Note Rev. bras. oceanogr., 46(2):213-217, 1998

Marine sponges of State, NE

Guilherme Muricy & Femando C. Moraes

Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Departamento de lnvertebrados (Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil) e-mail: [email protected].

. Descriptors: Porifera, Taxonomy, Distribution, SW Atlantic, NE Brazil.

. Descrilores: Porifera, Taxonomia, Distribuição, Atlântico sudoeste, Brasil.

Introduction benthic organisms, ftom mangroves to subtidal rocky shores and submarine caves. Waters are very clear, without any trace of coastal sednnents, and marine The Brazilian coastline is still poorly studied ftom life is highly diverse. Tamandaré is located a faunistic viewpoint. Brazilian sponges are among approxnnately 200 km south of (8°45'S- the less studied in the world, and most of the 36°6'W), and presents two parallel ftinging reefs: the knowledge about them comes ftom dredging by first ftinge, close to the beach, is shallow (maxÚIlUID foreign expeditions such as the Challenger (e.g., 5 m deep) and subjected to sediment input. The Ridley & Dendy, 1887) and the Calypso (Boury- second ftinge is located approximately 3 miles off- Esnault, 1973). Brazilian shallow-water sponges, shore, about 30 m deep. The docks of CEPENE are easily accessed by divers, still remain 1argely located right on the beach, with heavy sediment input. unknown (Hajdu et aJ., 1996). In this study, we Specimens were fixed in 70010ethanol soon after describe the composition and distribution of the collection, brought to the laboratory for identification, shallow water marine sponge fauna ftom the National and deposited in the sponge collection of the Marine Park of Fernando de Noronha and ftom Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJPOR). Tamandaré, both in Pemambuco State, Northeastem Species identification followed the usual techniques Brazil. Such basic taxonomic data can help the (Rützler, 1980). development of management plans for these protected areas.

Results

Material and methods 56 sponge species were found, 35 of which were identified to the species leveI. 25 species Collections were made by SCUBA diving in are new records for Pemambuco State, and 9 are February 1996, ftom 1-30 m deep in seven sites in new records for the Brazilian coast (Table 1). 7 Femando de Noronha (Atalaia Pools - site 1, Iúias - species (Plakortis spp. 1, 2 and 3; Oscarella spp. 1 site 2, Pedras Secas - site 3, Cagarras -site 4, Sancho and 2; Gastrophanella sp.; and Haliclona sp.) are -site5, Pontada Sapata-site 6, and submarinecave apparently new to science, and will be described in Ponta da Sapata - site 7), and three sites in elsewhere. 14 orders were represented, including Tamandaré (Mamucabinha - site 8, CEPENE Docks - one of the C1ass Calcarea (Clathrinida: site 9, and Biquara Reefs - site 10) (Fig. 1). Femando Clathrinidae) and 13 of the Demospongiae, de Noronha is located approxnnately 550 km E-NE of comprising 28 families (Homosclerophorida: Recife, Pemambuco State, and 360 km east of Natal, Plakinidae; Spirophorida: Tetillidae; Astrophorida: State (3°51'S-32°26'W). The Geodiidae; Lithistida: Azoricidae; Hadromerida: archipelago is a branch of the mid-Atlantic ridge, Clionidae, Placospongiidae, Spirastrellidae; separated ITom the by depths up to four Chondrosida: Chondrillidae; Agelasida: Agelasidae; thousand meters. It shows a variety of habitats for Halichondriida: Halichondriidae, Axinellidae, 214 Rev. bras. oceanogr., 46(2), 1998

Dictyonellidae; Poecilosclerida: Raspaillidae, heterogeneously distributed. The high number of new Clathriidae, Mycalidae, Tedaniidae, records for both Pemambuco State and the Brazilian Phoriospongiidae, Crambeidae; Haplosclerida: coast (25 and 9, respectively) demonstrates the Chalinidae, Callyspongiidae, Niphatidae, Petrosiidae, insufficiency of previous taxonomic studies Oll Phloeodictyidae; Dictyoceratida: Irciniidae; sponges ITom Pemambuco. The presence of 7 Dendroceratida: Dysideidae, Dictyodendrillidae; provisional endemics (undescribed species) reinforces Verongida: Aplysinidae, Druinellidae). The most the need to protect benthic communities in the area. diverse orders in the area were the Poecilosclerida After this study, 75 species are known from and Haplosclerida, with 10 species each, followed by Pemambuco State (see also Carter, 1890; Mothes & the Halichondriida (8 species) and the Bastian, 1993), which is probably only a small Homosclerophorida (7 species).The distribution of ITactionofthe true sponge diversity in the area. the species among the different collecting sites was Sponge distribution in Pemambuco State is heterogeneous (Table 1). patchy, with different species composition in the sites studied. Distribution of sponge species is determined Discussion mostly by physical factors such as type of substrate, sediment input, temperature, and wave action (Sará & Qur results show that the sponge fauna of Vacelet, 1973; Rützler, 1980). Sedimentation is Pemambuco State is highly diverse and

A 32°24'W Fernando de Noronha 4 d (J A 6 I~ c:? GJ

03

03°51'5

500m

B 08°35'5

Tamandaré

35°05'W

010 5 km

Fig. 1. Map ofBrazilian coast, showing the location ofthe study sites. A, Fernando de Noronha: 1, Atalaia; 2, Iúias; 3, Pedras Secas; 4, Cagarras; 5, Sancho; 6, Ponta da Sapata; 7, Sapata Cave. B, Tamandaré: 8, Mamucabinha; 9, CEPENE Docks; 10, Biquara reef MURlCY & MORAES: Sponges ofPemambuco 215

Table I. Distribution and classification of marine sponges ITomFemando de Noronha and Tamandaré, NE BraziI.

Femando de Noronha Tamandaré Species I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Atalaia lúias Pedras Cagarras Sancho Ponta Sapata Mamuca-CEPENE Biquara Secas Sapata Cave binha Calcare a: Clathrinida Clathrinaaurea Solé-Cavaetal., 1991* x Clathrina SD. x x Demospongiae: Homosderoohorida Plakortis anflUlosoiculatus (Carter, 1879)** x x x x x Plakortis SI>.1*+ Plakortis SD.2*+ x x Plakortis SI).3*+ x Oscarella SD.1*+ Oscarella SD.2*+ x Plakina SD.* x SDiroohorida Cinachyrella alloc1ada Uliczka, 1929 x Astroohorida Geodia corticostvlifera Haidu et ai., 1992 x Geodia cf oaovracea Hechtel,1965 x Ervlus formosus Sollas,1886 x x Lithistida Gastroohanella SD...+ x Haclromerida Cliona cf celata Grant, 1826 x AnthosiKmellavarians (Duch. & Mich. 1864)* x x PlacosponKia intermedia Ridley & Dendy, 1887 x Spirastrella coccinea (Duch. & Mich., 1864) x x x x x Chondrosiida Chondrosia collectrix (Schmidt, 1870) x x Chondrilla nucula Schmidt, 1862 x x x A2elasida AKelasdispar Duch. & Mich., 1864 x x x x AKelas c1athrodes (Schmidt, 1870)* x x x x Haliehondrüda Pseudaxinella reticulata (Ridley & Dendy, x x x 1886)* Axinella corrullata George & Wilson, 1919 x Halichondria mallniconulosa Hechtel 1969* x Halichondria SI).* x Topsentia ophiraphidites (de Laubenfels, 1954) x x x x Petromica ciocalyptoides (Soest & Zea, 1986)* x Dictvonella SD. x x Scooalina ruetzleri (Wiedenma.ver,1977)* x x x x Poeeüoselerida Ectyoplasiaferox (Duch. & Mich., 1864)** x x x cf Eurvoon SD.* x Mvcale anflUlosa íDuch & Mich., 1864)* x x Tedania ignis (Duch. & Mich., 1864) x x Monanchora arbuscula (Duch. & Mich., 1864) x x x x x Clathria (Thalysias) cf. venosa (Alcolado, x x 1984)** Clathria (Thalysias) minuta (van Soest, 1984)** x x Echinoc1athria(Holopsamma) helwigi x (de Laubenfels, 1936)** Batzella SI).* x x x Stron[(Ylacidon SD.* x x 216 Rev. bras. oceanogr., 46(2), 1998

Table 1 (eon!.). Femando de Noronha Tamandaré Speeies 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Atalaia lúias Pedras Cagarras Sancho Ponta Sapata Mamuca- CEPENE Biquara Secas Sapata Cave binha Haplosclerida Haliclona SD.+ x Callyspongia pergamentacea (Rid1ey,1881)* x x Callyspongia sp. x x Niphates amorpha Wiedenmayer, 1977** x x x x Niphates SD. x Amphimedon viridis Dueh. & Mieh. 1864* x x Amphimedon sp. x x x Oceanapia sp. x Petrosia sp.** x x Xestospongia sp.* x Dictyoceratida Ircinia strobilina (Lamarek, 1816)* x x x x Hvrtios proteus Dueh. & Mieh., 1864** x Deodroceratida Dysidea sp. x x x x Igernella notabilis (Dueh. & Mieh., 1864)* x Veroo2ida Aplysina cauliformis (Carter, 1882)* x x Aiolochroia crassa (Hyatt, 1875)* x x x x x x Number of sDeeies 2 19 20 13 6 8 8 16 6 20

Key: **, new record for the Brazilian eoast; *, newreeord for Pernambueo State; +, undeseribed speeies.

particularly high in sites 8 and 9 (Mamucabinha and Pawlek, Tegan Eve, Brian Chanas and Danielle CEPENE docks, both in Tamandaré), and wave Martins for help during. collections. Marcos action is important in the tive shallow-water sites: Moraes of the IBAMA-FN and Mauro Maida Mamucabinha and CEPENE docks in Tamandaré, ftom the CEPENE provided facilities during the Cagarras (site 4), Sancho (site 5) and Sapata point tield trip. Laboratory work was supported by (site 6), in Fernando de Noronha. Both factors seem FUJB/UFRJ (Programa de Apoio a Docente to decrease species richness of sponges in these sites. Recém-Doutor Antonio Luiz Vianoa 1996, proc. The number of sponge species is much higher in the 6958-2). Guilherme Muricy has a fellowship ftom deeper-water, sediment-ftee sites Iúias (site 2), Pedras CNPq (proc. 520708/96-2), and Femando C. Moraes Secas (site 3) and Biquara reefs (site 10) (Table 1). has a fellowship ftom FAPERJ (proc. E- Although with a 10wnumber of species sampled (8), 26/150.056/97). species composition in Sapata Cave (site 7) is markedly different ftom that of the other sites. Several new species were found in this cave, which needs further exploration. References The heterogeneous distribution of sponge species indicates a need to preserve large areas incIuding different benthic environments, to protect most of the Boury-Esnault, N. 1973. Spongiares. In: Campagne sponge diversity in Pernambuco state. Protected de Ia "Calypso" au large des côtes atlantiques de habitats should incIude at least shallow-water ftinging l'Amérique du Sud. (1961-1962). Rés. Sci. reefs, deeper-water reefs, exposed and sheltered CampoCalypso, 10: 263-295. rocky shores, and submarine caves. Such habitats are already protected in Femando de Noronha, but the Carter, H. J. 1890. On the zoology of Femando degree of effective environrnental protection in de Noronha. 1. Lino. Soc., Zool., 20: 564-569. Tamandaré is still very low and should be increased.

Hajdu, E., Muricy, G.; Berlinck, R. G. S. & Ack.nowledgements Freitas, J. C. 1996. Marine poriferan diversity in Brazil: through knowledge to management. In: Bicudo, C. E. M. & Menezes, N. A. eds. We wish to acknowledge Rosângela de A. Epifanio, William Fenical, Paul Jensen, Wayne Biodiversity in Brazil: a first approach. São Paulo, CNPq. p. 157-171. MURlCY & MORAES: Sponges ofPernarnbuco 217

Mothes, B. & Bastian, M C. K A. 1993. Esponjas do Sará, M & Vaeelet. J. 1973. Ecologie des arquipélago de Femando de Noronha, Brasil démosponges. In: Grassé, P. P. ed. Traité de (porifera, Demospongiae). Iheringia, sér. Zool., Zoologie: Spongiaires. Paris, Masson. p. 462- Porto Alegre, (75): 15-31. 576.

Ridley, S. O. & Dendy, A. 1887. Report on the monaxonida eollected by the HMS Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Rep. Sei. Res. Voy. Challenger, 20: 1-275.

Rützler, K 1980. Sponges in coral reefs. In: Stoddart, D. R & Johannes, R E. eds. Coral reefs: researeh methods. Monogr. Oceanogr. Methodol., 5:299- (Manuscript received 01 June 1998; revised 313. 10 November 1998; accepted 10 December 1998)