S I T L E R & S O U T H E R L A N D

For the Oregon and Washington Area We, Caitlynn Southerland and Emily Health professionals can facilitate this Sitler, researched occupational reintegration, thus providing therapy's role in adaptive sports while opportunities to increase health, completing our doctoral capstone wellbeing, and quality of life for those project through Pacific University, in who participate. What you will quickly partnership with Adaptive Sports NW discover while using this resource is and the Portland Veterans Affairs that adaptive sports are not one size Healthcare System. Our research fits all. Each sport can be adapted in provided us with an understanding a variety of ways to meet an that inaccurate perceptions and individual’s physical, neurological, insufficient knowledge of adaptive cognitive, and environmental needs. sports in the healthcare setting Therefore, this resource does not negatively impact an individual’s provide information about a potential involvement in adaptive participant’s necessary functional sports. In an effort to reduce these level because adaptive sports, as inaccurate perceptions, we have stated in the name, are adaptable created this resource for health and inclusive. We acknowledge that professionals to educate themselves physical and financial barriers to about adaptive sports and utilize this engagement in adaptive sports can with clients therapeutically to limit participation significantly, but connect them with the proper community adaptive sports resources. We believe participating in organizations work hard to limit these adaptive sports is one avenue to barriers through grant and positive community integration for scholarship funding. individuals with a disability. Most of the adaptive sports and In an effort to provide accurate recreational activities listed in this information, we consulted with experts resource can be engaged in on a in the community and explored existing recreational and competitive level, electronic information when creating this depending on the participant’s interest. resource. This resource book also highlights adaptive sports programs that are Finally, we want all healthcare exclusively for veterans, so healthcare professionals utilizing this resource to providers working in a VA system, as know that we are not expecting you to well as wounded service members, can be the experts in adaptive sports. We educate themselves on what resources know that extra time is at a premium are available. working in healthcare, so we hope this resource provides you with easily This resource can be utilized to accessible entry-level knowledge to collaboratively introduce individuals better serve and educate your patients with life-altering disabilities to the about adaptive sports. variety of adaptive sports in which they can engage. This is not an exhaustive Sincerely, list of resources, as programs and information can change often, but this provides a starting point for your research. These resources are primarily & focused on organizations located in the Oregon / Washington area, however, this resource book can be modified to appropriately match any local areas. Educational Flyers "Things you Should Know about Adaptive Sports"...... 1 "The Power of Adaptive Sports" ...... 2

Sports Air Pistol/Rifle...... 3 Archery ...... 4 Boccia...... 5 Bowling...... 6 Curling...... 7 Cycling...... 8 Disc Golf...... 9 E-sports Adaptive ...... 10 Equestrian ...... 11 Fencing ...... 12 Fishing...... 13 Goalball ...... 14 Golf ...... 15 Hiking ...... 16 Hunting ...... 17 Paddling ...... 18 Powerlifting ...... 19 Power Soccer...... 20 Rock Climbing ...... 21 Rowing ...... 22 Sitting Volleyball ...... 23 Skiing/snowboarding Alpine ...... 24 Sledge/Para Ice Hockey ...... 25 Table Tennis ...... 26 Wheelchair Basketball ...... 27 Wheelchair Racing ...... 28 Wheelchair Rugby ...... 29 Wheelchair Tennis ...... 30

National Resources list ...... 31-35 Learning Materials ...... 36 Photo Citations ...... 36-37 Anyone can engage in sports. Adaptive sports provides individuals with physical disabilities individualized adaptations to meet their unique 1 needs. Adaptive sports engagement can provide increased independence, positive peer support, and opportunities to improve physical health for a participant. 2

An individual does not need to have prior sports experience, identify as athletic, or already be physically active in order to participate in 3 adaptive sports.

Healthcare providers should link individuals to local resources, including adaptive sports organizations and experts in the community. 4 Adaptive sports are a resource that provides continued care for individuals with disabilities in the community to promote their overall 5 health, wellness, and quality of life. The Power of Adaptive Sports

Quality of life and Well-being

Happiness

Personal Growth

Mental and Emotional Health

Community Support

Physical Health

Endless Possibilities 3 Air Pistol/Rifle Competition

Local, regional, national, international, and veteran only competitions. Classifications: https://www.paralympic.org/es/shooting/classification Rules: varies depending on the competition ​ https://www.issf-sports.org/theissf/rules_and_regula tions/general_regulations.ashx

1 Description Videos Indoor air gun shooting is an individual sport. Description: https://youtu.be/emMAXYt_Zyc ​ ​ The goal of competitive indoor air gun shooting Paralympic athletes:https://youtu.be/9DR-LIs1s6s ​ is using technique, skill, and concentration to Para shooting sport: https://youtu.be/PzopftqZ3kA ​ ​ place a series of shots into the center of a Visually impaired: https://youtu.be/n4YvmeRJOJU ​ ​ target. Local Resources Safety Accessible Shooting Range finder: One must be able to follow/practice safety https://adaptiveshooting.nra.org/ precautions. Consider one’s emotional/mental ● Camas WA: ​ status of individuals before choosing this sport. https://www.shootatsafefire.com/ ● Kenmore, WA: https://www.wcwi.org/ ​ ​ Adaptations ○ Started by WWII veterans This sport accommodates physical, ● Salem OR: neurological, and visual impairments. https://tritacshooting.com/?v=7516fd43adaa ● Sip and puff trigger system ○ Veteran owned ● Shooting stand if they can’t support There are a variety of shooting ranges around weight of gun the PNW that are also ADA accessible. ● Both standing and seated positions ● Aiming device for visually impaired: Veteran Programs: https://www.ecoaims.com/product/80/e0073 ● National Veterans Outreach Series: 9a-e-bss2006-biathlon-shooting-system-for- ○ Tacoma WA: visually-impaired-athletes https://www.metroparkstacoma.org/a ● Assistance with set up and loading ctivities-and-sports/category/adult-sp orts/adaptive-sports/other-adaptive-s Equipment ports/ ● Air Rifle and/or Pistol ● National Veterans Wheelchair Games ● Pellets ● National Veterans Golden Age Games ● Eye protection ● Valor Games ● Accessories to improve performance: ● Invictus Games

https://www.adaptivesportsusa.org/sports/sh ooting/#1491943505376-3025edd5-cb0e 4 Archery Caliper release aids Positioning aids Equipment Supplier link: ​ https://www.disabledsportsusa.org/sports/adaptive- equipment/hunting-equipment/

Competitions Local, regional, national, international, and veteran only competitions. Classification: https://www.usarchery.org/participate/adaptive-arch ery/para-archery-classification Videos 2 Adaptive archery options: Description https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLK7QwuzL Using a bow to shoot arrows at a target at 25xm8yOglKjbFIc2Rt0whPpSw various distances. Athletes: https://youtu.be/t0A2ue9uDww Adaptations Local Resources Adaptations can be made for a variety of There are a wide range of archery shops and physical, neurological, and visual impairments. ranges available around the PNW ● This sport can be performed standing or No cost outdoor ranges in a wheelchair. ● Beaverton OR: ○ Positioning aids for seating and http://www.thprd.org/connect/news/thprd-tak standing es-aim-at-archery-with-new-range-at-pcc ● Use their strong side, prosthetic limb, ● Portland OR: foot, and/or mouth to draw the bow http://explorewashingtonpark.org/archery-ra nge-0 back. Indoor cost ranges ● Refer to Manual for specifics regarding ● Tigard OR: adaptations: http://www.archersafield.com/index.html https://www.usarchery.org/resources/adapti ● Milwaukie OR: ve-archery-manual-220319172814.pdf http://brokenarrowarchery.com/archery-range ● Adaptive Whistle commands (visual ● Vancouver WA/Troutdale OR: 10% ​ impairment) Military discount ● Releases: finger, hand, mouth, and https://www.archeryworld.net/indoor-range shoulder Veteran Programs: Equipment ● National Veterans Wheelchair Games Bows: ● Invictus Games ● Compound bow: larger, more Safety expensive, more adaptations available One must be able to follow/practice safety ● Recurve bow: minimal, cheap, light precautions. weight, less adaptations available Straps for safety 5 Boccia Competitions Local, regional, national, international, and veteran only competitions. International boccia rules and classification system: https://secureservercdn.net/50.62.194.30/cb9.1c7. myftpupload.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Bisf

3 ed-Rules-2018-V.3_with_markup.pdf

Description Videos Wheelchair athlete version of bocce ball. It is a Boccia at Paralympics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f5CmEab8tqU& precision game played on a hard surface. The feature=emb_logo purpose is to propel your balls closest to the Ramp use: target ball. https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=8& v=C8GFqJcIP_8&feature=emb_logo Adaptations Boccia description: This sport accommodates physical, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rlknpE3AkOM&f neurological, and visual impairments eature=emb_logo ● Ramp to propel ball: https://www.gravityboccia.com/product/boss Local Resources -boccia-ramp/?v=32aec8db952d ● Portland and Salem Bocce League: ● Pointers: using mouth or head http://www.portlandbocce.com/ ○ https://www.gravityboccia.com/produ http://www.salembocceleague.com/ ct/boccia-mouth-pointer/?v=32aec8d ○ Not boccia, but able-bodied clubs b952d that can make adaptations ● Tactile boccia grid for visually impaired: ● Portland parks with outside courts: https://hmi-basen.dk/blobs/produktblade/54 https://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/finder 789.pdf /index.cfm?&showresults=yes&amenitytypei ● Boccia ball pick up tube: d=6 https://handilifesport.com/en/product/boccia- ● Positive psychological effects of boccia ball-pick-up/?v=7516fd43adaa article: https://www.rehab.research.va.gov/jour/201 Equipment 6/536/jrrd-2015-08-0156.html ● Soft-hard boccia balls Veteran Program: ● Jack/ target ball (small and white) ● National Veterans Golden Age Games ● Boccia ball case https://handilifesport.com/en/product/boccia- superior-classic-in-blue-boccia-shoulder-ba g/?v=7516fd43adaa ● Court: Players box and common area where balls are thrown 4

6 Bowling guides-and-tips/a-guide-to-bowling-in-a-whe elchair

● Visual impairment adaptations: https://visionaware.org/everyday-living/recre ation-and-leisure/sports-and-exercise/bowlin g-5862/1235/ Equipment ● Bowling ball ● Bowling shoes (if standing) ● Pins (if playing at home) 5

Description Competitions Propelling the bowling ball to hit as many pins Primarily recreational but leagues and as possible. Can be played at a bowling alley tournaments do exist with adaptations or set up at home. Calendar of national tournaments:

https://awba.org/tournaments-events/ Adaptations National tournament rules: This sport accommodates physical, https://awba.org/about-awba/national-tournament-r neurological, and visual impairments ules/ ● Ball ramp: Videos https://www.discountramps.com/bowling-ra Various ability levels using ramp: mp/p/BWL-RAMP/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GPIWXDMuKr0 ○ Switch activated: Poss-I-Bowl ​ A man who is quadrepelgic using IKAN ramp: ○ Attachment to power chair: IKAN ​ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHyAezq2cQM bowler &feature=emb_logo ● Special bowling balls Bowling ball with retractable handle: ○ Retractable handles: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGiWg2toWU8 https://www.bowlingindex.com/store/ merchant.mvc?Screen=PROD&Stor Local Resources e_Code=BI&Category_Code=BB&Pr King Pins https://mykingpins.com/leagues/ oduct_Code=BL-Handle ​ ​ ○ Inflatable / rubber: ● Leagues and adaptive equipment https://www.flaghouse.com/Sports/B available owling/Balls/Inflatable-Bowling-Ball.a ● Portland Parks and Rec drop in nights xd Blind Bowling Association (2 OR teams): ● Bowling ball pusher https://www.abba1951.com/locations ○ homemade or manufactured There are many bowling alleys around the versions PNW that are also ADA accessible. ● Bumpers ● Backstop if playing at home: Veteran Programs: https://www.flaghouse.com/Sports/Bowling/ ● National Veteran Wheelchair Games Accessories/Bowling-Backstop.axd ● National Veterans Golden Age Games ● Guide to bowling in a wheelchair: https://www.thebowlinguniverse.com/blogs/ 7 Curling Competitions Local, regional, national, and international. Primary difference from standing curling: ● No sweeping (using the broom to change direction and speech of the stone) ● Co-ed teams 6 Classification: Description https://www.paralympic.org/video/wheelchair-curlin Sliding polished stones across a sheet of ice g-classification#:~:text=MEET%20THE%20BLOGG towards a target. Each team tries to get more ERS-,Wheelchair%20Curling%20Classification,an of its stones closer to the center of the target %20impairment%20affecting%20their%20legs.&tex t=All%20athletes%20must%20use%20a,a%20whe than the other team. elchair%20in%20daily%20life.

Adaptations Open to athletes with physical impairments. Videos ● Beginner’s guide: Classification system: https://www.curling.ca/wp-content/uploads/2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RRKCOkBYXuk 010/03/Instruction-Manual.pdf Paralympic curling: ● Power and manual personal https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MgcY0Ss35UE wheelchairs with brakes are permissible https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HikcFBJqWek Discover curling: ○ Teammate anchors wheelchair https://www.curling.ca/about-curling/getting-started- from behind for extra support in-curling/how-to-get-started-wheelchair-curling/ ● Extender delivery stick:

https://www.stevescurling.com/category-s/1 Local Resources 27.htm https://www.asham.com/category/delivery-d Evergreen Curling Club: Portland OR https://evergreencurling.org/ evices Bend Curling Club: OR ● Portable ramp if ice rink is not ​ ​ https://www.facebook.com/BendIceCurling/ accessible Veteran Program available: ● Mat/ carpet for extra anchoring of Granite Curling Club (Seattle, WA) wheelchair https://curlingseattle.org/group-events ○ for recreational play, not competitions

Equipment ● Telescopic delivery stick ● Curling stone ● Ice surface: frozen pebbles on surface with distinct lines 7 ● Warm clothing ● Wheelchair 8 Cycling Competitions Local, regional, national, international, and veteran only competitions. Races can take place on the road and on a track. Classification/eligibility link: https://www.paralympic.org/cycling/classification ● In most competitions, athletes are 8 responsible for bringing their own Description equipment Racing an adaptive cycle at various distances. Videos Adaptations Technique for Handcycling: This sport accommodates physical, https://youtu.be/gM_WSm1qIpM neurological, and visual impairments. ​Types of Paralympic cycling: ​ bikes will vary depending on client factors (i.e. https://youtu.be/Cq77HaIsdsc muscle power in upper and lower extremities). Hand cycling: ● Handcycles: the bike is propelled using https://youtu.be/wqqWufYeHKo the arms rather than the legs. https://youtu.be/Z4yG2GGkvQ4 Appropriate option for individuals with lower extremity impairments Local Resources https://www.passionatepeople.invacare.eu.com/han Portland Adaptive Bike shop: dcycling-basics-handcycling-right/ https://www.different-spokes.com/ https://www.spinlife.com/critpath/match.cfm?catego Adaptive biketown in Portland: http://adaptivebiketown.com/ ryID=10 Adaptive Sports Northwest: https://bike-on.com/handcycles/racing-handcycles https://www.adaptivesportsnw.org/sports/cycling/ ● Tricycles: for individuals with ● Adaptive bike clinic coordination/balance impairments ● PDX Handcycle series ● Prosthetics (arm and leg) for cycling ● Can rent handcycles ● Tandem bikes: two seater bikes that are Oregon Adaptive Sports: used for individuals with visual https://oregonadaptivesports.org/sport/cycling/ impairments. ● Recumbent bike: for recreational Veteran Programs: purposes. Appropriate for someone with ● PVA Local Chapters: Portland OR and lower extremity function but limited trunk Seattle WA and upper extremity stability and https://www.pva.org/find-support/national-se strength. rvice-office/ ● National Veterans Wheelchair Games Equipment ● National Veterans Golden Age Games ● Cycle (adaptive bike, tricycle, hand ● The Warrior Games cycle, tandem) ● Valor Games ● Helmet ● Invictus Games

9 Disc Golf ○ Pre established courses will have 9-18 holes (tee off areas, holes, and course maps with distances per hole) ● Discs: putter, mid-range, driver https://infinitediscs.com/ ● Disc bag ● Target (on a traditional disc golf course it will be an elevated metal basket)

9 Competitions Description Officials rules and regulations (not specific to Propelling/ throwing a disc from a tee area to a adaptive disc golf): https://www.pdga.com/rules ​ target. The traditional target or “hole” is an ● Veterans for VA sanctioned events: elevated metal basket, which is shown above. https://www.discgolfscene.com/series/3608 Like golf, the goal is to complete each hole in 0/veterans-for-vets-by-dynamic-discs the fewest strokes (or throws) as possible. Athletes follow their disc down the fairway and Videos make consecutive throws from the spot their Disc Launcher: disc previously landed. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pDc7ZFIO9Qg& feature=emb_logo Adaptations Visual Impairment adaptations: ● Disc launcher: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vRFVAx33xgA https://www.productfunder.com/projects/folf- club-the-ultimate-disc-golf-launcher/details Local Resources ● Visual impairments: Course Search: ○ Partner for verbal and tactile cues https://www.pdga.com/course-directory/advanced ○ Beeper on disc OR courses (accessibility unclear): ● Accessible disc golf course http://oregondiscgolf.com/ ○ Courses are usually free and WA courses (accessibility unclear): ​ ​ ​ tend to be in parks with grass/ dirt https://www.discgolfscene.com/courses/Washingto and some hills n/top-rated ○ ADA compliant courses will have Oregon clubs: paved paths throughout (this is https://www.discgolfscene.com/clubs/Oregon not common unfortunately) Informal forum on wheelchair disc golf: ○ Choose preferred mobility device https://www.dgcoursereview.com/forums/showthrea (off road wheelchair or walker d.php?t=39786

might be necessary) Veteran Program:

● National Veterans Golden Age Games Equipment ● Open Space

10 E-Sports Adaptive ● Switches ● Buttons

● Mounts ● Joysticks Cross-platform software: Games that can be played on multiple platforms such as, windows 10 computer, xbox, playstation, PC, switch etc.

10 Equipment Description Individuals preferred controller Single or Multiplayer video games played Games competitively for spectators, typically by Computer or game console professional gamers. Competitions With the use of Wifi and live individuals can Adaptations compete against others recreationally from Adaptive E-sport gaming accounts for each their homes. Adaptive E-Sports is starting to individual's strengths, weaknesses, abilities, make its way into organized competitions. and disabilities. It is highly adaptable with the Additionally, adaptive E-sports athletes can use of assistive technology. compete in able bodied competitions if they Adaptive Controllers: have the gaming skills. ● Microsoft adaptive controller: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/p/xbox-ad Videos aptive-controller/8nsdbhz1n3d8?activetab= Intro to adaptive controller: pivot%3aoverviewtab https://youtu.be/9fcK19CAjWM ○ Fully customizable controller How to use Switches with controller: ○ All buttons are programmable https://youtu.be/HaF1_0ebCHw ○ Co-pilot mode allows two people Special Effect Channel: to use https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0B9mlVoZtsF ○ Can be used with any windows V4RPOGDYQXw 10 computer ● Hundreds of videos for how to use ● Camera Mouse: Quad Stick: https://youtu.be/06Y4dSgUnH4 http://www.cameramouse.org/ ​ ​ Quad stick gamer: https://youtu.be/qU5zZ1ix3do ○ Using your eyes as the mouse ​ ● Quad Stick: https://www.quadstick.com/ ​ ​ ○ Sip and puff device Local Resources ● Voice activation software: Microsoft Adaptive Controller available at 24 https://www.voiceattack.com/ VA facilities around the nation ● Ordinary tech modified to meet an ● Vancouver, WA VA individuals functional needs ● Seattle, WA VA ○ Mouse Veteran Programs: ○ Keyboard ● National Veterans Wheelchair Games ○ Gaming controllers ● VA contact person: External devices: Can be connected to [email protected] adaptive controller 11 Equestrian cases programs will have all necessary equipment to engage. Here is a list of equipment suppliers provided by Move United: https://www.moveunitedsport.org/sports/adaptive-e quipment/equestrian-equipment/

Competitions In Para-Equestrian, there are three major 11 disciplines: Para-Dressage, Para-Driving, and Description Para-Reining. However only Para-Dressage is Equestrian as a sport can take many different competed in at the paralympics and World forms. Currently Para-Dressage is the only Equestrian Games. paralympic equestrian option. Recreationally, Classification resource: individuals with disabilities can engage in https://www.teamusa.org/US-Paralympics/Spor equestrian activities such as equine-assisted ts/Equestrian/Classification therapy, hippotherapy, and therapeutic riding as a form of adaptive horseback riding. Videos

About: https://youtu.be/SThnr45apB0 ​ ​ Adaptations Para-Dressage: https://youtu.be/Lp5-W3IM5bc ​ ​ Organizations that provide therapeutic riding Veteran: https://youtu.be/xi80w74a6LU ​ will likely have a variety of adaptive equipment to meet individuals unique needs. Some Local Resources adaptations include: There are numerous organizations in Oregon ● Saddles with high backs for added and Washington. support. Beaverton OR: Forward Stride ● Specialized saddle padding to reduce https://forwardstride.org/ the risk for pressure sores. Independence OR: ● Ramps for individuals using a https://horsesadaptiveriding.org/ wheelchair. Bend OR: Healing Reins ● Breakaway stirrups to avoid an https://www.healingreins.org/ individual being dragged if they fall. ● Veteran program ● The way in which an individual rides on Turner OR: Horses of Hope a horse can also be adapted for physical https://horsesofhopeoregon.org/ limitations. Battle Ground WA: Healing Steps ● Horses who are used for equine therapy https://www.healingstepstherapy.org/ go through extensive training to ensure they can meet individuals needs. Veteran Programs: Washington: https://heartbeatforwarriors.org/ ​ ​ http://nwnhcfamilyfund.org/warrior-family-retreat/ Equipment All programs: The equipment needed to engage in the sport https://www.pathintl.org/resources-education/path-i varies depending on the type of horseback ntl-equine-services-for-heroes

riding someone wishes to engage in. In most 12 Fencing Competitions Local, regional, national, and international. Classification: https://www.paralympic.org/wheelchair-fencing/clas sification Rules: https://wheelchairfencing.iwasf.com/about/rules-an d-documents/

Videos Fencing description: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wGETrQ9ZU5M 12 &feature=emb_logo Paralympic fencing: Description https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3kGCAfulcI&fe The aim in a fencing competition is to hit the ature=emb_logo opponent with your weapon in designated Adaptive fencing at expo: target areas on the body. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5mrDI7TVCqY

Adaptations Local Resources Open to athletes with a physical impairment in PDX Fencing (Beaverton, OR): https://pdxfencing.com/about-pdx-fencing/ the core and lower extremities, or with visual Northwest Fencing Center (Beaverton, OR): impairment. https://nwfencing.org/ ● Fixing devices: anchors wheelchair to Oregon Fencing Alliance (Portland, OR): floor https://www.oregonfencing.org/contact https://www.absolutefencinggear.com/shopp ing/shop.php/cPath/110

Equipment https://www.teamusa.org/US-Paralympics/Sport-De velopment/Coaches-Corner/Sport-Directory/Wheelc hair-Fencing ● Protective mask ● Gloves ● Jacket ● Three types of weapons: epee, foil,

sabre 13 ○ Shield for chair and legs depending on weapon category ● Electronic scoring system connected to jackets (for competitions)

13 Fishing ● Seat/ waders for bank fishing ● Fishing rod, reel, and tackle ● Assistant to tie knots Competitions Primarily recreational, but tournaments do exist ● America Bass Tour: https://pva.org/adaptive-sports/bass-tour-get -hooked/ 14 Description ● WA fishing contest calendar: https://wdfw.wa.gov/fishing/contests/calendar Recreational activity that can also be Videos competitive with a variety of fishing techniques One-hand fishing using a chest harness: depending on the type of fish. https://rexfly.com/adaptive-one-arm-fishing

Quad Fishing device/home adaptation videos: Adaptations https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzusUvo3cBg Adaptations can be made for a variety of https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JNRRSMd7nZg physical, cognitive, neurological, and visual impairments. Local Resources ● Electronic fishing reel for automatic reel Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife and retrieval of fish Accessibility page: https://wdfw.wa.gov/accessibility ​ ● Sip and puff fishing reel Oregon disabled anglers access map: ● Arm braces, body braces, rod holders https://myodfw.com/articles/disabled-angler-access for increased control -map ● Fishing tackle aids (i.e. magnetic tip Veteran Programs: ● Soul River Inc: https://www.soulriverinc.org/ threaders and special bobbers for ​ ● Take a Soldier Fishing: visually impaired) https://www.takeasoldierfishing.org/ ● Accessible boat (ie pontoon) or lift into ● Project Healing Waters Fly Fishing: boat https://projecthealingwaters.org/programs/lo ● Land fishing via a pier to accommodate cations/northwest/#1463589419896-6c4003 safety for maneuvering a wheelchair (8 d1-d85de6c0-577282ba-05ff feet wide) ● Adaptive Excursions: Companies selling adaptive equipment: https://www.adaptiveexcursions.com/thetour https://www.fishingabilities.info/ ● Oregon Paralyzed Veterans of America: https://accesstr.com/equip-for-outdoor-activities/fish Deep Sea Fishing ing/ https://oregonpva.org/programs/sports/ Adaptive fishing equipment article: ● The Fallen Outdoors Washington: https://www.tetrahook.com/disabled-fishing-equipm https://thefallenoutdoors.com/washington/ ent/#2_Electric_Fishing_Reels ● Veteran Outdoors: http://veteran-outdoors.com/ ● Free combination license: Equipment https://myodfw.com/articles/hunters-and-an ● Life jacket glers-disabilities ● Fishing license per state guidelines ● Boat (accessible if needed) 14 Goalball Competitions For individuals to compete at a highly competitive level they must be legally blind. The ability to throw the ball at high speeds and accuracy will increase their ability to compete competitively. There are local, regional, national, and international competitions.

15 Classification: Description https://www.paralympic.org/goalball/classificati Team sport for individuals with visual on impairments. There are 3 players on each team and the objective of the game is to throw Videos a ball past the opponents and into their net to About Paralympic Goalball: score points. Players stretch and dive with their https://youtu.be/0bZ51jzmbAQ body to defend their goal. Each player must Athletes perspective: wear eye shields to even the playing field. https://youtu.be/du5doesduIw Goalball explained: Adaptations https://youtu.be/1Gr7f-sYseA Although the sport is for individuals who are Ability360 Goalball invitation: legally blind, anyone who wishes to participate https://youtu.be/tsgbfCqDkfs can do so equally because all athletes wear eye shields to block any vision that someone Local Resources might have. Oregon and Washington Associations: Physical impairment: ● NW Association for Blind Athletes: ● Recreationally, individuals can use any https://nwaba.org/blog/goalball-history-rules mobility device to participate in the -and-court/ sport. Contact a local organization for ● ASNW: Rose City Thorns Team specifics. https://www.adaptivesportsnw.org/sports/go alball/ ● Washington State School of the Blind Equipment https://www.wssb.wa.gov/event/goalball-tou Opaque eye shades: rnament/ ● Blackout Ski goggles ● Contact person for questions and ● Eye patches programs. Jen Armbruster: Protection pads: knee, hip and elbow [email protected] or 503-725-2927 ​ Goalball: ● 2.8 pound hollow ball with bells inside Goals Equipment link: https://goalfixsports.com/ ​

15 Golf ● Tees ● Golf glove ● Prefered mobility device Competition Classification/Rules: https://www.usga.org/content/usga/home-page/rule s/rules-2019/rules-of-golf/rules-and-interpretations. html#!ruletype=mr§ion=rule&rulenum=1 16 ​ US Disabled Open: Description http://www.usdga.net/tournaments/ Using various size golf clubs, athletes attempt Videos to use the fewest strokes as possible to get the Wounded Warriors: golf ball into the hole. https://youtu.be/yYysyKP1zro Adaptations Adaptive Golfer: Adaptations can be made for a variety of https://youtu.be/GI4MX3vBbzE physical, cognitive, and visual impairments. https://youtu.be/bIZpQSGXqVQ ● Clubs One arm swing: ○ Left and right handed clubs; can https://youtu.be/LnAqQBJ-lro be custom made Para golfer wheelchair: ○ Power assisted, no swing clubs https://youtu.be/KfZVJMDu3I0

are available:

https://www.ezeegolf.com/ Local Resources ● Adaptive golf carts Seattle WA PGA chapter: ○ Solo rider, off-road terrain https://www.pgareach.org/services/military walker/wheelchair Oregon Adaptive Sport: https://oregonadaptivesports.org/sport/golf/ http://solorider.com/ Accessible Golf Courses Oregon: ● Stabilizer gloves / gripping devices https://www.oregonlive.com/sports/2019/06/20-acc ○ For decreased hand strength essible-golf-courses-you-should-play-in-oregon.htm https://www.gripmate.com/ l /https://ogagolfcourse.com ​ ​ ● Pick up putters / teeing devices ● Special Veteran programs ○ Pick up and place tees / balls and Veteran Programs: repair divots without bending over ● National Veterans Wheelchair Games: https://www.zerobendgolf.com/ 9-hole scramble ● Prosthetic ● National Veterans Golden Age Games ○ Designed to hold onto golf club ● National Disabled Veterans TEE https://www.trsprosthetics.com/shop- tournament category/golf/ ● Adaptive golf equipment link: https://www.moveunitedsport.org/sports/ada ptive-equipment/golf-equipment/ Equipment 17 ● Golf clubs in golf bag ● Golf balls 16 Hiking Equipment Hiking equipment varies depending on ability level ● Mobility device (if applicable) ○ All-terrain power chair ○ All-terrain manual chair ● Backpack ● Appropriate shoes 18 ● Hiking poles (if applicable) ● Gloves Description ● Food and water depending on the length Recreational day activity to explore trails and of hike nature. Competition Adaptations Hiking is recreational, but athlete could explore Adaptations can be made for a variety of trail orienteering for recreation and for physical, cognitive, and visual impairments. competition: http://www.pnwo.org/ Mountain/ all-terrain wheelchairs ● GRIT and Renegade wheelchairs (long Videos drive arms for increased torque and Adaptive hiking organization promo: power) https://www.gogrit.us/ ​ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=58MF2pdVXDw ● URSA mountain chair (gears, disc Wheelchair hiking: brakes, front wheel beam) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OgNwleFebGY ● Bowhead Corp (electric mountain cycle): GRIT Freedom Chair: https://bowheadcorp.com/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=scZjiYqlCT4 All-terrain walkers and crutches https://www.elderluxe.com/mobility/walkers-and-roll Local Resources ators/outdoor-and-all-terrain-rollators/ WA interactive ADA map (with accessible Prosthetics trails): https://wdfw.wa.gov/accessibility/map https://sunshinepando.com/sunshine-adaptive-hike ​ WA accessible trails: s/ https://www.accessiblenature.info/?page_id=165 Offroad chair/ accessories resource lists: OR accessible trails: https://www.moveunitedsport.org/sports/adaptive-e https://www.accessiblenature.info/?page_id=236 quipment/hiking-equipment/ Adventures Without Limits: https://craighospital.org/programs/therapeutic-recre https://awloutdoors.org/about-awl ation/all-terrain-wheelchairs Needs for an accessible trail: Outdoors for All: https://outdoorsforall.org/about-us/who-we-are/ ● Hard surface, wide enough trail for a NW Nav Races: http://navraces.com/ wheelchair, understand elevation gain ​ Columbia River Orienteering Club: with fitness level http://www.croc.org

17 Hunting ○ https://www.moveunitedsport.org/sp orts/adaptive-equipment/hunting-equ ipment/ Competitions Primarily recreation but tournaments do exist ● NW Sportsman Club Disabled Shoot: http://www.northwestsportsmansclub.com/in dex.pl?||ac=nwsportsman&||cm=2c&||cv=1& ||pp=5&||rp=1&||rv=documentspecific&||si=5 19 WK6Q8TS1FAUO90HOZ2N&||srt=t&||srtin=

a&||tr=RBSRXT3G4U&||udid=0&go=243 Description Recreational activity with a variety of Videos techniques depending on what is being hunted Hunting adaptive wheelchair:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nXGu1WxOVbs Adaptations Robotic gun wheelchair: Adaptations can be made for a variety of https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GsjC-gVV_8U physical, cognitive, neurological, and visual Rail mounted video: impairments. http://digitalcrosshairs.com/blog/adaptive-hunting-s ● Hunting partner (retrieving the game) hooting-equipment/ ● Gun rest: Local Resources ​ http://www.bipodshootingsticks.com/ WA Special Use permit: ● Mounts and trigger activators: https://wdfw.wa.gov/accessibility/wdfw-special-use- http://beadaptive.com/ permit-program ● All terrain wheelchairs: WA Road Entry Access Permit: https://www.allterrainmedical.com/x8-4x4-ex https://wdfw.wa.gov/publications/02148 treme-all-terrain-electric-power-wheelchair-n WA Hunting viewing blinds: ew/ https://wdfw.wa.gov/accessibility/hunting-and-wildlif ● NiteSite Viper: enlarges scope onto a e-viewing-blinds screen for companion hunter to assist WA Big Game Permits (including information (for visually impaired): for disabled veterans/ visual impairments): http://www.ashleelundvall.com/blog/post/20 https://wdfw.wa.gov/licenses/hunting/big-game 15-12-24-adaptive-hunting-equipment OR Free combined license: https://myodfw.com/articles/hunters-and-anglers-dis Equipment abilities ● Gun/ Rifle/ Bow (can be adapted for Four Aces Ranch: Ashwood, OR automatic triggers, etc) https://www.fouracesranch.net/ ● Hunting license ● Prefered mobility device Safety Considerations ● Adaptive equipment resource list ● Hunting should be done with others. ○ https://buckmasters.com/resources/d ● Ensure that the individual understands isabled-hunters/Adaptive-equipment hunter/gun safety regulations.

18 Paddling ○ Bellyak (prone position): https://www.bellyak.com/ ● Portable access path (for ease of wheelchair): https://accesstraxsd.com/ ​ ● Kayak cart: https://www.theadventurejunkies.com/best-k ayak-cart/ Equipment 20 ● Life jacket Description ● Paddle(s) Using a kayak, canoe, paddle board, raft, or ● Kayak / boat (with transportation device) boat to propel down a river or lake with oars/ ● Safety (understand how to upright a paddles. turned over kayak) Competitions Adaptations Paracanoe classification: Adaptations can be made for a variety of https://www.paralympic.org/canoe/classification physical, cognitive, and visual impairments. Videos https://www.teamriverrunner.org/wp-content/upload Paracanoe: s/2014/09/EditedAdaptiveVersion.docx-1.pdf https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=3& https://www.moveunitedsport.org/sports/adaptive-e v=DKNqpr3NUb8&feature=emb_logo quipment/water-sports-equipment/ Accessible transfer system: ● Back of hand or wrist grip paddle: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=2& https://www.americancanoe.org/store/ViewP v=FBuSJX0vOac&feature=emb_logo roduct.aspx?id=1601931 Adaptive paddles: https://www.americancanoe.org/store/ViewP https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gWowozYNRKs roduct.aspx?id=1601973 &feature=emb_logo ● Paddle Pivot (one arm control and Local Resources removes paddle weight): Team River Runner (kayaking): https://www.angleoar.com/ https://www.teamriverrunner.org/ ○ Lightweight paddles available ● Portland and Bend OR, Seattle and ● Universal seat (adjustable back pads Spokane WA chapters depending on level of support needed) Adaptive Sports NW: Portland ○ Foam wedges, straps, buoys https://www.adaptivesportsnw.org/sports/kayaking/ (DIY) can be placed for stability Oregon Adaptive Sports: Bend ​ ​ ● Transfer systems: https://oregonadaptivesports.org/sport/kayaking-an http://www.ezdockmc.com/contentpage2.cf d-paddleboarding/ m?page=kayak-canoe-lift Adventures Without limits: OR ● Outriggers (can be added for stability): https://awloutdoors.org/ https://www.kayakhelp.com/best-kayak-stab Paddle for Life (Dragon Boating): ilizers-outriggers/ https://paddleforlife.org/ ● Types of kayaks (solo or tandem): Veteran Programs: ○ Open decked, sea, white water, ● National Veterans Summer Sports Clinic inflatable 19 Powerlifting Competitions Local, regional, national, international, and veteran only competitions. Classification: Individuals are not only divided ​ by classification based on disability but also gender and weight. https://www.paralympic.org/powerlifting/classification

Videos 21 Para Powerlifting Explained: Description https://youtu.be/Byjl61mbFFQ Athletes compete in the bench press discipline https://youtu.be/-aZlhCqTvOA where they are required to lower the bar to Female Athletes: their chest, hold it motionless on their chest https://youtu.be/79howSgjpVc then press it away from their chest and lock out https://youtu.be/eLqIyRKzCt4 their arms. Male Athletes: https://youtu.be/swgtUujwbJo Adaptations ● Weight can be scaled down to allow Local Resources individuals to increase their strength Oregon accessible training gyms: ● The bench can be wider/longer to https://www.heroesmovementusa.org/partners provide additional support ● Portland State University gym ● Straps for safety to hold down the ● Elements Fitness Lab: Portland OR ● Relentless Athletic Performance: Grants individuals lower body Pass OR ● The height of the bench and rack can be ● Underground strength: Salem OR adjusted for arm length ● Specialty Athletic Training: Bend and ● Chalk can be used to increase grip Portland OR, and Vancouver WA ● Wrist wraps and belts can also be used https://www.specialtyathletictraining.com/ for additional wrist and back support. ● Providence Fitness Center: Lake Oswego OR

● OHSU: March Wellness Equipment Bench: Adaptive and Inclusive certification/training: ● Is both wider and longer than a standard ● https://www.adaptivetrainingacademy.com/ powerlifting bench to account for the ● https://www.adapttraining.com/ individual's entire body including their legs. Veteran Programs: Rack ● National Veterans Wheelchair Games Barbell: ● The Warrior Games ● Womens and mens weights ● Valor Games *One would likely have access to this ● Invictus Games equipment at a gym 20 Power Soccer around the nation have access to these chairs for athletes to use. These chairs

can be custom made to meet the individuals needs. https://powersoccershop.com/strikeforcepo werwheelchairandsoccerguard.aspx ○ The chair puts everyone on the court at an even playing field. Foot Guard

22 ● Can be made with a variety of materials Description (PVC piping and metal are the most Power soccer is played on a basketball court common). with 4 players on each team. Players use a ● Most programs will have them for power wheelchair to navigate the court with a people to put on their chairs or have the special front foot guard that is used to dribble, means to make them one. pass, and kick an oversize soccer ball. This is Seat Belt/Harness the only power wheelchair organized sport. ● At least one of these is required for all athletes for safety purposes. Adaptations Chair Control device: Competitions ● Standard joystick Currently, Power Soccer is not recognized as a ● Compact joystick paralympic sport, however, efforts continue to ● MicroPilot joystick: very small and be made. The highest level of competition is sensitive Team USA which competes in an international ● Sip and puff control Power Soccer World Cup. ● Switches (head arrays, foot control) Safety Straps: Videos Athletes: https://youtu.be/Gsmk-Jqul00 ● Depending on the individual's function, ​ straps may be appropriate to keep https://youtu.be/Q5A12baiB9s extremities in safe positions. National Power Soccer: Support padding: https://youtu.be/WY6lefEAeqg NVWG: https://youtu.be/9eEe4puA21o ● Trunk ​ ● Thigh ● Head rests Local Resources ● Seat back: hard and soft options Power Soccer Local Teams: Remote Kill Switch ● Powersoccer PDX: Portland OR Roll Cage https://powersoccerpdx.com/ Equipment ● Seattle Adaptive Sport: Seattle WA http://www.seattleadaptivesports.org/power- Power wheelchair: soccer.html ● People can use their everyday chair Veterans Program: ● Strike Force Power Chair: Specialized ● National Veterans Wheelchair Games power soccer chair. Many programs 21 Rock Climbing ● Ropes ● Chalk and chalk bag ● Carabiners / quickdraws (outdoor) ● Climbing shoes ● Climbing helmet ● Crash pad for bouldering ● Crampons and ice axes for ice climbing

23 Competitions Description Classification: Climbing up an indoor climbing wall or outside https://www.ifsc-climbing.org/index.php/paraclimbin on a natural rock wall. Climbers can use g/classification Paraclimbing membership: harnesses and ropes to be attached to the wall ​ http://www.usaclimbing.org/Members/Membership_ or use no ropes (called bouldering). Outdoor Overview.htm ice climbing is another option with specialized Videos equipment and adaptations available. Climbing with a lower limb prosthetic:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-VkN_PCePKg Adaptations Grip adapted pulling up: Adaptations can be made for a variety of https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZsvZ1qBXl4 physical and visual impairments Outside blind climbers: ● Amputations: wear no prosthesis, https://www.outsideonline.com/2127071/these-blind ​ ​ everyday prosthesis, or specialized -climbers-are-changing-perception-whats-possible climbing foot or knee Adaptive ice climbing: http://www.mountainoandp.com/adkfoot/ https://vimeo.com/85770146 ● Specialized grips: Local Resources ○ Prosthetic crampons and ice tool PDX Adaptive Climbing (at Planet Granite): attachments https://www.facebook.com/pdxclimbing/ ○ ActiveHands Oregon Adaptive Sports (Bend, OR): https://www.activehands.com/ https://oregonadaptivesports.org/sport/rock-climbing/ ● Harnesses: University of Oregon Adaptive Climbing https://mistymountain.com/product-category (Eugene, OR): /adventure/adaptive-gear/ https://rec.uoregon.edu/adaptive-climbing-program ○ Chest harness to stay upright Outdoors for All (Seattle, WA): ○ Seated harness with bigger loops https://outdoorsforall.org/programs/recreation-progr to prevent pressure sores ams/ ● Ascending device / pulley system to Washington Alpine Club: offset weight https://washingtonalpineclub.org/classes/adaptive-c limbing-series https://www.nolimitstahoe.com/gear/ Veteran Programs:

Equipment Veteran expeditions (Colorado): https://www.vetexpeditions.com/tag/rock-climbing/ Adaptive climbing manual (for purchase): Adaptive Adventures: https://www.paradoxsports.org/product/manual/ https://adaptiveadventures.org/rock-climbing/ ● Harness / belay device 22 ● Transfers: self transfer station, hoyer lift, Rowing ​ transfer box ● Consider type of disability with safety: ​ ​ ○ safety on water with traffic pattern ○ balance in boat, water / friction on seats, monitor overheating ○ padding / straps for rigid limbs ○ PTSD triggers, epilepsy 24

Description Equipment Using oars, athletes row a crew shell down a ● Boat house / water way river or lake in 1, 2, 4, or 8 person boats. A ● Ergometers for training smaller athlete sits in the front of the boat to ● Crew shells (various sizes) steer and coach for the larger boats. ● Oars / oar lock

● Seats / foot plates Adaptations Competitions Adaptations can be made for a variety of There are adaptive events at USRowing physical, neurological, and visual impairments. masters nationals and club nationals ● Guide to Adaptive Rowing: Classification information for FISA events (i.e. https://usrowing.org/documents/2016/6/1//2 ​ 015-guide-to-adaptive-rowing.pdf?id=60 Paralympics): ● Adaptive equipment: https://usrowing.org/sports/2016/5/27/1172_132107 060771262655.aspx?id=15 https://www.moveunitedsport.org/sports/ada ptive-equipment/water-sports-equipment/ Videos https://www.dezeen.com/2012/08/31/paraly Paralympic rowing: mpic-design-adaptive-rowing-equipment/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=olzKCnI_IuU ● Boathouse: elevators, hoists for pools, Veteran rowing: ​ handrails, and accessible showers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f60zlYcfL4g&fe ● Training: Concept2 SkiErg, hand cycle, ature=emb_logo ​ fixed and tractor seats erg adapters, Adaptive erging competition: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AK_IGjr9AeM FES chairs

https://www.concept2.com/adaptive-rowing/ adapting-indoor-rower Local Resources ● Voice assisted rowing apps: BoatCoach, Seize the Oar (Seattle, WA): ​ http://www.seizetheoar.com/what-we-do Erg Chatter, Erg Buddy, ErgData ● Article about it: https://www.concept2.com/indoor-rowers/ad https://excy.com/2019/03/07/is-inclusive-ad aptive-rowing/rowing-visually-impaired aptive-training-important-healthyeah/ ● Seats: fixed, custom for prosthetics, foot Rogue Rowing (Ashland, OR): ​ adaptations, straps for trunk, seat backs https://www.roguerowing.org/adaptive-rowing/ ● Grip: tactile aids, feather lock devices Veterans Program: ​ ● Boats: outriggers/pontoons for stability ● National Veterans Summer Sports Clinic ​ ● Valor Games https://wintechracing.com/adaptive-boats/ ● Invictus games: Indoor rowing

23 Sitting Volleyball Competitions Sitting volleyball (paravolley) is an organized paralympic team sport. There are also local and national competitions. Classification: https://www.paralympic.org/sitting-volleyball/cla ssification Rules: http://www.worldparavolley.org/wp-content/uploads/ 2017/06/2017-2020-SITTING-Volleyball-Rules-with- Diagrams.pdf Videos Team USA athlete experience: 25 https://youtu.be/-aRE2Bq_RrY Description Paralympic sitting volleyball: Sitting Volleyball is played similar to standing https://youtu.be/uXLSzwJoT4M volleyball, however individuals sit on the floor Team USA vs BRA: using a smaller court and the net is shorter https://youtu.be/0tzhcLEDhEY (about 3 ft). Everyone is required to sit, which makes this sport accessible to a variety of Local Resources individuals with physical disabilities as well as ASNW: Portland OR able-bodied peers. https://www.adaptivesportsnw.org/sports/sitting-voll eyball/ Adaptations Prosthetics: Veteran Programs: ● In general it is encouraged that ● Invictus Games: individuals not wear lower limb https://invictusgamesfoundation.org/ prosthetics when playing as it can limit ● The Warrior Games: one's speed and movement. https://militarybenefits.info/warrior-games/

● Upper limb prosthetics can be worn to pass the volleyball. Padding: ● Padded shorts to prevent pressure sores and or to increase comfort can be worn while playing. ● Knee pads

Equipment ● Net with proper height ● Volleyball court ● Volleyball 26

24 ● Three/four track: options for individuals Skiing/Snowboarding Alpine ​ with amputations. Stand using a single or both ski’s with outriggers. Snowboarding: ● Less adaptable than skiing; more appropriate for adaptive athletes with a higher level of functioning. ● Most adaptive snowboarding is done 27 using standard equipment but taught Description with specific instructions for adaptive An athlete using an adaptive ski or snowboard athletes. to navigate down a mountain.

Equipment Adaptations ● Skis or snowboard Adaptations can be made for a variety of ● Poles (if skiing) physical, neurological, and, blind/deaf (requires ● Boots (ski or snowboarding specific) an instructor) impairment. ● Winter clothing: snow gloves, jacket, Skiing: pants Adaptive Sit-Skis: used for athletes who cannot ● Helmet / goggles stand and uses a chair for mobility. Competitions https://adaptiveskiing.net/adaptive-skiing-equipment ● Bi-ski: bucket seat with two ski’s Local, regional, national, international, and ​ underneath. Can be used independently veteran only competitions. or with a ski guide helping to navigate Paralympic classification: https://www.paralympic.org/alpine-skiing/classification the ski behind them with handles and tethers. Videos Winter Sports Clinic:https://youtu.be/8eyjFh8BIM4 ● Mono-ski: similar to bi-ski but with only ​ ​ Adaptive Athlete: https://youtu.be/qNTUYZQe4ug one ski underneath, requires more ​ ​ Sit Ski: https://youtu.be/ldl07JO2Rzo stability from the skier. Appropriate for ​ ​ skiers with truck stability and upper body Local Resources strength. Typically used independently Oregon Adaptive Sports: Bend by the skier. https://oregonadaptivesports.org/sport/ski-or-snowb ● Outriggers: short ski pole with handle oard-lessons/ ​ and cuff for the forearm. At the end of Adaptive Lessons on local mountains: the pole is a small ski to assist the https://nwskiers.org/adaptive-skiing ● Mt. Hood individual in turning the sit ski. ● Mt. Bachelor Standing options: ● Snoqualmie ● Snow Slider: mounted frame that clicks ​ ● Stevens Pass into separate skis, appropriate for Veteran Program: individuals with severe balance ● Troops Triumph: Oregon challenges but has the ability/strength to http://www.troopstriumph.org/ stand/walk. ● National Veterans Winter Sports Clinic

25 Sledge/Para ice Hockey ● https://mobilitysports.com/shop/Sleds-c1500 940

Sledge Hockey Sticks ● Short in length with both sides serving different purposes. One side is used to hit the puck and the other side has small metal ice spikes to be used to propel the sledge. Safety Equipment: ● Hockey Helmet with full face mask ● Pads: Shoulder and elbow 28 ● Gloves Description ● Guards: shin and neck Para ice hockey is a fast paced and full-contact https://mobilitysports.com/ team sport. The sport is played on the same rink with most of the same rules as able-bodied Competitions hockey. The equipment used, however, is Sledge Hockey is a growing paralympic sport different (see equipment section). in the US that athletes can complete at a local (depending on resources) and national level. Adaptations Classification requirements: ​ Accessible ice rinks: https://www.paralympic.org/ice-hockey/classification ● Allow athletes to skate in their sled off Videos the rink and into the bench area. About ice hockey: ● The bench area must be flush with the https://youtu.be/RP38GZ6GaNE rink and have plexiglass for the athletes Gold Medal Game, 2019: to see through to watch their team play https://youtu.be/r7Kov0AkHK8 Sledge and Sticks: Athlete experience: ● Can be adapted to meet a variety of https://youtu.be/c39qATSbcrQ needs including athlete size. Veteran experience: Handles for back of Sled: https://vimeo.com/190158738 ● Handles can be placed on the back of Local Resources the sledge for someone else to propel WA: Seattle Adaptive Sports the athlete. Great for beginners. http://www.seattleadaptivesports.org/sled-hockey.html Sledge Hockey Chariot and handle: Oregon Sled Hockey: Winterhawks team ● Can be attached to the sledge to move ● https://winterhawks.com/sledhockey/ the sled on surfaces other than ice. ● https://www.facebook.com/Oregon-Sled-Ho ckey-112694442121584/?ref=page_internal https://www.creatingability.com/sled-hockey/ Veteran Programs: Equipment ● Operation Comfort Sledge ● https://www.usawarriorshockey.org/ ● Customizable in a variety of ways to ● Invictus Games meet individual needs; length, bucket ● National Veterans Winter Sports Clinic size, etc. 26 Table Tennis ● Athletes can stand and navigate by moving around the space

Equipment ● Table tennis ball ● Table tennis paddle ● Table tennis table and net

Competitions Table tennis is one of the most popular paralympic sports. Athletes can complete in 11 different classifications. 1-5 are for sitting athletes, 6-10 are for standing athletes, and 11 is for athletes with intellectual disabilities.

Classification: https://www.paralympic.org/news/para-table-tennis- classification-breakdown Rulebook: 29 Description https://www.adaptivesportsusa.org/wp-content/uplo ads/2017/04/2017_EN_HBK_CHPT_2.pdf Adaptive table tennis is played with many of the same rules and regulations as the Videos able-bodied version of the sport. Athletes can About table tennis: https://youtu.be/syPkjGXyS-Q play individually or in teams of two. An athlete ​ Athletes: https://youtu.be/Uf718cn-pjs scores a point by the individual hitting the ball ​ Variety of classifications: on the other player's side without them being https://youtu.be/BjuhGad1gQc able to hit the ball back. Players use a wooden Veterans: https://youtu.be/q_Q0W4hlgII paddle to hit the ball. ​

Local Resources Adaptations There are minimal Oregon and Washington Holding the paddle: adaptive table tennis programs, however, there ● Athletes can hold the paddle with one are places that are accessible for individuals hand in a way that is comfortable to with disabilities to engage in table tennis. them Additionally, there are able-bodied clubs who ● Athletes without upper limbs can hold may have resources for adaptive table tennis. the paddle with their mouth ● Search table tennis places ● Athletes can use a strap or brace to ● Ping Pong places increase grip for holding onto the paddle Veteran programs: Navigating: ● National Veterans Wheelchair Games ● Athletes can sit in a wheelchair to ● National Veterans Golden Age Games navigate the space to hit the ball

27 Wheelchair Basketball system from 1 to 4.5. The team points must be the sum of 14 points or less. Sport Classification: https://www.paralympic.org/wheelchair-basketball/cl assification Videos About wheelchair basketball: https://youtu.be/0RWvXzYKoHM 2019 Parapan American games: https://youtu.be/xtoDD7JBY0g Athletes: https://youtu.be/CWH-9-OBGww ​

Local Resources ASNW: Portland, OR 30 https://www.adaptivesportsnw.org/sports/wheelchai Description r-basketball/ Based off the able-bodied basketball team ● The Portland Wheel Blazers Team sport with most of the same rules/guidelines, ● The Junior Wheel Blazers Team except athletes play in wheelchairs ● The Prep junior team ● Portland Cascades Team Adaptations Seattle Adaptive Sports: ● Wheelchair positioning for additional http://www.seattleadaptivesports.org/basketball.html trunk support Spokane WA: Parasport ● Straps for safety and stability https://www.parasportspokane.org/basketball.html

● Smaller basketball Veteran Programs: ● Lowering the basket ● National Veteran Wheelchair Games

● National Veterans Golden Age Games Equipment ● The Warrior Games Wheelchair: ● Invictus Games ● Individuals everyday manual chair ● Specialized sport chair: https://www.sportaid.com/basketball-wheelc hairs/ Straps (if applicable)

Competitions Wheelchair basketball is a recognized paralympic team sport that can be played at a national and international level. Many cities around the nation also have local community 31 teams that are both competitive and recreational. Athletes are classified on a point 28 Wheelchair Racing Competitions Classification: ​ ● T32-34 Coordination impairments ● T51-54 Limb deficiency, leg length difference, impaired muscle power or impaired range of movement https://www.teamusa.org/US-Paralympics/Sports/Tr ack-and-Field/Classification

32 Videos Description Why I race: https://youtu.be/E_x1PdkjzPM ​ Individuals race on a track or road in a custom Racing chair basics: wheelchair racing chair by using their arms to https://youtu.be/1XKeGe0JevI propel at a designated distance. Distance can https://youtu.be/pvPTBBZExDI Racing Strokes: https://youtu.be/TgtJO_YRVng range from sprints to long distance. ​ ​ U.S. Para track and field: Adaptations Https://youtu.be/m2dIBtx98Kk Much of the equipment for wheelchair racing is Local Resources custom to meet the individuals unique needs. World Wheelchair Sport (Program): Eugene, Positioning and an appropriately fitting chair is OR important for being successful with this activity. http://www.worldwheelchairsports.com/World_Whe ● Gloves: There are both hard and soft elchair_Sports/World_Wheelchair_Sports_-_Eugen ​ e,_Oregon_-_Track_Town_USA.html gloves. Softer gloves can be appropriate Alpenrose Velodrome (track): Portland, OR for individuals with minimal finger/hand https://velodrome.obra.org/information/ dexterity and hard gloves for those with Seattle Adaptive Sports (Program): Seattle, sufficient strengths/ROM in hand WA function. http://www.seattleadaptivesports.org/track-and-field ● Compensator: On wheelchair racing ​ .html chairs, the compensator allows the Parasport (Program): Spokane, WA athlete to make turns efficiently by https://www.parasportspokane.org/track--field.html hitting it, which turns the front wheel without having to steer it. Veteran Programs: Equipment ● The Warrior Games Wheelchair racing chair ● Invictus Games ● Ideally chairs will be custom made to fit the individual Racing gloves ● Both hard and soft glove options ● https://howirollsports.com/shop/ingenium-th e-chief-wheelchair-racing-gloves/ Helmet 33 https://www.moveunitedsport.org/sports/adaptive-e quipment/track-and-field-equipment/ 29 Wheelchair Rugby Competitions Athletes are classified on a point system between 0.5 to 3.5. At all play times the team as a whole must be 8 points or less to keep the completion fair. Athletes can participate in local and national competitions. Classification Resource: ​ https://www.iwrf.com/resources/iwrf_docs/IWRF_C ompetition_Classification_UPDATE_June2020.pdf https://www.paralympic.org/wheelchair-rugby/classi 34 fication Description Videos Fast pace team contact sport played on a Murderball: 2005 Film regulation basketball court with 5 players on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murderball_(film) each side. Athletes work together to get the Paralympic competition: ball across the opponents goal line by passing https://youtu.be/OUjAKOLQLvA and dribbling the ball. There are both offensive About Wheelchair Rugby: and defensive positions. Also known as quad https://youtu.be/kh28BHCZ3fI rugby. Why Rugby: https://youtu.be/02GcnRtO6GE ​

Adaptations Local Resources Wheelchair rugby chairs positions can be Adaptive Sports Northwest: adjusted to provide varied trunk support. https://www.adaptivesportsnw.org/sports/wheelchai ● The seat position can be adjusted lower r-rugby/ to the ground and at an angle to provide ● Portland Pounders Team additional support Seattle WA: Gloves: ● Wheelchair rugby association: ● Hard, soft, or sticky gloves can be used ● Seattle Slam Team: to protect individuals hands and support https://seattleslam.org/#home for propelling the chair more effectively Spokane WA: ● St. Luke: https://www.st-lukes.org/TSL/ ​ Veteran Programs: Equipment ● National Veterans Wheelchair Games Wheelchair Rugby Chairs: ● Invictus Games ● Offensive chair ● Defensive chair ● http://www.wheelchairrugbyready.com/?mo dule=1§ion=3&subsection=41 Gloves Straps

35

30 Wheelchair Tennis Competitions Rules are the same as stand up tennis, except the wheelchair player is allowed two bounces of the ball. Classification: https://www.paralympic.org/wheelchair-tennis/classi fication Tournaments: https://www.usta.com/en/home/play/adult-tennis/pr 36 ograms/national/wheelchair-tennis-tournaments.ht Description ml Using a racquet, athletes hit a tennis ball over Videos a net back and forth to the competition, staying Paralympic tennis: within the court lines. There are singles and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nui4B6Zpb8k&f doubles events for men and women. eature=emb_logo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BR-KyhY99M4 Adaptations Blind tennis: ● Wheelchair tennis manual: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5Ge7_SZDEg http://assets.usta.com/assets/576/15/Manua Types of tennis wheelchairs: l_for_Teaching_Adaptive_Tennis.pdf https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=30 ● Grip: &v=jg7Eei7HTDQ&feature=emb_logo ○ Tape hand to racquet ○ Grasping gloves Local Resources ○ Prosthetics NW Wheelchair Tennis Association (Keizer, OR): https://www.nwwheelchairtennis.org/nwta/ ● Sport wheelchairs (lighter than everyday ​ Robinswood Tennis Center- drop in wheelchair chair): tennis programs (Bellevue, WA): https://www.sportaid.com/tennis-wheelchair https://bellevuewa.gov/city-government/department s/ s/parks/sports-and-athletics/robinswood-tennis-cent ● Racquets: can be made shorter, er smaller, and lighter to make it easier to Salem Tennis and Swim Club: grip http://www.salemtennisandswimclub.com/members hip.html ○ Player should learn how to grip Seattle wheelchair tennis: racquet and push wheelchair at the http://www.seattleadaptivesports.org/tennis.html same time Veteran Program information: ● Straps: around legs or trunk for stability https://www.moveunitedsport.org/usta-training/ ● Ball with sound (for visual impairment)

Equipment ● Tennis Racquet ● Tennis Ball ● Tennis Court with lines and net ● Wheelchair 37

31 ● Valor Games National Resources https://www.blogs.va.gov/nvspse/valor-gam The links and resources throughout this es/ adaptive sports resource book were used to ● Invictus Games: inform the content provided. Experts in the https://invictusgamesfoundation.org/foundati on/ community were also consulted, to ensure ● Operation Comfort (San Antonio, TX- sports ​ content is accurate. and other activities for wounded veterans): ​ https://operationcomfort.org/ ● Operation Rise and Conquer (adventure Veteran Focused Resources ​ ● Adaptive Sports NW (Beaverton, OR- team week for veterans in Crested Butte, CO) ​ http://www.asa.net/ORC sports with grants for veterans): ● Paralyzed Veterans of America (adaptive https://www.adaptivesportsnw.org/about/mili ​ sports offerings): tary-programs/ https://www.pva.org/adaptive-sports/ ● Catalyst Sports (rock climbing): ● Semper Fi and America’s Fund (integrative http://www.catalystsports.org/veterans/ ​ ● Challenged Athletes Foundation (military wellness programs and financial support for ​ specific grants): disabled veterans): https://www.challengedathletes.org/program https://semperfifund.org/what-we-do/integrat s/operation-rebound/ ive-wellness/ ● Disabled American Veterans: ● Team Red, White, and Blue (community ​ https://www.dav.org/ connections for social and physical activity): ​ ● National Veterans Golden Age Games https://www.teamrwb.org/ (national multi-sport event for older ● Triumph Foundation (resource lists for veterans): ​ veteran services in Southern CA and https://www.blogs.va.gov/nvspse/national-v eterans-golden-age-games/ nationally): ● High Fives Foundation (Military to the https://triumph-foundation.org/resource/vete ​ Mountain program): rans-services/#title https://highfivesfoundation.org/militarytothe ● VAST - Veterans Adaptive Sports and Training (New Gloucester, ME): mountain/ ​ https://pinelandfarms.org/recreation/vast/ ● High Performance Adaptive (veteran ​ ● Veteran Affairs Hospitals: partnerships for adaptive equipment): https://www.va.gov/find-locations/ http://highperformanceadaptive.com/page/V ● Wounded Warrior Project (resources and ​ eterans events): ● Move United Warfighters (provides adaptive https://www.woundedwarriorproject.org/ ​ sports to severely wounded warriors free of cost): PNW Organizations ​ https://www.moveunitedsport.org/sports/war ● Adaptive Sports NW (Beaverton, OR- team ​ fighter-sports/ sports): https://www.adaptivesportsnw.org/ ​ ● National Veterans Summer Sports Clinic: ● Adventures Without Limits (Forest Grove, ​ ​ https://www.sandiego.va.gov/services/nvssc OR- outdoor adventures): .asp https://awloutdoors.org/ ● National Veterans Wheelchair Games: ● City of Eugene, OR Inclusion Services: ​ ​ https://wheelchairgames.org https://www.eugene-or.gov/131/Inclusion-Se rvices ● National Veterans Winter Sports Clinic: ​ ● Impact For Life (Oregon State University https://www.wintersportsclinic.org/ ​ advocacy and training for young adults with ● The Warrior Games https://militarybenefits.info/warrior-games/ 32 disabilities): ● Craig Hospital (Denver, CO- rehabilitation ​ https://health.oregonstate.edu/impact-for-life hospital with adaptive rec outings): ● NorthWest Association for Blind Athletes: https://craighospital.org/programs/therapeuti ​ https://nwaba.org/ c-recreation/adaptive-sports-equipment-res ● Oregon Adaptive Sports (Bend, OR - ources ​ outdoor experiences) ● Crested Butte Adaptive Sports Center https://oregonadaptivesports.org/sports/ (Crested Butte, CO- outdoor adventures): ● Oregon Spinal Cord Injury Connection (SCI https://www.adaptivesports.org/ ​ ● Handicap Scuba Association: survivor empowerment group): https://www.hsascuba.com/ https://oregonsci.org/ ● High Fives Foundation (Truckee, CA- ● Outdoors for All (adapted outdoor ​ ​ education and grants for life altering injuries recreation): https://outdoorsforall.org/ ​ from outdoor sports, etc.): ● ParaSport Spokane (training and ​ https://highfivesfoundation.org competitive athletic opportunities): ● Kelly Brush Foundation (grants to promote ​ https://www.parasportspokane.org/ an active lifestyle after an SCI): ● Portland VA Medical Center-Vancouver: https://kellybrushfoundation.org/ ● Lakeshore Foundation (Birmingham, AL- https://www.portland.va.gov/locations/vanco ​ adaptive sport, recreation, advocacy, policy, uver.asp and research.): https://www.lakeshore.org/ ● Seattle Adaptive Sports (sports and ​ ​ ● Move United (national org that supports resources): ​ local adaptive sports chapters): http://www.seattleadaptivesports.org/resour .https://www.moveunitedsport.org/sports/ad ces.html ​ aptive-sports/ ● Team Red, White, and Blue (Oregon and ​ ● National Sport Center for Disability (Denver, Washington): ​ CO- adaptive lessons for sport and https://www.teamrwb.org/chapter-locator/ recreation): https://nscd.org/ ● World Wheelchair Sports (Eugene, OR): ​ ​ ● Paralympics (resources on classifications http://www.worldwheelchairsports.com/Worl ​ d_Wheelchair_Sports/World_Wheelchair_S and events): ports_-_Eugene,_Oregon_-_Track_Town_U https://www.paralympic.org/sports SA.html ● Reeves Foundation (grants, resources, and ​ working at advancing innovative SCI Other Organizations to Highlight research): ● Ability First Sports (Chico, CA- summer https://www.christopherreeve.org/ ​ camps and sports programs): ● Rehab Without Walls (rehab services): ​ https://www.abilityfirstsports.org/ https://www.rehabwithoutwalls.com/location ● Able Thrive (list of colleges with adaptive ​ s/test-oregon/ sports): ● Spaulding Rehab Adaptive Sports (East https://ablethrive.com/activities/21-colleges- ​ Coast): adapted-sports-programs https://spauldingrehab.org/conditions-servic ● Arc Angeles (South American org): ​ https://arcangeles.org/ es/adaptive-sports ● Sports Abilities (disability guide by state): ● BORP Adaptive Sports and Recreation ​ (Berkley, CA- sports and rec/ online fitness): https://www.sportsabilities.com/calendars-b https://www.borp.org/ y-state ● Challenged Athletes Foundation (grants, ● Triumph Foundation (Los Angeles, CA- ​ ​ sports programs, events): resources and adapted sports and rec): https://www.challengedathletes.org/adaptive https://triumph-foundation.org/resource/whe -sport-organizations/ elchair-sports-recreation/

33 Sport Specific ● National Veterans Summer Sports Clinic: Air rifle/pistol https://www.blogs.va.gov/nvspse/national-v ● Beadaptive: http://beadaptive.com eterans-summer-sports-clinic/ ​ ● USA shooting: https://www.usashooting.org ​ ● Disabled shooter discussion forum: Disc Golf: http://www.targettalk.org/viewforum.php?f=1 ● Professional Disc Golf Association: 1&sid=b4acf1f4c0b39b9320bf65a9dcbb47e https://www.pdga.com/course-directory/cour ● NRA adaptive shooting/hunting resources: se/eagle-eye-disc-golf-course https://adaptiveshooting.nra.org/resources/ ● Pineland Farms Disc Golf: https://pinelandfarms.org/recreation/summer Archery /disc-golf/ ● US Archery: ● Blind Disc Golf Association: https://www.usarchery.org/participate/adapti https://www.facebook.com/BlindDiscGolf/ ve-archery ● Eagle Eye Disc Golf course (designed for ● Archery Events Nationwide: use by blind and visually impaired) https://www.usarchery.org/events/find-an-ev https://www.dgcoursereview.com/course.ph ent p?id=4745

Boccia Equestrian: ● USA Boccia: https://usaboccia.org/ ● World Equestrian Games: ​ https://www.fei.org/history/paralympic-game Bowling s ● World Bowling: ● Move United: https://www.worldbowling.org/uncategorized https://www.moveunitedsport.org/sport/eque /2019/06/world-bowling-becomes-an-official- strian/ recognised-international-paralympic-commit tee-sport/ E-Sports: ● American Wheelchair Bowling Association: ● Warfighter Engaged: https://awba.org/ https://warfighterengaged.org/ ● American Blind Bowling Association: ● Craig Hospital E-sports resources: https://www.abba1951.com/ https://craighospital.org/services/assistive-te chnology/assistive-tech-gaming-resources Curling: ○ Controllers/external devices ● Move United: ○ Game reviews, news, and https://www.moveunitedsport.org/sport/curli organizations ng/ ○ Video ● Able Gamer Charity: https://ablegamers.org/ ● USA Curling: ​ https://www.teamusa.org/usa-curling/2018-p ● https://ablegamers.org/stigmabreaker/ aralympic-team ● World Curling Federation: Fencing: https://worldcurling.org/ ● Into the Frame (book): https://www.amazon.co.uk/INTO-FRAME-J Cycling ONATHAN-DAVID-COLLINS/dp/171814112 ● Team USA Military: 2 ● USA Fencing: https://www.usafencing.org/ https://www.teamusa.org/US-Paralympics/R ​ esources/Military Fishing 34 ● Fishing has no Boundaries: https://fhnbinc.org/ Paddling ● American Canoe Association- Adaptive Goalball: paddling workshops: ● NW association for Blind Athletes: https://www.americancanoe.org/page/Cours https://nwaba.org/blog/goalball-history-rules es_Adaptive -and-court/ ● Creating Ability - Adaptive paddling gear: ● Paralympic Goalball: https://www.creatingability.com/ https://www.paralympic.org/goalball ● Adaptive Adventures Dragon Boating: ● Ability 360: https://adaptiveadventures.org/dragon-boat- https://ability360.org/goalball-tournament/ racing/ ● Dragon Boating USA: Golf http://www.dragonsports.org/ ● PGA: https://pgaimpact.org/pga-hope/ ​ ● U.S. Adaptive Golf Alliance: Powerlifting https://www.usaga.org ● Heroes Movement: ● National Alliance for accessible golf: https://www.heroesmovementusa.org/ https://www.accessgolf.org ● Adaptive Training Academy: ○ Grants, resources, events https://www.adaptivetrainingacademy.com/ ● Wounded Warriors: ○ Golf events each year Power Soccer ● National Disabled Veterans TEE ● Federal Internationale De Powerchair Tournament: Football: https://fipfa.org/ ​ https://www.veteranstee.org ● Power Soccer Shop: ● Adaptive Golfers: https://powersoccershop.com/aboutpowerso https://www.adaptivegolfers.org ccer.aspx ● International Golf Federation: ● United States Power Soccer Association: https://www.igfgolf.org/about-igf/ https://www.powersoccerusa.org/ ● US Disabled Golf Association: http://www.usdga.net/ Rock Climbing: ● USA climbing: Hiking http://www.usaclimbing.org/home.htm ● Bowhead Corp (adventure cycle): ● International Federation of Sport Climbing: ​ ​ https://bowheadcorp.com/ https://www.ifsc-climbing.org/ ● Disabled Hikers: ● Paradox Mile Challenge: https://disabledhikers.com/resources/ https://www.paradoxsports.org/paradoxmile/ ● Orienteering: ● Paradox Sports: https://pinelandfarms.org/recreation/team-b https://www.paradoxsports.org/ uilding/orienteering/ ● Catalyst Sports: http://www.catalystsports.org/ Hunting ● Article about adaptive climbing: ● Buckmasters: https://www.outdoorresearch.com/blog/articl https://buckmasters.com/resources/disabled e/what-adaptive-climbers-really-want-to-say -hunters/disabled-veteran-hunting -to-able-bodied-climbers ● Able Outdoors: ● Move United: http://ableoutdoors.net/able-outdoors-huntin https://www.moveunitedsport.org/sport/rock- g-programs-organizations/ climbing/ 35 Wheelchair Basketball Rowing ● Over the line: ● America Rows (diversity in rowing initiative): https://triumph-foundation.org/wsfvideos/ https://usrowing.org/sports/2016/5/20/882_1 ● International Wheelchair Basketball 32107060553307806.aspx Foundation: https://iwbf.org/ ​ ● US Rowing: ● National Wheelchair Basketball Association: https://usrowing.org/sports/2016/6/19/1158_ https://www.nwba.org/ 132107067408904948.aspx ● Freedom Rows: Wheelchair racing https://usrowing.org/sports/2016/6/3/877_13 ● Paralympics Explain Wheelchair racing 2107062232213598.aspx) https://www.paralympic.org/news/para-athle ​ tics-explained-wheelchair-racing Sitting Volleyball: ● Kelly Brush Foundation: Grants ● Team USA: https://kellybrushfoundation.org/about-us/ https://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/usa- ● Triumph-Foundation: Wheelchair Sports teams/sitting-volleyball/about-sitting-volleyb Festival all https://triumph-foundation.org/wsfvideos/ ● Move United: https://www.moveunitedsport.org/sport/volle Wheelchair rugby yball/ ● International Wheelchair Rugby Federation: https://www.iwrf.com/ Skiing/Snowboard ● USA Wheelchair Rugby: http://usawr.org/ ​ ● Adaptive Adventures: ● Team USA: https://adaptiveadventures.org/alpine-skiing- https://www.teamusa.org/US-Paralympics/S and-snowboarding/ ports/Wheelchair-Rugby ● Two Top Mountain Adaptive: ● United States Quad Rugby Association: https://www.twotopadaptive.org https://www.usqra.org/ ● Winter sports clinic for Veterans: https://www.wintersportsclinic.org Wheelchair Tennis: ● Veterans Adaptive Sports Training: ● US Tennis Association: https://pinelandfarms.org/recreation/vast/ https://www.usta.com/en/home/play/adult-te nnis/programs.html#/Wheelchair Sled Hockey: ● Move United: ● USA Hockey: About the sport, grants, https://www.moveunitedsport.org/sport/tenni programs, and video. s/ https://www.usahockey.com/sledhockey ● Team USA: ● Move United: About, equipment suppliers, https://www.teamusa.org/US-Paralympics/S program finder. ports/Wheelchair-Tennis https://www.moveunitedsport.org/sport/sled- hockey/

Table Tennis:

● Move United: https://www.adaptivesportsusa.org/sports/ta ble-tennis/ ● International Table Tennis Federation: https://www.ittf.com/ 36 3: Skjaeran, S. M. (2008). Paralympics Boccia Learning Materials: [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paralympics_Be Magazines, Documentaries, and Podcasts ijing_2008_286.JPG ● Amplitude Magazine: 4: Sherwell, J. (1996). Boccia doubles vs Portugal [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://livingwithamplitude.com/ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boccia_doubles ● Challenge Magazine: _vs_Portugal.jpg https://www.moveunitedsport.org/about/new 5: Askew, A. (2017). Golden Age Games bowl s/challenge-magazine/ [Photograph]. Retrieved from ● New Mobility Magazine: https://www.keesler.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1 https://www.newmobility.com/ 193032/golden-age-games-bowl-at-keesler/ ● The Best of Men Documentary: 6: Jon, P. (2010). Wheelchair curling medal round https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2374835/ [Photograph]. Retrieved from ● Crip Camp Documentary: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wheelchair_Cur ling_Medal_Round,_Vancouver_2010_Paralympics.jpg https://www.netflix.com/title/81001496 7: Republic of Korea (2018). Paralympic wheelchair ● On The Way to School Documentary: curling [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dpaPs0 https://www.flickr.com/photos/koreanet/40867806961 Wywww 8: Hersom, E. (2018). Hand cycle [Photograph]. https://tubitv.com/movies/526764/on_the_w Retrieved from ay_to_school?utm_source=google-feed&tra https://www.defense.gov/observe/photo-gallery/igphoto/2 cking=google-feed 001928492/ ● Roll with Me Documentary: 9: Maurer, A. (2012). Base disc golf [Photograph]. https://www.netflix.com/title/81024500?sour Retrieved from https://www.ellsworth.af.mil/News/Photos/igphoto/20001 ce=35 33109/ ● The Rebound: A Wheelchair Basketball 10: Gonzalez, O (2019). Microsoft helping veterans Story: https://www.reboundthefilm.com/ ​ rehabilitate with Xbox Adaptive Controller [Photograph]. ● Tin Soldiers Documentary: Retrieved from https://www.amazon.com/Tin-Soldiers-Alan https://www.cnet.com/news/microsoft-helping-veterans-r a-Nichols/dp/B07DSJLM3P/ref=sr_1_1?dchi ehabilitate-with-xbox-adaptive-controller/ ld=1&keywords=tin+soldiers+2016+docume 11: Australian Paralympic Committee (2000). Equestrian ntary&qid=1591478922&sr=8-1 [Photograph]. Retrieved from ● Zion Documentary: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:271000_-_Eque strian_Marita_Hird_action_3_-_3b_-_2000_Sydney_eve https://www.netflix.com/TITLE/80239831 nt_photo.jpg Move United Challenged Extended Podcast: ● 12: Farrukh. (2012). Wheelchair fencing [Photograph]. https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/challenge- Retrieved from extended https://www.flickr.com/photos/swamibu/7939537964 13: Nguyen, M. (2013). Wheelchair fencing [Photograph]. Retrieved from Picture citations https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Final_EMS-A_2 1: Tobias, G. (2011). Taking aim [Photograph]. Retrieved 013_Wheelchair_Fencing_WCH_t201328.jpg from 14: Galloway, K. (2013). Lieutenant Colonel https://www.afpc.af.mil/News/Photos/igphoto/200020156 [Photograph]. Retrieved from 3/ https://www.westover.afrc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Art 2: Griggs, C. (2018). Marine comes to Hill [Photograph]. icle/562665/lieutenant-colonel-captain/ Retrieved from 15: ASNW are the Copyright holders. Authors were https://www.afsc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1667 given permission to use. 280/marine-comes-to-hill-to-pursue-his-paralympic-arche 16: Wollenberg, R. L. (2017). Golf at Invictus Games ry-dream/ [Photograph]. Retrieved from 37 https://www.defense.gov/observe/photo-gallery/igphoto/2 _Tennis_Bill_Medley_action_-_3b_-_Sydney_2000_mat 001820930/ ch_photo.jpg 17: Hipps, T. (2009). First swing instructor [Photograph]. 30: ASNW are the Copyright holders. Authors were Retrieved from given permission to use. https://archive.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=5 31: Goodwick, J. (n.d.) Portland Drone (bball). 3583 32: The Authors are the copyright holders 18: McCharles, R. (2007). Mt. White in a wheelchair 33: Australian Paralympic Committee. (2000). [Photograph]. Retrieved from Wheelchair racing [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.flickr.com/photos/rickmccharles/1348581976 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:281000_-_Athlet 19: NPS Photo. (2019). Wounded warrior mobility ics_wheelchair_racing_Louise_Sauvage_action_-_3b_-_ impaired hunt [Photograph]. Retrieved from 2000_Sydney_race_photo.jpg https://www.nps.gov/ozar/learn/news/ozark-national-sce 34: ASNW are the Copyright holders. Authors were nic-riverways-offering-special-managed-deer-hunt-at-big given permission to use. -spring.htm 35: ASNW are the Copyright holders. Authors were 20: Hawkins, A. (2012). Assisted kayak [Photograph]. given permission to use. Retrieved from 36: Australian Paralympics. (2011). Wheelchair tennis https://www.jble.af.mil/News/Photos/igphoto/200012093 [Photograph]. Retrieved from 6/ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wheelchair_ten 21: McRae, J. (2017). Victory smile [Photograph]. nis_Atlanta_Paralympics_(7).jpg Retrieved from 37: Australian Paralympic Committee. (2000). https://www.defense.gov/observe/photo-gallery/igphoto/2 Wheelchair tennis [Photograph]. Retrieved from 001818118/ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:241000_-_Whe 22: PDX Power Soccer are the Copyright holders. elchair_tennis_Daniela_Di_Toro_Branka_Pupovac_team Authors were given permission to use. work_-_3b_-_2000_Sydney_match_photo.jpg 23: Miles, D. (2012). Miracles on mountainside [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://archive.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=6 7720 24: Selwood, S. (2012). Mixed sculls final [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://no.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil:Oksana_Masters_Rob _Jones_mixed_sculls_final_2012.jpg 25: DeMotts, J. (2016) Ball Serve [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.defense.gov/observe/photo-gallery/igphoto/2 001535153/ 26: Wollenberg, R. (2017). Volleyball Reach. [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.defense.gov/observe/photo-gallery/igphoto/2 001814678/ 27: US Forest Service. (2016). Group of disabled skiers [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.flickr.com/photos/forestservicenw/26364113 391 28: Hersom, E. (2017). Sledge hockey duel

[Photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.defense.gov/observe/photo-gallery/igphoto/2

001820186/ 29: Australian Paralympic Committee. (2000). Table tennis [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:251000_-_Table