3. WATERS WATERS WATERS PRESSURES

Water collection, its use and sewage disposal have in the following districts: Górowski, Z¹bkowicki, the major influence on the state of water resources. In Trzebnicki, Œwidnicki and Wa³brzyski, which are the the recent years there has been steady water collection districts the worse supplied with sewage system. at the level of about 400 hm3/year. However, the character of water distribution has been changing. The Diagram 3.1. Water collection required by the national largest rise took place in water collection for the economy and population in 2000–2008 industry, whereas the amount of water collected by (source: CSO) water supply systems has been constantly decreasing. utilisation of water This fall can be ascribed to the decrease in the irrigation in agriculture and forestry population growth as well as to the actions taken by production water suppliers and consumers (repairs of the network, 500 decrease of technological losses, economcial water 400 management by its users, policy on pricing). Analysing the volume of waste disposal that needs 300

purifying, a constant decrease in their amount can be 3 200 observed, although this fall has already been hm /year insubstantial in the recent years. 100 Beneficial changes can be observed in the method 0 of purification of wastes as well. The amount of raw 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 waste or waste purified mechanically has been systematically decreasing in favour for waste Diagram 3.2. Industrial and municipal sewage treatment biologically purified, especially with a higher level of disposed to waters and grounds in the province of removing biogenic compounds. Lower Silesia in 2000–2008 (source: CSO) The constant development of water supply systems mechanical chemical and collective sewage systems with sewage treatment biological with increased removal plants has also influenced the improvement of sewage raw sewage of biogenic agents 200 disposal functioning throughout the province. In 2000–2008, 18% increase in the length of water supply 150 system with even bigger, that is above 55%, increase of sewerage system was observed. The relation of the

3 100 length of water supply system to sewerage system has

hm /year been still decreasing, although the water supply system 50 still almost doubles the sewerage one. However, in individual districts (among others: Górowski, 0 Trzebnicki and Strzeliñski) the length of the sewerage 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 system is several times smaller than the water supply system. It means that still a large part of the province Diagram 3.3. Municipal and industrial sewage requiring lacks sewerage system in locations equipped with purification disposed to waters or grounds in water supply system. 2000–2008 (source: CSO) When evaluating the development of the municipal industrial communal infrastructure in the last years, the indicator measuring 300 the length of water supply and sewerage system per 250 capita in 2008 was calculated, and the increase of this 200

indicator was compared to that of 2000. The 3 150 development is not even within the province. The hm largest increase in sewerage system per citizen was 100 observed in the following districts: Wroc³awski, 50 Legnicki, Boles³awiecki, Lwówecki and Milicki. The 0 smallest growth of sewerage system could be observed 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Figure 3.2. Water supplysystem/sewage

Water supplysystem[m/Inhabit.] Length of the system [km] 10000 12500 15000 2500 5000 7500 ,61,68 1,16 ,93,86 1,69 ,41,15 0,74 0,73 0,45 ,30,44 0,13 0,80÷1,00 1,01÷2,00 2,01÷3,00 >4,00 3,01÷4,00 (formulated independentlyonthebasisofCSOdata) 0 2,73 ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ 0020 0220 0420 0620 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 Increase ofthelengthwatersupplyandseweragesystemspercapitaindistricts2000-2008 1,71 1,37 1,71 water supplysystem/sewage water supplysystem 1,32 2,29 1,82 1,48 1,42 1,40 1,66 0,95 1,77 0,80 1,37 2,55 sewage system 9,70 2,25 1,83 1,70 1,34 1,74 3,27 Sewage system[m/Inhabit.] 1,49 5,16 3,96 ,52,37 1,75 1,74 0,90 0,89 0,59 0,58 0,36 ,60,35 0,16 ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ 2,29 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 2,93

3,23 water supply system / sewage system Diagram 3.4. (source: CSO) Silesia in2000–2008 systems intheprovinceofLower sewerage andwatersupply Figure 3.1. on thebasisofCSOdata) (formulated independently Silesia in2008 the provinceofLower system inthedistrictsof to thelengthofsewerage supply systeminrelation The developmentofthe The lengthofwater

WATERS CURRENT SITUATION The qualityofsurfacewaters monitoring: the monitoringnetworkwas basedonthreetypesof has beendeveloped. enabling waterqualityassessment inwaterregions, watersmonitoring bodies, theprogrammeofsurface failure tofulfiltheenvironmentalobjectivesinwater researches madeuntilnowandassessmentsofrisks level, establishedwithinthedrainagebasin. units, disregardingtheadministrativebordersofany their drainagebasinisbasedonhydrographical such as: waters, a separateandsignificantelementofsurface given intheDirective,awaterbodyiscomprehendedas whole watersystem. Framework Directivearethebasicelementsof protective actions. assessment ofeffectivenesstheundertaken required bywaterresources managementand changes andwarningofrisksatthenationallevelas information aboutitsconditions,monitoring assessing theconditionsofwaters. issues, amongothers,relatedtomonitoringor regulationswhichregulatenumerous secondary European Unionlegislation,referstorespective above-stated act,adaptedtotherequirementsof protection areregulatedbytheact–Water Law. The management ofthewaterresources. the amountandqualityrequiredforsustainable consequence, shouldleadtoensuringwatersupplyin quality ofthewaterresources by2015,which,asa implementation istocontributeachievinghigh water policy(so-calledFrameworkWater Directive).Its the frameworkofcommunityactionsinfield 2000/60/WE ofthe23 European ParliamentandCouncilDirective parameters aswellspecificcontaminationisthe physicochemical, biological,hydro-morphological ecosystems andspecificationoftheirconditionsusing Union basedoncomprehensiverecognitionof defining waterqualityinthecountriesofEuropean The basiclegalactregulatingtheprinciplesof In accordancewiththeWater FrameworkDirective, Based ontheanalysisofresults The wholeprocessofmanagementwatersin waters. d) internalmarinewaters,transitionalorcoastal spout,stream,brook,river, canaloritspart, c) b) artificialwaterreservoir, a) lakeorothernaturalwaterreservoir, So-called waterbodiesspecifiedintheWater The aimofwaterqualitymonitoringistoprovide In Polandtheissuesrelatedtoenvironmental In accordancewiththedefinition rd of October2000,establishing purposes –connected withtheirexploitation. example, asanaturalhabitat forfishorwatersupply the usefulnessofwatersfor particularpurposes–for properly implementedalsomakes itpossibletoassess water managementauthorities. Theprogrammethatis the specificationofwaters prepared bytheregional on themannerofwaterutilisation,whicharedefinedin as wellthelocalisationofmonitoringpointsdepend programmes. Therangeandfrequencyofresearches quality changeswhichresultfromimplementingthe these waters.Itisalsousedwhenassessingwater of failuretoachievetheenvironmentalaimssetfor state ofthesepartswaters,forwhichthereisarisk if possible–thecharacterandtypeofriver. the areaofaparticularriverbasin,takingintoaccount– drainagebasinandsub-basinwithin waters withinevery enable theassessmentofconditionssurface number ofwaterbodiesshouldbemonitoredinorderto Photo 3.1. The operationalmonitoringisusedtodefinethe Within thediagnosticmonitoring,asufficient ƒ ƒ ƒ research. operational, diagnostic, Miros³aw Sikorski) The OdrariverinWroc³aw(photoby

WATERS Table 3.1. substances whichareharmfultothewater and macrophytes),physicochemicalelements was madeonbiological(phytoplankton,phytobenthos monitoring pointswithintheprovince.Theexamination fully applied.Themonitoringwascarriedoutin23 onlyif be performed Assessmentoftheconditionswatersby III. Assessmentofthechemicalstatus(presence II. the Environmentof20 principles definedintheRegulationofMinister .Assessmentoftheenvironmentalstatus: I. stages: 2008.162.1008). Theassessmentproceedsinthree waterbodies(JournalofLaws classification ofsurface lsiiaino niaosfo h ru fsbtne hc r atclryhrflfrtewtrevrnet goodstat – Classification ofindicators fromthegroupofsubstanceswhich areparticularlyharmfulforthewaterenvironment: D armfulf indicators fromthegroupofsubstances whichareparticularlyh – scalewhereclassIstandsforvery -grade andphysicochemicalelements:onthebasisof5 physicochemicalelements, SS Classification ofbiologicalelements – elements,FCH biological – B 1 zr eo zra(arco)140 ID D II D D II I II III 144,00 I D III III III 137,50 III 135,00 II 197,00 D II III III II belowIzerka(Harrachov) 3,20 1,00 III I Orlica III II PD D D 23. 215,40 2,00 3,20 Szybka(Klikawa) III 22. III III III III 0,50 Izera Bobrzyca above Deschka 21. / Pieńsk Witka III abovetheintakeinWojanów III IV IV D bordertri-point 20. Łużycka 2,40 4,00 Nysa 1,20 0,20 III (Wąsosz) outlettoBarycz Łużycka 19. Nysa III outlet toBarycz 18. Bóbr IV outlettoOdra D D 17. Bóbr III 0,50 16. PolskiRów outlettoOdra 25,20 II 15. III Orla outletto Odra bridge 14. Rogów-Malczyce Barycz II III 13. outlettoBystrzyca(Niegoszów) III Kaczawa outlet toBystrzyca 12. 2,00 CichaWoda 278,00 outlettoOdra II outlettoOdra I 11. Widawa Strzegomka (belowMałgorzataweir) outlettoOdra 10. 382,50 Piława 9. II Tłumaczów Bystrzyca above 8. 97,60 aboveofthe rivermouthofBarycz Ślęza 7. JSC „Rokita” PCC above Oława 6. aboveoftherivermouthofBudzówka Ścinawka 5. NysaKłodzka 4. Odra 3. Odra 2. 1. o ie aeNm ftemntrn on Km Nameofthemonitoringpoint Rivername No. supporting theassessmentofbiologicalelements, / potential. foundation forecologicalstatusassessment, ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ The completeassessmentofthestatewaterscan comparing theenvironmentalandchemicalstatus. substances andotherpollutingsubstances) particularly harmfulforthewaterenvironment The waterqualityassessmentisbasedonthe verification ofthemeasurementresults, classification ofphysicochemicalelementsas proper assessmentoftheecologicalstatus classification ofbiologicalelementsasthe diagnostic monitoring Assessment ofwaterqualitywithintheprovinceLowerSilesiain2008(basedonresults Niemojów-Bartošovice the borderpassagein Zdrój above theborderpassageinKudowa (water-level indicator) Černousy-Zawidów diagnostic monitoring ) th of August2008on has been 10 ID II I D 91,00 II II 10,90 ,0IID III 1,00 impact islower(Kaczawa,Odrainitsmiddlecourse). K³odzka, Bóbr)orriverswheretheanthropogenic rivers intheirinitialstage(Izera,Orlica,Witka,Nysa was assessedasgood.Thesearemainlymountain 1 or2,thereforetheenvironmentalstatusoftheserivers and physicochemicalelementswereatthelevelofclass compounds) determinedthelowermark. 2, thephysicochemicalelements(especiallybiogenic riverwiththebiologicalelementsbeingofclass Barycz greatest influenceontheirclassification.Onlyforthe them, biologicalelementsoftheassessmenthad status wasrecordedin11pointsandforthemajorityof K³odzki andKudowaZdrój.Moderateenvironmental (the £abadrainagebasin),drainingwastesfromLewin Szybka (Klikawa)–aminorinflowoftheMetujeriver and Pi³awa,Strzegomka drained into–Bystrzyca, which quitealargeramountof(purified)wasteis These aretheriversofOdradrainagebasin,to classification oftheseriversasenvironmentallypoor. were recordedinclass4whichleadsdirectlyto biological elements.Theresultsoffourpointsonly morphological elementsandichthyofaunawasomitted. criteria ofassessment,theexaminationhydro- environment. Duetothelackofmethodologiesand C SS FCH B Classification of elements In theremaining8monitoringpointsbothbiological The assessmentwasbasedontheexaminationof good bad good good moderate moderate good good moderate moderate moderate good moderate moderate bad bad bad moderate moderate moderate good good moderate PD – above-good state. above-good – PD Ecological / potential state goodstate. e and above-good state, e andabove-good below good below good good below good below good below good below good below good below good below good below good below good below good good below good below good below good below good good below good below good below good below good Chemical state rtewtrevrnet. or thewaterenvironment bad waterstate bad waterstate good waterstate bad waterstate bad waterstate bad waterstate bad waterstate bad waterstate bad waterstate bad waterstate bad waterstate bad waterstate bad waterstate bad waterstate bad waterstate bad waterstate bad waterstate bad waterstate bad water state bad waterstate bad waterstate bad waterstate bad waterstate OCENA STANU

WATERS inflow. tothePe³cznicariver,Wa³brzych theStrzegomka caused bytheinflowofsaltymine-watersfrom riverintherecentyearshasbeen the Bystrzyca household waste.Theconductivityincreasein flows aswellinflowsofnon-purified total phosphoruscanbecausedbybothsurface been stoppedlately. Suchhighconcentrationof years, althoughthisupwardtrendseemstohave Œlêza river, remainingatthatlevelformany high concentrationoftotalphosphorusinthe years. Theoneandonlyexceptionisrelatively decrease intheirvaluestherecentseveral andŒlêzariverssignifies theconstant Bystrzyca pollution indicatorsintheOdra,Nysa£u¿ycka, phosphorus) changeshavebeenanalysed. conductivity, totalnitrogenand years, trendsinbasicpollutionindicators(BOD where theresearch hasbeenmadeforseveral the riversinrecentyears. processes whichhavetakenplaceinthestateof there isnoreferenceandrelationwiththe Water Framework Directive)forthefirsttime, it wasbasedonsuchprinciples(definedbythe however, duetoitscharacterandthefactthat generally indicatesbadconditionsoftherivers, river only. of waterswasassessedasgoodfortheIzera waters intheprovinceofLowerSilesia.Thestate that determinedthefinalbadmarkofstate chemical statuswasbelowgood,itisitsresults of themonitoringpoints,assessment state ofwaterswasassessed.Asforthemajority and chemicalstatusclassification,thegeneral below thelimitvalues. researched indicatorstheirconcentrationswere metals. Inthegreatmajorityofremaining and insomecases,alsobypesticides andindeno(1,2,3-cd)piren) (benzo(g,h,i)perylen compounds fromthePAH group usually determinedbythepresenceoftwo defined asbelowgood.Suchassessmentwas values. In20pointsthechemicalstatuswas indicators shouldbelowerthanrequiredlimit as good,theauthoritativevaluesofall quality. Forthechemicalstatus tobeassessed out of47requiredchemicalindicatorswater onthebasisofresearch resultsof32 performed The analysisoftrendsthestated-above The assessmentofthechemicalstatuswas Therefore, inseveralcharacteristicpoints Although theassessmentpresentedhere On thebasisofresultsenvironmental 5 , Figure 3.3 the chemicalstateofwaters: Classification of the ecologicalstateofwaters: Classification of

Classification ofwaters: Nysa Łużycka Nysa Łużycka moderate good Nysa Łużycka unsatisfactory good below good good unsatisfactory diagnostic monitoring) Lower Silesiain2008(onthebasisofresults

Assessment oftheriversqualityinprovince

Bóbr Bóbr Bóbr

Kaczawa Kaczawa Kaczawa

Bystrzyca Bystrzyca Bystrzyca

Nysa K ODRA łodzka Nysa Kłodzka ODRA

Nysa Kłodzka ODRA

Ślęza Ślęza Ślęza Barycz Barycz

Barycz Oława Oława Oława

Widawa

Widawa

Widawa

WATERS Diagram 3.5. 1000 1500 2000 500 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 10 15 10 15 0 5 0 5 0

1993 1993 1993 1993 1994 1994 1994 1994 darvr–a 7 m(bv C “Rokita”) at278km(abovePCC – Odra river

1995 1995 1995 1995 Trends ofselectedpollutionindicatorsintheriversLowerSilesia1993-2008 class I 1996 1996 1996 1996

1997 1997 1997 Conductivity [μS/cm] 1997 Total phosphorus[mgP/l] Total nitrogen[mgN/l] 1998 1998 1998 1998 /l] [mgO BOD

1999 1999 1999 1999 5 2000 2000 2000 2000 2 class II 2001 2001 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 100 200 300 400 500 600 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 10 15 10 0 5 0 2 4 6 8 0

1993 1993 1993 1993

1994 1994 1994 1994 at197km(bordertri-point) – Łużyckariver Nysa 1995 1995 1995 1995 1996 1996 1996 1996 1997 1997 1997 1997 Conductivity [μS/cm] Total phosphorus[mgP/l] 1998 1998 Total nitrogen[mgN/l] 1998 1998 O m /l] [mgO BOD 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 5 2001 2001 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 2 2003 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008

WATERS Diagram 3.5. 1000 1500 2000 500 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 10 15 10 15 0 0 5 0 5

1993 1993 1993 1993 ytzc ie at1,2km(estuarytotheOdrariver) – Bystrzyca river 1994 1994 1994 1994

1995 1995 1995 1995 as continued class I 1996 1996 1996 1996 1997 1997 1997 1997 Conductivity [μS/cm] Total phosphorus[mgP/l] Total nitrogen[mgN/l] 1998 1998 1998 1998 /l] [mgO BOD

1999 1999 1999 1999 5 2000 2000 2000 2000 2 classII 2001 2001 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 1000 1500 2000 500 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 10 10 15 15 0 5 0 5 0

1993 1993 1993 1993

1994 1994 1994 1994 at2,4km(estuarytotheOdrariver) – Ślęza river 1995 1995 1995 1995 1996 1996 1996 1996 1997 1997 1997 1997 Conductivity [μS/cm] Total phosphorus[mgP/l] O m /l] [mgO BOD 1998 1998 Total nitrogen[mgN/l] 1998 1998

1999 1999 1999 1999 5 2000 2000 2000 2000

2001 2001 2001 2001 2 2002 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008

WATERS Table 3.2. physicochemical elements. status wasnarroweddowntotheclassificationof verification stage,theassessmentofenvironmental biological elementswasattheimplementationand diagnostic monitoring).Asin2008theresearch on 119 monitoringpoints(includingalsosomewith physicochemical elements. researches involvesthebiologicalelementandselected management plansintheriverbasin.Therangeof monitoring mechanismoftheimplementationwater that causethreattotheenvironment.Itisalso in thefieldofparameterswhichcharacterisefactors water policyaimedatkeepingtrackofrecentchanges 2 ałne ultt ytzc 0,10 0,10 0,50 1,20 0,10 23,40 1,00 0,50 outlettoBystrzca(Niegoszów) 0,60 50,70 abovetherivermouthofGniły Potok 3,20 2,40 60,00 outlettoBystrzyca 17,40 outlettoBystrzyca outlettoBystrzyca outlettoLubachówReservoir 1,00 0,50 outlettoOdra 80,60 Piława abovetherivermouthof Strzegomka Piława 44. aboveMietkówReservoir 58,80 38,30 Jabłoniec 1,00 ŚwidnicaandPiławy 43. below Złotnica 42. aboveJugowicesewage treatmentplant Witoszówka 41. Ślęza Ślęza outletto outletto 54,00 Młynówka 2,00 40. Ślęza outletto Bystrzyca outlettoOdra 39. Ślęza Bystrzyca abovetherivermouthofMała 38. ŁagiewnikiSugarFactory Bystrzyca above 37. 2,00 Bystrzyca 36. 0,50 Bystrzyca 35. toOława toOława outlet outlet Ślęza Mała 34. (Niemil) toOława 0,10 outlet 25,20 Kasina 33. toOława(Biedrzychów) outlet Żurawka 32. outlettoOdra(belowMałgorzata weir) 2,80 4,90 Ślęza 31. 0,20 Ślęza 30. 0,50 Ślęza 29. belowStrzelin Brochówka 46,30 28. roadsection Błotnica-Topola bridgeatthe Zielona 27. 124,10 0,50 Gnojna 0,60 26. outlettoNysaKłodzka Krynka 25. 0,50 Oława (Ścinawica) 24. outlettoNysaKłodzka 0,30 Tłumaczów 159,00 23. above Ścinawka Oława outletto 2,00 (Starostinadistrict) Golińsk 97,60 below 22. Oława outlettoNysaKłodzka Trująca 21. 231,00 278,00 Budzówka 20. BożkowskiPotok 19. Żelazno Ścinawka 18. belowtherivermouthofBudzówka outlettoNysaKłodzka 262,00 Ścinawka 17. belowKłodzko Ścinawka 16. Jodłówka outlettoOdra 15. BystrzycaDusznicka belowMiędzylesie 14. outlettoOdra BiałaLądecka 13. outlettoOdra JSC NysaKłodzka „Rokita” 12. PCC above NysaKłodzka outlettoOdra Ślęza 11. therivermouthof below NysaKłodzka 10. aboveWrocław NysaKłodzka 9. Lutynia 8. Ługowina 7. Trzciana 6. Smortawa 5. Odra 4. Odra 3. Odra 2. 1. In 2008,operationalmonitoringwascarriedoutin The o ie aeNm ftemntrn on Km point monitoring Nameofthe Rivername No. monitoring operational monitoring Classification ofriverqualityelementsintheprovinceLowerSilesia2008(onbasis results) (Drzemlikowice) above therivermouthofGnojna (Krosnowice) above therivermouthofBiałaLądecka is aninstrumentof unsatisfactory. and theconditionofwaters–inconsequence achieve forthesepointswouldbe“moderate”atmost, classification, theenvironmentalstatuspossibleto regardless oftheresultsbiologicalelements were classifiedintheclass3,whichmeansthat, Gnojna). Graniczna,Krynka, Jezierzyca, anthropogenic impactisinsignificant(Smortawa, minor watercourses inlowlandswherethe K³odzka, Bóbr, orKaczawaaswell Kwisa,Bystrzyca upper partsofthefollowingmountainrivers:Nysa monitored points.Mostfrequentlytheywerelocatedin in 38measurementpointswhichmakes32%ofallthe In theremainingpointsphysicochemicalelements Class 2forphysicochemicalelementswasobserved 133,60 41,60 Classification ofelements C SS FCH I D III III III III III I D III III D III III III III III III III D III III III III III III III III III D III III III III III III III III II II II II II II II II II II II II II operational

WATERS Table 3.2. 0.Coinwk oaPrhw0,50 0,10 3,50 0,30 0,40 0,80 0,10 0,50 13,80 137,50 outlettoBóbr(Dąbrowa Bol.) 161,80 outlettoKamienna Parchów 13,50 aboveCieplice outlettoBóbr outlettoBóbr aboveGrzędzkiPotok 1,00 198,80 3,20 248,00 3,90 2,40 outlettoBóbr ChocianowskaWoda outlettoBóbr aboveBobrzyca 104. Bobrzyca (WłodziceMł.) belowLwówek 15,20 103. Pijawnik abovePilchowiceReservoir (Siedlęcin) 102. 1,00 Wrzosówka Kamienna Góra - 15,30 waterlevelindicator 2,00 101. Kamienna Łomnica 100. 1,00 0,50 1,50 3,00 Radomierka SugarFactory roadsection 99. „Głogów” Rudna–Grębocice below bridgeatthe Lesk 98. Kalinówka aboveMoskorzynkaand Zadrna 97. Bóbr 96. outlettoPolskiRów Bóbr 95. 1,00 1,00 outlettoBarycz Bóbr 94. Łęgoń Bóbr 93. outlettoOrla Barycz(Wąsosz) outletof Kalinówka 92. bridgeinKorzeńsko Rudna 91. 36,60 Rudna 90. ŚląskiRów 89. 0,30 PolskiRów outlettoBarycz 88. outlettoOdra outlettoOrla Kopanica 87. (Wąsosz) 3,30 abovetherivermouthofOrla Wrocławice 0,50 0,20 Masłówka 86. Stawnik(Książęcy) 3,20 Kanał 85. 0,10 3,00 Orla 22,20 84. Orla 83. outlettoOdra outlettoOdra Sąsiecznica 82. 37,50 CzarnaWoda 81. belowtherivermouthof Kopanina 67,00 28,00 39,90 Barycz 80. Barycz outlettoCzarnaWoda 79. 1,70 (Jakuszów) 1,00 outlettoCzarnaWoda 78. Barycz 4,00 outlettoCzarnaWoda 77. 1,00 Jezierzyca outlettoKaczawa Zimnica 76. bridgeinJaroszówka 3,70 Wierzbiak 75. outlettoKaczawa 2,00 Pawłówka(Białynia) outlettoOdra 74. belowBolków(Wolbromek) 0,50 Lubiatówka waterintakeforLegnica 73. 3,50 Skora bridge Krotoszyce 72. Świerzawa CzarnaWoda 3,00 above 71. CzarnaWoda 70. bridge 7,20 Rogów-Malczyce 15,00 NysaSzalona 69. 24,10 NysaSzalona outlettoDobra 68. outlettoOdra Kaczawa 67. outlettoDobra(Olszyca) 0,30 Kaczawa toWidawa 66. outlettoWidawa(Krzyżanowice) outlet 0,20 Kaczawa 47,20 65. Kaczawa (Chrząstawa) 64. toWidawa outlet 10,00 Woda toWidawa Cicha outlet 63. 0,50 bridge ŚredzkaWoda 62. Oleśniczka-LigotaWlk. outlettoOdra RakowskiPotok 61. bridge B.Krzywoustego Topór 60. Przyłęk Cierniesewagetreatmentplant 59. below 64,00 Dobra 58. belowWałbrzych Graniczna 57. outlettoStrzegomka Oleśnica 56. Świerzna outlettoBystrzyca 55. Widawa belowStrzegom 54. Widawa belowtherivermouthofCzyżynka 53. Pełcznica 52. outlettoBystrzyca Pełcznica 51. Czarnucha 50. Strzegomka 49. Strzegomka 48. Strzegomka 47. CzarnaWoda 46. 45. o ie aeNm ftemntrn on Km Nameofthemonitoringpoint Rivername No. as continued Sąsiecznica Żmigródandtherivermouthof above 55,90 Classification ofelements C SS FCH III III III III III III D III PD III PD III III D III III III III III III III III III III III D III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III PD III III III III III III II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II

WATERS Table 3.2. Figure 3.4. lsiiaino ilgcleeet n hscceia lmns ntebsso -rd cl hr ls tnsfrvr odstate. environment: good water very the for for stands harmful I particularly class are where which scale substances 5-grade of of group basis the the from on indicators elements: of physicochemical Classification and elements biological of Classification C hscceia lmns SS elements, physicochemical – FCH 1.Otonc kzsy bre)7,50 9,50 0,50 0,30 135,00 158,00 0,30 10,90 197,00 177,00 Okrzeszyn(border) 0,10 Černousy-Zawidów(waterlevelindicator) 0,30 Łużycka outlettoNysa Łużycka outlettoNysa 42,60 borderpoint Deschka / Pieńsk Ostrożnica aboveZgorzelec 119. CzerwonaWoda Marienthal-Posada 118. Witka outlettoKwisa bordertri-point 117. Miedzianka outlettoKwisa(bridge) 116. Miedzianka aboveKliczkówka(Osieczów) 115. Łużycka Nysa 114. Łużycka outlettoKwisa Nysa 113. Łużycka Nysa 112. Łużycka Nysa 111. Siekierka 110. MiłoszowskiPotok 109. Oldza 108. Kwisa 107. o ie aeNm ftemntrn on Km Nameofthemonitoring point Rivername No. PD Nysa Łużycka D Classification ofphysicochemicalelements 102 - 99 monitoring results). - odsaeadaoego state, above-good and state good 101 bv-odstate above-good 100 Zgorzelec 103 class III class II as continued Classification ofriverqualityelementsintheprovinceLowerSilesia2008(onbasisoperational Lubań 97 98 94 . Jelenia Góra wwkŚl. Lwówek 87 95 96 81

88

- 89 Bóbr Bolesławiec 91 80 niaosfo h ru fsbtne hc r atclryhrflfrtewtrenvironment water the for harmful particularly are which substances of group the from indicators 90 Kamienna Góra 86 93 Złotoryja 84 85

Kaczawa 79 54 55 92 59 Polkowice 104 62 Głogów 82 63 61 58 83 57 56 60 77 Wałbrzych 43 Jawor 13 42 Lubin Legnica 40 64 76 41 78 44 36 Kłodzko 30 31 74 34 65 Góra 35 66 15 Bystrzyca Świdnica 53 Dzierżoniów 37 8 ODRA 75 Nysa Kłodzka 32 68 38 12 rd Śl. Środa 10 Wołów 7 11 9 14 72 33 6 39 73 ąkwc Śl. Ząbkowice WROCŁAW 70 26 Ślęza 16 Strzelin 25 71 Classification ofelements 17 4 67 5 28 52 Trzebnica Barycz 2 C SS FCH 29 III D D III III III III ID II D II II II II II II II 24

Oława 49 27 45 23 Oława 20 18 50 21 51 1 48 Milicz 19 46 22 Oleśnica 3 47

Widawa 69

WATERS category ofwaterqualityprovedthefollowing: category selected pollutionindicatorsinreferencetothe Table 3.3. for drinkingwaspresentedinthefollowingcategories: monitoring points. 20 thousandresidents. drainage basinsabovetheintakessupplyingmorethan has continuedthemonitoringofwatersriver Inspectorate forEnvironmentalProtectioninWroc³aw to supplypeoplewithdrinkingwater, element ofthe Legnica's drinkingwater supply is placed,whichisthebasic “S³up” reservoir Szalona riverswasexamined. OnNysaSzalona,the quality ofthewater KaczawaandNysa bankintake,the the waterdrawnatPrzybków bacteria andtheincreasedamountof state ofthewater–presence obtained resultsprovedthedeteriorationofsanitary A3.Theanalysisofthe corresponded tothecategory phenol index–asintheprecedingyears concentrations ofmanganeseandthevalue Propagation Channelwascarriedout.The the research onthewatersofO³awariverand waterwhichisledintotheCzechnicaintake, surface Nysa K³odzka.Inordertoassessthequalityof river fedwithso-calledpropagationsystemfrom system drawswaterfromtheresources oftheO³awa The analysisoftheresultsresearch on than A3whichcannotbeusedasdrinkingwater. physical andchemicalpurification; and chemicalpurification; purification; to thecategoriesA1andA2. The concentrationvaluesoftheremainingindicatorsreferred In ordertodefine ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ The resultofclassificationwaterqualitysuitable In 2008theresearch wascarriedoutin6 value oftheBOD match anyqualitycategory. Justasinthepreviousyear, the bacteria especially –itwascharacterisedbythenumberof was observed statusoftheriver residents. Onceagainin2008badsanitary andBoguszów-Gorcesupplies waterforWa³brzych o naeDsrc omnt o fihbtnsSuppliedlocations No.ofinhabitants Community District Intake No. .Pzbó enc 0 0 Legnica Podgórzyn,JeleniaGóra,Cieplice JeleniaGóra Górzyniec,Piechowice, 100000 JeleniaGóra 26000 22000 Wrocław 41300 Marciszów Wałbrzych, Boguszów-Gorce, 600000 – StaraKamienica 130000 Podgórzyn Mysłakowice jeleniogórski jeleniogórski Górzyniec jeleniogórski Podgórzyn 6. KamiennaGóra Siechnice Legnica 5. Grabarów kamiennogórski Przybków 4. wrocławski 3. Dębrznik Czechnica 2. 1. Dêbrznik intake–theislocalisedatBóbrriverand Dêbrznik Przybków intake–inorderto assessthequalityof Przybków Czechnica intake–theWroc³awwatersupply waterqualifiedworse ”non” standsforsurface A3 standsforwaterwhichneedshighlyadvanced A2 standsforwaterwhichneedstypicalphysical A1 standsforwaterwhichneedssimplephysical List ofsurfacewaterintakesmonitoredin2008 5 indicator corresponded to the category A3. indicator correspondedtothecategory coli the suitabilityofsurfacewaters bacteria ofthefaecaltype,unfitto coli the Provincial Salmonella bacteria. coli The qualityofgroundwaters contamination ofagriculturalorigin). the areaparticularly threatenedbynitrogen compounds not achievinggoodchemical statusandlocalisedwithin underground waterbodiesbeing atrisk(indangerof and theoperationalmonitoring whichwasappliedto which wasappliedtoallthe underground waterbodies Wroc³aw in2008asapartof thediagnosticmonitoring Provincial InspectorateforEnvironmentalProtectionin underground waterbodieswerecarriedoutbythe monitoring. Theresearches onthechemical stateofthe origin, aretheobjectofundergroundwaters focus ontheareasindangerofpollutionagricultural which areatriskofnotachievinggoodstatus,withits to categoriesA1andA2. type andthenumberof bacteria wasnotfound. In2008,inturn, and A3wasobserved. ofA2 nickel concentrationtothelevelsofcategory the previousyear, theincreaseofmanganeseand of becauseoftheamount A3wasobserved category the watertovalueswhichdonotcorrespond Nysa river. statusof Thedeteriorationofsanitary system aimedtocollectandretainthewatersof including thenumberof A2.Alltheindicators– corresponds tothecategory intake Kamienna riverwhichsuppliestheGórzyniec ƒ The undergroundwaterbodies,includingtheones ƒ ƒ categories A1andA2. year. Theremainingindicatorscorrespondedto bacteria, wasbadincomparisontotheprevious bacteria ofthefaecaltypeandnumber status, assessedonthebasisofnumber discovered herein2005-2006.Inturn,thesanitary did notconfirmthepresenceof researches onBóbrwatersasinthepreviousyear river formunicipalpurposesofJeleniaGóra.The Grabarów inWojanów, wateristakenfromtheBóbr to categoriesA1andA2. also found.Theremainingindicatorscorresponded A3,thepresenceof category the numberof with water. Thewaterswereofbadsanitarystate– Podgórna riversuppliesPodgórzynandJeleniaGóra Górzyniec intake–waterqualityoftheMa³a Górzyniec Grabarów intake–fromthebankof Podgórzyn intake–localisedonthe Podgórzyn coli bacteria ofthefaecaltype.Incomparisonto coli bacteria correspondedtothe coli coli bacteria –corresponded Salmonella bacteria ofthefaecal Salmonella bacteria was Salmonella bacteria coli coli

WATERS Table 3.6. Table 3.4. Photo 3.2. threatened aswell. the OrlariverandRówPolskiwerepotentially underground waterslocatedatthedrainagebasinof waters,shallow nitrogen compoundsinsurface should bereduced.Duetothehighconcentrationof origin andfromwhichoutflowsofnitrogentowaters contamination ofnitrogencompoundsagricultural two regionswhichwereparticularlythreatenedwith by concentrationofnitratesandvaluesreaction. only. Thequalityofthewatersin2008wasdetermined presence ofwatersrepresentinggoodchemicalstate results fromtheautumncollectionhaveshown poor chemicalstate(17%)–classIVandV. Theresearch (83%) –classI,II,IIIoverthewatersrepresenting dominance ofwatersrepresentinggoodchemicalstate chemical stateinspring2008collectionhaveshownthe underground watersatriskofnotachievinggood calcium andreactionvalues. increased ironandsulphatesvaluesdecreased of groundwater(classIV)wascausedmainlyby quality chemical state(classes:I,II,III).Unsatisfactory the 98.5%presenceofwatersrepresentinggood ae ult ls Percentageshare[%] Water qualityclass At theareaofprovinceLowerSilesiathereare The resultsof The resultsof underground watersin2008 Beata Meinhardt) Percentage shareinthe IV III V II I General assessmentofundergroundwaterswithinwater-bearing layersin2008 General assessmentofthequality Underground watercollectionset(photoby quality class IV III V II I diagnostic monitoring operational monitoring utrayp Q etayp T)ceaeu .(r older thancretaceousperiods (Cr) p. cretaceous (Tr) p. tertiary (Q) p. quaternary 23,5 1,5 57 18 23 60 14 0 0 3 have shown of the 28 67 0 0 5 Stratigraphy ofwater-bearinglayers and petroleumsubstances. carbon, reaction,iron,manganese,zinc,nickel,sulphates nitrites, ammoniumion,conductivity, totalorganic determined mainlybynitrates,andfurthermore class IV–22points,inV15points). (in poor chemicalstatusofthewaterswasobserved only. In79%ofthepointslocalisedaround20objects, aroundthefiveobjects (classes I-III)wereobserved these ofbadquality(classV).Waters ofgood quality highquality(classI)to quality: fromthewatersofvery objects intheprovinceofLowerSilesiawerevarious underground watersmonitoredaroundtheselected potential source ofdangertotheenvironment.The underground watersaroundtheobjectsrepresenting Wroc³aw in2008wasappliedtocontrolthequalityof Provincial InspectorateforEnvironmentalProtectionin directly threatenedbycontamination the water-bearing levels. representing goodchemicalstate(classI,II,III)inall 2008 hasshownthesignificantdominanceofwaters quality intheconfigurationofwater-bearing layersin undergroundwaters rocks. Theassessmentofordinary cretaceous, trias,perm,carbonandpalaeozoiccrystal water-bearing zonesoftheperiods:quaternary, tertiary, Lower Silesiatheresearch wasmadeonwatersof nitrogen weretheindicatorsdecreasingquality. Ammonium nitrogen,nitratenitrogenandnitrite compounds contaminationabove30mgNO remaining monitoringpointsdonotpresentnitrogen NO ¯migródcommunity(in2006–75.3mg Korzeñsko, that thehighestvaluesofcontaminationarelocatedin contamination ofagriculturalorigin,itwasobserved acknowledged tobesensitivenitrogencompounds province ofLowerSilesiain2006-2008thearea Table 3.5. Water qualityclass 3 The classificationofwaterstotheclassIVandVwas The monitoringofundergroundwaters In thehydro-geologicalprofileofprovince On thebasisofresearches carriedoutwithinthe l) and in Œwiniary (34.7mgNO l) andinŒwiniary failure toachievegoodchemicalstatein2008 IV III V II I Assessment ofundergroundwatersatrisk 25 50 25 0 0 s pigclet n uuncollect 2ndautumn collect. 1st spring 17 33 50 0 0 Percentage share[%] 14 29 57 0 0 3 conducted bythe /l in2007).The in theareas 50 33 17 0 0 3 /l.

WATERS Figure 3.5. Localisation of ground waters monitoring points in the province of Lower Silesia in 2008 against the water bodies boundaries.

Diagnostic monitoring JCWPd 71 1. Bierutów 49. Bolesławiec Other monitoring of underground waters 102 37 JCWPd 66 2. Bychowo 50. Czerwona Woda 96. Bychowo 33 75 3. Kąty Wrocławskie 51. Gorzeszów 97. Serby 97 42 79 18 4. Ludów Polski - Górzec 52. Janiszów 98. Lądek Zdrój/Brzezinka 83 104 81 5. Nadolice Wielkie 53. Kowary Górne 99. Kłodzko JCWPd 70 48 54. Krzeszówek 45 84 85 77 6. Piekary 100. Stare Jaroszowice 88 80 86 76 55. Lwówek Śląski 45 78 7. Smardzów 101. Węgliniec 19 87 8. Sosnówka/Brzezinka 56. Marciszów Dolny 46 JCWPd 74 73 102. Leśna Dolina 41 9. Szczepanów 57. Osieczów 103. Pisarzowice 96 82 34 72 10. Św. Katarzyna 58. Pieńsk 104. Góra 60 43 2 11. Wojczyce 59. Pisarzowice 105. Jodłownik 38 12. Trzebnica 60. Ruszów 57 JCWPd 69 14 JCWPd 76 13. Jordanów Śląski 61. Sosnówka 101 64 35 58 49 39 12 14. Wołów - Uskorz Mały 62. Stara Kraśnica 17 8 15 15. Syców 63. Stare Jaroszowice 95 50 JCWPd 75 16 JCWPd 88 100 16. Oborniki Śląskie - Wilczyn 64. Węgliniec 9 7 68 63 17. Oborniki Śląskie - Wilczyn 65. Wierzchosławice Dolne 92 59 JCWPd 91 36 20 18. Góra 66. Wojcieszów 55 11 JCWPd 93 47 19. Płoski 67. Zawidów 90 1 20. Wrocław-Leśnica 68. Zgorzelec 67 5 21. Kamieniec Ząbkowicki 94 JCWPd 92 3 62 44 10 6 22. Kiełczyn Operational monitoring JCWPd 89 23. Kłodzko Underground Water Bodies with threatened status 66 JCWPd 114 24. Międzylesie 90. Radzimów 91 93 JCWPd 90 65 25. Młoty 91. Opolno Zdrój 31 26. Polanica - Nowy Wielisław 92. Jerzmanki 13 27. Świdnica 56 27 93. Bogatynia 61 103 28. Unisław Śląski 53 22 4 94. Zawidów JCWPd 112 29. Radków 52 95. Pieńsk 30. Lądek Zdrój/Brzezinka 54 28 31. Wierzbna 51 „Nitrate” monitoring at Particularly Threatened Area 32. Jodłownik 105 JCWPd 113 72. Bukałowo 33. Brzeg Głogowski 32 34. Chocianów 73. Henrykowice 75. Czernina 35. Jaroszówka 36. Krotoszyce 76. Gądkowice Operational monitoring of Underground Water Bodies with threatened status 29 21 37. Leśna Dolina 77. Jankowa „Nitrate” monitoring at Particularly Threatened Area 78. Korzeńsko 38. Osiek Diagnostic monitoring JCWPd 110 99 23 39. Lisowice 79. Miechów Other monitoring of underground waters 26 40. Przemków 80. Świniary - Borowno 41. Rynarcice 81. Nowy Folwark Boundaries of Underground Body Bodies 30 42. Serby 82. Pracze 24 43. Ścinawa 83. Rudna Wielka Underground Water Bodies with threatened status 98 JCWPd 111 44. Paszowice 84. Ryczeń Underground Water Bodies - JCWPd 88 / JCWPd 89 45. Wilczyn 85. Pakosławsko 46. Wilkocin 86. Grzebielin 25 47. Wilków 87. Brzezina Sułowska 48. Żabice/Rzeczyca 88. Świniary Figure 3.6. Euthrophisation ofsurfacewaters waste disposedtowaterscomesfromdetergentsusedin concentration aswellmassalgaedevelopment. and phosphoruscontent,decreaseofdissolvedoxygen suchas,amongothers,theincreaseofnitrogen observed unfavourable changesinthewaterecosystemscanbe the atmosphere(rainfall)isalsoofsomesignificance. including farming.Theintakeofbiogenicsubstancesfrom waste, bothmunicipalandindustrialaswellagriculture, compounds. Thesources of thesecompoundsinclude biogenic compounds,i.e.phosphorusandnitrogen of waters,iscausedbypenetrationexcessiveload 25. CommunaldumpingsiteinSiedlęcin 24. CommunaldumpingsiteinLubomierz 23. CommunaldumpingsiteinKostrzyca(Mysłakowicecommunity) (Bolesławieccommunity) Trzebień 22. Communaldumpingsitein 21. Węgliniec RailwayStation(Węgliniec community) AirportinKrzywa(Gromadkacommunity) 20. 19 CommunaldumpingsiteinZłotyStoktown 18. CommunaldumpingsiteinStrąkowatown(KamieniecZąbkowickicommunity) Ltd.Warsaw, PetrolStationNo.10inKawice „Naftobazy” 17. 16. CommunaldumpingsiteinGrabik,Gaworzycecommunity 15. CommunaldumpingsiteinLegnica – JSC “PolskaMiedź” 14. KGHM CopperWorks “Głogów” – JSC “PolskaMiedź” 13. KGHM 12. CommunaldumpingsiteforDziadowaKłoda Śl.inWojczyce Środa 11. Communaldumpingsitefor ŻmigródinGatka 10. Communaldumpingsitefor inGolędzinów 9. BorewastedumpingsiteinWronów (Niechlówcommunity) inMiennicetown inStaryWiązów 8. Wrocław water-bearingareas town(Oławacommunity) Treatment Works inGać 7. Waste inSośnica Śl. 6. CommunaldumpingsiteforOborniki 5. CommunaldumpingsiteforWiszniaMała 4. CommunaldumpingsiteVKNPolandforSulęcintown(Św. Katarzyna 3. CommunaldumpingsiteforKątyWrocławskie 2. CommunaldumpingsiteforWiązów 1. CommunaldumpingsiteforKobierzycecommunityinCieszyce in Jakubowo Industrial dumpingsiteattheareaofpit-shaft Polkowice-Sieroszowice MiningWorks - in Głogów-IndustrialdumpingsiteBiechów in StradomiaDolna It isassumedthatabouthalfofthephosphorusin As theresultofprocesseseuthrophisation, Euthrophisation, inotherwordsincreasethefertility contamination inthemonitoredpointsprovinceofLowerSilesia2008 Assessment ofthechemicalstateundergroundwatersinareasdirectlythreatenedwith community andtown Photo 3.3. community community community B³achuta) (photo byMicha³ Biological research Zgorzelec The exceededindicators: W polycyclicaromatichydrocarbons – WWA oilsubtrances – SR totalorganiccarbon – OWO electroliticconductivity – eP nickel – chlorides Ni – sulphates Cl – SO zinc – manganeseZn iron – – Mn ammoniumionFe – nitrates – NH nitritesNO – No 32 4 4 class IV-V unsatisfactorywaterconditions) class I-III(goodwaterconditions) monitoring points community) Lubań 21 SR Bolesławiec 24 wwkŚl. Lwówek Jelenia Góra H–reaction – pH 22 Zn pH 25 Złotoryja 23 Kamienna Góra made onorganicandbiogeniccompounds,hasshownthat: drawn upmainlyonthebasisofresultsresearch 2007. Theanalysisoftheeuthrophisationoccurrence, on thebasisofresultsresearch madein2004- years. Themonitoringwasmadein2008forthefirsttime 4 waterseuthrophisationevery monitoring ofinlandsurface According tolegalregulations,thePIEPconducts thereby theirhighconcentrationintheatmosphericrainfall. increased emissionofnitrogenoxidetotheatmosphereand the areaofdrainagebasins.Anothersource referstothe fertilisation ofarablelandsaswellfromanimalfarmingat increased erosionindrainagebasins. agent isalsorelatedtotheintensificationoffertilisationand households andindustry. Theamountofthis biogenic WWA SR 20 OWO NO Polkowice 3 all themonitored indicators). of thephenomenoneuthrophisation (exceedanceof agricultural originprovidedevidence totheoccurrence sensitive tonitrogencompounds contaminationof for theresearch attheareasacknowledged tobe ƒ monitoring points; inanyofthe euthrophisation wasnotobserved ƒ points; of theeuthrophisationinlargestnumberriver the indicatorswhichmostlyinfluencedoccurrence ƒ monitored in2004–2007; monitoring pointswithintheprovinceofLowerSilesia, ƒ In turn,over50%ofnitrogencompoundscomesfrom 16 Ni the research resultsin5monitoringpoints selected total phosphorusandKjeldahl's nitrogenwere in59%oftheriver the euthrophisationwasobserved in Odra–thelargelowlandriver eP OWO 14 NH NO NO eP OWO 13 4 2 3 Głogów 15 Wałbrzych Jawor Lubin Legnica Świdnica WWA SR OWO Kłodzko 17 SO NO 9 4 3 Dzierżoniów ąkwc Śl. Ząbkowice rd Śl. Środa Wołów Góra 11 NO 3 3 NO NO eP OWO 18 19 Wrocław 3 3 1 6 NO NH NO eP WWA OWO Strzelin NO 10 5 3 4 3 Trzebnica 3 8 NO 4 2 3 Oława Milicz Fe Mn NH 7 Oleśnica NO 4 3 12 NO 3

WATERS Figure 3.7. Diagram 3.6. Ammonium nitrogen A chlorophyll “A” 22%

Symbols: Nysa £u¿ycka euthrophisation doesnotoccur 100% uhohsto occurs euthrophisation occur not does euthrophisation 78% Zgorzelec Euthrophisation occurrenceintheriverpointsmonitored2004–2007 Lubañ The rangeofeuthrophisationoccurrenceforparticularindicatorswaterquality (diatomaceous indicator) Phyto-phytobenthos Kjeldahl's nitrogen wwkŒl. Lwówek 31% eei Góra Jelenia 81%

19% 69% Bóbr Boles³awiec ainaGóra Kamienna Polkowice Nitrate nitrogen 30% Z³otoryja Kaczawa 21% oxygen Diluted G³ogów euthrophisation occurs 79% 70% Lubin Wa³brzych Jawor Legnica Total nitrogen K³odzko 26% 15% Dzier¿oniów BOD Bystrzyca rd Œl. Œroda 85% ODRA Œwidnica 74% Góra 5 Nysa K³odzka Wo³ów

¹kwc Œl. Z¹bkowice Œlêza Total phosphorus 34% Strzelin Total organic 12% WROC£AW carbon Barycz

O³awa 88% 66% Trzebnica O³awa Milicz ASSESSMENT 59%

Widawa GENERAL Oleœnica 41%

WATERS REACTIONS Diagram 3.7. has alsoconsecutivelyrisen. number ofresidentswhobenefitfromtreatmentplants cityortownandinmanycommunitycentres.The every significantly risen,whichareinoperationpractically amount ofwaterusedforindustrialpurposes. water circulations) contributestoreductionofthe technologies (water-economical processes,closed management. environment byregulatingthewastedisposal reduction ofinfluencepollutantsontothe on theeconomicalusageofwaterresources andthe aimed atimprovingthequalityofwatersfocusmainly andundergroundwaterresources. surface lowers thepotentialandrealthreatsofdegradation number ofsources andthevolumeofcontamination measures undertakeninPoland.Reductionofthe wide-spread actionsrelatedtoenvironmentalprotective years providesevidencetotheeffectivenessof intherecent physicochemical indicatorsobserved No. of communal waste plants

No. of industrial 100 waste120 plants140 160 180 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 Recently thenumberofwastetreatmentplantshas Implementation ofnew, environmentally-friendly The measurestakenintheprovinceofLowerSilesia The improvementofwaterqualityinreferenceto 20 40 60 80 20 40 60 80 0 0 province ofLowerSilesia(source:CSO) Waste treatmentplants: 1991 13 56

1991 no data chemical mechanical 1992 1992 14 56

1993 1993 14 62 Number oftreatmentplantsinthe 1994 1994 16 66 1995 55 67 20 1995 14 88 1996 63 75 22 1996 13 99 4 1997 66 78 22 1997 9 129 9 1998 60 80 19 1998 8 145 18 biological increased removal ofbioagents 1999 52 67 18 1999 8 159 21 2000 45 66 20 2000 4 165 31 2001 37 73 19 2001 3 157 44 2002 31 67 20 2002 1 144 52 2003 21 58 18 2003 1 138 57 2004 21 47 20 2 2004 1 141 57 2005 21 50 21 2 2005 1 142 59 2006 22 44 20 2 2006 1 141 58 2007 18 46 19 3 2007 1 142 60 2008 21 45 19 3 2008 1 135 67 / townandvillage inhabitantsusingtreatment plantsis population. the nationalaverageofbarely about62%ofthe treatment plantswasequalnearly to76%comparing inhabitants intheprovince ofLowerSilesiausing -stated investmentactions.In2008thepercentage of from treatmentplantswastheresultofabove is ofgreatimportance. the developmentofKarkonoskiCanalisationSystem nearby, thetreatmentplantbuiltinMys³akowiceand the KarkonoskiNationalParkandplacessituated D³ugo³êka treatmentplantisscheduledfor2009. carried out.Finalisationofmodernisationworksthe Jugowice andBoguszów-Gorce treatmentplantswere was finishedandthemodernisationworksinCiernie, the modernisationofDzier¿oniówtreatmentplant new treatmentplantinŒwieradówZdrój(2007).In2008 Góra (2007),Boles³awiecBielawa(2007)anda modernised andextendedtreatmentplantsinJelenia commissioned foruseintherecentperiodinclude are inoperation. in placeswherenewandunder-loaded treatmentplants development ofcombinedsewersystems,particularly andŒwidnicka. Dzier¿oniowska Wa³brzyska, cases oflargeagglomerations,suchasJeleniogórska, plants wascarriedout.Itsubstantialespeciallyin modernisation anddevelopmentofmanytreatment Programme ofMunicipalWaste Water Treatment”, Wroc³aw seweragesystem. local treatmentplantsaswelldevelopmentofthe located intheirrigationfieldsandshut-downofsmall offload oftheoldandinefficientwastetreatmentplant living conditionsoftheinhabitants.Itenabledagradual only thequalityofwatersbutalsoimprovement was oneofthemostimportantprojectsinfluencingnot plant in2002withitscapacityequalto90000m increased levelofremovalbiogenicagent. the inhabitantsarepurifiedintreatmentplantswith been favourablychanging–wastesfromoverhalfof – withincreasedremovalofbiogenicagents). (including 92biologicalwastetreatmentplantsand22 thereare114wastetreatmentplants countryside increased removalofbiogenicagents).Theninthe plants (including50biologicalonesand38with by89wastetreatment of theprovince)areserviced A significantdistinctionbetween thenumberofcity The increaseinthenumberofpeoplebenefiting For theprotectionofvaluablenaturalareas Some ofthemostimportantinvestments Within thestated-aboveProgramme,buildingand Within theimplementationof“National Activation oftheWroc³aw-Janówekwastetreatment The characterandtechnologyofwastedisposalhas At present88citiesandtowns(outof91atthearea 3 /d

WATERS ground waters bydecreasingthemassofstored waste. haveanindirectinfluenceontheprotectionof recovery a goodexample.Selective wastecollectionand storage inMarcinowice (Trzebnica community) canbe the storageareainJaszyce anddevelopmentofnew protection ofgroundwater resources. Theclosureof of newonessealedupwithPEHDfoilcontributetothe actions. prove theeffectivenessofrecovery fertilisers aswellconductingmonitoringresearch to fertilisation plansandplacesofstoragenatural implementation oftheprogramme,controlling of theOrlariver. ThePIEPinWroc³awtakespartthe set upinthe¯migródcommunitydrainagebasin particularly vulnerabletopollution. another repairprogrammewasdrawnupfortheareas set thedirectionsforactionslimitingnitrogenrunoff, from agriculturalsources werecontinued.Inorderto CokeWorksJSC and“Victoria”Wa³brzych JSC. were carriedoutforexampleinKGHM“PolskaMiedŸ” them tothetechnologicalprocesses.Suchactions them attheareaofplantandrecyclingapart to reducetheamountofdisposedwastebypurifying village development. especially intheconditionsofdominantscattered system andinvestingincollectivetreatmentplants, expensivesewerage alternative todevelopingvery small individualhomesteadtreatmentplantsisthe areas, itshouldbetakenintoaccountthatbuildingof percentage wasequal27.9%only. this used treatmentplants,whereasinthecountryside city /towninhabitantsoftheprovinceLowerSilesia also worthmentioning.95.9%ofthewholenumber Photo 3.4. The closureofoldwastestoragesanddevelopment Within theprovinceofLowerSilesiasuchareawas In 2008,actionsaimedatlimitingnitrogenrunoff In industrialworksandplants,measuresweretaken When analysingthesanitationstatusofrural Wroc³aw) Archives ofMPWiKLtd.in blocks (photofromthe treatment plant–biological Wroc³aw Janówek

Population using waste treatment plants Diagram 3.8. 1 000 1 500000 2 000 2 500000 3 000 500 000 (source: CSO) Silesia usingtreatmentplantsin1998–2000 Waste treatmentplants: 0 with increasedremoval ofbiogenicagents mechanical biological

1998 The populationoftheprovinceLower 1999 2000

2001 2002

population oftheprovince 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

WATERS Diagram 3.9. extension ofwatersupply sewage treatmentplants sewage treatmentplants water supplysystems water supplysystems and sewagesystems sewage systemsand with participationof modernisation and documentation for in 2008(source:PFEPWMWroc³aw) management andwaterprotectioncommissioned Wroc³aw forthetasksinfieldofwaste sewage systems modernisation of sewage systems renovation of building and Financial supportprovidedbyPFEPWMin building building building 699,5 400,0

972,5 0 2 062,1 4 098,7 8 237,7 7 107,4 13 920,0 20 000 21 262,0 23 296,7 k PLN 40 000 Total subsidy Task value 48 536,0 from PFEPWM 60 000

80 000 95 639,1 100 000

120 000 capacity enlargedto1050.0m use and2treatmentplantsweremodernisedwiththeir 1369.5 m homestead treatmentplantswiththeirtotalcapacityof PFEPWM, 4newly-builtmunicipaltreatmentplants,7 systems. 19.08% fortreatmentplantstogetherwithsewerage waste managementandwaterprotection,including expenseswereallocatedtotheobjectivesof statutory improving thequalityofwaters.In2008,49% source offinancialsupportforactions aimedat and Water ManagementinWroc³awistherelevant the financialsupportoffundin2008include: management andwaterprotectionimplementedwith carried out. canalsof1.0kminlengthwas Renovation ofsanitary locations, including197.5kminthecountryside. 250.7 kilometresofseweragesystemwerebuiltin39 in Pêc³aw, Lubi¹¿, and Bardzkiemountains). community ofNowaRuda(protectiontheSowie community, sewage treatmentplant, ƒ ƒ In 2008,thankstothefinancialsupportof The ProvincialFundforEnvironmentalProtection ƒ ƒ ƒ The mostsignificantobjectivesinthefieldofwaste building ofherbalandsoilsewagetreatmentplant building ofhousingsewagetreatmentplantin building oftechnicalinfrastructureinthevillage building ofsewagetreatmentplantintheKroœnice development andmodernisationofDzier¿oniów 3 /d. werecompletedandcommissionedfor Photo 3.5. by ZbigniewMorawski) of theMa³aŒlêzariver(photo taken againstcontamination Intervention actions Intervention 3 /d. In31communities

WATERS