Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 38(3), pp. 215-220, 2006.

Some Orb Weaver From Punjab, Pakistan

ABIDA BUTT AND AYSHA SIRAJ Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

Abstract.- theisi (Araneidae) is described from Pakistan. Cyrtophora citricola and Leucauge decorate are redescribed from the same area of Punjab, Pakistan. The diagnostic parts of the palpus and genetalia are drawn.

Key Words: Orb weaver, spiders, Pakistan.

INTRODUCTION square grid. All the specimens used in the study are housed in Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. fauna of Pakistan is very rich but no In the paper the following abbreviations are serious attention has been given to explore it. used: AME, anterior median eyes; PME, posterior Leucauge decorate (Tetragnathae) and Cyrtophora median eyes; ALE, anterior lateral eyes; PLE, citricola (Araneidae) were described by Dyal in posterior lateral eyes; D, dorsal; V, ventral; AL, 1935, while studying the fauna of Lahore. However, anterior lateral; PL, posterior lateral. Dyal (1935) did not report Neoscona theisi (Araneidae) from the area. It is now more common Neoscona theisi (Walckenaer) in the area than Cyrtophora citricola. Information (Fig. 1) about these is available from neighbouring countries: India (Stoliczka, 1869; Pocock, 1900; 1841 Epeira theis Walckenaer, Hist. Nat. Ins. Apt., Gravely, 1921, 1922; Tikader, 1962, 1970; Patel, 2: 53. 1975) and South and Southeast Asia (Barrion and 1847 Epeira mangareva: Walckenaer, Hist. Nat. Litsinger, 1995). In this paper these species have Ins. Apt ., 4 : 469. been redescribed and compared with the description 1869 Epeira birmanica: Stoliczka, J. Asiat. Soc. of Dyal (1935). Beng ., 38: 238. 1939 theisi: Saito, Saito Ho-onkai Mus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Res. Bull ., 18: 22. 1975 Araneus theisi: Patel, Vidya, J. Gujrat Univ., Specimens of the spiders were captured by 18 (1): 156. hand picking from different lawns and gardens of 1981 Neoscona theisi: Tikader and Bal, Rec. zool. Lahore city and rice fields located at the suburbs of Surv. India, Occ. Pap ., 24: 32 Lahore. After collection, specimens were stored in 1995 Neoscona theisi: Barrion and Litsinger, CAB mixture of 70% alcohol and glycerin for further International , pp. 626–628. study. The color of the specimens described is in the Redescription alcohol. All measurements are in millimeters. In Male measurements the sample range is followed by the General: Total length = 6.25-7.12(6.81±0.38) mean and standard deviation in parentheses. mm. Cephalothorax length = 3.12-3.75 (3.43±0.26) Spermatheca was examined by removing the mm, width = 2.75–3.12 (2.93±0.16) mm. Abdomen portion of body wall to which it was attached. This length = 3.00–3.87 (3.46±0.37) mm, width = 2.00 – portion was cleared in KOH solution, dyed with 2.25 (2.15±0.12) mm. chlorazol black E and then placed in glycerin on a Cephalothorax: Yellowish brown, with temporary slide. Drawings were made using eyepiece median and sub-median longitudinal brown bands, cephalic area narrower than thoracic area. Eight eyes in two recurved rows, AE row more recurved 0030-9923/2006/0003-0215 $ 8.00/0 Copyright 2006 Zoological Society of Pakistan. than PE row. Eye diameter (mm): AME = 0.10-0.14 216 A. BUTT AND A. SIRAJ

Table I.- Length of legs and pedipalp segments (mm) of both male and females of Neoscona theisi.

Leg I Leg II Leg III Leg IV Pedipalp

Male Coxa 0.87-1.12 (0.99±0.12) 0.75-1.00 (0.85±0.09) 0.75-1.00 (0.85±0.09) 0.75-1.00 (0.89±0.10) - Femur 3.75-4.50 (4.14±0.32) 3.25-4.00 (3.69±0.28) 2.37-2.75 (2.25±0.16) 3.75-5.00 (4.34±0.46) 0.87-1.12 (0.84±0.18) Patella 0.84-1.37 (1.12±0.19) 0.75-1.00 (0.87±0.08) 0.62-0.87 (0.72±0.10) 0.75-1.12 (0.92±0.14) 0.37±0.50 (0.43±0.09) Tibia 3.62-4.37 (4.04±0.33) 2.12-2.50 (2.32±0.14) 1.25-1.50 (1.34±0.10) 2.50-3.25 (2.92±0.30) 0.25-0.37 (0.31±0.08) Metatarsus 3.75-4.12 (3.92±0.14) 2.12-2.50 (2.34±0.16) 1.25-1.87 (1.56±0.26) 3.50-4.00 (3.79±0.18) - Tarsus 0.75-1.00 (0.85±0.09) 0.75-1.00 (0.89±0.10) 0.62-0.87 (0.72±0.10) 0.75-0.87 (0.82±0.06) 0.87±1.12 (0.99±0.17)

Female Coxa 0.87-1.00 (0.93 ±0.09) 0.75-1.00 (0.87±0.17) 0.75-0.87 (0.81±0.08) 1.00-1.12 (1.06±0.08) - Femur 2.50-3.25 (2.80±0.50) 2.25-2.50 (2.37±0.17) 1.62-2.12 (1.87±0.35) 2.50-3.12 (2.81±0.40) 0.87-1.75 (1.31±0.62) Patella 0.87-1.25 (1.06±0.26) 0.87-1.25 (1.06±0.26) 0.62-0.87 (0.74±0.17) 1.00-1.25 (1.12±0.17) 0.50-0.75 (0.62±0.17) Tibia 2.00-2.50 (2.25±0.35) 2.62-2.75 (2.68±0.09) 1.25±1.50 (1.37±0.17) 2.50-3.12 (2.18±0.43) 0.87-1.00 (0.93±0.09) Metatarsus 2.75-3.12 (2.81±0.43) 2.50-2.75 (2.62±0.17) 1.25-1.62 (1.43±0.26) 2.12-3.12 (2.62±0.70) - Tarsus 1.00-1.25 (1.12±0.17) 0.87-1.00 (0.93±0.09) 0.62-0.75 (0.68±0.09) 1.00-1.25 (1.12±0.17) 1.25-1.50 (1.37±0.17)

PME- PLE = 0.16–0.26 (0.21±0.03), AME- PME = 0.06 – 0.10 (0.08±0.02), ALE and PLE touching to each other. Ocular quadrangle wider in front than behind. Sternum heart shaped, brownish yellow with a white median band. Maxillae brown with broad distal end, and narrow base, inner margins of maxillae with dense scopulae. Labium wider than long (length = 0.18–0.25(0.22±0.03) mm and width = 0.37 – 0.50 (0.44±0.07) mm). Chelicerae vertical with four promarginal and three retromarginal teeth. Legs yellowish brown, spinous and slender, coxa I bears a ventroapical tooth; venter of femur I with one spine, 11= 12 spines, III =4 spines and IV = 6 spines, all in a row. Tibia II with 12-14 prolateral spines. Leg formula 1423 (Table I). Pedipalp slightly shorter than femur III, patella of pedipalp with two long spines, tibia subtriangular towords the lateral side of paracymbium, conductor small, rounded apically.

Abdomen Abdomen ovate with white median dagger like markings and brown band submedially. Venter Fig. 1. Neoscona theisi ; A, male dorsal of abdomen yellowish brown with brownish bands view; B, lateral view of padipalp; C, female on spinnerts. dorsal view; D, ventral view; E, lateral; F, dorsal and G, ventral views of epigynum. Female (0.12±0.01), ALE = 0.08 –0.12 (0.09±0.01), PME = General: Total length = 5.75–9.00 0.10–0.13 (0.11±0.01), PLE = 0.06- 0.10 (7.43±1.32) mm; cephalothorax length = 2.37–3.12 (0.08±0.01). Eyes separation (mm): AME-AME = (2.62±0.33) mm, width = 1.87- 2.75 (2.40±0.37) 0.08–0.15 (0.12±0.02), AME- ALE = 0.12–0.18 mm. Abdomen length = 3.12–5.50 (4.59±1.02) mm, (0.14±0.02), PME–PME = 0.02-0.07 (0.05±0.02), width = 2.37-4.37 (3.74±0.93) mm. ORB WEAVER FROM PAKISTAN 217

Cephalothorax: Similar to male. Eye wide. Abdomen 4.12–6.62 (5.42±0.92) mm long diameter (mm): AME= 0.10-0.12 (0.11±0.008), and 0.17–3.12 (2.18±11.15) mm wide. ALE = 0.05–0.10 (0.08±0.02), PME = 0.11–0.12 Cephalothorax yellowish, legs brown yellowish, (0.11±0.004), PLE = 0.05–0.10 (0.07±0.01). Eyes abdomen silvery white with black patches. separation (mm): AME–AME = 0.05–0.12 (0.08±0.03), AME–ALE = 0.19–0.35 (0.25±0.06), PME-PME = 0.04–0.06 (0.04±0.01), PME–PLE = 0.21–0.40 (0.29±0.08), AME–PME =0.05–0.12 (0.08±0.03). ALE and PLE touching to each other. Ocular quardrangle, sternum, labium and chelicerae similar to male. Spination on femur and tibia different from male: femur I = 0 – 1, II = 0–14 in two rows, III=0–7, IV = 0–2; Spination on tibia II = 3–6. Leg formula similar to male (Table I).

Abdomen Similar to male. Epigynum long, slender, subparallel to body in lateral view.

Material examined Pakistan: Lahore, rice field, five females and four males, August–September, 2004; University of the Punjab, six: females and three males, September–October, 2004; Jallo Park, five females, October, 2004.

Leucauge decorate (Blackwall) (Fig. 2)

1864 Tetragnatha decorate Blackwall, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist ., 14 (3): 44. 1869 Nephila angustata: Stoliczka, J. Asiat. Soc. Beng., 38 : 241. 1900 Agyrocperia celebesiana: Pocock, Fauna

Brit. India, Arachn. , : 216. 1921 Leucauge decorate: Gravely, Rec. Indian Fig. 2. Leucauge decorate ; A, female Mus ., 22 (4): 454. dorsal view; epigynum, dorsal (B) and ventral 1935 Leucauge decorata: Dyal, Bull. Zool. Punjab (C) views. Univ ., 1: 187 -188. 1962 Leucauge decorate: Tikader, J. Linn. Soc ., Cephalothorax: longer than wide, scarcely 44(300): 564. clothed with hairs, clypeal margin brownish, 1975 Leucauge decorate: Patel, Vidya, J. Gujrat cephalic region elevated and narrower than thoracic Univ ., 18(1): 156. region; fovea with trifid arm posteriorly. Eight eyes in two recurved rows, AE row strongly recurved Redescription than PE row, eyes margins with black ring. Eye Female diameter (mm): AME = PME = 0.07–0.12 General: Total length = 5.62-8.87 (0.11±0.01), ALE = 0.06–0.11 (0.09±0.01), PLE = (7.42±1.16) mm. Cephalothorax 1.75–2.75 0.05–0.09 (0.08±0.01). Eyes separation (mm): AME (1.91±1.32) mm long and 1.37–2.12 (1.53±0.8) mm AME = 0.05-0.08 (0.06±0.01), AME–ALE = PME– 218 A. BUTT AND A. SIRAJ

Table II.- Length of legs and pedipalp segments (mm) of female of Leucauge decorate.

Leg I Leg II Leg III Leg IV Pedipalp

Coxa 0.75 -1.00 (0.83±0.10) 0.5-1.12 3.87±0.22) 0.37 -0.68 (2.79±0.12) 0.37-0.75 (0.59±0.13) - Femur 3.75-5.5 (4.95±0.70) 2.75-4.75 (4.05±0.83) 1.50-2.75 (2.15±0.45) 2.62-4.37 (3.77±0.84) 0.75-1.25 (1.02±0.22) Patella 0.75-1.12 (0.92±0.16) 0.50-1.12 (0.77±0.22) 0.37 -0.62 (0.52±0.10) 0.50-0.75 (0.62±0.08) 0.31-0.62 (0.43±0.12) Tibia 3.50-5.62 (4.87±0.82) 2.37-4.25 (3.32±0.67) 0.75-1.50 (1.29±0.31) 2.00-3.37 (2.79±0.54) 0.37-0.75 (0.52±0.16) Metatarsus 4.12-6.12 (5.37±0.81) 2.25-4.75 (3.22±1.75) 1.25-2.25 (1.72±0.41) 2.37-3.75 (3.12±0.60) - Tarsus 1.12-1.50 (1.34±0.13) 1.00-1.25 (1.09±0.10) 0.62-0.75 (0.64±0.05) 0.75-1.37 (0.94±0.25) 0.87-1.37 (1.12±0.19

PIE = 0.11–0.20 (0.14±0.3), PME–PME=0.06–0.11 eight females, September–October, 2004; Jallo Park, (0.08±0.01), AME–PME = 0.03–0.05 (0.04±0.01), five females, October, 2004. ALE and PLE touching to each other. Sternum heart shaped, brown, covered with hairs, pointed behind, Remarks deeply indented margin, bears apical transverse row The specimens studied in present paper differ of 18 erect brown hair. Maxillae brown with broad from the description of Dyal (1935) in some distal end, narrow base and indented opposite base characters. According to Dyal (1935) description, in of labium, inner margin of maxillae with dense Leucauge decorata lateral eyes are nearer to the scopulae. labium brownish yellow, wider than long medians, abdomen more than three time as long as (length = 0.18–0.25 (0.20±0.03) mm and width = broad, colour of abdomen green and venter of 0.31-0.50 (0.38±0.13) mm. Chelicerae yellow at abdomen bears a pair of crescent shaped white base and brownish at distal end, promargin and patches. In examined specimens median eyes close retromargin with three and four teeth, respectively. to each other than laterals; abdomen not always Legs with some stout spines on femur, patella, tibia three time as long as broad, colour of abdomen and metatarsus; distal end of legs with black ring. black and venter of abdomen without crescent Dorsobasal of femur I with two rows of 13 shaped patches. trichobothria and seven prolateral spines, II with 10 Cyrtophora citricola (Forskal) spines, III with 6 spines and prolateral surface of the (Fig. 3) proximal half of femur IV with 33 trichobothria. Tibial spination (D, V, AL, PL): I = 3–0–3–3, II = 2-0–3–2, III = 1-0–0–0, IV = 2–0–2–2. Tarsi three clawed; leg formula 1243 (Table II).

Abdomen Elongated, anterior end provided with two prominent humps and caudal end with one upward directed hump, dorsum of abdomen decorated with silvery white and black patches and lines. Ventral side with silvery white longitudinal bands extended from epigastric furrow to spinnerets.

Male Unknown.

Material examined Fig. 3. Cyrtophora citricola , A, female Pakistan: Lahore, rice-field, six females, dorsal view; Dorsal B, and ventral C, views of August–September, 2004; University of the Punjab, epigynum. ORB WEAVER FROM PAKISTAN 219

Table III.- Length of legs and pedipalp segments (mm) of female of Cyrtophora citricola.

Leg I Leg II Leg III Leg IV Pedipalp

Coxa 0.62-0.87 (0.77±0.10) 0.75-0.87 (0.77±0.05) 0.62-0.87 (0.72±0.10) 0.75-0.87 (0.79±0.06) - Femur 2.25-2.50 (2.40±0.13) 2.12-2.75 (2.44±0.20) 1.00-1.75 (1.39±0.32) 1.75-2.12 (2.02±0.16_ 0.62-0.87 (0.79±0.11) Patella 0.62-0.87 (0.72±0.10) 0.62-0.87 (0.77±0.10) 0.50-0.62 (0.59±0.05) 0.75-0.87 (0.77±0.05) 0.50-0.75 (0.62±0.08) Tibia 2.00-2.37 (2.09±0.16) 1.62-2.12 (1.84±0.18) 0.87-1.12 (1.02±0.10) 1.37-1.75 (1.54±0.14) 0.50-0.62 (0.50±0.05) Metatarsus 1.62-2.00 (1.77±0.16) 1.25-1.75 (1.52±0.18) 0.87-1.00 (0.92±0.07) 1.50-1.75 (1.59±0.10) - Tarsus 0.87-1.00 (0.92±0.07) 0.62-0.87 (0.79±0.11) 0.50-0.75 (0.62±0.08) 0.75-0.87 (0.77±0.05) 0.75-0.87 (0.77±0.05)

1900 Araneus citricola: Pocock , Fauna Brit. India, Abdomen Arachn. , : 226. Anteriorly high and strongly overlap 1935 Cyrtophora citricola: Dyal, Bull. Zool. cephalothorax, thickly clothed with pubesence and Punjab Univ ., 1: 174. hair. Dorsum of abdomen provided with one pair of 1962 Cyrtophora citricola: Tikader, J. Linn. Soc ., shoulder humps at middle and one pair of lateral 44 (300): 562. humps at middle and one pair of bifid caudal humps, 1975 Cyrtophora citricola: Patel, Vidya, J. Gujrat five pairs of distinct segilla arranged mid Univ ., 18 (1): 155. longitudinally. Epigynum with broad and small scape with prominent rim.

Redescription Male Female Unknown General: Total length = 5.25–8.50 (6.39±1.35) mm. Cephalothorax 2.12 -2.50 (2.39±0.16) mm long Material examined and 2.00–2.50 (2.27±0.20) mm wide. Abdomen Pakistan: Lahore: eight female from the 3.00–6.00 (3.87±1.25) mm long and 2.25–3.87 gardens of University of Punjab, November, 2004. (2.79±0.69) mm wide.

Cephalothorax: Brownish with yellowish Remarks patches, slightly longer than wide, narrowing The specimens studied differ from the anteriorly, very broad posteriorly, clothed with grey description of Dyal (1935) in following characters. pubescence, thoracic region slightly high. Eight eyes According to Dyal (1935), in Cyrtophora citricola in two rows, both rows of eyes strongly recurved. thoracic region light blue in colour; ocular quad Eye diameter (mm): AME= 0.09-0.12 (0.10±0.01), little longer than wide; sternum pointed apically, ALE = 0.05–0.10 (0.07±0.01), PME = 0.06–0.09 with a yellow median band. In examined specimens (0.07±0.01), PLE = 0.05-0.09 (0.07±0.01). Eyes thoracic region is brown; ocular quad wider than separation (mm): AME–AME = 0.12–0.16 long; sternum pointed distally and without any (0.14±0.01), AME–ALE = 0.08-0.13 (0.08±0.04), median band. PME–PME = 0.08–0.12 (0.10±0.01), PME – PLE =

0.13-0.22 (0.18±0.02), AME–PME = 0.04–0.05 REFERENCES (0.04±0.01), ALE–PLE = 0.03–0.04 (0.03±0.01).

Median ocular quadrangle forming a trapezium BARRION, A.T. AND LITSINGER, J. A., 1995. Riceland situated on elevation, wider in front than behind. spiders of South and Southeast Asia. CAB International, Labium wider than long (length = 0.18-0.25 1-736. (0.22±0.03) mm and width = 0.37-0.50 (0.44±0.01 BLACKWALL, J., 1864. Description of seven new species of mm), light yellow and provided with distinct East Indian Spiders received from the Rev. O. P. scopulae. Chelicerae strong, promargin and Cambridge. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist ., 14 : 36–45. retromargin with four and three teeth, respectively. DYAL, S., 1935. Fauna of Lahore. Bull. Zool. Punjab Univ ., 1: Legs short, strong, stout, clothed with pubescence 119–252. (Table III). GRAVELY, F.H., 1921. Some Indian spiders of the subfamily Tetragnathinae. Rec. Indian Mus ., 22 : 423–459. 220 A. BUTT AND A. SIRAJ

PATEL, B. H., 1975. Studies on some spiders of the family Indian Arachnoidea. J. Asiat. Soc. Beng ., 38 : 201–251. ' Argiopidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Gujrat, India. TIKADER, B. K., 1962. Studies on some Indian spiders "Vidya". J. Gujrat Univ ., 18 : 153 -167. (Araneae: Arachnida). J. Linn. Soc. Lond ., 44 : 561–584. POCOCK, R. I., 1900. The Fauna of British India, Arachnida , TIKADER, B.K. AND BAL, A., 1981. Studies on some orb- London, pp. 1–217. weaving spiders of the genera Neoscona Simon and SAITO, S., 1939. On the spider from Tohoku (North most part Araneus Clerck of the family Araneidae (= Argiopidae) of the main Island). Japan Saito Ho-onkai Mus. Res. from India. Rec. zool. Surv. India, Occ. Pap. , 24 : 1–60. Bull. (Zool.) , 18 : 1-91. STOLICZKA, F., 1869. Contribution towards the knowledge of (Received 1 July 2005, revised 12 November 2005)