CHAPTER 10 New Perspectives on the Stockhoff Quarry: Toolstone Procurement at a Quarry Complex in the Blue Mountains of Northeastern Oregon Nicholas Smits Archaeological Investigations Northwest, Inc. (
[email protected]) Sara J. Davis Historical Research Associates, Inc. (
[email protected]) Introduction The term “Stockhoff basalt” is familiar to many archaeologists who work in the Pacific Northwest. One of the largest recorded archaeological sites in Oregon, the Stockhoff Quarry site (35UN52) encompasses over 3,400 acres of land on the western flank of Craig Mountain, located about 16 km southeast of La Grande in Union County (Figures 10-1 and 10-2). The Stockhoff Quarry is named for Gene Stockhoff, who owned the land in 1955 when Alan Bryan and Donald Tuohy initiated the first archaeological investigations at the site. Working in advance of construction of a natural gas pipeline, Bryan and Tuohy (1960:489-490) conducted limited testing within the pipeline right- of-way, where they found stone tools and hundreds of flakes of “fine-grained glassy basalt.” The dark gray to black, fine-grained volcanic (FGV) toolstone local to the Craig Mountain vicinity has since been known colloquially as “Stockhoff basalt” for ease of reference, even as our knowledge of the compositional variability of FGV materials in archaeological contexts has increased over the last two decades (e.g., Bakewell 1993, 1996, 2005; Bakewell and Irving 1994). Accordingly, terms such as “FGV” and “vitrophyre,” which have been proposed as alternatives to the catchall term “basalt,” will be used here for the sake of accuracy. Figure 10-1. General study area showing Craig In 2009 and 2010, archaeologists employed by Mountain in relation to prominent features of Archaeological Investigations Northwest, Inc.