Subject index

A adalimumab 70, 84, 91, 189 α-bungarotoxin (bungarus Addison’s disease (AD) 205, 275, 277, multicincus) 229 f. 281, 287 f., 290 f., 293 f. α6β4-integrin 128 adenocarcinoma 203, 250 abatacept (T-cell costimulation adolase 30 modulator) 70, 84 adrenal cortex 293 abdominal discomfort 175 adrenal crisis 282 abdominal distension 196, 198 adrenal haemorrhage 56 abdominal pain 159, 176, 178, 186 ff., adrenal insufficiency 285, 294 195 ff., 250, 258, 277, 282, 289 adrenergic beta-blockers 270 ABSIS (autoimmune bullous skin adrenocorticotropic hormone disease intensity score) 132 (ACTH) 281ff., 294 132 adrenoleukodystrophy 283 ACA/21-OH antibodies 293 adult ITP 257, 260 acetylocholine receptor (AChR) 225 agitation 233 achalasia 283 AIDP 221f. Achilles tendon 90 AIH  seeautoimmunehepatitis,158 achlorhydria 251 — type 1 158, 164 acidosis 275 —type2165 aCL 57 — type 3 158, 165 ACPA (Antibodies to citrullinated AIH  seeautoimmunehepatitis peptides or proteins) 65, 68 AIRE (auto immune regulator) 291 acquired thrombophilia 55 airway involvement 82 ACR  see Americal College of AITD  seeautoimmunethyroid Rheumatology, 21 disease acrosclerosis 37 alacrimia 283 actin 166, 173 alanine aminotransferases 28 acute cholangitis 178 alcohol 157, 243, 245, 251, 259 acute generalized paralysis 219 aldosterone 294 acute hepatitis 161 alkaline phosphatase (AP) 167 f., 176,

acute inflammatory demyelinating 179, 270 polyneuropathy (AIDP) 219 “allergic rhinitis/sinusitis 97 acute intermittent porphyria 220 allergic” symptoms 118 acute motor axonal neuropathy alopecia 51, 135 ff., 290 f., 293 (AMAN) 219 alopecia areata 290 acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy ALT 30 (AMSAN) 219 alveolar haemorrhage 93, 96 ff. acute myeloid leukemia 216 alveolitis 17, 19, 26, 97 acute phase proteins 40 AM  see antimitochondrial antibodies acute phase reactants 19, 65, 111 306 S 

AMA  see antimitochondrial angina 56, 250 antibodies, 170, 174, 177 — abdominalis 106, 111 AMAN (Acute motor axonal angular queilosis 250 neuropathy) 220 f. anisocytosis 251 amaurosis fugax 56 ankylosing spondylitis 75, 91 amenorrhoea 159, 198, 282 ankylosis 66 American Association of annexin 1 141 Neuromuscular & annexin V 57, 59 Electrodiagnostic Medicine 226 annular 145 American College of Rheumatology annular lesions 146 f. (ACR) 3, 63, 65, 93 anorexia 159, 188, 196, 198, 250, 282, American College of Rheumatology 289 Criteria 94, 103, 118, 120 anti-21-hydroxylase antibodies 283 American Rheumatism anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) Association 63 f. antibodies 226–230 aminosalicylates 189 anti-actin 160, 164 f. aminotransferase 29, 156, 158, 162 anti-AMPAR antibodies 234, 237 AMPA 234 anti-annexin 1 antibodies 138, 140 ff. AMPA receptor 235 anti-β1 adrenergic receptor AMPAR 238 autoantibodies 245 amphiphysin 235, 238 anti-β2glycoproteinI(β2GPI) amphiphysis 233 antibodies 55–58 amyloidosis 19, 283 anti-C1q antibodies 5 ANA  see antinuclear antibodies anti-CADM-140 32 anaemia 51f., 144, 186, 197 f., 203 f., anti-CCP (anti-cyclic citrullinated 206 f. peptides) antibodies 68, 78, 114 anaemia, haemolytic  see haemolytic anti-CD20  see also rituximab 271 anaemia anti-centromere antibodies (ACA) 19, anaemia, macrocytic  see macrocytic 52 anaemia anti-cortex adrenal antibodies 283 anaemia, megaloblastic  see anti-D immunoglobulin 259, 261 megaloblastic anaemia anti-desmoglein 1 antibodies 131 anaemia, microcytic  see microcytic anti-DNA topoisomerase I (anti-Scl-70) anaemia antibodies 19 anaemia, pernicious  see pernicious anti-dsDNA antibodies 3, 5, 37, 52, 114, anaemia 148 anakinra (interleukin-1 receptor anti-EJ 32 antagonist) 70, 84 anti-ENA (extractable nuclear analgesics 91 antigens) 19 ANCA see also anti-neutrophil anti-endomysium IgA antibodies 194 f., cytoplasmic antibodies 93, 96 ff., 200 101 anti-endomysium IgG antibodies 194 f., ANCA-associated vasculitides 93 199 f. anchor E 101 anti-endomysium IgG antibodies 199 androgens 288 anti-fibrinolytics 261 aneurysms 104, 107 anti-GAD antibodies 234, 238 S  307 anti-ganglioside antibodies 221f. anti-phospholipid syndrome 259 anti-gastric parietal cells 249, 251 anti-pituitary antibodies 293 anti-glycan antibodies 190 anti-PL-12 32 anti-GQ1b 221 anti-PL-7 32 anti-heart antibodies (AHA) 242 f., anti-PM/Scl 32, 35, 37, 41f. 245 f. anti-reticulin 200 anti-IF (intrinsic factor) 249, 251 anti-RNA-polymerase antibodies 21 anti-IL1b therapies 77 anti-RNP antibodies 40 anti-inflammatory drugs 84 anti-Ro (52, 60) 32 anti-insulin syndrome 287 anti-Ro (SSA) antibodies 5, 9–12, 52, anti-intrinsic factor antibodies 203, 138, 140, 143 ff., 149 ff. 205, 252 anti-Ro52 141f. anti-Jo-1 32 f., 40 anti-SAE 32 anti-KS 32 anti-Scl-70  see also anti-DNA anti-Ku 35, 37, 41f. topoisomerase I antibodies 19, anti-La (SSB) 5, 9–13, 52, 144, 149 21, 52 anti-LGI1 237 anti-skeletal muscle antibodies 229 f. anti-liver cytosol-1 (LC-1) 165 anti-SLA/LP 160, 164, 166 anti-liver-kidney microsome-1 anti-Sm (Smith) 3, 37, 41, 52, 138, 140 (LKM-1) 158, 160, 165, 293 anti-Sm-D 41 anti-M2 168, 173 f. anti-smooth muscle antibodies 158 anti-Ma2 antibodies 233 anti-SRP 30, 32 anti-MCV (anti mutated citrullinated anti-SSB/La 48 vimentin) 68 anti-streptolysin O titres (AST) 76, 78 anti-Mi-2 32 anti-synthetase antibodies 30, 40 anti-MJ 32 anti-Th/To 21 anti-muscarinic drugs 228 anti-thyroid antibodies 259, 294 anti-muscle specific kinase (MuSK) anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) 197 antibodies 226 f. — IgA antibodies 194 f., 199 f. anti-nativeDNA seealsoanti-dsDNA — IgG antibodies 194 f., 200 (double stranded) 138, 140, 144, anti-TNF 31, 77, 189 149 anti-TSH receptor antibodies anti-native gliadin antibodies 200 (TRAb) 269 anti-neuronal antibodies 233 f., 236 anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein (U1-RNP) anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies antibodies 9, 21, 32, 35, 40, 52 (ANCA) 68 anti-U3-RNP (anti-fibrillarin) anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies antibodies 21 (ANZA) 100 anti-YRS 32 anti-NMDA receptor anti-Zo 32 encephalitis 236 ff. antibiotics 181 anti-nRNP 37 antibodies against Saccharomyces anti-OJ 32 cerevisiae (ASCA) 186, 190 anti-p140 32 antibodies to gastric parietal cells 254 anti-p155(/140) 32 antibodies to IF 254 anti-p68 35, 40 antibodies to NR1 234 anti-parietal cell 203, 205, 252 308 S 

anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) 55, arrhythmias, supraventricular  see 57 f. supraventricular arrhythmias anticholinergic 47 arrythmia 15, 17, 19, 241f., 245, 289 anticholinergics 46 arterial thrombosis 56, 60 anticoagulant therapy 260 arterial vasospasm 17 anticoagulation 59, 245 arthralgia 15, 17, 26, 51, 56, 97, 106–111, anticytoplasmic autoantibodies 31 136, 159, 170 antidepressants 46, 122 arthritis 3, 15, 26, 35, 37, 40, 43, 51, 56, antihistaminic 47 64, 136, 145, 197 f. antimalarials 12, 53, 69, 91, 139 f., 148 f. arthritis mutilans 87, 89 antimitochondrial antibodies arthritis purulenta 74 (AMA) 156, 165, 167 ff., 171, 173 arthritis/arthralgia 47 antinuclear antibodies (ANA) 3, 8, 19, arthropathy 188 31, 37, 48, 52 f., 68, 76, 79, 81, 114, artricular swelling 37 138, 140, 143 f., 148 f., 156, 158, 160, Asbury and Cornblath’s criteria 220 f. 164 ff., 168, 173, 175, 177 ASCA  see antibodies against antiopathy 278 Saccharomyces cerevisiae antiphosphatidylethanolamine (aPE) ascites 171 antibodies 57 aseptic bone necrosis 163 antiphosphatidylserine antibodies 57 asialoglycoprotein receptor protein antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) 3, (ASGPR) 165 55, 59, 68, 259 asphasia 235 antiphospholipid syndrome 55, 291 aspirin 59, 61, 113 antiplatelet agents 61 asplenia 290 antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) 35, 37, ASS (antisynthetase syndrome) 37 41 AST (aspartate aminotransferase) 30 antithymocyte-globulin (ATG) 100 asthenia 288 f. antithyroid drugs 270 asthma 93, 95 ff. anxiety 233, 235, 268, 270 asymptomatic thyroiditis 290 f. aortic regurgitation 106 f. ataxia 211, 219, 250 aortitis 105 atherosclerosis 19 AP  see alkaline phosphatase atrioventricular conduction delay 244 AP(alkaline phosphatase) 178 atrophic gastritis 205, 250–254, 290 f., aphonia 83 293 aphthosis 197 atrophic glossitis 204 aphtosis 198 atrophic thyroiditis 267 aplastic anaemia 260 atypical perinuclear staining APS  seeautoimmunepolyendocrine (pANCA) 190 syndromes audio vestibular damage 81 APS-1 287 f., 290 f., 293 f. auricular 81 APS-2 287 f., 291, 293 f. autoimmune Addison’s disease or APS-3 287 f., 291 autoimmune adrenalitis 281 APS-4 287, 291 autoimmune adrenalitis (AAD) 281 areflexia 219 f. autoimmune encephalitis 233 aromatic aminoacid decarboxylase autoimmune gastritis 203 (AADC) antibodies 293 S  309 autoimmune gastrointestinal barley 199 diseases 185 basal cortisol 281, 283 autoimmune haemocytopenia 283 basal ganglia 290 autoimmune haemolytic anaemia 291 basal membrane 138 autoimmune hepatitis 18, 290 basement membrane 13, 128, 133 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) 18, 155, behaviour problems 236 170, 179, 291, 293 behavioural change 235 autoimmune liver diseases 155 Bernard-Soulier syndrome 260 autoimmune myositis 51 beta cells 273 autoimmune polyendocrine beta-blockers 43, 46 syndromes 277 beta-interferons 216 autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes bibasilar pulmonary fibrosis 18 (APS) 238, 275, 287 bile duct 170, 175, 179 autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-can- biliary cirrhosis 171, 175 didiasis-ectodermal dystrophy biliary dysplasia 180 (APECED) 287 biliary epithelial cells 177 autoimmune thrombocytopenia 291 biliary obstruction 180 autoimmune thrombocytopenic biliary strictures 180 purpura 257 bilirubin 172, 176, 178 f., 250 autoimmune thyroid disease biological agents 76 f., 84 (AITD) 49, 267, 287, 291 biological DMARD 70 autoimmune thyroiditis 197 bisphosphonates 69, 173, 181 autonomic dysfunction 220 bladder 117 autonomic imbalance 235 — carcinoma 98 avascular necrosis 56 — dysfunction 211, 215, 220 axonal damage 219 bleeding 96, 197 f., 257–260 axonal degeneration 203 — complications 262 axonal involvement 222 — gastrointestinal 111 azathioprine 30, 40, 48, 77, 84, 100, 112, — gynaecologic 258 132 f., 149, 159, 162 f., 172, 189, 228, — oesophageal 171 262 — peristomal varices 180 f. azotaemia 282 bleeding, nose  seenosebleeds bleomycin 19 B 127, 129 B-17 90 blood B-27 90 — count 97 f., 259 β-blockers 245 — glucose 273, 275, 278 B1 deficiency 198 — pressure 243 β2-glycoprotein 60 — sugar 279 B8 159 bloody diarrhoea 187 Babinsky’s phenomenon 250 blurred vision 275, 277 bacterial cholangitis 180 f. bone marrow examination 259 bacterial infection 68 bone marrow toxicity 98 balance disorders 215 bone pain 197 barium studies 187 bosentan 20, 40 barium swallow 19 botulism 220 310 S 

bowel and bladder 215 campath-1H 262 bowel dilation 187 Campylobacter jejuni 219 f. bowel dysfunction 215, 220 cancer 19, 199 bowel ischaemia 107 cancer associated myopathy 28 BP180 130–133 cancer, gastric 206 BP180 (collagen XVII) 128 candidiasis  see chronic candidiasis, BP230 128, 130, 132 f. 287 f. bradycardia 268, 283 capillary necrotizing brain MRI 233 f. glomerulonephritis 100 brainstem(speechandswallowing)215 capture E 101 f. breast cancer 234 carbohydrate metabolism 278 breathing 25 carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 179 breathlessness 19 carcinoid tumour 207, 250 bridging necrosis 170 carcinomas 65 British Association of cardiac arrhythmia 222 Dermatologists 131 cardiac 244 brittle hair 268 cardiac dilation 244 bronchial inflammation 83 cardiac disease 271 bronchoalveolar lavage 19, 97 cardiac function 76 bruising 257, 259 f. cardiac magnetic resonance Budd-Chiari syndrome 56 (CMR) 246 budesonide 163, 172, 189 cardiac resynchronization therapy 246 bulbar 227 cardiac system 25 bulirubin 171 cardiac transplantation 241 bullous autoimmune skin diseases 127 cardiolipin 60, 177 bullous 128 ff., 132 f. cardiomegaly 242, 244 bundle branch block 244 cardiomyopathy 242 burning sensation 172 cardiotoxic agents 245 cardiotoxic factors 241 C cardiotoxicity 216 c-peptide 275 f. cardiovascular diseases 65, 275 c-reactive protein (CRP) 52, 65, 68, 70, cardiovascular risk 7, 69 ff 76 ., 81, 89, 97 f., 111f., 114, 186, carpal tunnel syndrome 17, 19 189 cartilage 81, 83 C3 19 —inflammation 82 C3 deposits 130, 132 CASPAR (classification criteria for C4 19 psoriatic arthritis) 88 CA19-9 179 CASPR2 antibodies 234 ff., 238 fi calci ed calculi 187 cataract formation 163 calcineurin antagonists 148 f. catastrophic antiphospholipid calcineurin inhibitors 133 syndrome (CAPS) 57, 59 calcinosis 15, 17, 21, 26 CBC  seealsocompleteblood calcium 69, 173, 181, 199, 294 count 261 fi calcium de ciency 198 CCA  see cholangiocarcinoma calcium serum levels 294 CD  see coeliac disease calcium-sensing receptor antibodies 293 S  311

CDAI (clinical disease activity chronic hepatitis 158 index) 70 chronic hypoparathyroidism CENP proteins 21 (CH) 288, 291, 293 f. central nervous system 211 chronic inflammation 68 centromeres 169, 173 chronic liver failure 162 cephalgia 105, 111 chronic persistent hepatitis 161 cerebellar (coordination) 215 chronic refractory ITP 262 cerebellum injuries 203 chronic thyroiditis  see also cerebral 37 thyroiditis 288 cerebral arterial event 61 Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) 93 f., 97 cerebral calcifications 289 Chvostek’s 288 cerebral haemorrhage 40 cirrhosis 158 f., 161ff., 167, 170, 179 f. cerebral ischaemia 105 citrullinatedpeptidesorproteins cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 213 f., 217, (ACPAs) antibodies 67 221, 236, 238 CK (creatinine kinase) 30 certolizumab 70 —elevation37 cevimeline 48 claudication 106, 111 CH  see chronic hypoparathyrodism CLE  see also cutaneous Chapel Hill Consensus Conference erythematosus 136, 141 (CHC) 93 f., 103 clobetasol propionate 133 CHB  see congenital heart block CMV  see also cytomegalovirus 111, chemical sensitivity 118 259, 283 chest pain 241f. —reactivation98 chest X-ray 19, 97 CNS (central nervous system) 107, chewing 226 213 f. Child-Pugh score 179 coarse hair 268 chloroquine 7, 69, 77, 91, 140 Cobalamin (Cbl) 206, 249 choking 226 —deficiency 203, 205, 253 cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) 175 f., — malabsorption 205 178–181 Cobalamin (Cbl) deficiencies 250, 252, cholangiography 175 f., 181 254 cholecystectomy 181 Cobalamin (Cbl) malabsorption 251 cholestasis 168, 170 cocaine 19 cholestatic enzymes 179 Cochrane review 223 cholestatic hepatitis 163 coeliac disease (CD) 159, 189, 193, 196, cholesterol 170, 270 275, 277, 290 f. cholestyramine 172, 181 cognitive behavioural therapy cholinestrase inhibitors 228 (CBT) 122 f. chorea 3, 56 cognitive dysfunction 56 chronic active hepatitis 161 cognitive impairment 215 chronic atrophic gastritis 290 cognitive problems 118 chronic candidiasis (CC) 289, 291, 294 cognitive symptoms 121 chronic diarrhoea 195 colchicines 172 chronic fatigue syndrome 118 cold agglutinin syndrome 19 chronic gastritis (CG) 253, 291 cold intolerance 268 chronic GVH disease 19 collagen 170 312 S 

collagen VII 128, 133 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease 236 colon cancer 179 Crohn’s colitis 185 coma 277 Crohn’s disease (CD) 185 f. combination therapy 163, 262 Crohn’s disease activity index combined (CDAI) 189 antiaggregant-anticoagulant 61 Crohn’s ileitis 185 complement 5, 13, 40, 47, 109, 111f., 114, CRP  see c-reactive protein 131, 136, 143 ff., 219, 222 crusting 82 complete blood count (CBC) 148 cryocrit 114 computed tomography (CT) 19, 178, cryoglobulinaemia 19, 115 187, 283 cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV) 103 f., concentration ability 268 108 f., 113 concentric periductular fibrosis 177 cryoglobulins 19, 47, 49, 108, 111f., 114 confusion 233, 236, 289 cryptic hyperplasia 195 congenital heart block (CHB) 5, 9, 11, cryptogenic polyneuropathy 253 47 CSS  see Churg-Strauss syndrome, congenital heart disease 243 95 ff., 100 congenital platelet disorders 259 CT  see computed tomography congestive heart failure 15, 17 CT (computed tomography 236, 283 connective tissue 81 CTD  seeconnectivetissuedisease connective tissue disease (CTD) 19, 74 Cushing’s syndrome 163 consciousness 235 cutaneous involvement 37 constant thirst 43 cutaneous leukocytoclastic constipation 19, 196, 198, 250, 268, 289 vasculitis 103 f. continuous subcutaneous insulin cutaneous lupus erythematosus 143, infusion (CSII) 279 145 convulsions 288 cutaneous lupus erythematosus cor pulmonale 243 (CLE) 135 corn 199 cutaneous necrosis 56 coronaritis 105 cutaneous rash 25 f. coronary arteritis 96, 107 cutaneous sclerosis 52 cortex adrenal autoantibodies C V 112 , 114 (ACA) 284 CV2 (CRMP5) 233, 235, 238 7, 12, 48, 59, 77, 122, CV  see also cryoglobulinemic 132, 139, 148 f., 159, 189, 216, 223, vasculitis 111 237, 249, 259, 261, 283 Cw7 159 cortisol 282 cyanocobalamin 254 cotrimoxazole 100 cyclobenzaprine 123 cough 29, 83 cyclophosphamide 31, 40, 48, 77, 84, counterimmunoelectrophoresis 98, 100, 112, 114, 132, 149, 163, 238, (CIE) 40, 48, 140 262 COX-2 selective 69 cyclosporine 31, 84, 91, 132, 149, 163, cranial nerve 211, 220, 223, 250 172, 189, 228 creatinine 97 f., 104 cyclosporine-A 262 crescentic glomerulonephritis 95 cytochrome P450 2D6 158 CREST syndrome 15, 170 cytomegalovirus (CMV) 180, 219 S  313 cytopenia 37 digital ulcerations 17 cytoplasmic 101 digital ulcers 15, 17, 19 f. cytoplasmic (c)-ANCA 101 digitalis 245 cytoplasmic staining 190 digitial pitting 18 cytosolic 157 dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) 241, 243 D diphtheria infection 220 dactylitis 88 ff. diplopia 226 f. danazol 262 direct E 101 dapsone 132 f., 262 direct immuno-fluorescence 130, 136, DAS-28 70 144 deafness 283 discoid lesions 3 deamidated gliadin 200 discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) 52, decompensated cirrhosis 155, 172 135, 143 deep vein thrombosis 223 disease modifying antirheumatic drugs deep venous thrombosis 56 (DMARDS) 67, 69, 84, 91 defibrillator implantation 246 diskynesias 236 deformity 66 distal inerphalangeal (DIP) joints 89 dehydration 282 distal interphalangeal joint dehydroepiandrosterone 294 predominant 87 delayed growth 188, 197 diuretics 245 delayed puberty 198 dizziness 117 delirium 289 DLCO 19 dementia 233, 250 DLE  see also discoid lupus demyelinated lesions 213 erythematosus 137 demyelination 203, 211 DLE  see also discoid lupus deoxyspergualin 100 erythematosus 145, 149 depression 66, 198, 215, 233, 250, 268, DLE  widespread 135 270, 289 DMARDs  see also disease modifying 128, 197 f. antirheumatic drugs 70 dermatomyositis 37, 53 DM  see also Diabetes Mellitus 26 128, 136 dominant biliary strictures 181 desmoglein 1 128, 130 f., 133 doppler echocardiography 19 desmoglein 3 128, 130 f., 133 doppler ultrasound 187 desmosomes 127, 130, 133 dot blot 31, 48 diabetes mellitus 19, 269, 291 double vision 211, 225 Diabetes mellitus type 1 273 DQ8 193 diabetic ketacidosis 275 DR3 157, 159 diarrhoea 19, 172, 186, 188, 196 ff., 204, DR3 (HLA DRBI*0301) 178 250, 268, 282, 289 DR4 157, 159, 291 diarrhoea, notcurnal 187 DRBI*0301 159 diclofenac 77 DRBI*0401 159 diet 251 DRBI*1501 159 diffuse alveolar haemorrhage 56 drug induced thyroiditis 267 diffuse SSc (systemic sclerosis) 15, 17 ff. drug use 19, 157, 259 f., 281, 283 digital ischaemia 107 drug-induced hepatitis 165 314 S 

drug-induced SCLE 144 encephalopathy 107, 171 dry eyes 43 endescopic retrograde dry skin 289 cholangiopancreaticography dryness of mouth and eyes 145 (ERCP) 175 ductopenia 170 f. endocrine failure 291 duodenum 185 endocrine ophtamopathy 290 dysarthria 236 endocrinopathy 287 dysfunction 56 endomysium antibodies 293 dysgeusia 118 endomysium IgA antibodies 197 dysmenorrhoea 118 endoscopic procedures 254 dysmotility 35 endoscopic studies 253 dyspepsia 18 f., 203, 206, 250 endoscopic study 19 dysphagia 18 f., 26, 29, 118 endothelial cells 177 dyspigmentation 143, 148 enoxaparin 61 dyspnoea 29, 37, 83, 118, 242 ENT (ear, nose, throat) manifestations 93 E entheses 87, 90 ears 81f. environmental agents 19 EBV (Epstein-Barr virus) 260 environmental factors 267 ecchymoses 258 Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay  ECG (electrocardiogram) 19, 26, see E 241–245, 253, 289, 294 eosinophilia 93, 168, 170, 282, 294 ectodermal dystrophy 290 eosinophilic fasciitis 19 edophonium 228 eosinophilic gastroenteritis 97 edrophonium 226 epidermal 128 effusion 66 epidermal transglutaminase 133 EIA  see also E 276 128, 136 ejection fraction 243 epidermolysis bullosa acquista 128, 133 elderly 251, 270 epilepsy 56, 198 electrolyte abnormalities 186 episcleritis 84, 188 electrolyte depletion 198 epistaxis 83 electrolytes 98 epithelial 40 kDA protein 177 electromyography (EMG) 28 f., 226 f., epithelial carcinoma 294 288 epstein-barr virus 219 electrophysiological studies 221ff. ERC (endoscopic retrograde electrophysiological tests 227 cholangiography) 178 E (Enzyme linked immunosorbent erectile dysfunction 289 assay) 12 ff., 21, 40, 48, 100 f., ergotamines 19 132 f., 140 f., 165, 173, 190, 200, 246 erosive arthritis 52, 89 eltrombopag 262 erythema 66 embolic disease 19 erythema annulare centrifugum 145 EMG (electromyography) 227 erythema nodosum 188 emotional symptoms 215 erythematous papule 136 ENA  see also extractable nuclear erythematous patches 9 f. antigens 114 erythrocyte sedimentation rate  see encephalitis 233, 235 also ESR 78, 186 S  315 erythrocytes protein 110 FLAIR sequence 234

ESR 52, 65, 68, 70, 76 f., 81, 89, 97 f., flexible sigmoidoscopy 187 “ 111 f . , 114 , 14 5 fluid depletion 186 essential” CV 108 fluorohydrocortisone 284 etanercept 70, 84, 91 FM impact questionnaire 123 EULAR (European League against focal inflammation 211 Rheumatism) 65, 98, 112 f. foetal death  see also 55, EULAR/ACR criteria 68 61 European Medicines Agency 69 foetal loss 60 European Society for Pediatric — early 56 Gastroenterology, Hepatology & folate deficiency 251, 254 Nutrition 193 folates 198 f. euthyroid 268 foliaceus 129 Evan’s syndrome 260 follicular plugging 138 exanthema 75 follow-up 19 exercise 226 food 267 exophthalmos 269, 291 food intolerance 187 extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) 19 foreign body 74 extramuscular inflammation 37 free T3 294 extrinsic factor 249 free thyroxine (fT4) 268 eye muscles 225 frostbite 74 fT4 270 f. F fT4  seealsofreethyroxine269 F-actin 158, 164 fulminant hepatitis 155, 159 face 226 functional impotence 119 facial muscles 222 faecal urgency/incontinence 188 G falling joints 89 GABA receptor 234 f. fasting plasma glucose 276 GABAR (gamma-aminobutyric fatigue 26, 37, 66, 117, 119, 121, 145, 159, acidA/benzodiazepine 167 f., 170, 172, 175 f., 180 f., 197 f., receptor) 238 215, 242, 250, 258 f., 268, 270, 275, GABAR antibodies 236 282, 289 GAD (glutamic acid Federation of International Societies of decarboxylase) 236 Paediatric Gastroenterology, GAD (glutamic acid decarboxylase) Hepatology & Nutrition 193 antibodies 276, 279, 288, 291 Felty’s syndrome 71 gadolinium 213, 233, 246 fever 3, 26, 37, 75, 95, 105 f., 111, 176, gallbladder polyps 181 188, 220, 259, 282 gallbladder stones 180 f. fibromyalgia 117 GalNac-GD1a 221 fibromyalgia syndrome 117 gamma globulins 52 fibrosis 158, 170, 172, 186 gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase fibrous septa 170 (γ-GT) 168 fingertip ulcers  see also digital gammaglobulins 40 ulcers 19 gangliosides 220 fissures 188 gastric atrophy 249, 253 f. 316 S 

gastric biopsy 254 golimumab 70, 91 gastric cancer 206 Gottron’s papules 28, 52 gastric carcinoma 207 Gottron’s sign 28 gastric discomfort 172 gp210 166, 169 gastric fundus 203 GPA 96, 100 gastric hypochlorhydria 204 GPA  see also granulomatosis with gastric musosal atrophy 206 polyangiitis 95 gastric neoplasmas 250 granuloma 186 f. gastric tumour 253 granulomatosis with polyangitis gastro-protective agents 69 (GPA) 93 f., 108 gastroenteritis 219 granulomatous arteritis 103 gastrointestinal (GI) tract 15, 18 f., granulomatous lesions 97 106 f., 109 f., 185, 288 Graves’ disease (GD) 267 ff., 277, 287 f., gastrointestinal bleeding 111 290 f. gastrointestinal vasculitis 107 Graves’ ophthalmopathy 270 GCA 112 growth rate 283 GCA  see also giant cell arteritis 107 growth retardation 198 GD  see Graves’ disease Guillain-Barresyndrome(GBS)219 GD1a 221 gum bleeding 258 f. genetic disorders 281 gynaecologic bleeding 258 genetic factors 267 279 H gestational pemphigoid 128 H.pylori 259 GI bleeding 258 H2 blockers 69 giant cell arteritis 105 f. haematologic abnormalities 9, 11, 206 giant cell arteritis (GCA) 103 haematologic involvement 47 glatiramer acetate 216 haematological diseases 74 glomerular basement membrane haematomas 197 f. (GBM) 177 haematopoietic stem cell glomerular filtration rate 19 transplantation 262 glomerulonephritis 5, 48, 93, 96 f., 100, haematuria 258 108, 110 haemochromatosis 283 glosodynia 118 haemoglobin 261 glossitis 250 haemolytic anaemia 3, 56, 250 glucocorticoids (GCs) 20, 30, 37, 40, haemoptysis 95 53, 69, 84, 91, 100, 112 f., 172, 281, haemorrhage 59, 260 f., 283 284, 288 haemorrhage, intracranial 258 f. glucose 277, 284 haemorrhages, splinter 56 glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) haemorrhagic alveolitis 197 f. antibodies 293 haemorrhagic cystitis 98 glutathione S transferase 177 hair 289 gluten free diet 195, 197, 199 Hashimoto’s disease 205, 268 f. gluten intolerance 193 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) 159, 267, GM1b 221 277, 283, 290 f. GMI 221 HbA1c 278 f. goitre 268 ff. HbAlc 276 S  317

HbsAg 107 HLA-DR3 143, 149, 291 HBV  see also hepatitis B virus 260 HLA-DR6 178 HCV  see hepatitis C virus, 260 HLA-DRw52 143, 149 headache 117, 119, 258 HLADQ2/DQ8 194 health assessment questionnaire HLA  Human leucocyte antigen 157, (HAQ) 30 267 heart failure 241ff., 245 f. hoarseness 83 heart involvement 15, 17 homogeneous pattern ANA 42, 173 heart transplantation 245 hormonal replacement therapy 294 heart valve disease 57 HSP  see also Henoch-Schonlein heat sensitivity 268 p u r p u r a 111, 114 heliotrope rash 28, 52 Hu (ANNA-1) 233, 235, 238 hemidesmosomes 127 Hu antibodies 234 Henoch-Schoenlein purpura 103 f., human suppressor serine tRNA 109 f. associated protein 165 heparin 59, 61 Hunter’s glossitis (lingual papillae hepatic abnormalities 9, 11 atrophy) 250 hepatic and renal functions 19 (hydro-)cychloroquine 149 hepatic enzymes 98 hydrocolonic ultrasound 187 hepatic injury 29 hydrocortisone 284 hepatitis 43, 68, 108, 112 hydroxychloriquine 40, 48, 61, 69, 91, hepatitis B (HBV) 104, 107, 111–114, 165 140 hepatitis C (HCV) 108, 111–114 hydroxychloroquine 7, 12 hepatitis C virus 259 hydroxycobalamin 254 hepatitis viral markers 156 hypercalcaemia 282 hepato-splenomegalia 75 hypercholesterolemia 168, 171f. hepatomegaly 159, 243 hypergammaglobulinaemia 155 hepatopathy 109 hypergastrinaemia 204 f. high resolution CT (HR-CT) 97 hyperglycaemia 277 high sensitivity PR3-ANCA hypergonadotropic hypogonadism 290 (hsPR3-ANCA E)102 hyperkalaemia 282, 294 high-dose dexamethasones (HDD) 261 hyperkeratosis 138 Hirata’s Syndrome 291 hyperpararathyroidism 205 histoplasmosis 283 hyperpigmentation 136, 176, 252, 282

HIV  Human Immunodeficiency hypertension 106 f., 163, 222, 283 Virus 43, 259 f., 281, 283 hyperthyroidism“ 268 HLA A1 159 hypo-ecchogenic halo” 110 HLA DR4 243 hypocalcaemia 288, 294 HLA-B13 90 hypochloraemia 294 HLA-B27 76, 79 hypofertility  see also infertility 250 HLA-B8 143, 149, 178 hypoglycaemia 275 f., 278 f., 282, 288 f., HLA-Cw6 90 294 HLA-DQ/DR 273 hypogonadism 291, 293 HLA-DQ1 143, 149 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 283 HLA-DQ2 193 hypokalaemia 198 HLA-DQ2/DQ8 197, 200 hyponatraemia 236, 282, 294 318 S 

hypoparathyroidism  see chronic immunoadsorption 133, 246 parathyroidism, 287, 289, 291 immunoblot  see also Western hypophysitis 290, 293 blot 238 hypopigmentation 136 immunodeficiency diseases 74 hypotension 282, 288 f. immunodiffusion 31, 40 hypothyroid 19, 49, 268, 270 immunofluorescence test (IFT) 13, 100, hypoventilation 235 164, 173, 238 immunoglobulins 59, 136, 144, 162 I immunomodulators 189 IA2 (insulinoma associated antigen) immunosuppressive agents 12, 30, 48, antibodies 276, 280 53, 76 f., 98, 111f., 132, 149, 159, IAA  see also insulin 180, 228, 279 autoantibodies 280 impaired wound repair 275 IBD  see also inflammatory bowel inclusion body myositis 25, 27, 31 disease 180 incontinence 250 ibuprofen 77, 122 indirect immunofluorescence test ICA  see also islet cell antibodies 279, (IIFT) 21, 31, 130 ff., 140, 149 f., 288, 291 190, 200, 229 f., 275, 279, 284 icteric cholestasis 171 indomethacin 77 icteric hepatitis 155, 159 infection 59, 74, 109, 188, 241, 245, 257, IDDM2 273 260, 267, 277, 283 idiopathic LE 237 infertility 198, 216 idiopathic myxoedema 290 f. infiltrates 96 IF (intrinsic factor) 254 inflammation  see chronic IFT (immunofluorescence test) 101, 165 inflammation, 241 IgA 104, 109 ff., 133 — extramuscular 37 IgA deficiency 195, 199 f., 290 — focal 211 IgA nephropathy 197 f. —liver 168 IgG 132 f. — of the cartilage 82 IgG deposition 130 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 175, IgM rheumatoid factors (RF) 78 178, 185, 291 IIFT  see indirect inflammatory neuropathy 221 immunofluorescence test infliximab 70, 84, 91, 189 ileocolitis 185 influenza 216 ileocolonoscopy 186 influenza vaccination 220 ileus 222 injury 19 iloprost 20 INR  International Normalised IMACS (International myositis Ratio 61, 245 assessment and clinical studies inspiratory stridor 83 group) 30 insulin 273, 275 ff., 279, 294 imatinib mesylate 40 — antibodies (IAA) 276 immume complex 111 — receptor 276, 287 immune complex 3 — resistance 273 immune thrombocytopenic purpura — therapy 277 f. (ITP) 257 insulin-dependent diabetes 197 immunisation 257, 259 f. interface hepatitis 155, 170, 175 S  319 interferon-alpha 112 jejunum 185 International Autoimmune Hepatitis JIA  seealsojuvenileidiopathic Group 155 arthritis 73 International Society of Nephrology 5 Jo-1 41 interstitial fibrosis 19 joint 15, 64 f., 96, 145, 187 interstitial lung disease 29 ff., 37, 40 f., — contractures 15 47 f. — damage 63, 87 interstitial pulmonary fibrosis 26 — diseases 73 intestinal cramps 289 — falling 89 intestinal lymphoma 199 —function69 intestinal metaplasia 203, 250, 253 — pain 82, 87, 89, 197 f. intestinal villi 197 —swelling66 intra-articular glucocorticoids 91 jugular thrombosis 56 intracellular BP230 131 jugular venous distension 243 intracranial haemorrhage 258 f. juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) 73 intracranial hypertension 289 juxta-articular new bone formation 88 intraepithelial lymphocytosis 195 juxta-articular osteopenia 68 intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) 84, 100, 133, 223, 237, 246 K intrinsic factor (IF) antibodies 203, Kawasaki disease 111 205, 249, 293 keratinocyte apoptosis 143 iodine intake 267 keratinous plugs 136 iron 198 keratoconjunctivitis sicca 84 iron deficiency 252, 254 ketaconazoles 283 irregular heartbeat 268 ketoacidosis 276 f. irritability 268, 270, 289 ketone bodies 273 irritable bowel syndrome 117 f. ketonuria 275 irritable colon 119 kidney function 95 ischaemia 241 Ku 41 ischaemic stroke 56 Kurtze expanded disability status scale ischaemic symptoms 106 (EDSS) 215 islet cell antibodies (ICA) 275 f., 293 islet cell destruction 277 L islet cell transfer 279 La (SSB) antibodies 143, 145 islets 274 lacrimal glands 43 islets of Langerhans 273 lactate dehydrogenase 250  131, 159 LADA see also latent autoimmune ITP  see also immune diabetes in adults 277, 279 throbocytopenic purpura 258 laminin 332 128, 134 itraconazol 294 language dysfunction 236 IVIG  see also intravenous large vessel vasculitis 113 immunoglobulins 261 large-duct 179 laryngeal granulomas 95 J laryngeal spasm 288 jaundice 159, 171, 175 f., 178, 250 laryngotracheal 81 jaw claudication 105 latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) 273 320 S 

LA  see also Lupus Anticoagulant 57 low birth weight infants 199 LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) 30 lower limb oedema 243 LDL cholesterol 171f. lumbar puncture 214, 217, 221, 236, 253 lead intoxication 220 lung leflunomide 69, 84, 91, 100 — cancer 233 left ventricular end diastolic distension — disease 29 (LVEDD) 243 —function97 left-sided colitis 185 — involvement 3, 15, 17, 19 f. leg swelling 268 lupoid hepatitis 164 lethargy 159, 282 lupus anticoagulant (LA) 55–58, 60 leucopenia 5, 40, 144, 163 lupus band test (LBT) 13, 136, 144 leukocytoclasic vasculitis 97 lupus dermatitis 9 leukocytosis 81 lupus erythematosus  see also leukopenia 47, 51f., 204 systemic lupus levothyroxine sodium 271 erythematosus 140, 145 LGI1 234 ff., 238 lupus like’ syndrome 55 LIA 40 lyme arthritis 74 libido 289 lymphadenopathy 3, 170, 259 libido, reduced 282 lymphocytic hypophysitis 291 limb weakness 219, 227, 253 lymphocytosis 294 limitation of motion 89 lymphoid ulcers 186 limited SSc (Systemic sclerosis) 15, 17 ff. lymphoma 65, 250 linear IgA dermatosis 128 lip biopsy 44 M lipolysis 273 M2-antigen 173 livedo 107, 111 Ma2 235 livedo reticularis 3, 56 f., 104, 145 Ma3 238 liver Ma4 236 — congestion 243 Ma5 237 — diseases 260 macrocytic anaemia 205, 251, 294 —dysfunctions197f. macrocytosis 204, 206 f., 250 ff. — enzymes 178 macrohaematuria 109 — failure 172 magnesium 198 f. — fibrosis 171 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 26, —functiontests199 68, 187, 213 —inflammation 168 malabsorption 198, 203, 289 f., 293 — transplantation 155, 159, 163, 171ff., malabsorption syndrome 195, 197 175, 178–181 malaise  see also fatigue, lethargy 66, liver-kidney microsomes 164, 177 159, 188 LKM 166 malar rash 3, 6, 52, 135 LKM-1 156 malignancy 29, 65, 178, 180, 260 LMWH 61 malignant hypertension 18 localised DLE 135 malignant neoplasias 139, 290 localisedpolypoidsinusitis93 malnutrition 186, 197 f. losartan 40 management 20 loss of appetite 204 manometric investigation 19 S  321 manual muscle testing (MMT) 25, 30 mitral or aortic valve thickening 56 matrilin 81 mixed connective tissue disease maturity onset diabetes of the young (MCTD) 35, 51 (MODY) 277 mixed connectivitis 291 Mayo score 179 MMR (measles, mumps & rubella) 257 McDonald criteria 212, 215, 217 modafinil 172 MCTD  see also mixed connective model for end-stage liver disease tissue disease 37, 40, 53 score 179 MCV  mean corpuscular volume 252 modified Rodnan thickness skin mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 249, score 18 f. 253 Moll and Wright criteria 87 mechanic’s hands 37 f. monoarthritis 89 medullary megaloblastosis 250 mononeuropathy 104 megaloblastic anaemia 203 f., 249 f., 252 mood 215 megaloblastic bone marrow morning stiffness 64, 67 transformation 204 motor function 214, 220 melancoyte antibodies 293 mouth 43 MELD score 180 MPA  see also microscopic membrane attack complex (MAC) 27 polyangiitis 95 f., 100 membrane tympani 290 MPO  see myeloperoxidase memory disturbance 233 MR-angiography 110 mercaptopurine 189 MRI (magnetic resonance mesalazine 189 imaging) 213 ff., 236, 283 mesenteric ischaemia 56 MS  seealsoMultiplesclerosis211 metabolic bone disease 171, 180 f. mucin depletion 186 metacarpophalangeal (MCP) 66 mucocutaneous ulcers 250 metatarsophalangeal (MTP) 66 mucosal inflammation 185 methotrexate 30, 40, 69 f., 77, 84, 91, mucosal involvement 130 100, 112, 132, 149, 163, 172, 189 mucous membrane pemphigoid 128 methylprednisolone 84, 112 f., 216, 261 multi-infarct dementia 56 microcytic anaemia 252, 294 multidisciplinary treatment 123 microhaematuria 109 multiple sclerosis (MS) 211, 291 microscopic polyangitis (MPA) 93 f., muscle 29 108 —atrophy25 microsomal 157 —biopsy26 microsomal (anti-TPO) 269 —cramp197 microstomia 19 — enzymes 29 f., 40 migraine 56, 198 — eye 225 Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) 219, 221 — face 222 mineralocorticoids 281ff., 288 — pain 29 minor AID 293 — spasms 288 miscarriage  see recurrent — stamina 226 miscarriage, foetal loss — wasting 204 misoprostol 69 — weakness 25, 28, 37, 211, 215, 225, mitotane 283 227 mitoxantrone 216 muscle specific kinase (MuSK) 229 322 S 

muscoloskeletal pain 117 neurologic involvement 3, 145 muscular cramp 198 neurological attacks 213 muscular enzymes 19 neurological complications 203 myalgia 97, 104, 106 f., 111, 170 neurological disorders 197 myasthenia gravis (MG) 225, 291 neurological evaluation 111 myasthenic snarl 226 neurological functions 215 mycophenolate mofetil 31, 132 f., 149, neurological impairment 213 163, 172, 262 neurological manifestations 57 mycophenylate 229 neuromuscular and electrodiagnostic mycoplasma pneumoniae 219 medicine 227 myelin sheaths 219 neuromuscular transmission 227 myelodysplastic syndrome 260 neuronal death 203 myelofibrosis 260 neuronal surface antigens 233, 237 f. myeloperoxidase (MPO) 93, 100 neuropathies 48 myocardial biopsy 246 neuropathy 219, 275, 278 myocardial enzymes 242 neuropathy, peripheral  see peripheral myocardial fibrosis 15, 17 neuropathy myocardial infarction 56, 59, 65, 111 neuropathy  see also myocarditis 26, 40, 96, 197 f., 241, 244 mononeuropathy, myocarditis/coronarlitis 97 polyneuropathy 106 myoclonus 236 neutropenia 250 myoglobin 29 neutrophil hypersegmentation 204, 251 myopathy 15, 17, 20 neutrophils 140 myositis 3, 29, 35, 37, 40 f. nicotine 19 myositis overlap syndromes 35 nifidipine 40 night sweats 106, 118 N NMDA receptor 235 nail dystrophy 88, 90, 289 NMDAR 238 nailfold capillaroscopy 19 nocturnal diarrhoea 187 naproxen 77, 122 nodular coronary arteritis 107 nasal chondritis 81 nodules 96 f., 107 nasal voice 26 non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs nasality of speech 226 (NSAIDS) 7 natalizumab 216 non-ANCA-associated vasculitides 103 nausea 159, 163, 277, 282, 289 non-Hodgkin lymphoma 47 necrosis 97 non-productive cough 19 neonatal lupus 5, 47 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) 9, (NSAIDs) 69, 77, 84, 91, 122 145 nonsteroidal antirheumatic drugs 40 neoplasias 74, 283, 290 norepinephrine 122 nephrocalcinosis 290 nose bleeds 258 f. nephropathy 3, 56 f., 275, 278 NSAIDS  see also nonsteroidal nerve biopsy 253 anti-inflammatory drugs 48 nervousness 268 nuclear 157 neuroanaemic syndrome 250 nuclear dots (sp100) 168 f., 173 neurohypophysitis 291 nuclear membrane 173 S  323

nucleolar pattern 19, 21 osteopenia 163, 171, 173, 197 f. numbness 222 osteoporosis 168, 171ff., 197 ff. Ouchterlony immunodiffusion 12, 14 O ovarian teratoma 235, 237 ocular overlap syndrome 15, 35 —dryness118 overlap syndromes 15 —inflammation 81, 84 — motor muscles 222 P — muscles 227 P450 side chain cleavage (SCC) — myasthenia gravis 225 enzyme 293 —signs&symptoms44 P450-2A6 antibodies 293 oculobulbar 226 P450-IA2 antibodies 293 oedema 197, 242 P45021 (CYP21A2, 21-hydroxylase) 285 oedema of the hands 37 P450c17 (CYP17, oesophageal 25, 35 17-alpha-hydroxylase) 285 oesophageal bleeding 171 P450scc (CYP11A1, side-chain cleavage oesophageal dismotility 15 enzyme) 285 oesophagitis 289 paediatric ITP 257, 259 f. oesophagus stenosis 289 pain 66, 119 f., 222 17α-OH 293 —skeletal120 21-OH 288, 293 f. palpable purpura 145 oligoarthritis 75 palpation tenderness 66 oligoarticular asymmetric arthritis 87 palpitations 118, 241f., 268 oligoclonal bands 214, 216 panarteritis nodosa 108, 113 onconeural antibodies 236 ff. pancarditis 75 ondansetron 181 pANCA  see also perinuclear oophorectomy 237 anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic opera glass finger 89 antibodies 165, 176 f., 181, 186, 190 ophthalmoplegia 219 pancolitis 185, 189 opiate antagonists 172 pancreas transplantation 279 opioid antagonists 181 pancreatic islet cells 273 optic atrophy 250 pancytopenia 250 optic nerve 214 papilloedema 289 optic neuritis (ON) 84, 211, 215, 250 papulosquamous 145 oral anticoagulant therapy 61 papulosquamous lesions of SCLE 147 oral glucose tolerance test 276 paracoccidiomycosis 283 oral signs & symptoms 44 paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis 233 oral ulcers 3, 7, 51 paraneoplastic neurological syndrome orchyectomy 237 (PNS) 233 organic solvents 19 paraneoplastic syndromes 277 organophosphates 220 parasternal joints 82 orthopaedic diseases 74 parasthesia 119 oseophagus 185 parathyroid antibodies 293 osephageal dysfunction 19 parathyroid hormone (PTH) 294 osephageal hypermotility 18 paresthesias 222, 289 osteomyelitis 74 parietal cell antibodies 251, 293 324 S 

parietal cell degeneration 204 photosensitivity 3, 51, 139, 143, 145, 148 parietal cells 203, 249 pilocarpine 48 Parkinsonian syndromes 250 56 parotid swelling 43 placental insufficiency 55, 61 parvovirus 259 plasma exchange (Pex) 59, 100, 223 PBC  see also primary biliary plasma glucose, fasting 276 cirrhosis 18, 167 plasma osmolarity 294 PDAI ( disease area plasmapheresis 112, 114, 229 index) 132 platelet count 261 pelvic pain 117 platelet destruction 257 pemphigus 129 platelet transfusion 261 128–131, 133 pleuritis 145 128–131 PM-Scl 41 pencil-in-cup phenomena 91 PM  see also polymyositis 26 penicilamine 172 pneumocystis jirovecii 98, 111 pentazocine 19 pneumonitis 47 pepsinogen 204 f. PNS  see paraneoplastic syndrome peri-myocarditis 244 POEMS syndrome (polyneuropathy, perianal disease 188 organomegaly, endocrinopathy, pericardial disease 243 monoclonal, gammopathy and pericardial fricton rub 244 skin changes) 19 pericarditis 17, 145 poliomyelitis 220 perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic polyarteritis 110 f., 114 antibodies (pANCA) 186 polyarteritis nodosa 103 f., 107 perinuclear pattern (pANCA) 101 polyarticular arthritis 87 perinuclear staining 190 polyclonal peripheral joints 87 hypergammaglobulinaemia 290 peripheral neuropathy 197 f., 203, 250 polydipsia 275, 277 peripheral numbness 204 polyglandular autoimmune syndromes periportal hepatitis 170 (PGA) 267, 285, 287 peristomal variceal bleeding 180 polymyalgia 105 pernicious anaemia 203 f., 249, 269, polymyalgia rheumatica 103, 106 283, 290 f. polymyositis 53 peroxidase antibodies 293 polymyositis and dermatomyositis 25 PET (positron emission polymyositis/scleroderma overlap tomogram) 110, 236 f. (PM/Scl) 35 petechiae 258 polyneuropathy 43, 47, 96 ff., 100, 104, petroleum distillates 19 106–109, 111, 251, 253 PGA  see polyglandular autoimmune polyps 180 syndromes polyuria 275, 277 phosphate 294 portal hepatitis 170 phosphatidylethanolamine 59 portal hypertension 173, 175 phosphatidylserine-prothrombin portal inflammation 167, 170 (aPS/PT) complex 57 post tuberculosis adrenalitis 284 phosphocalcic profile 199 267 photodistributed 136 postural hypotension 222 S  325 postural symptoms 282 pseudotumour cerebri 289 potato 199 psoriasis 87, 145 PPMS (primary progressive multiple psoriasisarthritis (PsA) 87 sclerosis) 215 psoriatic arthritis 87 PR3  see proteinase 3, 102 psychiatric co-morbidities 119 pre- 55 f., 61 psychiatric symptoms 163 prednisolone 162, 261 psychogenic arthralgias 74 69, 100, 112, 132 f., 162, 180, psychological features 118 228, 261f. psychosis 235 f., 289 pregabalin 122 PTH  see parathyroid hormone 9 ptosis 225 ff. pregnancy loss 55 PTPN22 273 pregnancy morbidity 58 f. puberty 197 premature ovarian failure 291 pulmonary 37 prematurity (preterm delivery) 55, 60 pulmonary arteritis 107 pretibial myxoedema 290 pulmonary artery 106 primary adrenal insufficiency 281 pulmonary congestion 244 primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) 18, 159, pulmonary 56, 242 165–168, 197, 291 pulmonary fibrosis 15, 17, 40 primary bone marrow disease 251 pulmonary function tests 19, 84 primary hypoparathyroidism 287 pulmonary hypertension 15, 17, 19 f., primary hypothyroidism 294 37, 40 f., 56 primary ovarian failure 205 pulmonary infiltrates 97 primary progressive multiple sclerosis pulmonary interstitial fibrosis 17 (PPMS) 212 pulmonary involvement 37 primary sclerosing cholangitis 159, 165, pulmonary system 25 175 pulmonary vasculitis (Takayasu primary suprarenal insufficiency 269 arteritis) 105 proctitis 185 purpura 43, 47, 95 f., 108–111, 204, 259 proinsulin 275 f. purpuric rash 258 prolactin-secreting cell antibodies 293 pyramidal (motor) 215 proptosis 95 pyridostigmine 226, 228 prostacyclins 40 pyridostigmine test 227 protein electrophoresis 199 proteinase 3 (PR3) 93, 100 f. Q prothrombin 57, 59 Q-waves 244 prothrombin rate 199 QT interval 289 proton pump inhibitors 69 quantititative (Q) MG score 228 proximal interphalangeal (PIP) 66 quinacrine 149 proximal scleroderma 18 pruritus 136, 167 f., 170, 175 f., 180 f. R PsA (psoriasisarthritis) 87 radioactive iodine 271 PSC  see primary sclerosing — uptake test (RAIU) 269 cholangitis radiographic changes 64 PSC score 179 radioimmunoassay (RIA) 165, 229, 276 pseudoperitonitis shock 277 radioiodine 270 rash 27, 163 326 S 

rash, cutaneous  see cutaneous rash renovascular hypertension 40 rash, heliotrope  see heliotrope rash reproductive disorders 197 rash, malar  see malar rash respiratory difficulties 26, 226 rash, malar  see malar rash respiratory failure 223 rash, purpuric  see purpuric rash respiratory function 95 rash, skin  see skin rash respiratory muscles 227 Raynaud’s phenomenon 3, 15, 18 ff., 26, respiratory problems 25 35, 37, 40 f., 43, 51, 109, 119 respiratory system 82 RA  see also rheumatoid arthritis 109, respiratory tract 93 111 retinal artery 56 reactive arthritis 291 retinopathy 106, 275, 278 recombinant 133, 276 RF  see rheumatoid factor recombinant antigen 12, 31, 40, 42, 131, rheumatic fever 74 174, 200, 238 rheumatoid arthritis 35, 37, 43, 53, 63, recombinant sulfite oxidase 176 84, 103, 114, 120, 143, 159, 290 f. rectal bleeding 187 rheumatoid factor 68 rectal tenesmus 188 rheumatoid factor (RF) 19, 40, 48, 64 f., recurrent bacterial cholangitis 180 67, 76, 87, 114, 145, 177 recurrent conjunctivitis 43 rheumatoid nodules 64 recurrent miscarriage 55, 57, 60 f., 198, rheumatological autoimmune 250 disease 283 reduced diffusion capacity (DLCO) 19 rhinitis 96 reflux 18 rhinorrhea 82 refractory asthma 93 rhythm disturbance 26 refractory CLE 149 RIA’s (radioimmunoassays) 279 refractory sinusitis 95 ribavirin 112 regurgitation 226 rice 199 relapsing polychondritis 81f. rifampicin 181 relapsing remitting form of MS rifampin 283 (RRMS) 211 right upper quadrant 168 renal artery 56 rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody) 31, 48, renal artery stenosis 106 70, 84, 100, 113 f., 133, 238, 262 renal crisis, scleroderma  see Ro52 13, 138, 140 scleroderma renal crisis Ro60 13 renal disease 19 Rodnan score 18 f. renal failure 18 romiplostim 262 renal function 139 Rose bengal staining 46 renal insufficiency 47 RP 17 renal involvement 3, 5, 7 f., 15, 18, 106, rye 199 109, 145 Renal Pathology Society 5 S renal transplantation 279 Saccharomyces cereviseae 177 renin 284 Saccharomyces cerevisiae  see renin 283, 294 ’antibodies against Saccharomyces renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system cerevisiae (ASCA)’ blockers 245 sacroiliitis 75 S  327 sacroilitis 187 sensory impairment 214 saddle nose deformity 83 sensory loss 211 salivary gland 43 sensory neuropathy 250 —biopsy46f. sensory symptoms 215 —scintigraphy45 sensory syndrome 220 salt craving 282 seronegative APS (SN-APS) 57, 60 salt-restriction 245 seronegative polyarthritis 75 sarcoidosis 43, 283 seronegative RA 68 Saxon’s test 45 seropositive polyarthritis 75 scaling 136 serositis 3, 37 scarring 137, 139 f. serotonin 122 Schilling test 205, 251f., 254 sertraline 172, 181 Schirmer’s test 46 serum schistocytes 259 — alkaline phosphatase 156 Schmidt syndrome 287 — aspartate 28 Schumacher and Poser criteria 212 —cortisol281 SCLC  see also small cell lung —electrolytes97 carcinoma 235 —IgG170 SCLE  see subacute cutaneous lupus — immunoglobulins 165 erythematosus) —iron199 SCLE (subacute cutaneous lupus — potassium 284 erythematosus) 142 sexual dysfunction 215 scleritis 84 Sharp’s syndrome 35 sclerodactyly 15, 17 f., 35, 37 short form health survey (SF-36) 123 scleroderma 15, 35, 37, 41, 170, 291 short term memory 233, 236 scleroderma facies 19 sialography 45 scleroderma renal crisis 15, 18 sialometry 45 scleroderma-polymyositis overlap Sicca symptoms 46, 51 syndrome 37 Sicca syndrome 3, 43, 47, 167 f., 170 scleroderma/myositis overlap 53 sildenafil40 scleroderma/polymyositis Scl/PM 35 silymarin 172 sclerosing cholangitis 291 sinus tachycardia 222 sclerosis 211 sinusitis 93, 96 f. sclerosis of the cord 250 sitaxentan 40 scoreofactivityanddamageinDLE Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) 9, 35, 43, 51, (SADDLE) 138 68, 103, 111, 140, 143, 170, 197, 290 f. SDAI (simple disease activity index) 70 —primary53 second islet antigen (IA-2) —secondary43 antibodies 293 Sjögren’s syndrome-associated secondary hypergastrinaemia 251 SCLE 145 secondary progressive (SP) multiple skeletal 107 sclerosis 211 — pain 120 seizures 233, 235 f. —system25 sensomotor paresis 95 skeletal-muscle enzymes 28 sensorimotor polyneuropathy 93, 253 skin 136, 145, 187, 291 sensory (touch and pain) 215 —biopsy9 328 S 

— dry 289 spondylitis 89 — hyperpigmentation 250, 289 — predominant 87 —involvement106 spontaneous 199 — lesions 135, 145, 197 squeeze test 66 f. — rash 28 SS scale 121 — thickening 15 SSA/Ro 44, 47 f. —ulcers56 SSB/La 44, 47 skin lesions 19 SSc 53 skin thickening 17, 19 SSc sine scleroderma 15 SLA/LP (soluble liver/liver pancreas SSRIs 122 antigen) 177 ST-segment elevations 244 SLE  see Systemic lupus ST-T changes 244 erythematosus Staphylococcus aureus 93, 100 sleep apnoea 117 statins 172 sleep disturbances 258 steatorrhoea 180, 196 f., 289 sleepiness 268 stem cell transplantation 31 sleeping dificulty 268 steroid diabetes 163 sleeping disorders 119 steroid-21-hydroxylase (CYP21A2 or SMA (smooth muscle antibodies) 156, P450c21 antibodies) 284 164 f., 175, 177 steroid-producing cells antibodies SMA/actin 166 (StCA) 293 small bowel enema 187 steroids 206, 271 small intestinal biopsy 197 stiff-man syndrome 291 small intestine hypermotility 15, 18 stiffness  see also morning small vessel vasculitides 111 stiffness 66, 87, 119 small-duct PSC 179 Still’s syndrome 73, 75 smoking 63, 138, 140, 187 stomach 185 smooth muscle antigens  see SMA stress 215, 267, 282 SNRIs (Serotonin-norepinephrine stroke 56, 59, 111, 250 reuptake inhibitors ) 123 stuffiness 82 soluble liver/liver-pancreas antigen stupor 289 (SLA/LP) 158, 165, 173 sub-clinical 195 solvents abuse 220 subacute cutaneous lesions 3, 5, 7 somatic symptoms 118, 121 subacute cutaneous lupus Sox10 antibodies 293 erythematosus (SCLE) 52, 135, Sox9 antibodies 293 143 sp100  see also nuclear dots 166, 169 subclavian 56 spastic ataxia 204 subclavian arteries 107 speckled nuclear pattern 42 subclinical thyroiditis 267 speckled staining 19 subcutaneous calcinosis 17 sphincterotomy 180 sublenticular cataract 290 spinal cord 203, 250 subluxation 66 splenectomy 259, 261f. substance P 122 splenomegaly 71, 159 sudden cardiac death 243 splinter haemorrhages 56 sudden death 241f. SPMS 215 sulfasalazine 69, 77, 91, 189 S  329 sulfite oxidise 177 tetany 197 f., 288 f. superficial thrombophlebitis 56 thick hair 289 supraventricular arrhythmias 243 f. thiopurines 189 surface plasmon resonance thoracic outlet syndrome 19 measurements 246 thrombocytopenia 3, 40, 52, 56 f., 144, swallowing 226 204, 250, 257–260 swelling 89 f., 119 thrombocytosis 81 swollen hands 37 thromboembolism 245 swollen joints 67, 70 thrombopoietic growth factors 261 symmetric arthritis 37, 64 thrombopoietin receptor agonists 262 symptom severity scale 118 thromboprophylaxis 61 symptomatic sensitivity 119 thrombosis 3, 5, 8, 55, 61, 283 syncope 241f., 289 thrombotic microangiopathy 250 synovectomy 77 thryoditis 170 synovial joint 69 thymectomy 229 synovial membrane 66 thymoma 227, 229, 235 synovial thickening 66 thyroglobulin antibodies synovitis 37, 63 (anti-TG) 269, 293 systemic autoimmune diseases 197 thyroid antibodies (TABs) 267, 288 systemic JIA 75 thyroid systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 3, (TAD) 288, 290 35, 37, 51, 55, 68, 103, 120, 135, thyroid disease 254 143, 197, 276, 287 thyroid disorders 259 systemic sclerosis (SSc) 15, 51 thyroid function 259 thyroid function test 19 T thyroid peroxidase (TPO) 177 T1D (Type 1 diabetes) 278 thyroid-stimulating hormone T4 294 (TSH) 49, 268 TA (Takayasu’s arteritis) 112 f. thyroidectomy 270 tachycardia 282 thyroidism 270 tacrolimus 139, 149, 163, 189 thyroiditis 275 TAD 293 thyrotoxic 268 Takayasu’s arteritis 103, 105 ff. , 111 thyrotoxicosis 269 telangiectasias 12, 15, 17, 19 tissue 128, 133 temporal arteritis 103, 106 f., 110 f. tissue atrophies 135 temporal cephalgia 105 f. tissue transglutaminase 194 temporomandibular disorders 118 titin 229 tender points 119 f. TNF-antagonists 100 tenderness 89 f., 118 TNF-inhibitors 84, 91 tendon friction rubs 15, 17 tocilizumab (anti-interleukin-6 tendon reflexes 204 receptor antibody) 70, 84 teratogenicity 163 topical steroids 133 testicular 235 total serum globulin 156 — cancer 236 f. total T3  see also T3 269 — pain 104, 107 toxic neuropathy 220 — seminoma 233 toxins 241, 259 f., 267 330 S 

tramadol 122 ultrasound 68, 178, 187 transaminases 159, 170 ultraviolet (UV) light 135 transfusions 259 undifferentiated connective tissue transglutaminase 128 diseases (UCTD) 51 transient ischaemic attack 56 unstable moods 215 transmural inflammation 185 upper respiratory illness 242 transplanted 162 urgency 187 transverse myelitis 56 urinalysis 19, 97 f., 111, 139, 145, 148 treatment-resistant pruritus 172 urinary infections 250 TRH (thyroid releasing hormone) 122 urinary tract infection 168 tricyclic antidepressants 43, 122 ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) 171, 177, trigeminal neuropathy 37 180 triglycerides 270 ursodiol 163 Trousseau’s signs 288 urticaria 145 trypotophan hydroxylase US Food and Drug Administration 69 antibodies 293 uveitis 84 TSH  see also thyroid stimulating hormone 259, 269 ff., 294 V tuberculosis 74, 78, 281ff. vaccination 220, 262 tumid lupus erythematosus 145 vaginal mucosa atrophy 250 tumour 282 valve vegetations 56 tumour markers 178 van Bijsterveld store 46 tumour necrosis factor (TNF) vascular thrombosis 58 inhibitors 70 vasculitic purpura 49 type 1 diabetes 159, 205, 238, 273, 277, vasculitis 47 f., 143, 290 f. 287 f., 290 f., 293 f. —inchildren26 type 1 idiopathic 273 — leukocytoclasic 97 type 2 diabetes 273, 277 —secondary109 type 3G 276 — secondary 103, 114 type A chronic gastritis 250 f., 254 vein thrombosis 56 type B insulin resistance 276 velcro rales 19 type II collagen 68, 81 venous thromboembolism 55 tyrosin antibodies 293 venous thrombosis 60 ventricular dysfunction 245 U verrucous lesions 136 U1-RNP 13, 41 vibrating tools 19 UC (ulcerative colitis) 189 villous atrophy 193, 195 UDCA (ursodeoxycholic acid) 172 vimentin/cardiolipin complex 57, 59 ulcerative colitis (UC) 159, 165, 175, vincristine 262 185 f. viral agent 244 ulcerative keratitis 84 viral infection 68, 241, 257 ulcerative lesions 145 viral infection 215, 242 ulcers 96 viral trigger 273 ulcers, oral  see oral ulcers visual analogue scale (VAS) 30, 70 ulnar deviation 66 visual disturbance 105 ulnardeviation 64 visual impairment 214 S  331 visual loss 105 weight gain 268 vitamin weight loss 26, 66, 95, 104, 106, 111, 176, —deficiency 180 f., 199, 251 178, 188, 197 f., 259, 268, 275, 277, — malabsorption 168 282, 289 vitamin B12 19, 251, 253 f. Western blot (immunoblot) 12 ff., 31, —deficiency 198 f., 252, 254 33, 48, 131, 164 f., 173 — malabsorption 254 wheat 199 vitamin D 181, 198 f., 294 wheezing 83 —deficiency 148, 173 Whitaker syndrome 287 — supplementation 69 white matter lesions 214 vitamin K 19 widespread pain index (WPI) 118, 120 f. —deficiency 198 Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome 260 vitiligo 269, 282, 290 f., 293 vomiting 196, 198, 282, 289 X vulvodynia 118 xANCA 176 xanthoma 168 W warfarin 61, 245 Z warmness 89 ZnT8 antibodies 276, 280 weakness 37, 66, 109, 118, 222, 277, 282, zymogenic cells 203 289 — degeneration 204 —oflimb28 Wegener’sGranulomatosis(GPA) see also granulomatosis with polyangiitis 93 f., 108