Biodiversity Information Management and Reporting Guidelines for South-East Europe

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BIODIVERSITY INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND REPORTING GUIDELINES FOR SOUTH-EAST EUROPE

In cooperation with

BIODIVERSITY INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND REPORTING GUIDELINES FOR SOUTH-EAST EUROPE Published by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH

Registered offices Bonn and Eschborn, Germany

Open Regional Funds for South-East Europe – Biodiversity (ORF-BD) GIZ Country Office in Bosnia and Herzegovina Zmaja od Bosne 7-7a, Importanne Centar 03/VI 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina T +387 33 957 500 F +387 33 957 501 [email protected] www.giz.de/regional-funds-southeasteurope

As at October 2017

Printed by Agencija ALIGO o.r.

Design and layout Vanesa Prodanovic

Prepared by Exatto d.o.o. za informacijske tehnologije

GIZ ORF-BD team in charge BIMR Project Manager / Coordinator for Bosnia and Herzegovina Azra Velagic-Hajrudinovic ([email protected]) BIMR Management Advisor / Coordinator for Montenegro Jelena Perunicic ([email protected])

Text Marin Grgurev, PhD Petra Strbenac Gabor Mesaros, PhD Robertina Brajanoska Halil Ibrahimi, PhD Sanela Shkrijelj in cooperation with Tim Hirsch (Global Biodiversity Information Facility – GBIF) Maarten Hofman (International Union for Conservation of Nature Regional Office for Eastern Europe and Central Asia - IUCN ECARO)

Reviewed and endorsed by BIMR Regional Platform South-East Europe

GIZ is responsible for the content of this publication.

On behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) ABBREVIATIONS

ABCD schema - Access to Biological Collections Data GEF - Global Environment Facility ADBC - Advancing Digitization of Biodiversity GUID - General Unique Identifier Collections IBA - Important Bird Areas (BirdLife International) API - Application Program Interface iDigBio - Integrated Digitized Biocollections BioCASE - Biological Collection Access Service IPA - Important Plant Areas BIS - Biodiversity Information System IPT - Integrated Publishing Toolkit CAEN - Croatian Agency for Environment and Nature IS - Information System CBD - Convention on Biological Diversity ITIS - Integrated Taxonomic Information System CBI - Centre for Biodiversity Informatics, Faculty of LSID - Life Science Identifiers Biology, University of Belgrade IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature CDDA - Common Database on Designated Areas MGRS - Military Grid Reference System CITES - Convention on International Trade in NBIS - National Biodiversity Information System Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora NBN - United Kingdom National Biodiversity Network CoL - Catalogue of Life NCD - Natural Collections Descriptions DiGIR - Distributed Generic Information Retrieval NPIS - Nature Protection Information System DINA - DIgital Information system for NAtural history data NUTS - Classification of Territorial Units for Statistics DOI - Digital Object Identifiers PESI - Pan-European Species Directories Infrastructure DwC - Darwin Core SDF - Standard Data Form DwC-A - Darwin Core Archive TAPIR - TDWG Access Protocol for Information EC - European Commission Retrieval EEA - European Environment Agency TDWG - Biodiversity Information Standards EIS - Environment Information System UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator (coordinate EML - Ecological Metadata Language system) ETC/BD - European Topic Centre on Biological UUID - Universal Unique Identifier Diversity EU BON - European Biodiversity Observation Network EU IPA - EU Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance GBIF - Global Biodiversity Information Facility

Contents

Preface 11

Acknowledgment 12

INTRODUCTION 13

TOPIC 1: Biodiversity Information System Components 15 Biodiversity information system concept and definitions 15 What to consider when planning to develop a BIS? 17 Further information 21

TOPIC 2: Taxonomic Databases and Species Catalogues 23 What is a taxonomic database and/or species catalogue? 23 Why are species catalogues important? 24 Who uses taxonomic databases and species catalogues? 25 How can we know that this data is reliable? 26 Why are some of the taxons missing? 27 How to use data from online catalogues in an IS? 28 Red Lists in relation to the BIS 30 Further information 33

TOPIC 3: Biodiversity Data Standards 35 Types of biodiversity data 35 What are biodiversity data standards (TDWG)? 36 Why is it important to use TDWG biodiversity standards? 40 Who uses TDWG standards? 40 Practical aspects of DwC usage 41 Publishing biodiversity data through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) 44 Further information 47 TOPIC 4: Structured and Standardised Forms for Biodiversity Data Collection 49 Importance of collecting data in standardised forms 49 Importance of collecting raw biological data 49 Using mobile data collection solutions 50 Practical examples of data collection forms 50 Further information 59

TOPIC 5: Georeferencing 61 What is georeferencing? 61 Point-radius method 62 How data is georeferenced 63 Example of georeferencing a locality description 64 Resources needed for successful georeferencing 65 How to incorporate georeferencing-related fields into the database structure? 66 Further information 69

TOPIC 6: Natura 2000 Preparation - BIMR Requirements 71 IT solutions for management and reporting of Natura 2000 data 71 Data resources for Natura 2000 72 Further information 74

TOPIC 7: Compliance with the EU 77 Inspire Directive 77 What is INSPIRE Directive? 77 Main principles and components of the INSPIRE Directive 77 INSPIRE Directive Themes 78 INSPIRE Directive Themes related to biodiversity 78 Who is obliged to comply with the INSPIRE Directive? 80 Compliance and data conformance with the INSPIRE Directive 80 SEE Regional SDI initiatives 81 Further information 82 TOPIC 8: Data Usage and Authorship Rights, Including the Croatian Example 85 Croatian example 86 Further information 88

TOPIC 9: National Legislation Related to BIMR 91 Further information 94

TOPIC 10: Gender Mainstreaming 97 German Development Cooperation and Gender Equality 97 Introducing Gender 98 Linking Gender and Biodiversity 98 How do we mainstream gender into biodiversity projects? 99 Gender aspects to consider when planning, implementing and managing a BIS 99 In conclusion 101

REFERENCES 102

ANNEXES 105 Annex 1. Definitions of frequently use Darwin Core terms 105 Annex 2. Model template for submission of field survey data 109 Annex 3. Model template for submission of data from literature 110

Preface 11

South-East Europe (SEE) is one of the richest parts of In order to improve SEE biodiversity data management Europe in terms of biodiversity. In order to conserve and and reporting towards the CBD and the EU, a second sustainably use these biodiversity assets and valuable ORF-BD publication, BIMR Regional Guidelines, was natural resources under a concerted regional approach, developed by regional experts and reviewed by EU a regional consensus on principles and key elements of accession economies in the period from June – October a biodiversity information management and reporting 2017. It serves to assist all governmental and non-gov- (BIMR) mechanism in line with the Convention on ernmental stakeholders in effective data management, Biological Diversity (CBD) and European Union (EU) re- thereby systematically improving both the quality and quirements is required. It will enable regional exchange usability of data and compliance with EU and CBD of data and information for collaborative monitoring, standards and requirements. reporting and management of (shared) biodiversity resources. Accession to the EU constitutes a common The German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation goal for economies of SEE, where an important prereq- and Development (BMZ) supports the deveopment uisite is the transposition and full implementation of of BIMR Regional Guidelines and pilots implementa- the environmental acquis communautaire, especially tion through the Regional Network for Biodiversity the Birds Directive (2009/147/EC), the Habitat Directive Information Management and Reporting project as (92/43/EEC) and the EU Biodiversity Strategy 2020. part of the GIZ Open Regional Funds for South-East Therefore, BIMR is a crucial component for all econo- Europe-Biodiversity (ORF-BD), in close dialogue and co- mies in the SEE region and improvements are needed. ordination with the relevant stakeholders and partners.

The first ORF-BD publication, BIMR Regional We hope that these comprehensive BIMR Regional Assessment Baseline for South-East Europe, focused Guidelines will be used widely and contribute to on the current stakeholder situation, as well as on enhanced monitoring and reporting across the SEE the policy, legal and institutional frameworks and region and beyond. information system set-ups in the field of biodiversity. It highlighted various gaps regarding the availability and quality of data as well as technical and human capacities and skills, particularly in terms of: a) design and complexity of biodiversity information systems; b) standardized data forms for data collection; c) data formats and availability; d) stakeholder cooperation, data usage and authorship rights; e) capacities and skills for BIMR related tasks; f) legislation related to Gabriele Wagner BIMR; and g) data backup, insurance and data sharing. GIZ Sector Fund Manager – ORF-BD 12 Acknowledgment

This publication is a result of joint effort of ministries, competent authorities, research institutions, NGOs and experts from EU accession economies in the SEE region to develop regionally adapted guidelines for planning, design and development of biodiversity information systems. This endeavour, which involved pooling of expertise from the SEE region as well as from Croatia, was pursued with determination and in the spirit of excellent cooperation at all levels: political, technical and administrative. All parties and persons involved are greatly acknowledged for their contribution to this work. INTRODUCTION 13

Biodiversity is a broad term that is a part of our daily BIMR Regional Guidelines are intended for stakeholders life and livelihood; in general, it refers to variation at from the environment and nature protection sector the ecosystem, species and genetic level. Collection of that handle biodiversity data management and report- scientific data on biodiversity is a demanding process ing tasks on the local and regional level. and securing adequate data storage, maintenance and exchange on a national level as well as globally is still Targeted stakeholders are expected to have a basic a challenge. understanding and knowledge of the biodiversity data collection process and the fundamental terms used in To adequately assess biodiversity status for the purposes the technical aspects of biodiversity data management. of robust decision-making and management of biodiversity and ecosystems, we need digitized, structured Each chapter in the Guidelines contains basic informa- and verified biodiversity data. Additionally, there is a tion and guidance for application, including practical need to establish mechanisms for exchange of data, examples where appropriate. Each chapter also includes standards and experiences. This can be achieved a comprehensive list of references (online, literature) through a review and implementation of common and additional resources for detailed explanations and technical and biodiversity standards for data exchange, further information. species and habitats lists, as well as through continuous dialog, coordination and communication among all relevant stakeholders in the region.

For this reason, these Guidelines focus on topics/aspects that are important to tackle and consider in the course of planning, designing and developing biodiversity information systems, and also in the process of biodiversity data management and reporting.

Clean and structured data is a fundamental prerequisite for all analyses and reporting, and represents the core value of any system. The Guidelines therefore place special focus on the means of producing and ensuring good quality data that can easily be managed, analysed and exchanged between different stakeholder and systems. 14 14 TOPIC 1 Biodiversity Information Systems Components TOPIC TOPIC 1

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45 45 TOPIC 3 Biodiversity Data Standards 46 46 TOPIC 3 Biodiversity Data Standards which their data has contributed. contributed. has data their which to of research examples view to publishers data enables that button a ’citation’ include pages dataset GBIF and credited, individually be to download each to tributing con datasets all enables This citation. in use for DOI aunique assigned also are users to delivered downloads data all addition, In GBIF.org. of users to provided citation standard the in use for (DOI) Identifier Object aDigital assigned automatically are datasets Published dataset/cb6e66f1-3056-404d-a341-bb856762c57c https://www.gbif.org/ see page, of adataset example an For collection. data in used methodologies as well as data, of the coverage temporal and geographical taxonomic, the on information details, contact and . - Further information Further https://www.gbif.org/ipt G http://bexis2.uni-jena.de/ B http://symbiota.org/docs/ Symbiota _to_the_DINA_project! https://www.dina-project.net/wiki/ D http://specifyx.specifysoftware.org/ software Specify https://mapoflife.github.io/humboldtcore/ Humboldt C http://www.tdwg.org/standards/ Standards TDWG E BI I NA XIS2 software XIS2 F Integrated Publishing T Integrated Publishing project ore oolkit oolkit W elcome

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47 47 TOPIC 3 Biodiversity Data Standards 48 48 TOPIC 4 Structured and Standardised Forms for Biodiversity Data Collection TOPIC TOPIC 4

volving large numbers of individuals with different different with of individuals numbers large volving in operations complex and long-term arule, as are, assessment for biodiversity projects and Programmes the better. data, The more (quality) and reporting. ning plan efficient for indispensable are which patterns, essential is and structures of biodiversity observations overview for a correct field on based data Biodiversity forms standardised in data of collecting Importance science - citizen name common the under moment, this world in the throughout active are initiatives of different number A data. biodiversity recording for applications simple using by projects monitoring and inventory scientific into public general include to opportunity an provides of ease and their use of smartphones The popularity etc. articles, scientific of preparation biodiversity, of state on the reports national (SDF), Forms Data Standard 2000 Natura as such purposes, reporting for various ing process its and sources different from of data pooling ensures standards, accepted the to according structured data, biodiversity for recording forms collection data biodiversity (raw) Using database. a filtering and ing for query procedures intuitive and easy enables that storage and harvesting data for solution proper a find to essential is it and reporting and processing future all for point extracted starting or the is field publications) the on scientific for (recorded data biodiversity Raw for Structured 4: TOPIC B iodiversity .

and Standardised D - - - - ata stand essential differences between raw biodiversity raw biodiversity between differences essential stand under to important It is Standards), Data Biodiversity of Application and (Importance document 3 of this Chapter in detail in commented is data biodiversity of types different of classification accepted widely A data biological raw of collecting Importance of sources. avariety from data digitized of integration the facilitates forms dardized of stan use while pooling, data after ambiguities and uncertainties reduces/eliminates terms) Core Darwin Use attributes. of (e.g. list attributes of occurrence vocabulary of a common harmonized a in structured office) the in or field the (on data recording for forms paper or digital using includes second the while attributes, of occurrence species of the vocabulary harmonization implies first The process. a twofold is sources different from data ofbiodiversity compatibility Ensuring ambiguities. and uncertainties without sources different from of data pooling enable will that away in collections in available collection, data of material listing field and data of published digitisation It organise to assessments. important better to extremely is contribution significant a make workbooks researchers’ in recorded or monographs and papers scientific in published surveys previous of results Also, backgrounds. academic and professional C ollection Forms - -

49 49 TOPIC 4 Structured and Standardised Forms for Biodiversity Data Collection 50 50 TOPIC 4 Structured and Standardised Forms for Biodiversity Data Collection number of users. of users. number a by use in applications of active anumber are There system. or mapping management upload to some data for later form structured in data collected download to opportunity the provide them of Most level. national biodiversity field even regional, global, on the form standardised in data digitising and collecting for developed were ofapplications A number field. the in of a species details and location ofaphoto, recording the allows phones on mobile runs that application an Designing on environment. resource information of national the building to contribute to watchers nature professional and casual enables of smartphones generation A new solutions collection data Using mobile species. for particular values site 2000 of Natura estimation reliable more and overview better enables database(s), in form raw in stored and records individuals different by more collected data standardised general, in and, site and Harmonised the of judgments. lead reliability to to higher visits field during species of a particular records of single number on the dependent highly is judgements ofthese Reliability judgments. expert on based estimates are These field. the in directly collected not are etc.) Population, Size, referred species (Type, Directives Habitats given and a Birds the to for Annexes in to criteria’ assessment ‘Site and site’ the on ‘Population for data the INFORMATION) SDF (ECOLOGICAL 3 of the Chapter in For instance, reports. of updated creation and/or fine-tuning for further data of new of addition it a Also, enables continuity purposes. reporting various for processing its ensures system information tional afunc in data biodiversity raw storing and Collecting collections). biological and/or papers scientific from extracted or field the in recorded data raw (usually of processing form some underwent that data and data iNaturalist, Observado , Map of Life Map - , collected data, these applications are a useful tool for tool auseful are applications these data, collected of quality the about controversies and vocabularies) species of maintenance (e.g. difficulties of number a with struggle most ofAlthough theseapplications field. the in observations for recording used then and purpose intended for the customised internet, the from loaded eBird appropriate TDWG. TDWG. appropriate the from terms with harmonised are that headings preparing by achieved column be with table (Excel) of an can form the in templates this using and Usually forms. structure unified standardized a in data biodiversity raw store and to collect it important is emphasized, As forms collection data of examples Practical -http://www.luontoportti.com/suomi/en/NatureGate -http://identify.plantnet-project.org/Pl@ntNet -https://mol.org/ of Life Map -http://ebird.org/content/ebird/eBird -https://www.inaturalist.org/ iNaturalist -https://observation.org/index.php Observado field. the in way, directly effective and asimple in specimen observed of aparticular species PlantNet like Applications level. new brand a to guides field of use conventional the raising are devices of mobile Capabilities keys for ital identification. species of recorded in data arethe fielddig the quality increase significantly can that devices mobile for applications useful very Other data. biodiversity of reliability for importance ofcritical factor, important most occurrence the is an in species of identification Correct monitoring. species and for inventories data of biodiversity quality and quantity the increasing , SISS-Geo facilitate the process of identification of the the of identification of process the facilitate , to mention a few, can be freely down freely be afew, can mention , to NatureGate NatureGate

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51 51 TOPIC 4 Structured and Standardised Forms for Biodiversity Data Collection 52 TOPIC 4 Structured and Standardised Forms for Biodiversity Data Collection verbatim data -verbatim published were they which in form the in recorded occurrences of the attributes for Natura 2000. Due to administrative difficulties, the the difficulties, administrative to Due 2000. Natura for of pSCIs and documentation network ecological Serbian the of improvement for important as phase first the in recognised territories in species targeted for data field for collecting second the and data published integrating for year first the years: two last to planned was and 2016 in started project The Belgrade. in Conservation for Nature Institute the to DwC) (simple form dardised stan in adatabase provide to and Serbia in concern of conservation habitats) (and of species on occurrences data of biodiversity adatabase prepare to engaged was CBI Environment, and of Agriculture Ministry former the by supported of Serbia”, Republic the in Fungi and Animals Plants, of Book Red the of “Development and Serbia” of Republic the in network ecological an of “Establishment projects of framework the Within Informatics Faculty CBI, of Biology, Belgrade Biodiversity for Centre the in DwC of Implementation E ( data of the source and authorship defines that data the only not - also recorded be can data occurrence published about Details collection. a in storing and processing of their methods about data record to apossibility is there specimens For museum if is the database. data stored in another of occurrences, denotation about information as well as BIS the in data of piece single for every of use mode and authorship articles. paper and electronic in or published database some in stored are that occurrences about ofdata a wealth of recording enables Core Darwin occurrence. single of every reliability and value of the for evaluation important are that data further to keep necessary also is it BIS the In funders. the of requirements and/or design survey of the depends attributes occurrence of collected volume the and practitioners and by experts field the in collected usually are data biological and locality details, taxon and identification on Data X AMPLE Record level information level Record is information about about information is references . ) but also also ) but - a useful guidance in the planning of improvements of improvements planning the in guidance a useful be can storage) on data standards accepted nationally various sources, including implementation of inter from collection data biodiversity of coordination and organisation to (related 2016 in implementation project from experiences However, uncertain. is tion continua its 2017 and during suspended was project and verified by experts for different groups, that were were that groups, different for experts by verified and collaborators one hundred than more by tables Excel in entered was data The Belgrade. in Conservation for Nature Institute of the database the to submitted were records 80,000 than More georeferenced. were records 120,000 nearly of which level, primary the at digitised were records 500,000 Over 2016. in mented imple successfully was data) biodiversity published already of (digitisation project the of phase first The DwC to mapped were terms. ABCD) (and Attributes quality. Data and entry Data Proprietorship, data, Verbatim Reference, Storage, Habitat, Population, event, Collecting Georeferencing, Locality, in 13 Taxon, Identification, categories: ganised or of 215 attributes explanations detailed and names Serbian contain Standards of of Book The aspects cooperation. financial e) and data, the digitizing and of gathering methods d) CBI, the to of data provision for formats expected and categories c) data data, to access b) rights, ownership and acquisition data a) as: such cooperation, of forms possible and operation Data Biodiversity of Examples and Formats Definitions, Names, Classification, Standards: b)CBI and CBI in Data of Biodiversity Management and Organization a) accepted: and discussed were documents important Two Belgrade. in of Biology Faculty of the unit organisational an is oftheCBI aspects -which ofsomefunctional definition andits launch so BIS, the encouraged project configure the CBI’s with to coincided plan of project this The start economies. regional in reporting and management data biodiversity to . The Protocol defines the main aspects of CBI’s of aspects main the defines Protocol The . Protocol for Collection, Processing, Processing, for Collection, Protocol - - - - r 7 q Table 2:Fragment of theCBI templatestructure for detailsaboutthetaxon (species and/or subspecies) 3. 2. 1. were: important most The project. the for prepared were entry data for tables template Excel Several project. the on engaged T T T T T T T T T T TaksonReferencaKlasifikacija* T T T T CBI Name akson akson aksonInfraspecijskiA akson akson akson akson aksonVrstaA aksonPodrodA akson akson akson aksonPodrod aksonID List of attributes with predefined values. predefined with of attributes List data; Templates for occurrence list; taxonomic Template for the ows in the following tables correspond to columns in E in columns to correspond tables following the in ows R R F EpitetInfraspecijski R R Filum NarodniNazivVrsta EpitetVrsta amilija odA od ed eferenca* 7 utor* utor utor* utor* - genus - family infraspecificEpithet order - scientificNameAuthorship - phylum - vernacularName specificEpithet subgenus T DwC term axon xcel tables used for data entry. data for used tables xcel L E

E decumbens E von (2013):Polypodiopsida. – In: Eu Christenhusz, M. &Raab-Straube, E. L T (1998). “An ordinal classifica The arvense Hippochaete G E doi:10.2307/2992015 Botanical Garden 85(4):531–553. plants”. tion for the familiesofflowering plant diversity. resource for Euro-M ro+M Example racheophyta . . quisetum quisetaceae quisetales quisetum arvense L. f. decumbens . F . Angiosperm Phylogeny Group W ed Plantbase - theinformation . M Annals oftheMissouri ey editerranean - - Name ofperson(s) whode

Name ofperson(s) whode

genus level taxonomic categories above the was published, appliedto in whichaclassification system R on thebasisofwhichtaxonom R defined ic andnomenclaturalstatusis scribed theinfraspecifictaxon scribed thegenus scribed thegenus Comment eference orlistofreferences eference orlistofreferences 7 - - - - 53 TOPIC 4 Structured and Standardised Forms for Biodiversity Data Collection 54 54 TOPIC 4 Structured and Standardised Forms for Biodiversity Data Collection * q Table2A: * Endemizam* Natura2000* Bern* IUCN_Status* ZaštitaSR* ImePravilnikITD* SakupljanjeSakupio CBI name T CBI Name NalazPol NalazBrojPrimeraka NalazM SakupljanjeDatum* NalazOntogenetska NalazStatusNalaza NalazDigitalniZapisI* NalazDigitalniZapisA Additional fieldsnotdefinedby DwC Additional fieldsnotdefinedby DwC akson Napomena etodaSakupljanja 7 Fragment of theCBI templatestructure for detailsof occurrences - attributesof thecollection event F utor* aza ------taxon DwC term DwC term recordedBy sex individual samplingProtocol - lifeStage occurrenceStatus - - R emarks C ount

Example Comment lected orregistered

Date ofthecollection event i.e. thedatewhensamplewascol

collected/observed specimen(s) URI ofthedigitalrecord (photo, video, audio) thatconfirms the A uthor ofthedigitalrecord Level ofendemism atura 2000 Annexes Natura Bern C IUCN status National conservation status Serbia Plants, and Protected Protection ofStrictly Protected R Verbatim taxon namefrom the

Comment ulebook onProclamation and onvention status Animals andF Wild Speciesof ungi in -

q Table2C: Fragment of theCBI templatestructure for detailsof occurrences - attributesof thelocality * q Table2B: Fragment of theCBI templatestructure for detailsof occurrences * LokalitetLokalitet1 LokalitetID* LokalitetGrafičkiPrikazID CBI name fikator* IdentifikacijaPrva* CBI name IdentifikacijaPoslednja* StaništeOpis LokalitetDubina LokalitetDubina LokalitetNadmorskaVisina(AltMax) LokalitetNadmorskaVisina(AltMin) LokalitetVodeno LokalitetLokalitet3 LokalitetLokalitet2 IdentifikacijaPouzdanost IdentifikacijaOstale* IdentifikacijaPrvaDatum* IdentifikacijaPoslednjaDatum IdentifikacijaVerifikacija IdentifikacijaReferenca IdentifikacijaPoslednjaIdenti Additional fieldsnotdefinedby DwC Additional fields notdefinedby DwC Max Min T elo - DwC term Status - - identifiedBy identificationQualifier - - dateIdentified identificationVerification identificationReferences locality DwC term - locationID habitat maximum minimum maximum minimum waterBody locality locality DepthIn ElevationIn DepthIn ElevationIn M M - eters eters M M eters eters Comment ed identification

Name ofthepersonwhoprovided thelastaccepted identification Taxon nameofthefirstidentification Taxon nameinthelastaccepted identification

List ofallidentifications except thefirstandlast Date ofthefirstidentification Date ofthelastaccepted identification List ofreferences usedfor identification ofataxon inthelast accept Comment Wider area where thespecieswasregistered (e.g. K most_WP-039) fields separatedwithunderscore “_”. (e.g. Kopaonik_Đorov Locality1”, “LocalityLocality3”, “LokalitetGrafičkiPrikazID” Alphanumeric, generatedby concatenating the “Locality Unique identifier - code ofthelocality (e.g. WP-039)

Đorov most) Narrowest location where thespecieswasregistered (e.g. Samokovska klisura) Closer location where thespecieswasregistered (e.g. - attributesof thetaxon identification opaonik) - - 55 55 TOPIC 4 Structured and Standardised Forms for Biodiversity Data Collection 56 56 TOPIC 4 Structured and Standardised Forms for Biodiversity Data Collection * q Table2F: Fragment of theCBI templatestructure for detailsof occurrences * q Table2E: Fragment of theCBI templatestructure for detailsof occurrences - collected specimen(s) storage attributes * q Table2D: Fragment of theCBI templatestructure for detailsof occurrences - locality georeferencing attributes GeoreferenciranjeVerifikacija R R R R R R CBI name NalazDatumPrepariranja* NalazPreparator* NalazM Nalaz NalazIndividualniBroj NalazK NalazK NalazInventarskiBroj NalazZbirka NalazInstitucija CBI name LokalitetGeoreferenciranjePreciznost LokalitetGeodetskiDatum GeoreferenciranjeM GeoreferenciranjeGeoreferncirao CBI name Additional fieldsnotdefinedby DwC Additional fieldsnotdefinedby DwC Additional fieldsnotdefinedby DwC eferenca eferencaIzdanje* eferenca eferencaGodina* eferencaA eferencaA olektorskiBroj olekcija* omenklaturniTip etodaPrepariranja TipPublikacije* Naslov* utorCitat* utorR K published od K od eferenca* etoda DwC term DwC term preparations recordNumber - collectionC institutionC ------T individualID catalogNumber ypeStatus DwC term georeferenceVerificationStatus coordinateUncertaintyIn geodeticDatum georeferenceProtocol georeferencedBy ode ode M eters Comment Publication type Journal nameorpublisherofthepublication Title Year ofpublication Short listofauthorsthereference List ofauthorsthereference Comment collectors, orspecialarea where collected particular group oforganisms, individualand/or group of Specially organized partofthecollection thatrelates toa Date ofpreparation Name ofthepersonwhoprepared thespecimen(s) - attributesof thereference where theoccurrence were

Comment q Table3: * q Table2G: Fragment of theCBI templatestructure for detailsof occurrences - attributesof thecitationand verbatim data, as R R Originalna Originalna T K K Originalna Originalna VlasništvoPravaPristupa CBI Name OriginalniK OriginalniGeodetskiDatum OriginalnaIdentifikacija OriginalniDatum* CBI name OriginalniLokalitet Additional fieldsnotdefinedby DwC akson valitetPrirodaPodatka valitet eferencaStrana* eferencaCitatPun Rang TipPodatka Dubina NadmorskaVisina(Alt) Longituda( Latituda( Examples of attributes withpredefined oordinatniSistem published inthereference where theoccurrence waspublished N_lat) E_long) DwC term - associatedR verbatim verbatim verbatim verbatim verbatimC verbatimSRS verbatim originalNameUsage - DwC term taxon basisOfR type accessRights Rank Depth Elevation Longitude Latitude Locality oordinateSystem ecord eferences values intheCBI database Comment Page ortableinwhichtheparticularoccurrence wasmentioned

collection, publishedinliterature, orrecorded asafieldobservation Verbatim dateonwhichthesample/specimen wasentered intothe Example × cv subf f subvar var subsp sp 4: F 3: Product/Effect/T 2: Deadspecimen 1: Live specimen 7: T 6: Personal fieldobservation echo-detector, etc. 5: Record from transmitter, 4: Soundrecording clip 3: Video 2: Picture 1: Physical object 3: Semi-R 2: 1: F R ext ree A ossil remains estricted A ccess estricted A ccess race ccess Comment 57 57 TOPIC 4 Structured and Standardised Forms for Biodiversity Data Collection 58 58 TOPIC 4 Structured and Standardised Forms for Biodiversity Data Collection IdentifikacijaPouzdanost IdentifikacijaVerifikacija PopulacijaBrojnostOpseg GeoreferenciranjeVerifika-cija GeoreferenciranjeM ciznost LokalitetGeoreferenciranjePre CBI Name etoda - DwC term identificationQualifier identificationVerificationStatus - georeferenceVerificationStatus georeferenceProtocol coordinateUncertaintyIn M eters Example 6: Identification impossible identification 5: Temporary orapproximate 4: R 3: Low reliability (<30%) 2: M 1: Highreliability (>70%) analysis 5: Accepted identification without identification 4: Indirect reinterpretation of identification 3: Direct reinterpretation of indisputable authority 2: Accepted identification by the Provider 1: Direct Personal Identification of 8: 1001-10000 7: 501-1000 6: 251-500 5: 101-250 4: 51-100 3: 11-50 2: 6-10 1: 1-5 4: Georeferenced by the verifier 3: Georeferenced by theprovider 2: Georeferenced by thecollector 1: Verification necessary 6: Other 5: Topographic maps 4: Digitalmap/ 3: Digitalgazetteer 2: GoogleEarth/ 1: GPSdevice 9: Unknown 8:> 5000m 7: 5000m(MGRS 10x10km) 6: 1000m 5: 500m(MGRS 1x1km) 4: 100m 3: 10m 2: 5m 1: notgeoreferenced eliability uncertain oderate reliability (30-70%) Ozi explorer Google Map Comment Population abundance * Further information Further Endemizam* CBI Name Additional fieldsnotdefinedby DwC http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/ D w terms: Quick R Quick C terms: eference G eference DwC term - uide uide Example 4. R 4. Pannonianendem 3. Balkan subendem 2. Balkan endem 1. Serbianstenoendem elict Comment Level ofendemism 59 59 TOPIC 4 Structured and Standardised Forms for Biodiversity Data Collection 60 60 TOPIC 5 Georeferencing TOPIC TOPIC 5

This topic is meant to assist BIMR users to better un better to users BIMR assist to meant is topic This but with little precision. little with but maps into mapped been have may information this and locality, the about information descriptive collected they so collected was species the where locality the to coordinates assign to means reliable have not did collectors collection, of time the At herbariums). and (museums collections or biological articles) and books be to needs (reports, that literature in found Data is that data is georeferenced data). geotagged with case the not is this but default by given is this for GPS is; data the cise to data (For known. we georeferenced be need also to fully know how impre immediately are and automatically collected are coordinates longitude and latitude the so photos of geotagged form the or in devices, mobile devices, GPS-enabled with either collected is it because default by georeferenced mostly is data biodiversity Recent of precision. estimation an accompanying with data biodiversity to coordinates real-world assigning of process the is georeferencing of a BIS, context the In W literature. in found scriptions de locality to coordinates for those distances error process a is maximum and coordinates geographic georeferencing of assigning nutshell, a in So, important. very is literature in mentioned locations georeference a way and unmistakably Finding to quickly processing. and for analysis unavailable such as is and form paper in only available is data biodiversity lot of valuable a Today data. literature from localities georeference to means it what and process georeferencing of the principles underlying and importance the derstand Georeferencing 5: TOPIC hat georeferencing? is

- - - Although such data has questionable analytical value, value, analytical questionable has data such Although p Figure 5: literature, from data biodiversity “object”, biodiversity the to coordinates “exact” of assigning means Without biodiversity. in changes of indicator valuable a and area some in taxa of certain of presence proof only the is and possess we data the of most for makes often it T Uncertainty oflocality y x Municipality Canton Name Georefild ool Administration (2017) and Nature (2017)& State Geodetic Source: Croatian Agency for Environment Example of geotaggeddata 6922 206.84 m 4,790,955.15 510,884.10 Bol Split - DalmatiaCanton Borova šuma, Zlatni rat Uncertainty ofpolygon locality

61 61 TOPIC 5 Georeferencing 62 62 TOPIC 5 Georeferencing the two dimensions (Wieczorek, 2004.) (Wieczorek, dimensions two the of each in independently represented be to uncertainty requires method box bounding the whereas attribute, one into combined readily be can uncertainties the that is method of The this key advantage locality. collection actual the contain will circle the define which radius and point the that assume we manner this In nates. coordi of these uncertainty possible the represents which shape of that point farthest the to point that from distance the is other the and literature, in described locality of the shape of the or centroid is) that circle, (a point centre the defines which pair coordinate lon) y(lat/ x, the one is measurements, two with locality species the describe to tries method This standard. “de-facto” the as accepted and used widely is method point-radius the locality, textual agiven to coordinates correct assign to methods several are there Although Point-radius method p Table 4:Presence of certain taxa inthearea withcoordinates anduncertainty to first georeference such data. such georeference first to important is it so assessments, and research analyses, further in used be cannot collections and herbariums M Dianthus scardicus, Pelican, 1.5km W ofRemas, Karavasta lagoon A What we have? ... and road to Vučak, Golija A quila chrysaetos, Bobotov kukpeak, Durmitor cer heldreichii, 200mSEfrom thecrossroads ofroad 197 ountain Around Great R udoka peak, Šar What we want? Id ... 2 1 3 4 -

Dianthus scardicus A Pelicanus crispus A quila chrysaetos cer heldreichii of locality withpoint-radius method p Figure 6: Example for different maps and their datums. their and maps for different even and distance, and ofdirection uncertainty maybe or place anamed as given was description locality of whether regardless literature, in found locality each to measurements consistent and similar assign to encer This method is not perfect but it allows the georefer the allows it but perfect not is method This Species ... Administration (2017) and Nature (2017)& State Geodetic Source: Croatian Agency for Environment 43.127781 40.888248 43.356269 41.949910 Latitude ... Longitude 19.491907 19.034436 20.257470 20.798970 ... (uncerlainty) Radius (coordinate pair) Point Uncertainty 1250m 2300m 750m 125m ...

- q Table 5:Descriptionof ninepossiblecategories of locality that localities recognize immediately to able be and aware be we should process georeferencing of the start very the at because important very is step first This 2004.). in given the table below (Wieczorek, descriptions, of categories possible nine only with dealing essentially are we etc.), measurement, of units different feature, a describing in details (language, way imaginable every in immensely vary can collections history natural and literature in found descriptions Although feature. the of extent the define and descriptions locality in ofuncertainty sources possible the determine to is The How georeferenced data is Offset ataheading directions Offsets inorthogonal Offset alongapath Offset Named place C Demonstrably inaccurate Cannot belocated Dubious Type oordinates first step first in georeferencing a described locality locality a described georeferencing in The locality contains adistance inagiven direction. orthogonal directions from anamedplace. The locality consists ofalineardistance ineachoftwo The locality describesaroute from anamedplace. a namedplace. The locality consists ofanoffset(usually adistance) from a spatialextent. feature (e.g., town, cave, spring, island, reef, etc.)having The locality consists ofareference toageographic The locality consists ofapointdefined by coordinates. The locality contains irreconcilable inconsistencies. Either thelocality dataismissing, orcontains infor The locality explicitly statesthattheinformation con references. candidates, orthelocality cannot befound withavailable cannot bedistinguishedbetween multiplepossible mation otherthanlocality information, orthelocality tained therein isinquestion. Descriptions them in future. in them help to users for other noted be should information this and georeferenced be not should locality case that In category. one than more match can or table, below the in rules theasper be identified, cannot locality the that possible is it below) table the in cases three first the in (like cases some In georeferenced. be cannot locality coordinates together with descriptions). with together coordinates locality include often descriptions locality their and collections (recent devices GPS databases”), (“toponymic databases from name geographic gazetteers, maps, geographic obtained various be could This description. locality termine coordinate points (coordinate pair) of the Second step - - of the georeferencing process is to de to is process georeferencing of the “1.5 km W ofRemas, Karavasta lagoon” “1 kmNand2 Vučak toward Vučak” from thecrossroads ofroad 197androad to “1 kmNEofOrahovo via Road 105”, ‘‘200 mNE “3 kmoutside “Skadarsko 4616661.05” “42.988718,19.136842”, “6667134.94, “South ofF “locality notrecorded”, “Visoko brdo”, “peak” “Šar Planina?”, “presumably central Bosnia” Examples ruška goratoward Danube” Lake”,cave”, “Peshna “Lapušnik” T uzla” W of T etovo” - 63 63 TOPIC 5 Georeferencing 64 64 TOPIC 5 Georeferencing be found in Wieczorek, 2004 or by using available available georeferencing services. using by or 2004 Wieczorek, in found be can instructions detailed more different descriptions), locality of (categories rules other all For places). named (or features two between defined description locality and place, a named as description locality presented: are descriptions locality georeferencing of examples 2simple guidelines, ofthese purposes For the description locality a georeferencing of Example process. georeferencing the underlying complexity algorithmic of the standing under for thorough need the without uncertainties calculating with especially and localities descriptive of georeferencing with assist to developed were lators calcu georeferencing of versions different guidelines, written with together Also, below. given are which of popular most the articles, georeferencing several in presented are them calculate accurately and exactly to how and above described of uncertainty sources of the each of description Detailed quality. its thus and data final the of fitness determine accurately to needed are uncertainties calculated and coordinates on exact information combined the all georeferencing, When are: which sources, six from come alocality georeferencing to related uncertainties All uncertainties. associated and possible its for all account to locality, the compasses en that circle the of radius i.e. uncertainty, calculate accurately to is process georeferencing ofthe step Third map scale. map and measurements, coordinate in imprecision measurements, directional in imprecision measurements, distance in imprecision datum, unknown locality, of the extent the - - - dard gazetteer. This feature can probably be located on a a on located be probably can of such features Examples map of scale. the appropriate feature This gazetteer. dard astan in listed afeature often is which place, named a of only consists usually It locality. a georeferencing in one first the often and example simplest the is This place) (named Feature 1: Example 3.014 km km 3.014 Distance: Uncertainty Maximum 21.7257 Longitude: Decimal 42.1323 Latitude: Decimal 3km Place: of Named Extent Precision: Coordinate Datum: E 21.7257° Longitude: Latitude degrees decimal System: Coordinate 3km. is limit city outermost the to of Kumanovo centre the from distance the and Maps/Earth Google from came Kumanovo Locality: extent. the as used is GPS of the accuracy the reading), aGPS as (such “exact” is locality the If usage. later for it document also and judgment etc., we need to definethe extentmanually using best road junctions is not mountains, extent e.g. so obvious, ( extent the as place named the within point farthest the to coordinates these from distance ( centre georeferenc the obvious, ofthe is geographic involves identification procedure ing extent spatial the If extent. a spatial have always they and points not are features on presented a are (ormap gazetteer), how features the of regardless that is note to thing important The etc. junction park, mountain, hill, peninsula, cave, dock, airport, bay, island, place, populated town, includes: e WGS84 ) for the coordinates and determination of the of the determination and coordinates ) for the : 42.1323° N : 42.1323° “Kumanovo” - Suppose the coordinates for coordinates the Suppose - “Kumanovo” 0.0001 degrees 0.0001 e’ ). If the spatial spatial the If ). - - feature (named place) in example 1 (see figure below). figure 1 (see example in place) (named feature for the as same calculated, is uncertainty the that After ( places of named centres the between distance the one-half as defined is Extent description. locality the named places), which will be the final coordinates ( coordinates final the be will which places), named of (centres coordinates those between midpoint the finding includes procedure georeferencing the of step coordinates ( the find to be would step first the description, locality of Toin georeferenced two steps. type this georeference be should and Vojnik”, and Kumanovo “between e.g. two features, between as located defined and scription de aliterature in found of alocality example is This places) (or named features two Between 2: Example q Kumanovo and Vojnik”Kumanovo features, located betweentwo and definedas found inaliterature Example of locality u Figure 8:

Figure 7: e.g.

Source: GoogleMaps/Earth Locality „Kumanovo“ “between a, b a, ) of both named places ( places named ) ofboth A a e , A, B A, e ). The second second The ). e b ) for for ) e’ B ). ). - 2006): (Chapman, georeferencing to related terms Important depending on the size and type of the institutions institutions the of type and size the on depending Also, project. the of extent and scope the on depend georeferencing for successful needed resources The georeferencingsuccessful Resources for needed along a line of longitude; aline along measured equator, of the or south north is location (Latitude) Lat GPS systems; coordinate several of one using surface Earth’s the on names, Gazetteer include: basics the but needed be will resources different involved, key aspects of the georeferencing process. georeferencing of the aspects key the covers that a document in result which above, the of all for procedures documentation Defined procedures; validation and cleaning data Defined (e.g. in…); described method point-radius georeferencing for methodology Defined personnel; trained and Dedicated service); or similar geoportal istered state-admin the through available (usually online free for or searchable available downloads as either are Internet, on the many - gazetteer good a to Access etc.); history, vegetation, military, (topographic, welcome are etc. themes, terms, toponyms, various with maps any types, and years scales, of various or paper) (electronic maps topographic Different as a repository for storing georeferenced localities; georeferenced for storing arepository as serve will that software database and/or A database - Global Positioning System; Positioning -Global usually also including an indication of position of position indication an including also usually locality oflocality or index dictionary -ageographic - describes the angular distance that a that distance angular the -describes geographic geographic - 65 65 TOPIC 5 Georeferencing 66 66 TOPIC 5 Georeferencing q Table 6:Terms directly related togeoreferencing must reside. must locality described ofthe whole the which in a circle) as described often is (which area locality of the part farthest the to locality ofadescribed coordinates x,y the Uncertainty the starting point; starting the as place named of the location the using place a named from Usedplace, or here distance the feature. other as Offset of latitude; aline along (q.v.) or surface west of on meridian a earth’s the prime east distance angular the -describes (Longitude) Lon foot tialFit printSpa gitude decimalLon itude decimalLat Term - - a displacement from a reference point, named named point, areference from -adisplacement - - - - measure for the maximum distance from from distance maximum for the -measure of it. Legal values liebetween -180 and180, inclusive. (original, ormost specific) spatial representation oftheLocation. Legal val The ratioofthearea ofthefootprint (footprint WKT) tothearea ofthetrue Positive values are eastoftheGreenwich M system given ingeodeticDatum) ofthegeographic centreLocation. ofa The geographiclongitude(indecimaldegrees, usingthespatialreference Legal values liebetween -90 and90, inclusive. Positive values are northoftheE system given ingeodeticDatum) ofthegeographic centreLocation. ofa The geographiclatitude(indecimaldegrees, usingthespatialreference tialFit is1. original andthegiven georeference are thesamepoint, thefootprintSpa is apointandthegiven georeference isnotthatsamepoint. If boththe tialFit isundefined (and shouldbeleftblank)iftheoriginal representation does notcompletely contain theoriginalrepresentation. match or100%overlap. ues are 0, greater thanorequalto1, orundefined. A valueof1isanexact Definition A value of0shouldbeusedifthegiven footprint quator, negative values are southofit. eridian, negative values are west The footprintSpa not recommended to store the locality and other geo other and locality the store to recommended not usually is it project, ageoreferencing planning When into database structure? the fields georeferencing-related How to incorporate related to locality georeferencing. locality to related ofattributes set abasic as for inclusion phase design database the in them consider to recommended is it but not are mandatory terms These class. “Locality” the in terms DwC explained previously to refer terms these 4, in mentioned topics 3 As already and to georeferencing. related directly terms of the some shows below table The databases. in data the store to process georeferencing the organise and advance in data the structure to better is it projects such In data. of georeferenced volumes and of localities numbers large generate to expected projects for complex true especially holds This locality). single a (or purposes for temporary except spreadsheet the in data referenced - - - Example: “-121.1761111” zorek, eds. 2006. Example: “-41.0983423” found inC hapman and graphical examplescan be Detailed explanationswith Description Wiec - number string number Data type - encedDate encedBy tum footprintSRS Term geodeticDa footprint georefer georefer - - - practice istouseanencoding scheme, suchasISO8601:2004( The dateonwhichtheLocation wasgeoreferenced. R A vocabulary toprovide anSRS, ifknown. Otherwiseuseacontrolled vocab as based. R the geographiccoordinates given indecimal Latitude anddecimalongitude The ellipsoid, geodeticdatum, orspatialreference system(SRS) uponwhich the Location. DonotusethistermtodescribetheSRofdecimalLati A each other. decimalLatitude) andafootprint representation, andthey may differ from Location. A representation oftheshape(footprint, geometry) thatdefinesthe Location. zations whodeterminedthegeoreference (spatial representation) for the known. If noneoftheseisknown, usethe value “unknown”. ulary for thenameorcode ofthegeodeticdatumorcode oftheellipsoid, if the geodeticDatuminstead. tude anddecimalLongitude, even ifitisthesameasfor thefootprint - use Definition list(concatenated andseparated)ofnamespeople, groups, ororgani representation oftheSpatialR A ecommended bestpractice isusetheEPSGcode asacontrolled Location may have bothapoint-radiusrepresentation (see eference System (SRS) for thefootprint of ecommended best ecommended best E). - - - 13 Nov 2007and15Nov 2007. 13/15” istheintervalbetween 2008 3:30pmUTC , “2007-11- 2007 1pmUTC and11May the intervalbetween 1Mar /2008-05-11T15:30:00Z” is “2007-03-01T13:00:00Z 1906, “1971” isjustthat year, F UTC, “1809-02-12” is12 is 20F UTC, “2009-02-20T08:40Z” zone sixhoursearlierthan 1963 2:07pminthetime 08T14:07-0600” is8Mar Examples: “1963-03- 563]],PRIMEM[“Green 4”,6378137,298.257223 ”,SPHERO DATUM[“D_WG S_1984 20, 1121, 10 21, 1020)) text asPOL be expressed inwell-known tude=11, latitude=21)would latitude=20) and(longi corners at(longitude=10, bounding box withopposite Example: theone-degree without theenclosingquotes. gree”,0.0174532925199433]]” wich”,0],UNIT[“De “Brad Millen( ( “Kristina YamamotoExamples: “Clarke 1866” Inchauspe”, “European 1950”, “WGS84”, “NAD27”, “Campo Examples: “PSG:4326”, Example: The “GEOGCS[“GCS_WGS_1984”, SR ( standard WGS84 the Description MVZ); JanetF eb 1809, “1906-06” isJun :4326) is EPSG:4326) is eb 2009 8:40am eb 20098:40am ID[“WGS_198 Y GON ((10 20, 11 ROM)” WKT ang ( - for for MVZ)”, - - - timestamp string string string Data type 67 67 TOPIC 5 Georeferencing 68 68 TOPIC 5 Georeferencing ordinates usSpatialFit cording locality tionStatus enceVerifica georefer eSources georeferenc marks enceR georefer ceProtocol georeferen Term pointRadi locationID verbatimC locationA e - T - - o c - o - - - - - should bestored in verbatimC coordinates shouldbestored in verbatimSRS andthecoordinate system ellipsoid, geodeticDatum, orfullSpatial R The verbatim originalspatial coordinates oftheLocation. The ratioofthearea ofthepoint-radius(decimal Latitude, decimalLongi country, stateProvince, county, municipality, waterBody, island, island can beprovided inothergeographicterms(higherGeography, continent, The specificdescriptionoftheplace. Lessspecificgeographicinformation best practice istouseacontrolled vocabulary. verified to represent thebestpossiblespatialdescription. Recommended A anyone inthefuture tousethesameresources. used togeoreference theLocation, describedspecifically enoughtoallow A method referred toingeoreferenceProtocol. assumptions madeinadditionoroppositiontothethoseformalized inthe N footprint, coordinates, anduncertainties. A publication (gazetteer), institution, orteamofindividuals. Information aboutthesource ofthisLocation information. C to thedataset. dcterms:Location). May beaglobaluniqueidentifieroranspecific An identifier for the set oflocation information (data associatedwith not completely contain theoriginalrepresentation. 100% overlap. greater thanorequalto1, orundefined. A valueof1isanexactmatchor most specific) spatial representation oftheLocation. Legal valuesare 0, are thesamepoint, thepointRadiusSpatial Fit is1. point (without uncertainty). If boththeoriginaland given georeference is apointwithoutuncertainty andthegiven georeference isnotthatsame tialFit isundefined (and shouldbeleft blank) iftheoriginal representation tude, coordinateUncertaintyIn correct perceived errors orstandardize thedescription. Group). This termmay contain information modified from the originalto Definition categorical descriptionoftheextenttowhichgeoreference hasbeen list(concatenated andseparated)ofmaps, gazetteers, orotherresources descriptionorreference tothemethodsuseddeterminespatial otes orcomments aboutthespatialdescriptiondetermination, explaining A value of 0shouldbeusedifthegiven point-radiusdoes oordinateSystem. M eters) tothearea ofthetrue(original, or eference System (S RS) for these The pointRadiusSpa The coordinate ould be a ould bea - - - 34W”, “17T Examples: “41 05 54S12105 “verified by curator”. tion”, “verified by collector”, Examples: “requires verifica T Florence M 1:24000 Examples: “USGS by road (Hwy. 101)” distance Example: “assumed ing QuickR ing Information eds. 2006), GlobalBiodiversity ( Practices for Georeferencing” Examples: “Guide toBest Earth” Herp Geographic of “GettyExamples: Thesaurus Wieczorek, eds. 2006 found intheChapmanand graphical examplescan be Detailed explanationswith (=R NNE via R Example: “Bariloche, 25km Description hapman and Wieczorek,Chapman oogle errametrics 2008onGoogle uta 237)” Guidelines”, “Georeferenc N et/ ORNIS Georeferenc acional 40 uta Nacional40 6300004833400” ontana Quad; eference Guide” Names”, “GADM” F acility.”, “Ma NIS/ - - - string string string string string string I DO URI, URL, string string Data type Further information Further Longitude cality itude verbatim Term verbatim verbatimSRS verbatim https://www.idigbio.org/ i default.html http://www.museum.tulane.edu/geolocate/ GEOLocate http://www.gbif.org/resource/80536 G D Lat Lo - BI igBio - - F geodeticDatum, orfullSpatialR The verbatim originallongitudeoftheLocation. The originaltextualdescriptionoftheplace. geodeticDatum, orfullSpatialR The verbatim originallatitudeoftheLocation. “unknown”. or code oftheellipsoid, ifknown. If noneoftheseisknown, usethe value use acontrolled vocabulary for thenameorcode ofthegeodeticdatum code asacontrolled vocabulary toprovide anSRS, ifknown. Otherwise batimC coordinates given in verbatim The ellipsoid, geodeticdatum, orspatialreference system(SRS) uponwhich be stored in verbatimC nates shouldbestored in verbatimSRS andthecoordinate systemshould be stored in verbatimC nates shouldbestored in verbatimSRS andthecoordinate systemshould Definition oordinates are based. R oordinateSystem. oordinateSystem. Latitude and verbatim ecommended bestpractice isusetheEPSG eference System (SRS) for thesecoordi eference System (SRS) for thesecoordi The coordinate ellipsoid, The coordinate ellipsoid, Longitude, or ver - - -

Example: “25 kmNNEBari loche porR. Nac. 237” “Clarke 1866” Inchauspe”, “European 1950”, “WGS84”, “NAD27”, “Campo Examples: “PSG:4326”, Example: “121d 10’ 34” Example: “41 0554.03S” Description W” - string string string string Data type 69 69 TOPIC 5 Georeferencing 70 70 TOPIC 6 Natura 2000 Preparation - BIMR Requirements TOPIC TOPIC 6 in line with the Natura 2000 Standard Data Form Form Data Standard 2000 Natura the with line in is it defined, already is model database 2000 Natura site. 2000 Natura for each of data maintenance and for storage solution IT and database appropriate an have to have 2000 Natura for reporting responsible authorities national format, SDF the in 2000 Natura report to able be to order In ecology. its and site each of description extensive an (SDF) Form Data aStandard submit to have authorities national site, 2000 Natura For each data. this maintain and handle efficiently to infrastructure/platform IT appropriate an requires it process, a data-driven such, as and, data of biodiversity requires amounts of vast process management and processing collection, designation network 2000 Natura The data ofand reporting Natura 2000 management for solutions IT EU. the in occurring naturally species bird all and plants and of animals species 1,500 and habitats 230 of over sustainability term long ensure to goal main the with Directives, Habitats and Birds the under designated is network 2000 Natura world. the in areas of network protected coordinated largest the network, 2000 Natura the by covered is territory marine ofits 6% Over 18% of the European Union land area and almost almost and area land Union European of the 18% Over BIMR Re Natura 6: TOPIC 2000 Preparation quirements

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https://bd.eionet.europa.eu/activities/Natura_2000/ from the SDF in the electronic format; format; electronic the SDF in the from aries of the sites; sites; of the aries spatial dataset spatial . The Natura 2000 software package provides provides package software 2000 Natura The . - X:32011D0484 ), together with other supporting data data supporting other with together ), comprising the electronic bound electronic the comprising comprising the information information the comprising ) and is available for available is ) and - - 71 71 TOPIC 6 Natura 2000 Preparation - BIMR Requirements 72 72 TOPIC 6 Natura 2000 Preparation - BIMR Requirements explanatory note explanatory An c. The format of the descriptive database should be iden be should database descriptive of the format The each Natura 2000 site. Prior to the ecological assessment assessment 8 ecological the to Prior site. 2000 Natura each about information ecological aggregated and processed is SDF format in site 2000 Natura for each reported is that information that understand to important It is dataset: Spatial portal). reference 2000 Natura (see schema XML the against’) (‘validate follow should document XML of the SDF The structure template. to the tical standard n with deferral structure, must be ensured. ensured. be must structure, deferral with States ofMember case the in particularly no overlap), (e.g. regions different from data of consistency The feasible. where system, reference coordinate based (or WGS84) ETRS89 an in data GIS their deliver to encouraged are economies processing, data further in errors transformation coordinate of the risk potential In order to minimise accommodate States. Member by to used projections files different multiple of consist may files GIS files. the view to system projection necessary the taining con (.prj) file projection a contain must Shapefiles steps. processing tional addi require Shapefiles Un-dissolved SITECODE. to according dissolved be should boundaries Electronic code of 2000 the site. the Natura called containing SITECODE, field a include must boundaries Electronic Shapefile format. format. Shapefile ESRI in submitted be should boundaries Electronic database concerning site boundary changes, as well well as changes, boundary site concerning database %20guidelines%20update%201.3-March%202012.pdf delivery. database previous the to compared as types, habitat and/or species of sites, additions/deletions any as activities/Natura_2000/Folder_Reference_Portal/Reporting atura 2000 R atura 2000 eporting guidelines https://bd.eionet.europa.eu/ guidelines eporting explaining the changes in the the in changes the explaining 8

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storage of structured data that can be easily included included easily be can that data of structured storage and collection enable will that solutions IT and tools consider to necessary therefore is it and experts by many conducted inventories field organized through and analysed by experts. Occurrence data is collected processed collected, be to needs data occurrence types habitat and species ofraw amount vast site, of each NGO community. NGO and academic the from public interested and (ETC/BD) experts by done be will Diversity Topic on Biological Centre European the from which verification, for available evaluation the in be must data this that is sites 2000 condition Natura of proposed important The etc. data, list red data, distribution species literature, from rences occur as such well, as available be to has data other type, habitat and species of each status conservation the of assessment better For data. occurrence species recent the just than more requires 2000 of Natura tion prepara successful that aware be to need economies candidate proposal, 2000 Natura the preparing When Data resources for Natura 2000 activities. conservation nature for other also but 2000 for Natura only not used later be can data this that ensure to in order inventories field necessary the perform to experts biology various contracting and engaging when rights usage data consider to important therefore is It general. in activities protection nature for many input important and valuable avery is projects 2000 of Natura scope the in implemented activities inventory field of process the through collected Data reporting. later for data adequate ensure to also but phase, designation for the important of data quality necessary the ensure to only not important is This data. field raw of storage and for collection applications and databases provide to have preparation 2000 for Natura responsible are that 2000 Natura from authorities SDF structure, with apart line in is that that database means This analysis. the in - - following: the to, limited not are but include, layers base and Basemaps site. each mark-off accurately to data cadastre especially and imagery, satellite and maps topographic various borders, administrative recent and accurate orthophotos, digital recent and accurate cludes in data This sites. 2000 Natura of management and implementation planning, for effective important is datasets of spatial set another site, potential for each ies boundar 2000 Natura the creating and planning When data marine data, -speleological Other Protected areas - nationally designated protected areas. Habitats data Species following: the to, limited not is but includes, consulted be should that data and datasets Additional Digital orthophoto Digital Water bodies borders administrative National regions NUTS regions Biogeographical Floristic data map Habitat on habitats data Literature data research Field of species status Endemic data list Red areas distribution Species data research field targeted Specific on species data Literature data) (inventory occurrences -species data research Field - - Traffic data (roads, railways etc.) railways (roads, data Traffic Cover Land Corine 50km) 10km, 5km, (1km, Grids National model elevation Digital maps Topographic tion is needed with official cadastre in each economy each in cadastre official with needed is tion coopera close that note to important is -it Cadastre data) this to access for free gible eli are institutions -public imagery (ESA) Agency Space European (for example imagery Satellite - - 73 73 TOPIC 6 Natura 2000 Preparation - BIMR Requirements 74 74 TOPIC 6 Natura 2000 Preparation - BIMR Requirements Further information Further A natura2000/data/index_en.htm http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/ natura2000/db_gis/index_en.htm http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/ N Natura_2000/N2000_software https://bd.eionet.europa.eu/activities/ N data/biogeographical-regions-europe-3 https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/ G regions Biogeographical Natura_2000/chapter1 https://biodiversity.eionet.europa.eu/activities/ overview regions Biogeographical -statistical-units/nuts data/reference-data/administative-units http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geo download GDB) GIS data (Shapefile/Personal regions NUTS overview http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/nuts/ N ALL/?uri=CELE http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ Standard D Natura_2000/reference_portal https://bd.eionet.europa.eu/activities/ R data/natura-8 https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/ natura2000/access_data/index_en.htm http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/ eference portal for N for portal eference ccess to N to ccess atura 2000 D 2000 atura Package Software 2000 atura U T S overview regions ata Form atura 2000 D 2000 atura atabase and G and atabase X :32011D0484 atura 2000 2000 atura ata ata IS data IS IS IS

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9 public sector between environment-related data spatial of sharing enables Infrastructure Data Spatial European environment. on the impact an have may which or activities policies and policies environmental ofEU purposes for the infrastructure data spatial EU create to aims which tive direc (EU) Union a European is (INSPIRE) Community European the in Information for Spatial Infrastructure W sector. private partnerships key the and academia, cities, counties, states, establish between 4) and data, spatial available using of benefits the increase 3) accessible, more data geographic making while information geographic to related costs 2) the lower governments, among of efforts to: duplication 1) reduce of SDI are goals The interoperability. and exchange and protocols for formats data standardized by applying It data. is achieved (geographic) of usage spatial effective and sharing support that people and institutional arrangements data, technologies, policies, specific of framework a is (SDI) Infrastructure Data Spatial Inspire C 7: TOPIC

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77 77 TOPIC 7 Compliance with the EU Inspire Directive 78 78 TOPIC 7 Compliance with the EU Inspire Directive directive: INSPIRE of the components Main 10 following: the include conservation nature and biodiversity to related Themes to biodiversity related INSPIRE Directive Themes 79) page (see III) and II I, (Annex annexes three into arranged are themes data spatial INSPIRE systems. information of environmental struction con successful and applications for environmental needed themes data spatial 34 addresses Directive The INSPIRE Directive Themes

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ANNEX 1 q Figure 9: ANNEX 3 Geographical gridsystems C Cadastralparcels Habitatsandbiotopes Environmental monitoring Energy R Buildings Bio-geographical regions A A F regulation zones & reporting units facilities Area management / restriction / A Agricultural andaquaculture acilities dministrative units ddresses oordinate reference systems tmospheric conditions Annexes I, esources IIandIIIwithINSPIRE Directive themes Protected sites Hydrography Geographical names Production andindustrial Population distributionand Oceanographic geographical Naturalriskzones MineralR M Landuse Humanhealthandsafety T ransport networks facilities demography features features eteorological geographical esources ANNEX 2 Elevation Orthoimagery Landcover Geology Utility andgovernmental Statistical units Speciesdistribution Soil Searegions services 79 79 TOPIC 7 Compliance with the EU Inspire Directive 80 80 TOPIC 7 Compliance with the EU Inspire Directive 11 as identified be will that institutions academic or other agencies governmental institutions, public various be will there sector conservation nature and environment the In are: NSDI subjects authorities, Public development. and maintenance NSDI establishment, in participate to obliged are which and data spatial ing or maintain scope es, i.e. of work, establishing include competenc whose authorities public are NSDI subjects duties. public of their for completion bodies government by used data spatial and bodies for government institutions other or by bodies government by owned data spatial NSDI includes way. in a standardized information of geographic sharing facilitates that (NSDI) infrastructure data spatial national a establish to members EU binds Directive INSPIRE The Directive? INSPIRE the W bio-geographical-regions https://themes.jrc.ec.europa.eu/groups/profile/1762/ Directive. the by protected species and habitats of the status conservation on the reporting for and network 2000 Natura the evaluating seminars of ofaseries basis the are regions bio-geographical These 1.iii). (Article regions’ ‘bio-geographical of list a contains which Regions, Bio-geographical to regarding (EEC/92/43) is the most important guiding document document guiding important most the is (EEC/92/43) Directive themes”. Habitats The “biodiversity to other linkage strong a has Regions Bio-geographical theme

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areas, habitat maps or Natura 2000 Ecological Network Network areas. protected Ecological designated nationally and 2000 Natura or maps habitat areas, distribution species to related of adataset maintenance and for provision responsible usually are agencies tion protec nature and environmental example, For tions. regula and NSDI laws national and Directive INSPIRE the by covered ofdatasets provision for the responsible ropa.eu/webarchive/index.cfm/pageid/101.html resources: and More information etc. rights usage maintenance, and updates data of dynamics about information of data, extent spatial format, data system, coordinate referenced source, data content, of the description of dataset, name as such information various includes metadata INSPIRE set. or data source data of certain reuse and of access conditions and currency quality, content, its on judgment accurate an make to user a allow to as so resource information a spatial about detail should sufficient include Metadata or sets services). data (data resource of a data quality and content the about information detailed provides that data is Metadata Metadata and Reporting). Sharing and Monitoring Service and Data Services, Network Data Specifications, (Metadata, areas of number specific a in adopted are (IR) Rules Implementing common that requires Directive the compatible, are States Member of the infrastructures data spatial the that To ensure Directive INSPIRE the with conformance Compliance data and http://inspire.ec.eu - - - - ropa.eu/webarchive/index.cfm/pageid/5.html 12 regulation Sharing Service and Data INSPIRE of the requirements the with compliance ensure to have will data INSPIRE holding bodies Public sharing Data and service resources: and More information OGC. and ISO W3C, from standards international on existing further build services services network INSPIRE The network rules. implementing INSPIRE the to conforming published be to have services network use further for computer spa the and own on their them metadata download and the themselves, data tial view criteria, search specific to according data find to able be to users for order In services Network pageid/2.html here: found be can theme http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/webarchive/index.cfm/ INSPIRE for specification Data network. INSPIRE European wider the and public organizations between interoperability their ing ensur thus models, theme data spatial INSPIRE the to according datasets harmonise to aims documentation Thewithit. Data Specification associated Specification Data own its has themes data INSPIRE of the Each Data specifications following: the are Regulation of the points main The

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ropa.eu/webarchive/index.cfm/pageid/62.html resources: and More information Agency). Project beneficiaries include the cadastre cadastre the include beneficiaries Project Agency). Cooperation Development International (Swedish Sida by financed project SDI regional a is project IMPULS the SEE: in SDI project across-border IMPULS, RegionalSEE SDI initiatives pageid/5022.html http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/webarchive/index.cfm/ resources: and information More sharing. data services, network services, and sets data spatial metadata, Directive: INSPIRE the of fields 4main the cover to have reporting and Monitoring necessary. are reporting regular and Directive ofthe implementation of the monitoring continuous INSPIRE, of evolution future the to and Directive of INSPIRE implementation the to In order to related have a for solid basis making decision Monitoring and reporting While fully safeguarding the right of Member States States ofMember right the safeguarding fully While calculated. been have on charges how tion informa provide to States Member request to bility possi the have bodies and institutions Community payment, under accessed be can or services data If deadline. standard of this extension an allow may agreements mutual request; of awritten receipt after days 20 within latest the should give reasons for these limitations to sharing. to limitations for these reasons give should States Member request, Upon datasets). generalized providing (e.g. conditions, restricted under data give accessto aged sensitive totheto still find means encour are States Member relations, international or defence national security, public of justice, course the compromise would this when sharing limit to http://inspire.ec.eu - - - - 81 81 TOPIC 7 Compliance with the EU Inspire Directive 82 82 TOPIC 7 Compliance with the EU Inspire Directive 13 membership. for EU countries these preparing better thus to data, capacity their on spatial available create and exchange, focusing process, collect, specifically legislation), EU other and guidelines INSPIRE the with accordance (in involved countries the in for SDI development pacities ca institutional increase to aims project The partner. counterpart State Geodetic Administration as junior Croatian the with together Authority Registration Land and Mapping Swedish the Lantmäteriet, by managed is project The Programme. Multi-Beneficiary IPA) (EU Assistance for Pre-Accession Instrument 2011 the under (EC) Commission theby European for financing approved was project the and region, of SEE authorities handle/10986/17082 L handle/10986/17082 DC Washington, Bank, World 55. no. brief;issue knowledge Asia and I 2012. Spatial Data Infrastructure “ T onchovska, R onchovska, . ©W https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/ Bank. orld 13 umyana; Stanley, Victoria; BY 3.0 I 3.0 BY CC icense: N SPI GO D RE e M . E .” artino, Samantha. Samantha. artino, urope and C entral entral - Further information Further http://www.INSPIRE-geoportal.eu/ IN http://INSPIRE.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ IN RE SPI RE SPI G D eoportal irective Portal Portal irective 83 83 TOPIC 7 Compliance with the EU Inspire Directive 84 84 TOPIC 8 Data Usage and Authorship Rights, Including the Croatian Example TOPIC TOPIC 8 provision of high quality data to data The project the public. of quality provision high sustainable allow will and data taxonomic to access open facilitates that asystem tools, and data biodiversity for sharing platform open-access of anew development the foster to aims It perspective. scientific as well as economic, social, the from context, awider in data and information of biodiversity usage the understanding to alia, inter dedicated, is countries 18 from partners 31 with Project Network European the Observation Biodiversity Building - BON EU The SEE. in economies the including countries, of European legislation the in consideration into taken recently was authorship and rights usage data addressing of properly importance The assessment studies). (from public institutions to that firms preparestakeholders impact various by use further for unavailable remains data the and data such share to allowed not are institutions agreements/contracts, formal in all at covered not or tackled clearly not are rights usage If work. expert conservation nature for valuable very is that data processed and raw both is projects of such puts out One of main the research. and projects inventory biodiversity various finance institutions public Many rights. authorship and copyright to related issues unsolved to due unused remains often information and data biodiversity much However, fields. these all from benefits economic the also including resources, ofnatural management proper and development policy protection, environmental role in important an play can data of biodiversity management Proper Including D 8: TOPIC ata Usage

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Policy for Commercial Use of IUCN Biodiversity Data, Annex 15 15 toAnnex D Data, Biodiversity IUCN of Use Commercial for Policy ecision C /78/24. 14 - - available on the portal. portal. on the available data the in or inaccuracies data of outdated aresult as arising damages for any liable held be cannot CAEN that and process acontinuous is assurance quality data that indicate Use of Terms BIOPORTAL etc. observations, species population, of species assessment data, spatial and temporal observers, to restricted not but including way, any in information used of the content the change to not agree users BIOPORTAL ofUse, Terms the cepting ac By authors. the of permission written prior with except made, was observation the time the from years two of to prior expiry publications be in used scientific cannot request or upon access public via obtained Data legislation. Croatian applicable other and Protection on Nature Law of the violation in activities for any of use exception the with attribution, proper with published and used be can Bioportal through available Material WFSservices. andthrough types file and .xlsx .csv as conditions, above to subject used, be can data BIOPORTAL authors. the of agreement written to ject sub downloaded be may version complete the however only, for viewing available is system information this in content Multimedia CAEN. to online submitted be can which Publications, and for Data aRequest through public general or the party any to available made be may it However, precision. and information less with edition arestricted in only public the to accessible is which system information web a is BIOPORTAL etc. hr/gis/ ( geoportal System Information Protection -Nature BIOPORTAL the as such databases environmental and for biodiversity standards and rules of set aconsolidated through regulated is of data Use Author 3. Statement. Co-Author 4. and Statement Agreement, the to Annex 2. Author(s), Employer the Executor/ between the and Agreement 1. documents: different four in stipulated rights ship author and of Use Terms through CAEN by developed systems information in ofdata use the regulated has ), the Croatian Speleological Cadastre Portal, Portal, Cadastre Speleological Croatian the ), http://www.bioportal. - - - sharing their access information with third parties. parties. third with information access their sharing from prohibited are users and process registration a requires information to access case, this In CAEN. with Agreement Cooperation asigned have that ties of par representatives authorized by used be only can Objects of Speleological Cadastre the and BIOPORTAL ofthe instance internal the hand, other the On 15 right the Employer the gives Author(s) the Agreement, report complete the modify not shall entirety, Work its in Copyright the of use of case in that and Work, Copyright the in conclusions) and opinions habitats, and/or species of distribution and abundance population of estimates habitats, and species of servations ob observer, the about data (e.g. data original the alter to “ Agreement this However, by Author. the of approval and/or permission consent, further without altered, was work the which for pose of the pur work regardless of in question, the copyright or any modification processing adaptation, translation, development, alteration, ortoday known in the future, format any in and medium any in distribution further and publication (reproduction), multiplication to: right the particularly work, Author’s the use to right drawings, Employer’s the establishes sketches, Agreement This etc. tables, recordings, audio recordings, video recordings, photographs, interpretation, their as well as analyses and results collection data and research reports, the in contained data reports, to limitation, apply, without which Agreement, the under Author(s) Executor/ the by produced outputs the to of rights transfer and of use conditions the stipulates Author(s) The information. the Employer the Executor/ between the and of Agreement author the of statement a as well as party, other the and author the between acontract by regulated are of rights transfer and rights Authorship above. mentioned as rights, authorship to subject also is portals both at of information Use

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(GEF, IPA EU funds, sources international different from funding necessary the of obtaining process the National facilitate to order in NBSAP, etc.) Plan, Action (e.g. Environmental documents strategic relevant the into NBIS of the establishment the to related objectives - - - and maintenance of the IS; list of reporting entities and and entities of reporting list IS; ofthe maintenance and administration of method organisation, are: contents Its EIS. single the of maintenance and coordination development, administration, establishment, of System Administration Programme obliged is CAEN Information fact, In Environmental the adopt and prepare to administration. its for gramme a pro develop to is EIS) of the functioning for effective (i.e. implementation its and Regulation EIS the of tion Another important step necessary for operationaliza sub-areas. and areas thematic into organized sponses, re societal and safety, and health on human impact groups: basic 4 in pressures, environmental components, organised environmental is EIS The systems. existing similar with data of environmental exchange enables and methodologies European and international with accordance in analysed and processed was which data and information of provision and collection It enables manner. transparent and open an in source, at users to accessible is data which in a system by replaced is form paper in reporting that ensure to and technology satellite and Internet the as such tools modern using by streams information and data existing all connect to is EIS of the aim the ordinance, this to According 2008. from System Information Environmental the on Regulation the case this in legislation, secondary in prescribed usually are EIS of the maintenance and administration operation, of method and form content, structure, the about details more fact, In Environment. of the on Protection Law Croatian 148-152 of the Articles in found be can information More organizations. and bodies intergovernmental and Union European of the authorities competent the by out carried phases auditing and reporting the in these supplement must Agency, the from request upon and, compensation without Agency the to data and information provide must authorities competent Also, and completeness reliability. order credibility, to ensure to the Agency are subject to verification of quality in quality of verification to subject are Agency the to for the purposes purposes for the - - - thematic areas and sub-areas. sub-areas. and areas thematic for activities and measures necessary estimate; cost management; information and data environmental of method information; and data of environmental for submission deadlines and method sub-areas; and areas thematic to according submission of data method Registry of natural heritage ofnatural Registry of the apart becoming are they thus assessments, List Red on the based protected or strictly protected as declared be can law, species same 35 ofto Article the According Law on Protection. Nature the under obligation an is List Red of the Development No. 102/2012). Macedonia of Republic the of Gazette (Official Protection Nature for Records Keeping on Rulebook the in found be can More information legislation. in secondary the scribed pre are sharing data and instructions maintenance number, registration ofaunique ofassignment method registry, the and cadastre the ofboth content The NBIS. the of part are both rarities); natural and fossils minerals, objects, speleological species, wild protected and ed protect strictly (includes heritage of natural Registry the and proclamation) for their procedure on-going to due protection temporary under areas as well as areas areas the comprises This economy. the in ofnature protection the to related of records keeping mandatory prescribes 63/16) 39/16, 146/15, 84/07, 35/10, 47/11, 163/13, 13/13, 41/14, 148/11, 59/12, No. of of 67/04, Republic the Macedonia 14/06, Gazette The Macedonian Law on Nature Protection 2 Example (Official (includes all categories of national protected protected of national categories all (includes Cadastre of protected of protected Cadastre - - . 93 93 TOPIC 9 National Legislation Related to BIMR 94 94 TOPIC 9 National Legislation Related to BIMR Further information Further M si-i-medunarodni-ugovori.html http://www.mzoip.hr/hr/priroda/propi protection) nature of field the in treaties tional C of Republic M http://www.haop.hr/hr/informacijski-sustavi (information systems) C http://www.moepp.gov.mk/?page_id=901 roatian A roatian acedonian L acedonian inistry of E of inistry gency for E for gency nvironment and E and nvironment roatia (regulations and interna and (regulations roatia aw on N on aw ature Protection, 2004 Protection, ature nvironment and N and nvironment nergy of the the of nergy ature ature - - 95 95 TOPIC 9 National Legislation Related to BIMR 96 96 TOPIC 10 Gender Mainstreaming TOPIC TOPIC 10

gender equality and re-adjustment when needed. when re-adjustment and equality gender of monitoring enable which elements supporting are indicators of gender-sensitive use the and collection data Sex-disaggregated cooperation. development of level strategic the to refers explicitly it for ORF, since relevance and to of the concept’s fore-runner particular compared innovation clear and addition an is element third This advice. and policy dialogue, sector dialogue, political multi-lateral bi- and in equality gender and rights women’s of integration (iii) and rights; women’ of support in measures support women-specific and discrimination ofgender-based elimination targeted through empowerment (ii) action; and policy opment devel all into perspective equality agender integrating through (i) gender mainstreaming on pillars: rests three It equality. gender on practice and thought velopment de in progress recent reflects document revised The binding is GIZ. including concept organizations, The implementing for all 2014. February in published was version updated the and revised was document policy – Übersektorals Entwicklungspolitik ( Policy/Politics” Development German in Equality “Gender document policy inter-sectorial the in cess pro development the in equality gender to regard with objectives its formulates (BMZ) Development and Cooperation for Economic Ministry The Equality Cooperation and Gender DevelopmentGerman Gender 10: TOPIC Gleichberechtigung der Geschlechter in der deutschen deutschen in der Geschlechter der Gleichberechtigung Mainstreaming Konzept ). This This ). - - - one year remaining until The the end of until phase. the first one remaining year of the course the in implementation its with proceed will and strategy mainstreaming BD gender ORF an planning and implementation. The project developed BD sub-projects ORF BD and ORF of overall processes the into of gender mainstreaming the ensuring and equality gender to committed fully are GIZ BD and ORF levels, operational and legal policy, strategic, at of challenges set acomplex facing are aspects lated re gender and resources of natural use sustainable conservation, of biodiversity topic the Although prerequisite.[2] aclear as opportunities concept GIZ the equal for need the to emphasizes which sustainability of interlinked closely is strategy gender The cooperation. technical of inputs development the shaping in part active and equal an play can women and men (ii) and cooperation; of technical inputs ment develop the from extent equal an to benefit women and men (i) substantive: and noteworthy are results indirect foreseen strategy’s The members.” staff GIZ for all mandatory are company the within equality gender to relating Strategy Gender of the “provisions the Furthermore, action. specific into translated be 3 the that is predecessors two its from difference major The programmes.[1] and projects for mainstreaming gender elaborates further strategy The GIZ. within i.e. organization, the within foremost and first the need for gender equality promoting highlights 3 the is own its in concepts document strategic relevant the binding present, At strategies. Ministry’s the erationalizes op GIZ BMZ, of the organization implementing an As rd corporate “Gender Strategy 2010-2014” which which 2010-2014” Strategy “Gender corporate

rd version version must - - -

97 97 TOPIC 10 Gender Mainstreaming 98 98 TOPIC 10 Gender Mainstreaming and transportation. transportation. and environment, education, health, trade, as such sectors, or areas programmatic all and institutions mainstream existing into perspective agender integrating by tained ob is This equality. gender greater achieving at aimed mainstreaming Gender men. and women both by faced constraints and opportunities ecological and social, political, economic, the affect then roles gender and Gender circumstances. economic and age also roles gender ethnicity, religion, class/caste, society, race/ethnicity, by differ same the Within relations. and roles gender different adopted world have of the parts different in men and women laws, and customs norms, values, on depending Thus, norms. social and culture by shaped is gender rather, men; and women between differences biological or the on sex based not is Gender resources. ofnatural management and use on the effect profound a have can which them, between relations power the Gender and play women and masculine. men that roles and social the shapes feminine is what defines Gender man. a or woman a being with associated behaviours expectations socially-constructed the to refers gender term The Introducing Gender Eschborn Concept. Sustainability (2008). [2] GTZ Eschborn 2010-2014. Strategy Gender [1] (2010). GTZ data. of sex-disaggregated analysis and recording for collection, mechanism well-established the through results deliver already to project the enabling hence initiated, been already has component equity gender the of implementation The mainstreaming. gender and equality gender equity, of gender perspectives the addressing components ofthree consists itself strategy about the characteristics, attitudes and and attitudes characteristics, the about is a comprehensive strategy strategy comprehensive a is - include different labour responsibilities, priorities, priorities, men responsibilities, labour and different include women of roles Gender biodiversity. of conservation and management use, the on relations and roles gender of influence the identifying involves biodiversity to relation in issues gender Considering Biodiversity and Gender Linking studies from around the world have demonstrated demonstrated world have the around from studies case Many conservation. biodiversity enhances men and women of knowledge and practices biodiversity gender-differentiated the understanding and Exposing programming. and planning policies, versity influence how women and men are affected by biodi inequalities and differences these which in ways the and ofbiodiversity, use sustainable and conservation the on inequalities and differences gender of influences the consider to need We resources. over control in inequalities gender as well as usage, and acquisition gender-dif expose gendered knowledge practices, and biodiversity ferentiated understand to need we benefits, ofits sharing the and use sustainable conservation, biodiversity regarding policies efficient inform To disasters. natural and change climate loss, biodiversity to vulnerability in as well as power, in decision-making assets, and productive other resources biodiversity land, over control and to access and opportunities economic in evident are differences gender Stark males. favour to tend which inequalities, and most differences gender-based are there in circumstances However, cultures. and countries within and between vary decision-making, in participate to ability the and of biodiversity, management the in women and of men responsibilities and roles The them. manage to how as uses well as their species, about different knowledge As women a and men result, resources. develop different biodiversity manage and use men and how women decision-making power, and knowledge, which affect - - participation in training and extension services. extension and training in participation equitable and information to access increased through increased be should initiatives conservation menting man in imple institutions based participate community oflocal, to agement capacity biodiversity Women’s to related conservation. making decision women’s in encourage and participation increase to strive must projects need resources over and programs biodiversity control Besides, to be documented. and needs differential men’s and women’s and biodiversity of management and use, conservation, the on data Gender-disaggregated responsibilities. shared their reflects which resources biodiversity about knowledge complementary have men and women resources; biodiversity about men necessary is it of knowledge women and Therefore, the to differential document data. gender-disaggregated to access information, to access and education voice, and participation meaningful are management and vation conser biodiversity in issues gender key the of Some projects? into biodiversity How do we mainstream gender efficient. and effective more become efforts conservation biodiversity opment, financial assistanceand devel policy development,organizational transfer, technology training, and education generation, and sharing information to related decision-making in equals as participate to groups vulnerable and women empowering in that - - - - stakeholders of range a cycle, project the Throughout Planning phase Planning and managing aBIS implementing planning, when to consider aspects Gender that: means This gender-sensitive. be must engagement Stakeholder participate. should data to be collected. be to data of the part are statistics gender relevant that Ensure identified. are ments require reporting of the aspects gender that Ensure in decision-making processes. decision-making in heard and represented adequately are they ensure to considered, be should associations women’s of capacity the building cases, these In participation. coordinated their ensure to organized adequately be not may organizations women’s places, some In concerns. women’s security consider that locations in and home, the leave can women when atime at held meetings example, For account. into taken are face may women that constraints particular The of view. points of female a range triangulate and integrate to made be should efforts and perspective, female one be not will There ed. represent are of A women’srange wide perspectives participate. to able and willing are women that ensure to taken be to need Steps groups. and associations different as such projects, biodiversity in BIS). on the engaged be to experts biology and IT (including associates and personnel project external and internal in balance gender Ensure sented in organizations that are typically consulted consulted typically are that organizations in sented repre less are and settings meeting in forthcoming Women’s women less Typically, are heard. voices are represented. are men and women Both - - - 99 99 TOPIC 10 Gender Mainstreaming 100 100

TOPIC 10 Gender Mainstreaming Management phase Implementation phase sitive than other actors. Allocate adequate resources resources adequate Allocate actors. other than sitive sen gender more automatically not is society Civil Assign clear responsibility for such documenting. On On documenting. such for responsibility clear Assign biodiversity. of good engendering practice Document ends. project the once continues data disaggregated of gender- collection the that so to place in are ments commit budget and processes systems, that Ensure identified/apparent. is non-compliance whenever obligations equality gender their to partners and counterparts Alert activities. all throughout data gender-disaggregated Collect Points seek and Identify publication. to prior content gender for their PR materials check basis, routine a On management. and conservation for biodiversity relevant equally as men and women portraying and stereotypes, gender avoiding guage, lan gender-sensitive of using requirement the to journalists and editors specialists, DTP designers, materialsandactivities. Alertpartners, contracted raising awareness and dissemination, information Develop resources. other and building capacity training, to access equal Ensure women’s interests. represent that organizations society civil engage Also, networks. and hubs knowledge international and regional to organizations such of linking the support Pro-actively and management. conservation biodiversity and equality gender between nexus the substantiate and address to organizations society civil ofselected capacities the for strengthening in partner organizations and institutions. and organizations partner in gender-sensitive and stereotype-free PR stereotype-free gender-sensitive and collaboration with Gender Focal Focal Gender with collaboration - - - ,

exchange on approaches, challenges. on approaches, exchange increase and experience from learning enable to order in events regional in subsequently and ings) meet management and planning in (e.g. internally initially cases, collected the present basis, a routine - garding conservation and sustainable use of natural ofnatural use sustainable and conservation garding re skills and knowledge use, of patterns of analysis abetter achieving means environment the and ships relation gender between linkages the Understanding In conclusion reducing poverty and improving human well-being. human improving and poverty reducing loss, biodiversity reversing to approach and outlook should be into our included Such development. insights sustainable and conservation biodiversity alleviation, poverty equality, gender between linkages clear size empha Goals Development Sustainable protection. environmental to related those including (SDGs), Goals Development Sustainable the attain to possible be not will it potential, productive and creative full of their of women and the realization the participation Without development. agement is a for precondition sustainable man environmental to relation in account into gender Taking justice. and social rights human of fundamental a is clearly matter be equality Gender seen. ecosystems and relationships of human picture complete a more can place in a perspective gender with Only resources. - - - - 101 101 TOPIC 10 Gender Mainstreaming 102 REFERENCES

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Chapman, A.D. and J. Wieczorek (eds). (2006): Guide to Best Practices for Georeferencing. Copenhagen: Global Biodiversity Information Facility.

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Hamer, M., Victor, J., Smith, G.F. (2012): Best Practice Guide for Compiling, Maintaining and Disseminating National Species Checklists, version 1.0, released in October 2012. Copenhagen: GBIF, 40 pp.

GBIF (2012): GBIF-ICLEI-CBD Best Practice Guide for Publishing Biodiversity Data by the Local Governments, (contributed by Cadman, M.J.; Chavan, V.; Patrickson, S.; Galt, R.; Mader, A.; Sood, R.; Hirsch, T.) Copenhagen: Global Biodiversity Information Facility, pp. 62.

GBIF (2011): Promoting biodiversity data inclusive EIA: Best Practice Guide for publishing primary biodiversity data, (contributed by Cadman, M., Chavan, V., King, N., Willoughby, S., Rajvanshi, A., Mathur, V.B., Roberts, R. and Hirsch, T.) Copenhagen: Global Biodiversity Information Facility, pp 50.

GBIF (2010): Best Practices in Publishing Species Checklists. Contributors: Remsen D, Döring M, Robertson T, Ko B. Copenhagen: Global Biodiversity Information Facility, 10 pp.

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Amariles, C. Arvanitidis, L. Bastin, F. De Leo, W. Egloff, J. Elith, D. Hobern, D. Martin, H. M. Pereira, G. Pesole, J. Peterseil, H. Saarenmaa, D. Schigel, D. S. Schmeller, N. Segata, E. Turak, P. F. Uhlir, B. Wee and A. R. Hardisty (2017): Building essential biodiversity variables (EBVs) of species distribution and abundance at a global scale. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc., 2017 Aug 2.

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ANNEXES ANNEXES ANNEXES * Required DwCterms http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/ see definitions of term list (for full terms Core Darwin use frequently of Definitions D Definitions Annex decimalLatitude dateIdentified coordinateUncertaintyInMeters collectionCode catalogNumber behavior basisOfRecord* associatedTaxa associatedReferences associatedMedia bibliographicCitation acccessRights Term ar win 1. C

ore of it. Legal values liebetween -90 and90, inclusive. of thegeographiccentre of a Location. Positive values are northofE the The geographiclatitude(indecimaldegrees, usingthe spatialreference systemgiven ingeodeticDatum) The dateonwhichthesubjectwasidentified as representing the Taxon. valid value for thisterm. unknown, cannot beestimated, orisnotapplicable (because there are nocoordinates). Zero isnota the smallestcircle containing thewholeofLocation. Leave the value empty if theuncertainty is The horizontal distance (inmeters) from thegiven decimalLatitudeandongitudedescribing An identifier for the collection ordatasetfrom whichthe record wasderived. An identifier (preferably unique) for the record withinthedatasetor collection. the resource asunambiguously aspossible. identify to detail bibliographic sufficient include to is practice Recommended used. when (attributed) A ommended bestpractice istouseacontrolled vocabulary ( A “HumanObservation”, “MachineObservation”.) as the list of The specific nature of the data record (recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such mellifera”) currence ( Oc the with associations their and taxa of names or identifiers of separated) (concatenatedand list A identifier, URI)ofliterature associatedwiththeOccurrence. unique global reference, bibliographic (publication, identifiers of separated) and (concatenated list A associated withtheOccurrence. media of URI) identifier, unique global (publication, identifiers of separated) and (concatenated list A “not-for-profit useonly”) include information regarding access orrestrictions basedonprivacy, security, orotherpolicies( Information aboutwhocan access theresource oranindication ofitssecurity status. Definition description of the behaviour shown by the subject atthe time the Occurrence was recorded. R bibliographicreference for the resource asastatementindicating how thisrecord shouldbecited of terms Examples: “host: Quercus alba”, “parasitoid of:C Darwin C fre ore classes. Examples: “PreservedSpecimen”, “F quently ) Examples: “roosting”, “foraging”, “running”) yclocephala signaticollis |predator of use ossilSpecimen”, “LivingSpecimen”, quator, negative values are south

A ccess Rightsmay xample: Example: Apis ec - - 105 105 ANNEXES 106 106

ANNEXES geodeticDatum georeferencedBy geodeticDatum institutionCode habitat georeferenceVerificationStatus georeferenceProtocol eventDate* infraspecificEpithet individualCount* identificationVerificationStatus identificationRemarks identificationReferences identificationQualifier identifiedBy* decimalLongitude Term the event wasrecorded given in decimalLatitude and decimalLongitudeas based. The ellipsoid, geodetic datum, orspatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geographiccoordinates georeference (spatial representation) for theLocation. A reference system). at the time), “71” (uncertainty for a UTM coordinate having 100 meter precision and aknown spatial (reasonable lower limitofaGPSreading undergoodconditions iftheactualprecision wasnotrecorded or code oftheellipsoid, ifknown. If noneoftheseisknown, usethe value “unknown”. E xamples: “30” the nameorcode ofthegeodeticdatum, ifknown. Otherwiseuseacontrolled vocabulary for thename code asacontrolled vocabulary toprovide anSRS, ifknown. Otherwise useacontrolled vocabulary for given in decimalLatitude and decimalLongitudeas based. The ellipsoid, geodetic datum, orspatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geographiccoordinates to intherecord. The name(or acronym) inuseby theinstitutionhaving custody oftheobject(s) or information referred A possible spatialdescription. R A categorical description of the extent to which the georeference has been verified to represent the best “Georeferencing QuickR 2006). Global Biodiversity Information F uncertainties. Examples: “ A “EPSG:4326”, “WGS84”,NAD “27” name or code of the ellipsoid, if known. If none of these is known, usethe value “unknown”. Examples: for thenameorcode ofthegeodeticdatum, ifknown. Otherwiseuseacontrolled vocabulary for the code asacontrolled vocabulary toprovide anSRS, ifknown.Otherwise useacontrolled vocabulary The date-timeorintervalduringwhichanE are west ofit. Legal values liebetween -180 and180, inclusive. of thegeographiccentre ofaLocation. Positive values are eastoftheGreenwichM The geographiclongitude(indecimaldegrees, usingthespatialreference systemgiven ingeodeticDatum) designation. rank any excluding scientificName, the of epithet infraspecific terminal or lowest the of name The name tothesubject. A A categorical indicator of the extent to which the taxonomic identification has been verified to be correct. be “aff. agrifolia var. oxyadenia”) (Examples: 1) For the determination “Quercus aff. agrifolia var. oxyadenia”, identificationQualifier would A brief phrase or a standard term (“cf.”, “aff.”) to express the determiner’s doubts about the Identification and ponticsandy steppe”. The numberofindividualsrepresented present atthetimeofOccurrence. Comments ornotesabout theIdentification. Identification. A list (concatenated and separated) of references (publication, global unique identifier, URI) used in the Definition list (concatenated andseparated) of names of people, groups, ororganizations who determinedthe list(concatenated andseparated)ofnames ofpeople, groups, ororganizations whoassignedthetaxon category ordescription ofthehabitatinwhichE description or reference to the methods used to determine the spatial footprint, coordinates, and Examples: “concolor”, “oxyadenia”, “sayi” eference Guide”. Guide toBest Practices for Georeferencing. ( ecommended bestpractice is touseacontrolled vocabulary. acility.”, “Ma vent occurred. F NIS/Herp vent occurred. Examples: “grassland”, “pannonian R R ecommended bestpractice is use the EPSG ecommended bestpractice is use the EPSG or occurrences, thisisthedate-timewhen N et/ ORNIS Georeferencing Guidelines”, Chapman and eridian, negative values W ieczorek, eds. rightsHolder organismQuantity occurrenceStatus occurrenceRemarks occurrenceID modified maximumDepthInMeters minimumDepthInMeters maximumElevationInMeters minimumElevationInMeters scientificNameAuthorship scientificName* organismQuantityType recordedBy* preparation locationID locationRemarks locality* lifeStage license kingdom Term applicable nomenclaturalCode. Example: “(Torr.) J.T. Howell”, the of “(Martinovský) conventions Tzvelev”, the to according “(Györfi, formatted 1952)” scientificName the for information authorship The A (recordNumber), shouldbelistedfirst. the original Occurrence. The primary collector or observer, especially one who applies a personal identifier A organismQuantity for “%biomass” with organismQuantityorganismQuantityType; for for “12.5”“individuals” with tity A use acontrolled vocabulary ( A C record thatwillmostclosely make theoccurrenceI D globally unique. the in identifiers of combination a from identifier, one unique construct global persistent a of absence the occurrence). In the of record digital particular a to opposed (as Occurrence the for identifier An The mostrecent date-timeonwhichtheresource waschanged. The greater depthofarangebelow thelocal surface, inmeters. The lesserdepthofarangebelow thelocal surface, inmeters. The upperlimitoftherangeelevation(altitude, usually above sealevel), in meters. The lower limitoftherangeelevation(altitude, usually above sealevel), inmeters. unique identifieroranspecifictothedataset. An identifier for the set of location information (data associated with DCterms: Location). May be a global perceived errors or standardize the description. waterBody, island, islandGroup). This term may contain information modified from the original to correct geographic DwCterms(higherGeography, continent, economy, stateProvince, county, other municipality, in provided be can information geographic specific Less place. the of description specific The tification, thisshouldbe thenameinlowest level taxonomic rankthat can bedetermined. The full scientific name, with authorship and date information if known. When forming part of an Iden- The typeofquantification systemused for thequantity oforganisms (e.g. e.g., “27” for organismQuan- A Comments ornotesabouttheLocation. Example: “under watersince 2005”. adults 4juveniles”) ommended bestpractice istouseacontrolled vocabulary ( The ageclassorlife stageofthebiological individual(s) atthetimeOccurrence wasrecorded. R A legal documentgivingofficialpermissiontodosomethingwiththe resource The fullscientificnameofthekingdominwhichtaxon isclassified. Definition list(concatenated and separated)ofpreparations andpreservation methodsfor aspecimen. list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups, or organizations responsible for recording personororganizationowning ormanagingrightsover theresource numberorenumeration value for thequantity oforganisms. statementaboutthepresence orabsence ofa omments ornotesabouttheOccurrence ( T ype; “r” for organismQuantity with “BraunBlanquetScale” for organismQuantity Examples: “present”, “absent”) Example: “found deadonroad”) Example: “south of T axon ataLocation. R Examples: “egg”, “eft”, “juvenile”, “adult”, “2 Martinovice village, 8 km ecommended bestpractice is to E from Plav”. T ype ec - 107 107 ANNEXES 108 108

ANNEXES verbatimSRS verbatimLocality verbatimLatitude verbatimEventDate verbatimDepth verbatimCoordinateSystem verbatimCoordinates waterBody vernacularName TypeStatus taxonRemarks taxonRank specificEpithet sex scientificNameID Term verbatimLongitude verbatimElevation batim The ellipsoid, geodeticdatum, orspatialreference system(SRS) uponwhichcoordinates given in ver The originaltextualdescriptionoftheplace ( should bestored in verbatim C R The verbatim originallatitude oftheLocation. 2002”, “1999-03-XX”, “17IV1934”) The verbatim originalrepresentation ofthedateandtimeinformation for anE “1000-1500 m”) T The originaldescriptionofthedepthbelow thelocal surface ( degrees”, “degrees decimalminutes”, “degrees minutesseconds”, “UTM”. nates oftheLocation. R The spatialcoordinate systemfor the verbatim system shouldbestored in verbatimC Spatial R The verbatim originalspatialcoordinates oftheLocation. 1985. HistoriaNatural, 5(37):388”, “paratype ofOtiorhynchus subnivalis” tion) appliedtothesubject. Examples: “holotype ofC A list (concatenated and separated) of nomenclatural types (type status, typified scientific name, publica butterfly”. A Examples: “PSG:4326”, “WGS84”, “NAD27” for thenameorcode oftheellipsoid, ifknown. If noneoftheseisknown, usethe value “unknown”. vocabulary for the name orcode of the geodetic datum, if known. is use the should bestored in verbatim C R trolled vocabulary. Examples: “ The name of the water body in which the C controlleda vocabularyuse ( The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the scientificName. Recommended best practice is to The nameofthefirstorspeciesepithetscientificName. Examples: “concolor”, “bosnicus” dite”, “8 males, 4females”.) The sexofthebiological individual(s) represented inthe Occurrence ( org:names:37829-1:1.3”) An identifier for the nomenclatural (not taxonomic) details of a scientific name (Example: “urn:lsid:ipni. Definition The verbatim originallongitudeoftheLocation. he original description of the elevation (altitude, usually above sea level) of the L eference System (SRS) for thesecoordinates shouldbestored in verbatimS RS andthecoordinate system eference System (SRS) for thesecoordinates shouldbestored in verbatimS RS andthecoordinate system common or vernacular name. Examples: “ Golden eagle”, “ omments ornotesaboutthetaxon orname. Example: “this nameisamisspellingincommon use”. Latitude and verbatim eference System (SRS) for these coordinates should be stored in verbatimSRS and the coordinate EPSG code as a controlled vocabulary to provide an SRS, if known. ecommended bestpractice istouseacontrolled vocabulary. Examples: “decimal Longitude, or verbatimC Examples: “subspecies”, “varietas”, “forma”, “species”, “genus”.) oordinateSystem. oordinateSystem. A driatic sea”, “Skadar lake”, “Bosna river”. oordinateSystem. Location occurs. Example: “ Latitude and verbatim The coordinate ellipsoid, geodeticDatum, orfullSpatial The coordinate ellipsoid, geodeticDatum, orfullSpatial oordinates are based. R tenomys sociabilis. Pearson O A The coordinate ellipsoid, geodeticDatum, orfull vala, Beograd”) Alpine salamander”, “Serbian spruce”, “ R ecommended best practice is to use a con- Example: “10-12 m”.) Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary Longitude orthe verbatimC Examples: “female”, “hermaphro- ecommended bestpractice Otherwise use a controlled vent (“spring1910”, “Marzo . P., andM. I. Christie. ocation ( E xample: pollo Apollo oordi- - - can be adapted to the needs of the institution or individual who collects data in the field. the in data collects who individual or institution the of needs the to adapted be can Highly recommended additional attributes ( data survey field of submission for template Model field Model Annex scientif ic Name for Databaserecords for occurrence ilustration for aspecimenfrom acollection for Observation for Locality for Identification for Taxon - fied By identi survey - 2. organism

Quantity template organism Quantity T ype sex, lifeStage, behavior, associatedT minimum coordinateUncertaintyIn dateIdentified, identificationQualifier, identificationRemarks kingdom occurrenceID, accessRights, rightsHolder, modified associatedM catalogNumber, institution C data recorded By DepthIn edia event for Date M eters, maximum minimum M locality eters, minimum ode, collectionC submission

and recommended set of attributes). of set attributes). recommended and axa DepthIn Latitude decimal ElevationIn ode, preparation M eters, location Longitude decimal M eters, maximum R geodetic Datum emarks basis Of Record ElevationIn of The template template The occurrence R emarks M

eters, 109 109 ANNEXES 110 110

ANNEXES Model template for submission of data from literature ( literature from data of submission for template Model can be adapted to the needs of the institution or individual who inputs the data from literature. from data the inputs who individual or institution the of needs the to adapted be can data Model Annex scientific Name References associated from 3.

template Event Date verbatim literature Locality batim ver - C oordinates verbatim for minimum minimum verbatim Latitude submission and recommended set of attributes). of set recommended and Longitude verbatim verbatim C nate System oordi - Elevation verbatim of

The template template The verbatim

Depth ANNEXES NOTES NOTES NOTES NOTES NOTES NOTES NOTES NOTES

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