JJB 89 1.Indd

J. Jpn. Bot. 89: 12–16 (2014) Two New Species of Graphis and Halegrapha (Graphidaceae, Ostropales) from Southern Japan a b c, Hiroyuki KASHIWADANI , Minoru NAKANISHI and Kwang Hee MOON * aDepartment of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1, Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0005 JAPAN; bFaculty of Education, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1, Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8524 JAPAN; c Biological Resources Research Department, National Institute of Biological Resources, Gyoungser-dong, Seo-gu, Incheon, 404-170 KOREA *Corresponding author: [email protected] (Accepted on August 31, 2013) Two new species of the lichen family Graphidaceae are described from Yakushima Island, southern Japan. Graphis plumbeidisca M. Nakan., Kashiw. & K. H. Moon is distinct from allied species of the genus in having erumpent lirellae without striation, labia with lateral thalline margin, leaden and shiny discs without pruina, completely carbonized exciples, clear hymenia, colorless spores with 3(–4) transverse septa and 17–18 × 5–6 µm in size, and in producing no chemical substance. Halegrapha yakushimensis M. Nakan., Kashiw. & K. H. Moon is easily distinguished from other species of the genus by its muscicolous habitat, erumpent lirellae with slight striations, totally carbonized exciples, clear hymenia, submuriform and brown spores, 14–16 × 7–8 µm in size and in producing no chemical substance. They are so far known only from Yakushima Island in southern Japan. Key words: Graphidaceae, Graphis plumbeidisca, Halegrapha yakushimensis, Japan, Kyushu, lichen, new species, Yakushima Island. Species of the lichen family Graphidaceae in Nakan., Kashiw. & K. H. Moon and Halegrapha Japan have been studied fairly well by Nakanishi yakushimensis M. Nakan., Kashiw. & K. H. and other lichenologists (Nakanishi 1966, 1967, Moon are described as new to science. 1974, 1977, 1980, 1981, Kashiwadani et al. 2012), though they have been recently treated Materials and Methods under more than ten different genera (Nakanishi The present study is based on specimens et al. 2003, Lücking and Plata 2008, Lücking collected from Yakushima Island, southern Japan et al. 2009, Staiger 2002). In the course of by Kashiwadani and Moon in 2005 and 2012. our taxonomic study of lichens based on our Specimens reported in the present paper are collections from Yakushima Island in southern kept in the herbarium of the National Museum Japan, we found two new species of the family. of Nature and Science (TNS). Chemical In the present paper, Graphis plumbeidisca M. substances were studied by means of thin-layer —12— February 2014 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 89 No. 1 13 chromatography (Culberson and Johnson 1982). hymenium without inspersion, colorless spores Iodine reaction of hymenia and spores were with 3–4 transverse septa, 12–15 × 3.5–4.0 µm observed in Lugol’s iodine solution after treating in size and in producing no chemical substance. with 10% KOH solution. Sections of apothecia It resembles Graphis assimilis Nyl., a and thalli were cut by hand-razor and mounted species with an eastern palaeotropic distribution in GAW solution. From these, size and thickness (Lücking et al. 2009), which differs in having of thalli or sexual organs were obtained. a black disc, 7–12 septate larger spores (30–45 × 6–9 µm in size) and in producing norstictic Taxonomic treatment acid. It might be confused with G. palmicola Graphis plumbeidisca M. Nakan., Kashiw. Makhija & Adaw., a species described from & K. H. Moon, sp. nov. [Fig. 1. A–D] Nicobar Island, India (type not seen). However, Similis Graphi assimilis sed lirellis sparsim it is distinguished from G. plumbeidisca by the ramosis, discis epruinatis, sporis 3–4 locularis, leaden disc and the smaller ascospores with parvulus (12–15 µm longis, 3.5–4.0 µm latis) et 3–4 septa; G. palmicola has reddish brown thallo acido lichenis destitutis differt. disc and larger (21–29 µm in length) and more Thallus corticolous, pale yellow green or septate spores, with 4–12 septa (Makhija and dark khaki in herbaria (UV–), continuous or Adawadkar 2005). minutely rimose, esorediate, 50–70 µm thick. This species is so far known only from the Apothecia short to elongate, sparingly or narrow area around the type locality. It grows on irregularly branched, 3–5 mm long, 0.28–0.36 bark (Cornus?), at an elevation of about 1300 m. mm wide; lirellae erumpent, covered with Specimen examined: JAPAN. Kyushu. lateral thalline margins; labia black, entire in Prov. Ohsumi (Pref. Kagoshima): Around young stages, often with a longitudinal furrow Yodogawagoya-iriguchi, Yaku-cho, Kumage- with age; disc subnitid, without pruina; exciples gun. Yakushima Island, on bark, elevation about totally carbonized at both sides and below, 1300 m, September 27, 2005, K. H. Moon 6054 25–40 µm thick near the top, 10–12 µm thick (TNS). at side; hymenium clear and not inspersed, I–, 90–100 µm high; hypothecium 10–15 µm thick. Halegrapha yakushimensis M. Nakan. & Asci 8-spored; spores colorless (I + purple), 3–4 Kashiw. & K. H. Moon, sp. nov. transversely septate, 12–15 × 3.5–4.0 µm in [Fig. 1. E–H] size. No lichen substance is detected by TLC. Similis Halegrapha chimaea sed excipulis Type collection: JAPAN. Kyushu. Prov. omnino carbonaceis, hymeniis non-inspersis et Ohsumi (Pref. Kagoshima): En route from sporis muriformibus differt. Yodogawagoya to Hananoego, Yaku-cho, Thallus muscicolous or extending over Kumage-gun, Yakushima Island. On bark contiguous tree bark, greenish gray, continuous, (Cornus ?), elevation about 1500 m, March 14, smooth (UV–), 200–300 µm thick. Apothecia 2012, H. Kashiwadani 50576 (TNS –holotype). short, simple to very sparsely branched, up TLC: nil acid. to 1.6 mm long, 0.24–0.30 mm wide; lirellae MycoBank No.: MB 804362. erumpent, covered with thalline margins basally Graphis plumbeidisca is distinct from allied and laterally; labia entire or more or less striate species of the genus in having a combination with maturity; discs closed, rarely exposing of the following characters; erumpent lirellae narrow disc; disc dark reddish brown, epruinose; without striation, labia with lateral thalline exciples carbonized apically and basally, 100– margin, shiny and lead-gray discs without 110 µm thick at sides, 50–80 µm thick at base; pruina, completely carbonized exciples, clear hymenium clear, 300–310 µm high, I + pale 14 植物研究雑誌第 89 巻第 1 号 2014 年 2 月 Fig. 1. A–D. Graphis plumbeidisca M. Nakan., Kashiw. & K. H. Moon (H. Kashiwadani 50576, TNS). A. Habit. B. Cross section of apothecium, showing totally carbonized exciples. C. Spores (stained with iodine). D. Clear hymenium without inspersion. E–H. Halegrapha yakushimensis M. Nakan., Kashiw. & K. H. Moon (H. Kashiwadani 50569, TNS). E. Habit, showing smooth thallus and erumpent lirellae. F. Cross section of apothecium, showing totally carbonized exciples. G. Spores, showing small locules and thick walls. H. Hymenium with young spores. Scale bars = 1 mm (A, E), 100 µm (B, F), and 10 µm (C, D, G, H). blue; hypothecium colorless, 20–25 µm thick. Acer sp., elevation about 1500 m, March 14, Asci 8-spored; spores pale brown when mature 2012, H. Kashiwadani 50569 (TNS–holotype). (I–), muriform, 3–4/ 2–3 septate, 15–18 × 8–10 Chemistry: no chemical substance detected µm in size. Chemical substance absent (UV–). by TLC. Type collection: JAPAN. Kyushu, Prov. MycoBank No.: MB 804363. Ohsumi (Pref. Kagoshima): En route from Halegrapha yakushimensis is unique Yodogawagoya to Hananoego, Yaku-cho, in growing over mosses (Haplohymenium Kumage-gun, Yakushima Island, over mosses sieboldii) on trunk base and in having simple (Haplohymenium sieboldii) on trunk base of to sparsely branched lirellae, totally carbonized February 2014 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 89 No. 1 15 exciples, clear hymenia, pale brown, muriform J. Chrom. 238: 483–487. ascospores (3–4/2–3 lumina), 15–18 × 8–10 µm Kashiwadani H., Nakanishi M., Miyawaki H., Takeshita S., Ohmura Y, Tokizawa M. and Moon K. H. 2012. in size and in producing no chemical substance. Materials for the Distribution of Lichens in Japan (19) Although the taxonomic position for this species Leiorreuma yakushimense (M. Nakan.) M. Nakan. & is unclear, we tentatively place it in Halegrapha Kashiw. and Siphula decumbens Nyl. J. Jpn. Bot. 87: as it has a combination of characters such as 408–411. carbonized exciples, I + hymenium and brown Lücking R. and Plata E. R. 2008. Clave y Guía Ilustrada Para Géneros de Graphidaceae. Glalia 1: 1–41. ascospores (Lücking et al. 2011). However, it Lücking R., Archer A.W. and Aptroot A. 2009. A has discrepancy with all other species of the world-wide key to the genus Graphis (Ostropales: genus, e.g. in having negative iodine reaction Graphidaceae). The Lichenologist 41: 363–452. of spores and pale brown muriform ascospores Lücking R., Rivas Plata E., Kalb K., Common R.S., Barcenas Peña A. and Duya M.V. 2011. Halegrapha with small locules. It resembles H. chimaera (Ascomycota: Graphidaceae), an enigmatic new genus Rivas Plata & Lücking, a species reported from of tropical lichenized fungi dedicated to Mason E. Hale the Philippines, which differs in having exposed Jr. The Lichenologist 43: 331–343. lirellae, which are covered with thallus basally Makhija U. and Adawadkar B. 2005. Some new species of Graphis (Lichenized Ascomycota) from the Andaman and ellipsoid spores with 5–6 transverse septa. and Nicobar Islands of India. Mycotaxon 91: 369–379. This species grows over mosses but also Nakanishi M. 1966. Taxonomical studies on the family extends its thallus to the contiguous tree bark. Graphidaceae of Japan. J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., Ser. B, It is known only from the type locality and its Div. 2, Bot. 11: 51–131. Nakanishi M. 1967. Supplementary notes of “Taxonomical neighborhood at an elevation between 1400 to studies on the family Graphidaceae of Japan”. J. Sci. 1500 m.

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