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A Review on Floating Photovoltaic Technology (FPVT)

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A Review on Floating Photovoltaic Technology (FPVT) Current Photovoltaic Research 8(3) 67-78 (2020) pISSN 2288-3274 DOI:https://doi.org/10.21218/CPR.2020.8.3.067 eISSN 2508-125X A Review on Floating Photovoltaic Technology (FPVT) Hasnain Yousuf ․ Muhammad Quddamah Khokhar ․ Muhammad Aleem Zahid ․ Jaeun Kim ․ Youngkuk Kim ․ Eun-Chel Cho ․ Young Hyun Cho* ․ Junsin Yi* Collage of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea Received May 28, 2020; Revised June 11, 2020; Accepted August 21, 2020 ABSTRACT: A novel energy production system which has fascinated a wide consideration because of its several benefits that are called floating photovoltaic technology (FPVT). The FPVT system that helps to minimize the evaporation of water as well as an increase in energy production. For the research purposes, both electrical and mechanical structure requires studying of these systems for the development of FPVT power plants. From different points of views, numerous researches have been directed on FPVT systems that have evaluated these systems. The present research article give a logical investigation and up to date review that shows the different features and components of FPVT systems as an energy production system is offered. This articles reviewing the FPVT that gets the attention of the scientists who have the investigational stage and involuntary inspection of FPVT systems in addition to influence of implementing these systems on the water surface. Also, a comprehensive comparison has been constructed that shows the cons and pros of various types of solar systems that could be installed in various locations. In this review, it has been found that solar energy on the roof of a dwelling house generally has a power of 5 to 20 kW, while the inhabitants of commercial buildings generally have a power of 100 kW or more. The average power capacity of a floating solar panel is 11% more of the average capacity of a solar panel installed on the ground. Studies show that 40% of the water in open reservoirs is lost through evaporation. By covering only 30% of the water surface, evaporation can be reduced by 49%. The global solar panel market exceeds 100 GW and the capacity of 104 GW will bring the annual growth rate to 6%. In 2018, the world's total photovoltaic capacity reached 512 GW, an increase of 27% compared to the total capacity and about 55% of the renewable resources newly created that come from photovoltaic systems. It has been also predicted by this review that in 2025 the Solar technology including the FPVT system will increase by 7.38% that is 485.4 GW more of today installed power worldwide. Key words: Floating photovoltaic technology (FPVT), Types of Solar PV Systems, Components of FPV System, FPV Design Factors, Future aspect of FPVT Nomenclature has the capacity to be a substitute source of power as compare to conformist resources of energy3). Solar photovoltaic (PV) FPV: Floating Photovoltaic energy system is the utmost familiar application, that converts FPVT: Floating Photovoltaic Technology the light energy to produce power4). The favorable utilization of PV: Photovoltaic the PV system is a floating photovoltaic (FPV) system, which has high productivity and it can minimize water evaporation, 1. Introduction this technology growing rapidly5-10). The first installation of the 20 kW FPV system reported in Aichi, Japan that constructed for 11) All over the world, the significances of rising the use of research investigation. Trapani and Santafé investigate the energy requirement as well as the diminution of fossil-fuels, floating PV developments mounted from the years 2007 to the growing the global warming, and emission of greenhouse gases, year 2013, for example, considerable high capacity setups with require the progress and dispersion of energy sources that are the installed size of 175 kW executed in California in 2008 and renewable1), that are decent adoptions for providing the a 24 kW floating PV model mounted in Spain with the goal of fulfillment the demand of energy the solar photovoltaic systems minimizing the loss of water as evaporation, in 2015. Ueda et al. get attention2). Solar energy has furthermost appropriate energy construct the research for investigating the cooling effect and 12) sources currently that is utilized in a diversity of techniques and power output of FPV modules . Recently 40 MW floating photovoltaic (FPV) system have been mounted in China13) and apparently in the impending, the floating PV installation *Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected] capacity increased rapidly. To install FPV power plant around ⓒ 2020 by Korea Photovoltaic Society This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 67 68 H. Yousuf et al. / Current Photovoltaic Research 8(3) 67-78 (2020) 25% of the world power need (in 2014) can be provided by using grid. The research paper correspondingly delivers its strategy, just 1% of natural basins areas14). The FPV power plants present situation, and an impression of the FPV technology. installation has initiated in many countries like Japan start Kim et al.25) studied current technology on floating PV power building the world’s largest power plant15). To install the FPV systems of various mounted floating PV systems in South Korea power system and expand power production, numerous from 2009 to 2014. Cazzaniga et al.26) examined the various research has been carried on. Ferrer-Gisbert et al.16) evaluated floating PV power setup installed on the surface of the water and the process of novel floating PV power setup in the field of the the pontoon system in 2018. Additionally, various floating PV farming basin containing polythene floating PV panels, that system projects have been planned to enhance the productivity have established by a Company named CELEMIN Energy and of this system. This system exploiting functions such as cooling, the UPV University in 2013. The important parts of the FPV concentrating, and tracking have precisely been deliberated and power systems are along with the mooring system, separate the outcomes have designated an important influence of cooling floats structure, PV panels, electrical cables, and connections and tracking on the system competence. In recent years, used in underwater, and power solar inverters16). Furthermore, renewable energies have grown rapidly worldwide. Due to its Sacramento et al.17) inspected the cooling effect of FPV panels power and duration, solar energy is considered the most on various water storage structures in Brazil of the area where’s interesting substitute source of energy. Solar energy is available rainfall is moderate all over the year and related to the for free worldwide27). Through a photovoltaic (PV) system is the effectiveness of the floating PV power systems as compared to most common utilization of sunlight energy. The most the productivity of solar PV system that mounted on the ground sustainable, efficient, and environmentally responsive system surface. Sahu et al.18) furthermore to studying the connected in the field of renewable energy is a Photovoltaic (PV) floating PV power systems and deliberating the local structured system28-33). The mounting of photovoltaic solar panels will assembly and mechanisms of the current system, explore the bring a lot of lands, which will always be a quality product. benefits and drawbacks of these systems, in 2016. The most Different countries have distinct reservoirs, which can reduce significant aspect in calculating the size of FPV systems is to land savings and power generation costs34). Therefore, the demonstrate the electrical network between solar panels, which purchase of a photovoltaic solar system can be a very reasonable shows an imperative part in partial shading conditions (PSC). choice for utilizing solar energy by the water resources and Various researchers have anticipated for numerous inter- helps improve the economic stability of solar projects. Although connection of PV arrangements used in FPV panels. Villa et the energy obtained from photovoltaics is renewable energy, al.19) conferred the comprehensive research on existing PV long-term use can maintain the efficiency of less than 1535). The panels inter-connection arrangements appropriate for situations cooling effect of water generates more electricity than floating in shadow condition and some connection laws for panels solar supports and roofing systems. It also reduces the arrangement. Ko et al.20) examined the photovoltaic system evaporation and growth of algae in shaded tanks. The floating working beneath the PSC condition and measured the effect of platform can be recycled 100 times using high-density PV electrical and thermal properties by put on the broken diode polyethylene that resists ultraviolet rays and corrosion. used as a bypass in PV modules. Satpathy et al.21) studied the benefits of individual traditional inter-connection categories 2. Why Floating PV is rising? and by investigational experiments, designated to the highly 22) favorable. Tofoli et al. categories the best practical boost In some countries where deficiency of land usage, the converter with common ground circuit arrangements and prevalence of using solar panel systems to generate electricity designated the qualities and disadvantages of the current has been hampered by a lack of space and space limitations on 23) structures. Azidehak et al. examined the working and re- the roof. Local PV companies are constantly competing for gulation of the power converters that deliver the PV combi- land, including agriculture, industry, and population growth. 24) nation and arrangements. Anurag et al. construct a trans- These companies have recently discovered innovative alter- formerless solar PV system that can able to connect with the natives. The installation of floating panels on lakes, dams, grid, with a DC to DC converter for grid combined with the reservoirs, and the sea.
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