Les Partenariats Des Bibliothèques Publiques En France Et Au Royaume-Uni

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Les Partenariats Des Bibliothèques Publiques En France Et Au Royaume-Uni Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense UFR SITEC Master 2 Sciences de l’Information et de la Communication Métiers du livre (option bibliothèque) Lucie Henry Les partenariats des bibliothèques publiques en France et au Royaume-Uni Des instruments stratégiques ? 2009-2010 Sous la direction de Monsieur Michel Bruillon Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense UFR SITEC Master 2 Sciences de l’Information et de la Communication Métiers du livre (option bibliothèque) Lucie Henry Les partenariats des bibliothèques publiques en France et au Royaume-Uni Des instruments stratégiques ? 2009-2010 Sous la direction de Monsieur Michel Bruillon L‟Université de Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense n‟entend donner aucune approbation ou improbation aux opinions émises dans le mémoire. Ces opinions doivent être considérées comme propres à leur auteur. * * * Remerciements Mes remerciements vont en premier lieu à Monsieur Michel Bruillon, qui a dirigé ce mémoire, pour ses conseils et son soutien. Je remercie également les professionnels, en France et au Royaume-Uni, qui ont accepté de m‟accorder un entretien et de partager avec moi leurs réflexions et questionnements. Merci enfin à mes proches pour leur soutien et leur relecture attentive. Sommaire Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 9 Méthodologie ............................................................................................................................... 16 Chapitre 1 : Partenariat et stratégie : Définitions et objectifs .......................... 27 1.1. Stratégie .......................................................................................................................... 29 1.1.1. Qu‟est-ce que la stratégie ? .................................................................................... 29 1.1.1.1. Du vocabulaire militaire à l’usage généralisé ......................................................... 29 1.1.1.2. La stratégie d’entreprise ....................................................................................... 30 1.1.2. Stratégie et bibliothèques ....................................................................................... 33 1.1.2.1. Parle-t-on de stratégie dans les bibliothèques ? ...................................................... 33 1.1.2.2. Quelles stratégies pour les bibliothèques ? ............................................................. 34 1.2. Partenariat ...................................................................................................................... 37 1.2.1. Qu‟est-ce qu‟un partenariat ? ................................................................................ 37 1.2.1.1. Le partenariat en entreprise : définitions et terminologie ........................................ 37 1.2.1.2. Le partenariat en bibliothèque : définitions et terminologie .................................... 38 1.2.2. Pourquoi un partenariat ? ...................................................................................... 41 1.2.2.1. La place du partenariat dans la stratégie.............................................................. 41 1.2.2.2. Les objectifs et intérêts du partenariat .................................................................. 44 Chapitre 2 : Partenariat et stratégie : Mettre en place les partenariats ....... 49 2.1. Outils d’analyse et critères de choix ....................................................................... 51 2.1.1. Déterminer la nécessité du partenariat ................................................................ 51 2.1.1.1. La nécessité d’une analyse globale de l’entreprise ................................................... 51 2.1.1.2. Une sélection sous contraintes en bibliothèque ? .................................................... 53 2.1.1.3. Partenariats des bibliothèques et analyse stratégique ............................................. 57 2.1.2. Choisir ses partenaires ........................................................................................... 61 6 | P a g e 2.1.2.1. Questions de territoires ........................................................................................ 61 2.1.2.2. Questions d’acteurs .............................................................................................. 62 2.2. Les différents partenaires........................................................................................... 65 2.2.1. Une typologie comparative des partenariats en bibliothèque .......................... 65 2.2.1.1. Les partenariats interbibliothèques : plus ou moins développés ............................... 65 2.2.1.2. Les partenaires institutionnels : toujours privilégiés ............................................... 68 2.2.1.3. Le quartier et la « community » : viviers de partenaires ........................................ 70 2.2.1.4. Les partenariats culturels : une spécificité française ? ............................................ 72 2.2.1.5. Quelques remarques complémentaires ................................................................... 74 2.2.2. Typologie des partenariats en entreprise ............................................................. 74 Chapitre 3 : Partenariat et stratégie : Gérer les partenariats ............................ 76 3.1. Du contrat de départ à l’évaluation finale : la formalisation du partenariat78 3.1.1. L‟établissement d‟un contrat ................................................................................. 78 3.1.2. La nécessité de l‟évaluation ................................................................................... 82 3.1.2.1. A quoi mesure-t-on le succès ? ............................................................................. 83 3.1.2.2. Quelles formes pour l’évaluation ? ........................................................................ 84 3.2. Gérer les difficultés du partenariat .......................................................................... 87 3.2.1. Le partenariat, un organisme vivant ..................................................................... 87 3.2.2. Les obstacles au partenariat................................................................................... 90 3.2.2.1. Le manque de temps et de moyens ........................................................................ 91 3.2.2.2. Des difficultés de communication .......................................................................... 93 3.2.2.3. Des décalages entre partenaires............................................................................. 95 3.3. Les facteurs clés de succès ........................................................................................ 98 3.3.1. Une gestion adaptée du partenariat ...................................................................... 98 3.3.1.1. Humilité, opportunisme et ascendant stratégique ................................................... 98 3.3.1.2. Dynamisme, souplesse et remise en question .......................................................... 99 3.3.1.3. Instauration de procédures ................................................................................. 100 3.3.2. Une relation de travail idéale ............................................................................... 101 3.3.2.1. Savoir construire en commun.............................................................................. 101 3.3.2.2. Avoir un dialogue de qualité .............................................................................. 102 7 | P a g e Chapitre 4 : Partenariat et stratégie : Des élus aux publics, enjeux de pouvoir, de visibilité et d'image....................................................................................... 105 4.1. Le pouvoir : enjeu essentiel des partenariats ? .................................................. 107 4.1.1. Pouvoir, partenariats et entreprises .................................................................... 107 4.1.2. Pouvoir, partenariats et bibliothèques ............................................................... 108 4.2. Partenariats, bibliothécaires et élus : quelles influences ? ............................. 112 4.2.1. Elus et partenariats imposés ................................................................................ 113 4.2.2. Interactions et influences mutuelles ................................................................... 116 4.2.3. Elus et visibilité ..................................................................................................... 118 4.3. Quelle prise en compte des publics dans les partenariats ? .......................... 121 4.3.1. Comment prendre en compte les publics ? ...................................................... 121 4.3.2. Des évidences et des difficultés .......................................................................... 123 4.4. Partenariats : quels enjeux pour l’image de la bibliothèque ? ...................... 125 4.4.1. Des changements identitaires ............................................................................. 125 4.4.2. Bonne et mauvaise image .................................................................................... 126 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 130 Bibliographie .............................................................................................................................. 134 Table des illustrations
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