UCLA Engineering News 18
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UCLA Engineer 2 3/31/08 1:35 PM Page 1 SPRING 2008 ISSUE NO. 19 Engineer Next Generation Biofuels UCLA Engineering opens Institute for Three Faculty Members Elected to the Technology Advancement National Academy of Engineering UCLA Engineer 2 4/3/08 11:43 AM Page 2 LETTER FROM THE DEAN E C N E I C Here at the UCLA Henry Samueli School of S Engineering and Applied Science, we are proud that D E we are making important contributions in a wide I L spectrum of renewable and cleaner energy P P technologies. A D N In this issue of UCLA Engineer, you’ll discover some of A the truly innovative research by our faculty in biofuels, G N hydrogen energy and fusion. Our faculty are also I R working on advances in solar power and other potentially groundbreaking E E green technologies that will be better for the environment.As we continue N Engineer I our work in advanced energy research, we hope these contributions will be G part of the solution to a sustainable, greener and brighter future. N Dean E Vijay K. Dhir F One new way that UCLA Engineering will make stronger impacts in O Associate Deans L energy technology, and many other areas, is through the Institute for Richard D.Wesel - Academic and Student Affairs O Gregory Pottie - Research and Physical Resources Technology Advancement (ITA). This off-campus institute is dedicated to O H transitioning high-impact innovative research from UCLA into product C Assistant Dean development and eventual commercialization. ITA is a truly groundbreaking S Mary Okino - Chief Financial Officer I L development for the School and we are all very excited about its opening. E Department Chairs U Timothy Deming - Bioengineering M Harold Monbouquette - Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Finally, I would like to share some news that the entire UCLA Engineering A S Jiun-Shyan (JS) Chen - Civil and Environmental Engineering community can take great pride in. Earlier this year, three of our faculty Y Jason Cong - Computer Science members – M.C. Frank Chang,Yahya Rahmat-Samii and William W-G Yeh – R Ali H. Sayed - Electrical Engineering N Mark Goorsky - Materials Science and Engineering were elected to the National Academy of Engineering. This special honor, E H Adrienne Lavine - Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering among the highest for an engineer, recognizes the world-changing A contributions that each of them have made in their respective fields. L UCLA Engineer is published twice a year by the Office of External Affairs C in the UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science. U You can read more about ITA, our newest NAE members, other research UCLA Engineer Advisory Board projects, and news about UCLA Engineering alumni, students and faculty in Jason Cong this issue. Vijay K. Dhir Mark Goorsky Mary Okino Finally, UCLA Engineering has climbed in the latest U.S. News rankings of Ali H. Sayed graduate engineering programs to 13th overall and tied for eighth among public schools.This is the highest ranking in several years and a recognition External Affairs Communications Matthew Chin - Communications Manager that all of our stakeholders can take great pride in. But no matter where a Wileen Wong Kromhout - Director of Media Relations & Marketing ranking system places us, our mission remains the same: excellence in education, research and service. Office of External Affairs 7256 Boelter Hall Los Angeles, CA 90095 Sincerely, 310.206.0678 310.825.3966 (fax) www.engineer.ucla.edu Vijay K. Dhir Dean Don Liebig, UCLA Photography UCLA Engineer 2 3/31/08 1:08 PM Page 3 CALENDAR OF UPCOMING EVENTS UCLA WINMEC Forum 2008 Covel Commons, UCLA Wednesday, May 7 UCLA Day UCLA Engineering Kickoff Engineering IV Patio Saturday, May 17 UCLA Engineering Technology Forum De Neve Commons, UCLA Tuesday, May 27 Engineering Senior Class Dinner Covel Commons Friday, May 30 CONTENTS Engineering Commencement Pauley Pavilion, UCLA Saturday, June 14 UCLA Engineering Awards Dinner The Beverly Wilshire – a Four Seasons Hotel Friday, November 7 Next Generation Biofuels 6 James Liao develops New Production Method using Bacteria The Future of Fusion 8 Mohamed Abdou works to Harness the Power of the Sun Powered by Microorganisms 10 Laurent Pilon utilizes Algae for Hydrogen Production Institute for Technology Advancement opens 19 Calendar 1 Research Summaries 2 Faculty News 12 UCLA Engineering News 18 Student News 22 UCLA Alumni News 24 2006-07 Honor Roll of Donors 29 Cover photo: Don Liebig, UCLA Photography 1 UCLA Engineer 2 3/31/08 1:08 PM Page 4 RESEARCH SUMMARIES SUMMARIES UCLA Researchers Identify Post-Fire Effects on Downstream Water Supplies Linkages Observed Between the Physical Response of Burned Watersheds and Resulting Mercury Flux By Mike Gaetani and Terri S. Hogue physical and chemical response of water- research group has been conducting an sheds in parts of the San Bernardino extensive field campaign within the Piru Mountains burned by fires in 2003. This Creek-Pyramid Reservoir system, research identified significant post-fire including regular aqueous, soil, and changes in runoff patterns and stream sediment sampling. In the lab, researchers chemistry, attributed to nearly complete analyzed soils for organic content and vegetation loss, reduced permeability of total mercury, while aqueous samples the soils and the formation of a were analyzed for various geochemical hydrophobic (water-repellent) layer parameters, as well as total mercury and from the burning of surface litter and Methylmercury. vegetation. Flooding and debris flows also are linked directly to these changes. Methylmercury is known to be a poison to the human nervous system and has a In the fall of 2005, Hogue teamed with strong tendency to increase in concen- civil and environmental engineering tration to toxic levels as it moves through professor Jenny Jay to launch a unique food webs. Hogue and Jay also are interdisciplinary program to investigate investigating post-fire conditions that mercury flux in post-fire watersheds. may contribute to the transformation of e u g Their goal is to better understand the elemental mercury into methylmercury. o H i r r e mechanisms and linkages between the T physical changes in burned watersheds In December 2007, the group presented Student researchers install an automated and the resulting mercury transport and early results at the American Geophysical sampling system on a California Dept. of cycling within the system. Exploratory Union national meeting. In short, highly Water Resources structure at Piru Creek. sampling of soils and runoff events after erodible soil surfaces in burned systems The sampler collects high resolution storm the 2005 fires in the Santa Monica are contributing to transport of fine samples during runoff events. Mountains revealed – in contrast to particles during runoff events and are normal conditions – a loss of total impacting the water quality of down- ecent wildfires in Southern mercury at the soil surface in the burn stream water bodies, including an California have resulted in area. Hogue and Jay hypothesize that increase in sediment-bound mercury. extensive devastation, lost this was attributed to vaporization of lives, charred homes, surface mercury into the atmosphere The Hogue-Jay group plans to use their Rdestroyed property and displaced and, more significantly, erosion and findings to develop models of runoff and families. Although fires are an essential transport during rain events. In support contaminant transport in post-fire and natural occurrence for most ecosys- of this, stream samples collected from watersheds.The prediction of streamflow tems, they can severely impact water Upper Malibu Creek during the first and transported contaminants is essential quality in stream systems. The mobility post-fire storm revealed dramatically to water agencies, flood control districts and availability of nutrients (nitrates) and elevated mercury levels – 30 times and emergency managers who must deal trace elements (iron, aluminum and higher than samples taken from a with post-fire consequences. Moreover, arsenic) are altered during fires. Limited neighboring control stream unaffected an understanding of mercury cycling studies, conducted mostly in Canada, by the fires. and possible methylation in post-fire suggest wildfires may also contribute systems will be critical to the alert of to the transport of mercury. Found in Based on the 2005 findings, Hogue potential bioaccumulation of neurotoxins all ecosystems due to atmospheric and Jay received a National Science in aquatic systems. transport, mercury is a toxic element that Foundation Small Grant for Exploratory emits from both natural and human Research Award to investigate the For more information, visit the sources. impacts of the 2006 Day Fire that struck website: www.seas.ucla.edu/~thogue northern Los Angeles and Ventura In 2003 civil and environmental Counties. A major drinking water engineering professor Terri Hogue reservoir, Pyramid Reservoir, is located undertook investigations to study the downstream from the burn area. Their 2 UCLA Engineer 2 3/31/08 1:08 PM Page 5 UCLA Engineering Researchers capture Optical ‘Rogue Waves’ By Matthew Chin findings appear in a recent issue of the swans,” also occur in financial markets journal Nature. with spectacular consequences. Our observations may help develop mathe- “Optical rogue waves bear a close matical models that can identify the con- connection to their oceanic cousins,” ditions that lead to such events.” said lead investigator Daniel Solli, a UCLA Engineering researcher. “Optical Co-authors on the Nature paper include experiments may help to resolve the UCLA Engineering researchers Claus mystery of oceanic rogue waves, which Ropers and Prakash Koonath. are very difficult to study directly.” The research was funded by the Defense y h It is thought that rogue waves are a non- Advanced Research Projects Agency p a r g o t linear, perhaps chaotic, phenomenon, (DARPA), the central research and o h p A able to develop suddenly from seemingly development organization for the U.S.