Watching the Watchdog 2.0 TV2 Mandarin
Section 1: Coverage of Political Parties and Coalitions 1.1 Volume of Coverage of Parties & Coalitions Figure 1: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions
STAR 0.00 0.00 Warisan 0.00 0.00 UPKO 0.00 0.00 PSM 0.00 0.00 PBRS 0.00 0.41 PDP 0.41 0.41 IKATAN 0.41 0.41 Other 0.61 0.82 PBB 0.82 1.02 MIC 1.22 1.84 Gerakan 2.45 3.88 PKR 4.29 4.49 AMANAH 4.69 8.16 MCA 11.22 21.84 BN 30.20 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00
• BN received the most coverage (30.20%), followed by PH (21.84%) and MCA (11.22%).
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Figure 2: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs. Opposition vs. Independent/Other
Independent 0.86
GS 4.94
BN 56.87
PH 37.34
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00
• Once parties/coalitions’ coverage volumes are combined, BN received the highest level of coverage (58.87%), followed by PH (37.34%) and GS (4.94%).
1.2 Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions Figure 3: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Political Parties & Coalitions Attacked Positive 3% 13% Negative 2%
Neutral 82% • The Neutral tone was used the most (82%), followed by Positive (13%) and Attacked (3%).
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Figure 4.1: Attacked Political Party & Coalition Coverage
STAR 0.00 USNO 0.00 Warisan 0.00 LDP 0.00 Other 0.00 UPKO 0.00 SUPP 0.00 SAPP 0.00 PSM 0.00 PRM 0.00 PRS 0.00 PPBM 0.00 PDP 0.00 PCM 0.00 PBS 0.00 PBRS 0.00 PBB 0.00 PAS 0.00 MIC 0.00 IKATAN 0.00 Gerakan 0.00 Gagasan Sejahtera 0.00 BN 0.00 AMANAH 11.76 UMNO 11.76 PKR 11.76 MCA 11.76 PH 23.53 DAP 29.41 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00
• DAP received the most Attacked coverage (29.41%), followed by PH (23.53%). • MCA, PKR, UMNO, and AMANAH received equal amounts of Attacked coverage (11.76%)
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Figure 4.2: Negative Political Party & Coalition Coverage
STAR 0.00 USNO 0.00 Warisan 0.00 LDP 0.00 Other 0.00 AMANAH 0.00 UPKO 0.00 UMNO 0.00 SUPP 0.00 SAPP 0.00 PSM 0.00 PRM 0.00 PRS 0.00 PPBM 0.00 PKR 0.00 PDP 0.00 PCM 0.00 PBS 0.00 PBRS 0.00 PBB 0.00 PAS 0.00 MIC 0.00 MCA 0.00 IKATAN 0.00 Gagasan Sejahtera 0.00 Gerakan 18.18 DAP 18.18 BN 18.18 PH 27.27 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00
• PH received the most Negative coverage (27.27%). • BN, DAP, and Gerakan received equal amounts of negative coverage (18.18%).
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Figure 5.1: Positive Political Party & Coalition Coverage
STAR 0.00 USNO 0.00 Warisan 0.00 LDP 0.00 Other 0.00 AMANAH 0.00 UPKO 0.00 SUPP 0.00 SAPP 0.00 PSM 0.00 PRM 0.00 PRS 0.00 PPBM 0.00 PDP 0.00 PCM 0.00 PBS 0.00 PBRS 0.00 PBB 0.00 MIC 0.00 IKATAN 0.00 Gerakan 0.00 DAP 0.00 UMNO 2.94 Gagasan Sejahtera 2.94 PKR 4.41 PAS 5.88 PH 13.24 MCA 16.18 BN 54.41 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00
• BN received the most positive coverage (54.41%), followed by MCA (16.18%) and PH (13.24%).
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Figure 5.2: Neutral Political Party & Coalition Coverage
STAR 0.00 USNO 0.00 Warisan 0.00 LDP 0.00 UPKO 0.00 SAPP 0.00 PSM 0.00 PBS 0.00 PBRS 0.00 Gagasan Sejahtera 0.00 PRS 0.51 PDP 0.51 PCM 0.51 IKATAN 0.51 Other 0.76 PRM 1.02 PBB 1.02 SUPP 1.27 MIC 1.52 PPBM 2.28 Gerakan 2.79 DAP 3.55 PKR 4.06 PAS 4.82 AMANAH 5.08 UMNO 9.64 MCA 10.66 PH 22.34 BN 27.16 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00
• BN received the most Neutral coverage (27.16%), followed by PH (22.34%) and MCA (10.66%).
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Figure 6: Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs. Opposition vs. Independent/Other
5.11 8.82 GS 0.00 0.00
1.46 0.00 Independent 0.00 0.00
40.63 17.65 PH 55.56 78.95
52.80 73.53 BN 44.44 21.05
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00
Neutral Positive Negative Attacked
• PH received the most Attacked and Negative coverage, while BN received the most coverage for Positive and Neutral.
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Section 2: Coverage of Politicians and Political Figures 2.1 Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures Figure 7: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
Lim Guan Eng 2.34
Ahmad Zahid Hamidi 3.74
Liow Tiong Lai 4.39
Mahathir Mohamad 6.73
Najib Razak 11.96
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00
• Only the top 5 most mentioned politicians are shown on this graph. • Out of these 5, Najib Razak received the most mentions by a significant proportion (11.96%), followed by Mahathir Mohamad (6.73%).
Figure 8: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs. Opposition vs. Independent/Other
BN 28%
Others 52%
PH 19% GS 1% • When the mentions of individual politicians and political figures are combined and merged into their respective coalitions, we can see that coverage of figures from both major coalitions is skewed towards Independent/ Others (52%).
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2.2 Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources Figure 9: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources
Hishamuddin Hussein 2.23
Mahathir Mohamad 4.47
Liow Tiong Lai 6.70
Ahmad Zahid Hamidi 7.82
Najib Razak 11.17
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00
• Only the top 5 most mentioned politicians are shown on this graph. • Out of these 5, Najib Razak received the most mentions by majority (11.17%), followed by Ahmad Zahid Hamidi (7.82%).
Figure 10: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Government vs. Opposition vs. Independent/Other
BN 36%
Others 55%
PH GS 7% 2% • When the mentions of individual politicians and political figures are combined and merged into their respective coalitions, we can see that coverage of figures from both major coalitions is skewed towards Independent/ Others (55%).
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2.3 Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures Figure 11: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Politicians & Political Figures Attacked Positive 5% 15%
Neutral 4%
Negative 76%
• Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of politicians and political figures, the negative category was used the most often (76%), followed by the positive category (15%).
Figure 12.1: Negative Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
Nga Kor Ming 11.11
Wee Ka Siong 22.22
Rosmah Mansor 22.22
Najib Razak 44.44
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00 50.00
• In terms of the tone of mentions of politicians and political figures, Najib Razak received the most negative coverage (44.44%), followed by both Rosmah Mansor and Wee Ka Siong (22.22%).
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Figure 12.2: Attacked Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
Chong Sin Woon 6.67
P. Ramasamy 6.67
Wee Ka Siong 6.67
Najib Razak 6.67
Darrel Iking 13.33
Nga Kor Ming 20.00
Mahathir Mohamad 33.33
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00
• Mahathir Mohamad received the most attacked coverage (33.33%), followed by Nga Kor Ming (20.00%).
Figure 13.1: Positive Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
Anwar Ibrahim 2.91
Lim Guan Eng 2.91
Tian Chua 2.91
Liow Tiong Lai 2.91
Mah Siew Kong 3.88
Ahmad Zahid Hamidi 5.83
Mahathir Mohamad 9.71
Najib Razak 22.33
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00
• In terms of the tone of mentions of politicians and political figures, Najib Razak received the most positive coverage (22.33%), followed by Mahathir Mohamad (9.71%)
Figure 13.2: Neutral Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
Tian Chua 2.50
Ahmad Zahid Hamidi 3.18
Liow Tiong Lai 4.31
Mahathir Mohamad 5.68
Najib Razak 8.85
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00
• Najib Razak received the most neutral coverage (8.85%), followed by Mahathir Mohamad (5.68%).
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Figure 14: Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs. Opposition vs. Independent/Other
Attacked 11.11 Neutral 57.63
Others Negative 0.00 Positive 35.51 Attacked 0.00 Neutral 0.56 GS Negative 0.00 Positive 1.87 Attacked 66.67 Neutral 17.51 PH Negative 18.18 Positive 24.30 Attacked 22.22 Neutral 24.29
BN Negative 81.82 Positive 38.32
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00
Overall, BN received the highest positive and negative coverage. PH received the highest attacked coverage, and Independent/ Others received highest neutral coverage.
2.4 Tone of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Attack Politics or Negative Campaigning Figure 15: Attack Politics: Which Politicians and Political Figures Employ 'Attack Politics' Most Often?
Nga Kor Ming 3.85 Mahathir Mohamad 3.85 Hishamuddin Hussein 3.85 Chong Sin Woon 3.85 Ahmad Zahid Hamidi 7.69 Wee Ka Siong 11.54 Liow Tiong Lai 19.23 Najib Razak 26.92
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00
• This graph is weighted to show attack politics as a proportion of overall use as source. • Najib Razak was the politicians most likely to engage in attack politics (26.92%), followed by Liow Tiong Lai (19.23%).
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Figure 16: Attack Politics: Which Coalition Employs Attack Politics Most Often?
BN 38%
Others 57%
PH GS2% 3%
• This graph is weighted to show attack politics as a proportion of overall use as source. • Overall, Independent/ Others (57%) coalition politicians engaged in attack politics more often than BN (38%).
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Section 3: Coverage of Issues 3.1. Volume of Media Coverage of Policy Issues vs Non-Policy Issues Figure 17: Coverage of Policy vs Non-Policy Issues Policy Issues 11%
Non-policy Issues 89% Note: Non-policy issues received an overwhelmingly more coverage than Policy issues.
Figure 18: Policy Issues Oppressive Religion Vision Legislation 5% 15% 12% National Security 2% Foreign Policy 2%
Education 10%
Economy/Develop ment 54% Note: Economy/Development was the most covered issue, followed by Vision and Oppressive Legislation
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Figure 18.1: Breakdown of Vision/Policy/Programme
BN Manifesto 100%
Note: Only the BN Manifesto was covered as part of the Vision/Policy/Programme segment of TV2 Mandarin news.
Figure 18.2: Breakdown of Economy/Development Issues BREAKDOWN OF ECONOMY/DEVELOPMENT ISSUES
1MDB Other 24% 29%
Welfare 5%
Growth 9% Housing 19% Inflation/GST Infrastructure 5% 9% Note: 1MDB was the most covered topic, followed by Housing. GST was not as prominent as expected.
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Figure 19: Non-Policy Issues Ethnicity Democracy & Electioneering 6% Human Rights 16% Gender 6% 0% Socioeconomic sectors Mudslinging 5% 2%
Territory 65% Note: Territory was the largest, but primarily due to the fact that any news piece that mentioned anyone from any territory was tagged with the “Territory” tag – so there may have been overlap of the data with other categories.
Figure 19.1: Breakdown of Socioeconomic Sectors Other Middle class/Professionals 6% 6% Cost of living 13% Working class 19%
Rural 6%
Plantation/estate workers 6%
Military and police 44% Note: Military and police were the most covered, followed by Working class and Middle class/Professionals.
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Figure 19.2: Breakdown of Territory Issues
Bangsa Johor 0
Sabah Independence 1
Sarawak Independence 3
Terengganu 6
Selangor 28
Sarawak 15
Sabah 20
Penang 11
Perlis 4
Perak 22
Pahang 13
Negeri Sembilan 15
Malacca 14
Kelantan 7
Kedah 10
Johor 34
Putrajaya 6
Labuan 0
Kuala Lumpur 10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Note: Johor received the most coverage, followed by Selangor and Perak. Sabah/Sarawak Independence received very limited coverage.
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