"SINGHA DURBAR" a Television, Radio Drama, and Outreach Initiative to Create Possibilities for a Collaborative Political Culture in the Public Imagination

"SINGHA DURBAR" A television, radio drama, and outreach initiative to create possibilities for a collaborative political culture in the public imagination

USAID Cooperative Agreement No. AID-367-A-14-00001 FINAL REPORT 2014 - 2018 Submitted to: USAID Nepal Submitted by Search for Common Ground - Nepal Tel: (+977) 4002011

Table of Contents

Executive Summary 3

Country Context 4

Progress made on activities and outputs in 2015 6

Progress made on activities and outputs in 2016 8

Progress made on activities and outputs in 2017 14

Progress made on activities and outputs in 2018 18

What Works: A compilation of best practices from Singha Durbar TV series 23

Success story and Op-eds 25

Monitoring and Evaluation 32

Preliminary findings from SD Viewership Survey 36

Conclusion 39

Executive Summary: Search for Common Ground (Search) under the USAID Cooperative Agreement No. AID-367-A-14-00001 successfully implemented the Singha Durbar project from the time period of 2014 to 2018. The media project was touted as a ‘breakthrough’ in Nepali development communications scene, as it successfully demonstrated the use of trans-media, pairing it with traditional media to create a dialogue and discussion around governance, women’s leadership, and the public-government collaboration in the changing governance narrative of Nepal. The five years of the project were implemented at a critical point when Nepal’s governance narrative made a tectonic shift from a centralized to a more decentralized structure. The media products featured in the project - the TV series, the radio programs - in both local and national languages, mobile application, photo-novellas, along with localized dialogues, and policy-level discussions not only supported in enhancing knowledge on governance but also created an enabling environment for both the citizens and the government actors to discuss their roles in the changing governance structure of the country.

All activities were implemented according to the three specific objectives mentioned in the agreement.

Specific Objective 1: To increase public knowledge of government functions at the local and national levels and foster constructive citizen-government engagement Specific Objective 2: To promote positive role models for leadership and governance through popular culture

Specific Objective 3: To foster dialogues at multiple levels to create a shared national vision for leadership and governance

Through a an episode television series and a transmedia approach, Search also reinforced this critical message of collaboration between the leaders and the citizens through photo- novellas, a mobile application, and the strategic use of push SMS reaching out to more than 90,000 individuals. There are success stories and evidences to suggest that the TV series and the prolific use of trans-media has strengthened public and government relations, and inspired current day leaders to understand that good governance cannot be achieved if leaders don't listen and involve the public, because the key to becoming a good leader, according to the TV series is collaboration. A Nepali Times review of the series states, “Reel life politicians in Singha Durbar are doing what Nepal’s real life elected governments stubbornly refuse to do: protect the health of citizens. Viewers on tv and YouTube can learn how a government should function while being entertained – this is infotainment with a powerful contemporary message.”

The viewership survey of the TV series is on-going, and the initial results shows that the second season of the TV series will reach out to 10 million viewers. Given the validation that the TV series has received from the Nepali audience - both home and abroad, and the endorsement of the series from various line-ministries and high-level political leaders, it would be justified to state that the successful completion of the Singha Durbar project has contributed in educating, making aware, and inspiring both the leaders and the citizens to work together for the best interest of the country.

3 Country context: Nepal stands in the threshold of a historic moment, as the country moves forward to implement the federalization process, which puts an end to the unitary system of governance, to a more decentralized form of governance. The success of the local elections which took place after a gap of 20 years, revitalized the absence of democratic practice, and paved way for the discussion around governance reform, inclusive democracy, and restoration of rights of the people. But despite these progressions, the visible political tensions which erupted post-declaration of federalism with the Madhesi party calling a boycott of the constitution naming it as a “regressive” document, and the debacles of federalism process in behest of lack of knowledge, role clarity, and orientation of the elected representatives have dampened the spirit of the people. This in turn has created a visible trust deficit between the government and the people. As the country heads to a more decentralized structure, the trust deficit among the elected representatives and the citizens has caused a ripple of dispute and confusion, which has severely affected citizens’ participation in the meaningful implementation of federalism. A 2018 report by the Asia Foundation reveals that, “over one-third of Nepalis (34.3%) think the country is headed the wrong way.” Whereas, 48.3% respondents from Province 2 feel that the country is heading in the wrong direction.

Similarly, the alarming rise of gender based violence cases has further estranged relations between service seekers and providers. The rape case of a 13 years old in Kanchanpur, and media reports on the involvement of the local police, and political influence to subside the incident to protect the culprit has influenced the criticism towards the government’s integrity and stand, as this incident has stained the credibility of the government, the system, and posed a threat to the accountability and transparency in the governance structure. The power struggle between the provincial and the local government, and boycotting of local policies and plans as a result of unclear mandate and structures have further disrupted the federalization process.

To further provide evidence on the lack of trust in the federalization system, the Governance Facility (GF) report found that, “The political transition and unclear mandates of the three tiers of the government has severely affected the service delivery process, which has further strained relations between citizens and the government.” A 2017 Asia Foundation Report states that, “Forty-four percent of respondents said that federal reform will lead to tangible improvements in their lives, and 45.6% said that the promulgation of the new constitution is a step forward. Whereas, 17% said it is too early to tell whether the constitution is a step forward; 24.6% said it is too soon to tell if federalism will lead to improvements; and 26.7% felt the same about local-level restructuring.”

The local elections also saw a landmark victory for women leadership in Nepal. Women attained 33% of seats at the federal, 34% at Provincial and 41% at the local levels. Furthermore, the election of 93% of women in Deputy Mayor positions across the country is a significant step towards harnessing the meaningful participation of women in national- level policies and politics, strategically placed to play a key role as vital governance actors. The power vested upon the elected women officials, especially their role in the judicial committee, and local decision-making bodies are considered to be the second wave of change for women leaders, and their leadership in Nepal. But challenges still exist, as an undertone of patriarchy and the resistance for women leaders in the society hinders the prospect of women leadership, and also magnifies the hostility that women leaders face in the absence of women role models, and lack of acceptance for their leadership.

4 A 2015 leadership survey conducted by Search for Common Ground suggests that 64% of the respondents feel that the current pool of leaders lack a sense of responsibility towards the country. Furthermore, while discussing the leadership attributes and traits, 80% of respondents considered honesty as a key attribute of leadership. Followed by, discipline, decisiveness, courage, and humility. More than 75% of the respondents expressed that Nepal lacked leaders with these attributes.

The staggering lack of confidence of the people in the leaders, and the mounting dissatisfaction towards the functioning of federalism, coupled with the lack of capacity and clarity in mandates from the part of the elected representatives, and the growing tension between the people and the government, charters an uneven path for democracy, and governance in Nepal. Furthermore, if this situation is not addressed, there is a looming threat of conflict, and loss of the historic momentum garnered post-constitution - when the country, and the leaders vowed to work together for peace, prosperity and good governance.

Progress made on activities and outputs in 2015 FIRST QUARTER of United States Government (USG) Financial Year (October - December 2015) Activities Planned Activities Implemented Activity Stream #1 - Curriculum Development SFCG developed the curriculum documents for all of the project’s media Curriculum products in the first year of the project. Development Activity Stream #2 and #2.1 - Radio drama series GGSD and Sangor

Production, and SFCG and AFN co-produced the final two episodes of GGSD (episodes no. Broadcast of GGSD 49 and 50) and broadcast it on October 10, 2015, bringing the radio and Sangor show to an end. Similarly, SFCG and NW co-produced the final 10 episodes (episodes no. 233 to 242) of Sangor during the first quarter of this year and ended the broadcast on December 12, 2015. Activity Stream #3 – SD Television Series

Post Production Mila Productions Private Limited (Mila) started the post production process in June 2015 and continued with all the post production activities, which also included editing, dubbing, and color corrections, during this quarter. The post production continued until January 2016.

Broadcast SFCG started the broadcast of Singha Durbar (SD) TV series from November 15, 2015. The series was broadcast from Nepal Television

6 every Sunday at 8:50 pm with repeat broadcast on Monday at 2:30 pm. SD was also broadcast free of cost by eight local TV stations (please refer to table 6 in this report for the list of local TV stations). The TV series broadcast ended on February 7, 2016. As per the viewership survey conducted in March 2016, 4.67 million people watched Singha Durbar. Activity Stream #4 – Promotional Activities including Social Media

Promotion of radio SFCG along with AFN continued with the promotion of GGSD until the dramas GGSD and end of broadcast on October 10, 2015. Similarly, NW ended Sangor’s Sangor promotion on December 12, 2015. Radio advertisement of both radio dramas mentioned that GGSD and Sangor were both produced with financial support from USAID. For GGSD, 50 broadcasting partner radio stations (i.e. those that are funded for the broadcast) aired the radio advertisements 15 times per week at strategic times. For Sangor, the 10 broadcasting radio stations (only funded ones) aired the radio advertisements 5 times per day at different strategic times.

Promotion of SD SFCG along with partner Ad Media started with the promotion of the TV television Drama series on August 2015 and continued with it throughout the first quarter of this reporting period. The following activities took place during this quarter: - Advertisements in Nagarik National Daily. - Articles/ interviews of cast and crew of SD in national dailies and magazines promoting the TV series. - Social media push promotion on Facebook. - Placement of the hoarding and highway boards. Activity Stream #5 – Policy White Papers

Consultation: In the first quarter of this reporting year, SFCG and policy partner SIAS National level Policy organized Think Tank Forums on seven (out of eight) thematic issues. Think Tank Forums The forum was successful in bringing together a group of participants, experts, journalists, and other stakeholders working on the respective thematic issues. During the forum, research fellows presented their respective papers followed by a discussion. The one remaining paper on Health and Nutrition was discussed among experts from USAID and related officials from other organizations before finalizing the policy briefs for review by SFCG and USAID.

Policy Papers: Following the Think Tank Forums, research fellows of the eight Research and writing thematic papers adopted the suggestions put forward by the Think Tank on all thematic areas group and produced the final papers. Four thematic papers were finalized this quarter for review by SFCG and USAID.

Activity Stream #6 – Outreach

Outreach activities SFCG continued with the SD project outreach activities this quarter, including the following activities: - Facilitated screening and policy dialogue with national political leaders in Pokhara, Kaski. - Facilitated screening and policy dialogue with local and upcoming

7 political leaders in Pokhara, Kaski. - Public Screenings of SD TV series in Kathmandu, Dhanusa, Morang, Sunsari, Kailali, Banke, Bardia, Mahottari, and Rupandehi districts. - Uploading episodes of SD TV series with English subtitles to YouTube following their broadcast on Nepal Television. - Revived SFCG Nepal’s flagship discussion program ‘Farakilo Dhart’ or ‘Wider Earth’ to cover issues and hold discussions related to good governance and leadership. - Publicity of Singha Durbar (SD) TV series through American Corner Information Centers. - Publicity of SD TV series through screening and facilitated dialogues in universities.

Progress made on activities and outputs in 2016

SECOND QUARTER of USG Financial Year (January – March 2016) Activities Planned Activities Achieved Activity Stream #3 – SD Television Series Post Production Mila completed the post-production phase, as planned, by the end of January 2016. The process included editing, dubbing and color correction.

Broadcast SFCG completed the broadcast of SD TV series, as planned, on February 7, 2016. The TV series started its broadcast on Nepal Television on November 15, 2015, Sunday at 8:50 pm with repeat broadcast on Monday at 2:30 pm. SD was also being broadcast free of charge by nine local TV stations.

Following the end of broadcast, SFCG conducted a viewership survey in its working districts. The survey indicated the viewership rate at 14.34% with the TV series fostering dialogue amongst the people. Please refer to the monitoring an evaluation section of this report for the full detail. Activity Stream #4 – Promotional Activities including Social Media Promotion of the SFCG along with partner Ad Media continued with the promotions of SD TV SD TV series series until the end of SD’s broadcast, i.e. February 7, 2016. During this period, the following activities were carried out: - Advertisement in Nagarik National Daily. - Articles/interviews of cast and crew of SD in national dailies and magazines promoting the TV series. - Social media push promotion on Facebook. - Placement of the hoarding and highway boards. - SMS alert notification to 3000+ mobile phone users, targeting political leaders, upcoming political leaders, policy makers, civil society leaders and general population.

Activity Stream #5 – Policy White Papers

8 Policy Papers: Following the Think Tank Forums, and various consultations with thematic Research and experts from USAID, research fellows of the eight thematic papers adopted writing on all the suggestions and comments and produced the final policy briefs for thematic areas review. The papers were shared with USAID during this quarter for further comments and suggestions.

Activity Stream #6 – Outreach Outreach SFCG continued with the SD project outreach activities this quarter, activities including the following activities: - Two days Facilitated Screening and Dialogue with local political leaders in Nepalgunj, Banke and Biratnagar, Morang. - Half day Facilitated Screening and Dialogue with local and upcoming political leaders in Nepalgunj, Banke; Biratnagar, Morang; Janakpur, Dhanusa and Dhangadi, Kailali. - Public Screenings of SD TV series continued until the end of February in Kathmandu, Dhanusa, Morang, Sunsari, Kailali, Banke, Bardia, Mahottari, Nawalparasi, and Rupandehi districts. - SD TV series were uploaded with English subtitles to YouTube following their broadcast on Nepal Television. All 13-episdoes are now available on YouTube for viewing. - SFCG continued with the production and broadcast of the flagship talk show of SFCG, ‘Farakilo Dhart’ or ‘Wider Earth’, to cover issues and hold discussions related to good governance and leadership until February 14, 2016. - Screening of SD TV series through American Corner Information Centers in Bhairawaha, Biratnagar, Dhangadi, Illam, Pokhara and Surkhet. The TV series was also screened at events of Safer World, NDI and Women Lead Nepal. - SD TV series through screening and facilitated dialogues in Kathmandu University in Kathmandu, Pokhara University in Pokhara and Purbanchal University in Biratnagar. Screenings of SD also took place in various colleges in the working project districts. Please refer to Annex 3 for the full list of screenings.

THIRD QUARTER of USG Financial Year (April – June 2016) Activities Planned Activities Achieved Activity Stream #1 - Curriculum Development Curriculum Following the extension of the project on April 1, 2016, during this quarter, Development SFCG planned for the script writing process of SD 2 and also to conduct a multi-step, participatory process to develop key messages and intended outcomes of the show in the next quarter. The Curriculum Summit of SD 2 will ensure that the TV show is deeply rooted in the realities of Nepal’s government and national politics. During the curriculum development process, political party leaders, government officials, civil society leaders, technical experts, media and other key stakeholders will share their ideas for messages and storylines for the second season of SD.

Activity Stream #3 – SD Television Series (Script Development)

9 Hiring of writers SFCG published a call for full time consultancy positions for one lead writer, three to five writers, one dialogue writer (in Nepali language) and one translator (Nepali to English) on April 25, 2016. All applications were reviewed by SFCG but did not meet the set criteria. The process of the first call took an unexpected amount of time as the panel reviewed 21 resumes and sample scripts and shortlisted four candidates to hold interview sessions with. They were marked on the basis of experience, sample, thematic knowledge, creativity, and technical aspects. Following the interview, the documents were shared with the executive producer of SD TV series, Deborah Jones. After consultations with Deborah, a second ‘Call for Writers’ was hence, published on June 22, 2016. SFCG was in the process of reviewing applications in the next quarter.

Themes for SD 2 SFCG started compiling the list of potential themes for SD 2 from June 2016. The themes were based on the issues raised by the audience, collected through feedback forms during public screenings in the projects working districts (Kailali, Banke, Kaski, Dhanusa, Morang, Rupandehi and Kathmandu). Activity Stream #5 – Policy White Papers Review and Re- SFCG re-worked the draft policy papers submitted by SIAS during this writing of Policy quarter. During this phase, Dr. Maneshka Eliatamby, Senior Asia Region Papers Manager of SFCG held consultations and meetings with experts, government officials, and civil society organizations among others for all eight policy briefs. Considering the time frame, it was a challenge to conduct interviews with experts and government officials.

Activity Stream #6 – Outreach Photo Novella Following the extension of the project on April 3, 2016, SFCG started the partner selection for the production of Photo Novella. It published a call for graphic designers (companies and individuals) on April 25, 2016. SFCG shortlisted two companies and one individual and awarded Ad Media Private Limited with a service contract. Simultaneously, Abinash Bikram Shah, lead writer of SD 1, was also hired to edit and write the scripts for the Novellas. SFCG also created a format for the scripting of the Novellas and a timeline was set for Ad Media.

Mobile After mapping out the mobile developing companies, two selected Application and companies (Kazi Studios Private Limited and Young Innovations Private Website Limited) presented their ideas and plan for the Singha Durbar mobile app. Following the presentation, SFCG also identified Galli Galli, a not-for-profit company, as a resource partner to make the mobile app beneficial for users. Therefore, SFCG called upon Kazi Studios and convened a joint meeting with Galli Galli and requested the two organizations to work together and to chart out a plan to make the mobile application consumer worthy and sustainable. The mobile app will host links to SD 1 (through YouTube), all photo novellas, episodes of GGSD and Sangor (through Sound Cloud) and will also host information regarding processes in various government offices. The idea of the app is to inform the general public through the app about government procedures before they visit the offices.

SFCG was also simultaneously working for the development of the website of Singha Durbar project. The website, as per plan, was hosted on SFCG’s website (www.sfcg.org). The section dedicated to Singha Durbar had all details of the project along with links to SD 1, Policy Papers, Photo Novellas, and radio shows among other things.

Facilitated SFCG contracted three of the four public screening partners based on their Screening and performance in the first phase. Far West Media Development Centre Dialogue (FMDC) in Dhangadi; Human Rights Protections and Legal Service Centre (HRPLSC) in Nepalgunj; and Kashyapi Research Consultancy and Training (KRCT) Private Limited in Pokhara started organizing public screenings in their respective districts from July 2016. SFCG will contract one more public screening partner in Biratnagar, Morang in the next quarter. Furthermore, SFCG’s regional offices in Janakpur and Butwal were able to start public screenings of SD 1 from June 2016 with relevant stakeholders and also general public, to scale up the wider impact of the TV series after the month long Terai unrest and uncertainties. The screenings will target political and upcoming political leaders, women and marginalized groups, government officials, members of the civil societies and youth leaders.

FOURTH QUARTER of USG Financial Year (July – September 2016) Activities Planned Activities Achieved Activity Stream #3 – SD Television Series (Script Development) Hiring of writers During the fourth quarter of this year, SFCG received very few applications on its second ‘call for writers’. One applicant was shortlisted along with another writer from the first call. During this period, SFCG locked on four writers and moved forward with the contractual process. The four writers are 1. Abinash Bikram Shah, 2. Ellum Dixit, 3. Emanuel Shah, 4. Bishal Sapkota and 5. Sahara Sharma.

Themes for SD 2 During the fourth quarter of this year, SFCG further developed the themes for SD 2 with input from Lena Slachmuijlder, Vice President, Programs at SFCG. The themes, once developed and compiled, will be shared with USAID and will also be further shared and discussed upon during the Curriculum Summit.

Activity Stream #5 – Policy White Papers Refinement of SFCG, during this quarter, focused on the refinement of the policy briefs. Policy Papers For the refinement, eight separate thematic experts were recruited by SFCG. Under the guidance of Dr. Bhola Prasad Dahal, Country Director, SFCG, the experts have submitted two drafts of the papers. Upon finalization of the papers, it will be shared with USAID for review and comments.

Activity Stream #6 – Outreach Photo Novella The Photo Novella production partner, Ad Media, was able to provide the first and second set of layout and design of the Novella to SFCG during this

11 quarter. After reviewing the designs, comments and suggestions were forwarded to the partner. SFCG will further work with the partner and polish the designs. The layout and designs will be shared with USAID.

Mobile SFCG sealed the partnership with Kazi Studios in the fourth quarter of this Application and year and development of the application has begun. In the first phase, Kazi Website Studio submitted a work plan and is working on the design and layouts of the application. Similarly, Galli Galli, a not-for-profit organization, has also started revising and updating the data set which will be integrated in the mobile application.

SFCG was also simultaneously working for the development of the website of Singha Durbar project. The purpose of the website is to collate all productions and information of SD project, which will include links to all 13 episodes of SD, link to all 52 episodes of GGSD and 26 episodes of Sangor. Photo Novellas and policy papers will also be uploaded to the website, once completed. News articles related to the projects will have a section. The website, from a sustainability point of view, will be based inside SFCG’s website (www.sfcg.org/nepal).

Facilitated During the fourth quarter of this year, SFCG continued with all the Screening and screening events of SD1 in Dhangadi, Kailali; Nepalgunj, Banke; Pokhara, Dialogue Kaski; Janakpur, Dhanusa; and Butwal, Rupandehi. From September 2016, facilitated screenings and dialogues also began in Biratnagar, Morang. In total 74 screening have been organized by the end of this quarter.

FIRST QUARTER of United States Government (USG) Financial Year (October 2016 - December 2016) Activities Planned Activities Achieved Activity Stream #1 - Curriculum Development Curriculum Development Search Nepal organized Curriculum Summit's for Gaun Gaun ma Singha Durbar (GGSD) and Singha Durbar (SD), season 1 in the first year of the project. The third Curriculum Summit, upon extension of the project with the continuation of Activity Stream #3: Singha Durbar TV series in 2016, the Curriculum Summit for SD 2 took place on October 2016. The Summit used a participatory approach to develop key messages and intended outcomes of the show to connect to the realities of Nepal’s government and politics. Representatives from political parties, civil society, and experts along with Search Nepal’s team participated during all of the event. A curriculum document was, hence, developed based on the views from the participants.

Activity Stream #3 – SD Television Series (Script Development)

12 Consultation Meetings Search Nepal organized 30 consultation meetings with government officials (including the Secretary of Ministry of Federal and Local Affairs), thematic experts and civil society members. The objective of these meetings was to inform the writers about the current political and governance state of the country so as to make the scripts for the second season of SD more realistic and grounded. Search Nepal also organized one consultation meeting in each of its working districts (Kailali, Banke, Dhanusa, Morang, and Kaski) with government officials, civil society members and political party representatives to capture the local context for the TV series in the first quarter. These will further inform the writers of the local context and issues that persists in the districts, to be reflected in the second season of SD TV series.

Story Writing Clinics and Search Nepal organized two separate Story Writing Clinics to Themes for SD 2 further the script development process of SD 2 during this reporting period. The first Story Writing Clinic took place from November 29 to December 3, 2016 and then again from December 19 to 26, 2016. During these sessions, the Script Development Team finalized on the timeline of the TV series for season 2. The team also locked on the characters of the TV series for the second season along with their personal story arcs. Search Nepal also blocked six themes for six episodes of the TV series and proceeded with the writing process.

Activity Stream #5 – Issue Papers Review and Re-writing of Search Nepal, during the first quarter, worked on the second and Issue Papers final draft in close consultation with the eight experts hired by Search Nepal for the refinement of the policy briefs. Under the guidance of Dr. Bhola Prasad Dahal, Country Director at Search Nepal, individual experts refined the papers and edited the papers in-depth. The organization also started the designing and layout of the Issue briefs.

Activity Stream #6 – Outreach Photo Novella During this reporting quarter, Search Nepal shared the designs of the Photo Novella with USAID. Upon USAID’s recommendation, Search Nepal and production partner designed a dual language novella, which was also shared with USAID. During this quarter, Search Nepal also decided to cut short the script to make more space for the comic design in the novella, which subsequently delayed the designing process. The new scripting format provides more space for designing and also made it visually appealing.

Mobile Application Search Nepal held consultation meetings with the mobile application and resource partner during this quarter. A layout of

13 the application was developed and shared with USAID. The information and processes of various government offices was prepared by the resource partner while a format for the same had been fixed, to expedite the designing process of the layout. To make the application thought-provoking, Search Nepal also worked with Facts Nepal, an independent research company, to integrate their content in the application.

Website Search Nepal also simultaneously worked for the development of the website of Singha Durbar project. During this reporting quarter, Search Nepal worked towards finalizing the layout and content of the website. The portal will include links to all 13 episodes of SD, link to all 52 episodes of GGSD and 26 episodes of Sangor. Photo Novellas and policy papers will also be uploaded to the website.

Facilitated Screening and During this reporting quarter, Search Nepal completed 43 Dialogue screenings of SD 1 in Dhangadi, Kailali; Nepalgunj, Banke; and Pokhara, Kaski. In total 132 screenings were organized by the end of this quarter.

Progress made on activities and outputs in 2017

SECOND QUARTER of USG Financial Year (January 2017 – March 2017) Activities Planned Activities Achieved Activity Stream #3 – SD Television Series (Script Development) Consultation Meetings Search Nepal continued with the consultation process during this reporting quarter. Through these meetings, the writers’ understanding of political affairs and workings of the various branches of the government was amplified. Different anecdotes from experts and officials further helped the writers to make the stories more realistic and grounded. In total, Search Nepal scheduled 24 consultation meetings in the first two quarters of USG financial year.

Search Nepal, during these consultations, also shared and elaborated the outlines with the experts to corroborate information and facts. The objective of this activity was to make sure that all stories were relevant and that it reflected the reality with the image of positive leadership and collaboration at the helm. This has further helped the writers in finalizing the elaborate outlines and individual story arcs, especially with the portrayal of issues and challenges faced in each and every episode of SD 2. The second season of the TV series has 10 different themes and five cross-cutting themes.

14 Story Writing Clinic and Search Nepal organized one Story Writing Clinic to further the Themes for SD 2 script development process of SD 2 during this reporting period. The Story Writing Clinic took place from January 25 to 27, 2017 in Kathmandu. During the clinic, the Script Development Team finalized on the timeline for individual writers and for the completion of activity. The team finalized all characters along with the storylines and themes for season 2.

Script Writing Process Following the Story Writing Clinic during this reporting quarter, the writers developed and elaborated outlines. This was reviewed by the producer, Media Manager and Media Specialist and feedback was given on the story plots and flow of the story. Upon approval of the outlines, the writers continued with the script writing process.

Activity Stream #5 – Issue Papers Review and Re-writing of During the second quarter, Search Nepal worked on the second Issue Papers draft finalized the Issue Papers. All eight Issue Papers were then sent for editing for their language, flow and projection. Search Nepal also finalized the design template of the Issue Papers to expedite the process.

Activity Stream #6 – Outreach Photo Novella Search Nepal completed the scripting process, with English language added. As per the proposal, the novellas were envisioned in Nepali language. Upon suggestion from USAID, the organization decided to have the novellas in both Nepali and English languages, catering to a larger mass. The designing of all 13 Photo Novellas (first draft) was completed and reviewed by Search Nepal during this reporting period. Mobile Application During this reporting period, Search Nepal shared with USAID Nepal the design of the application on the web. Both organizations checked the applicability of the mobile app and provided feedback to the developer. The feedbacks were addressed while Search Nepal corroborated information for the governance section of the application. The application is in the final developing phase.

Search Nepal also completed the designs and layout of the Website website of Singha Durbar project. As per plan, the website will be officially launched during the launch ceremony of photo novella and mobile application.

Facilitated Screening and Search Nepal completed the facilitated screening and dialogue Dialogue activity during this reporting period. In total, Search Nepal organized 163 screenings of SD 1 in Kailali, Banke, Kaski, Morang, Dhanusa, Rupandehi, Siraha, Kapilvastu, Dang and Nawalparasi distrcits after the extension in April 2016.

15 THIRD QUARTER of USG Financial Year (April 2017 – June 2017) Activities Planned Activities Achieved Activity Stream #3 – SD Television Series (Script Development) Re-Broadcast Search Nepal completed the re-broadcast of SD TV series, season 1. The organization approved the request from AP1 TV to re- broadcast the TV series in High Definition (HD). Seizing the opportunity, Search Nepal was able to secure two time slots, Sundays at 7pm and 10pm. The broadcast began in April and ended in June 2017.

Script Writing Process During this reporting period, Search Nepal worked towards finalizing the political storyline of SD 2. As per discussions with USAID, the organization decided to stick to the timeframe of after local elections and before federal/ provincial elections for the political story arc. Amidst the rapidly changing political environment, Search Nepal held Closed Group Discussions within the Script Development Team and the Country Director to lock in on the political and individual arcs, and completed all 13 outlines and elaborates for the 13 episodes of SD 2.

Activity Stream #5 – Issue Papers Review and Re-writing of Search Nepal, during this reporting period, competed six Issue Issue Papers Papers and shared them with USAID. As Nepal entered into a federal structure, two Issue Papers on Constitution Implementation and Federalism and Local Governance and Elections were deferred to a later date to take into account the latest federal structure and its system of governance. The six finalized papers were sent for designing and finalization for print.

Activity Stream #6 – Outreach Photo Novella Search Nepal worked towards completing all of the content, translations, designs and second draft proof reading of all 13 Photo Novellas during this reporting quarter. Search Nepal also took a front seat in finalizing the design of the dual language (Nepali and English).

Mobile Application During this reporting period, Search Nepal compiled and corroborated information and content for developing the mobile application. The application titled 'Singha Durbar' also started its testing phase for three weeks and was uploaded to the Google App Store. The application has been soft launched and is now downloadable through Play Stores (Google Stores) on all Android based mobile phones.

Website In this reporting quarter, Search Nepal, in coordination with its headquarters in Washington DC, was able to finalize the design and content of the SD website. The webpage features all project products (SD 1, radio shows GGSD and Sangor, Photo Novellas, and link to the mobile application) to act as an information hub to understand and further share the messages of governance, positive leadership, and collaboration.

FOURTH QUARTER of USG Financial Year (July 2017 – September 2017) Activities Planned Activities Achieved Activity Stream #3 – SD Television Series (Script Development) Script Writing Process During this reporting period, Search Nepal worked towards the scripts and produced three drafts of each script, incorporating comments received from USAID and experts, during script sharing consultation meetings. However, the announcement of provincial and federal elections by the government, hampered the storyline of SD 2. The organization had earlier locked on to the timeframe of after local elections and before federal/ provincial elections as political story arc to incorporate messages on electoral system and voters education. The Script Development Team, Search Nepal and USAID together decided, after discussions in August, 2017, that the main political arc must be changed to be more relevant and futuristic, projecting collaboration and positive leadership in the post federal and provincial elections. For the same, the Script Development Team organization two Closed Group Discussions to discuss the new political story arcs and locked on the changed over-arching themes (Please refer to Objective 2 of this report for full details).

Activity Stream #5 – Issue Papers Review and Re-writing of Search Nepal, during the fourth quarter of the project, filed in for Issue Papers an exception for logo placement of USAID citing CFR 22 Sec. 226.91(h), as proposed request under point (ii). The Issue Papers being published, will be distributed and discussed with political leaders and government officials in the local level. USAID branding would curtail the impact of the Issue Papers, inhibiting internalization of the recommendation, as it would be seen as representation of the US Government and its influence in the policy level of the country. Upon receiving approval of the exception from USAID, Search Nepal sent all six finalized Issue Paper for printing. The dissemination event for the same has been set for October 17, 2017.

Activity Stream #6 – Outreach Photo Novella Search Nepal completed all contents and finalized the Photo Novellas for its final review during this quarter. Upon proof reading all 13 editions, Search Nepal made changes in the script

17 to make the language further user friendly and added more info in the last page of the Novellas to further inform the readers of the themes discussed in each of the Novellas. All Novellas will be finalized and shared with USAID in October 2017 and sent for print.

Mobile Application The mobile applications, upon completion of the test period, was updated as per the feedback and suggestions received from internal staff of Search and USAID Nepal. The application is downloadable through Play Stores (Google Stores) on all Android based mobile phones. The mobile application will be launched alongside the Photo Novellas and announcement of Singha Durbar Season 2's production. Website Search Nepal, in coordination with its headquarters in Washington DC, has finalized the design and content of the SD website. The website will also be introduced during the launch event.

Progress made on activities and outputs in 2018

Activity stream #3: Singha Durbar series production and broadcast season 2 Activities planned Activities achieved Script Development The overall story arc of SD2 TV series was set in the post federal and provincial election where PM Asha’s government plays an ideal role of implementing constitution and federalism ensuring governance in every level of government through collaborative leadership. The major story arc of the TV series is to pass the major bills on fundamental rights within three years of constitution formulation as promised in the real constitution of Nepal. PM Asha starts her premiership with a promise that if she will not pass all the bills on fundamental rights within the given timeframe, she will resign from her position. On this major story arc, Season 2 of Singha Durbar presents the story of Prime Minister Asha and her government about the challenges, opportunity and the success while implementing constitution and federalism. The script was written in a non-adversarial approach as the Common Ground Approach1

1 The Common Ground Approach is a methodology to transform how we respond to conflict, away from confrontation and violence and toward collaboration. Guiding principles inform the design and application of peacebuilding programs, which generate tangible, positive outcomes of collaboration, trust, decreased appeal of violence and enduring change.

18 formed the basis for script writing. The message of collaborative leadership and governance were weaved through behavior change communication and do-no-harm approaches. To further enhance the script, and improve the entertainment value of the TV series, new characters were also introduced. Production of TV Series Search for Common Ground-Nepal publicly announced a call for proposalw seeking the production partner to produce the TV series. Through a fair and competitive bid process, Search Nepal awarded the production of Singha Durbar season 2 to Shubha Media Home Pvt. Ltd. Popular Nepali film director, Nabin Subba was selected as the director for the TV series. The contract between Shubha Media Home Pvt. Ltd. and Search for Common Ground was signed on 1 February, 2018. Initially, the contract period to complete the production was until 31 July, 2018, but as the production of SD 2 was prolonged, the contract period was extended until 31 August, 2018. Production (Shooting/filming) After more than three months of pre- production phase, the production partner, with approval from Search for Common Ground, began the filming of Singha Durbar Season 2 from 11th May 2018. Initially the shooting was planned for 55 days, but due to the various factors such as poor management of schedules and slow pace of shooting, the filming took around 100 days to complete.

The filming of Singha Durbar Season 2 was carried through various locations to the best of ability which included numerous locations around Kathmandu, Dhulikhel, Lamjung, Okhaldhunga, Butwal and Nepalgunj. The locations around these places were both indoor and outside, out of which few scenes were carried in the studios while many scenes were shot in the green room available at the studio of production partner.

Post-Production (Editing and Mastering) The Production Partner began the post production phase along with the shooting. Initially, the editors and designers started

19 the work of designing TV sets, logos, animations, properties etc. to speed up the editing of footage. The major post production team were selected and brought into an agreement from the very beginning. As soon as the footages were received, categorizing the scenes and one line editing for four first episodes were started along with designing of intros and credits.

Broadcast of TV Series Search Nepal published a call for proposal in a national daily newspaper seeking the broadcasting service of Singha Durbar TV series season two via Nepal Television. Through a fair and competitive bidding process, Search Nepal awarded the broadcasting service to Key Advertising Pvt. Ltd. Key Advertising carried out all the required process for the broadcast of TV series via Nepal Television, and started the broadcast from 28 July, 2018 on a weekly basis. The time of the broadcast was every Saturday at 8:50 to 9:30 PM. Although the contract period with USAID was until the September, 2018, Search Nepal and USAID agreed to extend the date of broadcast until 20 October, 2018.

Activity stream#6: Publicity and Promotions of Singha Durbar season 2 Activities planned Activities achieved Press Conference of Singha Durbar 2 Search for Common Ground (Search) Nepal organized a press conference on 29th July, 2018 to announce the release of Singha Durbar season 2. The press conference held in Dhokaima Cafe saw the participation of mostly all mainstream media journalists, and high-level officials from USAID Nepal, and other donor communities. A meet and greet with the actors of the TV series was followed by an interaction with the media, where actors and production team members of Search discussed the TV series, the objective, and the highlights of Season 2.

20 Singha Durbar visibility action materials Search also produced tote-bags, posters, pens with Singha Durbar TV series details to strategically promote the TV series. These visibility action materials were distributed in different project sites, and were also provided to Singha Durbar viewers through various quiz contests through Singha Durbar official facebook page.

Collaboration with the private sector As mentioned in the Singha Durbar TV series Communications, Publicity, and Marketing strategy, Search successfully partnered with various private sector organization to garner support in the promotions and publicity of the season 2 of the governance TV series. Search partnered with Sasto Deal, Nana confectionery, Fly Hanuman, and Khaliti to bolster the visibility and branding of the TV series.

Search, along with private sector actors designed specialised promotional campaigns, developed a digital marketing and engagement strategy. Through Sasto Deal, Search promoted Singha Durbar TV series through push email service. More than 70,000 SastoDeal clients got weekly Singha Durbar 2 summaries. Similarly, Singha Durbar chocolates were also produced by Nana confectionery to celebrate the second season of the TV series.

Media visibility and promotions Singha Durbar TV series season 2 has received manifold response from the media. News related to the TV series have been featured in almost all nepali newspapers, and TV, radio, online have continuously shared the news related to the TV series production on their respective news channels.

Similarly, an op-ed on the TV series was also published on Republica national daily to highlight the lessons of leadership echoed by the series. A TV series review in the Nepali Times was also published acknowledging the TV series content, highlighting its realistic portrayal of current day issues.

21 Nepali times writes, “Reel life politicians in Singha Durbar are doing what Nepal’s real life elected governments stubbornly refuse to do: protect the health of citizens. Viewers on TV and YouTube can learn how a government should function while being entertained – this is infotainment with a powerful contemporary message.”

Singha Durbar mobile application - To promote the mobile application on good promotion and publicity governance produced under the Singha Durbar project, Search for Common Ground - Nepal started the broadcast of localised Public Service Announcements (PSAs) in the 12 local FM partner stations to promote the Singha Durbar mobile application. The FM stations are airing the PSAs as part of Search-Nepal’s DFID funded project ‘PAHUNCH’ (ACCESS) agreement.

The PSAs highlight the content of the mobile application, and through dramatized narrations promote the easy-to-use, accessible, and knowledge-center features of the mobile application to garner knowledge on governance related issues.

22 What Works: A compilation of best practices from Singha Durbar TV series

Media for behavior and attitude change: Media is considered a positive catalyst to change behaviors and attitudes, and also strike conversations on subjects which are often restricted in a patriarchal society. Search’s critically acclaimed USAID-funded TV series, Singha Durbar with the introduction of a strong female lead, fashioned as the first woman Prime Minister of the country has increased acceptance of women leadership in the country. 89% of the viewers stated that the TV series had made them more open to the possibility of women leaders. The use of media to communicate evidences through strategic, compelling, and humanized story-telling will therefore support in strengthening collaboration and trust between the governance actors and the public.

Leadership discussions in national and local level: Predominant patriarchal notions on leadership has often restricted women and youth leaders to exercise leadership roles in the community. The facilitated discussions using media as a tool for social and leadership change was effective in heralding intergenerational, and inter-party discussions at the local and national level. These platforms created as part of Singha Durbar TV series not only provided women and youth leaders the visibility that they demand, but also ushered a sense of acceptance towards their views and opinions on contemporary governance discussions. Therefore, there’s a need for enabling spaces, where diverse views are recognized, and evidences are respected.

Identifying and inspiring champions of local governance: The Singha Durbar project supported in the identification of champions of local governance. Aspiring youth and women leaders have been included in the governance discourse in the 5 strategic target districts, and many were provided with seed grants to design local campaigns to echo the attributes of governance and collaborative leadership. Inspired by the TV series, many

23 viewers have been motivated to contest local elections, or, be a part of local decision- making platforms. Anecdotal evidences collected suggested that the TV series has encouraged women and youth leaders to challenge the patriarchal architecture of the society, and participate in local decision-making forums such as, consumers group networks, or forming their own youth groups to make local level government and leaders accountable towards their priorities and promises. Therefore, in the changing context of governance, there’s a need to identify and capacitate new voices and perspectives, and enable them to be a part of the larger governance discourse.

“Do-no-harm” localized content and evidence-based scripts: The TV series production team utilizes the skills and knowledge of creative Nepali writers and researchers to spearhead the scripting process of the series. The writers’ team conducted holistic research work by organizing story writing clinics with the general public, government officials, civil society organizations, media, advocacy groups and organizations working for inclusion and marginalized rights. The scripts once formulated are sent for “do-no-harm” reviews, and field-tests. The evidence-based scripts have also been credited to pave way for discussion around LGBTI rights and policy reform, and critical discussions around corruption, transitional justice, and gender-based violence.

Promoting inclusion and marginalized voices: The role modeling aspect of the TV series to promote the issue of inclusion and marginalized voices has been acknowledged by many social and development advocates. The series has convincingly brought forward the issue of LGBTI rights, disability issues, women empowerment, and rights of the Dalits - through powerful and humanized story-telling. The positive portrayal of minority groups has supported in empowering marginalized groups to be a part of the decision-making platforms, and also establish an enabling environment to recognize and appreciate the contribution of inclusive voices, and marginalized groups - without stereotyping or stigmatizing.

SUCCESS STORY:

Realising change through Singha Durbar

Meera Devi Mahato, 46, was a teacher in an Early Child Development (ECD) center, with no political interest or affiliation. However, her life took a U-Turn when she was nominated as one of the Deputy Mayors from the CPN-UML. “At first, I was hesitant, as I has zero interest in politics. But my husband and in-laws coaxed me. So, I agreed to be a part of the elections,” shares, Meera. The election results were declared, and to everyone’s surprise, Meera Devi won a seat from Mukhyapati, Musaharniya, one of the least developed districts of the country. She was elected as the Deputy Mayor. “I didn’t know how to react. I was shocked and surprised at the same time.” It took a while for Meera to embrace the new responsibility bestowed upon her by the people. “I closed my eyes, and reminded myself that the people had voted for me, and I had to serve the people for the next 5 years. But little did I know that the road to politics was a bumpy one,” opines, Meera. Under a patriarchal system, Meera’s authority as Deputy Mayor was constantly challenged. “Most of the senior level politicians treated us like, ‘helpers’ and often threw jibes at us. This demotivated us. But, Prime Minister Asha of Singha Durbar TV series made me realize that the discrimination and stereotypes will not end until and unless we take a proper stand, and exercise our authority without fear!”

Motivated by the reel-life Prime Minister of the TV series, Meera started educating herself about her responsibilities and duties. She also started reaching out to the influential stakeholders in her community, and started discussing pertinent issues which affected the people of her constituency. This not only increased her visibility, but also established herself as a people-focused leader. “Leadership is all about working for the people, with the people, and building networks with like-minded people - that is one of the lessons from Singha Durbar TV series,” shared the Deputy Mayor with a smile. “If we want to pedestal women leadership then we have to work together in collaboration, and work diligently,” says the newly elected leader. Comparing her political journey with that of PM Asha of the TV series, Meera believes that woman should not doubt themselves, and should position themselves equally as their male counterparts. She even prescribes the TV series to the elected local government officials for viewing, as she believes that Singha Durbar TV series is a crash-course on people’s governance.

Search for Common Ground - Nepal has devised an innovative publicity, and promotions plan for the distribution of the photo-novella and mobile application. As part of phase I of the promotions, the photo-novellas have been distributed in Search Nepal strong-hold areas of the western and eastern region of the country. The photo-novellas have been distributed in the 42 government schools of Search implemented education project, ‘Hamro Shikshya’, newly elected government officials and representatives of the Collaborative Leadership Project (CLP) in Dhanusha, Mahottari, and Sindhuli, along with justice and security practitioners involved in our DFID funded project, ‘Pahunch’ (ACCESS).

Similarly, the photo-novellas have been housed in all major libraries in Kathmandu. 13 photo-novellas of Singha Durbar can be accessed by the public in - Keshar Library, The

25 Community Book Bank, Dilliraman-Kalyani Regmi Memorial Library, Nepal Japan Children’s Library, and can also be found in the popular, Mandala Book Store. This increases the reach of Singha Durbar and the photo-novellas to communities in Kathmandu.

Search Field-Coordinators have been actively involved in promoting the photo-novellas and the Singha TV series to the newly elected government officials of the rural and urban municipalities. Some of the newly elected representatives have also in turn been actively promoting the TV series, and the photo-novellas in their communities. Arhula Devi Singh, the Vice President of Bishnupur Rural Municipality, expressed that the TV series and the photo-novellas provided lessons of collaboration and good governance, and positively echoed the role of women in leadership and decision-making. “I will be promoting these photo-novellas, and would encourage all youth, leaders, and decision-makers to go through it to understand the leaders that we need to become,” shared Vice-President Singh.

Tea seller champions Singha Durbar

Jaibir Raya, 46, is a voice to reckon with in Janakpur. His tea shop has hosted many political discussions and has provided a safe space for intellectuals to connect with each other without any fear or bias. “The intellectual crowd here in Janakpur start their day with my tea. They often compliment me by saying that the tea that I serve has a unifying effect. That is the reason why many people with different political thoughts come together, and with each cup of tea, I see friendship brewing between them.” shares Jaibir with a smile.

As he celebrates 28 years of his tea shop, Jaibir is also observant of the manifold changes happening in the country, “I have seen anarchy, monarchy, republic, and now the federal

26 system. It is a moment of profound pride for all of us, as we are finally heading to a decentralized structure of governance. That means, it is ‘Gau Gau Ma Singha Durbar’ for real,” opines the tea maker. Jaibir, refers to the Search for Common Ground – Nepal produced radio series funded by USAID, ‘Gau Gau Ma Singha Durbar’ or, ‘Singha Durbar in Every Village’, the radio drama series that discussed issues of collaborative leadership and good governance. “I hosted weekly listening sessions of the radio show here in my tea shop, promoted the radio show content with my customers, and also helped in publicity. After the radio show, I am championing another media product, which addresses the need of the hour – Singha Durbar TV series.”

The celebrated tea maker has set up a mini-library in his tea shop. Along with national and local newspapers, the Singha Durbar photo-novellas are also kept on display. “With tea, I also serve the photo-novellas to my customers,” shares Jaibir with a smile. “The photo- novellas echo the aspiration of people who want leaders who are collaborative in nature and have the best interest of the people in their hearts – just like the Prime Minister in the TV series.”

The customers in his tea shop flip through the colorful photo-novellas on display, and Jaibir reinforces the message of collaboration to them. “We have seen many leaders, many systems. What we need is a stable government, a people-focused system, and we need to be vocal to make our leaders accountable – that is what is reflected in Singha Durbar the TV series, and the photo-novellas,” opines, the tea seller, who has made it his task to champion the TV series, and the message of good governance and collaborative leadership that it reflects.

Op-eds on Singha Durbar:

Of leaders, and leadership Published on October 15th 2018 in Republica National Daily

27 The Prime Minister carefully listens to the opposition leader who reveals that the health bill cannot be passed without the support of the party, and remarks, “You should know by now Madame Prime Minister, that party is always bigger than a person.” To which, the Prime Minister smirks, and counters, “but nothing is bigger than the nation.” The fictional world of Prime Minister Asha of Singha Durbar TV series mirrors the shenanigans of Nepali politics. But despite the horrendous power struggles and political mudslinging on the screen, Asha understands that collaboration is the key for the successful implementation of federalism. Dubbed as a “roadmap for governance and leadership,” the TV series made a comeback with season two in July 2018 with support from USAID, United Nations in Nepal, and Nepali diaspora—this time with a storyline which reflects the challenges and opportunities of federalism. The woman who leads

“Asha understands that there’s no greater service than serving the country, that too by keeping vested interest at bay,” shares, veteran actor, Gauri Malla, who essays the role of the first woman prime minister of Nepal. According to her, her character, Asha can be regarded as a template for leadership, or what leadership should look like in Nepal. In a survey conducted by Search for Common Ground Nepal, more than 74 percent of respondents considered honesty as a key attribute of leadership. Followed by, discipline, decisiveness, courage, and humility. Seventy-nine percent of the respondents expressed that Nepal lacked leaders with these attributes, out of which, 61 percent believed that the current pool of leaders lacked the sense of responsibility toward the country, and the people. Singha Durbar is trying to change this narrative by showing that a different kind of leadership is possible—the leadership that is not tainted by greed, or by personal interest. The story-telling of the series crafts humanized narratives, backed by evidences and research provides a pensive reflection of current day happenings. “One of the episodes shows the meddling of influential business people in the government’s tender process. The episode reminded me of the recent corruption scandal,” shares, Narendra Pokharel, an ardent viewer of the series. In the episode the reel-life, Prime Minister scraps the tender process and sets up an investigation team, to investigate the corruption within the system, and unflinchingly punishes people of her own party. But Asha’s life isn’t perfect. She faces complexities in her marriage, as she fears her husband is having an extramarital affair and faces severe resistance from her adolescent son, who accuses his mother of being ignorant towards his needs. Here leaders aren’t always strong and unpierceable, as the reel-life Prime Minister doesn’t shy away to show her vulnerabilities, and insecurities that make her relatable to the audiences. She also addresses stereotype associated with mental health, by revealing that she herself seeks for psychologist support to address a traumatic experience. This, in turn, fosters empathy and debunks myths of leadership being “stoic”. Embedding key messages of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the series discusses sensitive, yet important topics of women and LGBT rights, violence against women, transitional justice, and subtly reminds the viewers that leadership requires a “progressive” mind. The Prime Minister of Singha Durbar fearlessly advocates for LGBT rights and also instructs her ministers to form a commission to review the report of same-sex marriage. In one of the episodes, she also exposes the political interference of influential politicians in the commission for transitional justice, and lobbies for an independent commission. To address the patriarchal architecture, and misogyny that entrenches Nepali politics, strong women characters are introduced. This not only addresses the need for woman in

28 the political forefront but also sheds light in the universal truth that leadership cannot sustain alone and that collaboration is the key to successful leadership. Here, the reel-life Prime Minister doesn’t believe in being a “lone wolf”. She is open to seek support, listens to diverse views, even her opposition without bias, and admits that leaders do not have all the answers, and should always address a challenge with an open mind, and through consutation. Also, there’s no denying that lone leadership cannot deal with today’s challenges, which are profoundly complex. In one of the episodes, Asha expresses that leadership requires ‘farsightedness’ and shares that, “federalism is an opportunity for leaders to practice people-focused leadership, as this is an opportunity to work together with the people, address grievances, and strengthen trust and collaboration.” The fascinating use of storytelling, as an instrument of behaviour change, through edutainment dramas, not only helps amplify the imagination of the viewers to believe in progressive steps which were once denounced as impossible. But it also triggers expected actions from the part of audiences to evidence-based messaging which empowers individuals to speak against harmful social norms, or, encourages them to collaborate with others to seek for their rights. Inspiring change According to Ratna Kadayat, the Deputy Mayor of Geta, Kailali, the TV series not only encouraged her to take part in the local elections, but also instilled inside her the courage to defy stereotypes related to women leadership. For her the TV series, “helped resurrect her thought process to fight the patriarchal mindset that women should not answer back, and turn their backs on things that matters.” Acknowledging the power of storytelling through media, as an effective leadership, “knowhow” tool, Purushottam Nepali, Joint Secretary of Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration believes that it is necessary to prescribe the TV series to all newly elected representatives. “The remaining four years are critical for us, and leadership lessons of trust, collaboration, transparency, accountability, and honesty are pivotal for the success of federalism.” The reel-life Prime Minister collaborates with the citizens and her political opposition to strengthen democracy, reminding her counterparts that ‘leadership’ should not be confused for ‘hierarchy’ or ‘alienation,’ and unapologetically takes decisions for the good of the people and the country. It would be interesting to see if the real-life Prime Minister (KP Sharma Oli) succeeds in inspiring real life leaders to work for and with the people, with the best interest of the country at heart.

Reel-life Op-ed published in April 11th 2017 on Republica National Daily Prime Minister’s press advisor Bishwash Bishwakarma is gay. The prime minister knows about his sexuality and believes “people shouldn’t be judged on the basis of their sexuality.” This pragmatic and open-minded thought of the prime minister makes her unique. Welcome to the fictional world of Prime Minister Asha Singh—the first women Prime Minister of Singha Durbar TV series. She’s strong, determined, and believes in judging people by their work and virtue. But the discussion isn’t about the prime minister. It is about her press advisor. A quick review of media portrayal of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) characters provides evidence that most LGBT roles are surrogates from stereotypes of filmmakers, who make a mockery of LGBT community. But the introduction of a strong, independent, and successful gay character in the TV series defies these stereotypes. Bishwash, the character, promotes a positive image of LGBT community. He isn’t portrayed as the victim but as a role model, somebody people can look up to and admire. Tsering Rhitar Sherpa, the director of the TV series, recalls the discussion that he, along with Search for Common Ground, had while developing the character. “A gay character and that too as a role model? The very concept was new and liberating,” says Sherpa. The production team conducted an extensive research to shun stereotypes, and interviewed LGBT people to identify virtues that would craft the character as a role model. Reviewing the past portrayal of LGBT characters in Nepali films, the production team decided to build a strong, highly influential and opinionated character with a knack of activism. Considering the influence of media in shaping people’s behavior, the character treatment was conducted through a ‘do-no-harm’ lens. “The character is gay, but he doesn’t demand people’s sympathy. By introducing a strong gay character, we wanted people to empathize with the LGBT community, and understand that they are no different from normal people,” shares Yubakar Raj Rajkarnikar, the producer of the series. Most media and advocacy campaigns on LGBT rights highlight their problems, but fail to depict success of LGBT characters. They are mostly supported or influenced by other social counterparts. The ‘hero treatment’ of heterosexual characters often overshadows competence of LGBT characters, who are portrayed as weak and powerless. “LGBT movement is not about their struggles. It’s about the possibility of change, and establishing an inclusive and enabling society. We need to portray LGBT characters as ‘heroes’,” argues Rajkarnikar. One can only achieve this if we restrain ourselves from depicting the LGBT community as victims, and give them influential roles to establish themselves as change makers. In the context that Nepal has made great strides in securing LGBT rights, one can fearlessly say that people in Nepal are ready to accept the truth, and the issue requires no censorship. The prevalent comic and irrational portrayal of LGBT people have shaped common perception of the LGBT community, and there’s a risk of this negative portrayal fueling homophobia, and a culture of uncivil behavior towards the LGBT community. This can change, if our media advocacy campaigns are complimented by evidence-based story telling based on facts and real-life situation.

To address the bias against the LGBT community, there’s a need for development communicators to collaborate with the media to develop content that sensitizes people, and paves the way for wide acceptance of homosexuality. This can be done if our message and portrayal of LGBT issues is evidence-based and positive. Communicators and media practitioners are often worried about ‘reality’ and its repercussions. “How real is too real?” question contributes to self-censorship of reality that represents the LGBT community, and results in a sanitized portrayal of the issue which fails to make a great impact. The production team of Singha Durbar also faced a similar dilemma: whether or not to showcase an intimate scene between the gay couple, Bishwash and his partner Dinesh. “We were not sure how the audience would react to two men cuddling, and caressing each other. But then, we wanted to give out a strong message. LGBT people are like us, they desire the same kind of affection and love. We wanted to keep it real,” shares the director. The TV series not only brought attention to the issue that was once a taboo, but it also highlighted its political undertone paving the way for discussion on equality, inclusion and freedom of choice. There’s a need to celebrate LGBT achievement through powerful story-telling that is bias- free. With the growing demand for representation of positive LGBT character in the media, character representation has indeed increased. But more representation alone cannot change people’s perception. The LGBT characters should have pivotal roles and positive narration so that the larger mass is familiarized with their challenges. Positive imagery shifts people’s bias to developing an appreciative and open mind. Development communicators and media practitioners should thus utilize the media to promote positive image of LGBT community. This is the key to changing behavior, and making people tolerant and respectful. Most importantly, we need a fearless and unbiased media that believes in busting stereotypes and promoting LGBT people as role models, not victims.

31 MONITORING AND EVALUATION

Proposed indicators for Season II Season 1 (2014-2016) Season-2 Final Indicators Baseline Target Baseline Target Progress Progress

Goal 1: To create possibilities for collaborative political culture in the Nepali public imagination

Goal 1: % of viewers and readers who talk to others about their vision of 20% 40% 43% 40% 45% 40% leadership in their constituency and the country Goal 2: % of people surveyed who report that the TV Series Singha Durbar, photo novella/mobile 30% 33% 70% application have created a talking point on collaborative leadership and model government in Nepal

Objective 1: To increase public knowledge of the working of government at the local and national levels and foster constructive citizen-government engagement Outcome 1.1: Audience members will have increased knowledge and understanding of the functioning of local and national government. Outcome 1.1.1: % of people surveyed with increased understanding of at least 5 of the key governance issues 33% 60% 57% covered in photo novella/mobile app and TV dramas Outcome 1.1.2: % of people surveyed who can clearly tell at least five important functions of the local and 28% 50% 35% 35% 50% 58% national governments discussed in TV drama, Photo novella and Mobile app. Outcome 1.2: Audience members will have increased interest in civic engagement. Outcome 1.2.1: % of people surveyed with increased 37% 50% 80% interest in civic engagement

32 Outcome 1.2.1: % of viewers (public screening/TV drama) and readers who report that they have inspired to 27% 27% 33% 60% collaborative with local government after watching the TV series/reading the photo novella. Outcome 1.2.2: % of viewers and redears who have increased confidence to 27% 50% 79% deal with governance issues at local level Outcome 1.2.2: % of viewers and redears have increased confidence to deal 17% 17% 20% 53% with governance issues related to the local development Objective 2: To promote positive role model for leadership and governance through popular culture Outcome 2.1: Audience members will believe that ‘good’ leadership and ‘good’ governance encompasses values of inclusion, transparency, honesty and collaboration across dividing lines Outcome 2.1.1: % of public surveyed who can identify five major leadership 36% 55% 61% qualities as identified in the dramas SD and GGSD Outcome 2.1.1 % of viewers and readers who report that the serial and photo novella have presented an effective 42% 42% 50% 55% example of good political leadership through the story and characters Outcome 2.1.2: # of leaders interviewed who state that 6 out of 7.43 out of they aspire to emulate 10 10 qualities modeled in dramas. Outcome 2.2: Audience members will believe that ‘good’ leadership and ‘good’ governance encompasses values of inclusion, transparency, honesty and collaboration across dividing lines Outcome 2.2.1: % of people surveyed who report that they have discussed collaborative leadership, 20% 40% 25% 25% 30% 23% good governance or other themes with leaders and government officials addressed by the project.

33 Outcome 2.3: Upcoming political and government leaders will have role models who exhibit behaviors of collaboration, transparency, and inclusive, solution-oriented decision making Outcome 2.3.1: % of public surveyed who believe the characters in SD and GGSD - 33% 74% are credible and inspiring role models. Outcome 2.3.1: % of leaders who report that they have inspired with collaborative 22% 22% 25% 77% culture presented in the TV drama and Photo Novella Outcome 2.3.2: % of leaders who report that the TV drama and Photo Novella 43% have incorporated the Issues that are directly related to the public as a priority Outcome 2.3.2: % of the viewers/listeners who believe that the characters in 33% (1 78% (2.34 SD /GGSD offer examples of - out of 3) out of 10) how to develop credible leadership in social and political life. Objective 3 Outcome 3.1: Dialogue at multiple levels creates shared vision for inclusive leadership and governance. % of public screening participants with increased understanding of the - 33% 69% qualities of a collaborative and inclusive leader. Cross cutting indicators: CC 1: Number of case studies/anecdotes documenting the most 10 12 12 15 18 significant change that has occurred as a result of the project CC 2: % of people surveyed who have viewed SD season - 26% 14% 14% 20% 8% II CC 3: % of people surveyed who have read the photo - 0% 20% 20% 28% novella CC 3: Average number of 33% of episodes seen/heard by each - 35% 35% 40% 35% episodes viewer surveyed

34 CC4: % of viewers who belive that Men are ahead in leadership due to lack of 7% 7% 20% 28% opportunities given to women CC 4: % of public surveyed who believe women are equally as capable as men in 66% 75% 76% political and economic leadership roles % of public who believe it is important for people of all ethnic groups and both 23% 40% 83% genders to play an active role in public decision making. Output 1 # of people consulted in the curriculum summit including 0 20 31 constation workshop # of people who have viewed the TV drama through 100K/Epis. 100/Epis. 110/Epis 137/Epis YouTube Policy gaps and recommendations are identified and shared among 0 8 0 0 8 8 concerned SHs at national level # of screening and facilitated 96 246 255 255 300 340 dialogue sessions held # of copies of DVD 0 900 0 0 900 distributed # of photo novella distributed among target 0 12000 0 0 12000 9000 group # of mobile application 0 2000 0 2000 2000 1200 downloaded # of web-site hits 40000 0 0 40000 # of donors who contributed to the production of Season 0 1 0 0 1 1 II as per sustainability plan # of partners staff trained 0 1 1 with USG assistance

35 Preliminary findings from SD Viewership Survey

1. Reach 1.1 Most Watched TV Channel The survey evidenced that Nepal Television, with 64.5% vote of the respondents, is the most viewed television channel in Nepal. The respondents characterized Kantipur Television (49.6%), AP1 Television (46.0%) and News24 Television (31.9%) as the second, third and fourth popular channels respectively. Broadcasting of Singha Durbar Television Drama through Nepal Television, thus has been beneficial towards increasing its reach.

2.2 Reach of Singha Durbar Popularity of Singha Durbar Television Drama The people who were aware about ‘Singha Durbar’ television drama represented only one fifth of the total respondents, depicting the fact that majority of people do not have knowledge regarding the existence of the drama. Moreover, the percentage of respondents who have heard about the television drama, has decreased significantly from the initial survey performed in 2016 where, 32% respondents gave a positive answer.

Table 1: Number of Respondents who have Heard About Singha Durbar Television Drama No. of Respondents Percentage (%) Yes 186 17.5% No 876 82.5% Total 1062 100%

Source of Hearing of Singha Durbar Television Drama Majority of respondents (32.2%) heard about Singha Durbar from television promotions, making it the most successful platform for the drama to increase its reach and audience. Social media platforms like YouTube and Facebook can also be regarded as useful sources to reach out to more people as 19.9% and 10.8% respondents respectively, heard about the drama from these sources.

Apart from these, sources like television (10.2%), friends (8.6%), posters (5.4%) and newspaper (4.3%) also have little impact on the reach.

Viewers of Singha Durbar Among the 17.5% of respondents who were aware about the ‘Singha Durbar’ television series, 58.6% which represents 109 people stated that they watched the drama. Among these respondents, the highest proportion of 65.1% watched it in Nepal Television. YouTube is the second most popular source, as 29.4% respondents used this medium to watch the program.

2. Resonance

36 2.1 Key Learning from Singha Durbar Television Drama Majority of the viewers acknowledged the potential of women leadership which was portrayed very thoughtfully by the series. Thus, 65.1% of the respondents named this as a major takeaway from the show. 58.7% respondents felt that the drama imparted knowledge about the various rights – food, health, housing, employment, LGBTI and consumer rights - that a citizen has. An insight regarding the role, duties and authority of government was stated by 50.50% of the respondents. Apart from this, 39.40% respondents learned various aspects of good governance like collaborative leadership, coordination among different tiers of government, inclusiveness, roles and responsibility of government, public participation and other issues related to governance. The respondents also learned about various other aspects depicted below. Figure 1: Knowledge Gained by the Respondents By Watching Singha Durbar Television Series

2.2 Recollection of Characters The fictional characters in the drama, were successful in creating a profound impact on the viewers as 79.8% remembered the different characters of the television drama. This shows that people can actually relate the series with the events inside Singha Durbar.

Table 2: Character Recollection by the Viewers of Singha Durbar Television Drama

No. of Respondents Percentage (%) Yes 87 79.8% No 22 20.2% Total 109 100.0%

2.3 Character Influence Asha Singh, the Prime Minister as well as the lead role in the drama, has the highest impact on the viewers. 81.6% respondents who watch the show find her as the most inspirational character in Singha Durbar. This also can be the reason for majority respondents acknowledging women leadership as a top takeaway. Gokul Chaudhary is the second most influential character in the show which has gained attention of 17.2% of the respondent viewers. The other most popular characters are Journalist Nabin Gurung, Finance Minister Yuvraj, Ramananda and Dr. Ramesh, in order of popularity.

3. Response 3.1 Discussion on Importance of Good Governance and Leadership The effectiveness of the impact of Singha Durbar television drama on the viewers was measured by analyzing the use of insights from the drama by the respondents in their everyday life. As a result of the series, 55.15% respondents discussed about good governance and leadership with others in their everyday life. 10.10% of the respondent viewers to certain extent discussed about the issues depicted in the

37 drama. Moreover, 44% people discuss about the issues viewed in the drama with others. Over 60% application of the drama content in the life of the viewers presents a positive impact, which articulates that Singha Durbar has been able to raise awareness regarding governance practices among the viewers.

3.2 Perception Towards Women Being Capable Leaders After watching Singha Durbar, 42.2% completely agree, 17.4% agree and 6.4% to a certain extent agree to the fact that women can be as capable of leaders as men. The mentioned figures illustrate the change in attitudes and perceptions of Nepali citizens regarding gender and leadership. It demonstrates that Nepal is becoming more receptive to female leadership and gender equality. 25.7% strongly agree and 31.2% agree that, everybody, regardless of their gender or caste have important roles in the decision-making process and inclusivity is necessary for a lawful society.

Figure 7: Perception of People Towards Women Leadership

However, it is still necessary to demonstrate the ideas of a changing society to 20- 30% of viewers who still do not believe in inclusivity in political matters and do not recognize women as potential leader.

3.3 Awareness Regarding the Role, Responsibility, and Authority of Local Government The figure indicates an increased knowledge of the viewers regarding the role, responsibility and authority of local government. This might be attributed to watching the Singha Durbar drama. 35.8% and 22% of the viewers strongly agreed and agreed towards having awareness in this matter illustrating a much better understanding of the role of local government after having watched the series.

4. Conclusion 4.1 Conclusion ‘Singha Durbar’ television series, initiated with an idea of spreading awareness regarding collaborative leadership, inclusion and rule of law among the general citizens of Nepal, has been playing a big role in changing the attitude and perception of its audience regarding various political and governance issues.

Depicted by the popularity among majority of respondents, Nepal Television (NTV) dominates the television industry in Nepal. The television series ‘Singha Durbar’ though not popular among many respondents, has gained its current viewership mostly due to its promotion and broadcast in Nepal Television. YouTube has played a major role in increasing the reach of the show to more audience.

38 Majority of respondents who watch the drama, have been highly influenced by the character of Asha Singh (Prime Minister), and thus have started acknowledging women leadership. Many respondents also have gained more interest into matters like fundamental rights of a citizen, roles and authority of government, collaborative leadership, inclusive governance and role of civil society among other issues demonstrated in the series.

The show has successfully been able to influence the life of its viewers by increasing their awareness towards various aspects of governance. The viewers also discuss the matters with others and relate it with the actual scenario of our nation. Moreover, perception of many respondents regarding women as leaders and inclusive government has been highly influenced by the program.

Lastly, Singha Durbar has been successfully able to impart knowledge regarding the roles of local government and good leadership to the majority, if not all, of its viewers.