( ) 139 3

( Alnus subcordata )

4 3 1 2 *1

[email protected] : *. ( 1 . 2( . ( 3 . ( 4

92 /12 /18 : 92 /07 /09 :

( Alnus subcordata ) 20 20× 6 . ( Parrottia carpinetum ) ) . . ( 10 . . . . . . . :

.( 1377 ) ( ) .( Singh et al ., 2005 )

/ 16

( ) .( Nagaike et al ., 2003 ) Legare et 1383 ) .( al ., 2001 Munoz- Roberts, 2002 Yirdaw, 2001 ) ( Hosseini, 1998 ) .( Reinoso, 2004 Guariguata et al ., ) ( Khanna, 1997 ) Keenan et al ., 1997 Haggar et al ., 1997 1995 Ashton et al ., Parrotta et al ., 1997 Lugo, 1997 .( Carnevale & Montagnini, 2002 2001 .( Montagnini, 2000 ) Semwal et al ., 2003 ) ( Myrold & Huss-Danell, 2003 .( Ganjegunt et al ., 2004 ) ( 1997 ) Deal .( Barbier et al ., 2008 ) ( 1386 ) .( Meier et al ., 2006 ) . Binkley & ) Parrotta, Homann et al ., 1995 Solline, 1990 . .( 1999 Rouhi-Moghadam ( 1386 )

. ( 2008 ) /

. / 93 17 / ( Alnus subcordata )

10 34 36 ) .( 1368 ) ( 19 52 . 20 20× ( Alnus subcordata ) ) 100 × 100 Parrottia- ) .( 1377 ) 20 ( carpinetum ( 10 ( ) 4×4 . 17 4 2 ( ) . ) . ( Rouhi-Moghadam ) ( et al ., 2008 . . 16 6/ ( ) . 823 5/ 1×1 30 Rouhi-Moghadam ) . .( et al ., 2008 48 70 . . .( 1368 ) Lodhiyal & Lodhiyal, ) )1( / :( 2003 .

B % Re = 1[ − ]×100 )1:( / A 93 / 18

( Shannon-Weiner ) %Re ( Simpson ) A ( Margalef ) : B ( Menhinick ) . ( Sheldon ) 4×4 .( 1384 ) ( Pielou ) 100 . ( )6/7 Ludwing & 2) Jaccard . ( Renolds, 1988 ( 1376 ) Burt, 2004 a .( ) JI = )2:( a + b + c . a 1:1 pH b ( EC ) . c .( 1372 ) EC SPSS - . 19 .( 1372 ) . . Hardtle . ( 2003 ) t .( Poorbabaei & Poorrahmati, 2009 ) . . . .

. /

. ( ) / 93 19 / ( Alnus subcordata )

( C/N ) . .( 1 ) (pH ) ( ) .( 3 ) . 4.( ) 2.( ) . 5 (EC) . 6 .( 3 )

( ±) 1. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( C/N ) ( ) 40/1 ± 08/0 29/1 ± 08/0 92/0 ± 07/0 14/0 ± /0 004 15 71/ ± 60/0 59/2 ± 06/0 95/0 ± 06/0 39/1 ± 17/0 01/1 ± 07/0 16/0 ± /0 005 21 15/ ± 30/1 02/2 ± 08/0 /0 002 ** /0 639 ns /0 419 ns /0 034 * /0 004 ** /0 000 ** P 04/1 ± 02/ 36/1 ± 05/0 56/0 ± 03/0 14/0 ± /0 003 20 97/ ± 10/1 15/2 ± 06/0

92/0 ± 07/0 51/1 ± 15/0 62/0 ± 06/0 15/0 ± /0 006 30 65/ ± 09/2 37/1 ± 03/0

/0 162 ns /0 052 ns /0 463 ns /0 397 ns /0 002 ** /0 000 ** P ( 0/05 ) ns ( 0/05 ) * ( 0/01 ) ** ( ± ) 2. ( ) ( ) ( )

36 97/ ± 97/5 34/4 ± 94/3 16 70/ ± 27/3 ± ± ±

38 61/ 64/5 10 44/ 35/3 31 47/ 49/3

ns ns * /0 848 /0 266 /0 012 P / ns * / 93 / 20

( ±) 3.

EC (mg/g ) pH ( ) ( ) ( ) (mg/g ) (mg/g ) (mg/g ) C/N ( ) ( ) (ds/m)

28 66/ ± 94/2 52 38/ ± 07/3 18 50/ ± 09/2 23 54/ ± 35/1 71 67/ ± 70/2 48 75/ ± 09/1 25 76/ ± 64/0 52/5 ± 37/0 40/0 ± 09/1 82/3 ± 25/0 22/0 ± /0 005 82/7 ± 02/0

32 83/ ± 37/2 47 16/ ± 54/2 20 00/ ± 65/1 17 78/ ± 99/0 39 48/ ± 41/1 56 75/ ± 92/0 25 48/ ± 17/1 19/7 ± 11/0 37/0 ± /0 005 62/4 ± 01/0 17/0 ± /0 004 66/7 ± 06/0

/0 736 ns /0 966 ns /0 588 ns /0 007 ** /0 000 ** /0 000 ** /0 837 ns /0 002 ** /0 011 * /0 011 * /0 000 ** /0 057 ns P

( 05/0 ) ns ( 05/0 ) * ( 01/0 ) **

( ±) 4. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 48 66/ ± 66/7 18/0 ± 06/0 19 53/ ± 44/0 27 21/ ± 12/1 63 00/ ± 83/5 95/1 ± 40/0 19 42/ ± 81/2 32 00/ ± 70/3 /0 095 ns /0 007 ** /0 958 ns /0 265 ns P ( 0/05 ) ns ( 0/05 ) ** .( Augusto et al ., 2002 ) . (Hagen-Thoren et al ., 2004 ) 7.( ) 7.( ) . Alhamd ( 2003 ) Huss-Danell Myrold 8.( ) 106 ( 2009 ) Hansen . ( 2004 ) 8.( ) 46/0 38/0 Mathew . Singh ( 1998 ) Jaieyoba ( 1997 ) ( 2004 ) 9.( ) Yamashita .

( 2008 ) / Killingbeck ( 1996 ) . / 93 21 / ( Alnus subcordata )

. ( ) . .( Parrotta, 1999 ) . . .( 1384 )

5. Ph 08/0 10 Smilax excelsa L. He /4 375 5/0 Viola alba Besser. He 08/0 Primula heterochroma Stapf. He 33/6 Sambacus ebulus L. He 16/0 Mentha aquatica L. Ch 23 12/ Solanum dulcamara L. Ph 1541/ 66 66/ Ruscus hyrcanus Woron. Cry 16/7 Carex brunnea He 10 Equisetum maximum Lam. Ph 58/0 Humulus lupulus L. Cry 5/0 Iris sp. Cry 75/3 83/5 Pteris cretica L. Cry 16/0 Juncus sp. Th 41/0 Oxalis acetosella L. He 04/6 12 29/ Cardamine impatiens L. Cry 41/0 Carex remota L. Cry 08/0 Carex sylvatica Huds. He 25/0 19 95/ Conyza canedensis Cronquist He 45/1 Galium aparine L. Cry 33/1 66/4 Urtica dioica L. He 91/0 08/0 Stelaria media (L.) Vill.

Th 25/1 Poa sp.

Cry 45/1 41/0 Oplismenus undulatifolius / He 41/0 Mentha piperita L. He 16/0 62/3 Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br

/ : Ch : Th : He : Cry Ph

:

93 / 22

6. Ph 08/2 08/0 Mespilus germanica L. Ph 20 83/ 08/0 Acer velutinum Boiss. Ph 08/7 04/2 Ficus carica L. Ph 20 88/ Ulmus carpinifolia Gled. Ph 16 04/ 16/0 Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey . Ph 66/1 79/2 Morus alba Linn. Ph 25 Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertner. Ph 37/9 Diospyrus lotus L. Ph 95/1 Cornus australis C. A. Mey. Ph 04/2 Populus deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall Ph 39 66/ Pterocarya fraxinifolia Lam . Ph 31 25/ Gleditsia caspica Desf.. Ph 66/6 91/0 Crataegus monogyna Jacq . = Ph

( ±) 7. 64/0 ± 07/0 83/3± 30/0 87/0 ± 13/0 66/0 ± 02/0 1133/ ± 49/0 61/1 ± 09/0 71/0± 09/0 16/5± 07/1 08/1± 20/0 76/0± 03/0 66/6± 95/0 40/1± 09/0 /0 596 ns /0 262 ns /0 415 ns /0 036 * /0 001 ** /0 138 ns P ( 05/0 ) ns ( 05/0 ) * ( 01/0 ) **

. 8 ( JI ) 46/0 38/0 6 10 × 9.

/0 339 ns /0 002 ** /0 0043 ** /0 048 * /0 000 ** /0 001 ** /0 002 ** × / ( 0/05 ) ns ( 0/01 ) **

/ 93 23 / ( Alnus subcordata )

( 2000 ) Ferris . (Barbier et al ., . 2008) ( 1997 ) Deal . (Alnus Sp.) .( Powers et al ., 1997 Parrotta, 1995 ) . Munoz- Roberts, 2002 Yirdaw, 2001 ) . (Barbier et al ., 2008) ( Reinoso, 2004 . ( 1386 ) Guariguata et al ., 1995 ) Lugo, Keenan et al ., 1997 Haggar et al ., 1997 ) Ashton et al ., 2001 Parrotta et al ., 1997 1997 .( Semwal et al ., 2003 1383 . ( Carnevale & Montagnini, 2002 ( 2003 ) Piotto Pande ( 2002 ) Senbeta ( 1998 ) . . ) 43 (1379 ( Deal, 1997 ) . Piotto ) .( et al ., 2003 / ( 2002 ) Legare / . 93 / 24

. ( 1372 .) . . 342 . ( 1384 ). P. Populus deltoides Euramericana . . . 85 . . . .. . ( 1386 ). . ( 1386 ) . . 76. 69 41: 30. 21 43: ( 1376 ). ( 1386 ) . 311 . ( 1384 ). .( ) . 183 . ( 1383 ). . 32 771 . ( 1377 ). . . . . 145 33. 25 51: ( 1383 ). ( 1377 ). . . . 255 . ( 1386 ). . . . 129 . Alhamd, L., Arakaki, S. and Hagihara, A. (2004) Decomposition of litter of four . species in a subtropical evergreen broad- Leaved forest, Okinawa Island, Japan. Forest .368 357 17: Ecology and Management, 202: 1-11. ( 1385 ). Ashton, M., Gunatilleke, C., Singhakumara, B.

and Gunatilleke, I. (2001) Restoration . pathways for rain forest in southwest Sri

. Lanka: a review of concepts and models. / Forest Ecology and Management, 525: 1–23. . 235 .

Augusto, L., Ranger, J., Binkley, D. and Rothe, ) ( 1379 ). A. (2002) Impact of several common tree / 401 . .( 93 25 / ( Alnus subcordata )

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Impacts of Alder ( Alnus subcordata ) plantation on nutrient and plant diversity in site of Parrotia-Carpinetum natural forest

Abdollah Rostamabadi 1* , Masoud Tabari 2, Hamid Jalilvand 1, Ali Salehi 3 and Ehsan Sayad 4

1) Department of Forestry, College of Natural Resources, Sari Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources * University, Sari, Iran. Corresponding Author Email Address: [email protected] 2) Department of Forestry, College of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran. 3) Department of Forestry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. 4) Department of Forestry, College of Natural Resources, Guilan University, Soumesara, Iran.

Date of Submission: 2013/10/01 Date of Acceptance: 2014/03/09

Abstract In this study, impacts of Alnus subcordata plantation on nutrient and plant diversity in site of Parrottia Carpinetum natural forest of kolloude region, Amol, Mazandaran were investigated. First, 6 releves 20 m × 20 m were selected in each stand. Nutrition, nutrient return and nutrient retranslocation properties followed by soil properties of each stand were studied. Then, impacts of stand parameters (diameter, height, litter thickness and crown cover percentage) together with soil properties on plant biodiversity were investigated. For purpose, leaf samples of green trees and fallen leaves have been collected inside wooden trap-based sampling to evaluate the nutrition, nutrient return and nutrient retranslocation in each stand. Soil samples were taken from 0-10 cm depth in each releves. So frequencies of herbaceous and woody plant were record. Results of nutrition, nutrient return, nutrient retranslocation and soil properties in the Alnus and natural stands showed that Alnus in consequence of higher N return, lower N retranslocation in fallen leaves of Alnus led to increase the soil N% and decrease the C/N ratio. Findings of impacts of stand parameters and soil properties on plant biodiversity showed in consequence of lower litter thickness, lower crown cover percentage and soil with higher N% and lower C/N ratio in Alnus in comparison with Natural forest led to increase in the richness of herbaceous . By attention to results of this study by Alnus subcordata plantation in degridated plain sites with poor drainage soil, can revive the soil N and Herbaceous richness in same sites.

Keywords: biodiversity, Alnus subcordata , absorption, Nutrient return.

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