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^200 to Icen (Oventuoel Fotokopl* Van) Gjjotokoplo V.O Vrasgt O Mlkrofilm/-Ficha Vgn

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^200 to Icen (Oventuoel Fotokopl* Van) Gjjotokoplo V.O Vrasgt O Mlkrofilm/-Ficha Vgn 275 1 Domestic Water Consumption: 87 TH idy of a Village Community With No ™-_ Water Supply System WongT. byS. LIBRARY Department of Geography Simon Fraser University INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE Burnaby, B.C. Canada V5A 1S6 ABSTRACT Thai rural domestic water consumption of 282 households for 59 villages in Amphoe Nong Sua. Pathum Than/ Province. Thailand, examinedis thisin study. paperThe describes patternthe of rural domestic eval- waterand use uates the factors which affect per capita rural \vaterconsumption. Stepwise regression analysis was applied to assess the variables which were postulated to be associated with per capita rural water consumption. The variables that were found to be significantly associated with per capita rural water consumption were household si7.c. average household age, level education,of average household income numberand bathsof day.per INTRODUCTION access to clean water. The U.N. global improvement goa f wateo l r suppl Secone th yn i d Development Dec- Acces adequaten a o st , safconveniend ean t source ade (1970-1980) "to supply safe water to all of the of water supply is a basic human need which is in- urban population and 25 per cent of the rural pop- dispensabl nationae th r efo l healt economid han c well- ulation" therefor mett no .s Becausewa targee eth f to being of every society. Unfortunately, this access is the Second Development Decade was not attained, the not easily within the reach of every one as good qual- U.N. General Assembl Novemben yo , 198010 r- de , ity fresh t uniformlwateno s i r y distributed ovee th r cided to proclaim 1980-1990 as the International earth's surface. Even if fresh water is accessible, not Drinking Water Suppl Sanitatiod yan n Decade- re , every househol privileges di servee b o t dd wit. hit affirming the goal of clean water for all by 1990 [3]. O globana le 1970'scalth bese n i esth t available This declaratio issues nha dchallenga l national o et s figures showed that onl rurye cenr abouth -pe f to 0 1 t around the globe "to take concerted action for pro- al populations had,a safe source of water [1]. On a viding citizens with acces safo st e drinking water" [4]. regional basis, the region of the Americas had the proclamatioe Th involvemenne callth r sfo inpud tan t highest coveragcentr pe 9 . 1 Afric t e centr a 1d 1pe a ha , of national and international participation, mobiliza- r cenanpe d t 9 [2]Asi d .aha tion of resources, national investments, bilateral or According to W.H.O figures in 1970, among 71 de- multilateral aid. veloping countries, only 68 percent of the urban pop- During 1980-1983, the increase in the number of ulation and 14 per cent of the rural population were peopl ruran i e l areas receiving water supplies rose adequately served with potable water: 77 per cent of from 30 to 38 per cent of the world's rural popula- the total urban populatio accesd nha pipeo st d water tion. Thailand responde Decade th o t d e declaration through house connection stanr so d pipes r v/hilpe 2 e2 in 198 prepared 3an Masterplada r Ruranfo l Water cent of the rural communities had access to safe wa- Supply and Sanitation for the whole country [5]. This ter. Over the period 1970-1975, W.H.O. estimated was done for communities that are within the provin- thanumbee th t peoplf ro e having acces publio t s - cwa cial jurisdiction of the Department of Public Health. ter supply in developing countries increased from e traditionaTh l approac communito ht y wate- de r 498 million to 763 million. Despite the 53'per cent in- velopment in Thailand has been to rely on provincial crease, however largea , proportio develope th f no - agencie externad spearheao san t d ai l d communit- ywa ing countries still did not receive clean water. ter supply in rural areas [6]. The history of rural wa- In 1980, less than 75 per cent of the world's urban ter supply development dates back to the early 1950's. 'rurae populatiocenr th f pe l to populatio 5 1 d nan d nha It was not until 1966 that a major effort was made in 0250-8060/87/53.30 Water International, 12 (1987) 60-68 © IWRA/Printed in the U.S.A. - ^200 to Icen (oventuoel fotokopl* van) gjjotokoplo v.o vrasgt O mlkrofilm/-ficha vgn cooperation with the United States Operations Mis- tors affectin r capitagpe l water consumptio pree nar - sio supplo nt y wate 12,00o rt 0 communitie ; 8-11]s[6 . sented e perceptioTh . attitudd e villagernan th f eo s resulte Th thif so s effort have however been mixed. toward improven sa d syste f ruramo l water suppls yi An evaluation of the effectiveness of the Community presented elsewhere in another paper [24]. Portable Water Project showed thatechnologe th t - yap Thi partso stw studn .i Pardescribee s yi on t e sth sophisticateo to plies wa d r smalfo d l rural commu- characteristics and pattern of rural domestic water use nities [12-17]. The small scale approach based on run- by village household districte th t sa , subdistricd an t off collection tank pondd san s t seaso durinwe e ngth village levels. Parpresento tw t stepwise sth e regres- s thereforha e been recommende e Northeasth r dfo t sion analysis of some factors affecting per capital rur- [18, 19], althoug Nationae hth l Economi Sociad can l al water consumption at these three levels. Development Board (N.E.S.D.B.) continues to invest in and promote the large scale plan [5, 20]. While researc functionae th n hi l desig ruraf n- o wa l RESEARCH DESIGN, DATD AAN ter supply and the application of various types of fil- STUDY AREA tration processes for rural surface water treatment is continuously being improved, little is known about the The research design entails a complex sampling pro- patter ruraf no l water consumptio factore th d - snaf an cedure in the selection of village households. The data r capitfectinpe e agth wate r consumptio ruran i l com- were obtained fro ma fiel d 2 survevillag28 f o ye munities that hav organizeo en d water supply system households and the interviews were conducted by the [21-23]. An organized water supply system is one author when he was supervising a number of mast- where household havn sca e water pumpe r delivdo - er's theses project ruran so l developmen Thailann i t d ered to their homes at a cost billed quarterly, bian- [25]. nually or annually by an administrative agency of a In order to sample a village household one must first local district council. Only communities which have understand the administrative hierarchy of political unit Thailandn si Thailandn I . highese th , t level unit f administratioo province th s ni e (changwad). Ben- Little is known about the eath it is the district (amphoe). Each district is divid- patter f rurano l water intd e onumbea subdistrictf ro s (tambon). Each sub- consumption and the factors district is made up of villages (muban), each of which is composed of households or farmsteads. affectin capitr pe e a gth wate r In this paper, the area of study if focused on Am- consumption in rural phoe Nondistrictx si province f gth o Suan e i s on ,e communities that havo en of Pathum Thani, whic locates hi d abou kilome6 5 t - ters nort f Bangkoho provincee k (FigTh . 1) . , which organized water supply ha populatioa s f abouno t 300,000 accordine th o gt system 1980 census, is made up of six districts, fifty-seven subdistricts and five hundred and five villages. Am- phoe Nong Sua, which is made up of six subdistricts, populatioa morf no e than five thousan thosd dan e that has fifty-nine villages. The number of villages in each e withiar n the,J>rovincial jurisdictio Depart-e th f no , subdistrict ranges from eigh thirteeno t subdise Th . - ment of Public Health have access to the services and tric largese tth thad t ha tnumbe villagef ro Tams swa - facilities of a centrally administered water supply and bon Sara Krue, which had thirteen villages. The re- distribution system. maining forty-six villages thus compose rese f dth o t the five subdistricts. There were 5,255 households in Amphoe Nong Sua. PURPOSE OF STUDY Of this, 985 households were accounted for by Tam- bon Sar cenr a pe Krue t 4 stratifie2 A . d sampl5 98 f eo purpose Th thif eo s pape preseno t s ri casa t e study households (i.e. 236) for thirteen villages was taken e sucoon fh village community orgao whicn s -hha for detailed investigation completo T . coverage eth e nized water supply system. Most of the villages here for the whole district of Amphoe Nong Sua, an ar- depend on rain, klong (canal) and pond water which bitrary sample of one household from each of the free chargef us eo the n yca termn I . supplyf so , there forty-six villages was selected from the five remain- does not seem to be a problem in this community. ing subdistricts totae Th .l numbe f householdo r r fo s However, ther qualita s ei y proble durinms y a dr e gth Amphoe None Sua therefore came to 282 households season ther juss t enougei no t h good quality water (236 + 46 = 282) for fifty-nine villages.
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