DOCSLIB.ORG

Scripts for Online Dating: a Model and Theory of Online Romantic Relationship Initiation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Scripts for Online Dating: a Model and Theory of Online Romantic Relationship Initiation SCRIPTS FOR ONLINE DATING: A MODEL AND THEORY OF ONLINE ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIP INITIATION Bridget L. Long A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2010 Committee: Dr. Sandra Faulkner, Advisor Dr. Deborah G. Wooldridge Graduate Faculty Representative Dr. Thomas Mascaro Dr. Sung-Yeon Park Dr. Monica Longmore ii ABSTRACT Dr. Sandra Faulkner, Advisor This study examined online dating practices by exploring the process and scripts for online dating from both sites and site members. The purpose was to uncover how online daters and sites were responsible for changes from more traditional dating scripts, and to add to Script Theory and Social Information Processing Theory. Ethnographic content analysis of online dating sites and in-depth interviews with online daters were conducted to develop a Model for Online Dating and Online Romantic Initiation Theory. The model presented in this study demonstrated how scripts in the online dating process were reciprocal and how the different levels of scripts worked together. This study also added to knowledge of contemporary courtship and decision-making in terms of love styles, shopping lists, elimination strategies and how singles relate to others. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Sandra Faulkner for her guidance, patience, dedication, time, and support throughout my graduate career. I appreciate all of her guidance on my dissertation and in all areas of my development as a scholar and a person. Her encouragement during my instances of frustration helped me survive. Thank you. I would like to also thank my professors and especially my committee, Dr. Thomas Mascaro, Dr. Sung-Yeon Park, Dr. Monica Longmore, and Dr. Deborah Wooldridge. I sincerely appreciate their time and guidance throughout the process of my graduate career, examinations, and writing of my dissertation. Dr. Mascaro has been an inspiration and believed in my abilities even when I doubted them myself. Thank you for being so supportive, your help in editing, and pushing me to be better. I also want to express my appreciation for the support of my family especially my parents, Randy and Diane Long, and my sister, Leslye Long. They have supported me in every way possible throughout my journey as a student and helped me through stressful situations. Thank you for helping me to achieve my goals, believing in me even in my hardest times, and for being such an amazing family and support system! I would also like to thank my friends who supported me (and had fun with me) throughout my graduate career: Samara, Laura, Cynthia, Charlie, Michelle, Sarah, Ethan, and Brittany. A special thanks to Samara and Justine for their assistance proofreading and Alisa for proofreading and helping me find participants. Finally, a special thanks to Derek Wideman for being the most supportive boyfriend I can imagine and being there for all of the ups and downs. His belief in me helped push me through. To those of you who I have missed, I am sorry but I truly appreciate everyone’s support throughout my 10-year journey to the finish line! iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION AND RATIONALE ................................................. 1 Importance ............................................................................................................ 1 Statement of Problem .................................................................................................. 5 Perspective on Technology .......................................................................................... 6 Purpose of Study .......................................................................................................... 9 Methodological Choices .............................................................................................. 9 Summary ............................................................................................................ 10 CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ....................................................................... 11 Social Information Processing Theory and Hyperpersonal Communication ............ 13 Script Theory ............................................................................................................ 15 Traditional Scripts for Dating .................................................................................... 17 Dating Advice and Scripts in Media .......................................................................... 24 Online Dating Processes ............................................................................................ 29 Research Questions .................................................................................................... 46 Summary ............................................................................................................ 46 CHAPTER III. METHODS .................................................................................................. 48 Research Design......................................................................................................... 48 Ethnographic Content Analysis of Dating Sites ........................................................ 51 In-Depth Interviews with Online Daters .................................................................... 61 Grounded Theory, Data Analysis, and Meta-Inferences ........................................... 70 Summary ............................................................................................................ 74 v CHAPTER IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ................................................................. 76 Personal Narrative and Scripts ................................................................................... 78 Model of Online Dating ............................................................................................ 144 The Reciprocal Nature of Online Dating Scripts ....................................................... 153 Summary ............................................................................................................ 259 CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS .......................................................................................... 261 Online Romantic Relationship Initiation Theory (ORRIT) ....................................... 261 Contributions ............................................................................................................ 267 Limitations and Future Research ............................................................................... 272 Summary ............................................................................................................ 274 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 276 APPENDIX A. ECA DATA COLLECTION PROTOCOL ................................................ 286 APPENDIX B. INTERVIEW GUIDE FOR IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWS ............................ 287 vi LIST OF FIGURES/TABLES Figure Page 1 My Profile on Match.com .......................................................................................... 12 2 Search Box on Match.com ......................................................................................... 13 3 Multistrand Concurrent Mixed Model Research Design ........................................... 50 4 eHarmony Email, December 13, 2009 ....................................................................... 81 5 eHarmony Email, November 4, 2009 ........................................................................ 82 6 eHarmony Homepage, December 2009 ..................................................................... 83 7 Important Qualities on eHarmony, December 2009 .................................................. 86 8 Starting the Matching Process on eHarmony............................................................. 87 9 My Matches Page on eHarmony ................................................................................ 89 10 One of My Matches’ Profiles on eHarmony .............................................................. 90 11 My Must Haves List in eHarmony............................................................................. 91 12 My eHarmony Homepage .......................................................................................... 94 13 Guided Communication with Match Sample Page on eHarmony ............................. 96 14 Example of Five Questions Sent to a Match on eHarmony ....................................... 97 15 Sample Dimension of My Personality Profile on eHarmony .................................... 99 16 Sample from Dating Advice Page on eHarmony ....................................................... 102 17 Sample Page from Relationships Advice on eHarmony ............................................ 103 18 Match Homepage, December 2009............................................................................ 106 19 My Homepage on Match ........................................................................................... 108 20 Match Search Page, December 2009 ......................................................................... 109 21 Profile Pro on Match, December 2009 ...................................................................... 109 vii 22 Sample Profile Content Provided by Match, December 2009 ................................... 111 23 Primary Photo Advice Page on Match ......................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Advertising Content and Consumer Engagement on Social Media: Evidence from Facebook
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Marketing Papers Wharton Faculty Research 1-2018 Advertising Content and Consumer Engagement on Social Media: Evidence from Facebook Dokyun Lee Kartik Hosanagar University of Pennsylvania Harikesh Nair Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/marketing_papers Part of the Advertising and Promotion Management Commons, Business Administration, Management, and Operations Commons, Business Analytics Commons, Business and Corporate Communications Commons, Communication Technology and New Media Commons, Marketing Commons, Mass Communication Commons, Social Media Commons, and the Technology and Innovation Commons Recommended Citation Lee, D., Hosanagar, K., & Nair, H. (2018). Advertising Content and Consumer Engagement on Social Media: Evidence from Facebook. Management Science, http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2902 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/marketing_papers/339 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Advertising Content and Consumer Engagement on Social Media: Evidence from Facebook Abstract We describe the effect of social media advertising content on customer engagement using data from Facebook. We content-code 106,316 Facebook messages across 782 companies, using a combination of Amazon Mechanical Turk and natural language processing algorithms. We use this data set to study the association of various kinds of social media marketing content with user engagement—defined as Likes, comments, shares, and click-throughs—with the messages. We find that inclusion of widely used content related to brand personality—like humor and emotion—is associated with higher levels of consumer engagement (Likes, comments, shares) with a message. We find that directly informative content—like mentions of price and deals—is associated with lower levels of engagement when included in messages in isolation, but higher engagement levels when provided in combination with brand personality–related attributes.
    [Show full text]
  • CDC Social Media Guidelines: Facebook Requirements and Best Practices
    Social Media Guidelines and Best Practices Facebook Purpose This document is designed to provide guidance to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention employees and contractors on the process for planning and development, as well as best practices for participating and engaging, on the social networking site Facebook. Background Facebook is a social networking service launched in February 2004. As of March 2012, Facebook has more than 901 million active users, who generate an average of 3.2 billion Likes and Comments per day. For additional information on Facebook, visit http://newsroom.fb.com/. The first CDC Facebook page, managed by the Office of the Associate Director for Communication Science (OADC), Division of News and Electronic Media (DNEM), Electronic Media Branch (EMB), was launched in May 2009 to share featured health and safety updates and to build an active and participatory community around the work of the agency. The agency has expanded its Facebook presence beyond the main CDC profile, and now supports multiple Facebook profiles connecting users with information on a range of CDC health and safety topics. Communications Strategy Facebook, as with other social media tools, is intended to be part of a larger integrated health communications strategy or campaign developed under the leadership of the Associate Director of Communication Science (ADCS) in the Health Communication Science Office (HCSO) of CDC’s National Centers, Institutes, and Offices (CIOs). Clearance and Approval 1. New Accounts: As per the CDC Enterprise Social Media policy (link not available outside CDC network): • All new Facebook accounts must be cleared by the program’s HCSO office.
    [Show full text]
  • Narcissism and Social Media Use: a Meta-Analytic Review
    Psychology of Popular Media Culture © 2016 American Psychological Association 2018, Vol. 7, No. 3, 308–327 2160-4134/18/$12.00 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000137 Narcissism and Social Media Use: A Meta-Analytic Review Jessica L. McCain and W. Keith Campbell University of Georgia The relationship between narcissism and social media use has been a topic of study since the advent of the first social media websites. In the present manuscript, the authors review the literature published to date on the topic and outline 2 potential models to explain the pattern of findings. Data from 62 samples of published and unpublished research (N ϭ 13,430) are meta-analyzed with respect to the relationships between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and (a) time spent on social media, (b) frequency of status updates/tweets on social media, (c) number of friends/followers on social media, and (d) frequency of posting pictures of self or selfies on social media. Findings suggest that grandiose narcissism is positively related to all 4 indices (rs ϭ .11–.20), although culture and social media platform significantly moderated the results. Vul- nerable narcissism was not significantly related to social media use (rs ϭ .05–.42), although smaller samples make these effects less certain. Limitations of the current literature and recommendations for future research are discussed. Keywords: narcissism, social media, meta-analysis, selfies, Facebook Does narcissism relate to social media use? Or introverted form) narcissism spend more time is the power to selectively present oneself to an on social media than those low in narcissism? online audience appealing to everyone, regardless (b) Do those high in grandiose and vulnerable of their level of narcissism? Social media websites narcissism use the features of social media (i.e., such as Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram can adding friends, status updates, and posting pic- sound like a narcissistic dream.
    [Show full text]
  • Implementation on Social Media Platforms
    Implementation on Social Media Platforms Overview The Eko Video Player is whitelisted for the Twitter and Facebook environments. When end viewers share an Eko video to one of these services, they essentially embed the Eko Video Player onto their timeline. Depending on the service (i.e. Facebook or Twitter), the end viewer’s platform, and whether the post is promoted (on Facebook only), the Eko Video Player will either play inline within the social media feed, in a new tab within the social media space, or in a new browser tab. Support for the Eko Video Player within these services is made possible by meta tags that are added to the HTML of the site where the video is hosted. These meta tags enable a Facebook Preview and Twitter Card to display in the feed when the video site url is shared on these services. The cards link directly to the interactive video object, enable playback, and specify the sharing copy for the content (provided by the partner). Direct links to videos hosted by Eko automatically include the meta tags to enable inline playback on shared posts, but for videos embedded outside of helloeko.com on a client’s website, the meta tags will need to be added to the website in the <head> part of the page’s HTML and tested. Facebook Open Graph Meta Tags When someone shares a video project hosted on your site to Facebook, Facebook’s crawler will scrape the HTML of the URL that is shared. On a regular HTML page this content is basic and may be incorrect, because the scraper has to guess which content is important, and which is not.
    [Show full text]
  • Dating Expert and Digital Matchmaker Julie Spira
    Dating Expert and Digital Matchmaker Julie Spira Bestselling Author • Online Dating Expert • Media Personality America’s Top Online Dating Expert • The Digital Matchmaker • Relationship Coach • “Top 10 Advice Columnist to Follow on Twitter” • Most influential person in “Dating” and “Online Dating” on social media influence site Klout • Founder of CyberDatingExpert.com • Ranks at the top of a Google search for “online dating expert”, “ghosting expert”, “mobile dating expert” and “Internet dating expert” • Creator of Online Dating Boot Camp and Mobile Dating Boot Camp • Spokesperson for lifestyle brands • Advice appears on eHarmony, Huffington Post, JDate, Match, PlentyofFish, and Zoosk Media Quotes “She’s truly the pioneer of online dating” ~Cosmopolitan “One of America’s ultimate experts” ~Woman’s World magazine “Julie is a top notch professional and rare expert in the MODERN attributes of dating. She knows old school etiquette with new school technology. Beyond just knowing her game, Julie is talented in explaining her science both on and off air!” ~ FOX 11 News As Seen On ABC News WPIX – NY E! Entertainment Good Day LA Good Morning America Hallmark Channel Julie Spira Has Appeared In the News Over 1000 Times ABC News • ABC TV, Los Angeles, San Francisco • AOL • Ask Men • Associated Press • BBC • Baltimore Sun • Betty Confidential • Blog World • Bottom Line Personal • Boston Globe • The Brooklyn Paper • Buffalo News • Bustle • Business Insider • Buzzfeed • Campus Explorer • Canadian Living • Canadian TV • CBC • CBS News • CBS Radio • CCTV • Christian Science Monitor • CNBC • CNET • CNN • College Magazine • College Times • Columbia News Service • Cosmopolitan • Cosmo Radio • Crain’s New York Business • Cult of Mac • Cupid’s Pulse • Daily Beast • Daily Kansan • Daily Mail • Dallas News • Denver Post • Detroit Free Press • Digital LA • Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Automatic Opioid User Detection from Twitter
    Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-18) Automatic Opioid User Detection From Twitter: Transductive Ensemble Built On Different Meta-graph Based Similarities Over Heterogeneous Information Network Yujie Fan, Yiming Zhang, Yanfang Ye ∗, Xin Li Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, WV, USA fyf0004,[email protected], fyanfang.ye,[email protected] Abstract 13,000 people died from heroin overdose, both reflecting sig- nificant increase from 2002 [NIDA, 2017]. Opioid addiction Opioid (e.g., heroin and morphine) addiction has is a chronic mental illness that requires long-term treatment become one of the largest and deadliest epidemics and care [McLellan et al., 2000]. Although Medication As- in the United States. To combat such deadly epi- sisted Treatment (MAT) using methadone or buprenorphine demic, in this paper, we propose a novel frame- has been proven to provide best outcomes for opioid addiction work named HinOPU to automatically detect opi- recovery, stigma (i.e., bias) associated with MAT has limited oid users from Twitter, which will assist in sharp- its utilization [Saloner and Karthikeyan, 2015]. Therefore, ening our understanding toward the behavioral pro- there is an urgent need for novel tools and methodologies to cess of opioid addiction and treatment. In HinOPU, gain new insights into the behavioral processes of opioid ad- to model the users and the posted tweets as well diction and treatment. as their rich relationships, we introduce structured In recent years, the role of social media in biomedical heterogeneous information network (HIN) for rep- knowledge mining has become more and more important resentation.
    [Show full text]
  • Mining Textual and Imagery Instagram Data During the COVID-19 Pandemic
    applied sciences Article Mining Textual and Imagery Instagram Data during the COVID-19 Pandemic Dimitrios Amanatidis 1 , Ifigeneia Mylona 2,*, Irene (Eirini) Kamenidou 2 , Spyridon Mamalis 2 and Aikaterini Stavrianea 3 1 Faculty of Sciences and Technology Hellenic Open University, 26335 Patras, Greece; [email protected] 2 Department of Management Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece; [email protected] (I.K.); [email protected] (S.M.) 3 Department of Communication and Media Studies, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10559 Athens, Greece; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Instagram is perhaps the most rapidly gaining in popularity of photo and video sharing social networking applications. It has been widely adopted by both end-users and organizations, posting their personal experiences or expressing their opinion during significant events and periods of crises, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the search for effective vaccine treatment. We identify the three major companies involved in vaccine research and extract their Instagram posts, after vaccination has started, as well as users’ reception using respective hashtags, constructing the datasets. Statistical differences regarding the companies are initially presented, on textual, as well as visual features, i.e., image classification by transfer learning. Appropriate preprocessing of English Citation: Amanatidis, D.; Mylona, I.; language posts and content analysis is subsequently performed, by automatically annotating the Kamenidou, I.; Mamalis, S.; posts as one of four intent classes, thus facilitating the training of nine classifiers for a potential Stavrianea, A. Mining Textual and application capable of predicting user’s intent.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Mobilize, Execute, and Transform with Agility
    Accelerating performance How to mobilize, execute, and transform with agility Accelerating performance: Authors Project team How to mobilize, execute, Ruben Hillar Josh Anisfield, Paul Carroll, and transform with agility ([email protected]) is Thomas Fleming, Jon Harmon, is written by experts and global knowledge manager Kathryn Hrynewycz, Susan practitioners of Heidrick of Heidrick & Struggles’ Moore, Heloisa Nogueira, & Struggles‘ leadership- Leadership Consulting Practice; Lia Randazzo, Whitney Taylor, consulting services. he is based in the Washington, Randall Thorne DC, office. Art direction and design Colin Price Leff Communications ([email protected]) is executive vice president Copyright © 2016 Heidrick and managing partner of & Struggles, Inc. All rights the Leadership Consulting reserved. Practice; he is based in the London office. No part of this publication may be copied or redistributed in any Sharon Toye form without the prior written ([email protected]) is a consent of Heidrick & Struggles. partner in the Leadership Consulting Practice; she is based in the London office. David Turnbull ([email protected]) is a partner in the Leadership Consulting Practice; he is based in the London office. Contents 2 Speed wins 4 Acceleration in a changing world 8 About the research 13 The 13 drive and drag factors 16 Differentiating actions 31 Four capabilities to develop 34 Find the right recipe 36 How META looks in action 39 Conclusion 40 Appendix A: Technical details on the research 46 Appendix B: Diagnosing acceleration 51 Appendix C: The superaccelerators Speed wins Industries are being disrupted at a faster pace, and organizational success requires acceleration. This not just by the increasing power of innovation doesn’t mean a relentless push for speed in every part in our ever more digital world.
    [Show full text]
  • MASTER THESIS an Analysis of the Online Dating Industry and How
    MASTER THESIS An Analysis of the Online Dating Industry and How Startups Can Compete Copenhagen Business School 2015 MSc in Business Administration and Information Systems Martin Wendel ______________________________ ______________ Emil Maltesen Frandsen ______________________________ ______________ Supervisor: Ioanna Constantiou Number of pages: 119 Number of characters: 218.031 Date of submission: June 2, 2015 ABSTRACT Many new dating sites are started each year but few become a success. This paper provides an analysis, evaluation and recommendations for startups seeking to enter and compete the online dating industry. Methods of analysis include an industry analysis of the general online dating industry, further investigation of 35 of the major dating sites as well as five in-depth case studies. The cases studied were Match, PlentyofFish, Ashley Madison, Tinder and the Dating Ring. A ranking of the most popular dating sites is found in the appendix. We found that each dating site had individual and unique concepts as well as a particular market focus. This led us to identify that each site could be placed in a quadrant within a framework we developed. The X-axis is the market focus: (X1) Mainstream or (X2) Niche and the Y-axis is the concept differentiation (Y1) Generic or (Y2) Unique. While individual dating sites had different strategies for creating their user base as well as maintaining it, certain properties would match each other in relation to the sites in their quadrant. Reputation was found to be extremely important and word of mouth, both positive and negative, helped each of the cases studied grow. The biggest differentiator in their strategy was the time in which they launched.
    [Show full text]
  • Inline Upload Seo Title and Description Recommendations
    Inline Upload Seo Title And Description Recommendations Whitby usually prolonges foolishly or environ andante when negligent Ruben glamour incognita and skittishly. Zeus elides mutationally if typed Ernie formularize or bemired. Bibliographic and unadopted Urson rifled her written strike or eagle sidearm. Is SEO a waste of money Out Of those Box Innovations. Advice notice in keywords like workout tips or weight lifting advice. Also recommended way that image search result of time, you recently expired, use this will look like? Need to update your first and post metadata titles and descriptions. How Many Keywords Should set Target SEO Expert Consultant. Social seo title of seo worth a descriptive text file is recommended for? Try next use Active Voice. When uploading your title under their search engine sure access files. How that Set Up Yoast SEO 2021 Guide for WordPress 2021. It helps them index your pages more accurately. Together we enforce make a difference with Green Web Hosting. You out even target Chicago WordPress Design instead of Chicago Web. Ready site is recommended way. This title and upload the best practices. Open graph image titles that, descriptive and recommendations? You upload your title tag will also recommended configuration variables values on? We contend that SEO has to be something logic and durable. Write descriptive page. Too can store owners or employees rush to upload products and neglect. Some people search for seo title and upload description in seo, and used as well rated, time span has a medium. Optimizing your pages for SEO is going to be said more engaged in 2020 as organic search continues to capture above spotlight search traffic.
    [Show full text]
  • A Randomized Field Experiment and Archival
    Is Social Network Platform Integration Valuable for a Bond-Based Online Community? A Randomized Field Experiment and Archival Data Analysis Michael Frutiger, Eric Overby, D.J. Wu Scheller College of Business, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30308 ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected]) Abstract: Research on online communities has generated multiple insights into why people join and contribute to online communities. From this research, a theoretical understanding of how to design online communities is emerging. We contribute to this understanding by investigating the impact of an increasingly common but understudied design option available to online communities: whether to integrate with a social network platform such as Facebook or Google+. Social network platform integration may provide several benefits to an online community, including creating more social interaction opportunities for members and helping members share personal information with each other to facilitate the creation of social bonds. Theory suggests that both of these factors (opportunities for interaction and disclosure of personal data) enhance the success of bond-based online communities, i.e., those in which member attachment to the community is driven by social bonds with other members. However, some elements of the theory have not been tested, and the theory does not consider the possibility that interaction opportunities and disclosure of personal information might harm the online community by creating information privacy concerns among users. To address this gap, we tested the effect of implementing the “Login with Facebook” feature on new member registration and member social bond formation in an online virtual world community.
    [Show full text]
  • Facebook's Global Economic Impact
    Facebook “f” Logo CMYK / .eps Facebook “f” Logo CMYK / .eps Facebook’s global economic impact A report for Facebook January 2015 Important Notice This report (the “Report”) has been prepared by Accordingly, no representation or warranty, express Deloitte LLP (“Deloitte”) for Facebook Inc. on the or implied, is given and no responsibility or liability basis of the scope and limitations set out below. is or will be accepted by or on behalf of Deloitte or Facebook, Inc. or by any of their respective partners, The Report has been prepared solely for the purposes employees or agents or any other person as to of estimating Facebook’s impacts on the economy. the accuracy, completeness or correctness of the It should not be used for any other purpose or in any information contained in this document or any oral other context, and Deloitte accepts no responsibility information made available and any such liability is for its use in either regard including their use by expressly disclaimed. Facebook Inc. for decision making or reporting to third parties. All copyright and other proprietary rights in the Report remain the property of Deloitte LLP and/or The Report is provided exclusively for Facebook Inc.’s Facebook, Inc. and any rights not expressly granted in use under the terms of the contract between Deloitte these terms are reserved. and Facebook, Inc. No party other than Facebook Inc. is entitled to rely on the Report for any purpose This Report and its contents do not constitute whatsoever and Deloitte accepts no responsibility financial or other professional advice, and specific or liability or duty of care to any party other than advice should be sought about your specific Facebook Inc.
    [Show full text]