7911 Select Committee on Cyclone Preparedness

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

7911 Select Committee on Cyclone Preparedness [Wednesday, 5 May 1999] 7911 SELECT COMMITTEE ON CYCLONE PREPAREDNESS Motion MR GRAHAM (Pilbara) [6.02 pm]: I move - (1) That a select committee of the Legislative Assembly be established to - (a) review, consider, report upon and comment on the effectiveness or otherwise of procedures that are in place for communities in the cyclone prone areas of the State that are aimed at enabling those communities to cope with severe tropical cyclones and associated weather phenomena; (b) review, consider, report upon and comment on the level of cyclone preparedness or otherwise in those communities, having regard to the ability of those communities to withstand the effects of severe tropical cyclones; (c) review, consider, report upon and comment on the effectiveness or otherwise of the emergency management organisations that are responsible for making decisions in the event of severe tropical cyclones; (d) review, consider, report upon and comment on the effectiveness or otherwise of the emergency management plans that are in place for those communities, including evacuation plans; (e) review, consider, report upon and comment on the effectiveness or otherwise of the public awareness campaigns that are in place in those communities; (f) review, consider, report upon and comment on the effectiveness or otherwise of the manner in which information is released to the public during cyclone season; and (g) review, consider, report upon and comment on the effectiveness or otherwise of the effect of uniform building code regulations. (2) That the committee have the power to send for persons and papers, to sit on days over which the House stands adjourned, to move from place to place and to report from time to time, if it deems necessary. (3) That the committee present its final report by 28 November 1999. After 10 years in this Parliament; after nearly 30 years living in either the South East Asian typhoon or monsoon belt and the northern half of Australia on both sides of the continent; having survived cyclones both on land and at sea; having survived cyclone Joan which was, up until cyclone Orson, the biggest cyclone that had crossed the State in Western Australia, certainly in living memory; and having been a veteran of cyclone Althea in Townsville - I think in 1981, I come to the motion with some knowledge of cyclones, albeit I do not claim to be an expert by any stretch of the imagination. The Government wants to discuss tropical cyclone Vance. I know that because of two events: First, the public comments that the Government made; and, second, the fact that now for about a week government departments have been squirrelling away information and feeding it up to the Minister for Emergency Services about all the good things that happened during tropical cyclone Vance. Mr Prince: Have they? Mr GRAHAM: Yes. I am sure the minister has briefing notes hanging out of his fundamentals. Mr Prince: No. I have one and I asked for it today, not before today. Mr GRAHAM: I just make the point as I have made it privately to the minister: This motion is not about cyclone Vance. Mr Baker: It is about overseas travel vouchers. Mr GRAHAM: No. The member for Joondalup is a very cynical man. It is not about tropical cyclone Vance. All that tropical cyclone Vance has done as far as this effort for a select committee is concerned is made cyclones topical in the southern half of Western Australia. They have been topical in the northern half of Western Australia for many years. The select committee that I propose is about disaster management procedures as they relate to cyclones. Cyclones only affect the southern half of this State occasionally. When they do they get great TV coverage, many people are seen and photos are taken and all those things. However, in the northern half of Australia they are the biggest single influence on people's lives and safety in any given year because they are always likely. I am extremely disappointed that the Government has already rejected the call for a select committee; and it has done that publicly. I am bitterly disappointed for two reasons: First, there was no justification for the Government to reject the proposal, not even having seen the terms of reference, not even knowing what it was that I and the Opposition were calling for and, second, there is no doubt that a review of the cyclone procedures in this State is overdue. I will go through and explain that in great detail. It is interesting when one reads the press release from the Minister for Emergency Services published on 19 April. It reads - Emergency Services Minister Kevin Prince has dismissed as "arrant nonsense" Labor Party calls for a Parliamentary inquiry into the State's emergency procedures and preparedness for cyclones. The words "arrant nonsense" are in inverted commas; I therefore presume that is a personal quote from the minister. Two paragraphs down the minister goes on to outline how his department is reviewing the State's emergency procedures and preparedness for cyclones. 7912 [ASSEMBLY] Mr Prince: That is right. Mr GRAHAM: What arrant nonsense, with respect to the minister. Mr Prince: No, it is not. Mr GRAHAM: It is arrant nonsense to say that there is no need for an inquiry and in the same press release announce an inquiry. Mr Prince: You only have an inquiry when things have been badly handled. If they are handled well you do not need one. Mr GRAHAM: I will come to that. Believe me, between now and knock-off time we will come to it at length. Mr Prince: Are you going to speak for 60 minutes? Mr GRAHAM: The minister will get an opportunity to speak. I would like to think that the minister would open up his mind, as the member for Hillarys is advocating that older and younger people do - I am not sure which category the minister falls into - and be a little receptive to something. Mr Prince: I am in the prime of life; you are over the hill. Mr Pendal: We call them seniors. Mr Prince: We call them over the hill. The member for Pilbara and I are in the prime of life. Mr GRAHAM: I think we have bipartisan support on that interjection. The minister then goes on to talk about the comprehensive public education campaign and how successful it has been in the north west of the State. He then announces in the same press release how people do not understand what is happening in those publicity campaigns and that there is a need for legislation to compel them to go along with the campaign. The press release made me angry when I first saw it. That is neither here nor there; one should not change Governments' views because I get angry. However, the press release demonstrates a complete lack of understanding between the emergency service operatives in the northern half of the State and the minister and operatives in the southern half of the State. I will come back to that but I make that point. The press release goes on - Mr Prince said new Emergency Services legislation was being drafted to empower emergency managers to compel residents in cyclone-prone areas to clear potentially hazardous materials such as sheet metal and unfastened sheds from their yards. "While such powers currently exist under local government by-laws, it can be a protracted administrative process and emergency managers should have the power to act quickly in the event of an approaching cyclone," the Minister said. Mr GRAHAM: I thank the minister; I have been saying that in this place for six years. Mr Prince: That is why I quoted it. Mr GRAHAM: As recently as September last year, the minister was arguing the exact opposite. Mr Prince: Who, me? Mr GRAHAM: Yes. After five years in here I had convinced the Minister for Local Government to get off his butt and do it after the Premier and the Cabinet told me to get the Shire of Roebourne's by-laws and implement them to fix the problem but they did not. When I drew up a private member's Bill to include something in the Act that this Government said could not work, we had discussions behind the Chair and I was allowed to withdraw that Bill and resubmit it in the minister's name, including a clause dealing with an appeal division which I argued against and which did not work. There was not one political shot in that process. We had simple, commonsense and bipartisan support to get a recalcitrant Government to deal with cyclones. Finally, the Minister for Local Government admitted his blue and I had to redraft the legislation. We went through hours of discussions and we put the appeal system to the minister as opposed to the court. At the time I pointed out that it would not work because local government does not have the ticker to deal with it when times get rough. Members opposite voted me down, particularly the Minister for Police, who said the exact opposite. He picked up on comments made by the member for Burrup and said he agreed with him. I wanted the powers shifted from local government and given to the State Emergency Service, and the minister responsible chose not to do that. What he is now doing and highlighting is what he should have done six years ago. This Government has made a bungle of the legislation on cyclones from day one because it did not and still will not listen to the people in the north west.
Recommended publications
  • SOPAC Coastal Protection Feasibility Study
    SOPAC Coastal Protection Feasibility Study Final Report August 2005 Executive Summary i 1. Introduction 1 2. Cyclone Design Condition Methodology Overview 3 2.1 Overall Philosophy 3 2.2 Detailed Methodology 4 2.3 Assessment of Recorded Data 4 2.3.1 Deterministic Model Checks 4 2.3.2 Simulation Production Modelling 5 3. Regional Tropical Cyclone Climatology 6 3.1 Statistical Assessment of the Tropical Cyclone Hazard 6 3.2 Parameterisation for Modelling Purposes 12 3.3 Regional Wind Speed and Pressure Data 15 3.4 Selection of Hindcast Storms 19 4. Numerical Modelling 21 4.1 Representation of Localities 21 4.2 Wind and Pressure Field Modelling 22 4.2.1 Wind and Pressure Calibration 22 4.3 Spectral Wave Modelling 31 4.3.1 Wave Model Details 31 4.3.2 Wave Model Calibration 31 4.4 Parametric Wave Model Performance 35 4.5 Tide, Surge and Wave Setup Modelling 37 4.5.1 TC Sally 1987 38 4.5.2 TC Gene 1992 41 4.5.3 TC Pam 1997 42 4.5.4 Commentary 42 4.6 Statistical Model Validation 46 4.6.1 Astronomical Tide 46 4.6.2 Wind 46 4.7 Statistical Storm Tide Model Estimates 49 4.8 Limitations of the Numerical Modelling 51 5. Coastal Protection Issues 52 5.1 Reef Top Conditions 52 5.2 Reef Opening Conditions 54 41/13806/316133 Coastal Protection Feasibility Study Final Report ii 5.3 Factors affecting Reef Setup and their influence on coastal protection choices. 55 5.3.1 Drainage 55 5.3.2 Barriers 55 5.3.3 Incremental Protection 55 5.4 Influence of Sea Level Rise and Climate Change 56 5.4.1 Sea Level Rise 56 5.4.2 Climate Change 56 6.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cyclone As Trope of Apocalypse and Place in Queensland Literature
    ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following work: Spicer, Chrystopher J. (2018) The cyclone written into our place: the cyclone as trope of apocalypse and place in Queensland literature. PhD Thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: https://doi.org/10.25903/7pjw%2D9y76 Copyright © 2018 Chrystopher J. Spicer. The author has certified to JCU that they have made a reasonable effort to gain permission and acknowledge the owners of any third party copyright material included in this document. If you believe that this is not the case, please email [email protected] The Cyclone Written Into Our Place The cyclone as trope of apocalypse and place in Queensland literature Thesis submitted by Chrystopher J Spicer M.A. July, 2018 For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy College of Arts, Society and Education James Cook University ii Acknowledgements of the Contribution of Others I would like to thank a number of people for their help and encouragement during this research project. Firstly, I would like to thank my wife Marcella whose constant belief that I could accomplish this project, while she was learning to live with her own personal trauma at the same time, encouraged me to persevere with this thesis project when the tide of my own faith would ebb. I could not have come this far without her faith in me and her determination to journey with me on this path. I would also like to thank my supervisors, Professors Stephen Torre and Richard Landsdown, for their valuable support, constructive criticism and suggestions during the course of our work together.
    [Show full text]
  • Developing Impact-Based Thresholds for Coastal Inundation from Tide Gauge Observations
    CSIRO PUBLISHING Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science, 2019, 69, 252–272 https://doi.org/10.1071/ES19024 Developing impact-based thresholds for coastal inundation from tide gauge observations Ben S. HagueA,B,C, Bradley F. MurphyA, David A. JonesA and Andy J. TaylorA ABureau of Meteorology, GPO Box 1289, Melbourne, Vic. 3001, Australia. BSchool of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia. CCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract. This study presents the first assessment of the observed frequency of the impacts of high sea levels at locations along Australia’s northern coastline. We used a new methodology to systematically define impact-based thresholds for coastal tide gauges, utilising reports of coastal inundation from diverse sources. This method permitted a holistic consideration of impact-producing relative sea-level extremes without attributing physical causes. Impact-based thresh- olds may also provide a basis for the development of meaningful coastal flood warnings, forecasts and monitoring in the future. These services will become increasingly important as sea-level rise continues.The frequency of high sea-level events leading to coastal flooding increased at all 21 locations where impact-based thresholds were defined. Although we did not undertake a formal attribution, this increase was consistent with the well-documented rise in global sea levels. Notably, tide gauges from the south coast of Queensland showed that frequent coastal inundation was already occurring. At Brisbane and the Sunshine Coast, impact-based thresholds were being exceeded on average 21.6 and 24.3 h per year respectively. In the case of Brisbane, the number of hours of inundation annually has increased fourfold since 1977.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Australia Cyclone Preparedness Guide
    Is your property ready? Western Australia Cyclone Preparedness Guide Cyclone Preparedness Guide This Guide has been prepared for WA property owners to provide information on tropical cyclones and their effect on buildings. It provides recommendations about things you can do before the cyclone season to minimise damage to your property from severe winds and rain during a cyclone. The key to preparing your property is regular inspection and continued maintenance. The checklists at the back of this Guide will help you identify any potential problems with your property and ensure that it is kept in good condition. Seek advice from a building professional to address any issues if required. TABLE OF CONTENTS WHAT IS A CYCLONE? ............................................................................................................................... 3 What are the Characteristics of a Cyclone? .............................................................................................. 3 Strong winds and rain ............................................................................................................................ 3 Storm surge and storm tide ................................................................................................................... 3 WHEN AND WHERE DO CYCLONES OCCUR? ......................................................................................... 4 Wind Loading Regions .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Tropical Cyclone Vance 18 – 24 March 1999
    Tropical Cyclone Vance 18 – 24 March 1999 Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre Bureau of Meteorology A. Summary Severe tropical cyclone Vance was one of the strongest cyclones ever to affect mainland Australia. After developing off Darwin on 17-18 March, Vance gradually intensified as it tracked to the west southwest then to the south before crossing the coast near Exmouth on 22 March as a category 5 system. Vance caused severe structural damage to about 10 per cent of buildings in the town though many more experienced less obvious damage due to intrusion of rainwater. A high storm tide caused coastal erosion and damage between Exmouth and Onslow - the estimated peak storm surge west of Onslow was estimated at over 5 m. In addition to damage in the far west Pilbara, water and power supplies throughout the Gascoyne and Goldfields were disrupted and many homesteads sustained wind or flooding damage. The main rail and road links to the eastern states were cut. B. Meteorological Description As the circulation associated with tropical cyclone Elaine moved slowly west, another low within the monsoon trough, which persisted over the north coast of Australia near Darwin for several days, moved into the Timor Sea. The low- level circulation, favourably situated beneath the upper ridge in a region of weak wind shear quickly intensified to cyclone intensity. Vance moved quite steadily west-southwest at first, then towards the southwest during 20-21 March. It intensified steadily and was declared a severe Category 3 cyclone late on 19 March. It was further upgraded to a Category 5 overnight on 20 March.
    [Show full text]
  • When Disaster Strikes … How Communities Cope and Adapt: a Social Capital Perspective
    In: Social Capital: Theory, Measurement and Outcomes ISBN: 978-1-62417-822-1 Editor: C. Douglas Johnson © 2013 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted commercially in any form or by any means. The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained herein. This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, medical or any other professional services. Chapter 6 WHEN DISASTER STRIKES … HOW COMMUNITIES COPE AND ADAPT: A SOCIAL CAPITAL PERSPECTIVE Lisa J. Wood, Bryan J. Boruff and Helen M. Smith The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia ABSTRACT Human beings have had to co-exist with natural disasters and environmental calamity since the dawn of time, and our vulnerability to disasters is potentially increased in the 21st century as we contend with exponential population growth and the volatilities of climate change. When a disaster strikes, a community has no choice but to respond and cope with the event. But why is it that some communities cope and adapt better than others in the face of adversity? Underlying a well-integrated, resilient community is social capital, which can play an important role in enabling communities to work together to recover from a disaster. Social capital also provides a useful framework for assessing a community’s mechanisms for preventing or preparing for disasters before they occur.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines for Converting Between Various Wind Averaging Periods in Tropical Cyclone Conditions
    GUIDELINES FOR CONVERTING BETWEEN VARIOUS WIND AVERAGING PERIODS IN TROPICAL CYCLONE CONDITIONS For more information, please contact: World Meteorological Organization Communications and Public Affairs Office Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 83 14 – Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 80 27 E-mail: [email protected] Tropical Cyclone Programme Weather and Disaster Risk Reduction Services Department Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 84 53 – Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 81 28 E-mail: [email protected] 7 bis, avenue de la Paix – P.O. Box 2300 – CH 1211 Geneva 2 – Switzerland www.wmo.int D-WDS_101692 WMO/TD-No. 1555 GUIDELINES FOR CONVERTING BETWEEN VARIOUS WIND AVERAGING PERIODS IN TROPICAL CYCLONE CONDITIONS by B. A. Harper1, J. D. Kepert2 and J. D. Ginger3 August 2010 1BE (Hons), PhD (James Cook), Systems Engineering Australia Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Australia. 2BSc (Hons) (Western Australia), MSc, PhD (Monash), Bureau of Meteorology, Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, Melbourne, Australia. 3BSc Eng (Peradeniya-Sri Lanka), MEngSc (Monash), PhD (Queensland), Cyclone Testing Station, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia. © World Meteorological Organization, 2010 The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO. Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate these publication in part or in whole should be addressed to: Chairperson, Publications Board World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 84 03 P.O. Box 2300 Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 80 40 CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] NOTE The designations employed in WMO publications and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of WMO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • The Age Natural Disaster Posters
    The Age Natural Disaster Posters Wild Weather Student Activities Wild Weather 1. Search for an image on the Internet showing damage caused by either cyclone Yasi or cyclone Tracy and insert it in your work. Using this image, complete the Thinking Routine: See—Think— Wonder using the table below. What do you see? What do you think about? What does it make you wonder? 2. World faces growing wild weather threat a. How many people have lost their lives from weather and climate-related events in the last 60 years? b. What is the NatCatService? c. What does the NatCatService show over the past 30 years? d. What is the IDMC? e. Create a line graph to show the number of people forced from their homes because of sudden, natural disasters. f. According to experts why are these disasters getting worse? g. As human impact on the environment grows, what effect will this have on the weather? h. Between 1991 and 2005 which regions of the world were most affected by natural disasters? i. Historically, what has been the worst of Australia’s natural disasters? 3. Go to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Global_tropical_cyclone_tracks-edit2.jpg and copy the world map of tropical cyclones into your work. Use the PQE approach to describe the spatial distribution of world tropical cyclones. This is as follows: a. P – describe the general pattern shown on the map. b. Q – use appropriate examples and statistics to quantify the pattern. c. E – identifying any exceptions to the general pattern. 4. Some of the worst Question starts a.
    [Show full text]
  • MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO Diploma Thesis
    MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO FACULTY OF EDUCATION Diploma thesis Brno 2018 Supervisor: Author: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Bc. Lukáš Opavský MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO FACULTY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE Presentation Sentences in Wikipedia: FSP Analysis Diploma thesis Brno 2018 Supervisor: Author: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Bc. Lukáš Opavský Declaration I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. I agree with the placing of this thesis in the library of the Faculty of Education at the Masaryk University and with the access for academic purposes. Brno, 30th March 2018 …………………………………………. Bc. Lukáš Opavský Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor, doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. for his kind help and constant guidance throughout my work. Bc. Lukáš Opavský OPAVSKÝ, Lukáš. Presentation Sentences in Wikipedia: FSP Analysis; Diploma Thesis. Brno: Masaryk University, Faculty of Education, English Language and Literature Department, 2018. XX p. Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Annotation The purpose of this thesis is an analysis of a corpus comprising of opening sentences of articles collected from the online encyclopaedia Wikipedia. Four different quality categories from Wikipedia were chosen, from the total amount of eight, to ensure gathering of a representative sample, for each category there are fifty sentences, the total amount of the sentences altogether is, therefore, two hundred. The sentences will be analysed according to the Firabsian theory of functional sentence perspective in order to discriminate differences both between the quality categories and also within the categories.
    [Show full text]
  • Section 10 Marine Impacts and Management 10
    Section 10 Marine Impacts and Management 10. Marine Impacts 10. and Management Section 10 | Marine Impact Assessment and Management 10 Marine Impact Assessment and ▸ ship access gangways and conveyor cross- overs and cross-unders; Management ▸ aids to navigation; ▸ a ship arrestor barrier structure; and 10.1 Introduction ▸ berth pockets, departure basins, swing basins, This chapter provides an assessment of impacts link channels, new departure channel and tug that the construction and operation of the proposed access channel. Outer Harbour Development will potentially have on Construction of the project will require dredging of the marine environment. Included in the assessment 3 is consideration of the management objectives approximately 54 Mm of material. For the purposes for each environmental factor at risk; design, of the impact assessment, it has been assumed that mitigation and management measures proposed to each stage would be consecutively dredged, resulting reduce impacts; an evaluation of the significance in dredging being undertaken in 56 discontinuous of the residual impacts in light of the management months within a five to six year period, depending approach; and the environmental outcomes arising on the commencement of each development stage. from each of the evaluated project aspects. These dredging works will be associated with the departure channel and navigational facilities, access The coastal environment of the Pilbara region in jetty and wharf structure. the vicinity of the project is characterised by marine habitat of vast sandy plains and a series of low relief The marine loading facility will be capable offshore limestone ridgelines supporting sparse of berthing and loading 250,000 dry weight mosaic benthic communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Knowing Maintenance Vulnerabilities to Enhance Building Resilience
    Knowing maintenance vulnerabilities to enhance building resilience Lam Pham & Ekambaram Palaneeswaran Swinburne University of Technology, Australia Rodney Stewart Griffith University, Australia 7th International Conference on Building Resilience: Using scientific knowledge to inform policy and practice in disaster risk reduction (ICBR2017) Bangkok, Thailand, 27-29 November 2017 1 Resilient buildings: Informing maintenance for long-term sustainability SBEnrc Project 1.53 2 Project participants Chair: Graeme Newton Research team Swinburne University of Technology Griffith University Industry partners BGC Residential Queensland Dept. of Housing and Public Works Western Australia Government (various depts.) NSW Land and Housing Corporation An overview • Project 1.53 – Resilient Buildings is about what we can do to improve resilience of buildings under extreme events • Extreme events are limited to high winds, flash floods and bushfires • Buildings are limited to state-owned assets (residential and non-residential) • Purpose of project: develop recommendations to assist the departments with policy formulation • Research methods include: – Focused literature review and benchmarking studies – Brainstorming meetings and research workshops with research team & industry partners – e.g. to receive suggestions and feedbacks from what we have done so far Australia – in general • 6th largest country (7617930 Sq. KM) – 34218 KM coast line – 6 states • Population: 25 million (approx.) – 6th highest per capita GDP – 2nd highest HCD index – 9th largest
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Tropical Cyclone Vance on Exmouth
    The effects of tropical cyclone Vance on Exmouth Introduction for a category 5 cyclone in Region D is Cyclone Vance hit Exmouth on the morning by Greg Reardon (Cyclone Testing Station, James Cook University, Townsville), ‘Significant roof and structural damage. of Monday 22nd March, 1999. Exmouth is a Geoff Boughton (Curtin University of Dangerous airborne debris’, that is, the small coastal township some 1250 km north Technology, Perth), David Henderson and tabulated description for a category 4 event of Perth, and almost at the tip of Northwest John Ginger (Cyclone Testing Station, JCU) in Region C. Cape in Western Australia. It is located on Cyclone Vance the west side of the Exmouth Gulf and has a maximum gust speed expressed in both Vance formed in the Timor Sea and was population of just under 3000. It was kilometres per hour (km/h) and metres per established in the early 1960s as the service declared a Category 1 cyclone by the Bureau second (m/s). of Meteorology on 18 March. It headed west centre for the Australian–United States The damage potential listed in Tab le 1 for Communication Station. Now its main then southwest as it intensified rapidly to each category of cyclone has been based on become a Category 5 by 21 March. The fol- industry is tourism. likely performance of buildings in cyclone The township extends over an area of lowing day it was travelling almost due south Region C, as defined in the wind loading as it entered Exmouth Gulf. The Bureau’s about 4 km long by 2 km wide, and is about code.
    [Show full text]