ftorm 10-31T (Sept. 1067) W DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL SURVEY OF HISTORIC SITES AND BUILDINGS

I. STATE 2. THEME(S). IF ARCHEOLOGICAL SITE. WRITE "ARCH" BEFORE THEME NO. XX - Architecture^ XV - The fur Trade 3. NAME(S) OF SIT 4. APPROX. ACREAGE Granary and Factor's i Fort liagually acres 5. EXACT LOCATION (County, totcnaMp, rood*, ttc. If difficult to find, tketch on Supplementary Sheet) Pierce County in Point Defiance Park, entrancesat 4gth and Pearl Sts*, Taewaa*. 6. NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRESENT OWNER (Alto administrator if different from owner) City of 7. IMPORTANCE AND DESCRIPTION (Describe briefly what mnkettite Important andwhat remuha are extant) of Significance

Fort Ifisgually Granary* "built in 18^3, is the onl original example in the United Stater, of the Unison f e Bay Company's "posts* ln«tlie*silln or Canadian method of log sonstruetion, a,t^rpe of log con­ struction that tfms id4ely used "by tlie fur truta*^ missionaries^ and settlers ofA&fiji Idabo# Oregon, aad WesMagton prior to 1846, ^he «^aisary 10"" ai*»o" the/ on the pOBts-ia*th@«»sill of log eottstrttetioii include the following 1. Fort Astoria (later Fort George) (1811-185G). (Contxnuaa) 2* House, Wa0tiingtoa (l8ll-iS26}» 3. Port O&anogaa, WasMsgtoa {1811-1360). k. Olct Fort Malla (Uez Peree), Washington (1818-1855)* 5. ? Washington (l82%*l860)« 6. Ola Port ColvUe, Washingfcon (l8^«lB7l}» T. Old Fort I&^pqwa, Oregon (1832-1851). 8. Fort Biftquolly, ivashingtoa {1833*1869). 9. Old Boisa, (1834-1856}. 10. Port Ball, Idaho (183^-1856)* 11* Fort Sti&taft, (l84o-lB6T)* 12» Fort Yukon, llaslca (lB%T*»l869), onl^- two surviving structures of all time former Hudson's Bey pouts are the Granary and factor's Bouss of Fort Nisqualljr. la 1839*42, as veil es logs, was also in rebuilding OM fort Walla Valla, fort Fort Hall* and Old Fort Bois®. 8. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES (Give best sources; give location of manuscripts and rare workt) Alfl J*oj»fc (Booklet vritte» by Bella GouXd for the fort , a«d»)j j^j||g^ Lya0hi^ton (American Series) tluct outfit 27o # 10-13 )* Alfred L. Gdhri; "Port In the Beft3g@r outfit ^S>-.Io. g> (Septgribar* 193^) » 9. REPORTS AND STUDIESDIES (MentioiTSeWrWrWand(Mention'WfWfftftf'and studies, as, NFS study, IlABS, etc.)

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10. PHOTOGRAPHS s&ja^S l^^l j II. CONDITION 12. PRESENT USE(A/Mieam,/ar«i,«te.) 13. DATE OF VISIT jgestor^d & Reconstruc bed Park and Museias Aug, 3IA 1959 14. NA^i, Q^ RECORDER (Signat$t) 15. TITLE 16. DATE j£f tf. Historian Feb. 16, 1967 *DRY MOUNT ON AN 8 X 10>/4 SHEET OF FAIRLY HEAVY PAPER. IDENTIFY BY VIEW AND NAME OF THE SITE. DATE OF PHOTOGRAPH. AND NAME OF PHOTOGRAPHER. GIVE LOCATION OF NEGATIVE. IF ATTACHED. ENCLOSE IN PROPER NEGATIVE ENVELOPES. (IF ADDITIONAL SPACE SS NEEDED USE SUPPLEMENTARY SHEET, 10-317a, AND REFER TO STEM NUMBER)

7^ .' 6 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL SURVEY OF HISTORIC SITES AND BUILDINGS SUPPLEMENTARY SHEET This sheet is to be used for giving additional information or comments, for more space for any item on the regular form, and for recording pertinent data from future studies, visitations, etc. Be brief, but use as many Supplement Sheets as necessary. When items are continued they should be listed, if possible, in numerical order of the items. All information given should be headed by the item number, its name, and the word (cont'd), as, 6. Description and Importance (cont'd) . . .

STATE NAME(S) OF SITE Vfeshington Granary and Factor's House; Fort 7* Continued.

important establishment In the Pacific Northwest prior to me tfee post.^ fortified posts or "forta" all built on a similar hasie plan, A tall stockade eoBprissea, of upright logs enclosed a or rectangular area* At the diagonally ojrposite censers of the wall usually sitwata^ two tiro-story log "blockbouaes, i^toieh provided a flanking fire tbe in of attack. Within the palisade were situated the officer's house^ "terraclcs and dwellings for the trappers and their faadlieSj wrkehopSj trading houses, and var*house&*"»all constructed of logs* Port tflaigualJy vas "built oft this typical plan "toy AreM'feald tor tha Hudsoa ^r CoBrpgti^r in 1833, Located at Btipontj 15 miles south of the future site of facoaa^ Forfc &t&qttaI2y ^«B the first pea^snent vhite settle- on Poget »aa it %ma a eoiammicatioa »ad suKply oanter for the Hudson's Company's aoHherii posts o» th® coast of the ^itieh taipany, In addition^ in l8%0, Forb lisgtmlly the headguartars of the Puget'e Agrlewltoral Cofipany^ a sulbsidieir cearporatioa of the Hadcon*s Bay CQB®a«$-* As a result of increasing f unctions, fort Hisqually vae rahtiilt and bettraeit 1843 and l8%« Fort Wisqoall^ end its faatas occupied by th« Hudson's Bay Company until 1869^ when the final terms of the settlement the for giving tip its possessory in the fomer Oregoa Countxy vas hy the Aaericaa «nct

%tie first fur txmdiins post in the Bacific Hortliwest established at JVsrt A^toria, Oregon, in l3ll~12» Built "by Americans^ thin eocgjany was "by var condition to seH Fort Astoria and its other posti to a rival British fur flam i» 1013* In 1821 rival British fur eofipaMes merged "with the Hudson1 © Ccsapawy-j and from iSgl to 1&k6f -with a oo«pl«rfce jaonopoly of the for trade^ the Hudson's My was the dominant force in the Pacific northwest. ohPt.iM) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL SURVEY OF HISTORIC SITES AND BUILDINGS SUPPLEMENTARY SHEET This sheet is to be used for giving additional information or comments, for more space for any item on the regular form, and for recording pertinent data from future studies, visitations, etc. Be brief, but use as many Supplement Sheets as necessary. When items are continued they should be listed, if possible, in numerical order of the items. All information given should be headed by the item number, its name, and the word (cont'd), as, 6. Description and Importance (cont'd) ... ^ 0

STATE HAME(S) OF SITE Washington and Factor's House, Fort HlsquaUy 7. Only two original butiaiags of the fort, the aranary and Factor's ware standing in 193^-, structures removed from the original site ®na r$-er«cted an«t is Baint Defiance Park at TacGaa« yect of the fort, Including the 0t K&ade, two bloekliouses^ and 8 other buildings, ware reconstructed around the two original structures at the site* Condition A. granary, 20 by 3X feet, is a one-story building btdlt in post-in-the-eill fflaaner. In this method of construction a sill of heavy timbers ws laid for the of the proposed log structure, fhe ends" of tlmlter* uswal^r at the corners hy interloping Jointg, THe sill directly on the gtouod htit wore often, and. as was the ease -with the present granary, TOMS elevated hy wooden Blocks or piles, At th« corners m& at conreaient intervals the sill, usually at every 6 to 10 feet, heavy upright posts planted "by of mortisea* ^rights grooved, aad ioto their grooves were slid the tenoned of h0ris0Rtally*4yiBg logs or timbers the ea^ty spaces "between the upright© and formed the vail, In the -graaary the fir to timbers 10 toy 14 with tenons oa the ends* fh© tiiaoas -were mortised iato the tn the heavy fright corner posts anfl ginned with o^: do«^ls» Oalt feet lottg ^w®re also driven down through holes "bored ia the hori» tlmhers, thus a wry atro«« ccfrustructiom, fhe huildlng's roof is covered ty hand*split shakes, Mtten "boarfis cc^ri»e the the at the and the six vlndovs solid hstten board shutters, fh© round arch has eolid douole "battea doore. Inside the etructtare are five bise ¥hieh are aroimd the slfles of the building* UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL SURVEY OF HISTORIC SITES AND BUILDINGS SUPPLEMENTARY SHEET This sheet is to be used for giving additional information or comments, for more spa/56 for any item on the regular form, and for recording pertinent data from future studies, visitations, etc. Be brief, but use as many Supplement Sheets as necessary. When items are continued they should be listed, if possible, in numerical order of the items. All information given should be headed by the item number, its name, and the word (cont'd), as, 6. Description and Importance (cont'd) . . . fage '4,

STATE NAME(S) OF SITE 0raaa3?y and Factor'B House, Fort Uisqu&lly

B. factor* s [HQus@li . Erected la 18^5 this frame, clapboard sided structure %ritfa attic, 66 % 3$ feet. 5~room house is aivi&ea, % a central hall with a stairway to the attic* !Ehe two to the left of the hall each have an individual flrajjlse© Trfeieh aa^e set fcacki-tcHfcack in the center* fa the tliree roa^ and two of tl^se "back^to*l?eck fir^j3aees« A "broad veranda around tlie ffroaxt and botb of tbe house. ^ie loag reetaisgular i/indcnrSj lAiiel! are in pairs, ar© single hung and $aofe window contains 8 of glass, fh@ yoof is cc^risea of e^^r shakes* fhi© is the oldest extant Iwue© in Washington. Both the Factor *s he^re been reatoar«d. la conaition, they opea to Heportfi and Studies i 8* "Historic &nnrey Beport: Fort a" (H.P.S. ^rpescript^ Aug. 1935) 6 ppi Elstorlc Jta&rienn Survey: Bo0toa (l & 1 photo, 1936-3T)l Factor's {? and 3 photoe, 2^36-37; Fmetca^s (? aiid 3 photos^* 193&-3?) tonffiry {2 and £ photos,* 193^}.