Winning in the Workplace

HOW DO YOU CREATE A WINNING WORKPLACE? BUROHAPPOLD ENGINEERING

HOW DO YOU CREATE A WINNING WORKPLACE? 3

WHY IS HEALTH, WELLBEING AND PRODUCTIVITY IMPORTANT? 4

WHAT INDUSTRY LEADERS THOUGHT 9

OUR PROJECT EXAMPLES 18

SO WHAT CAN YOU DO? 26

TALK TO US 29

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How do you create a winning workplace?

In today’s economic climate competition for talent employees, and in doing so drive real business is fierce, with businesses vying with one another at benefits. Duncan Price, Director of Sustainability, local, national and global levels. Turbulent markets then shared the work his team is undertaking to add further pressure, demanding companies to close the performance gap with winning workplace forge resilience against the complex national and design. international conditions in which they operate. In the lead up to this event, we sent a survey So how can organisations respond to these out to industry leaders to help us gain an challenges? Our series of Winning in the understanding of the issues facing them. The Workplace events explores this question through results of this survey are summarised in this inviting a group of industry leaders to join us to document, alongside insights from our research discuss how businesses can gain the competitive and specific project examples that outline the key edge by creating an inspiring work environment steps that you can take to improve your workplace that will not only attract the best people, but also for people, planet and profit. enable them to thrive.

Our first event focused on how health, wellbeing and productivity come together within the workplace. Phil Hampshire, who leads BuroHappold’s research into this area, shared #WinningWorkplace insights that support the business case for change. He also highlighted tangible ways in which workplace design can deliver better spaces for

3 HOW DO YOU CREATE A WINNING WORKPLACE? BUROHAPPOLD ENGINEERING

WHY IS HEALTH, WELLBEING AND PRODUCTIVITY IMPORTANT?

The evidence base for the benefits of designing for health, wellbeing and productivity is strong and growing. Many industry reports have emerged over recent years which show a growing interest of links between the happiness of the workforce and the profit margins of the business.

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DRIVERS FOR CHANGE: THE GROWING MOMENTUM FOR CHANGE ACROSS THE INDUSTRY

The documents shown below demonstrate the links between environmental factors and improved health, wellbeing and productivity of staff. We have contributed to seminal UKGBC reports on Health, Wellbeing and Productivity in Offices. The follow up report on the subject in Retail. We also were amongst the first organisations to have WELL Accredited Professionals (WELL AP).

WGBC (2013) Business Case for Green Building. Delos (2014) The WELL Building Standard. WGBC (2014) Health, Wellbeing and Productivity in Offices. WGBC (2016) Health and Wellbeing in Homes. WGBC (2016) Health, Wellbeing and Productivity in Retail. WGBC (2016) Building the Business Case.

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HEALTH MATTERS: THE LINK BETWEEN HEALTH AND MEAN LIFE SATISFACTION

The links between health and life satisfaction are shown in the graph on the left taken from the 100 British Medical Journal. This demonstrates a strong New Zealand 90 statistical relationship between health and life Canada Australia satisfaction. Switzerland 80 Israel UK Iceland OECD average Norway 70

Hungary Poland Finland 60 Estonia R2 = 0.6231 50 Portugal

40 Korea

30 Japan

Percentage rating health as ‘good’ and ‘better’ rating health as ‘good’ Percentage 10 Reference: British Medical Journal, Association between self assessed good health and life satisfaction in selected countries 0 in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 (OECD), 20147 – ONS. Measuring national well-being: international comparisons: 2015. Mean life satisfaction rating (out of 10)

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UP TO 90% OF BUSINESS COSTS CAN BE STAFF COSTS. COULD PRODUCTIVITY INSPIRED BY THE WORKPLACE DOUBLE PROFIT?

2x Profit When you consider that staff costs typically make up 90% of a business’ expenditure, Poland it’s easy to see how improved workforce Estonia productivity could result in significant financial benefits. In the simplified example on the left, if a business makes 10% profit, FOCUS ON 90% Staff INCOME improving staff productivity by 10% could HEALTH Korea WELLBEING potentially double profits. As part of the PRODUCTIVITY discussion at our first Winning in the Workplace event, we looked at some of the links between various environmental factors, 9% Rent and used case studies to explore whether this 1% Energy increase would be possible in reality.

Costs Income

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THE EVIDENCE BASE: SUMMARY OF THE IMPACT OF VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON PRODUCTIVITY

Although many environmental factors can have an impact on productivity, a few in particular have 40% 20 been shown to result in double digit improvements. 18 This clearly demonstrates the significance 16 14 and importance of designing the right kind of 12 workspaces. To date, however, most research looks 10 8 at these factors in isolation, so the concept of 6 addressing them together through integrated design 4 % IMPROVED PRODUCTIVITY 2 opens up an exciting area for further investigation. 0

BuroHappold decided to plug this gap by NLB (1991) Katzev (1992) Katzev Sundell (1996) Figueiro (2002) Rowe, D. (2002) commissioning doctoral research (Keeling 2016) Wargocki (1998) Pape, W.R. (1998) Wyon et al(1996) Wyon, P. D. (1974) Milton et al. (2000) al. et Milton Witterseh, Witterseh, (2001)T Kroner et al. (1992) Thayer, B. M. (1995) Hedge et al(1995) - Bauman et al. (1997) et al. Bauman Menzies et al. (1997) Hedge et al(1995B) - to develop a holistic set of parameters to evaluate Wargocki et al. (2000) Lagercrantz et al. (2000) Fisk & Rosenfield (1997) Heschon/Mahone (1999b) Heschong/Mahone (1999a)Heschong/Mahone Sterling and Seterling (1983) and monitor indoor environmental quality. This Jakkola& Miettienien (1995) Nicklas, M. H. G B (1996)Bailey Nicklas, M. and G. (1996)Bailey research finished in 2016 and identified a number of Romm, Browning, J.J; (1994)W.D. TEMPERATURE IMPROVED AIR QUALITY LIGHTING SYSTEM QUALITY ACCESS TO THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT solutions for key problems such as the combination of multiple variables and the assessment of more qualitative aspects of IEQ such as privacy and views Keeling (2016) Developing a holistic set of parameters to evaluate and out. This has helped shape a number of the tools monitor indoor environmental quality, EngD Thesis. and approaches we use to optimise projects for wellbeing and productivity.

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WHAT INDUSTRY LEADERS THINK

We wanted to know what industry leaders perceived to be the challenges facing them around the subject of the workplace. To achieve this, we surveyed those who were invited to this event, and more than half (80 people) responded.

Our questions centred around three key themes:

1. What individuals and 2. How people felt that 3. What they saw to be organisations thought were their current workplace barriers to delivering better the most important aspects compared against these workplaces of a workplace ideals

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Important factors: individuals vs. organisations

Ranking the answers to our survey produced some fascinating results. Factors that respondents felt their organisations considered most important were financial performance, workforce productivity, and a talented workforce. Individuals rated employee satisfaction, happiness and health as top priorities.

Importance to your Importance to you Gap organisation Financial performance 1 4 -3 Productivity 2 5 -3 A talented work force 3 6 -3 Brand 4 10 -6 Being prepared for change and future challenges 5 7 -2 Employee Happiness 6 2 +4 Employee Job satisfaction 7 1 +6 Health 8 3 +5 Sustainability and the environment 9 9 0 Having a positive social impact 10 8 +2

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MIND THE GAP: OVERALL RANKING OF IMPORTANCE OF VARIOUS FACTORS WITH RESPECT TO THE ORGANISATION AND INDIVIDUALS Job satisfaction was perceived as important These results highlight a significant difference Interestingly, factors such as sustainability and the for individuals but between what people think their companies want, environment, and having a positive social impact, and what they value as employees. Job satisfaction scored low for both organisations and individuals. not organisations, was perceived as important for individuals but In our second presentation of the evening, not organisations, while brand was seen as Duncan Price highlighted the links between while brand was important to businesses but was least important these two areas and the financial performance for individuals. This insight informed the first of of businesses, and in doing so illustrated the seen as important to our two presentations, in which Phil Hampshire importance of addressing such issues. businesses but was demonstrated how health, happiness and job satisfaction are as vital to an organisation as least important for financial performance, productivity and attracting a talented workforce. individuals.

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What industry leaders think about their workplace

When we dug deeper and asked how well the attendees thought their workplace fulfils certain criteria, the results got even more interesting.

embodies my company’s brand

contributes to my job satisfaction

is comfortable

helps attract good staff

is inspirational

is prepared for change and future challenges

improves my productivity

is healthy

is expensive to run

is sustainable

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Strongly Agree Agree Neither agree / disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree

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HOW INDUSTRY LEADERS RESPONDED TO, THE STATEMENT, “MY WORKPLACE IS…” RANKED BY % OF STRONGLY AGREE AND AGREE

Almost 70% of respondents said that their surroundings contributed to their sense of wellbeing.

Seventy-five percent of people who responded sense of wellbeing. Things took a turn for the is sustainable – placing it bottom in terms of agreed that their workplace embodied the worse, however, when less than half agreed that importance from an individual perspective and company brand. Yet this is not in the top 3 their workplace was inspirational – a key factor in how people actually felt their workplace was priorities for organisations, as perceived by attracting top talent – and fewer still thought their performing. those who work for them, and it is also the least workplace improved their productivity. Less than important consideration for individuals. 45% considered their workplace to be healthy. While financial performance was rated as the most The link between workplace and job satisfaction important factor to organisations, almost 40% was demonstrated by almost 70% of respondents considered their workplace to be expensive to run. saying that their surroundings contributed to their In addition, only 30% agreed that their workplace

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Barriers to delivering a better workplace

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Emerging as the most prominent barrier among progress, shared a combination of findings from our respondents was an ‘unclear business case our research and case studies that demonstrate and perceived higher capital costs’, with more the business case for designing for health, than 85% highlighting this as an issue. Given wellbeing and productivity. the seniority of the people attending our event, this result seem particularly pertinent to driving

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The second biggest barrier identified was ‘value More than 60% considered the ‘fragmented engineering without consideration of how reducing industry and lack of integrated design’ as a costs impacts on performance’, closely followed barrier, which is closely linked to more than half by ‘lack of clear targets and objectives from agreeing that there is generally a ‘lack of industry clients’. This echoed the work that BuroHappold knowledge and skills within the industry to deliver undertook with the UKGBC, titled Delivering better’. While only 40% of people considered the Building Performance, in which we interviewed ‘limitations of regulations and rating schemes industry leaders from a range of organisations as a barrier’, this area also showed the most to understand their perspectives on improving uncertainty, which suggests a general lack of building performance. understanding around this issue.

A large percentage of leaders felt that ‘lack of feedback on the in-use performance of buildings’ (75%) and ‘systems not being set-up and tested correctly’ (66%) were also issues, and both speakers at this event consider these 75% areas to be key to delivering buildings that close of leaders felt that lack the performance gap between as intended of feedback on the in-use performance at the design stage and performance performance of buildings was in operation. a barrier to creating a better workplace. UKGBC (2016) Delivering Building Performance

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How to design for health, wellbeing and productivity

The evidence that links building design ELEMENT ENVIRONMENT EXPERIENCE ECONOMICS can sometimes be overwhelming, other times it seems to just focus on a small Site part of the puzzle. At BuroHappold we Massing Air Quality have developed a knowledge framework Orientation Thermal Comfort Health to help us place and categorise evidence. This involves considering how Building Form Light Wellbeing Economics Elements of design and operation effect Facade Noise/Acoustics Productivity

Environments, which in turn impact Room Proportions Views Experience and Economics. Holistic Ventilation Strategy Biophilia consideration across the four Es is key to Constructions successfully delivering environmentally conscious places and spaces that benefit Lighting people and organisations. This thorough understanding of the evidence and how it fits together helps us develop project specific approaches that ensure wellbeing and productivity is integrated into all the work we do.

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Simply click each image to reveal how our research supports this framework across the 9 environmental factors we developed in collaboration with the UKGBC.

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OUR PROJECT EXAMPLES

Here at BuroHappold, we believe in being scientific and evidence based. That is why we have put together the six case studies below to demonstrate how the ELEMENTS of design lead to great ENVIRONMENTS, which create great EXPERIENCES for people while also being kind to the planet. Taken together, these components create a winning workplace that gives businesses a competitive edge, boosts brand image, improves ECONOMIC performance and offers long term resilience.

18 Morphosis Studio, Culver City, CA, USA City, Culver Studio, Morphosis

Image: Iwan Baan

19 The David Attenborough BuildingUniversity of Cambridge of BuildingUniversity Attenborough David The

20 One Angel Suqare, Manchester, UK Manchester, Angel Suqare, One

Image: IwanPalin ImagesBaan

21 The Tower at PNC Plaza, Pittsburgh, PA, USA PA, at PNC Plaza, Pittsburgh, Tower The

Image: IwanConnie Baan Zhou

22 Genzyme Headquarters, Cambridge, MA, USA Genzyme Headquarters,

Image: IwanAnton Baan Grassl

23 Wessex Water, Bath, UK Bath, Water, Wessex

Image: IwanBuroHappold Baan Engineering / Mandy Reynolds

24 Shimoga Processing Centre, India Centre, Processing Shimoga

Image: IwanChadwick Baan Internation

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SO WHAT CAN YOU DO?

There are 6 key areas that we believe are important to get right when designing and delivering better workplaces for people.

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1 2 3

BUILD HEALTH, USE RESEARCH TO CREATE AN INTEGRATED WELLBEING AND INFORM YOUR DESIGN TEAM. PRODUCTIVITY IN BUSINESS CASE. No one business or discipline can provide all the FROM THE START. As discussed during our Winning in the Workplace solutions when designing better workplaces, as Clear briefs that ask for the right things are event, there is a significant and growing body of by necessity the concept merges technical and imperative to inspire and direct a team to deliver research demonstrating the business benefits of social elements, data and emotional intelligence. something special. This requires input from designing for health, wellbeing and productivity. Because of this, it is important to bring together stakeholders and all the members of the design This is reinforced through an emerging number of a team that understands these relationships and team. A brief that aims to meet only minimum case studies. Both research and evidence based the value of their individual and collective roles. standards is not going to drive a design that goes case studies can be used and both tools can be They also need to be bold enough to challenge the above and beyond to create a great workplace. used to develop a business case for change in your norms in order to drive designs that truly deliver organisation or workplace. workplaces fit for the future.

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4 5 6

CHALLENGE USE THE POWER OF VIEW EVERY PROJECT CONVENTION. PARAMETRIC DESIGN. AS A LEARNING OPPORTUNITY. Many current building standards don’t go far Computational capabilities have moved on enough, aiming simply to create workplaces that significantly in the last 5 years, allowing us to Buildings are, by their very nature, prototypes don’t have a detrimental effect on human health test large numbers of design options quickly – designed for a specific use on a bespoke site. as opposed to ones that actively enable people to understand their implications. These include That is why we believe each project that we tackle and businesses to flourish. These standards need aspects such as orientation, facade configuration, offers a learning opportunity, so it is important to to be challenged. Adopting emerging guidelines, system type and interior layout, as well as go back and monitor performance when people such as the WELL Building Standard, may offer environment factors like daylight, thermal are actually working in the building. Through real benefits for organisations. We encourage comfort and air quality. Now, we can go one step talking to the occupiers, we can make tweaks an open discussion about how such standards further and use parametric design to consider that will improve the operation of the building can be integrated within the brief to deliver an how these elements will impact people’s health, throughout the lifespan of our design. Or, if you outstanding work environment. wellbeing and productivity to gain a more in- are in the initial stages of planning an office move, depth understanding of how design can improve take the time to ask your employees what they organisational performance. think about their existing facility, and use their responses to inform the brief for your project and develop a stronger case for change.

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TALK TO US

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Andy Keelin BEng MIMechE CEng MCIBSE Low Carbon Consultant Director and Head of Commercial Sector, BuroHappold Engineering

Andrew is a multi-disciplinary engineer with a between the design performance of buildings and into the link between good building design and diverse background in providing environmental the actual performance in use. He has lectured productivity. He led the 2013 study for the GLA design and consultancy advice at building, in environmental design and sustainability to looking at the energy needs of the capital to 2050 masterplanning and policy levels. He is a partner architects in Cambridge and the University of and how these could be met by renewable energy at BuroHappold and is the global sector leader Westminster and is a regular contributor to sources and the barriers to implementation. for commercial development. He has led industry events such as Eco build and Open City. He is a strong advocate of the power of integrated the delivery of major projects in London and He is passionate about the impact that well thinking and how the digital design revolution and overseas, including the London Media City 2012, designed buildings and places can have on the big data can be used to bridge the gap between Refurbishment of the Palace of Westminster, health and wellbeing of people and the link with engineering and society to create solutions which UEL new docklands campus and the KAFD this to economic productivity. have a positive social and economic legacy. development in Riyadh. He was an early adopter of evidence based He spent his early career in developing building design, overseeing BuroHappold’s research and performance analysis and sustainability tools development efforts in London and is currently and has a lifetime interest in closing the gap leading collaboration with Reading University

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Duncan Price MSc BSc (Hons) Director of Sustainability, BuroHappold Engineering

Duncan joined BuroHappold Engineering as successful policies, strategies and projects Director of Sustainability. He brings to the role across a wide range of sectors including retail, significant technical and business knowledge and commercial property, social housing, public sector has a high profile within the sustainability market, and finance. being nominated one of the ‘Top 50 Stars of He sits on steering groups / soundings boards Sustainability 2013’, Building Magazine. for the UKGBC Delivering Building Performance Duncan has operated successfully at all scales task group, Open City Green Sky Thinking and is a within the built environment, from buildings regular speaker at sustainability thought leadership through to masterplanning and strategic events organised by the Aldersgate Group, consultancy. He is a Chartered Engineer and London First and CBx. He is currently leading Chartered Physicist with nineteen years’ BuroHappold’s work in a number of innovative experience of business leadership in energy, areas including climate change resilience and carbon and sustainability. He has worked with designing to maximise health, wellbeing and leading UK and international clients to deliver productivity.

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Dr Phil Hampshire EngD MEng (Hons) LEED GA WELL AP Associate, BuroHappold Engineering

Phil is passionate about integrated design and Doctorate of Engineering (EngD) in sustainable in environmental modelling and has led input on delivering projects that are great for both people decision making and stakeholder engagement. This various large scale projects from an energy and and the planet. He recently contributed to the integrated a broad range of factors including the comfort perspective. UKGBC retail task group which is defining design people centred aspects of design with technical Phil also maintains key academic connections, standards for improving the health, wellbeing building performance data. and currently lectures at both Bristol and Bath and productivity of retail environments. He also He has led the design and development University on Integrated Design, Sustainable provided input to the WGBC 2014 report on the of sustainability frameworks for buildings, Development and People Centred Design. He same subject for offices. Phil was one of the first organisations, and masterplans and has a range also presents widely at conferences and events, people in the UK to receive the WELL Accredited of experience across many sectors including including several recent presentations on Health, Professional (WELL AP) qualification, a standard commercial, education, sports, entertainment, Wellbeing and Productivity. that considers how the building can be designed to cultural, retail and residential. He uses this learning improve peoples’ health and wellbeing. and experience to help deliver inspirational Phil has an excellent technical grounding with first projects that transcend traditional boundaries. class Master of Engineering Degree, and whilst In addition to his strong facilitation and working at BuroHappold, has also completed a workshop skills, he has in-depth technical skills

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References and useful links

Active Cities (2015) Hedge, A., Sims, W.R. and Becker, F.D. (1995) Jaakkol J, Miettienien (1995) Designed to Move: A Guide for City Leaders. The effects of lensed-indirect uplighting and parabolic Ventilation rates in office buildings and sick building downlighting on the satisfaction and visual health of office syndrome. American Society of Interior Designers (1999) workers. Occup Environ Med 94(2): 709-714. Recruiting and Retaining: Qualified Employees – Ergonomics, 38, 260-280. by design. Kroner, W., Stark-Martin, J., and Willemain, T. (1992) www.asid.org/sites/default/files/RecruitingRetaining.pdf Helen Hamlyn Centre for Design (2005) Using Advanced Office Technology to Increase Productivity Capture It: a future workplace for the multi-generational – The Impact of Environmentally Responsive Workstations Bauman, F., Baughman, A., Carter, G. & Arens, E. (1997) knowledge worker. (ERWs) on Productivity and Worker Attitude. A field study of PEM (Personal Environment Module www.hhc.rca.ac.uk/462/all/1/publications.aspx The West Bend Mutual Study. Center for Architectural performance in Bank of America’s San Francisco Office Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY. buildings, Final report, April Heschone/Mahone Group (1999) www.cbe.berkeley.edu/research/publications.htm Skylighting and Retail Sales: An investigation into the Lagercrantz, L, Wistrand, M, Willén, U et al. (2000) relationship between daylighting and human performance. Negative impact of air pollution on productivity: Previous Beauregard TA. (2011) www.pge.com/includes/docs/pdfs/shared/edusafety/ Danish findings repeated in new Swedish test room. Direct and indirect links between organizational workhome training/pec/daylight/RetailCondensed820.pdf Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2000. culture and employee well-being. British Journal of Management 22:2. Heschong Mahone Group (1999) Loftness, V., V. Hartkopft, B. Gurtekin (2003) Daylighting in Schools: An Investigation into the Linking Energy to Health and Productivity in the Built Chueng I. (2013) relationship between daylighting and human performance. Environment. Impact of workplace daylight exposure on sleep, physical http://h-m-g.com/downloads/Daylighting/schoolc.pdf Green Build Conference. activity, and quality of life. Condensed Report. American Academy of Sleep Medicine 36. Menzies, D., J. Pasztor, F. Nunes, J. Leduc, and C.H. Heschong Mahone Group (2003) Chan. (1997) Figueiro, M., M. Rea, R. Stevens, and A. Rea. (2002). Windows and Offices: a Study of Worker Performance and Effect of a new ventilation system on health and well-being Daylight and Productivity: A Field Study. In Proceedings the Indoor Environment of office workers. of the 2002 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in (Technical Report) for California Energy Commission, Archives of Environmental Health, 52:5, pp. 360-367. Buildings, Pacific Grove, CA. 2003, pp 2-4. Milton, D.K., P. Mark Glencross and Michael D. Walters Fisk, J F. Arthur Rosenfeld (1997) www.energy.ca.gov/2003publications/CEC-500-2003- (2000) Estimates of Improved Productivity and Health from Better 082/CEC-500-2003-082-A-09.PDF Risk of Sick Leave Associated with Outdoor Air Supply, Indoor Environments. Indoor Air (10) 212-221. Indoor Air (7) 158-172.

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National Lighting Bureau. (1988) Sterling, E. and Sterling, T. (1983) Witterseh, T (2001) The NLB Guide to Office Lighting and Productivity. The Impact Of Different Ventilation Levels and Fluorescent Environmental perception, SBS symptoms and the Lighting Types on Building Illness: an Experimental Study. performance of office work under combined exposures to Nicklas, M. H. G B Bailey (1996) Canadian Journal of Public Health, Vol 74, temperature, noise and air pollution. Student Performance in Daylit Schools Nov/Dec 1983. Ph.D. Thesis. www.innovativedesign.net/files/Download/Analysis of Student Performance in Daylit Schools.pdf Sundell, J. (1996) Wyon, D. P. (1974) What We Dont Know About Sick Building Syndrome, The effects of moderate heat stress on typewriting Oseland, N. A., and A. Burton (2012) ASHRAE J, vol. 38(6), pp. 51-57. performance. Quantifying the impact of environmental conditions on Ergonomics 17, 309-318. worker performance for inputting to a business case to Thayer, B. M. (1995) justify enhanced workplace design features. Daylighting & Productivity at Lockheed. Wyon, D.P. (1996) J Build Survey, Appraisal Valuation. 1(2):151-64. Solar Today, Vol.9, 1995. Individual microclimate control: Required range, probable benefits and current feasibility. Proceedings of 7th Pape, W.R. (August 8, 1998) Waber B. (2013) International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and At What Cost Health? Low Cost, As It Turns Out. People Analytics: How Social Sensing Technology Will Climate. Inc. Online. Transform Business and What It Tells Us about the Future Indoor Air ‘96. Nagoya, Japan, Vol 2: 27-36. of Work. Rechard Katzev (1992) Financial Times Press. Chapter 3. The impact of energy-efficient office lighting strategies on employee satisfaction and productivity. Wargocki, P, Wyon, D. P., Sundell, J, Clausen, C., Environment and Behavior, Vol. 24, No. 6, 759-778. Fanger, P. O. (2000) The Effects of Outdoor Air Supply Rate in an Office on Romm, J.J. and W.D. Browning (1994) Perceived Air Quality, Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) Greening the Building and the Bottom Line – Increasing Symptoms and Productivity, Productivity Through Energy-Efficient Design. Indoor Air 2000; 10; 222-236. Rocky Mountain Institute. Wargocki, P. (1998) Rowe, D. (2002) Human perception, productivity and symptoms related to Pilot Study Report: Wilkinson Building, The University of indoor air quality. Sydney, Sydney, Australia. PhD thesis International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Techniacl University of Denmark, Kongens Lynby. 34 CONTACT US Andy Keelin | Tel: +44 (0)7894 419 022 | Email: [email protected] Duncan Price | Tel: +44 (0)7702 762 076 | Email: [email protected] Dr. Phil Hampshire | Tel: +44 (0)7803 029 168 | Email: [email protected] www.burohappold.com