i. re s e ou d ess ueens p d th r , r r r p p g C g f r q

i e n T. laiki iens is . n v . ac e e s o a ae c ocoons and ecen ec ose a u s . t v ly d f d p p l rv , r tly l d d lt Tw n w m ina i n n n w in r i - o e co o s a d o e ne name ar : T . m b t e prop osed e s (Guerin Mé neville) comb . i - n v . n Ac in ria o o au o of . van e e S a inermis u in M n vill r man e é e e T. o i nom . ( th r ty C ht rb rg) [ p G r , nov . Coelodontus costator: Roman Ichneumon costator T un e 1 822 a unio omon m of ; h b rg , , j r h y

I hn um n costator n n 2 c e o 1 81 and T. ru o a o o a 0 s Sz é li ti c m . n v e o b o . Bracon ru osa Sz é li D v , ] g ( p g ) [ g p

e i K. ru osa: uick e Koc g t ; g Q h ,

Ke — words . Tri astrotheca Kenema oo a asi ism Cremato aster ordia ant co on oundin y g , , br d p r t , g , C , l y f g , new com ina ion new name b t ,

Man u an a ann a on a n c o o a c o ni i . n m y pl d s v s bl ck tt tr l lo es ( e . o es ad e by a newly i i so ls n E a st Africa are d omina ted by a S in ma ted queen who sea ls herself in a thorn le s e ies of s o en o n ant- ac a ia to ai e her i oo i in g p c w ll th r c , r s f rst br d) w th swo llen Acac ia dre a nolobium a m S o s ted t o ns n p (H r s) j th r o A . drepanolobium trees tha t d o Youn t l 1 e a . 99 Tai ( 8, i i in the not a e an o e a i e ma u e ant col g t W th h v y th r ct v , t r ano a e of i e a i e im e an c py l y r th s r l t v ly s pl pl t ony . These coloniza tion ta rgets are usua lly ommuni u to u , o e ie of e ia ma a in m a ma oc c ty p f r sp c s sp c l s ll s pl gs t ll) , but y iz ed s m io i a a ia - an oe i at in , y b t c c c ts c x st f e casionally be la rger trees rec overing from s a ia c a e e i e the a a A dr . e i u p t l s l s , d sp t f ct th t d st rbanc es such as fire o r prolonged anolobium os ee are a imi e re ou S an on p h t tr s l t d dr ght ( t t et al . C ompetition ou e for i m i i s rc wh ch sy b ot c ant colonie s among foundress queens for col onizable om e e in en i e oc in 1 97 ( 0, a m o en o n is in en e i a m o 80% c p t t s v ly H k g P l sw ll th r s t s , w th l st er et a l . 2000 2003 , , a me 2003 Youn et of oun e m i P l r , g f dr ss orta l ty in claustra l colonies

- - al . T ee o f e e a ia hr th s ca c ant sp ecies a ttributable to c omb a t with o ther queens Cremato aster mimosae San sc i ( . ni ri in to ni g ( t h ) , C g try g colo ze the same swollen thorn ce s m e a nd p ( ) , Tetra onera enz i i S an on et al 2 E . 002 n in . ry S a on et a l . e p p g ( t t , t t pr ss) (Ma )) o uce oun ueen i yr pr d y g q s wh ch a t Another maj or source of failure for clau s t p t em to ini ia e new in e en en c aus t t , d p d t l tra l foundresses is broo d p a ra sitism by a

1 84 JOURNAL O F HYMENO PTERA RESEARCH

Fi . 1 . Tri astrotheca laiki iensis ui k c e s . n ov . g g p Q , i e s a es : a mid ins a a a ee in n r ma a t r p l f t g , t r l rv f d g o C e stog s e ni rice s e s it o un ess ueen in o e i t g p T. laiki ien i ; , s s s . nov . coco on in gg w h f dr q l w r r gh b p p situ protected by C . ni rice s oun g p f dress q ueen . 1 4 N 2 2005 VOLUME , UMBER , 1 85

duced by a n overhang of the c o ria ceou s sc ulptu red d orsa l surfa ce over the true m a rgin in the new sp ec ies is closely sim ila t to tha t in Kenema serrata v an Achter e Si walt u e in a i mi b rg g , s gg st g th t th s ght be a s na om or h f r h y p p y o t e two sp ecies . e a u e of e e o er a ion the s non B c s th s bs v t s , y ymy of Kenema with Trigastrotheca o rigi na lly prop o sed by Quick e (1 987) is hereby u s pp orted .

Trig a s tro thec a l a ik ipiens is uick e new s eci e Q , p s in a a a f Tri astrotheca laiki iensis Fi . 2 . a e s o g L t t r l rv g p — (Figs 2 4) in n - remas uick e s . nov . ee o e e e o e Q p , f d g w ll d v l p d C

to aster ni rice s a a . g g p l rv Holot e male — ai i ia i e st ic en a . o ec yp f L k p D r t, K y C ll t ed 1 1 u 2001 at M a a R an J ly p l esearc h C entre by M . St

ton . Found sealed withi n a swoll en tho rn of Acacia dre anolobium i a c a us a co on of Cremato aster the k ey to the O ld World genera of Bra p w th l tr l l y g B a nigriceps ants . oh rt Museum of Entomogy; Univer coninae of Quick e

sit of a i o nia a is CA USA . y C l f r ; D v , The en Kenema was e e e a e on — g us r ct d b s d arat . es 2 9 9 and 1 d a i i ia is rict en a . P yp L k p D t , K y a in m a e im n m Sie a eone s gle l sp ec e fro rr L C ollected 20 July 2001 a t Mp a l a Resea rch C entre by

an n . un i hin n rn f van e e and e en M . St to Fo d sealed w t swolle th o s o ( Acht rb rg subs qu tly Acacia dre anolobium occu ie c aus a co oni es of a sp ecies from Senegal was described p p d by l tr l l

a . Crem togaster mimosae ants . BMNH by van Achterb erg and Sigwalt Ac o in to ei ia no i k e i e en of o mm o e in c rd g th r d g st c y, publ sh d L gth b dy , , f r w g in h m f i 7mm an nn a 2 . 7mm and a o ov t e a e ea a uick e 1 987 s n 3 . e s y r th t Q ( ) y , t p rt on miz ed Kenema i Tri astrotheca Ke o i o e e e e on a e of metaso y w th g , p s t r xs rt d b y d p x th nema differs from the la tter in tha t the 5 m a 1 mm . me a oma e i e om e e a an a ea on an e e en e se t s l t rg t c pl t ly l cks p H d str gly tr sv rs , d s ly i c o m edi a l p r o tub e r a nc e a n d i s l o n g er tose; m ore or less uniformly c oria ceou s h m t n nn a o u i 26— 27 fla o a e to the 4 it a o has e e o e . e c p r d ; ls l ss w ll rugul s A t r b st, w th T mina fla ellomere o u develop ed anterola tera l grooves on ter gellomeres . er l g r b st — M ia n a e i e 3 5 and o e in ein o i ina e and i in a umina e . e g t s , f r w g v r r g t s d st ctly c t d fl g l

i m i l m ere ma ina on e an i e . sl ghtly ore d sta lly on the ptero stigm a . o s rg lly l g r th w d B a sed on our exa mina tion of much ma te Height of clypeus : inter —tentoria l distance: ia in a io o e ion and a i ion en o io- o a i an e a e r l v r us c ll ct s , dd t t t r cul r d st c F c a lly members of b oth sex es of the new with distinct mid - lo ngitudina l ca rina on i e ie of Tri as trotheca e i e e o ome a o u in e i . sp c s g d scr b d b l w , s wh t pr tr d g upp r th rd W dth it is clea r tha t the p osterior m a rgin of the of hea d z height o f eye z shortes t d istance th 5 meta soma l tergite is not alwa ys triden b e tween eyes Eyes with short n i on mid - lon a e in Tri astroth In m a it i im e a e e ae . o eca . e s t t g l s s pl , sp rs s t Fr s w th str g though rela tively a little longer than in gitudina l ridge ending abruptly S ho rtly \ i o e a mo o e ene a an in the a e of the e o e a n e io o e u . o e o st th r g r , d c s b f r t r r c ll s P st r r c ll r new ec ie esc i e e e c an a e a ine an e e iame e of o e io ocel sp s d r b d h r , h v l tr sv rs d t r p st r r sma ll sub - p osterior m edia l hump tha t is lus z shortest dista nc e b etween p osterior presum ably a reduced expression of the ocellu s and eye ’

m a n m ia i the Me o oma a mo en i e c o ia eou . e e o e o n . e f l s str g d l p t Furth r, s s l st t r ly r c s finely serra te a pp a rent p o sterio r ma rgin of Nota uli well d evel op ed; mesoscu tum with h th the 4t and 5 meta soma l tergites pro a wea k bu t distinct mid - longitudina l ca JO URNAL O F HYMENOPTERA RES EARCH 1 86

" i r ma e o o e: a a e a itu ictu es of Tr ast oth a v . e t m nta e a s eca l iki iensis ui k e . no Fi . 3 . u o o c , g A g h b p r g p Q Sp , f l h l typ l t r l

as ect o sa as ect . p , b , d r l p

ono um a e a i a ee c en tano tum e mid - on i u ina rina . Pr t l t r lly w th d p r with c o mplet l g t d l e and i s n a om e e mid ulated cu rved groov w th tro g c a rina . Prop o deum with c pl t

- M - ina run sub longitudin a l stria tion below this . e longitu dina l (sub lamelliform) ca r S O pleuron with a wea kly depressed bro a d ning within a distinct c renula ted groov e; m es o eu a u u e and i an a a i is inc s a i sub - a e a a inae pl r l s t r , w th pp r w th d t t tr ght l t r l c r en tly wea kly sc lerotized a lm ost c omplete endin g a t level of spira cle just above a dis er l Me ian a ea o f me i st na u us below this . d r tinc t s trongly seto se pro tuberance; w th 1 4 N 2 2005 VOLUME , UMBER , 1 87

‘ ’ e C - a e en a e oo e be mem ane ea e i in ena i on curv d ( sh p d) cr ul t d gr v br w kly gr y sh, w g v t low i a e o e io i a few dis a n sp r cl ; p st r rly w th d rk brow to bla ckish . O vipo sito r p ale i an io - i e in o a in n e ae . t ct t r rly d v rg g sh rt c r brownish . Cla ws with sma ll but distinctly p ointed Variation — Some p a ra types are slightly n f mur z ti b a sa l lobes . Le gths of fore e bia : less exten sively ma rked with black or a u en of in fe a o n one ema e a a e a in t rs s L gths h d d rk br w , f l p r typ h v g mur z tibia z tarsus Hind fe d ark sp ots an tero— la tera lly on the prop o mur e o ime on e an u Th e m . e ma e has the o o eum scu v ry r bust, t s l g r th d l pr p d , ma ximally deep . tellum a nd most of the mesoscutum ex o e in ein 1 - M and 1 -SR + M mee e a mal me io - o e io a a m a F r w g v s t c pt s l d p st r r p rt , rk in at an a u e an e nea in ma in on the mi e of the l st me a oma e i e g c t gl r w g rg , ddl t s l t rg t , ° ein 1 - SR ho o min an an e of 85 and mal o mediola terall on the 3 rd v s rt, f r g gl s l sp ts y th + + n f in r : - R : i C SC R . e o e s 3 S and 4 i w th L gths v terg tes blackish . SR1 Vein r a risin g 0 28—0 3 Notes — Nine sp ecies of Trigastrotheca i ma a n om the a e of e o i ma . e o e ee es i i : inermis fr b s pt r st g Pt r st g h v b d cr bed prev ously T. f u in — im s on e an oa . en s o Mé nevill o m n v e o . on au t l g r th br d L gth (G er e) c b . ( in 2— R : — R : r—m in th i 3 S e or t of . v an ve s S. V y C Achterberg) [Spinaria 2- + i n r n - i — SR M S o e ha 1 m cu . ein nermis u in M n ill é ev e T. ni ri l ghtly l g t V G er , g — k 3 CU1 o min a ontinuou e i cornis ame on T. uic ei van e f r g c s curv w th C r , q ( Acht r

b . . r rn CU1 e T o ani nom . nov . Coelodontus b rg) ,

Meta som a strongly co riaceous . Tergites cos ta tor: Ro m a n; I chneumon cos ta tor 3— 5 with well develop ed an tero—la tera l tri Thunberg a juni or homonym of Ichneumon d i m a f r n t t r n 1 1 Y an a a ea . o e o in o 3 a d cos a o o o an 8 0 see u o gul r r s P st r r rg s D v , ; H rst th 4 m m i ru osa Sz é li eti com . eta so a l te rg tes appea rin g strongly man T. g ( p g ) b u B racon ru osa Sz é li eti K. r en a e but i is due to the on co n ov . d t t , th s str g g p g ; ri - serrata aceous ru go se sculptu re combin ed with gosa : Quick e Ko ch T. tricolor a ee o e io ma in a the in van e e 8: Si wa lt T. st p p st r r rg such th t ( Acht rb rg g ) , tri entata n e ein i i a c onfl uences of u a e ea of uick e n am T . d d v du l r g , ch Q I gr , (E d rl )

- i trilobata ame on . ea a o te io i e ed e a an d T. wh ch b rs p s r rly d r ct s t , C r overhan gs the true p os terior tergal mar The new S pecies described here can be i th i m al l o e e i e gins . Po ster o r ma rgin of 5 tergite of fe d stingui shed fro th r d scr b d ma le with deep sub - m edian semicircul a r sp ecies of Trigastrotheca by its sm aller size The a a en o e em a rginations crea ting sha rp m edia l p oint an d c olou r p attern . pp r tly cl s t - serrata i e u t e in ha v be ween them; la tera l to ema rgin a tions ly rela ted T. d ff rs f r h r o e i in i i o in the on ea con e i tin e e a i on . O o b rd r w th f s rr t v p s t r g fr s w kly v x , d s ctly la cking pre- a pica l dorsa l nodus and with stria te and without a mid - longitudina l c a no o e a l e ee i i e a t x4 0 in lat ina the m e o u um i a a n l w r v v t th v s bl ; r , s sc t w th h rdly y e a a n a e of notauli an d i ou a mid — o n i r l spect stro gly depressed a t a pex . tr c w th t l g o o a tion mo oc eou el o i tudina l i e the ono u m o o eum C l r stly hr s y l w w th r dg , pr t , pr p d va riable da rk ma rkin gs (ma rk on top of and mesopleu ron less heavily scu lptured ea o me in o two oin an e io and the a t e i ou m e o eu a u e h d f r d t p ts t r rly, l t r w th t s pl r l s tur lar ge m a rks on the media l and la tera l and s terna ulus . o es of the me o u tum me o e num l b s sc , s st r DISCUSSIO N an d me a oma e ni e a nd i i t s l st r t s) , w th wh t i s h e e o i e o n i u in a ine a as i es are k no n to a e i ni i an , l s s scl r t z d , l g t d l l P r t w h v s g f c t im a s on ma u e an t o onie in ome a long the po sition of the stern a ulus (i . e . p ct t r c l s s e o the e e e a of the me o em Mo is o n 1 999 eene but b l w d pr ss d p rt s syst s ( rr , F r An nn m an i is no t ea how omm on or e o o i a pleura l suture) . te ae bla c k; d cl r c c l g c lly bles whi tish with bla ckish tips; wing imp ortant brood p a ra sites o f a nt fo un JO U RNAL O F HYMENOPT ERA RESEARCH 1 88

" ma e o o e: a ea an e io m nta e ictu es of Tri astrotheca laiki iensis uick e . nov . e , , 4 . Auto o , Fig . g p r g p Q Sp f l h l typ h d t r r s t i mesosoma a e a as ec ea o sa as ec c scu e um o o eu m and l two me asoma e es; , , p t; b , h d , d r l p t; , t ll , pr p d t l t rg t d l t r l asp ect .

W a e n e e a ea to be ou the an i ue dresses might be . e h v ever ob s rv d pp rs thr gh pl t t ss , laiki iensis i in o en o n on and the o i o i o is i a ni e T . p w th sw ll th r s v p s t r typ c lly fur sh d ee o u ie m a u e o onie su i a i in o a no a nd a i o tr s cc p d by t r c l s , g w th d st ct d rs l dus p c d gesting tha t this p a ra site sp ecia lizes on the ventra l serra tions (Quick e We o laiki iensis en e broo d of young foundress queens (a lso see not k now how eggs of T . p t r Yu and Quick e the sea led chamb ers of clau stra l c olonies

i n - dre anolobium it is Man of the m o a e emen of the f a a ia a n on A . y p rt t l ts o c c ts p , but ho st-p aras ite intera ction desc ribed here re likely tha t female w a sps loc a te swollen Th n in i e and ma in o sc u e . e io o of Tri astrothe n n e uee b r b l gy g thor s with fou dr ss q s s d , ’ a ha i us n un r the ueen c s prev o ly bee known . Mor then pierce the thorn wa ll o q s phologically (presence of c omplete mid entry sea l to dep osit an egg within the on i u ina o o ea a ina the enu c a u l g t d l pr p d l c r ) g s l stra l c ha mber . a ea to be e a e to e e a a a re i in the a oni a e a a i i m of pp rs r l t d s v r l th t W th Br c d , p r s t s a s o ia e i a uc a s Sim licibra an is a e i on two e iou s c t d w th g lls , s h p ts r r , w th ly pr v sly con ui k Tes tud bra n i Mem c e o co u ck e and k no n e am es of its e o u ion . O , O w x pl v l t T f riaspidogastra Gra nger . If this is the c a s e b ers of the Neoneurus Haliday group o then the group m ay his toric a lly be a s so genera in the Euphorinae (previou sly c iated i is inc e in s on an tis ea e as the s u ami Neoneurinae but w th d t t sw ll g pl t tr t d bf ly , s ue ou in the o e a es o i os i ion see e s a 2 1 a re endo ara si et a l . 00 , th gh th r c s , v p t B l h w ) p O 1 4 N 2 2005 V LUME , UMBER , 1 89

" . . ma : i Fi 5 Au omon a e ic u e of Tri as trotheca laiki iensis uick e s . nov . e e o ot e e ai o f os e o g t t g p t r g p Q p , f l h l yp d t l p t r r h of me asoma o in a entation at os e io of 4t te i e is du e to o e an in and seta - ea in scu t , Sh w g th t d p t r r rg t v rh g g b r g lp

turation .

m a th B a Museum toids of a Wo e an S a Heyd on and Lynn Ki sey t e oh rt dult rk r ts ( h w graciously help ed with prelimina ry wasp identifica O ne Sp ecies of the New Wo rld bra conine van Ac e e in a o e us to ub tion . Kees ht rb rg k dly ll w d p genu s Compsobraconoides Quic k e p a ra sit lish on hi s id entification of Spinaria inermis and ad i un e o e een of Az teca an i in An Po z s f dr ss qu s ts l v g vised on the sta tus of Coelodontus costator. dy in ma i " i i . A d o t a in the pl ant Cordia nodosa Lam . lasz ek kin dly provid ed Automontage facil t es s a a s the s a a t the M a a Resea c en e ro o a ina eae Yu a nd uick e but lw y , t ff p l r h C tr p (B r g c ) ( Q T i s o was s u vided excellen lo gis ica l supp or . h w rk p other memb ers of this group ha ve mo re t t t po rted by NSF grants DEB - 9726663 and DEB-0089706 typic a l biolo gies for the subfamily (Fortier Yo un . me and T . . n on T . a to M . S a t t , P l r , P g a n i i i e d a 2004 . an en n N sh d , D J z , u publ sh d d ata) . LITERATURE CITED G iv en th a t the Trigas trotheca w a sp s

o a a in o e ion m ei o n - o i nd . mon e N. e e a Be s a R . . o ez aa , pr b bly g pr t ct fr th r f u l h w , , CL p V d , D g rl D h letic ta a and ta o 01 . Para ui k e . 20 . c e o t ou emi a cr sis or L . Q p y x x dr ss h sts hr gh ch c l yp J mi a inin : e a ua in the c a ss i ica io n o f mimi it o be in e e in to k no no c ch g v l t g l f t cry, w uld t r st g w braco nine wa sp s (Hymeno ptera : Braconid ae) us whether there is any differentia tion be ing 285 D2— 3 rDNA seq uences and mo rpho log een in i i a a a in the ee ant tw d v du ls tt ck g thr i lo ical ournal o t/1c Linneau So ica l ch a racters . B o g J f i a e e at our u i e . o e e , a — sp c s st dy s t s H w v r p rt ciety 73: 41 1 4 24 . om m a ion The Na tural Histor o British 11 1 o e S i a ia i n in o o 1 81 0 . o ono an . y f fr s l ght v r t c l r t , D v , E

90 . n n . IV . o o V l . X all mem e of the in i i ua een a re sects . o L d pp b rs d v d ls s IS the assem o f a nt co mmunities . 2000 . eene . m F r , D bly o o o i a e uni o m and e e rph l g c lly v ry f r , th r J ? — med ia ted by p a ras itoid s Oikos 90 : 79 88 . o e we u en con i e em to re re f r c rr tly s d r th p w c ies a nd 4 . ne s e is i a . 200 d . o tie . a n F r r, K N h d A p n in i J e a e S e e . t om so s s gl p c s host assoc iatio n bio l ogy o f Neo tro p ical C p

braconoides Quieke (Hymenop tera : Braco nid ae) . K O M TS AC N WLEDGE EN — Journal of Hymenoptera Research 1 3 : 228 233 . - des H meno F 4 . e Gué rin Mé neville . . 1 8 8 o n Lemboi and Monica Tu ne o i e e e , E Ordr y p J h r r pr v d d xp rt In: Vo a e en Ab ss inie e é c u é en an i e and lab assis ance on t i s o ec a nd Ste e e es . f ld t h pr j t, v t r y g y x t p d t 1 90 JOURNAL OF HYMENOPT ERA RESEARCH

— m i i n— c o oni z a n t a - in a ui of e e e . Ber o e o io e o s les anné es 1 839 1 843 (von Mr . L f bvr ) C p t t l t r d ff g ld - A ican Acacia ants . colo ical Mono a hs 72: an a is . , fr E g gr p tr d P r — t associa ions i the s o en 347 363 . 70 . nsec Hoc in B . 1 9 k g, I t w th w ll i Transactions o the Ro al ntomolo in ess . co o ca a ie s to ea co on o n acacias . pr E l g l b rr r rly l y h r f y E g t — — es a is men in th ee c oe is in acacia ant s e ical Society of London 1 22 : 21 1 255 . t bl h t r x t g p

i e s of o i fl cies in en a . nsec tes Sociaux . 9 . n ec e c W . 1 99 Mo ison . y rr , L I d r t ff t ph r d y K I Th Ta i i S . W . 1 992 . e e e a ion of a i i ia is t ic a asi oi s on the mec anisms of in e s eci ic t , v g t t L k p D r t p r t d h t r p f i i ia Moun n - en a . a e a a s B 2 Uni ecolo ia Berlin 1 21 : e , , com eti ion amon an s . O ( ) K y L k p t K y P p r p t g t g B n — e si of e ; ni e si of Nai obi . 1 1 3 1 22 . v r ty r U v r ty r

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d B . i w . 7 v A . a l 1 an c e e n S a t 98 . T ee new ht rb rg, C g hr S79 . gener a o f B raconinae from the Afrotropical re M . . an n and . M . T . . Y un S o a me T . o P l r , , P g, L t t , E ion (H m eno e a : B aconi ae ) . oolo ische Me - m a mi f an acacia g y pt r r d Z g . h n Wenk . 2000 S ort ter dy cs o — dedelin en 61 : 443 458 . lo ia g ant comm uni t in a i i ia en a . O eco y L k p , K y g

P. B . . k ll . Kin a a . . Yo un T . O e o u nd T M — g, , D , D y , (Berlin) 1 23: 425 435 . : — — Pa lmer . 1 998 . KLEE a long term multi spec ies 7 . W n a f br . . Th a uie e . 1 98 e o e e o Q k , D L Old rld g r J e i o e e c usion e e imen in aiki ia Ken h rb v r x l xp r t L p , u conine wasp s (Hymenoptera : Braconi d ae) . Jo r A i an ou al r ya . fr c rn of Ran e Fo a e Science 1 4: 94 — J g g nal of Natural History 21 : 43 1 57 .

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ui . . . . . ck e and S N In am . 1 993 . Braconi ne Q , D L gr J Y . . . . A . . 1 997 . oun T P H S u l e ie an d . s e g, , C t bb f ld , L I b ll m wasps of Australia . Me oirs of the Queensland Ants on s wollen- tho rn acac ias: Species c oexi s — Museum 33: 299 336 . ecolo ia Berlin 1 9 tence in a simple s ystem . O g ( ) 0 - ui k e D . L . . an . . c d oc 1 990 . Di e Braconin ae T Q , J F K h y — 98 1 07 . pen der beiden bedeutendsten HymenO pteren d . H tmann . 1 97 . A a a u f Yu . S . an o s 9 c o e o , D K r t l g Samm un n d e er DDR . eutsches ntomolo ische l g D g Memoi E o c neumoni ae H meno e a . s w rld I h d ( y pt r ) r i — 7: 21 2 7 . e tsch i t. 3 3 2 Z rf o the American ntomolo ical nstitute 58 : 1 f E g I ,

a . . S , S R 1 993 . se a i ons on the o i ositiona W ...... m acon id h w Ob rv t v p l Yu . and u ick e 1 997 Co sobr o es , D D L Q p J e a io o f Neoneurus mantis an ant— associa e b h v r , d B aconi ae: Braconinae the i st meno e an t ( r d ) , f r hy pt r a asi oi om W omin H meno : Bra p r t d fr y g ( y ptera ectO parasitoid of a d ult Az teca ants (Hym enop — coni ae . ournal o nsect Behavi r 6 : 4 o 6 9 658 . : ou nal o H meno tera Research d ) J f I tera Fo rmi cidae) . J r f y p tant — . T . . S on M L . M alm e an d T . . Y un . , o 2002 . : 41 , P r, P g 6 9 421 .

1 92 JO URNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH

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— Male — imi a Hol otyp e: m a l e PANAMA : D a ri en Prov ince: S la r to P ppognatha panamen a ue Naciona a ien s acion Ranc o io i e P rq l D r , E t h Fr , P rr , sis bu t i e in : eu oa na d ff r g by clyp s br dly 80m 1 6 N v 2 — 000 1 7 an 2 . o 001 R am a . San os , J , C br , A t sutiform an e io m a in on e and i , t r r rg c v x w th MI P Ma ai U se a . a at es 1 2 ema es : a ue ( ) , l tr p P r yp ( f l ) P rq minu e ha ll w V - , s o , a e ema ina ion Naciona a ien i e S ation 1 o0m 1 F t sh p d rg t 6 eb 1 989 . l D r , P rr t , , , D m m ia Fi . 7 a t a e an i e Fi . e Roubik 1 9 MIUP a ue Naciona a ien ana d lly ( d bl ( ) b s , ; g g ( ) P rq l D r , C e o i e ai 750m 1 M i e u e amina en a o e ver 0 a 2002 . Curoe 1 9 C rr P rr tr l , , y , D , w th r d c d l r v tr l pr c ss; MI ( UP) . o on o ince: onoso ua o a i as 21 C l Pr v D , C tr C ll t , tex i en e a e u e en e e e w th d s p l p b sc c , xc pt 2 6 ul 2001 . onz a ez 1 9 MIUP ina A ea Pro J , P G l , ( ); P , r a rea a round ocelli with black pubescence; te ida San o enz 2 o 5 Se . B 000 S . e mu ez 1 9 g L r , p , r d , d orsoanterior a rea of prop o deum c overed AMNH . anama o in e: k ( ) c 9 m N. ano 29 P Pr v El Ll , Ma 1 i en e a e u e en e u u e not 991 . Hovore 1 9 MIUP 2 , , km . A os de w th d s p l p b sc c sc lpt r y F , ( ); E lt i e aco a 8o0m 1 1 F b 1 isi e T3 and T4 o e i a u , , e 998 R . am a 1 9 e e Ut v P r , , C br , v bl ; c v r d w th p l p MIUP a i a ordanal 27- 30 an ( ); , , 2002 . onz a C p r J J , P G bescence e e m a me ia a ea i , xc pt s ll d l r w th lez 1 , 9 MIU P . C oma ca Kuna Ya a: Nusa andi 1 ( ) r l , 6 g bl a ck pubescence; tibia l spu rs of middle n 1 991 a R . a m a 1 MI C J , 9 UP . oc e o in ce: Val C br , ( ) l Pr v and in n : 1 2 mm . i ia e a e . e le de nton 22 Au 1 99 h d t b p l L gth , 1 R . ont e as 1 9 MIUP A g , C r r , ( );

o e i i i n — , s o ontinenta 900m : 1 2 Se 1 990 — El C p D v C l , , Ho o e: ma e R : Ma d i a ta p l typ l PE U dre e D os Dep r

. uin e o 1 9 MIUP 1 n v , ( ; o 1 992 A . ie o 1 9 D Q t r ) , A ll , men o Rese a Manu s acion Pak itz a 9 Mar 1 992 t , rv , E t , , MI UP . C i i ui o ince: o una ( ) , ue a a Are h r q Pr v r br d . u F t Q in te o MIUP . a a e: same ata a s o o e D Q r ( ) P r typ d h l typ na l o5om 8— 1 1 1 9 99 R . m , , a a A . Santos 1 , , , 9 but 26 Feb 1 2 m a l M P . Apr C br 99 R . a d IU , C br , ( ) MI ( UP) . Diagnosis — Pappognatha peruana differs ia nosis — The ma f e o . anamen i D g l P p s s from the other sp ecies of the genus in hav i e om the o e e ies f th - d ff rs fr th r sp c o e genu s ing a s ha llow V shap ed em a rgination on the s a o n by h ll w c o c a vity on the anterio r the an e io m a in of the e and t r r rg clyp us , by m a in of the eu i ou a me ia rg clyp s , w th t d l the reduc ed b a sa l v entra l lamina r process ema in i a on . The m a es f o . anamensis on the ma n rg t l P p dible . and . m rmici ormis a r th — P y f e e only known Comments The holo typ e wa s collected « 1 . fio natha i g w th brown to d a rk brown resting on a lea f of a shrub ab out 1 m s u s on mid a nd in e s . The fe a o e the oun insi e the o e at p r h d l g b v gr d d f r st, o 9 . anamensis is s imi a to p . ert i a o u 1 600 T ou . he a a e o e e l r P p y b t h rs p r typ , c ll ct d 1 4 N 2 2005 VOLUME , UMBER , 1 95

i an in e net was in a ou 3m w th s ct , fly g b t ab ove the muddy soil of a na rrow forest T i i a i at noon . s o a the m a e of tr l, h s pr b bly l

i e s eciosa Mi e or . limes Mi e e . th r P. p ck l P ck l O ne female of the fo rmer was collected in Esta cion Pak itz a (Quin tero and Ca mbra The latter sp ecies is k nown from S imi a a i a in e u and u a o a nd l r h b t ts P r Ec d r, r ti r might be a j unior synonym of P . o fe a T Gersta eck er om o om ia. u ( , fr C l b h s , at present it is best to treat ' these ma les a s a new sp ecies until a dditiona l evid ence is available .

Pa pp ogna tha myr micifo rmis ame on 1 897 (C r , ) 1 1 i . 3 5 9 0 5 (F gs , , , , )

— n Male Simila r to P . pa amensis but the e has a ee o n e em a ina ion clyp us d p , r u d d rg t m e ia the e of i is one i d lly , d pth wh ch th rd the length of the clyp eu s (Fig . and the eni in 1 ha p s va lve a la tera l View (Fig . 5) s a S ha rp angula tion in its anterio r m a rgin nea the a f th i en : r b se o e ap ca l too th . L gth

1 0 mm . Material examined — The sp ecim en from Hondura s represents a new c ountry re c ord and the no rthernmo st reco rd for this eo i a n N trop c l ge u s . — mi i 7 . a a ma m n i . m r c i s . 5 P o nath e a es 5 F g pp g , l d bl , y

li . 7 ana . o mis . 6 atrue s eru H N RAS : an i a anceti a Te a 1 5 Ma f r , p , p O DU Atl t d , L ll , l , y

1 995 R . a C TA R CA imo n e 1 9 MIUP . S , C v , ( ) O I , L in : R a o ce Sec o e o Cocori inca de . o s Pr v t r C rr , F E j , ANAM oc e o ince: Pen a u 1 9 MIUP . G ld , ( ) P A, C l Pr v 1 5 m 2 Mar — 1 INBi 0 6 24 A r 1 992 . uesa a 9 o , p , F Q d , ( ); onome ca ece a Rio Rieci o i ue a a a ta na , b r t w th Q br d Pl l e T — 1 o o u ue o 1 1 20m ul 1 993 R . e a o 9 C rr rt g r , , J , D lg d , ° ’ ° ’ 8 52 80 1 6 1 1 0msnm 22 un 2001 . [ , J , C

MIUP . H e edia o ince: s acion ei o a ue ( ) r Pr v E t El C b , P rq i ince: a ue Naciona e a 1 9 MIUP . a en o V g , ( ) D r Pr v P rq l Na i na B — io a i 4 1 R . c o au o 00 600m Nov . 989 l r l C rr ll , , , a ien s ac ion Ranc o io i e 80m 30 ul 8 D r , E t h Fr , P rr , , J A ui a 1 I i I P 9 NB o Feb 1 990 . a es 1 6 M U g l r, ( ); , CCh v , ( ) ; i MIUP . e n R . M an a 1 Au 2002 A . Sa os 9 g , t , r d , ( ) Oth r stacion Ma sasa a ue Naciona B au io a i o E g y, P rq l r l C rr ll , femal es from Panam a were examined by C a mbra and 2 m r M . 00 a 1 991 A e nan ez 1 9 INBio . uana , , F r d , ( ) G Quintero and Ya nega cas te o ince: s acion iti a 700m 9 k m S Sta . Ce Pr v E t P ll , ,

— ci ia Nov 1 988 1 9 INBio s ame a a Mar 1 995 . , , ( ); , , is tribution o n u a o a Ri a l d t P D H d r s , C st c

Ri os . Mo a a Ma aise 1 9 INBio s ame a a , C r g ( l ) , ( ); d t , and Pana ma . Ma itz a Ma 1 989 . au 1 9 INBio s ac ion y , I G ld , ( ); E t r , Comments on sex association — Extensiv e 2 . a a 1 600m a o . o can o si Feb . 1 99 9 , l d O v l Or , , FAr y , , m the e enc e of on one l i Rese a a e S o I d INBio . un a enas o ince: o o s pl s h w pr s ly ( ) P t r Pr v G f t , rv o es a o o u ce s acion A u as 250— 350m 1 7 S e ies of Pa o natha in o a Ri a and F r t l G lf D l , E t g j , , p c pp g C st c , A z f i u 24 Mar . i NB o o o ce 2000 A o e fa 1 9 I ; , , , ( ) G lf D l the c ap ture of ma le a nd fema le a t the - Han n 1 k m ie a s B ancas 2 un Au 1 989 . so 9 P dr l , J g , P , sa me pla ce a nd time s upp ort the a ssocia A a ue a o (British Museum of Natura l His to ry) . l j l Pr v

ion . — — t ince: San is o a 600 620m 1 5 28 Mar 1 998 F . Cr t b l , , , omments — The ma e S e imen om n in : t b uesa a 1 9 INBio . ua acas e o ce so o C l p c fr Q d , ( ) G t Pr v

F . 1 2 ha a n n . Ma i a eb 99 s u n a 1 1 m F 1 9 . ua a a e os e W . i e o ca ac o 00 eb 98 q , S d v l C , , , I G c st , Est r tz , , 1 96 JO URNAL O F HYMENOPT ERA RESEARCH

om a: i a e e ae e e ono um s w th p l s t , xc pt pr t , mesono um e u a and an e io a of t , t g l t r r h lf u e m i a e ae ono um me sc t llu w th bl ck s t ; pr t , sonotum and u e um i en e o e sc t ll w th d s , cl s ly - sp a c e d p u nctur e s ; p r o pl eu r on wi th a e e ma n e o a and sc tt r d , s ll pu ctur s; d rs l en a a ea of me o e r on on e se v tr l r s s pl u c v x , p a ra ted ee oo e e e a e a ea by d p gr v , l v t d r s i m edi um- i e n u e an e io w th s z d pu ct r s , t r r and p o sterior a rea s pra ctica lly impuncta te; m eta pleuron impuncta te; prop odeum L : i reticula te; scu tellum convex . egs w th p a le setae; a pic a l ta rsom eres segment pro duced in to sho rt lamella te pla te c overing the cla w b a ses; tibia l spurs of mid and

hin d legs p a le . M eta s oma: with p a le seta e on : o a a e of T1 a e a ma in of T2 d rs l f c , l t r l rg , e ma a e a a ea of T3 and T4 all v ry s ll l t r l r , sterna except 57; black pub escence on : re ma ind er of T2 o e er a and S7 an e , th r t g , ; t

io a e of T1 a ou , im un a e, i — h r r f c gl br s p ct t w th i . . a uana . s 8 1 0 P o natha i t in s . 8 er 9 F g pp g r g w g , p conspicu ous media l too th on ea ch la tera l margin; T2 with medium - sized punctures a e a ome a ma e a on o e l t r lly, s wh t s ll r l g p st a er an a e eco n ma ina io ma in i a ou and i unc b r tly sh p d s d sub rg l r r rg , d sk gl br s w th p

‘ cell SM2 on the i in Fi Th ( ) r ght w g ( g . e tures sca ttered; T3 to T6 and 83 to S6 with ef in on the ame e imen and the en e ma n tu e in e e e 52 l t w g s sp c d s , s ll pu c r s t rsp rs d; in of the o e : mal im e e en of . i o e an e io at the mi e i w gs th r sp c P g bb s t r rly ddl , w th m rmici ormis e a min e Fi . 9 a e m r a y f x d ( g ) h v typ sp a rse sm a ll p unctu res . Para e es bro d ical en a ona SM2 as do a ll o e ma e a t a e na o in o a a e trian u p t g l , th r l b s , rr w g t w rd p x , g Pa o na tha . lar in a e a ie i en e a e e ae pp g l t r l V w , w th d s l rg s t

- on ba sal two thirds of ventra l ma rgin . Pa o na tha a truelis An dre 1 898 pp g p ( , ) n t : Le g h mm . i s . 4 6 (F g , ) ia n i — atruelis o e e em D g os s P. p cl s ly r s

“ Male — In e umen H ac . ea d : e i a m i . m rmici orm s t g t bl k v ry bles P . p na ens s and P y f but a r u a ra e i l b e, o a e a n i e : the a e of eu Fi . l g q d t , sl ght y r d r th d ff rs by sh p clyp s ( g lon ; ena i on-s e us and man i e oun mi na o e on m an g g r , clyp d bl r ded ba sa l la r pr c ss it a e etae e e it a se ae i en e w h p l s ; v rt x w h bl ck t ; di ble (Fig . frons an d vertex w th d s an e ior m a in of c e s broa na u n u e m o a e e een unc t r rg lyp u dly s pu ct r s , st sp c s b tw p tiform i me ian U— s a e em a in a u a e , w th d h p d rg t res u sua lly less than their diameter; p l t on F i . man i e at ba e it ( oa a c a ia of mid a nd in i ia . i g d bl s w h br d , c l r h d t b oun e ami na en a r d d , l r v tr l proc ess; fla el g Material examined — B RA I : B ahi a: heus an Z L Il , J lom r e e I 1 . 5X a s long a s fla ellom ere II; 1 994 . i e ai : a atin a g an co 1 9 MIUP . M nas s , I Fr , ( ) G r C r g , ° ' ° ’ fro n - — s a n d ert e i m e ium s i e az en a Mon es a os 1 9 45 S 41 50 W 30 31 v x w th d z d F d t Cl r [ , ] , “

D M u lo sa . un ctu es m ec 1 994 . e o Nasci a de ninho de E s s os S a es e n , , p r , t p c b tw ee p unc G l d g p t en o de o i i cio ern t onco no c ao em descom os u e u ua es s an ei iam e e d tr r f r h p r s s lly l th th r d t rs; ”

" i a 2 I c o 9 MI . c , , d ( UP) elfli sm a is an ce e een inn ll, d t b tw er eye

“ - 1 rim and a e a oc e u s a o im a e DiStribu- i n — t o . l t r l ll ppr x t ly Bra zil . Comments on sex association — Two te VO LUM E 1 4 NUMBER 2 2005 , , 1 97

30 Feb 1 988 1 A E 9 MNH . A R : iente Li , ( ) CU DO Or , moncoc ha 21 ul W . 1 970 . Ret J , C tenme er 1 9 B o t l . R e s e s . co P : 3 9 uin y , ( r h r p r ) E U , Q tero and C ambra

istribution — o om ia ua o an d D C l b , Ec d r

Peru . Comments — The fema l e from Ec ua d or ha s the in tegumental sp ots d arkish yel low and the a e u e enc e on T3— 5 not , p l p b sc in e u i a e o e e . t rr pt d w th bl ck (Br th rs , p rs c omm) ; the typ e sp ecimen ha s integu m ental ' spots ferrugin ous and p a le p ubes cence on T3— 5 na rrowly interrupted me diall i Mi y w th black . ckel (1 939) mentioned

an . s iosa i im i ec s a to . e re ia th P p s l r P g g , but differs only in the siz e of the integumenta l o of T2 a e in e re ia and in the sp ts (l rg r g g ) , outer ma rgin of the sp ots havin g p a le to m nt u n e ose p b esce ce (glabrous in egregia) .

In im n f . r a sp ec e s o P myrmicifo mis and P . p truelis a we a e e amin e a s e a s th t h v x d , w ll in many other sp ecies in different mutillid genera Pseudomethoca and Hoplomu tilla the in e men a o on T2 are ) , t gu t l sp ts — — . Pa o natha ma n a . 1 1 1 4 . P. i s 1 1 1 5 . e e i ia F g pp g , l g t l n i ui e a ia e in i e . T u we o e q t v r bl s z h s , c s d r anamensis: 1 1 — 1 2: a rameres : 1 1 o sa ie 1 2 lat p p , d r l V w; , the i e of the in e um en a o on T2 e a ie 1 3 o se a a e a ie 1 4 enis a e s z t g t l sp ts r l V w; , v l ll , l t r l V w; , p v lv , to be an un e ia e a ac e for e ie a i . a 1 5 . m rmici ormis ni a ate a e e . e s e l t r l V w P y f , p v lv , l r l r l bl ch r t r sp c s

ie . A e ia ions : cus is a ame e . T u e re ia and s eciosa i en i i a ion . v w bbr v t C , p ; P , p r r t , d f c t h s g g p

might represent but a single sp ecies . In ad i ion Pa o na tha tor uata Mi e 1 939 d t , pp g q ck l , , m a e and one m a e e e ea e om s eciosa but . l s l w r r r d fr might be consp ecific with P . p P The ee e of one ne of Eu lossa s . thr c lls st g p torquata is k nown only from the hol otyp e m atruelis e a e fit the e i tion of . f l s d scr p P p from B olivia (no a dditiona l lab el d a ta ) . n é i en Mi e 1 939 who ex (A dr ) g v by ck l ( ) Ac co rding to Mickel they differ in amined ei ema e om a ia in u ght f l s , fr B h ( cl d ha ving the pronotum p ub es cence entirely in the o o e and a a a t e Sao Pa u ) , t r uata and the on g h l typ p r yp p a le tomentose in P . o q pr Th ma e of lo and i i o Sa n o a i . e Esp r t t , Br z l l otum o e i a se a e ae in cl th d w th sp r , bl ck s t atru l f h i . e is is e e e i e or t e i a nd th ens e a e u e en e P p h r d scr b d f rst . s ec os a e P p , d p l p b sc c ime a e on a in e ma e a ie at t , b s d s gl l th t d d on the v ertex extending a nterio rly al ong the tene a a e; its in e e not ex t r uata r l st g w gs w r the inn e m a in of the e e in . o r rg y P q , en e and the me o e num wa s not e iosa . t d d s st r bu t not in P . sp c sclerotized and wa s d eformed (conca ve) . P a o na tha e re ia Mi e 1 939 pp g g g ck l , Papp ogna tha 1 939 Mat rial examined — The ec imen o m 1 e sp s fr (Fig . 6) C olombia and Ecua d or represent new Material examined — The sp ecim ens from coun try rec ords . Colombia and Ecu ad or represent new MB : maz o na s ue o San an e 1 60m COLO IAA , P rt t d r , , country rec ords . 7 Se 1 991 1 9 AMNH Me a Vi a icencio 25 ul p , ( ); t , ll v , J 2 m 1 9 8 1 MIUP u uma o San a Rosa Rio San Mi C az na P. N. Amac a ac u 90 3 9 MB : Am o s ; , , OLO IA , y , , , ( ) P t y t 1 98 JO URNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH

— 1 1 7 . h i s . Pa n a 1 . . anam . 7 . . i a . 6 o at ema es a itus . 6 P ensis 1 s ec os F g pp g f l , h b p P p

ue 1 — 30 O ct 1 97 Ma C 0 in 1 9 MIUP . R g l , , , ( ) i era r lk E UADO u e en e a s in i a . rot Ge p b sc c , typ c l P f ( a o: u a eno 1 986 1 9 MIUP u a eno N p C y b , Apr , ( ); C y b , sta ec k er We a e i en i ie i , h v d t f d th s Au 1 983 400m 1 9 MIUP Reventa dor Ma g , , ( ); El , y ti era and nc u e a e im en a s . ro o 1 986 1 I sp c P f , c l d th t , 9 M UP ; imoncoc a 24 un 1 975 1 9 ( ) L h , J , lim i ni n n m of MI B R Z . es s o a a u o o UP . maz : onas : 60 k m N. Manau s 1 6 ( ) A ILA , P pr b bly j r sy y Au 1 M 991 . e o 1 9 MIUP 1 MN , , ; 905, 1 9 A H r ti era a e ie e io k no n g ( ) ( ) ; . o G l P f , sp c s pr v usly w Manau s Rese a uc e 3 Ma 1 9 68 1 9 MIUP . , rv D k , y , ( ) om on two e im en om o om ia fr ly sp c s fr C l b ,

— the o o e om o o a and a e on istribution C o om ia ua o B ra h l typ fr B g t s c d D l b , Ec d r , im n m M o o a a Mi e e e o , z il . sp c fr uz B y c ( ck l 1 939) Pa o na tha limes Mic e 1 939 pp g k l ,

P a o na tha o bli ua Mi e 1 939 Material % pp g q ck l , exaiii iii ed. ECUADO R : astaz a usuimi P , C Rio C usuimi 1 50 km SE of u o 1 5— 31 Ma 1 97 1 B . , P y , y , Material examined — The e imen re Ma in 1 9 MIUP a ta M t sp c s p , ( ); s z a , e a 2002 1 9 lk P , Apr ,

MI P esen a new oun ec o . ( U ) . PERU: Monson a e Tin o Ma ia 1 1 Dec r t c try r rd V ll y , g r , 1 954 1 AM , 9 ( NH) . PE R : Na u a ma z ona s a as c o co l 2 d U t , A , C rr , is tribution — ua nd o a e u . AMNH M IUP . D Ec d r P r ( , ) Comments — A fema le from C olombia

a on m a in o f Rio istri ti — ( a im a Res e o bu on e u and a i . l g rg s C l , tr p , D P r Br z l

a — e, 1 1 Feb 1 984 MIUP i e s om th omments The two a i iona ma e V ll , ) d ff r fr e C dd t l l s ’ o i ina esc i ion in a in the a o m oh r g l d r pt h v g p le pu fr Peru fit Mic kel s d escription of P . bescence on T3—T5 in e u e m li T e ia ua . i m i i f . ert , t rr pt d d lly a h s ght be the ma le o P p y ‘ ‘ iln a u esc enc e a s in i a . a a To e i bl ck p b , typ c l P (D ll rr ) (Mickel a sp ec es was but the , ons is c o e e i a e no n o m a a a i . fr v r d w th p l k w fr P r , Br z l

E . . R J . HYM S

- 2 2 0 . z oo 0 Vol . 0 5 5 , pp

R ed es c ription of Pelic ope yucc a mic a M as on ni e: M i cro as trin ae With N otes on its (Hym enop tera: B raco d a ) , g Unusu al B iol ogy and R el ationship s

Y H F E ERI . H T . . . B . W I I LD , A A VAL O, AND W C OI J

Av ni i f in i a men O f n omo o 320 Mo i a 505 S . ood in e e s O o s Dep rt t E t l gy, rr ll H ll , G w , U v r ty Ill ,

iu . e u ana IL 61 801 USA whitfie@life . u c d Urb , , ; j

Abstract — A m ore complete ill ustrated red escription of the monotyp ic g enus Pelicope (typ e spe uccamica Mason is o ided to assis in o ene ic acemen O f is a e and unusua c ies P . y ) pr v t p hyl g t p l t th r r l Mi in e e a ions O f its io o are co ec e ase on os da a u is ed a e the o i genus . s t rpr t t b l gy rr t d b d h t t p bl h ft r r g ina descri tionh this s ecies a ea s not to be ass ocia ed i Yucca as e ious e o ed but l p p pp r t w th pr v ly r p rt , ins ea on i the incurvariid mo Mese iola s ecca a is a seed - ee er on Nolina arr i t d ly w th th p p D v , f d p y

Watson (Ruscaceae) .

in he om e in The mono i enu Pelico e wa s e e me ani m . n e e i typ c g s p r ct ch s I t r st gly , tt d ed by Mason in his rec la ssification O f the the description a number O f observ able world genera O f Microga strinae (Ma s on features tha t might have helped pla ce the ou He inclu ded only the new species genus in his new cla ssifica tion . Alth gh u m . cca ica Ma on a i i in i e the e e ie on aine m a e no men P y s , h ghly d st ct v , typ s r s c t d l s , o i e an i e ie e o e a s hav ion of m a e eni a i e u e was m a e p l sh d , x th c sp c s r p rt d t l g t l c f at r s d , ing only been collected in a res tricted t e and a number of other sm a ll fea tures rel gion O f southern C a lifornia a t Yucca flow ev ant to comp ara tiv e stu dy O f microgas M n ers . a o c a s h racterized the genus a s trine genera were a lso not mentioned . having a ra re c ombina tion O f m orpholog The phylo geny and cla ssifica tion O f mi ica l traits within the subfamily Microga s crogastrine genera has rem ained contro inae— the a mo o a n i M n tr l st t t lly x a th c b ody versial and difficult to resolve (e . g . a so o o a ion t e a en e O f the in in l 1 990 Mae h 1 981 in 1 990 a e et a . c l r t , bs c h d w g , Aust , W lk r , ein 2r- m and the esem an e O f th in a due e o e to 1 996 i ie et al . v , r bl c f r , Wh tf ld p rt in a e 7 o e Fi . to the o i n w g r l t ( g ) f ss l ge us to the l ac k O f d a ta for a numb er O f genera . Eocardiochiles esc i e om a i m e In i on e a mo e om e e descri d r b d fr B lt c A b r th s c t xt, r c pl t p by Brues make this genus very pe tion O f Pelicope ha s b een O f interest for ’ culiar a nd in Mason ie i i u to m i u num f o e a s o e me . e a e O ( s v w) d ff c lt s t F rth r , b r th r c a i as o e e a e to an o e e u a now ome o l ss fy cl s ly r l t d y th r g p ects of P . y ccamica h ve c t nu s . i om e O f em a e e eno in l ght, s th sc tt r d ugh ’ Mason 1 s ( 981 ) d esc riptio n wa s b a s ed the litera ture and co llections tha t it ha s on six e imens all a en om the ame on n m s i e to in e a e sp c , t k fr s ly rece tly b eco e p o s bl t gr t oc a i and m n l l ty o th in Riverside Co unty them into a fuller picture O f this rema rk ( e ee an on at Horset ief ee a Upp r D p C y h Cr k e s ecie . bl p s in ea une bu t c o ec e o e a 26 ea Bi — rly J ) , ll t d v r y r ology Fo rce in a study O f the i I e o . n a i ion to a e a e i ion io o O f the incu rva ri i d mo Mese iola p r d dd t v rb l d scr pt , b l gy th. p h e o i e s im e but a c c u a e ine s ecca a i o e a ae ee on the pr v d d pl r t l p D v s , wh s l rv f d d a in O f the ea , in s an e io me ee O f Nolina i in A a r w gs h d w g , t r r s ds parryi (prev ou sly g -r r e ites and em a e o i os i o va cea e now ec a i ie in the Ru a t rg f l v p t r , r l ss f d sc U 1 4 N 2 2005 VOL ME , UMBER , 201

i n M . N lin g specca . o a parryi d oes not fl o wer (and thus does not produce seeds) every ea oe so i e u a and n r y r, but d s rr g l rly sy ch o nousl in a a M y loc l rea s . esepiola a pp ea rs to be able to synchronize with Nolina some how (although it a lso has two other l ess c omm on recorded ho sts which might oc a i n c s o ally fill in ) . Either Pelicope ha s other o a i l c l hosts bes des M . specca (or can find the o a i na s e ca i cc s o l M . p c on ts o ther host an or it too ha s o n ome wa to pl ts) , f u d s y synchroni z e its emergence with the flow e in a r g ye rs O f Nolina . Perhaps the la tter stra tegy might explain why so few Pelicone have ever been collected in an a rea rich in en m i to olo g sts . Fo rce (1 989) a lso sta tes tha t Pelicope are i e to be o i o i in in o o e a l l k ly v p s t g t h st ggs , though he d oes not discount tha t they ou be in in a in c ld f d g very e rly sta r la rva e . O vip o sition into eggs does not app ea r to be omm on in Mi o a ina e but is c cr g str , known to Occu r in some Cotesia and B io] co aster e ie Ruberson and W i ie g sp c s ( h tf ld , ’ Since Force s Observa tions were in direct in the sense tha t he drew c onclu sions b a sed on the timi ng O f host ovipo sition and Pelicope a d ult activity ra ther an on i e Pelico e o i o i ion a t i th d r ct p v p s t s , th s

— in th i i o e e on mu emain en . . 1 a s 1 2 . e a a i us o o o f Pelico e uc F g , L t r l h b t ph t p y p t qu st st r Op camica Ma n ma a m Mese iola s ecca 2 so e e e e o . Mor r c nt t r h l , e i f l , r r d fr p p , e e s ud es of Pelicope mo p o o - c ose u of o i i an d a . l p v p os tor she th s — M gy. aetO in a co mpa ra tiv e study of ma le genita lia (esp ec ially O f volsella r ’ — — u tu in M i ceae e oom ami et a l . e i o a inae a a de butch r s br f ly Judd str c r s) cr g str , p rt lly i f mi a m i th m a ni f P li e a nd ea e a e e O . ucca c o e e e e a ia o e co r r d s r s P y , fr scr b d l g t l p which we have b een able to examine spec presented a photo O f a slid e m ounted gen i in n i i f u a i a a u u in n th i i u and mens . S ce exte s v e stud es O y cc / t l c ps le foc s g o e d g t s T e not en u yucca m oth biolo gy and c oev olution (re cuspis structure . her were o gh viewed in Pellmyr 2003) ha v e a pp a rently cha racters in his study to confid ently place n P llm r e on the en o ene i a bu t it did a e e e ie e Pelico e O . e v r y ld d p ( y , p rs g us phyl g t c lly , h v a l ommun i a ion it eem ea now a uni e om ina ion O f the i e c a a ~ c c t ) , s s cl r qu c b t f v h r c tha t the ea rlier rec ords of Pelicope a s being ters p ola rized by MaetO in his d iscussion . 2 2 m n a ss ocia ted with Yucca Were b ased on mis Whitfield et a l . ( 00 ) a tte pted to sy i en ifi a ion of Nolina a s Yucca i it thesiz e the a a i a e om a a i e m o o d t c t s , wh ch v l bl c p r t v rph oe in ee u e i ia es em e a l o ic a a a fo r mic o a ine ene a in d s d d s p rf c lly r bl , l g l d t r g str g r ( ' though the two a re now in different pl ant cl uding some o f MaetO s d a ta and a t em in to in u e the ea u e c ons id families . t pt g cl d f t r s Fo rce ( 1 989) disc ussed an interesting ered by Mason) and ana lyzed these d a ta problem for sp ecialist p a ra sitoid s a ttack a lone a nd in c ombina tion with DNA se 202 JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH

Pe M s n quenc e da ta from three gene fra gm ents . lic ope yucca mica a o ‘ 1 — 9 Specimens O f Pelicope suitable for molec (Figs . ) e e una a i a e at a ime ula r study w r v l bl th t t , — i n i B ody color . L ght g o ld e y ell o w sh but several morphol ogica l cha racters were brown exc ept for dista l 1 5 O f hind fem ur; coded from the type series for the genus hind tibia (a t lea st a pica lly) and tarsomer tha t were neither m entioned by Ma son es d a rk br o w ni sh y e ll o w ; o v ip o s it o r (1 981 ) nor observ able from his illustra shea ths and a ntenn a e beyond scap e very The e imina o enie a e tions . pr l ry phyl g s b s d da rk brown to essentia lly bla ck; ventra l on b oth morphologic al and combined d a ta

O f ea an e io i i . ’ h d t r rly wh t sh app ea red to c onfirm Ma son s sp ecu la tion iz e — en mm S Bo dy l gth . Fore a Pelico e e e en an i o a e e a th t r pr s ts s l t d , r l p i n w ng le gth mm . tivel a a inea e bu t u o for i b s l l g , s pp rt th s y — Head. a e oa e ea u F c br d , v ry w kly sc lp p osition is s till p oor . tured; inn er m a rgins O f eyes not c onverg Below we provid e a morphol ogic a l re in en a om e ime e en ea di g v tr lly , s t s v w kly uccamica e an in e i ion O f . d scr pt P y , xp d g . - v erging . Clyp eus broad sha llowly semi up on the desc ription O f Ma son (1 98 1 ) and circul a r above broa d subtriangula r l abrum the cha rac ter codings O f Whitfield et a l . which la rgely concea ls m andibles in fron (2002) and providing a series O f digita l n nn a e unu ua in n ta l View . A te s lly th a d photographs and environmenta l sc anning f i a short or M c ro ga strina e (Fig . pl co des elec tron micrographs O f a fema le sp eci two - an e on a t ea o im a 1 0 a e ’ r k d l st pr x l fl g l m n m i e fro Fo rce s (1 989) ma teria l . It s lomeres and en a a ea ame as o a , v tr l r s d rs l hop ed tha t these a dditiona l d ata will im for sub apica l fla gellomeres . Glo ssa trun prove the interpreta tion O f the m orpholo

c a e . Ma i a a nd a ia a en e t x ll ry l b l p lps sl d r, gy O f Pelicope for futu re phylo genetic

a e e o i e a i e o . p l y ll w sh , r l t v ly sh rt o . In a i ion we o e our c a i i a w rk dd t , h p l r f c Mesosoma — Pronota l l atera l a rea with tion O f the biology O f Pelicope will stimu two nitid grooves; propleuron lower outer la te further field stu dies O f this unu sua l M n um in o ne im e Fi . e o o c r r s pl ( s t sh y , ani g m a l . nea moo i o or i e in rly s th , w th ut w th v ry i inc unc a tion but i e moo d st t , w th v ry s th , MATERIALS AND METHO DS p oa a o u e ion O f notauli and br d , sh ll w s gg st s The inci a m o o o i a terminolo icnemia c a pr p l rph l g c l ra ised m edia l lob e (Fig . Ep l gy used in the sp ecies desc ription is tha t rinae absent; m esopleura wea kly sculp f O Huber and Sha rkey (1 993) a s well a s O f tu red exc ep t a ntero d o rs a lly a n d n ea r S u e c e for a O f the m or c utos ch h x pt th t p oo rly defined sterna ulus (Fig . S holo O f the o o eum ic is u e cutell a r o o e na o on e o a p gy pr p d , wh h s d gr v rr w , c v x t w rds sensu To n 1 e 969 Fi . and u in an e io i e in a o i Fi . w s ( , g E) A st t r r , w th v ry t y sh ll w p ts ( g and an e ie 1 992 Fi . . The c utic Sc u e a i u i a n u a e D g rf ld ( , g t ll r d sc s btr g l r , v ry u a cu u in e mino o o o s a ea un a e i i e an e io l r s lpt r g t r l gy f ll w th t w kly p ct t , sl ghtly w d r t r rly O f i Ha rr s while the termino logy for than long; lunul a e slightly cu rved do rsa lly the in ena ion is a a ia ion O f the and m a in O f uni o m i i ni i w g v t v r t ly f r w dth , w th t d oms oc - ee am s em use S a m e i Me ano C t k N dh yst d by h r d o p o s terior scutella r band . t k e and a on 1 997 Fi - . tum i ub u a a i s a sen an e y Wh rt ( , g w th s sc tell r h r b t; t i i a o o o o a e e a en i Pr D g t l c l r ph t gr phs w r t k r o r ma rgin a ppressed to sc utellum . o u i - s n a JVC GC QXSHD i i a i ca m o d eum s m oo i m o e o i on a an g d g t l st ll p th , w th r h r z t l era m oun e on a eic a MZ t d L l 2/ 5 stereo tero do rsa l a rea grea tly shortened and mic os E o e . S M r c p E photo graphs w ere ta k gra d ua lly c u rving to strongly d ec livou s en - us in a P i i XL30 S M EEG e ec a e i u a i o na e . g h l ps E E l f c , w th t c r Legs — Fo re telota rsus no rm a l in shape 1 4 N 2 2005 VOLUME , UMBER , 203

— i . . i a m : s 3 6 S M o os O f . uccazn c e a e 3 ea an e io ie 4 mesosom a o sa ie 5 meso F g EE Ph t P y f l , h d , t r r v w; , , d r l v w; , soma a a i i e e 6 ante io metasoma te tes o sa ie . , l t r l v w; , r r l rg , d r l V w

n in x i ( ot exca va ted apicoventrally) . H d co ap c al half fla t to gently a rched a nd ae not on en a e e em in i ou medioa ic a l e a a ion in o a str gly l rg d (thus r s bl g w th t p xc v t , d rs l n n- Di l a in in i i n i o o cog ster Micro ga str ae); h d t b v ew arrow ng towa rds apex O f tergum . ia l spurs sub equa l in length and ab out Second meta soma l tergite subtriangul ar en O f in ba sita rsi a a c a a and e a i e m a a ea in un e ine l gth h d ; t rs l l ws p r l t v ly s ll , pp r g d f d p ea ring simple und er low m a gnific ation p o sterio rly due to exceptiona lly wea k pos

— in i but a ctua lly bearing a cluster O f 4 5 t y ter or groove . Third meta soma l tergum n as o a on i . ne a a slender teeth b a sa lly (Fig . l g s sec d terg te G e r l s

— in e in 3R s ec t of m e a ma n t c a ra a ce lik e and Wings (Fig . F o r ew g v p t so o p i o n c o n e o a o s a ein i e a ni i . Me ia on u ina a ea str gly v x t w rd s c t l v , w th t rg t d d l l g t d l r 1 M + 1 Rs s ai r- m mee in 3Rsa to O f o ium des c lero tiz ed a nd i tr ght, t g hyp pyg w th i i m a o e the unu u a a e a eo e 2A ah o n i ina e a s . O o o e cl s s lly l rg r l t, l g tud l pl t v p s t r ch i i i a i m a a e e o i a a oth ni m Fi . 8 e e e e en . S s t t g p l y ll w sh b s lly , s ( g ) w th ghth t rg t t ll r erwise brown; veins m os tly yellowis h (d orsoventra lly) tha n l ong a nd with the in in in 2A and 2r- m a o me s o e a n i e s e on v a l o n . e e br w H dw g v s r, p d h rt r th w d ; c d im a v if r h n a i a s en , e I R and ZR O f a o e e a and o a e; t e s e e b t c lls { ppr x t ly t ll l r t l d r str ght \ - 2 is in m ame i ein 2Cu a nd cu a a i o i o i o s ea i . 8 a o s w dth , v s str ght; v p s t r h ths (F gs , ) r g fr v ann al o e i a i in a i a no e on va lvifer nea r a e setos it es en l b w th d st ct p c l tch , s c d p x , y pr t convex in shap e and with seto sity short thro ugh length; ovip os ito r in l a tera l view n n and sp a rse beyo nd broad est p o int . very weakly d ec urv ed a d eve ly tap ered

— Metasoma First m eta soma l tergite with throughout its l ength . en e an e io a a e a a ion a e Male enitalia om Ma o o 1 996— his g tl t r r b s l xc v t r th r g (fr t ,

— l Ta 1 a nd Fi . amina vo lla ris than medioba sa l longitudina l groove (Fig . ble g L se 204 JO URNAL O F HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH

ACKNO WLEDGMENTS

H n i u e ana We would like to thank Drs . e r Go l t (C ian Na iona o ec ion a a and a i Smi d t l C ll t , Ott w ) D v d th i n M um a i n f r th r . S . Na o a use W s n o o e O o (U t l , h gt ) pp

tuni ty to examine Pelic0pe Specimens in their care . Olle Pelmyr provid ed inv a luable help on the questi on O f e e Pelico e is associa e i Yucca mo s wh th r p t d w th th ,

and helped l ocate the Fo rce p aper . Scott Robinson of ' the ma in Tec n o o ou Beck man lns titute I g g h l gy Gr p , , ni e sit O f inois o i e assis ance i the U v r y Ill , pr v d d t w th i w ESEM ph otography . Th s wo rk as supp orted in p a rt by Nationa l Sc ience Foun d ation grant DEB 0235784 a m nt f A i u u NRI n and U . S . Dep rt e O gr c lt re gra t 2003

- 3531 6 1 3679 to JEW .

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NO T E

O rm rus s a lma nticus Ni eves -Al dre 1 984 y y, ra : Chal ci o i ea : O rm ridae a V al i ec i es (Hym enopte d d ) , dSp y

- A Z V EV ES ALDREY M . ER E E ES . L . NI AND H N ND NI J

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O rmyrus salmanticus Nieve s - Aldrey wa s the b a sis O f the o rigina l description and l a u r h w e c i e in 1 984 om a i a d e o e i u e O f O . sa m ntic s e e a e o d s r b d fr C s ll s Fl r s , f g r s , th r Sa aman a S ain ea e om a of e e man m o o o i a ea u e O f i l c ( p ) , r r d fr g lls v r y rph l g c l f t r s th s Aulacidea subterminalis i e 1 946 a e S e ie a d o not fit the e c i ion iv N bl tt , , h rb p c s th t d s r pt g

a a meno e a ni i a e A en Narend ran O f O rm rus lan landi. g ll w sp (Hy pt r , Cy p d , y by y g

- almanti u n l a c in i) th a t ind u c es s em i s u bte rr a ne a n The S p ecific biolo gy O f O . s c s a d i la its mo e e i e eo a i a distribu ga lls in runn ers O f H eracium pilosel L . r r str ct d g gr ph c l

T i i i i i in i n m a i . lan landi the f r (Asteracea e) . h s spec es s ea s ly d st t o c o p red w th O g ( o uished om o e I e ian orm rid s e m er ec o e on om S ain a o g fr th r b r y p r rd d ly fr p , lth ugh c ies by severa l imp ortant dia gnostic Cha r prob ably much widely distributed in Eu ac ters a s o o : e on m e a oma ter o e and the o a and an distri , f ll ws s c d t s l r p , h st g ll pl t an gite smoo th d orsa lly and with wea k c ren bution do not overla p the range O f O . l g ula te u u e O f e i e 3— 7 a in the landi e e a o a i iona a a a a sc lpt r t rg t s , l ck g ) , w r ls dd t l d t th t c st typical ro ws of deep fov eae O f m any O r d oubts on the v a lidity O f this synonymi m ridae ea on i a T m n a e it we o o e 1 6 o e an z a tion . O e o y ; h d ly sl ghtly br d r th d str t , b rr w d i in an e io and o e i i lan landi u e a t the h gh t r r p st r or v ews; p o st sp ecimens O f O . g ho s d ma ina ein e a i e on ime a s NHM O f on on and c om a e em rg l v r l t v ly l g , t s L d p r d th on a s i ma ein meta tibia alm nti us . l g st g l v ; as long a s with O . s a c m eta ta rsu s . Examined sp ecimens c am e from Zim Na rend ran 1 999 u i e ( ) p bl shed a s ystem babwe (form er Rh o desia) lab elled a s O . d a i mono a on the n o - u a ian car i Ri sbec 1 955 a S e ie non mi e t c gr ph I d A str l y , , p c s sy y z d O rm rida and a e e a O . salmanti lan landi B u k We y st t d th t cus with O . g by o Ce ’ is a unio non m O f O rm rus lan lan lan landi j r sy y y g di tried to ex amine first Girault s O . g i au 1 920 a ec i ion a ha s een sub m a e ia om the LD m eum but un G r lt, , d s th t b t r l fr O us s e qu ently a c c ep ted by o th er a u th o rs fortuna tely we did not receive a ny replies o e Na rendran did not e amin (N y s x e to our letters . the e m a i typ ter a l O f O . salmanticus tha t is Comp a rison O f series O f S p ecim ens of a ai a v l ble at the Museo N a ciona l de Cien the two supp o sedly c onsp ec ific Sp ecies cia a u a e in M i a . o e e the S o e im o an mo o o i a i e s N t r l s dr d H w v r , h w d p rt t rph l g c l d ff r ” author sa id tha t from the d es cription and enc es b etween them and thus clea rly in i u es O f O rm rus salamanticus Ald r f g r y ey dica ted their sep a ra te specific s ta tus . Ald re 1 9 4 ( , 8 s ic e c i e om S a in o n i e in the e i enc e o i e y ) ( ) , d s r b d fr p , C s d r g v d pr v d d i t is i - ev dent tha t it is a new j unio r syno above we propo se the t e establishment O f n of O rnz rus lan landi i a u - y g G r lt O . salmanticus Nieves Ald rey a s a v a lid i f - g t s i e its s u e ic ia e em a nc e o n S e i tat e s . res . p t p rf l r s bl , p c s ,

INSTRUCTIONS FO R AUTHORS

P ic . Th ournal H men ter G eneral ol y e J of y op a Research in vites papers o f high sc ientific quality repo rting com e ensi e esea c on all as ects of H meno e a inc u in io o e a io eco o s s ema ics taxono pr h v r r h p y pt r , l d g b l gy, b h v r, l gy, y t t , mi m ene ics and mo o o . Ta ono c a e s esc i in sin e ecies are acce ta if th i has y, g t , rph l gy x p p r d r b g gl Sp p ble e Spec es eco nomi c im o ance or o i es new ata on the io o o r e o uti on O f the nu r i M p rt pr v d d b l gy v l ge s o h gh er taxon . anusc ript en t ene a ou not e cee 50 t e a es o e e no u e imi on en t has een set for a e s of l g h g r lly Sh ld x d yp d p g ; h w v r, pp r l t l g h b p p r e ce tiona ua i an d im o ance inc u in a onomi m n t n i i c o o a s a e e c or e e e . a e s i x p l q l ty p rt , l d g t x gr ph g r h gh r l v l All p p r w ll Th be e ie e at eas two e e ees . e e e ees i be c n the a o iat ose e su ect e i o . Ho e e it r v w d by l t r f r r f r w ll h by ppr pr bj d t r w v r, would be h elpful if auth ors would submit the names O f two persons who are competent to review the manu Th n a i . i sc e a u e of u ca ion is n is . Summa ies in o e an ua ar r pt l g g p bl t E gl h r th r l g ges e acceptable . The d ea dl ine fo r receipt of manus c ripts i s 1 Septemb er (for the April is s ue) and 1 Ma rch ( for the

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. T not und erscored Tables may be formatted in a spread s heet program such as MS Works or MS Excel . ext - in s ou be ou e ace t it 25 mm e and i ma ins . Ta es s ou be ut in a se a a e i e 5 h ld d bl Sp d yp g, w h l ft r ght rg bl h ld p p r t f l CD and is e es ou be accom anie the name O f the so a e o am use WordPerfec t Mic oso t D k tt Sh ld p d by ftw r pr gr d , r f

Au u a i f ll ma ia n h . Th i ann i Word) . thors Sho ld keep b ckup cop es O a ter l se t to t e Edito r e Soc ety c ot be respons ble for diskettes or text mis laid or destroyed in tran sit or during editing . us a tions ou be ann e for e uc ion to the imension of the in te a e 1 4 X cm c o umn Ill tr Sh ld pl d r d t d pr d p g ( , l DO n t ma e a es a e t an 1 4 X 1 8 width mm) and allow room for legend s to a t the top and b ottom . o k pl t l rg r h x i in mi a a t . in . 46 cm) . Individual figures Should be mounted on a su table draw g b oa rd or Si l r h e vy s ock i num u be n oto a s ou be imme ou e o e e and a u te en mounte . u e e s o o Ph gr ph Sh ld tr d , gr p d t g th r b t d wh d F g r b r Sh ld

t nd n i u ati n nu n a f a a . i in a fi the ate . nc u e i e au o s a a ess es a d s o m e s o c o e c e pl I l d t tl , h r( ) ddr ( ) , ll tr b r b k h pl t Or g l g R n u es nee not be sent un i e ues e the e i o usua a te the manusc i has een acce e . e e e ce r d t l r q t d by d t r, lly f r r pt b pt d f r ” to figures tables in the text s hould be in the styl e (Tabl e Measurements Should be in the metric system . ec t onic a es ma be su mi e on isc via emai or u oa e to an ft ite inst uc tio ns i be El r pl t y b tt d d , l pl d d p S ( r w ll

iz fi th ti n f the u na a e . ine art i en . T e mus be u com osi e a e e and s e to t e o o o s o o g v ) h y t f lly p t d , l b l d , d pr p r j r l p g L t n ima Sh ould be scanned a t 1 200 dpi (minimum inp ut reso l utio n is 600 dpi) . C ol o r or grayscal e (h alf o e) ges - i u u mit as o i e u be in MY and not RGB . a cs o be s e Sh ould h av e a dpi of 300 350 . C o l r f l s sho ld C K Gr ph Sh ld b t d w n W r W r P rf t i it ima es em e in T A o e us a o or EPS i es . NO Po erPoi t or o d / o d e ec es e IFF, d b Ill tr t r f l f l w h g b dd d th em a re accep table . Th m n i n f a an or All p apers must confo rm to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. e first e t o o pl t nam u no t be abbre anima l name should inc lu de the full scientific name inc lud ing the authority. Genus es Sho ld im n mus be ea es i n a e e viated a t the e innin of a sen ence . In a onomic a e s t e s ec e s c b g g t t x p p r yp p t l rly d g t d , typ e osi o ies mus be c ea in icate and new ta a mus be c ea i e en iate om e istin ta a means d p t r t l rly d d , x t l rly d ff r t d fr x g x by Aut ar ui t e o i all e mate ia in Reco niz e ins i u ions O f keys or differential d ia gnoses . hors e req red o d p s t typ r l g d t t t uc e ecimens s ou be esi nate for ecimens use in e a io a or au teco (not priv ate collections) . Vo h r Sp h ld d g d Sp d b h v r l

o ica stu ies and e s ou be e osi e imi a . l g l d , th y h ld d p t d S l rly Acce tance O f a onomic a e s i not e ui e use of C a istic me o s o e e a ut o s usin t em i p t x p p r w ll r q r l d th d ; h w v r, h r g h w ll be e ecte to s eci the o enetic o am use if an inc u in isc uss ion o f o am O i o ns use . xp d p fy phyl g pr gr d ( y) , l d g d pr gr pt d A m mu un it c a ac e s and ese d ata matrix should be provided if the subj ect is complex . Cl ad ogra s st be h g w h h r t r th The num e of a simonious c a o ams ene Should inc lude descrip tors (not numbers alone) when feas ible . b r p r l d gr g r n t nd onsistenc i n ices ou be rovid ated Should be stated and reasons given for the one ad opted . Le g hs a c y d Sh ld p A e uate iscussions o u be i en for c a ac te s es iomo ic con itions a nd ist i u ions o f c a ac ed . d q d Sh ld g v h r r , pl rph d , d r b t h r ters among outgroup s when problematica l . Re e ences in the te s ou be Smi i o ut a comma o r Smit Two a tic es a s in e f r xt h ld ( th w th , h r l by gl ” ” mu i u the and not au o ou be Smi 1 999a 1 999b or Smit 1 999a 1 999b . For e au o s se o th r Sh ld ( th , ) h ( , ) lt pl th r , w rd , the s m o Smit a d ones For a e s in ess use in ess no t the e ec te u ica tion a te . y b l ( h n J p p r pr , pr , xp d p bl d u na names ou be s e e The Literatu re Cited section should in cl ude all papers referred to in the pape r. J o r l Sh ld p ll d out completely and in ita lics . At eas one a ut o O f the a e mus be a mem u ication c a es a re er inte a e . Cha rges . P bl h rg p pr d p g l t h r p p r t ints ar a e to the a u o and mus t be o e e ber of the International Society O f Hymenopteris ts . Repr e ch rg d th r rd r d ' t o e i ns a nd c a n es in oo are a so when retu rning the proofs; there a re no free reprints . A u hor s c rr ct o h g pr f l

a e i be i e a t fu cos t to the au o . ch a rged to the a uth o r. C olor pl t s w ll b ll d ll th r

All manusc rip ts and co rresp ond ence Sho uld be a ddressed to :

Dr G avin Broad Centre for Ecology Hydrology Mon s Woo o ts Ri ton k d , Abb p