WELCOME TO THE AUGUST EDITION OF THE 2019 M&R SEMINAR SERIES BEFORE WE BEGIN

• SAFETY PRECAUTIONS – PLEASE FOLLOW EXIT SIGN IN CASE OF EMERGENCY EVACUATION – AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR (AED) LOCATED OUTSIDE

• PLEASE SILENCE CELL PHONES OR SMART PHONES

• QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSION WILL FOLLOW PRESENTATION

• PLEASE FILL EVALUATION FORM

• SEMINAR SLIDES WILL BE POSTED ON MWRD WEBSITE (https://mwrd.org/seminars)

• STREAM VIDEO WILL BE AVAILABLE ON MWRD WEBSITE (https://mwrd.org/seminars - after authorization for release is arranged) Paul V. Rush, P.E.

• Mr. Rush serves as Deputy Commissioner for the City Department of Environmental Protection’s (DEP) Bureau of Water Supply and is responsible for operating ’s upstate water supply system that delivers more than 1.1 billion gallons of water daily to over eight million residents of New York City and one million more in four upstate counties. His responsibilities include source water protection, infrastructure maintenance and operation north of New York City and ensuring drinking water quality throughout the entire system that includes the 2,000 square mile watershed and the City itself. Mr. Rush was appointed deputy commissioner in 2006 and has worked for DEP since 1992. Prior to his employment with New York City he served on active duty in the Army as an Engineer Officer.

• Mr. Rush holds a Master of Science degree in Civil Engineering from Michigan Technological University and Bachelor of Science degree in Civil Engineering from the United States Military Academy. He is a registered professional engineer in the state of New York. Overview of the New York City Water Supply

Paul V. Rush, P.E. Deputy Commissioner, Bureau of Water Supply

August 23, 2019 Agenda

• DEP Overview

Cross River Spillway • Water Supply System Overview

• Bureau of Water Supply Mission

• Water Supply History

• Filtration Avoidance Determination

• Operations

• Water Quality

• Treatment

• Current Challenges

• Summary/Questions 5 NYC Department of Environmental Protection

Operating Bureaus: • Bureau of Water Supply • Bureau of Water & Sewer Operations • Bureau of Wastewater Treatment

Major Supporting Bureaus: • Bureau of Engineering, Design and Construction • Bureau of Police and Security • Bureau of Environmental Planning and Analysis • Bureau of Customer Service

The Agency has 10 other supporting bureaus/offices

6 System Overview

• Primarily a surface water supply • 19 reservoirs & 3 controlled lakes • System Capacity: 570 billion gallons • Serves 9.4 million people (1/2 of population of New York State) • Delivers approx. 1.1 billion gallons per day • Source of water is a 2,000 square mile watershed in parts of 8 upstate counties

7 Bureau of Water Supply

The mission of the Bureau of Water Supply is to reliably deliver a sufficient quantity of high quality drinking water to protect public health and quality of life of the City of New York.

8 History of NYC’s Water Supply

• Early 1600s: 48-acre pond in lower

• 1677: First public well dug in lower Manhattan

• 1776: First reservoir constructed on East side of Manhattan – groundwater also pumped from wells

• 1799: State legislation confers exclusive authority to the Manhattan Company to convey water to the City of New York

• Early 1800s: Inadequate water supply leads to public health (disease) & safety (fires) problems

• 1832: The Manhattan fire

• 1842: placed in service 9 Freeman Report (1900)

Adirondacks Lake VT George

Upper NY Berkshires Catskills MA Lower Catskills CT

Wallkill/ PA Long Ramapo & Island Moodna

NJ

10 Burr, Herring, Freeman Report (1903)

• General Problem

o Provide greater New York area with an abundant quantity of water with satisfactory quality • Requisite Qualities of Public Water Supply

o Free of organisms o Agreeable appearance o Odorless and tasteless o Not too hard o Not contain substances that are liable to corrode pipes

o Should have cool and equable temperature

11 12 Water Supply Act of 1905

• Board of Water Supply created to develop system • NYC required to allow municipal connections to system in counties with water supply infrastructure • Fishing & boating to be permitted

12 The Delaware System

• City next selected and headwaters for development • 1924-1927 New York and New Jersey attempt to negotiate for Delaware Reservoir development • In 1928 the City moved forward with Delaware Basin development • In 1929 New Jersey goes to Supreme Court to stop NYC development • In 1931 U.S. Supreme Court upheld the right of New York City to develop supply from Delaware River headwaters • 1954 Supreme Court Decree amended allowing Cannonsville development 13 Early Source Water Protection • Source water protection important from the earliest days • NYC built wastewater plants and septic systems in watershed • NYC acquired buffer lands at time of reservoir construction and planted trees around reservoirs to prevent erosion • Regulations promulgated in 1917 The Grand Gorge “sewerage system” - 1929

“It is important that vigilance should be exercised to maintain the quality of all the present supplies by protecting them from pollution and treating them by approved modern methods, and that the structures should be kept constantly in good repair.” - J. Waldo Smith, 1917 14 Surface Water Treatment Rule

• EPA promulgated Surface Water Treatment Rule in 1989 • Requires water systems to filter and disinfect surface water sources • Systems eligible for a filtration waiver if they meet criteria for water quality and watershed protection o Fecal or total coliform o Turbidity o Adequate disinfection o Maintain a program to control “all human activities which may have an adverse impact on the microbiological quality of the source water”

15 Catskill/Delaware Protection Strategy

• Comprehensive source water protection, including o Regulations governing new development o Land acquisition o Wastewater programs including upgrades of existing WWTPs, septic system repairs and construction of new wastewater infrastructure o Stormwater programs o Agricultural program o Stream management program o Kensico and EOH programs • First Filtration Avoidance Determination (FAD) issued by EPA in January 1993 • Watershed MOA signed January 1997 • FAD renewed in 2002, 2007, 2014, and 2017

16 2018 Implementation Status

17 FAD Program Costs

Total Funding Committed Program (1993 - 2019) Catskill/Delaware Croton

City WWTPs $210,000,000 $61,264,000 WWTP Upgrades $247,129,000 $359,932,000 New Wastewater Facilities $254,626,000 $0 Sewer Programs $22,410,000 $0 Septic Programs $107,201,000 $0 Stormwater Programs $76,848,000 $0 Land Acquisition Program $674,165,000 $38,500,000 Watershed Agricultural Program $236,802,000 $17,074,000 Stream Management Program $212,885,000 $0 Kensico Programs $16,241,000 $0 East-of-Hudson Programs $51,630,000 $110,900,000 Catskill Turbidity Program $77,701,000 $0 Catskill Fund for the Future $59,745,000 $0 Other Protection Programs $79,220,000 $18,767,000 TOTAL $2,326,603,000 $606,437,000

18 Water System Operations • Essential Tasks

o Meet the supply needs of New York City

o Meet all reservoir release & diversion requirements . 1954 U.S. Supreme Court Decree . Interstate Agreements . SPDES permits . Consent orders • Objectives

o Divert the best quality water available

o Maintain balanced system o Provide downstream habitat and flood mitigation benefits w/o water supply impact

19 Reservoir Operations Operational decisions are made based on the following: • Water Quality • Weather forecasts • Demand • Maintenance • Modeling • Hydrological conditions

Ashokan

Rondout New Croton

Not all NYC systems water quality is created equal 20 Water Quality and Operational Decisions

Water delivered is selected or mixed based on available quantity and quality

Selective Withdrawal

Selective Diversion

Treatment Operations

Blending Operations Operations Support Tool

• Probabilistic foundation for water supply reliability o More accurate assessment of likely future inflows, release requirements, storage levels–better drought warning triggers • Better defines system capacity to meet water quality & environmental objectives • System implemented in November 2013

22 Water Treatment Operations Facilities

Cat-Del UV Facility Shaft 18

Hillview Reservoir

Croton Filtration Plant Delaware Shaft 18 –

• Intake for Kensico Reservoir for the Catskill and Delaware systems • Chemical treatment provided:

o Chlorination (Cl2 gas): average daily use 9,654 lbs o Fluoridation (Hydrofluosilicic Acid) Catskill-Delaware UV Disinfection Facility

• Treatment capacity of 2,020 MGD • 56 UV reactors • 11,760 lamps in facility

• 1 BG uncovered finished water storage reservoir • Final treatment before distribution to City through Tunnels 1, 2, and 3, can be used for disinfection credits if needed • Chemical treatment provided:

o Chlorination, average daily use: Cl2 gas-3900 lbs and hypochlorite 1130 gallons o Phosphoric acid o Sodium hydroxide • Under consent order to cover by 2047 Croton Filtration Plant • Capacity of 290 MGD • Treatment provided: o Coagulation-flocculation: aluminum sulfate and coagulant polymer o Dissolved air flotation o Filtration: sand and anthracite o UV disinfection o Chemical treatment provided: . Chlorination (hypochlorite): average daily use 2100 gallons at 150 MGD . Sodium hydroxide . Phosphoric acid • Located completely underground from the Mosholu Golf Course Current Challenges

• Maintain FAD long term • Maintain aging infrastructure o o o Dams o Bridges o Wastewater Treatment Plants • Regulatory compliance o Stage II DPB rule o LT2 • Future regulatory compliance o Lead and Copper Rule o Revised DPB Rule o Emerging contaminates • Long term agreement on releases from Delaware Reservoirs

28 Historical Water Demand and Population

• Distribution has declined more than 30% since the early 1990s – despite increasing population • Since 2009, water usage has been below the 1960s drought-of-record • Daily demand peaked in 1979 at over 1.5 billion gallons (per capita of 213 gallons) Average Daily Demand (MGD) 1,600 9.0 2010: 1,039 1979: 1,512 MGD * 2017: 8.6 Million People 2011: 1,021 1,500 8.5 2012: 1,009 2013: 1,006 1,400 8.0 2014: 996 2015: 1,009 1,300 7.5 2016: 1,002 2017: 990 2018: 1,007.5 1,200 7.0

Per Capita Water Demand (MGD) Demand Water 1,100 6.5 in Population Millions Demand (GPD) 2010: 127 2011: 123 1,000 1966: 1,045 MGD 6.0 2018: 1,007.5 MGD 2012: 121 2013: 119 900 5.5 2014: 118 Calendar Year NYC Demand (MGD) New York City Population 2015: 118 800 5.0 2016: 117 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2017: 115 2018: 117 * Official 2017 New York City Department of City Planning Estimate Historical Water Demand and Population

1954 Safe Yield : 1820 MGD

1954 Safe Yield w/o pumping: 1665 MGD

1979-Peak Annual Demand 1618 MGD 2000 Estimated Consumption 1760 MGD

2014 Safe Yield w/ pumping 1310 MGD

2014 Safe Yield w/o pumping 1180 MGD

2018 Demand 1007.5 MGD 1954 Total Consumption Approximately 1140 MGD

30 Summary/Questions

• NYC DEP is the largest combined water and wastewater utility in the country • Complex water supply system built with flexibility to meet future challenges • Many challenges lie ahead that demand the best science and engineering to support decisions For more information…

Visit the DEP website at www.nyc.gov/dep

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