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Airline route development and network planning This rare bird was the pre-cursor of the boom that are critical to the industry. One has to look is currently being experienced at Victoria Falls carefully at destinations viability. It takes careful International Airport. analysis to come up with destinations that are Already, South African Airways introduced a wide- viable. bodied aircraft an Airbus A330, Ethiopian Airlines In analysing proposed routes, factors such and Airways both commenced direct flights as passenger traffic, inter-connectivity, cargo into this iconic resort town. Also, Zimbabwean low potential, natural beauty and unique propositions cost carrier, fastjet, added a frequency on Fridays. play a pivotal role in determining the introduction South African Airlink is set to introduce a daily of an air service. service on 2 July, 2017 except for Saturdays,

Aviation Magazine 1st Issue 2017. Aviation The Victoria Falls is endowed with unrivalled beauty joining ’s top airlines in enjoying the new Editor’s and offers countless activities ranging from safari services at the Victoria Falls International Airport. to adrenaline pumped bungee jumping and As you flip through the pages of this edition of the gorge swings. Such offerings and ingredients Aviation Magazine, you will be taken on a tour justify an air service to a particular region. The of the Lowveld, performance of aviation in East Pied Wheatear in its annual migration route from Africa and the deciphering of drones and the Southeast to China is known to wonder promulgation of drones regulations in . to and North-eastern Africa and rarely to It is sincerely my hope that you will have as much Southern Africa. In February this year there was a pleasure reading this edition of the Aviation stampede by international wildlife photographers Magazine as my team and I enjoyed compiling it and bird lovers at Victoria Falls International Airport, for you, our dear readers. and guess what, an American tourist had spotted Happy Reading. a Pied Wheatear, a unique songbird rarely seen in As always, Happy Flying! Southern Africa. The Pied Wheatear was resident for four days at the recently refurbished Victoria Falls International AJ Hungwe Airport enjoying the new facilities that are available. 4 Aviation Magazine Vol 3 04. Foreword AVIATION MAGAZINE EDITORIAL TEAM 06. View from the Control Tower Editor 08. Avi News Annajulia Hungwe [email protected] 10. A navigator’s view

CONTENTS Consulting Editor What a shot Isdore Guvamombe 12. [email protected] 15. Insightful Quotes Associate Editor Obert Chifamba 17. Enhancing security through global [email protected]

partnerships Content Nunurai Ndawana 19. Aviation Security [email protected]

22. An outlook on east Africa’s aviation industry Photography CAAZ PR 28. If you build facilities, the airlines will come [email protected]

32. Advertising Tendai Mbirimi 34. Lowveld’s top five destinations [email protected] Design and Layout 36. Honde Valley, tourism’s best kept secret Wellington Ziduche [email protected] Civil Aviation Authority 38. Airports investment, an economic growth [email protected] stimulant Contributors of Zimbabwe Richard Maslen 43. Bilateral air service agreements and traffic rights Prof Dr. Wolfgang H. Thome Safety, Security, Quality & Efficiency Humphrey Nkonde Matthew Vaughan 44. US$150m put Victoria Falls International Airport on Tawanda Gusha George Mashababe the map Chris Sheppard OUR CONTACTS 46. Women in Aviation Publisher Zimpapers 48. All in a day’s work Corner G. Silundika/Sam Nujoma 04-795771 CAAZ, Level 3 50. Flying tips Printers NatPrint International Airport 53. Ways to make yourself comfortable before your 102 Simon Mazorodze Harare, Zimbabwe 04-621730 flight Tel: +263 (4) 585073/88 Social Media Fax: +263 (4) 585100 54. Drone Talk Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe [email protected] @caaz_online [email protected] www.caaz.co.zw @caazonline

Vol 3 Aviation Magazine 5 any of the travel destinations in Africa rely on air services for their visitor traffic. Adequate system of air services Mis an essential requirement for the successful development of trade and tourism to many destinations. The liberalisation of African skies is progressing, albeit at a slower pace than most stakeholders would have liked. The Heads of State of the African Union at their Summit in Addis Ababa in January 2015 made a solemn commitment to fully open African skies by 2017. Zimbabwe is commented for being among the 20 states that have declared their solemn commitment to fully open their skies immediately, unconditionally in accordance with the Yamoussoukro Decision. Although the dream of a Single African Air Transport Market is unlikely to be achieved in 2017, the momentum for liberalisation is unstoppable and those states that have embraced liberalisation are realising significant FORE economic benefits and in the case of Zimbabwe, marked increases in visitors with more and more airlines starting or increasing operations into the country. Africa can only expert significantly increased traffic if safety standards are up to global expectations. Indeed safety standards have increased significantly in the past few years. For the first time, Africa registered zero safety related fatal airline accidents in 2016. The improved safety standards in Africa is a continuation of a trend of improving safety standards in the continent due to the WORD efforts by various stakeholders including Governments, civil aviation authorities, airlines, airports, ground handlers, and others. Zimbabwe is commented for being among the African DR. ELIJAH CHINGOSHO, states having effective implementation of ICAO Safety DR CHINGOSHO IS THE Oversight systems above global average, thanks to SECRETARY GENERAL, the wise leadership of the General Manager of the AFRICAN AIRLINES Zimbabwe Civil Aviation Authority, Mr David Chawota and ASSOCIATION his dedicated team. These efforts need to continue to be enhanced. Allied to the opening up of African skies is the need for the efficient movement of people and goods and efficient utilization of infrastructure. More and more, we are seeing these non-physical bottlenecks to traffic flow being removed which is in line with the opening up of African skies. Currently, 13 states including Benin, Ghana, Mauritania, , Rwanda and are allowing citizens

6 Aviation Magazine Vol 3 from all African countries who need a visa to be able to obtain by another record loss of $800 million in 2016. The IATA outlook it at the port of entry. Other countries like Kenya, Mauritius for 2017 is for another loss of $800 million. and Zimbabwe, with more in the pipeline, have significantly Despite the various challenges confronting African aviation, the increased the number of countries which visa requirements are long term outlook for the industry remains promising. Africa is relaxed or citizens can get their visas at the point of entry. one of the regions in the emerging markets that are projected It is critical that aviation infrastructure at African airports match to drive global growth in the industry in the coming decades. that of our competitors worldwide to attract passengers to comfortable, convenient and attractive hubs, like what is About Dr ElijAh Chingosho obtaining in Zimbabwe at Harare International Airport, Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo International Airport and the brand new Dr Elijah Chingosho is the secretary Victoria Falls International Airport “the game changer”. general and CEo of the African Airlines Association (AFrAA). he provides strategic A major challenge facing the African continent is the illegal direction to the association and promotes poaching and trade in wildlife and wildlife products. The the common interests of member airlines in thriving bio-diversity across Africa forms the backbone of the conjunction with the Executive Committee. tourism sector performance and hence air transport that brings This promotes the growth and development of safe, secure, reliable and sustainable air those tourists to the destinations. Zimbabwe is world renowned transport in Africa. for its rich and diverse biodiversity. Dr Chingosho holds three Masters Degrees All stakeholders need to collaboratively take measures that in Aeronautical Engineering and Design facilitate sustainable management of our natural resources (loughborough university, England), business Administration (university of for posterity. The loss of bio-diversity not only threatens the Zimbabwe) and transport Economics entire ecosystem but also negatively affects sustainable local (unisA) and a Doctorate in business livelihoods of African people. Administration (Warnborough College). The growth of air transport in Africa will only be possible if the he has several professional qualifications including being a Chartered Engineer continent is at peace with itself. It is appreciated that Africa with the united Kingdom Engineering is a much more peaceful continent that what we witness Council, a Fellow of the royal Aeronautical elsewhere. society, Fellow of the Chartered institute of There have been military conflicts in Burundi, DRC, South secretaries and Administrators and Fellow of the Chartered institute of logistics Sudan and Central African Republic. However, Southern Africa and transport and also has three iAtA in general and Zimbabwe in particular are at peace and this diplomas in safety Management systems is resulting in more and more visitors coming to the region for for Airlines, Airline operations and Cost tourism and business. The peaceful climate in the country and Management systems. he was group Captain for 13 years with the region is conducive for economic development which the of Zimbabwe where he served needs to be underpinned by a well-oiled aviation industry. as Director of Engineering before becoming The financial and economic performance of African airlines general Manager Engineering for Air has been deteriorating in the past few years. The last time Zimbabwe for 3 years. Dr Chingosho joined AFrAA in november 2001. African airlines made a profit was in 2010 when they made an overall modest profit of $100 million. The years 2011 up to 2016 Dr Chingosho has authored four books - all recorded losses which are increasing over the years. Elementary Aircraft Propulsion (1989), This is at a time when globally airlines have been making record African Airlines in the Era of liberalisation (2005) (second edition 2009), strategic profits with the global air transport industry recording profits of Management, text and Cases and general $35.3 billion in 2015, $35.6 billion in 2016, and IATA forecasting Management (2007). Most of his writing a net profit of $29.8 billion in 2017. This commendable airline works are accessible at www.amazon.com. performance is on the back of lower oil prices and record load factors and increased ancillary revenues. In Africa, only Ethiopian Airlines has been consistently profitable over the years. Bucking the global trend, African airlines made a loss of $700 million in 2015, a record loss which was followed

Vol 3 Aviation Magazine 7 View froM the control tower

“All ingredients for a sustained growth are in place and all that are employed in the aviation industry must put their heads together to facilitate the growing industry”.

Ast year was a year to savour for the aviation industry in the Sub-Saharan region. All round performance was satisfactory’ with zero passenger fatalities and zero hull loses. It was the best for the decade, with a single non- fatal turboprop hull loss, as stated by the International Air Transport Association on Airline Safety, December report. InL 2016, Sub-Saharan Africa had its best performance within the last decade, with zero passenger fatalities and zero jet hull losses. The all accident rate was 2.30 per one million departures, compared to 9.73 for the previous five years. The continent progressively improved in turboprop safety, with a turboprop hull loss rate of 1.56 (85 percent lower than its 2011- 2015 yearly average). There was one non-fatal turboprop hull loss, read the International Air Transport Association (IATA) report on competition and new passenger streams were revealed. Airline Safety for the year ending December 2016. Increased passenger numbers and improved airport equipment Something for everyone involved in aviation on the continent to have been a push factor for airlines to consider routes that be proud of and applaud. This achievement did not happen on were previously not feasible. The centrality of the Victoria Falls its own, but through concerted efforts and collaboration from all International Airport strategically positions it within a two hour flight parties. time to seven Southern African States namely Angola, , Aviation in Africa continues to be on an upward trend. Governments Mozambique, , , and making and private players are significantly investing in it. According to, Victoria Falls International Airport, the regional tourism hub “the IATA air transport supports 6.8 million jobs and contributes 72.5 game changer”. billion U.S dollars to the African continent’s GDP. Furthermore IATA Airlines from the Americas, Europe, and the Far East identified Africa as one of the fastest-growing aviation regions over are invited to experience the all year round fine weather of Victoria the next 20 years, with annual expansion averaging at nearly five Falls and connect to the rest of Southern Africa in just two hours. Your percent. passengers will be baptized by the showers of the Majestic Victoria Such an important economic driver and employer to the Falls and availed with unlimited choices of other tourist attractions continent deserves full support and cooperation of all stakeholders in Zimbabwe (Hwange National Park, Great Zimbabwe Ruins, Great and shareholders alike. For years, African aviation has been Limpopo Trans- Frontier Park, the cool Eastern Highlands and more) characterised by poor airport infrastructure as an encumbrance and the regional. and a worrisome safety record that did not inspire investment or The 4000 meter long runway and modern facilities make it possible confidence. for long haul airlines to land in the KAZA region through the Victoria Recently there has been some head wind blowing on the aviation Falls International Airport. landscape in Africa. Aviation authorities are making frantic efforts One aspect of the puzzle is now complete, at least for now, and it’s to improve compliance to International Civil Aviation Organisation now for the hoteliers and tour operators to offer packages that are (ICAO) standards and recommended procedures (SARPs). Airlines attractive for visitors and tourists luring airlines from various source too are leaving no stone unturned in their efforts to be compliant markets to directly serve Victoria Falls International Airport. to both domestic and international standards and best practices. In the past African authorities faced a quandary in securing non- Governments have availed funds for the aviation industry, with a European markets and this is changing with the growing middle case in point being Zimbabwe. class on the continent. The efficacy that has been shown by the 150 million US dollars The African Development Bank laments that by 2030, more than investment in the Victoria Falls International Airport can never be half of Africa’s population will be living in the cities and about 700 understated. million will join the middle class over the next decades. The modern facility has made it possible for wide-bodied aircraft to Such an army of the middle-class will require modern and efficient land in the resort town and linking it with the Masai Mara in Kenya mode of transport. Aviation!!!! and monolithic Lalibela Rock Church in Ethiopia. This has created Demand for aviation services is growing and Zimbabwe has been vast opportunities and flexibility for passengers and tourists. recording a 10 percent year on year growth since 2013. In order In the last eight months Zimbabwean aviation has had a buoyant for us to sustain this competitive advantage, it calls for adoption growth pattern characterised by additional airlines, additional of ease of doing business in the whole value chain, strategic frequencies and increasing passenger numbers. All ingredients approach (centred on unity of purpose) and inclusive dialogue to for a sustained growth are in place and all that are employed in keep the momentum growing. the aviation industry must put their heads together to facilitate the I urge all parties involved in this growth to up their game and brace growing industry. themselves for this aviation and tourism business avalanche that Investments in airports infrastructure together with the liberalisation we are about to experience. of African skies have spurred up growth on the continent. Low Cost Carriers have played an enormous role in Africa with their David Chawota introduction; fares were reduced by most carriers in the face of General Manager/CEO 8 Aviation Magazine Vol 3 Vol Vol 2 Aviation 3 Aviation Magazine Magazine 79 AVINEWS

10 Aviation Magazine Vol 3 Vol 3 Aviation Magazine 11 Zim mini Air rAlly 2017

Zim Mini Air Rally Winners Len Thomas, Navigator (second from left) and Pilot Jim Brown (third from left) with Air Rally Committee members Andrew Brown on the left and Marion Kalweit on the right by CHRIS SHePPARD itting next to my brother in ZU-ICL, a Glassair Sportsman, waiting to taxi out onto runway 06 at I wondered whatS I had let myself in for. As he went through his final checks I looked down Zim Air Rally Mini competitors Pilot Doug Campbell and Navigator Boet Barnard at the map in front of me – it was filled with notes and squiggles denoting speeds, times, turn points, bearings and an almost incomprehensible series of ‘A NAvigAtor’s view’ numbers that followed a time schedule. The map was a simple Ordnance and Survey Map of Zimbabwe that was dams and many of the Centre Pivot – “You ready?” he asked. I nodded, my decades old. Sure, it had all the roads sites had also been marked in. mouth too dry to speak and then looked and features on it, but they were drawn All of these points were there to down at my map again. in almost cartoon fashion. help us navigate our way around the The engine noise grew loud and Many of the new dams and other course set by Andrew Brown of the we whisked down the runway, the tail mostly agricultural developments were Zim Air Rally Committee for this year’s lifted up, the aircraft suddenly felt alive not depicted. But we had a plan, the Mini Rally. We were one of 13 aircraft and the next thing we were in the air, night before this Mini Rally we had competing for the coveted Trophy that Mashonaland Flying Club disappearing looked at our route on Google Earthwould be presented to the winner that to starboard, as we headed north to find and had marked in things like newevening. our first turning point. sewage ponds near Bindura, not far I looked up as I heard the tower clear The 2017 Zim Air Rally Mini had from Mvurwi a couple of odd shaped us for take-off, Pete looked over at me begun for us. As is traditional before

12 Aviation Magazine Vol 3 the main Rally a shorter version is held to give pilots and crew and opportunity to “practise.” I am not a pilot, rather someone who loves aircraft and flying. I do not pretend to understand all the jargon that goes with flying, but the Zim Air Rally is more than just that. It challenges the skill of both pilot and navigator. Making sense of those old maps, shaping the coloured contour lines and other features into a “path” that you follow to a set time makes this Chris Carey (Navigator) and Dave Taylor (Pilot) (Photo M. Kalweit) event very exciting. We had opted for an air speed of dividing the whole route up into minute hour and sure enough 59 minutes 118 knots as Pete felt this gave theby minute steps thus allowing us to and 31 seconds we passed over the Sportsman the best chance of flyingtake note of specific features to checkThornpark Polo Ground gate to finish. safely and still having a bit of power our progress against. We also marked We called Charles Prince Airport Tower should it be required – a head wind for specific points like drainage linesfor or landing instructions and were soon instance. We had to fly over a course spot heights with exact times to further on the ground at the Puma Pumps in a set time. Each turning point was tighten our times. filling up with fuel for the main rally to predetermined and a 3,000m “gate” Two minutes out from each turning be held the following week. was our target, to be reached at the point I would call to Pete “Two Minutes Pete and I had our challenges in the exact time. to go” and then give him the heading air and we missed one of the gates and If we missed the gate we lost points, we would take after clearing the gate at the end of the day came in 7th out of if we reached it too early or too late we – he would have to judge his speed the 13 aircraft. lost more points. accordingly with me calling down the The winners however very capably The idea was to fly as steady as seconds as we approached the mark. negotiated the route with minimal possible on the set heading, taking It is important to be “seen” at each mistimings. Jim Brown and Len into account wind speed and any other gate so we would always fly for two or Thomas flying Z-JSB a Cessna 210 atmospheric conditions using only three seconds after passing it before took the Mini Rally Trophy home that the compass, altimeter and air speed turning. night with the 2016 Main Rally winners indicator as references. Our speed this year meant we Isaac Levy and Solly Ferreira in Z-AMG We had marked the map accordingly, flew the course in almost exactlycoming an in second.

Preparing for the flight: Zimbabwe Airforce entrants Navigator George Makwenjere and Pilot Tinofara Shumba

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1. IN GOOD COMPANY . . . An B762 parked next to A380 at OR Tambo International Airport. 2. A QUICK FACE-TO-FACE CHAT . . . Both generations agree on the magic of flying.@Lufthansa 3. JAMBO ZIMBABWE . . . A Kenya Airways E190 arriving at Victoria Falls International Airport 4. QUICK SHOWER . . . A South African Airways A330 is welcomed at Victoria Falls International Airport to a traditional water cannon salute.@Tamiwalker 5. TURBULENT TIMES . . . A man walks past a reflection of a Qatar Airways flight take-off. @AFP 6. SUNSET . . . An Air Zimbabwe B767 enjoys the sunset at Victoria Falls International Airport 7. POP THE CHAMPAGNE . . . A Kenyan Airways E190 is received by a water cannon salute at Victoria Falls International Airport. 8. CELEBRATION TIME . . . easyjet celebrates the arrival of an A320neo. @easyjet 9. ITS OFFICIAL . . . President Mugabe commissions the Victoria Falls International Airport 10. MASAAI MEETS MATEBELE . . . Kenya Airways CEO joins the Ndebele dancers at the launch of KQ service to Victoria Falls. 11. ROSY WELCOME . . . Ministry of Transport and CAAZ officials at the RwandAir Harare service launch. 11

Vol 3 Aviation Magazine 15 16 Aviation Magazine Vol 3 Vol 3 Aviation Magazine 17 18 Aviation Magazine Vol 3 SECUriTy mATTErS

Vol 3 Aviation Magazine 19 20 Aviation Magazine Vol 3 AVIATION SECURITy (AVSec)

Aviation Security (Avsec) is a department within the Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe (CAAZ) that is responsible for the protection and safeguarding of passengers, crew, ground personnel, the general public, aircraft and facilities of an airport serving international civil aviation, against acts of unlawful interference perpetrated on the ground or in flight through a combination of measures, human and material resources. The threats, which the civil aviation faces include: • Sabotage of airports • Sabotage of aircraft • Unlawful seizure of aircraft toy guns, sharp hand tools, scissors, pocket knives, manicure/pedicure sets, razor blades and liquids aerosols The main perpetrators of these acts of unlawful interference and gels in excess of 100mls. are terrorists and criminals and to counter these threats CAAZ has equipped its airports with security apparatus capable of detecting and preventing and deterring would- AViAtion Security be perpetrators from achieving their goals. In addition CAAZ has deployed highly trained aviation security personnel at its DOS AND DON’TS airports in line with International Civil Aviation Organisation standards and recommended practices as contained in Annex 17. In an endeavour to prevent unlawful acts from being Dos: perpetrated against civil aviation, certain items have been • Check-in early and have all the necessary travel classified as restricted articles. These are articles, which documents ready for inspection and give yourself in the context of aviation security, are classified as those time to clear airport screening processes. objects, devices or substances, which may be used to • Make sure you have the correct boarding passes endanger the safety of the aircraft and its occupants, or and travel documents to be presented if requested installations and the public. Common items used every at the security check points and at boarding gates. day may seem harmless but can become dangerous or • Inform the security officers of your medical hazardous when they fall into wrong hands. conditions, such as a pacemaker that might be Below are categories of restricted items both in affected by the screening process. checked and carry-on baggage, as well as on • Remove laptop computers, video cameras with persons, unless an exception is stated. cassettes, and film cameras from their carry-cases • Firearms, guns and weapons and place them in the tray provided. • Pointed / sharp edged weapons and sharp • Declare any prohibited items and weapons to the objects screening staff at the security screening check • Blunt instruments point • Explosive, and flammable• substances Report any unusual behaviour or suspicious activity • Chemical and toxic substances to airport staff. • Liquids Aerosols and Gels more than 100 mls Restricted articles commonly carried by passengers include but are not limited to knives and, cutting instruments, Don’ts: • Do not leave your baggage unattended. • Do not carry parcels for other people without knowledge of what is inside. • Do not make threats and comments about carrying weapons or explosives that may result in rejection to board the aircraft and prosecution. • Do not pack sharp objects such as knives, scissors, corkscrews or knitting needles in your hand luggage. • Do not carry any LAGs above 100 ml each (liquid, Aerosols and Gels). Always remember that security is everyone’s business and together we can keep our airports and skies safe.

Vol 3 Aviation Magazine 21 22 Aviation Magazine Vol 3 Vol 3 Aviation Magazine 23 An outlook on EAST AFRICA’S aviation industry for 2017

by Prof Dr Wolfgang H. Thome Aviation | Tourism Consultant east Africa’s aviation scene in 2017 – and looking ahead into the next year – has rarely been so diverse, so challenging and so confusing for uninformed onlookers than is the case right now.

BuruNdi South Sudan, nominally a member of the East African Problems in the national economy of one of the East Community, has not fared much better. While Entebbe African nations, Burundi, saw flight frequencies reduced – is connected with Juba twice a day through fifth freedom Brussels Airlines now only serves Bujumbura once a week rights arrangements with RwandAir, have flights of major via Kigali – while other airlines threw in the towel altogether foreign airlines reduced rather than increased with the like FlyDubai. The Dubai based and government owned likes of Ethiopian, Kenya Airways, FlyDubai and sister company to global giant Emirates started with Air pondering what to do as ticket sales declined due great fanfare but soon faced a hostile visa regime, high to a lack of money, massive devaluation of the South cost of visas for those who could still get one and after Sudanese currency and their inability to repatriate their an exodus of sorts following the political developments sales proceeds – something, which three years ago ruined in Burundi, a massive downturn in outbound travel due Kenya’s Jetlink with reportedly 2.5 million US dollars stuck to the collapse of the economy. The writing then was on in Juba banks, unable to find its way home to Nairobi. the wall and FlyDubai eventually pulled out of Burundi, While connectivity to and from Juba to Nairobi, with leaving the country’s air connections in the region up to several airlines serving the route besides Kenya Airways, Kenya Airways, Ethiopian Airlines and RwandAir. Past is better than in comparison to Bujumbura are flights to assurances that Air Burundi would be revived came to Juba not nearly as many as one would expect. Addis nought and Burundi now first needs to put her house inAbaba is linked daily to Juba too, that aspect at least a order, politically and economically, before airlines can positive pointer into the future, when, with the country again be tempted to take a fresh look at the country andeventually at peace again, it can become a major source its passenger and cargo potential. for traffic to and from. south sudAN Several privately incorporated airlines fly from Juba

24 Aviation Magazine Vol 3 to some of the more distant towns like Malakal, Wau, It does not come as a surprise therefore that Nairobi’s Rumbek and others, where airstrips exist, to spare their Jomo Kenyatta International Airport is also East Africa’s passengers the dangerous road journey across a country largest aviation hub and host to airlines from around the side where robberies and worse seem to be the order of world, which fly to Nairobi as their primary entry point to the day. Africa. All the main Gulf airlines, Qatar Airways, Etihad, However, attempts to form a proper national airline Emirates but also Air Arabia from Sharjah, besides Turkish came to nought too, for lack of funds from governmentAirlines are flying daily or double daily to Nairobi while and a sensible reluctance from foreign investors to pour most of the European airlines too are calling on Nairobi, mega money into a country, which has yet to find internal either daily or several times a week. Asia connections are peace and rebuild its tattered economy that still largely presently still few while airlines in the are depends on oil, a commodity only fetching a fraction of its waiting for the final clearance of JKIA as an FAA Category former price per barrel. One airport to launch flights. Add African airlines also flying into Kenya led by Ethiopian with several flights a day from KeNyA Addis Ababa to both Nairobi and Mombasa, South African Enter Kenya, where national airline Kenya Airways has Airways and then of course RwandAir, a growing aviation seen turbulent times in the recent past, was forced to force in their own right, but more about that later. reduce their fleet, streamline operations, cuts cost and Aviation infrastructure development in Kenya has of suffered at the hands of militant unions ready to cut off theirlate shown results with Nairobi’s main airport now largely noses to spite their faces. While subsidiary Jambojet has decongested and able to handle more passengers. A been making profits has Kenya Airways’ itself operated brand new terminal for Kenya Airways and their partner at substantial losses over the past several years. A new airlines and existing terminals undergoing refurbishment recovery plan put into place more recently has however have lifted JKIA’s capacity towards the 10+ million mark, shown a marked upturn in fortunes again over the past considering an additional pre-fabricated arrival and few months giving rise to hope that the airline will soon fly departure terminal was also opened earlier this year. All into less turbulent financial territory again. missing now is a second runway for East Africa’s main Kenya, being the country with the most vibrant aviation aviation hub, which is long overdue and could prove to be sector in the region, also has a number of privately owned a serious impediment for future growth if not resolved on airlines operating, out of the main airport Jomo Kenyatta the double. International, serving routes to Mombasa, Lamu, Malindi, Other airports like Kisumu, Malindi and even Manda/ Ukunda, Eldoret and Kisumu alongside Kenya Airways Lamu have been modernized and a major expansion at and Jambojet but mostly from the second major airport in the Ukunda aerodrome close to the award winning Diani the Kenyan capital, Wilson Airport. beaches is also underway. It is from there that literally all safari parks can be reached with scheduled flights every day or several times a week and while competition is intense are none of them showing signs of financial instability. To the contrary are the main players like Safarilink and others adding new or pre-owned aircraft to serve more routes, notably to airfields across Kenya, which don’t even have the status of fully fledged airports or aerodromes and, worth mentioning here is Kitale to where Safarilink just launched a daily service. Tourists, thankfully are the numbers showing a solid upwards trend again, love to fly into the parks to save time and in the departure lounges at Wilson Airport, be it at Air Kenya or Safarilink or others, are conversations held in languages from around the globe. Whether scheduled services or outright charter flights to more remote locations, one cannot fail tofind a flight or an airline to fly passengers from Wilson Airport to such places, a sign for a well-developed primary and secondary aviation industry, primary being the jet airlines and secondary the largely turboprop operators using Wilson.

Vol 3 Aviation Magazine 25 tANzANiA Moving across Kenya’s southern border to Tanzania, there is a major story to tell about aviation this year. While a number of locally registered airlines like Coastal Aviation – East Africa’s largest air charter company with the most registered aircraft – and Auric Air operate out of Dar es Salaam, Arusha or Mwanza to such places like Zanzibar, the Tanzanian national parks and secondary and tertiary airfields across the country – Auric for instance serves some 30 destinations with scheduled and non-scheduled flights – it is probably the likes of Fastjet and Precision Air, which get the most attention. Both these airlines have been operating in Tanzania on domestic routes and in addition does Fastjet link Dar es Salaam to Lusaka, Harare and Johannesburg but no longer Nairobi and Entebbe. The airline, as part of a sustained cost cutting, earlier in December 2016 halted their flights to the Kenya and Uganda. Both of these airlines have been writing red balance sheets for some time now and it is anyone’s guess how they will turn the tables following the most recent aviation developments in Tanzania. After years of limping along and more often than not being on the ground rather than in the air, has Air Tanzania, the national airline of Tanzania, suddenly seen their fortunes change. A change of management and a complete overhaul of the board of directors under the government of President Magufuli has arguably cut the A revived Air Tanzania will of course pose a serious deadwood with a number of past managers facing court competitive challenge to Precision Air and Fastjet and cases over alleged corruption and sheer incompetence. there is already talk in Tanzanian aviation circles that That done, Tanzania has in recent months spent a the national airline will reclaim the routes to Nairobi and staggering half a billion US dollars on three aircraft Entebbe after Fastjet halted their flights. It is obvious that deals, not second hand, not leased and not procured the composition of the new fleet will be primarily aimed at through notorious middlemen but bought outright from domestic and regional traffic but when the new wide body the manufacturers. Dreamliner arrives is the airline clearly set for long haul An initial order worth 68 million US dollars saw flights, perhaps to the UK – since dumped two Bombardier Q400NG turboprop aircraft arrive inDar es Salaam have there been no direct services – but September, which allowed Air Tanzania to resume more likely to China or maybe India, given the economic operations on a number of domestic routes. At the end of ties between Tanzania and these countries. November then did the Tanzanian government spend a And another factor comes into play, the opening of a further 200 million US dollars to pay for another Q400NG completely new international arrivals and departures due for delivery in early 2017 while at the same time terminal at Julius Nyerere International Airport in 2017, ordering two state of the art Bombardier CS300 jet aircraft, finally bringing Dar es Salaam into the 21st aviation the most modern single aisle plane presently flying in the century with a state of the art facility. At the same time are skies. These two aircraft will join the Air Tanzania fleet works going on at Kilimanjaro International and Mwanza under an accelerated delivery programme probably as to bring other important airports across the country in early as late 2017. line with airlines’ needs, after Mbeya’s new airport was To top it has Tanzania then in early December commissioned just two years ago. Mtwara, the ‘gas announced a deal with Boeing for a B787-8 Dreamliner capital’ of Tanzania, will also see its airport modernized after paying a commitment fee of 10 million US dollars for to allow for the use of jets rather than turboprops, when delivery in the second half of 2018, the deal worth some the runway has been extended and the terminal buildings 230 million US dollars overall. All new aircraft are ‘owned’ spruced up. by a separate parastatal body, not Air Tanzania directly, ostensibly to avoid auctioneers trying to use their regular tactics to collect historical debts from the carrier.

26 Aviation Magazine Vol 3 fleet offer a dual class cabin layout with Business Class and Economy Class on every flight, a service much appreciated by frequent flyers. The most impressive fleet additions in 2016 however were two Airbus A330 wide body aircraft, one -200 and one -300 variant, which will set the stage for launching long haul flights for the first time in the airline’s history. Again, both aircraft offer inflight Wi-Fi for passengers and are configured in a three class layout with Business Class, a separate Premium Economy Class cabin and the regular Economy Class. On the cards are Mumbai and London Gatwick and there is speculation that both services may route via Entebbe under the fifth freedom rights RwandAir was granted by the Ugandan aviation regulators. The airline has even named New York as a future long haul destination, probably in conjunction with an FAA Category One approved West African waypoint and confirmation was received recently that RwandAir is already in close negotiations with Airbus for the delivery of yet another wide body aircraft to facilitate the launch of flights to the Big Apple Further African destinations are on the drawing board too for RwandAir after already covering Eastern Africa and West Africa with a total of 7 each destinations. Harare will be launched in January while other new city pairs to Durban and Conakry are planned for later next year. This had made RwandAir a rising star in the African skies with passenger numbers for 2016 expected to top the 700.000 mark and rising to a million in the near future when both Airbus A330’s are fully deployed on long haul routes. RwandAir’s hub airport, Kigali International, has seen a major expansion and modernization taking place over the past years and while still compact offers much greater comfort to in particular transit passengers. RwandAir is planning to open a new premium passenger lounge in early 2017, besides the existing Pearl Lounge, which is operated under an airport concession and all spaces for commercial use for duty free shops and cafes haven now been occupied. But, again, the vision of Rwanda is going way beyond what has already been accomplished. A brand new airport is being constructed at Bugesera rwANdA some 20 kilometres outside Kigali, under a unique Let us now turn our attention to another one of the East BOT project approach, whereby a Portuguese airport African Community member states, Rwanda, where development and management company has to source aviation has made giant leaps over the past years. the funds for construction of phase 1 and phase 2 of RwandAir, the national airline, now operates a fleet of the11 new facility, overall worth in excess of 800 million aircraft already with a twelfth joining in June 2017. Two US Dollars. The company will then own and operate the Bombardier Q400NG aircraft are operating alongside two facility for an initial 25 years with a guaranteed extension Bombardier CRJ900NG’s, two Boeing B737-700NG’s by a further 15 years, before transferring the airport to the and now three Boeing B737-800NG’s of which the latest ownership of the Rwandan government. delivery offers inflight Wi-Fi connectivity. This is the first The company has been given a tight time frame and time on the African continent that a single aisle plane when the project is complete by 2018/2019 will RwandAir comes with this added service to keep passengers on then shift their operations to the new airport with, going by board connected through their smart phones once their own CEO’s projections, between 16 and 20 aircraft reaching cruising altitude. All single aisle aircraft on the in service.

Vol 3 Aviation Magazine 27 ugANdA serve the purpose. Considering that RwandAir over the Finally, Uganda. years has invested close to a billion US Dollars – the two The demise of Air Uganda, after serving the country for Airbus aircraft alone cost over five hundred million US seven years, is still fresh in many people’s minds, was dollars – in their fleet and that Tanzania in the space of a caused by incompetent regulators unlike Uganda Airlines, few weeks spent half a billion US dollars in payments and which was liquidated in the early 1990’s and then followed commitments, will the investment needed for a Ugandan by the likes of AJAS aka Alliance Air, Africa One, East latecomer have to be in the same region. African and Victoria International, all of which failed Latest gossip, dispensed of course with intent by those commercially and had to throw in the towel. who intend to eat big, speaks of several short/medium haul In the face of regional competition by Ethiopian Airlines, single aisle jets and at least two wide body jets to be leased serving Entebbe three times a day, Kenya Airways serving to reduce the cost burden, but given Uganda’s aviation Entebbe five times a day, RwandAir serving Entebbe four history will deposit requirements, unless guaranteed by times a day and soon, no doubt there, a return of Air government be stringent and may require doubling if not Tanzania again, will a revival of a Ugandan airline be an tripling the amount other countries might enjoy. uphill struggle. At the same time does leasing of brand new jets not Coming late comes at a cost and that is that the happen overnight, given the delivery periods in place competition has tied up the market and offers theirfor aircraft and starting up with stop gap pre-owned and passengers services and frequent flyer benefits, which ageingwill aircraft will, as indicated before, not impress the make the life of an upstart difficult at best and impossiblemarket. at worst, the same way airlines before Air Uganda went Therefore, given the competition, which has emerged out of business. around Uganda, it may truly be the best option to A new Ugandan airline will face opponents from the forget about a national airline, use the resources where region, let alone global giants like Emirates, Qatar Airways,the money is better spent like education, health and Etihad and Turkish Airlines, Europe’s Brussels Airlines infrastructure and have our neighbours serve Entebbe and KLM all of which operate state of the art fleets. through expanded fifth freedom deals, including tying in The three main competitors in East Africa, Kenya new long haul services like the ones’ planned by RwandAir. Airways, RwandAir and Ethiopian, soon to be joined by Without sounding overly critical and doubtful, Uganda, Air Tanzania again, all offer comprehensive networkswhich has ongoing challenges to find the funds for its linking a growing number of African destinations to theirhealth care system and for education, may not find the respective hubs and their global network too offers money a very easily to underwrite a new upstart airline. Oil range of destinations a newcomer, or rather late comer revenues are still several years away, unlike in Tanzania will find difficult to break into. where the gas deposits off Mtwara are already generating Brand loyalty, cemented by frequent flyer benefits, can money for the government’s coffers. in this day and age not be underestimated apart from all The year 2017 will be exciting for aviation pundits and of the competition being ready to take on another upstart observers as the ‘new’ Air Tanzania spreads its wings by swiftly offering special deals to retain their passengers again alongside RwandAir, a financially stabilized Kenya and protect their market share. Airways and of course an Ethiopian Airlines, which can fit A launch with aged aircraft therefore, as has been into the big league of global carriers, through its network, rumoured in the corridors across Entebbe and Kampala,fleet composition and most importantly, the constant like the B767 or the Airbus A340 will leave the competitionprofits Ethiopian has been generating over the years. in stitches and nothing less than brand new aircraft will Happy Landings to all of them.

Prof. Dr. Wolfgang H. Thome, after a career in East Africa’s tourism industry spanning and tourism sectors. over four decades, today describes himself as an aviation and travel journalist, having During his past career he served in key positions in sector associations, both in Kenya turned his passion into a new profession. and his adopted home country Uganda, where he held the post of president of the With a background in tour and safari, but also hotel and air operations, he is uniquely Uganda Tourism Association for nearly 8 years after helping to rebuild Uganda’s trade qualified to cover the topics of his choice, for global market leader eTurboNews Inc. and association framework from scratch after the end of the liberation war. During that time of course through his widely read and regularly quoted blog ATC News. he also served as chairman of Uganda’s national Hotel and Tourism Training Institute in Wolfgang reports on aviation, hospitality developments, all matters tourism and Jinja. conservation, and his blog today is the largest of its kind in the wider Eastern African Keen on conservation issues, he served as chairman of the Rhino Fund Uganda during region. He regularly speaks at aviation and tourism conferences and has successfully the crucial years of fundraising, establishing the Ziwa Rhino Sanctuary and launching moderated many panel discussions on topical issues covering the aviation, hospitality the breeding programme aimed at returning rhinos to Uganda’s wild.

2428 Aviation Aviation Magazine Magazine Vol 3 Vol 2 Vol 3 Aviation Magazine 29 if youBuild fAcilities, the airlines will come…

RICHARD MASleN he adaption of the famous ‘If you build it, he services on the Nairobi – Cape Town route which operates will come’ quote Kevin Costner hears in the via Livingstone in Zambia, on the other side of the famous film ‘Field of Dreams, has turned into a populartourist attraction. saying for justifying infrastructure investment The new arrival has brought two new non-stop destinations strategies. Victoria Falls International Airport to Victoria Falls and one of the largest or most respected Thas become a shining example of these words in action brands into the airport - just five weeks earlier fellow East with a major investment in the facilities at the airport already African hub carrier Ethiopian Airlines had launched its own showing positive returns through new airline services and flights into Victoria Falls from Addis Ababa, further improving increased capacity in existing markets. connectivity options into global markets. The flight launched Just recently Kenya Airways became the latest arrival on March 26, 2017 and operates on a four times weekly inaugurating flights to Victoria Falls from its base at Nairobi’sschedule non-stop from Addis Ababa and via Gaborone in Jomo Kenyatta International Airport with links onwards to Botswana on its return to the Ethiopian capital city. Cape Town in South Africa. The three times weekly route, One of Africa’s biggest names, South African Airways operated using an Embraer 190, started from May 1, (SAA) has also boosted its activities into Victoria Falls taking 2017 and complements the East African carrier’s existing advantage of the infrastructure investments to deploy wide-

30 Aviation Magazine Vol 3 Africa covers more than 30 million square kilometres and is home to more than a billion people. Due to its challenging terrain, air transport is often the best - sometimes the only - way to connect the continent. Africa needs safe, efficient and affordable air transport links to make the most of its people and “ resources.”

bodied aircraft on its daily Johannesburg link from the start strategy to bring new direct international connections into the of March 2017. This flight was previously served by a 138- town in northern Zimbabwe. The completion of the project, seat Airbus A320 but is now flown by a 222-seat A330-200 part of a $150 million investment by the CAAZ to upgrade with 36 Premium Business Class and 186 Economy Class facilities at the airport and boost passenger capacity from seats. just 500,000 to around two million, has directly enhanced A further connectivity boost will see SA Airlink introduce its connectivity. its own flights on the Cape Town – Victoria Falls route from The airport development project, funded through a July this year supporting not just local demand but offering loan from China Export Import Bank, has included a new enhanced flight connectivity options under the South international terminal, a new 4,000 metre and supported African Airways ‘SA’ flight code via Cape Town International functionality and the renovation of the existing terminal Airport. The six times weekly link is due to launch from July building into a modern domestic facility. It was formally 2, 2017 and will be operated by a 37-seater Embraer ERJ- inaugurated on November 18, 2016 by President Robert 135 regional jet on a six times weekly schedule. Mugabe of Zimbabwe. The formal inauguration last year of the new modernised The modernisation will support ambitions to grow the Victoria Falls International Airport has been an important share of the MICE (meetings, incentives, conventions and milestone in the Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe’s (CAAZ) events) market as well as to boost tourism arrivals to the Vol 3 Aviation Magazine 31 famous Victoria Falls and associated adventure activities “There have been various factors impeding the full and nearby wildlife parks which have been attracting visitors implementation of the Yamoussoukro Decision. These for many years. CAAZ is hopeful the facility will open airline include a basic lack of political will and the absence eyes to the massive potential the country offers for new air of regulatory instruments, rules and procedures on services and help it return visitor numbers to the high levels competition, aligned consumer protection regulations and recorded in the mid-1990s. dispute settlement mechanisms,” says Olumuyiwa Benard The new air services into Victoria Falls, and also increasing Aliu, council president of industry body and United Nations foreign carrier activity at the international airport serving specialised agency, International Civil Aviation Organisation Zimbabwe’s capital city, Harare, are clear signs that avoiding (ICAO). change is no longer an option for Africa with the economic However, the Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM), imperative simply too great to ignore. This is why, after three one of the flagship policies of the African Union, is due to decades of lip service, bodies such as the African Union be introduced in July and could finally mark the first steps (AU) have been galvanised and are embracing the concept along the path to liberalisation. It may not be as far reaching of a single African air transport market under a common as the Yamoussoukro Decision with just 17 of the union’s regulatory framework. membership committing to its implementation, but these There is finally some optimism in Africa that a more liberal do include some of the largest air service markets across framework will finally deliver connectivity enhancements to the Continent, namely Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, and the continent and 2017 could become the landmark year South Africa. in achieving this. For 18 years now the industry has been The successful implementation of the SAATM is expected talking about the Yamoussoukro Decision of 1999, when 44 to bring about enhanced air connectivity, traffic growth nations committed to deregulate air services within Africa, within the region, higher rates of utilisation for existing but progress has been painfully slow with very little action airport facilities, increased employment and increased actually taken place. socio-economic benefits.

32 Aviation Magazine Vol 3 Latest research by aviation loss rate of 1.56 (85 per cent lower country can be enhanced, by relying consultants InterVISTAS for than its 2011-2015 yearly average). upon a successful airline or airport International Air Transport Association There was one non-fatal turboprop strategy and enhanced relationships (IATA), which represents the interests hull loss. between the two sectors. of the world’s airlines, has shown Many observers would never have It is firm belief that African airlines can that aviation supports about seven believed that Africa would be among help unlock the continent’s tourism million jobs and about $80 billionthe safest continents for air travel potential by introducing intra-African of GDP in Africa. But if the largestin 2016. But, a focus on meetingflights that enhance connectivity African economies alone adopted a global safety-related standards and between various destinations and more business and consumer-friendly recommended practices is certainly encourage domestic travel. The approach that enabled increased air delivering success and shows anything challenge for tourism for a long time connectivity, then GDP across those is possible. has been the issue of connectivity and countries would grow by $1.3 billion. Growing direct air service in Africa, more than anywhere else in Similarly, 155,000 additional jobs possibilities is an absolute priority in the world, it is difficult to move easily would be created. Africa. Route development is a major from one country to another. Change is always uncomfortable for function for economic development As has been the case with Victoria some and no doubt some of those because it represents existing and Falls International Airport, if Africa can states that own national carriers are future revenues, customers, and finally build the framework to allow air afraid of what it might bring and could market viability. travel to flourish, then the benefits will resort to other legal instruments to The fortune of a city, region or be felt throughout the Continent. obstruct or limit competition. However, Raphael Kuuchi, IATA’s vice president for Africa says: “Ultimately, money talks and the scope and scale of the economic benefits to be gained from change far outweigh any short-term profits for those carriers enjoying protection at the expense of their nations’ economies and the economy of the entire continent.” Kuuchi believes collaboration is vital if African carriers are to improve their competitiveness and while the benefits of a connected continent are clear, significant non-physical barriers remain in place and protectionist policies favouring national airlines remain abundant. Quite clearly Governments in Africa need to treat aviation as a strategic asset and not as an instrument of foreign policy. Ending on a positive, Africa has made tremendous steps to improve About the author… air safety. In fact in 2016 Sub-Saharan From partying with A-list celebrities to escaping a military uprising in the ‘stans’, the life of an aviation journalist can take some unexpected paths. In his 20 year career, Richard Maslen has travelled across Africa had its best performance within the globe to report on developments in the aviation sector as airlines and airports have continued to evolve and adapt to changing market conditions. After working for Airclaims limited, Key Publishing (for the last decade, with zero passenger renowned titles such as Airliner World), and latterly for air service development specialists Routes (part of fatalities and zero jet hull losses. The all UbM), he has recently established his own business, Maslen Aviation Consultancy, providing storytelling content production, delivery and promotion support as well as consultancy services on aviation topics. accident rate was 2.30 per one million Visit www.maslenaviation.com departures, compared to 9.73 for the previous five years. The continent also saw continuing improvement in turboprop safety, with a turboprop hull Vol 3 Aviation Magazine 33 Buffalo Range Historical background Buffalo Range Airport was established on a piece Airport of land, Lot 4 of Buffalo Range, donated by a family only identified as Styles to the Rhodesian LOCATION government and commissioned in 1965 to cater Strategically situated in the for the Mauritian communities working in the OPERATIONAL South Eastern Lowveld of sugar estates who used to travel back home to Zimbabwe, Buffalo Range HOURS AND SERVICES Port Louis via the then Salisbury Airport, now Airport, gives its guests a Harare International Airport. Scheduled air warm welcome in terms The airport is open from 0700hrs services were introduced between Harare and of its natural climatic to 1700hrs as published offering day Chiredzi via Masvingo using some Viscounts conditions and the time services in air traffic control, aircraft on that lucrative route. International renowned Zimbabwean aviation security, Category 5 Fire and flights were later introduced when customs hospitality. The airport is Rescue services, Meteorological and immigration were made available. In the centrally located between services, Customs and early 1970s a new runway was constructed with the two sugar towns of Immigration services and a high pavement classification number to cater Triangle and Chiredzi, which Aviation fuels and oils. for military operations and the old runway was are thirty kilometers (30km) converted to a taxiway. apart. provides The airport enjoys very cordial relations with It serves as the main gateway to access to the Green Fuels its stakeholders like Tongaat Hullets and the (3) three main conservancies- production activities in Malilangwe Development Trust who entered Save Valley, Malilangwe and Chisumbanje and the just into a strategic public private partnership Bubiyana and the Great commissioned largest inland (PPP) with the Civil Aviation Authority of Limpopo Transfrontier Parks on waterbody, the giant Tokwe Zimbabwe (CAAZ) in refurbishing the airport. the Zimbabwean side. It also Mkosi Dam to the west. The refurnished terminal now offers modern facilities and service offering.

34 Aviation Magazine Vol 3 AIRPORT CAPACITY AND FACILITIES experience in the Gonarezhou National Park and the surrounding conservancies. The airport is designed to handle scheduled, non scheduled charters and With a 1578 X 30 metres runway 14/32 available, aircraft up to the size of a general aviation private flights both domestic and international movements. Boeing 737-700 executive series have been accommodated at no constraints. Buffalo Range Airport receives charter flights from the region and beyond with As a high profile tourist niche market area, Buffalo Range Airport is frequented by the likes of Federal Air, Execujet, Sheltam Aviation, Bass Air and many others. high flying and long range aircraft like Falcons, Lear jets, Citations, Challengers, On average 80 aircraft movements and 250 passengers are handled every Global Expresses, Gulf Streams, Beech jets and Pilatuses. month. They all bring some world top celebrities to explore the best wilderness

Celebrity visits

The airport has been graced by the following world renowned celebrities and billionaires some of whom are now repeat clients in the Lowveld:

• Jack Nicholas an international professional golfer • Juan Carlos I the King of Spain • Catherine Zeta Jones and Michael Douglas Hollywood A-Listers • Shakira a Colombian musician • Mukesh Ambani Family an Indian billionaire in oil and gas explorations • Paul Tudor Jones a renowned American Stockbroker • Bill Gates of Microsoft • The Bismark Family from Germany. • His Holiness Dr Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin Saheb (TUS) the spiritual leader of the Worldwide Dawoodi Bohra Community

As the Zimbabwean tourism and aviation continue to grow, buffalo range Airport is expected to tap into this growth. For now, it remains one of the most sought after exclusive destinations in Africa for global celebrities who want to enjoy serene environments without the disturbances of the paparazzi.

Vol 3 Aviation Magazine 35 recorded here – with the highest concentration of raptors in the world occurring here as well! There are also Lowveld’s amazing insects - seven (7) species of scorpion, butterflies, spiders and so on, so be careful when putting your shoes on in the morning. This place really is a paradise, Eden even! If wardens at the conservancy cannot pack you TOP FIVE onto Land-Rover to see a group of wild dogs or something, then go on a walk through the lodge and wonder among the rocks and strangler fig tress between lodges with the main open-air destinations dining deck, lounge/bar area, a mini- The Lowveld offers unique tourist attractions from library and a wine cellar said to stock wildlife to history. Next time you are in the Lowveld over 7,000 bottles of wine. The drive make sure you enjoy these attractions and experiences. down to this Paradise of Nature is long and hot so take a quick dip in the rock pool that overlooks the dam. Listen to GONAREZHOU NATIONAL PARK MALILANGWE CONSERVANCY the hippo and Fish Eagles – are the Gonarezhou National Park is situated A haven of nature stashed away in sounds they make not wonderful, huh? in the south eastern Lowveld of the bottom corner of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe and covers an area in Malilangwe Conservancy is famedMURRY MCDOUGALL MUSEUM excess of 5 000 square kilometres.for its abundant wildlife species and Sitting on a hilltop in the downdroms “Gonarezhou” meaning “Place of manyfascinating flora. Malilangwe is aptlyof the South Eastern Lowveld soil, the Elephants” is an extremely scenic park translated into “call of the Leopard” story of the late innovator, Thomas full of rugged and beautiful landscapes. and rightly so, for in this wilderness Murray McDougall forms one of the Alternative folklore suggests that the that is what you can often hear. It is historical highlights at the museum in area was named for the herbalists home to the Big Five and besides Triangle, Zimbabwe. Born in 1881 on who would stock their medicines in this endowment, it also has the Small the farm Auchanashelloch on Loch Awe tusks (known as gona in the Shona Six, that is, the Klipspringer, Sharpe’s Argyllshire, Scotland close to the family language). Formed in 1975 the park Grysbok, Grey Duiker, Steenbok, seat at Dunolly Castle, Thomas became is the second largest game reserve in Livingstone’s Suni and Oribi. This is a an innovator of the now booming agro- Zimbabwe and it is part of the Great unique combination as none of these tourism venture of sugarcane farming Limpopo Transfrontier Park (GLTP), a species have been recorded together in the South Eastern Lowveld, which massive Pan-African Park that includes anywhere else in Africa! When the big leads the current Tongatt Hullett. The South Africa’s famed Kruger National game evades you, there is always story, life and graves of Mac and his Park and Mozambique’s Gaza. the four hundred (400) bird specieswife all lie in the museum.

36 Aviation Magazine Vol 3 MTERI DAM CHIRINDA TROPICAL FOREST (MT SELINDA) Situated at the heart of the Hippo Valley Sugar Estate in The 950 ha Chirinda Forest Botanical Reserve is situated on south-eastern Zimbabwe, the breathtakingly beautiful Mteri the slopes of Mount Selinda, it is covered by moist evergreen Dam is reputed for its serious sunsets and serious fishingforest, specifically Zanzibar-Inhambane transitional rain forest excursions. And besides the sweeping views and natural thus representing the southernmost occurrence. The name beauty of the adjoining landscape, the dam plays stage to Chirinda means “lookout” in the Ndau dialect (sub-dialect spectacular bass, bream, and barbel fishing with a record of the Shona Language) or perhaps “place of refuge”. The catch of 6.5kgs and average hook-ups of 2.5–3kgs. The forest is home to the following flora and fauna - mammals lake is roughly 975 hectares with an abundance of lay down (Samango Monkeys, squirrel, Selinda veld rat, waxbill), Birds and stand up timber, as well as thickets of reeds, grass beds (eagles, owls, guinea fowl, robins), reptiles (pythons, cobras, and beds of lily pads making it ideal for top water, spinner vipers, mambas, adders, chameleons, geckos,) amphibians baits, soft plastic lures, and heavy braids. and insects. Its tropical climate hugely supports the Florida strain bass introduced into the dam in the early nineties have thrived, with the average growth being in the region of two kilograms per year. Mteri is cited a mere 300kms from the Beitbridge Border Post, which separates South Africa and Zimbabwe. There is also Mteri Lodge in the dam’s precincts, which is accessible via road from the border. Guests can access Mteri by road. From Masvingo turn right at Ngundu Halt towards Chiredzi then Triangle before turning into the Zimbabwe Sugar Association Experimental Station road and travel on a tarred road to Mteri Lodge. Alternatively, guests can fly into the Buffalo Range Airport and then travel by road. Mteri Lodge is the real deal for trophy fishermen and those looking to escape the hustle of the city for an uninterrupted fishing trip of a lifetime. It’s best to plan the fishing trip between June through to October when the fishing is at its best.

Vol 3 Aviation Magazine 37 Honde Valley, tourism’s best kept secret!

OBERT CHIFAMBA turns steeply as it drops 800 metresand adjacent Muchururu Falls. ome to iconic for about 20 km. Off the tarred road,Around 500 square kilometres geographical there are dust roads, which service of Honde Valley are extensively features like most parts of the Valley. cultivated, often with gravity fed the Mtarazi Climate wise, Honde Valley is just the irrigation channels. Extensive use is Falls, the place to be. It falls within the Savannah made of the many smaller tributaries coffee, sub. From late October to around feeding into the Pungwe River in this banana end of April, there is hot and humid portion of the Honde Valley. and forest weather. Temperatures may rise up to Interestingly, Honde Valley is one of plantations,H the scenic Honde 28 ˚Celsius, a time during which most the premier birding destinations in Valley lies along Honde River, fromof the rainfall is received. From May to Zimbabwe offering a wide range of which it acquires its name, asthe itbeginning of July, temperatures species difficult to find in most parts of serpentines through lowland and are very low, dropping to as low as of the country other than in neighbouring riverine forests, marsh, Miombo 2 ˚C while August is very windy. Mozambique. woodland, tea and maize estates September to October, is usually There are four main birding areas in the of the Eastern Highlands in very hot with maximum temperatures valley- the area around Aberfoyle Club, Manicaland. averaging around 30 ˚C. Most of the Gleneagles Nature Reserve above the Honde Valley outspreads from the rainfall experienced is the convectional Club, Eastern Highlands Tea Estate eastern border of Zimbabwe into type while orographic rainfall occurs at and Katiyo Tea Estate about 25 km Mozambique. The valley is part of variousthe times of the year in addition to from Aberfoyle. Eastern Highlands mountain range. the normal convectional rainfall. This Special bird species to expect include It’s about 130 kilometres from Mutarearea therefore, receives the highest Anchieta’s tchagra, moustached and 110 kilometres from Nyanga. rainfall in the country. grass-warbler, red-winged warbler, Nyangani Mountain and Nyanga The average altitude of Honde black-winged bishop, red-faced National Park form the western Valley is around 900m above sea- crimson wing, lesser seed cracker, boundary of the valley. From Mutare,level compared to its immediate singing cisticola, twinspot indigo bird, the turn-off is about 50 km along thesurroundings, which rise above 1 which parasitizes the red-throated road towards Nyanga. The road into800m. This abrupt drop in topographytwinspot, scarce swift, pallid honey the valley is tarred and twists and gives birth to the spectacular Mtaraziguide, green-backed woodpecker,

38 Aviation Magazine Vol 3 stripe-cheeked greenbul, yellow- streaked greenbul, silvery-cheeked hornbill, white-eared barbet, pale batis, black-throated wattle-eye, variable sunbird, bronzy sunbird, olive sunbird, yellow-bellied waxbill, grey waxbill, blue-spotted wood-dove and black- fronted bush-shrike. Honde River, pronounced Horn-de is a river in Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe, which runs through the Honde Valley from Mount Nyangani on the western edges of Honde Valley where it is joined by several of its major tributaries: the rivers Mupenga, Buu, Mtarazi and Ngarura. It deposits its waters into the Pungwe River, which in turn vomits into the Indian Ocean. Mtarazi Falls, Zimbabwe’s highest at 762m flows into the Honde south of Pungwe Gorge at the Honde River valley just outside Nyanga National Park. Parts of the Honde in the southern Nyanga support lush vegetation, the closest Zimbabwe has to a jungle. Further south, the Honde River provides water for communal irrigation in an otherwise dry area. Water supply for the Honde Valley comes from small piped systems and motorised pumps, as well as direct abstractions from the rivers by riparian village communities not connected to developed installations. Since the area is low-lying and hot, it is an abundant tea and coffee growing area. The well-known Katiyo, Aberfoyle, Rumbizi and Chiwira Tea Estates are among those situated in the valley. It is also home to many small-scale and subsistence farmers, which makes it ideal for agro-tourism as well. With rolling tea plantations, riparian forests and the alpine environment, any visitor would feel as though they are in an oasis of true serenity. Timber plantations decorate the mountainsides adding to the beauty of the area, which has a deep natural scent of flora and fauna. The trees always stand ghost-like, silent observers of the valley and villages below, the river and the clouds. The only thing bigger than the forests and granite peaks will be the midnight sky, dotted with silver and as vast as any eye can wander. Vol 3 Aviation Magazine 39 Airports Investment, AN ECONOMIC GROWTH STIMULANT

40 Aviation Magazine Vol 3 TaWanda gusha ne of the building blocks of any economy is a sound transport network. A well-developed transportO network is a prerequisite for linking less-developed communities to lucrative markets in a sustainable way. An effective mode of transport including road, rail, air, and ports enables industries to get their goods and services to markets in a secure and timely manner, facilitating the movement of people and acts as a catalyst for foreign direct investment (FDI). In Africa, it is however a different case when it comes to efficient transport networks. For many years it has been a common travel itinerary to connect to another African state via Europe. Yet, Africa holds much potential in aviation and The International Air Transport Association (IATA) forecast Africa to expect a 4.4 percent annual passenger growth against a world average of 5.1 percent. This growth can only be tapped into and accelerated through the provision of adequate airport infrastructure. Air transport is an integral part of transport infrastructure and a significant sector of the economy. Airports are recognized for their ability to multiply business activity in their proximity and stimulate further development, in the process creating employment directly or indirectly. Every one million

Vol 3 Aviation Magazine 41 passengers transported create 1,000 rehabilitate and modernise its airport at the airport offer a truly world-class jobs directly at the airport and a further infrastructure in order to cope with environment for both passengers and 2,100 in the national economy this the growing demand. In 2012 JM the airlines. This has unlocked value, is according to Centre for Aviation Nkomo International Airport was as larger aircraft are now landing at the Law and Business, Trier University ofofficially commissioned by President airport, bringing in more passengers Applied Sciences. Robert Mugabe. Buffalo Range and cargo. The same growth in The Civil Aviation Authority of Airport in Chiredzi in the Lowveld wasbusiness was experienced in Tanzania Zimbabwe took the decision to rehabilitated through a Public Private following the upgrading of airport Partnership (PPP) infrastructure in Dar es Salaam, as well with Malilangwe as Kilimanjaro airports. Trust and Infrastructure development spurs Tongaat Hullet. growth in economic development. This The rehabilitation notion is supported by the available entailed the empirical research that has shown upgrading of the that there is a positive relationship terminal building, between infrastructure investment and air traffic control economic growth. Apart from the new tower, fire station airport in Victoria Falls attracting more and sinking of a airlines into the resort town, there are new borehole. obvious downstream benefits into Recently, the the local economy, especially the Victoria Falls hospitality industry. International Airport infrastructure is further Airport was supported by the implementation commissioned of various policies that open up by President the skies. The Open Skies Policy, Robert Mugabe being implemented through the again after a Yamoussoukro Declaration (YD) and U$150 million spearheaded by the African Union loan facility from (AU), and the aggressive collaborative China Exim Bank. marketing by CAAZ and its partners, The new facilities are efforts that are yielding results.

42 Aviation Magazine Vol 3 As CAAZ continues to implement its Octagon formula, in the development of its airport network systems, Harare International Airport These policies and efforts have the Joint Ventures Act [Cap. 22:22] is next on the cards. significantly grown the aviation sector.has presented a huge opportunity for The project that is The advent of low cost airlines has the development of airport cities in the in its final stages of increased the propensity for the country. preparatory work will public to resort to air travel due to This is in line with the global concept of the aerotropolis. CAAZ has already see a revolutionary low fares, increased flexibility and competition. This development calls submitted an application for land transformation of the for innovation when investing in reservation around Harare International airport making it a aviation infrastructure. Airport and will do the same for all the major airport in the As CAAZ continues to implement its other airports. region. Octagon formula, in the development CAAZ has also applied for airports of its airport network systems, Harare to be designated Special Economic International Airport is next on the Zones (SEZs) in line with the provisions cards. The project that is in its finalof the Act. Developments within the stages of preparatory work will see designated zones will be in line with a revolutionary transformation of the the provisions of the Joint Ventures airport making it a major airport in the Act [Cap.22:22]. This will also result region. in growth in non-aeronautical revenue, The recent enactment of the Special that is, revenue that is not directly Economic Zones Act [Cap. 14:34] and related to aeronautical activities. Vol 3 Aviation Magazine 43 Shuttle Service for only $10.00 per person

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44 Aviation Magazine Vol 3 BILATERAL AIR SERVICES AGREEMENTS AND TRAFFIC RIGHTS - THE NERVE CENTRE OF AIR TRANSPORT

odern day air transport has its origins in the Convention on International Civil Aviation of 7 December 1944, known more commonly today as the ‘Chicago Convention’. This post Second World War treaty established the core principles Mpermitting international transport by air and laid the foundation for the standards and procedures for peaceful global air navigation. It also formalized the establishment of a United Nations specialised agency, the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) to coordinate the intensive international co-operation required by the emerging global air transport system. Two articles of the Chicago Convention address fundamental issues concerning the exchange of rights between States in international air transport. Article 1 recognizes every State’s complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above its territory. Pursuant to this, Article 6 then prohibits the operation of any air service over or into the territory of another State, except with the special permission of that State and in accordance with its terms. These provisions gave birth to the process of bilateral regulation of air services, where two willing States negotiate and agree on the terms and conditions for the provision of air services between their two territories. The result of such negotiations is what is commonly known as a Bilateral Air Service Agreement (BASA). Although BASAs may be differently worded, they generally contain provisions of a similar thrust and patterned on a standard form recommended by ICAO. Provisions which relate to market access are considered to be the most valuable of these agreements and include airline designation, traffic and route rights, capacity and at times pricing. Of these, traffic rights tend to dominate the discussion. A traffic right is ‘a market access right, which is expressed asan agreed physical or geographic specification of who or what may be Diagrams: www.boeing.com transported over an authorised route’. As a physical specification, it is the right to transport passengers, cargo and mail. As a geographic Nairobi, Victoria Falls and Cape Town. The thrice weekly flights will specification, a traffic right is best explained by the freedoms of the air operate as follows ; Nairobi to Victoria Falls; Victoria Falls to Cape illustrated in the diagram below. Town; Cape Town to Victoria Falls and Victoria Falls to Nairobi. Fifth freedom traffic rights are also at the centre of the discussion on air transport liberalisation. The Yamoussoukro Decision of 1999, the single most important African air transport reform initiative, specifically calls for full liberalisation of the exercise of first, second, third, fourth, and fifth freedom rights for both passenger and cargo services on the continent. Since the signing of the Yamoussoukro Decision by African member states, greater liberation of the African Skies has been achieved, albeit rather slowly. Zimbabwe is a signatory to the Yamoussoukro Decision and has progressively implemented the provisions of the Yamoussoukro Decision in its BASAs. To date, Zimbabwe has entered into at least fifty five (55) BASAs since 1980 of which twenty six (26) are with fellow African States. As the Zimbabwean aviation industry continues to grow it is of paramount importance that we continue to expand the network of liberal BASA’s, particularly under the framework of the Yamoussoukro Decision. Liberalisation has the potential to attract new private capital into the domestic airline industry. It also brings with it the benefits of increased Of the freedoms of the Air, the most sought after is the fifth freedom air service levels and lower fares as airlines become more efficient, right, which is the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international which in turn stimulates additional traffic volumes. Increased air service air services, granted by one State to another State to put down and levels facilitate tourism, trade, and other sectors of the economy. The to take on, in the territory of the first State, traffic coming from or need for increased air service levels is critical at this point if ever the destined to a third State. investments in the Victoria Falls, JM Nkomo International Airport and A practical example is the recently introduced Kenya Airways service pending Harare International Airport expansion project are to bare any to Victoria Falls, which will be on fifth freedom rights basis linking fruit and steer the country’s economy on a recovery path.

Vol 3 Aviation Magazine 45 US$150m put on the map

HUMPHREY NKONDE share their ticketing systems so that Africa can improve its Zimbabwe’s Victoria Falls International Airport has continued stake in the global aviation industry. to attract Africa’s major airlines following its US$150m Meanwhile, Ethiopian Airlines’ managing director for upgrade. The airport is located 21km south of Victoria Falls international services, Esayas Woldemariam Hailu, was Town, a strategic regional tourism hub, which President one of the passengers on Ethiopian Airlines’ new aircraft Robert Mugabe’s government has turned into a special to Victoria Falls International Airport. He said most of the tourism economic zone. tourists were attracted to the Victoria Falls, shared by It can be reached within two hours by plane from Angola, Zimbabwe and Zambia on the Zambezi River, and described Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa, the natural phenomenon as “the magnet of African tourism”. Namibia, Mozambique, Malawi and Zambia. Ethiopian With close to 100 destinations worldwide, Ethiopian Airlines Airlines, Africa’s largest airline, started direct flights to is at a competitive advantage compared to other airlines in Victoria Falls International Airport from Addis Ababa’s regard to accessing Victoria Falls Town. Bole International Airport using the latest B737-800 New A new international terminal building with a capacity to Generation aircraft on 26 March. handle 1.5 million passengers per year are among the Zimbabwe’s Transport and Infrastructural Development improvements to the airport. It includes work on its old Minister Dr Joram MacD Gumbo said the inaugural flight terminal with a capacity of 500,000 passengers per year, to Victoria Falls Town by Ethiopian Airlines showed the which has been turned into a domestic terminal. Extra confidence it had in Zimbabwe’s aviation industry. He said improvements, large planes in the Code E category such Africa’s biggest airline had continued servicing the Harare as B747 and A340 can now land on the upgraded runway, route at a time when other bigger airlines withdrew their which is 4 000m long and 60m wide. flights to Zimbabwe and called on African airlines to code- Air traffic control and meteorological services are based at 46 Aviation Magazine Vol 3 the airport’s new control tower. The airport also boasts a on Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays and Sundays. Return new fire station equipped with E-One fire (foam) tenders. journeys to Addis Ababa on the same days would include Some of the fire (foam) tenders cooled down the Ethiopian stopovers in Gaborone, Botswana’s capital. Airlines’ B737-800 plane with water jets immediately after it landed on its inaugural flight. Other international airlines servicing Victoria Falls The airport has CCTV coverage, instrument landing and International Airport are Fastjet Zimbabwe, Air Zimbabwe, airfield ground lighting systems, automated baggage South Africa Airways, South Africa’s Airlink, Air Namibia and handling as well refueling facilities for Avgas and Jet1 fuel. British Airways operated by South Africa’s Comair. Among Non-aeronautical facilities incorporated into the landing domestic airlines, the airport is serviced by Rainbow Airlines facility are banks, restaurants, duty free shops as well as as well as various charter operations. offices for immigration and customs. The US$150mn loan to revamp Victoria Falls International Ethiopian Airlines will be followed by Kenya Airways this Airport came from China’s Export-Import Bank in 2013. month and South Africa’s Airlink in July regarding flightsVictoria Falls Town and neighbouring Livingstone, across to Victoria Falls International Airport, according to the Civil the Zambezi River and named after the Scottish explorer, Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe (CAAZ). were co-venues of the 20th United Nations World Tourism “CAAZ is working on connecting Victoria Falls to regional Organisation General Assembly in 2013 tourist destinations such as Walvis Bay in Namibia and African Review of Business and Technology May, 2017. Mombasa in Kenya,” said CAAZ in a statement. Ethiopian Airlines will fly non- stop from Addis Abba at 08.35 hours and arrive in Victoria Falls Town at 12.15 hours

Vol 3 Aviation Magazine 47 inTErViEW woMeN iN AviAtioN #PinKSKy

he Air Traffic Controller performs a critical function in the aviation sector. It is a role in which a split second of delay in decision making or a totally wrong decision can be disastrous altogether. Air traffic controllers the world over have the unenviable task of controlling hundreds of airliners, and small planes in a well-synchronized manner. T The job of air traffic controlling is a notoriously stressful position, which requires intense concentration and paying great attention to detail. Slight changes in weather elements such as wind or surface temperature can alter the trajectory of the daily work plan. Aviation Magazine’s Tatenda Mutetwa caught up with Memory Janyure a Senior Air Traffic Controller at Harare International Airport to discuss what it takes to be an air traffic controller, her experiences and the role of weather in executing the duty.

TM: Hello, thank you for giving us this time to talk to MJ: It was quite challenging, considering that back then you. If you could please start by introducing yourself? traffic density was higher than what it is now and parking MJ: I am Memory Janyure, Senior Air Traffic Controller at space was a challenge at times. Nevertheless, it gave me Harare International Airport. great satisfaction when at the end of my shift everyone went home happy. Pilots were happy to have landed and TM: How did you become an air traffic controller? Is it taken off safely on schedule. As a controller, it is gratifying something you have always wanted or your paths just to have a shift free of either an incident or accident. crossed and you fell in love with it? MJ: Growing up, I wanted to be a , however, TM: Teamwork can never be understated, more so in when I saw an advertisement for air traffic controllers your line of work. Please explain to us how teamwork (ATC) by Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe I got excited forms a key component of your job? and applied for the position. I went through all the aptitude MJ: Teamwork plays a very important role in ATC. ATC tests, which I passed and got the job. entails handling multiple tasks under very limited time. The tasks include receiving and passing on information to TM: Tell us about your early years in the Air Traffic controllers in other sectors, pilots and also to supporting Control Tower. staff at the airport.

48 Aviation Magazine Vol 3 Supporting staff includes Airside Safety and Apron Management, Aviation Security, Briefing, Rescue and Firefighting Service, Customer Services as well as airline representatives. In essence ATC relies on good and effective teamwork to achieve its goals. There is need to have a cohesive team, which is flexible and co-operative. The pattern of aircraft movement, both in the sky and on the ground is ever changing. This calls for a very vigilant and cohesive team, not only of the controllers but for everyone involved in the safe and expeditious movement of aircraft. Breakdown in teamwork leads to consequences that can be serious and fatal at times. Personally, this breakdown leads to frustration, irritation leading to low morale and poor job satisfaction.

TM: At times you are the only female air traffic controller in your shift, how does it feel considering that this is a male dominated industry? MJ: During such times my male colleagues just treat me as one of them, performing the same duties as them. As certain extent. A particular example is a mechanical or a result, I never feel out of place, instead I feel am part of electrical fault on an aircraft that you will be controlling. the team. All I can do in the tower is helplessly watch and alert other emergency services, as the pilot tries to bring the aircraft TM: What are the challenges that you have faced as a safely down. female in this career? MJ: Like any other profession my work does have its TM: Which days can you say you will never forget in gender challenges. My job is closely regulated by CAAZ, the tower? as it subscribes to the standards and practices of the MJ: When I handle aircraft carrying Heads of State from International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO). Aviation different countries during functions like COMESA and industry requires surgical accuracy and precision, this UNWTO. These are the instances when I have seen poses challenges on ladies especially when pregnant. At the highest measure of teamwork among all concerned some point I was pregnant and in my third trimester I was including us, the air traffic controllers. assigned to lighter duties, which is frustrating especially for someone as passionate with their work as me. TM: What is the secret that keeps you going while on Then there was the resumption of night shift duty when duty? the child nursing period had lapsed and I had to report for MJ: I have this passion in me that makes me want to night duty only when the baby was only six (6) months old, succeed in everything I do in my life. I always tell myself which was a challenge for me since naturally, I had to go that if I managed to do it yesterday then I can also do against motherly instincts. it better today. I also tell myself I am representing the females in this male dominated profession so I should do TM: What are the highs and lows in your profession? everything well. I have to do well. MJ: The highs in my career come when I handle a shift so well that all aircraft land and take off safely with minimum TM: Any words of advice that you would give to young or no delay. When I look at the number of passengers and girls that would like to be Air Traffic Controllers? aircraft that I would have handled well in a given shift, I MJ: ATC is a high risk job, which needs a very attentive get this deep satisfaction that I would have done well in person who is vigilant at all times. As females we are my job. capable of doing that, we are capable to doing jobs The lows in my career come after experiencing an that traditionally were done by men. My advice is ‘IT IS incident/mishap or accident with an aircraft. That’s whenPOSSIBLE TO BE AN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER you realise that you can only control circumstances to a EVEN IF YOU ARE FEMALE.’ I have done it so can you!

Vol 3 Aviation Magazine 49 All iN A dAy’s worK

All In A Day’s Work is a feature, which focuses on a particular career within CAAZ highlighting the daily activities of the office bearer. This edition will focus on Tatenda Makunde a Senior Air Traffic Controller at JM Nkomo International Airport.

Name: Tatenda Makunde Role: Senior Air Traffic Controller Likes: Reading novels, cooking, spending time with my kids. Dislikes: exercising is a no (although it is recommended.) Favourite Job Aspect: Helping pilots to navigate safely in our airspace.

DAILY ACTIVITIES 1230: Arrival of afternoon traffic, update the Captain on ground weather especially wind speed, direction cloud coverage. 0430: I am an early bird and usually up by 04:30am and have 15 minutes of Zumba dance. In 1300: Lunch on the go. I love my sadza, though I my line of work I try to keep fit. should cut my daily intake, let’s just say am working on it. From the shower, prepare lunch boxes for 0500: 1400: End of shift, glad to end it without any my kids and dash off to work. incident. It is now time to handover to the afternoon shift. Start my shift by conducting runway 0600: Kid’s school for some chess cheerleading inspection, a controller must always ensure that the 1500: exercise. My daughter is an upcoming chess ace. movement areas for aircrafts are in good condition before departing or landing any aircrafts. I also 1600: Homework first before playing and cartoons conduct daily equipment checks, incoming and is the standing rule in our house. Help the girls with outbound flights information checks their home before the get to watch their cartoons. 1900: Supper time. Let the birds land!!!! Arrival of scheduled 0630: Bedtime for the little ones. Tuck the kids in morning flights from Harare and JHB and departures 1930: bed and pray before they sleep. and arrivals of the charters/private aircrafts. 2000: Getting organised for the next day if at 0930: Grab a quick break, tea time. It is about time home. to refuel with my rooibos tea, by the way without 2130: Some alone time whereby I will be sugar. I sit on a few airport committees; I usually catching up or updating myself on some work attend meetings round about this time during my documents. This includes latest updates on issues tea break. like navigation systems that are satellite based and drone regulations from The Controller Air Traffic 1030: Airspace brief for over-fliers and give them Management and CAAZ Aviation magazines. clearance to enter my airspace and control them 2200: Bedtime, as tomorrow awaits. to avoid incident with other aircraft in the airspace. This is where the art of flight separation comes into play.

50 Aviation Magazine Vol 3

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Vol 3 Aviation Magazine 51 flying tips Essential travel information

Tips for a Comfortable Flight • For your own comfort try and travel light. • Wear loose clothing and elasticated stockings made of natural fibre. • Increase your normal intake of water and only if need be drink alcohol but in moderation. • Use moisturising cream to keep your skin from drying out. • Take off shoes in the plane to prevent your feet from swelling up or wear shoes that will cope with What is prohibited on board an aircraft? expanding ankles. Generally, you must not take on board:- • Avoid heavy meals during • Firearms of any type including replicas or toys the flight. • Explosives including fireworks, flares, toy gun caps • Short walks once every two • Gases including compressed gas cylinders, tear gas, mace, pepper sprays, hours are excellent household aerosols for circulation. • Flammable materials including petrol, lighter fuel, paint, thinners, non- • Try to touch your toes safety matches, fire lighters, flammable glue when waiting in the aisle to • Poisons including weed killers, pesticides, insecticides stretch your hamstrings. • Corrosive substances including batteries, mercury, drain cleaners • On arrival at your • Other dangerous goods such as magnetised or radioactive material, toxic destination, have a or infectious substances like laboratory diagnostic samples hot shower or a relaxing • Recently, some airlines adopted banning the use and carriage of bath. Samsung Galaxy Note 7. (Please check on its status with your airline • On arrival a quick jog, brisk before traveling). walk, or a vigorous scrub • Hoover-boards will help stimulate • Laptops and other electrical devices on all flight to America from the your circulation. Middle east. (Please check with your airline)

52 Aviation Magazine Vol 3 flying tips

What is the What is the check-in baggage carry-on baggage allowance? allowance? Most economy passengers are economy class permitted to check in up to 20kg of passengers are baggage. (Passengers are requested to allowed one piece of check with their airlines as the baggage hand-carry baggage allowance may differ by destination weighing up to 7kg and type of ticket held.) For baggage (16lbs). This bag’s total in excess of the allowed weight, length, width and passengers may choose to either pay an height must measure excess baggage charge, or air freight it no more than 115cm to their destination as unaccompanied (46?). baggage.

Suggested Arrival Times To make your trip as enjoyable as possible, please allow enough time for check-in, security screening and boarding. Due to some lengthy security checkpoint waiting times, earlier arrivals are recommended. We recommend that you check in at least 3 hours before your flight is scheduled to depart.

Passport, Visa & Health Requirements Passport, visa and health requirements vary from country to country. Contact your travel agent or the nearest ticket office for current passport, visa and health requirements of the countries you are planning to travel to. Many countries require proof of return/ onward and sufficient funds for your stay. Please contact the nearest Consulate of the country to which you are traveling for additional information. Passengers, for instance, traveling on ethiopian Airlines between and who require entry visa to Schengen countries must have a valid multiple Schengen visa. Passengers holding a single Schengen visa already used to enter Sweden, Italy or another Schengen country cannot travel on ethiopian Airlines flight between Stockholm and Rome. This is necessary because the flight is operated as transit flight carrying international passengers beyond european airports. For more info visit www.evisa.gov.zw

Vol 3 Aviation Magazine 53 flying tips

Identification Cards (ID) Are there facilities to wrap Please remember to have your items or bags prior to government-issued picture ID card departure? available at all times. Note also that you yes there is a wrapping machine at the may be required to present proof of age Departures Hall. (such as a birth certificate) at the airport Services are offered by the NHS at a fee for children who may be traveling with in queries +263-4-575111 you. Customs Regulations Customs regulations and procedures that apply to travelers entering or exiting vary from country to country and are changed frequently. Contact your travel agent or the nearest ticket office for current customs regulations of countries you are planning to travel to. Agricultural Products Do your airports cater for Do you have smoking facilities? Several countries have restrictions disabled passengers and airport regarding importation of agricultural users? All of our international airports are products. Contact your travel agent equipped with smoking lounges in the or the nearest ticket office for current CAAZ is committed to providing world- departure terminal. restrictions on importation and export class facilities that meet the needs of of agricultural products. all airport users. Disabled people form an important part of that community and CAAZ has placed a strong focus Are airport tours available for on ensuring existing and new facilities schools? within our airports meet the particular yes. CAAZ conducts airport tours for needs of disabled travelers and disabled school children, colleges, community airport users. organizations and aviation enthusiasts. Interested parties should call Airport CAAZ Information Desk: + 263-4-585073-88 Facebook: Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe Manager +263-4-585073 or Customer Twitter: caaz_online Instagram: caazonline Services +263-4-585160 Parking: CarSafe +263-4-575633-4

54 Aviation Magazine Vol 3 flying tips WAYS TO MAKE YOURSELF COMFORTABLE BEFORE YOUR FLIGHT

A pleasurable flight seldom begins the moment one is up in the skies. The aesthetics of a memorable flight root from having a composed state of mind before the actual journey. The ability to feel comfortable and relaxed before boarding a plane is a precursor to how the whole trip will turn out.

BE ORGANISED Make sure you have everything you need. Travel as light as you can to avoid unnecessary expenditure of energy. Dress appropriately and make sure your outfit will allow you to add or subtract clothing in the event of change of whether. Need I remind you that you must check again and again if you have packed required documents? It is also of utmost importance to leave home on time.

REFRESH Take a shower, cold or warm. Many times people underestimate the stores and get to see precious jewels, maybe get something vitalising power of this exercise. It RELAX special for your loved one. Other retail shops sell antique refreshes your soul. After all this has been goods that are unique and real treasures. You will definitely KEEP FIRST THINGS FIRST done, the find something worth your money. There are various shops that sell candy and toys too. The kids can find something Get to the airport and check in on time. departure appealing to play with. There’s a variety of shops that sell a Locate your boarding gate first before lounge wide assortment of goods including clothing shops, liquor wandering about. Some airports are provides stores, bookstores, grocery shops the list is endless, choose very spacious. You don’t want to learn comfortable your love. when it’s too late that your boarding gate seats where is very far from your current location one can sit, CONNECT WITH THE WORLD and the boarding gates are closing. relax and Free Wi-Fi internet access at most airports adds to the You will need to avoid unnecessary savour the passenger experience. This allows you an opportunity to panic; it’s not good for the heart. moment as they connect with family and friends while updating and catching up on your social networks and e-mails. HAVE A GOOD MEAL await their There are various food outlets and boarding coffee shops at most airports that time. provide decent meals. The strong smell of coffee will call the coffee lovers home and the sweet aroma of divinely ENTERTAIN YOURSELF, DO WHAT prepared meals will get you drooling YOU LOVE MOST and ready to dig in. Do not deprive Some people are not easily amused. In that case bring your hobbies to the your stomach of a good meal. You are airport. If you love music then bring along your gadget with your favourite prohibited from starving at all costs. kind of music, watch movies on your laptop or mobile phone or carry that SHOPPING SPREE novel you love most. Remember ‘wherever you go no matter the weather, You can also wander about in jewellery you should bring your own sunshine.’ Vol 3 Aviation Magazine 55 FOCUS: Drone tAlK with GeorGe MAShABABe

INTEGRATING REMOTELy PILOTED AIRCRAFT SySTEMS (RPAS) IN CIVIL AVIATION OPERATIONS IN ZIMBABWE

ABSTRACT. Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAs) have evolved rapidly over the past decade. An increasing number of studies aiming at improving RPAs and their use for different civil applications have been instituted. This article highlights the fundamentals of RPAs and examines the challenges related with the major components such as motors, drives, power systems, communication systems and image processing tools and equipment. The article will also highlight progress made in Zimbabwe for regulating RPAs importation, registration and operation.

INTRODUCTION purposes such as border & coastal patrol and monitoring, RPAs technology is one of most prominent advancements homeland security, law enforcement & disaster operations, in the market and includes an aircraft that launches and search & rescue, Satellite augmentation systems, they are flies without a human on-board. The main motive of this the basic means for battle management, ability provider technology is reducing causalities, during flights. The and they give consciousness to the war fighters and system is currently working and in development stage. provide observation and supervision to commanders. These RPAs use Aerodynamic Forces for generating lift and they can carry either destructive or more rewarding loads. In recent times, there has been a shift on the use of RPAs RPAs are fully automated and are designed to carry out to civil purposes such as fire detection and firefighting numerous functions ranging from reconnaissance to aerial management, environmental monitoring, communication photography, land surveying, search and rescue missions industry, agricultural monitoring, natural vegetation etc and technology advancement has opened unique paths classification, erosion monitoring, digital mapping & for specialization in terms of use of these aircraft. RPAs planning/land management, feature identification, have few different components for maintaining stability and temporal mapping of landscape dynamics, search and to satisfy mission requirements. rescue missions, communications and broadcast services, precision agriculture and fisheries, ground transportation The main parts are engines, autopilot system, mission monitoring and control, Air traffic control support, Power planning system, communications, navigation, transmission transmission line monitoring, Environmental research & Air management system, Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) quality management/control and Protecting wildlife etc. recovery, test and evaluation. RPAs utilise a combination of human and software intelligence. For example, the ground RPAs have a wide range of characteristics that make them control station is manned by highly trained crew who different from conventional aircraft. RPA systems include control the RPA using software intelligence. many subsystems that are important to achieve their missions. The systems consist of the aircraft pay load, In more complex operations, the crew are totally replaced ground control station, communication equipment, and by computer systems that are pre-programmed before the power subsystem, launch and recovery subsystems. The mission starts or remotely controlled by human input. And payload is based on the mission of the RPAs. It includes the aircraft is controlled and managed by Global Positioning cameras, motors, drives, batteries, water, monitoring System (GPS), which navigates the RPAs using software system and communication relays. This article is also and signals transmitted through data link with the help of addressing the challenges of integration of RPAs operations GPS which acts as a navigator. in the civilian world.

RPAs were firstly designed for military applications for Communication systems play an important role in RPA

56 Aviation Magazine Vol 3 operations since it is required to operate with less human efforts. The communication system of RPAs could be divided into three different parts: the ground control station (GCS), the transceiver on the aircraft and finally the radio communication link between the control station and the aircraft. The challenge lies in maintaining reliable data communication between the RPA and the ground station to ensure stability of flight and safety of other users of the same airspace. However, the system design ensures that there is always reliable data transmission as long as the RPA flies within the distance limitations prescribed by the manufacturer. The following design features are critical to ensure stability and safety: • Ground control station (GCS) The control station is normally the centre where the operation and mission of the RPA are managed and monitored. It is considered as the interface between the human and aircraft. The operator sends commands to the RPA via the GCS during the uplink operation to control and guide the RPA on its mission. Meanwhile, in the civilian world is operation in controlled airspace, the GCS receives data from the RPA during the downlink operation over private property and possible mid-air and forwards it to the operator. The data may include collision with other aircraft. The challenge is mitigated by position information, mission status and other important the inbuilt intelligent system that detects and avoids other information. objects. In addition, the Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe • The communication link has drafted the regulations to preclude the possibility of The need to establish high performance link requires the unauthorised flights into controlled airspace, collision of characterization of the radio communication channel RPA with another aircraft or other obstacle height limitation between the RPA and the ground station. devices. • Aircraft system The communication system on the RPA consists Major of civil and commercial market barriers include: Lack of antennas and air data terminal (ADT) which includesairspace regulation that covers all types of RPAs systems transceiver, modems and processers. This system is (encompassing ‘sense and avoid’, airspace integration important to communicate with the GCS or even GCS withand airworthiness issues); Affordability-price and other RPAs. RPA antenna requires special considerationcustomization issues (e.g. commercial off-the-shelf, open such as smaller size, lighter weight and larger gain. modular architecture); efforts to establish joint customer requirements; Liability for civil operation; capacity for RPA SySTEM CORRUPTION: payload flexibility; Sensor technology and miniaturization; Any system corruption may lead to huge environmental Lack of secure non-military frequency for civil operation; disaster; RPAs cannot make decision without human perceived reliability (e.g. RPA attrition rate vs. manned intelligence and cost of RPAs is slightly higher compared aircraft); operator training issues; recognition/customer to equipment in their category due to the usage of high perception; technology developments for multi-mission technology and advanced systems. The design of the capability and international barriers for use. RPAs has been done in such a way that there is: • Minimum interference from foreign radio ; RPAS REGULATIONS REqUIREMENTS • The software used is closed and therefore less Article 8 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, susceptible to corruption by viruses and other signed at Chicago on 7 December 1944 and amended corrupting influences. by the ICAO Assembly (Doc 7300), clearly obliges each Contracting State to ensure that all “pilotless’ aircraft SHARING OF THE AIRSPACE AND OTHER obviate danger to civil aircraft. ICAO reiterated the urgent COMMERCIAL BARRIERS: need for States to develop and implement effective Another challenge in the integration of RPAs operations regulations in this regard. ICAO has developed an online

Vol 3 Aviation Magazine 57 unmanned aircraft system (UAS) toolkit to assist States with legal drafting principles to the Layman draft RPAs regulations developing national regulations for domestic operations, the inclusive of stakeholder inputs. The draft RPAs regulations UAS toolkit can be found at www.icao.int/rpas. have received their first reading in the Zimbabwe Parliament through the Parliamentary Portfolio Committee responsible The Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment (No.20), 2013, for legal issues. When all requirements of the Zimbabwe chapter 2, section 8 under Zimbabwe national objectives, legal system are satisfied, the RPAs regulations shall be mandates Zimbabwe as a State and all institutions and promulgated through assignment of a Statutory Instrument agencies of government at every level to formulate and number and shall come into force. implement laws and policy decisions that will lead to the establishment, enhancement and promotion of a CONCLUSION sustainable, just, free and democratic society in which It can be summarised that RPAs have the potential to make people enjoy prosperous, happy and fulfilling lives. a huge impact on the civil aviation domain; however, this technology is underutilized to a large extent. The major Chapter 13:16, Civil Aviation Act, 1998, as amended, provide setbacks for this technology not being fully utilised is mostly for the Minister responsible for Aviation in Zimbabwe, after lack of awareness and understanding of the existence of consultation with the CAAZ Board, to make regulations this technology and its application in civil aviation. The prescribing anything which in terms of the Act is required regulations at the same time, cost of the RPA system is or permitted to be prescribed or which, in his opinion, is rather high and the maintenance costs are a bit elevated. To necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out boost the application of this technology in the commercial or giving effect to the Act. world, manufacturers, related companies and individuals have to organise frequent promotional programmes. The Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe (CAAZ) Layman Furthermore, manufacturers have to manufacture the RPAs draft RPAs regulations was workshopped for inputs, which are affordable for the common people, which can comments and critiquing from all stakeholders in March be useful for small-scale purpose. This will help the people 2016. The CAAZ submitted the Layman draft RPAs to understand the benefits of RPAs. In the future RPAs will regulations with all stakeholder inputs to the Transport be recognized as core to commercial and defence sectors and Infrastructural Development ministry as part to thedevelopment. promulgation process. A team comprising representatives We all know RPAs can deliver death on the battlefield or from the Attorney General’s office, the Transport and missions as assigned; on the other hand, RPAs might soon Infrastructural Development ministry and the CAAZ effected be delivering presents to our doorsteps.

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