Extensions-Of REMARKS LINE-ITEM LEASH on RUNAWAY Many Believe Have a Very Questionable Place Record, the Idle Hope That Congress Can SPENDING in the Constitution

September 27, 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25971 EXTENSIONs-oF REMARKS LINE-ITEM LEASH ON RUNAWAY many believe have a very questionable place record, the idle hope that Congress can SPENDING in the Constitution. Its spending and taxing somehow be induced to return to responsi restraints may not allow for an emergency, bility or to discipline itself. What we desper such as a war or a natural disaster. ately need is an outside curb on the current HON. PHIUP M. CRANE Perhaps the main objection to the bal unrestrained power of Congress to spend. OF ILLINOIS anced-budget amendment is that it puts at How has this license come about? Doesn't IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES least as much emphasis on obliging Con the president have the same power to veto gress to raise taxes to achieve a balance as it Tuesday, September 27, 1983 appropriation bills as he has to veto other does on cutting expenditures. This mistakes measures? Theoretically he does. But Con e Mr. PHILIP M. CRANE. Mr. Speak the nature of the problem. The real evil in gress has perfected the device of throwing er, with a $200 billion deficit in fiscal the budgets of the past half century has in pork-barrel, log-rolling and other vote year 1983 the Federal Government is been growing, reckless outlays, and not the buying appropriations with those that the heading into the worst economic disas deficits per se. president needs to carry on the government. If federal expenditures are at a reasonable In addition, Congress has perfected the ter our Nation has ever faced. It is our level, there isn't any great problem in find runaway spending that has put us in practice of passing its appropriation bills at ing the taxes to pay for them. But the the very end of a session, so that if the this situation and if we continue down higher the spending, the more formidable president vetoed a typical omnibus spending this path, I fear that America as we the taxing problem becomes. Taxes always bill in order to get rid of an objectionable know it will not be here for our grand undermine incentives, sales, employment item, he would be left without any money at children to enjoy. It is time to face and production. The higher the taxes, the all. So far as appropriations bills are con this fact and it is time to take action. greater the harm they do to the whole econ cerned, Congress has usurped total power. Henry Hazlitt offers us hope in an omy. Beyond a certain point, raising tax The presidential veto has been reduced to a inspiring commentary, which appeared rates brings in lower revenues. nullity. in the Wall Street Journal on Septem LIPPMANN'S PROPOSED REMEDY The cure for this would be a constitution ber 9. He correctly points out that the All this may seem too obvious to mention, al amendment granting the president power problem rests with Congress. In order but it is persistently overlooked. This first to reduce or veto individual items in appro struck me forcefully when I encountered a priation bills. to please constituents and interest New York Herald-Tribune column on March This isn't a new proposal; it has a long his groups, Congress all too readily in 5, 1959, in which Walter Lippmann com tory. There isn't any evidence, it is true, cludes extraneous appropriations in plained: "Both parties are pretending that that the question was even discussed in the the budget it passes. Because the they are struggling to balance the budget. Constitutional Convention of 1787. But by President must accept or reject an ap In fact neither the Administration nor the the time of the Civil War, when the Confed propriations bill in its entirety, he has Congress shows any sign of being willing to erate states delegates met to frame their no choice other than to pass these vote the taxes which are absolutely essen own constitution, the problem had been rec padded bills in order to insure vital ap tial if the budget is to be balanced." ognized. And they specifically provided for propriations. Since Congress will never Mr. Lippmann's proposed remedy followed the presidential item veto. In 1867, Presi from his initial assumption that all the dent Andrew Johnson complained that Con stop its pork-barreling, Mr. Hazlitt spending already going on, plus a great deal gress had thrown, objectionable provisions contends that a constitutional amend more, was absolutely necessary. into a section of an appropriations act that ment granting the President line-item The fallacy of trying to balance the "virtually deprives the President of his con veto power on appropriations bills is budget mainly with increased taxes can stitutional functions as Commander in necessary to put an end to this non most easily be recognized if we look at the Chief of the Army." He felt forced, never sense. Someone must stand up and budget record since, say, this Lippmann pro theless, to give his approval to the measure, take responsibility-it is clear that posal. "but to accompany it with my protest." Congress will not. Mr. Hazlitt suggests In fiscal 1959 the deficit was $12.9 billion Then, President ffiysses S. Grant asked because, though budget receipts were $79.2 Congress in 1873 to amend the Constitution that we allow the President to do so. billion, outlays were $92.1 billion. In 1960 "to authorize the Executive to approve of so I urge my colleagues to take a few taxes were higher, and revenues jumped to much of any measure passing the two minutes to read the following article. $92.4 billion, enough to have balanced the houses of Congress as his judgment may dic Mr. Hazlitt gives us a viable solution 1959 budget. They did achieve a small sur tate, without approving the whole, the dis one that warrants serious consider plus-for one year. But in 1961 spending was approved portion or portions to be subject ation by each and every Member of raised to $97.8 billion, and deficits came to the same rules as now." Presidents Ruth Congress. back. erford B. Hayes, in 1879, and Chester A. [From the Wall Street Journal, Sept. 9, If we now look at 1983, the estimate of Arthur, in 1882, repeated this recommenda 1983] budget receipts is $598.3 billion, nearly eight tion, though confining it to appropriation times such receipts in 1959. But to no avail. measures. LINE-ITEM LEASH ON RUNAWAY SPENDING Spending has increased far more, leaving us Franklin D. Roosevelt was the next presi (By Henry Hazlitt) with a prospective deficit of $210 billion, the dent to ask for the item veto, followed by We have had 45 federal deficits in the highest ever. Dwight D. Eisenhower. Harry S Truman in past 53 years, and uninterrupted deficits in If we carry the record back to 1931, when his "Memoirs" wrote: "One important lack the past 15 years. our string of deficits began, we find we have in the presidential veto power, I believe, is There are two ways of preventing or increased our revenues 193 times. Even al authority to veto individual items in appro ending deficits. One is to cut spending, and lowing for the inflation that the deficits priation bills." the other to increase taxes. We can, of themselves have largely brought about, Despite this long history, Congress has course, try a little of both. Congress has increased our tax burden 30 done precisely nothing. The apparently in This is the approach contemplated in the times in real terms-without stopping the soluble problem that confronts us is how to balanced-budget constitutional amendment deficits. get congressmen voluntarily to give up or before Congress. Even many of those people So let us finally drop the delusion that we share a power that they have managed to who have reservations favor this amend can pay for any level of spending by raising usurp. ment on the ground that something is taxes. That myth has been leading us only If we can't get two-thirds of Congress vol better than nothing. But the proposal raises toward increased unemployment and eco untarily to submit to the states an amend serious questions. It is complicated. It im nomic stagnation. And let us finally put ment giving the president the item veto, poses detailed directions on Congress that aside, also, after the past half century's how can we get around this obstacle?

<4> of the Bilin children and slashing the resources avail tion would cause: gual Education Act). In fact, Task Force able to districts which have chosen to imple 1. Massive increases in the importation member Dr. Carlos Hortas of Hunter Col ment dual-language programs.e and inevitable exploitation of temporary lege in New York City dissented from the workers; recommendation, saying: "It is unquestion 2. Significant increases in the existing able that all students must learn to speak, THE SIMPSON/MAZZOLI IMMI back-logs of visa applications; read, and write English in order to function GRATION AND REFORM ACT 3. Cut-backs in the already minimal, but in our society. Nonetheless, bilingual pro OF 1983 essential, due process rights in proceedings grams in which children are taught in Eng before the Immigration and Naturalization lish and in their native language are essen Service; tial if we are to provide a healthy learning HON. JUUAN C. DIXON 4. An ineffective "amnesty" program environment for children of limited English OF CALIFORNIA which will deny legalization to the great ability." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES majority of undocumented workers, while Dr. Hortas further stated that "no bilin creating a massive pool of exploitable "tem gual program in the United States promotes Tuesday, September 27, 1983 porary resident" workers, and threatening another language as a substitute for Eng • Mr. DIXON. Mr. Speaker, an issue thousands of immigrant families with mass lish. In fact, intensive English instruction is of particualr concern in Los Angeles is deportations; a part of every bilingual program." Further the Simpson/Mazzoli Immigration and 5. Reduction of lawful immigration for more, the Chairman of the Task Force, Dr. Reform Act of 1983. family reunification purposes, while increas Robert Wood, this week sent a clarifying ing lawful immigration opportunities for message to hearings on bilingual education Although it is agreed that immigra those of wealth ; and and in fact reiterated the value of bilingual trying to develop a workable solution, 6. Discrimination against minorities and education program. Public comments laud the legislation pending before the unnecessary hardships for U.S. employers, ing "immersion" have indeed been made by House will not accomplish fair and labor unions and employees, through imple Task Force member Dr. Diane Ratvich, but compassionate reform. mentation of the employer sanctions pro Dr. Ratvich does not speak for the Task gram. Force, and her recommendations were not I would like to share with my col For all of the above reasons, we urge that stated in the report. leagues a statement supported by sev further Congressional consideration of a Times Statement: "Far from eliminating eral religious leaders and organiza comprehensive overhaul of the Immigration bilingual programs, as its critics charge, the tions under the auspices of the Episco and Nationality Act be deferred in this Con [Administration's] bill would make profi- pal Diocese of Los Angeles. Although I gress. 25992 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 27, 1983 We urge your opposition to the Simpson/ Nothing speaks plainer than the all of the increase in coal production Mazzoll legislation, and hope that a more facts and we have already witnessed let alone take away some percentage humane and comprehensive bill can be pre the potential of a coal slurry pipeline pared for and considered in the next Con of the market that railroads already gress. to reduce transportation costs. Just re have. In other words, there is room in Sincerely Yours, cently two railroads and a coal slurry the coal transportation market for Most Reverend Juan Arzube, Roman pipeline bid on a long-term contract to both railroads and slurry pipelines and Catholic Archdiocese, Los Angeles; supply coal to Arkansas Power and · both ought to have the opportunity to Bishop Stanley E. Olson, Pacific Light Co. In announcing its decision to compete. Southwest Synod, Lutheran Church in sign a 20 year contract with one of the In conclusion, Mr. Speaker, coal America; Reverend Eugene C. Bouti railroads, Arkansas Power calculated a slurry pipelines are an idea whose time lier, Executive Director, So. California direct savings of $16.5 billion to its Ecumenical Council; Mark Ridley has come. The marketplace will ulti Thomas, Exec. Director, Southern customers as a result of very favorable mately decide whether they are com Christian Leadership Conference/Los contract terms. The president of the petitive and whether they will survive Angeles; Dr. Charles A. Malotte, Exec utility stated that the mere possibility but the Congress, today, will decide utive Pastor, Southern California of competition from a slurry pipeline whether they even have a chance to Region, Christian Church ; The Rev. Canon Morris yet-was a significant factor in getting traordinary circumstances of my Samuel, Cathedral Congregation, Epis the railroads to offer such favorable father-in-law's death, I would have copal Diocese of Los Angeles; Dr. Igna terms. That is the type of competition cio Castuera, Los Angeles District Su cast my vote in favor of H.R. 1010.e perintendent, United Methodist which benefits the consumer and that Church; The Reverend Bryan Jones, is what is important to me. Co-Rector, Epiphany Parish, Episco Congress has repeatedly declared UNIVERSITY HELPS SAVE A pal Diocese of Los Angeles; Father that reduction of our dangerous de FACTORY FROM DOOM John D. Noble, Hispanic Commission, pendence on foreign supplies of energy Episcopal Diocese of Los Angeles; The by increasing our production and use HON. RICHARD C. SHELBY Rev. Canon Oliver B. Garver, Jr., As of American coal, is a national priori sistant to the Bishop, Episcopal Dio ty. The coal slurry pipeline is this OF ALABAMA cese of Los Angeles; The Rev. Dr. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thomas Kilgore, Jr., Pastor, Second Congress' opportunity to prove it be Baptist Church of Los Angeles; Presi lieves in that priority. A strong and Tuesday, September 27, 1983 dent, The Black Agenda; Dr. George competitive transportation system, e Mr. SHELBY. Mr. Speaker, in years Cole, Assoc. Executive, Synod of consisting of railroads and slurry pipe past, ports and portages provided out Southern California & Hawaii, Presby lines, will help the United States de lets for the commercial development terian Church, U.S.A.; Dr. Elias velop its coal reserves more quickly from which this country prospered. Galvan, Executive, Council of Minis and increase this country's energy self Trade, transportation, finance, and tries, Pacific Southwest Conference, sufficiency. United Methodist Church; Mardy manufacturing all started in or around Olivas, American Bible Society; Dr. I think it is important to note that such openings to the world. Today, Fred P. Register, Conference Minister, this bill simply gives coal slurry pipe with the advent of advanced modern Southern California Conference, lines a chance to compete. It does not technology and the realization that in United Church of Christ; Reverend place on the taxpayers the burden of formation is a country's ultimate Norman S. Johnson, Pastor, Greater paying for the multimillion dollar con power source, it is becoming apparant Faith Baptist Church; and Reverends struction costs of a pipeline. Those that our universities and colleges are Philip Zwerling and John Marsh, First companies choosing to build a pipeline Unitarian Church of Los Angeles.e the ports and conduits of future com will have to find their own capital to mercial development. Brain power, not finance construction. In this country, river power, is fast rendering our tradi H.R. 1010 competition and private initiative are tional assumptions about commerce the very foundation on which we have obsolete. HON •.LARRY J. HOPKINS grown and prospered for the last 200 In a world that too often forgets the OF KENTUCKY years. If Congress still believes in educational roots from which our these principles we should allow every prosperity is derived, we are some IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES one to have the opportunity to com Tuesday, September 27, 1983 times awakened by the sleeping giant pete. This legislation simply gives coal of academia. Recent instances have e Mr. HOPKINS. Mr. Speaker, I was slurry pipelines a chance to prove shown that higher education, that bas not present in the House today, Tues themselves in the marketplace. tion of erudite esoterics, has climbed day, September 27, during consider Allegations have been made that the down from its ivory tower of anonymi ation and final passage of This cost is passed along to the util Further, coal production is expected TuscALoosA, ALA. Sept. 20.-Last fall, the ity's customers in their monthly elec to increase substantially over the next betting among the 200 workers employed at the Rochester Products carburetor plant tric bills. If the coal slurry pipeline several years. According to the Depart here was that they would be out of work can reduce those transportation costs, ment of Energy, even if all of the pro before Christmas. then I believe Congress has the re posed coal slurry pipelines were to be The General Motors Corporation said the sponsibility to make sure such pipe built and were to operate at maximum small factory, which has made replacement lines can be built. capacity, they still could not transport carburetors for G.M. cars for 20 years, was September 27, 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25993 no longer profitable. Even after carrying When the agreement was announced in ral resources-gold, timber, bauxite and fer out $1.5 million worth of cost-cutting meas January, the plant was described by G.M. as tile land-yet the economy is stagnant and ures, G.M. said it would have to trim yet an an "applied research facility" and an experi the people are getting poorer. Your task is other $500,000 a year from the operating mental model for the "factory of the to reverse the country's decline. If you fail, budget of the Rochester Products plant to future." you may be deposed and shot. keep it open. University officials are also delighted with That is the position in which many lead That is when officials of G.M. and the results of the program, which affords stu ers of Mrican countries find themselves. Ev United Automobile Workers joined commu dents operating experience in an industrial erybody knows the economic and political nity leaders in asking the University of Ala setting. mire in which these nations are stuck. But bama, the community's largest employer In one instance, students from the univer the problems all too often are glibly attrib and its dominant institution for help. sity's home economics department have uted to government incompetence and cor The university agreed in January to an been using the factory to test the durability ruption. The stereotype is of a dictator experimental program in which it would of fabrics worn by workers. Meanwhile, stu whose own stupidity, if not that of his coun send its students and faculty into the plant dent nurses are helping to staff the plant's trymen, is responsible for the mess. over three years to find ways to streamline medical stations. What the stereotypes and glib talk fail to operations, cut costs and make the factory The program was not without risk for the portray, however, is the depth of the prob more competitive. university. Under the agreement, the uni lem these countries face in modernizing. So In a joint announcement involving the versity pledged to pay General Motors consider for a moment what you would do company and the union, the university re $500,000 a year for access to the plant. Then to extricate your country from the mess. ported this month that it had already iden any cost savings that the university found First, a bit of information about your tified $470,000 in annual cost savings that would be deducted from the rent. country, Ghana. It is slightly smaller than the automobile maker had promised to "If we had failed, at the end of three Oregon and is situated in the bulge of West carry out. In addition, the university said it years we would have ended up owing $1.5 Mrica. Like Oregon, it has beautiful beach had projects under review that had the po million in rent and the plant would close es and a population renowned for friendli tential of shaving $175,000 more in annual down anyhow," said Dr. Joab Thomas, the ness. costs. president of the University of Alabama, That is where the similarities cease. The "What this all means is that this factory "not to mention the fact that there would population of Ghana is 12 million, roughly is going to stay open," said Tom Gilligan, have been an active search committee here five times that of Oregon. The life expen the plant manager. "It means we're going to at the university looking for my successor." tency is 49 years ing producer of cocoa, and cocoa still pro closed anyhow," said Mr. Gilligan. "So here ACCRA, GHANA.-Suppose for a moment vides about 60 percent of export earnings: was the perfect opportunity to experiment. you were president of Ghana. This country, Cocoa production has fallen steadily for 15 And it worked." once called the Gold Coast, is rich in natu- years, the plantations are in terrible shape 25994 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 27, 1983 and the world cocoa price has fallen in SOVIET UNION DEFECTOR SAYS Soviet response in the KAL incident recent years. SOVIET DESTRUCTION OF throws into sharp focus some other impor You sternly call in your agriculture minis KOREAN AIRLINER WAS NO tant and far-reaching issues pertinent to the ter and ask why cocoa production has ACCIDENT nuclear age. Could the Kremlin be as reck fallen. "It's very simple," he says "The less with its nuclear arsenal as it has been in former governments paid farmers a low its willingness to use its conventional forces? price for the cocoa, and then the govern HON. FRANK R. WOLF Is there a conflict of interest between the ment sold the cocoa for a high price on the OF VIRGINIA Soviet political and military leadership? If world market and kept the difference. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES so, is the military getting the upper hand farmers weren't paid enough and so they Tuesday, September 27, 1983 and turning the Kremlin toward a kind of have switched to other crops or haven't Bonapartism, as some observers have sug taken care of their cocoa trees." • Mr. WOLF. Mr. Speaker, as people gested? "Well, pay them more for cocoa. so the in from around the world continue their I want to stress that their is no disagree centive will be restored," you order petu outrage at the Soviet Union's shooting ment among the Soviet leaders-either po lantly, proud of your economic insight. The down of an unarmed civilian airliner, I litical or military-as far as the Kremlin's agriculture minister shakes his head and would like to share with my colleagues ultimate goals. They believe in the inevita sighs: "We did raise the price, but now we an article by Arkady Shevchenko, the ble-if eventual-victory of Soviet-style so can't afford to pay them. We have been highest ranking Soviet diplomat to cialism. But I have never heard anyone in giving them IOUs this spring, and they're defect to the United States, which ap the Soviet leadership speculate even pri getting desperate for money." peared in the September 19 edition of vately among trusted comrades about You sink lower in your chair and put your Newsweek on the Korean Air Lines in achieving aims through nuclear war. head in your hands for a moment. You ring cident. At present I do not see how military or se for your budget officer, who explains that IT WAs No AcciDENT-A DEFECTOR SAYS curity men could usurp the party. It is true government spending is resulting in enor Moscow's LEADERs ARE CONVINCED THAT that the leading troika consists of bureaucrats or techno already getting minimal amounts. Even de Soviet diplomat to defect to the United crats, and that their coachman, Andropov, fense expenditures amount to only 0.8 per States. A protege of Andrei Gromyko, he is somewhere between a party functionary cent of the gross national product . United Nations and had an insider's view of man in the leadership, Konstantin Chemen The problem simply is that you have little Soviet policymaking. Shevchenko's ko, is apparently in poor health. money to start with: Taxation doesn't bring thoughts on the 007 affair:> Today's situation in the Kremlin is unique in much revenue when the people are poor, One of the most sinister aspects of this in Soviet history. Traditionally, professional and there is little industry. tragedy is that it was not an accident; it was party apparatchiki have been the predomi Finally, consider the other constraints on a natural product of the standard function nant force. However, the new composition what you can do. First of all, the country is ing of the Soviet system. But there is more of the top leadership does not constitute a new and an artificial creation of colonialism, significance to that slaughter in the sky trend, but is merely incidental, the after with people split into half a dozen tribes than Moscow's habitual disregard for effect of the death or disgrace of other that speak-different languages. If you are human life or its obsession with security. It senior party leaders. The party elite, the president, you probably never went to more reflects Kremlin certitude that Soviet lead ers can emerge relatively unscathed from true ruling class of the U.S.S.R., will not than a few years of school, and so you are whatever outrageous behavior they might permit this state of affairs to. continue for baffled and resentful when sophisticated be contemplating. It recalls to me the boast long: any Bonapartist tendency would im foreign advisers drop by with their sugges I heard on so many occasions: that they mediately recall to those high in party tions. would "get out of the water dry." ranks the cases of Marshal Georgi Zhukov Western governments don't give you much CONSISTENT and Lavrenty Beria, who attempted to put aid, so you tum to the Arab countries, and the Army or the security apparatus above especially Libya. You know that Col. Moam They have good reason for their confi the party. Indeed, the party bosses have al mar Khadafy may be involved in assassina dence. The recent uproars over Afghani ready begun to rectify the anomaly. tion plots abroad, but so was the CIA, and stan, Poland and human-rights violations at least Khadafy seems to care for the de have subsided rather quickly, and business DIALOGUE veloping countries. Sure enough, he comes has resumed almost as usual. While the Should the United States and the West West wavers, the Soviets are nothing if not try to deal with a government with so brutal through and sends you 500,000 barrels of consistent. Their arrogance, their tendency oil, free, along with a few military advisers. a mentality? Those who advocate severing to stonewall, to repeat lies and denials is re all contacts should not forget that the Bang! You have just been shot by an am inforced by their experience, which has bitious army officer who is staging a coup. U.S.S.R.'s nuclear and general military po taught them that the clamor will cease. tential is equal to or in some respects superi You are dead. But thanks for playing this The Soviet air defense is an independent little game. branch of the armed forces headed by a or to that of the United States. The Soviet The problems can seem overwhelming, deputy minister of defense. In this particu Union and the United States have unprece enough to take your breath away. If govern lar instance, I assume that the local com dented power to exterminate or to save hu ing Oregon is a challenge, then tackling the mander cleared the matter with the main manity. If we are to avoid cataclysm, it is grinding poverty and stagnant economies of staff of antiaircraft defense in Moscow. It is imperative to maintain a dialogue with the developing countries is far more difficult. quite possible that someone there got in Kremlin. This dreadful affair should not be There can still be progress, if not panacea, touch with political leaders, perhaps even the spark by which we bum our bridges in with time, care and help from industrialized Yuri Andropov. I cannot imagine Andropov Soviet-American relations. countries. But it is easier to understand why overruling the military's desire to end the Exchanges between Washington and the African countries are doing so poorly intrusion. Were he to do so, his position Moscow must continue, but there is an old when one considers their difficulties. When would be seen as fatal weakness. and still true lesson in such exchanges that one is out of the armchair and in the driv The Soviets have an almost fanatical pre the West must not forget: what the men in er's seat, the problems seem greater and the occupation with loss of face. Furthermore, the Kremlin understand best is military options fewer.e in the Soviet system bureaucratic informa might, energetic political determination and tion often comes out garbled or just plain strength of will. If the West cannot meet wrong so Andropov might have been im the Soviet stance with equal determination, properly apprised of the identity of the the Kremlin will continue to bully it.e plane, if he was told beforehand. There is no doubt that there was not enough time to convene a Politburo meeting to review the situation before choosing a course of action. But there is only one body that could ap prove standing orders under which the trag edy could have occurred: the Politburo. September 27, 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25995 A LATIN AMERICAN STATESMAN facto governments. The fact remains that THE PRESIDENT AT THE UNITED SPEAKS TO THE UNITED STATES democracy-with the exception of Costa NATIONS Rica-has not flourished in the region. And the economies of Central America have HON. MICHAEL D. BARNES been steadily worsening and today are in se HON. WM. S. BROOMFIELD OF MARYLAND rious crisis. OF MICHIGAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Despite such a dramatic situation, Central IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, September 27, 1983 American nations spend a sizeable chunk of Tuesday, September 27, 1983 their meager earnings on costly a~ pur e Mr. BARNES. Mr. Speaker, the Sep chases to try to reestablish the military bal e Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I tember 3 Miami Herald carried an arti ance Nicaragua upset with its foreign mili want to commend the President for cle by Julio Cesar Turbay Ayala, who tary aid. the tone and frankness of his recent was President of Colombia from 1978 The crisis has now gone beyond the capac speech before the U.N. General As to 1982. In his article, President ity of the Central American nations, who sembly. I appreciate the spirit in Turbay advances the intriguing idea could well become participants in an armed which the President challenged the that the United States, Western confrontation. United Nations as well as the Soviet Europe, Latin America, and Japan The peace initiative of the Contadora Union. should set up a special multinational Group-Colombia, Venezuela, Mexico, and President Reagan made it clear that aid fund to create the conditions of Panama-is a praiseworthy and majestic he believes that the United Nations social peace in Central America. He effort of good offices. The Group leaders de serve Latin America's gratitude for their has drifted away from the original role also suggests that among the condi envisioned by its founders. That orga tions that the donors could establish persistent efforts to achieve the kind of peace that eludes their best intentions. nization was designed to be a body that the proposed recipients would which condemned violence, stood for have to meet would be arms reduc The Multinational Fund is another way out. It would surely bring better results certain values, and spoke with the tions, the withdrawal of foreign advis than armed confrontation or maintaining voice of moral authority. Having once ers, and free elections. the status quo. served as a member of America's U.N. I think the idea of making available Under such a scheme, an executive com delegation, I appreciate the Presi large-scale economic aid, but only on mittee of the donor countries would play a dent's suggestion that the United Na the condition that the recipients take watchdog role by supervising proper man tions should return to the true values real steps toward peace, would create a agement of the funds. Those nations that of the U.N. Charter. Only by reaffirm powerful impetus for both peace and did not accept the Fund's conditions would ing these values can that international development in Central America. As a thus-by their own choice-be excluded forum truly serve the cause of peace in senior counselor to the Kissinger Com from the development process and therefore this troubled world. mission on Central America, I hope show that they are tied to other forces and The President also challenged the not only my colleagues in the Con nations to obtain ends contrary to peace and democracy. Soviet Union to match America's flexi gress, but also the Commissioners, will bility in the international arms reduc give careful consideration to this idea. The lot of the recipient nations mean while would visibly improve, while they tion area. He took the initiative in the The article follows: strengthen their defenses and representa deadlocked intermediate nuclear SEND Am, NOT WORDS TO CENTRAL A1o:RICA tive institutions. forces negotiations by unveiling a new I do not believe in temporary remedies, al U.S. proposal. He offered the Soviets BoGOTA.-More than advice, what Central though they can be effective to an extent. an advantage in European-based America needs now is aid-milions of dollars Our main concern should be the causes-not medium-range nuclear weapons in ex are needed to push through refo~ and the symptoms-of the problems of Central change for equal global limits on such create real conditions of special peace in America and the Caribbean. What is needed warheads. Let us hope that the Krem Central America and the Caribbean. The is a policy of broad outlook and long-range United States, together with Latin America, lin will ultimately be more receptive goals. than a Soviet delegate at the United Europe, and Jap~, could set up a multi?-a That is why I envisage a long, intense, and tional aid fund armed at the democratiZa determined struggle against misery, hoard Nations who referred to the new pro tion and well-being of the region. ing of capital, illegal seizure of power, and posal as a "sugar-coated ploy." Faced with the ineptitude and foot-drag I, too, have asked if the downing of ging of institutions such as the United Na a~ buildups. It would be a serious mistake to carry out the unarmed Korean airliner might re tions and the organization of American flect the Soviets' concept of truth and States, the benefactors could set the condi such a plan without United States participa tions for those nations hoping to benefit tion. Equally wrong would be to let the international cooperation. How would from the Multinational Fund. The Fund Americans go it alone. For a number of rea such an attitude toward international could, for instance, demand they disarm to sons, the problem is one that calls for the accords affect Soviet compliance with the bare limit needed for national defense. participation of all democracies. present and future agreements? It could also require the withdrawal of for It is less costly to defend a system than to I was gratified to learn that interna eign military advisers and officials, and it restore it, so urgency is of the essence. The tional reaction to the positive tone of should be able to set down the prerequisites Central American and Caribbean nations the President's address was so encour for real elections. need timely aid and not advice to overcome aging. Only by facing the facts and Those beneficiaries who comply in good the engulfing dangers. using truth as our guide can the com faith with the Funds's conditions would These observations and proposals are not then receive aid in money, technical assist guided by self interest. They are not a gov munity of nations ever hope to work ance, and trade facilities to obtain the maxi ernment's official proposal, but the free for our common goal-peace in the mum benefit for their nations. opinion of a democrat. world. The Central American crisis dates back Now that President Reagan has appointed With these thoughts in mind, I want several centuries, with colonels in some of a high-ranking commission to examine the to strongly recommend the President's the countries replacing each other and, in situation in Central America, it is timely to speech to all Members of Congress. It other countries, generals perpetuating their put forth ideas whose force lies in accept is a message of hope for all of us. power. The miserable social conditions pre ance by the contributing nations and the vailing in the region have always been dan TEXT OF REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT TO THE gerous: the concentration of wealth in the agreement of the Central Americans.e 38TH SESSION oF THE U.N. GENERAL AssEM hands of a few and abuse by large foreign BLY companies have fueled the flames of a revo Thank you for granting me the honor of lution long in the making. Its manifestation speaking today, on this first day of general should have surprised no one. debate in the 38th Session of the General Clearly, such a situation has been craftily Assembly. Once again I come before this and maliciously exploited by enemies of the body preoccupied with peace. Last year I United States, which is blamed for aiding de stood in this chamber to address the Special 25996 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 27, 1983 Session on Disarmament. I have come today and, while replacement of older weapons is Second, the United States is prepared to to renew my Nation's commitment to peace. unavoidable, we wish to negotiate arms re be more flexible on the content of the cur I have come to discuss how we can keep ductions, and to achieve significant, equita rent talks. The United States will consider faith with the dreams that created this or ble, verifiable arms control agreements. And mutually acceptable ways to address the ganization. let me add, we must ensure that world secu Soviet desire that an agreement should limit The United Nations was follll(J~d in the rity is not undermined by the further aircraft as well as missiles. aftermath of World War II to protect future spread of nuclear weapons. Nuclear non-pro Third, the United States will address the generations from the scourge of war, to pro liferation must not be the forgotten element mix of missiles that would result from re mote political self-determination and global of the world's arms control agenda. ductions. In the context of reductions to prosperity, and to strengthen the bonds of At the time of my last visit here, I ex equal levels, we are prepared to reduce the civility among nations. The founders sought pressed hope that a whole class of weapons number of Pershing II ballistic missiles as to replace a world at war with a world of civ systems-the longer-range INF missiles well as ground-launched cruise missiles. ilized order. They hoped that a world of re could be banned from the face of the earth. I have decided to put forward these impor lentless conflict would give way to a new I believe that to relieve the deep concern of tant initiatives after full and extensive con era, one where freedom from violence pre peoples in both Europe and Asia, the time sultations with our allies, including personal vailed. was ripe, for the first time in history, tore correspondence I have had with the leaders Whatever challenges the world was bound S91Ve a security threat exclusively through of the NATO governments and Japan and to face, the founders intended this body to arms control. I still believe the elimination frequent meetings of the NATO Special stand for certain values, even if they could of these weapons-the zero option-is the Consultative Group. I have also stayed in not be enforced, and to condemn violence, best, fairest, most practical solution to this close touch with other concerned friends even if it could not be stopped. This body problem. Unfortunately, the Soviet Union and allies. The door to an agreement is was to speak with the voice of moral author declined to accept the total elimination of open. It is time for the Soviet Union to walk ity. That was to be its greatest power. this class of weapons. through it. But the awful truth is that the use of vio When I was here last, I hoped that the I want to make an unequivocal pledge to lence for political gain has become more, critical Strategic Arms Reduction Talks those gathered today in this world arena. not less, widespread in the last decade. would focus, and urgently so, on those sys The United States seeks and will accept any Events of recent weeks have presented new, tems that carry the greatest risk of nuclear equitable, verifiable agreement that stabi unwelcome evidence of brutal disregard for war-the fast-flying, accurate intercontinen lizes forces at lower levels than currently life and truth. They have offered unwanted tal ballistic missiles which pose a first strike exist. We are ready to be flexible in our ap testimony on how divided and dangerous potential. I also hoped the negotiations proach, indeed, willing to compromise. We our world is, how quick the recourse to vio could reduce by one-half the number of cannot, however, especially in light of lence. strategic missiles on each side and reduce recent events, compromise on the necessity What has happened to the dreams of the their warheads by one-third. Again, I was of effective verification. U.N.'s founders? disappointed when the Soviets declined to Reactions to the Korean airliner tragedy What has happened to the spirit which consider such deep cuts, and refused as well are a timely reminder of just how different created the U.N.? to concentrate on these most dangerous de the Soviets' concept of truth and interna stabilizing weapons. tional cooperation is from that of the rest of The answer is clear: Governments got in Despite the rebuffs, the United States has the way of the dreams of the people. not abandoned and will not abandon the the world. Evidence abounds that we cannot Dreams became issues of East versus West. search for meaningful arms control agree simply assume that agreements negotiated Hope became political rhetoric. Progress ments. Last June, I proposed a new ap with the Soviet Union will be fulfilled. We became a search for power and domination. proach toward the START negotiations. We negotiated the Helsinki Final Act, but the Somewhere.. the truth was lost that people did not alter our objective of substantial re promised freedoms have not been provided, don't make war, governments do. ductions, but we recognized that there are a and those in the Soviet Union who sought And today in Asia, Africa, Latin America, variety of ways to achieve this end. During to monitor their fulfillment languish in the Middle East, and the North Pacific, the the last round of Geneva talks, we present prison. We negotiated a Biological Weapons weapons of war shatter the security of the ed a draft treaty which responded to a Convention, but deadly yellow rain and peoples who live there, endanger the peace number of concerns raised by the Soviet other toxic agents fall on Hmong villages of neighbors, and are ever more arenas of Union. We will continue to build upon this and Afghan encampments. We have negoti confrontation between the great powers. initiative. ated arms agreements, but the high level of During the past year alone, violent conflicts Similarly, in our negotiations on interme Soviet encoding hides the information have occurred in the hills around Beirut, diate-range nuclear forces, when the Soviet needed for their verification. A newly-dis the deserts of Chad and the Western leaders adamantly refused to consider the covered radar facility and a new ICBM raise Sahara, in the mountains of El Salvador, total elimination of these weapons, the serious concerns about Soviet compliance the streets of Suriname, the cities and coun United States made a new offer. We pro with agreements already negotiated. tryside of Afghanistan, the borders of Kam posed, as an interim solution, some equal Peace cannot be served by pseudo arms puchea, and the battlefields of Iran and number on both sides between zero and 572. control. We need reliable, reciprocal reduc Iraq. We recommended the lowest possible level. tions. I call upon the Soviet Union today to We cannot count on the instinct for sur Once again, the Soviets refused an equita reduce the tensions it has heaped on the vival to protect us against war, despite all ble solution and proposed instead what world in the past few weeks, and to show a the wasted lives and hopes that war pro might be called a "half zero option"-zero firm commitment to peace by coming to the duces, it has remained a regular, if horribly for us, and many hundreds of warheads for bargaining table with a new understanding costly, means by which nations have sought them. That is where things stand today, but of its obligations. I urge it to match our to settle their disputes or advance their I still have not given up hope that the flexibility. If the Soviets sit down at the goals. Soviet Union will enter into serious negotia bargaining table seeking genuine arms re And the progress in weapons technology tions. ductions, there will be arms reductions. The has far outstripped the progress toward We are determined to spare no effort to governments of the West and their people peace. In modem times, a new, more terrify achieve a sound, equitable and verifiable will not be diverted by misinformation and ing element has entered into the calcula agreement. For this reason I have given new threats. The time has come for the Soviet tions-nuclear weapons. A nuclear war instructions to Ambassador Nitze in Geneva, Union to show proof that it wants arms con cannot be won and must never be fought. I telling him to put forward a package of trol in reality, not just in rhetoric. believe that if governments are determined steps designed to advance the negotiations Meaningful arms control agreements be to deter and prevent war, there will not be as rapidly as possible. Those initiatives build tween the U.S. and the Soviet Union would war. Nothing is more in keeping with the on the interim framework the United States make our world less dangerous; so would a spirit of the U.N. Charter than arms con advanced last March and address concerns number of confidence-building steps we trol. that the Soviets have raised at the bargain have already proposed to the Soviet Union. When I spoke before the Second Special ing table in the past. Specifically: Arms control requires a spirit beyond Session on Disarmament, I affirmed the First, the United States proposes a new narrow national interests. This spirit is a United States Government's commitment, initiative on global limits. If the Soviet basic pillar on which the U.N. was founded. and my personal commitment, to reduce nu Union agrees to reductions and limits on a We seek a return to this spirit. A fundamen clear arms, and to negotiate in good faith global basis, the United States for its part, tal step would be a true non-alignment of toward that end. will not offset the entire Soviet global mis the United Nations. This would signal a Today, I reaffirm those commitments. sile deployment through U.S. deployments return to the true values of the Charter, in The United States has already reduced the in Europe. We would, of course, retain the cluding the principle of universality. The number of its nuclear weapons worldwide right to deploy missiles elsewhere. members of the United Nations must be September 27, 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25997 aligned on the side of justice rather than in tions. We support a policy to disengage the would blossom, where conflict would give justice, peace rather than aggression, major powers from Third World conflict. way to freedom from violence. human dignity rather than subjugation. The U.N. Charter gives an important role In 1956, President Dwight Eisenhower Any other alignment is beneath the purpose to regional organizations in the search for made an observation on weaponry and de of this great body and destructive of the peace. The U.S. efforts in the cause of peace terrence in a letter to a publisher. He wrote: harmony it seeks. What harms the Charter are only one expression of a spirit that also "When we get to the point, as we one day harms peace. animates others in the world community. will, that both aides know that in any out The founders of the U.N. expected that The Organization of American States was a break of general hostilities, regardless of member nations would behave and vote as pioneer in regional security efforts. In Cen the element of surprise, destruction will be individuals, after they had weighed the tral America, the members of the Contadora both reciprocal and complete, possibly we merits of an issue-rather like a great, group are striving to lay a foundation for will have sense enough to meet at the con global town meeting. The emergence of peaceful resolution of that region's prob ference table with the understanding that blocs and the polarization of the U.N. un lems. In East Asia, the Asian countries have the era of amendments has ended and the dermine all that this organization initially built a framework for peaceful political and human race must conform its actions to this valued. economic cooperation that has greatly truth or die.'' He went on to say, " ... we We must remember that the non-aligned strengthened the prospects for lasting peace have already come to the point where safety movement was founded to counter the de in their region. In Africa, organizations such cannot be assumed by arms alone . . . their velopment of blocs and to promote detente as the Economic Community of West Afri usefulness becomes concentrated more and between them. Its founders spoke of the can States are being forced to provide prac more in their characteristics as deterrents right of smaller countries not to become in tical structure in the struggle to realize Af than in instruments with which to obtain volved in others' disagreements. Since then, rica's potential. victory .. .'' membership in the non-aligned movement From the beginning, our hope for the Distinguished delegates, ladies and gentle has grown dramatically, but not all the new United Nations has been that it would re men, as we persevere in the search for a members have shared the founders' commit flect the international community at its more secure world, we must do everything ment to genuine non-alignment. Indeed, best. The U.N. at its best can help us tran we can to let diplomacy triumph. Deplo client governments of the Soviet Union, scend fear and violence and can act as an macy, the most honorable of professions, who have long since lost their independ enormous force for peace and prosperity. can bring the most blessed of gifts, the gift ence, have flocked into the non-aligned Working together, we can combat interna of peace. If we succeed, the world will find movement, and once inside have worked tional lawlessness and promote human dig an excitement and accomplishment in peace against its true purpose. Pseudo non-align nity. beyond that which could ever be imagined ment is no better than pseudo arms control. If the governments represented in this through violence and war. The United States rejects as false and mis chamber want peace as genuinely as their I want to leave you today with a message I leading the view of the world as divided be peoples do, we shall find it. We can do so by have often spoken about to the citizens of tween the empires of the East and West. We reasserting the moral authority of the my own country, especially in times when I reject it on factual grounds. The United United Nations. In recent weeks, the moral have felt they were discouraged and unsure. States does not head any bloc of subservient outrage of the world seems to have I say it to you with as much hope and heart nations, nor do we desire to. What is called reawakened. as I have said it to my own people. You have the West is a free alliance of governments, Out of the billions of people who inhabit the right to dream great dreams. You have most of whom are democratic and all of this planet, why, some might ask, should the right to seek a better world for your whom greatly value their independence. the death of several hundred shake the people. And all of us have the responsibility What is called the East is an empire direct world so profoundly? Why should the death to work for that better world. And, as ed from the center which is Moscow. of a mother flying toward a reunion with caring, peaceful peoples, think what a pow The United States, today, as in the past, is her family or the death of a scholar heading erful force for good we could be. Distin a champion of freedom and self-determina toward new pursuits of knowledge matter so guished delegates, let us regain the dream tion for all people. We welcome diversity; we deeply? Why are nations who lost no citi the United Nations once dreamed.e support the right of all nations to define zens in the tragedy so angry? and pursue their national goals. We respect The reason rests on our assumptions their decisions and their sovereignty, asking about civilized life and the search for peace. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS STUDY only that they respect the decisions and sov The confidence that allows a mother or a SHOWS JAPANESE CORPORATE ereignty of others. Just look at the world scholar to travel to Asia or Africa or Europe TAX MUCH HIGHER THAN U.S. over the last 30 years, and then decide for or anywhere else on this planet may be only yourself whether the United States or the a small victory in humanity's struggle for CORPORATE RATE; DISPELS Soviet Union has pursued an expansionist peace. Yet what is peace if not the sum of ARGUMENT THAT U.S. CORPO policy. such small victories? RATE TAX RATES ARE TOO Today, the United States contributes to Each stride for peace and every small vic HIGH peace by supporting collective efforts by the tory are important for the journey toward a international community. We give our un lasting, a larger peace. We have made wavering support to the peacekeeping ef progress. We have avoided another world HON. FORTNEY H. (PETE) STARK forts of this body, as well as other multilat war. We have seen an end to the traditional OF CALIFORNIA eral peacekeeping efforts around the world. colonial era and the birth of 100 newly-sov The U.N. has a proud history of promoting ereign nations. Even though development IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES conciliation and helping keep the peace. remains a formidable challenge, we have Tuesday, September 27, 1983 Today, U.N. peacekeeping forces or observ witnessed remarkable economic growth ers are present in Cyprus and Kashmir, on among industrialized and developing na e Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, the Li the Golan Heights and in Lebanon. tions. The U.N. and its affiliates have made brary of Congress is issuing a new In addition to our encouragement of inter important contributions to the quality of report that blows out of the water one national diplomacy, the United States rec life on this planet, such as directly saving of the most harped on themes of ognizes its responsibilities to use its own in countless lives through its refugee and supply siders and those who would to fluence for peace. From the days when emergency relief programs. These broad tally abolish the corporate income tax. Theodore Roosevelt mediated the Russo achievements, however, have been overshad Japanese War in 1905, we have a long and owed by the problems that weigh so heavily This theme, repeated in numerous honorable tradition of mediating or damp upon us. The problems are old, but it is not studies and articles, is that the U.S. ening conflicts and promoting peaceful solu too late to commit ourselves to a new begin corporate tax rate is higher than it is tions. In Lebanon, we, along with France, ning, a beginning fresh with the ideals of in some other, economically more suc Italy and the United Kingdom, have worked the U.N. Charter. cessful countries-such as Japan-and for a ceasefire, for the withdrawal of all ex Today, at the beginning of this 38th Ses that therefore we need to reduce, ternal forces, and for restoration of Leba sion, I solemnly pledge my Nation to up reduce, reduce U.S. corporate taxes. non's sovereignty and territorial integrity. holding the original ideals of the United Na Well, Mr. Speaker, the Library's In Chad, we have joined others in support tions. Our goals are those that guide this ing the recognized government in the face very body. Our ends are the same as those report states that when you add to of external aggression. In Central America, of the U.N.'s founders, who sought to re gether national and subnational taxes, as in southern Africa, we are seeking to dis place a world at war with one where the the effective tax rate on manufactur courage reliance upon force and to con rule of law would prevail, where human ing in Japan is 50.5 percent compared struct a framework for peaceful negotia- rights were honored, where development to America's 27.7 percent!
11-059 Q-87-11 (Pt. 19) 25998 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 27, 1983 In short. Japan•s tax on corporations developing the South Bronx and is a employ more people than Hearns did, and is about twice the U.S. rate. worthy model for other urban areas SOBRO is working on leasing the upper Thus bites the dust another reason facing similar challenges. floors for back office operations of banks or securities firms. Patterson thinks the South given for many American companies• After a decade of progress, SOBRO Bronx is ideal for back office operations, failure to compete well with the Japa President Patterson and Chairman J. since it affords low-rental space and accessi nese. Bruce Llewellyn deserve our congratu bility to many modes of transportation In a recent book on tax reform. "In lations. I am including in the REcoRD within the city and from Westchester and equity and Decline;• the authors made an article which appeared in the most New Jersey. the point in passing that Japan's tax recent edition of Metropolis. The arti In October, a second major structure code was more or less copied from cle reports on the many successes of given a new life by SOBRO will open. ours, "before the onset of 'loophole SOBRO and its plans for the near The Phillips-Jones Building is a 120,000 square-foot building which was taken by the mania' among America's political and future. city for non-payment of taxes, had been business leaders." I asked the Congres SOBRO SPURS PROGRESS IN THE vacant since 1976 and was once scheduled sional Research Service whether this REDEVELOPMENT OF SOUTH BRONX for demolition. With $2.5 million in grants assertion was accurate, and Jane Gra SOBRO, newest acronym in New York from the Federal Economic Development velle. specialist in industry analysis City's geography, is the nickname for the Administration and the Department of and finance, economics division, re South Bronx Overall Economic Develop Energy, SOBRO bought the building and plied that Japanese depreciation prac ment Corporation. With a nod to SOHO has converted it into an energy-efficient in tices and other subsidies appear to be on which IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES it, that they are in for a load of hard was then built a plant large enough to Tuesday, September 27, 1983 questioning from me. absorb the company's New Jersey oper Copies of the report, "Comparative ations as well. The result: 40 jobs saved and • Mr. AKAKA. Mr. Speaker, it is my Corporate Tax Burdens in the United 150 added. sad duty today to have to rise in States and Japan and Implications for President Patterson says that these are memory of a dear friend of mine, Relative Economic Growth.'' Septem examples of the role the city's banks have Masaru Tsugawa, or Masa, who passed played from the outset. Early funding sup away recently. He was a young 73 ber 6, 1983 News, Sept. 23, strange patterns emerge," said Anatole 1983] ity truly transcends this time of finan Shub, program director in Washington. cial hardship. With their dollars and AMERICA PROVIDES POPULAR RADIO VOICE IN "When Andrei Sakharov won the Nobel EAsTERN EuROPE Peace Prize and couldn't go, he fol moral support, these citizens are lowed the ceremony on Radio Liberty from spreading American goodwill abroad. I a Moscow apartment." find this action to be extremely admi WARSAW, PoLAND.-Poles refer wryly to The management of the two operations rable and in the best tradition of vol their five radio stations. Four are the gov merged in 1976. Besides broadcasting, they ernment's. The fifth, assailed and jammed provide extensive research to scholars and untarism. but probably heard by half of adult Poland, journalists. Makeshift headquarters near On behalf of the residents of the is Radio Free Europe. Munich's English Garden are crammed with Mahoning Valley, I take this opportu The network, along with sister operation 100,000 volumes in 52 languages. The Czech nity to applaud Ray Travaglini and Radio Liberty, broadcasts in 21languages to oslovak service alone receives 170 daily Sandy Petruso for their tireless devo Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, rain papers and periodicals, along with news tion to the noble cause of giving to ing down local news, dissident reports and agency wires, government bulletins and sa biting commentary. mizdat publications. others less fortunate. These two gen It is a major U.S. foreign policy tool, and Each of the national language services tlemen have approached this charita the changes made over the years have given prepares its own scripts from the central ble task with characteristic dedication the network a more energetic and less ideo news desk and separate research sections. and unfailing perserverance. Because logical character, senior U.S. officials said in Staff correspondents include Monika Lo of their efforts, the Boys Town of Washington. vienescu in Paris, whose literary criticism Polish authorities take it so seriously that many emigre writers regard as vital to their Italy will be able to provide the loving they sentenced to death in absentia Zdzis success. care that the orphaned children of the law Najder, director of Radio Free Europe's Supervisors check scripts before broadcast world so sorely need. Ray and Sandy, I Polish service. They charged he was a CIA and then send a summary which station salute you.e spy because he contributed secretly to the managers might scan afterward. radio network while still in Warsaw. "There is almost no prior vetting by the Czechoslovak law specifically defines col seven U.S. staff members here," said net labortion with the network as high treason. work Deputy Director Robert L. Hutchings. Poland, Czechoslovakia and East Germany "There are very few direct controls. It is jam it, and the Soviet Union jams Radio more a meeting of minds." 26000 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 27, 1983 SPORT FISHING AND ACID RAIN seem to be still safe. Research has shown emissions would cost $2.4 billion per year why: the lower pH dissolves aluminum, and and would result in an average electricity other metals allowing them to mix into the rate increase of 2%. To put these figures in HON. GERRY SIKORSKI water. Even in small concentrations these perspective, this is substantially less than OF MINNESOTA metals can harm and even kill fish. Certain Americans spend playing video arcade IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES forms of aluminum clog gills, causing fish to games evey year. Damage from acid rain is Tuesday, September 27, 1983 suffocate. estimated at $5 billion per year. Thousands of lakes and streams across the New technologies coming into use in Ger e Mr. SIKORSKI. Mr. Speaker, today United States and Canada have been acidi many, such as LIMB are a fraction as costly formative article by Paul Hansen on as conventional scrubbers and could reduce acid rain, which appeared in the Sep The U.S. National Academy of Sciences warned us in 1981 that unless acid rain is control costs even further. Unfortunately, tember issue of Fishing Facts. As the controlled, the number of affected lakes EPA's research office has repeatedly author states, acid rain poses a serious would double by 1990. blocked an EPA staff proposal for a full threat to the future of fishing. Fish in 212 Adirondack lakes have already scale joint EPA-industry funded LIMB dem I encourage my colleagues to read been lost. The non-partisan congressional onstration project. Congressmen in the this article and to join me in sponsor Office of Technology Assessment es House, who believe a full-scale LIMB dem ing H.R. 3400, the National Acid Depo timates that more than 9, 000 lakes and onstration is essential to spur commercial sition Control Act of 1983. The time to 60,000 miles of streams in the Eastern ization of LIMB and decrease acid rain con United States are threatened by acid rain or trol costs in pending legislation, voted in pass acid rain control legislation is are now being damaged. now-before it is too late. June to insist on funds for this project. In Ontario, Canada, 1,400 lakes and ponds The electric utilities have projected great DEATH FROM THE SKIES have already succumbed to acid rain and ly exaggerated costs and impacts on utility 48,000 are threatened with extinction. rates for an acid rain control program by According to the prestigious National In Minnesota, 2,600 lakes are now at the critical stage. adopting unrealistic assumptions. The Con Academy of Sciences, the evidence is in. If gressional Research Service found these we do not stop the rain of acids on our In Wisconsin, lakes are reported to be de clining at a measurable rate. claims to be completely unjustifiable scien streams and lakes, much of our freshwater tifically. Some industry officials have circu fishing heritage in sensitive regions will be In Pennsylvania, the Fish Commission re ports that unless emission patterns change lated some pretty wild claims about the eco eliminated forever. It would be a useless and dramatically, it is likely that most of the im nomic impacts of acid rain control cost. unnecessary loss because we can stop acid However, EPA analysis shows Eastern coal rain, and we can do it for a very acceptable portant fish species from that state's upland waters will be lost. production will increase 40 million tons per cost. In Michigan, scientists recently identified year by the year 2000 even if a 40% reduc From 1958 to 1975 the emissions of sulfur the first acidified lakes in the Midwest. tion in emissions is required. Utility rates and nitrogen oxides that cause acid rain The new map of surface water sensitivity doubled. Emissions of these pollutants from would increase by an average 2%, and no to acid rain shows that vast regions of more than 7% in any region. power plants in the Eastern United States South and Southeastern surface waters have tripled. The list of prestigious scientists and inde share these same critical characteristics of pendent organizations calling for control of This increase in pollution from power chemical sensitivity to acid rain as the lakes plants has been compounded by the build acid rain would choke a tall stack. Simply and streams in Sweden, Norway, Canada, put, they believe our nation remains strong ing of taller and taller smokestacks, which and New England where fisheries are lost. push emissions higher into the atmosphere, The acidity of rainfall in these regions is al enough to enjoy both a healthy economy completing their transformation into acidic ready past the threshold at which fish die. and a productive fishery. They are tired of compounds. Some of the stacks built in the Some fisheries' damage and the first signs the utilities' scare tactics and claims that we last decade are as tall as the Empire State of acidification are already reported in the cannot do what other countries are doing to Building. Now, the pollution from power South and one EPA scientist, who asked not to be Scientific Review Panel and the National hundreds of Iniles before being brought to identified, believes we would find more Academy of Sciences announced that we earth as acid rain or snow, sleet, fog, or as damage if we only looked. need to control acid rain now. dry particles, with devastating consequences In the West, there are new concerns for Inaction will be costly. It takes 10-20 to downwind neighbors. many high altitude areas which are among years to enact an acid rain reduction pro The startling effects of acid rain are ap the most extremely sensitive areas in the gram and actually to start reducing the pol pearing throughout the United States and U.S. Once the limited buffering capacities of lution. Many lakes are therefore already Canada. The loss of fish from thousands of the mountain areas have been exhausted, lakes and streams is the most obvious effect, doomed even if we start controlling acid damage done thereafter will be irreversible. deposition today. Further delays will cost us but it is also leaching nutrients from forest Compounding the vulnerability of these soils while releasing toxic metals into soils untold amounts in loss of fishing habitats areas is the fact that a disproportionately and opportunities, not to mention millions and groundwater. Buildings and monuments large portion of total precipitation, and are being eroded, and public health may be hense total acid deposition, occurs on high of dollars in fishing and tourism revenue. endangered. The National Academy of Sci altitude areas. The spring "surge," when We know the causes and cures for acid ences estimates that $5 billion or more in months of acid rain deposition stored in the rain. Now we need the action from Congress damage is done every year by acid rain in snowpack are released, is especially tough to stop it. Their decision will depend largely the Eastern United States where there are on fish fry and other emergent organisms on the response of the American fishing extensive areas susceptible to acid rain. which are in very sensitive stages in the public in the next few months. As acidification gets worse it affects fish spring. in the following ways: In the West, South, and the East, the ef ACID AND FISH: SOME AVERAGE LEVELS AND IMPACTS By attacking their reproductive systems fects of acid rain on forests could be far and by killing or deforming fry Georgia. LUCILLE SNYDER tangible contributions toward a I applaud the action taken by Presi stronger, better society by molding dent Reagan in this crisis. He has stronger and better men within its shown temperance at a time when HON. JULIAN C. DIXON ranks. emotions demand a harsher response. OF CALIFORNIA Mr. Speaker to help commemorate Perhaps this evil act by the Soviets IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the 100th anniversary of a grand and will convince the world of the true, Tuesday, September 27, 1983 patriotic group, I would like to pro twisted logic of the Soviet military bu claim before my colleagues in the reaucracy, and how it, at least in • Mr. DIXON. Mr. Speaker, on behalf House of Representatives, October 21 peacetime, responds not to human of myself and Congressman MEL as the centennial of Pasadena Lodge reason, but a paranoid quest for secu LEviNE, I would like to pay tribute to No. 272, F. & A.M., 100 years of Ma rity. Richard and Lucille Snyder, who, on sonry in the San Gabriel Valley.e The President's actions have hurt October 5, 1983 will celebrate their the Soviets where they are most vul 50th wedding anniversary. The Sny nerable-their image. The downing of ders moved to Santa Monica from New PERSONAL EXPLANATION the Korean airliner has boldly re York over 30 years ago and have been moved the carefully crafted image of active members of the community HON. JAMES McCLURE CLARKE peace lover which the Soviets labor so since that time. Richard recently re OF NORTH CAROLINA hard to convey to the world. Their ac tired from Occidental Insurance Co., IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions have shown their true colors. Af after 40 years in the insurance field. '1_'uesday, September 27, 1983 ghanistan and Poland stirred world Both Richard and Lucille are accom opinion about the Soviet's·lack of con plished musicians. Lucille is a former • Mr. CLARKE. Mr. Speaker, on Sep cern for human rights. The destruc Julliard teacher and now teaches tember 13 and 14, 1983, I was necessar tion of KAL flight 007 has moved the piano and organ in Santa Monica. ily absent for three votes. I would like world to express open revulsion Richard is also an avid keyboard to make clear my position on those toward the Soviet callous disregard of player and plays the piano and organ measures considered in the House. innocent human lives. regularly for the Elks Club. On the motion to recommit H.R. More information about the fate of Richard and Lucille have two sons, 3520, the Rehabilitation Act amend flight 007 is still being obtained. We Peter and Richard, Jr., and eight ments, rollcall No. 332, I would have know now that the Soviet fighter did grandchildren. Peter is a cellist with voted "nay." indeed fire tracer bullets at the the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orches On the final passage of H.R. 3520, Korean 747. But did the pilot of the tra and Richard, Jr., is an electronics the Rehabilitation Act amendments, Soviet plane make sure he got his mes engineer and heads an electronics firm rollcall No. 333, I would have voted sage across? Clearly not. Even if he in New Jersey. "yea." had, did this then justify the Soviet The Snyders are active and vital On the final passage of H.R. 5, the decision to destroy an unarmed pas people, loved by their family and Ocean and Coastal Resources Manage senger jet? Certainly not. As more friends and respected in their commu ment Act, rollcall No. 334, I would facts are uncoverd, we must not let nity. I firmly believe that you get out have voted "yea." ourselves be distracted from the harsh of life what you put in. Judging from Mr. Speaker, I appreciate having reality of this event: The Soviet Union the contribution the Snyders have this opportunity to make my position willingly, knowingly, shot down an un made to society this is a time for them known for the record.e armed passenger airliner, killing all to rejoice and enjoy the fruits of their 269 passengers and crew aboard. labor. I would like to congratulate KOREAN AIR LINES FLIGHT 007 The Soviet Union could do a great them on their 50 years of marriage deal to demonstrate to the world that and wish them all the best that life HON. BARBARA B. KENNELLY they possess some semblance of hu has to offer.e OF CONNECTICUT manity: They could allow Japanese IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and American ships to participate in the search for wreckage and bodies; JAPAN'S LEAD IN ROBOTICS Tuesday, September 27, 1983 they could issue a full and complete INCREASES • Mrs. KENNELLY. Mr. Speaker, the apology to the families of the passen shooting down of Korean Air Lines gers and crew aboard flight 007, and HON. DON FUQUA flight 007, an unarmed, civilian jetlin offer to pay compensation; they could OF FLORIDA er, by the Soviet Union was a barbaric issue a full apology to the Govern IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES act of cold-blooded murder. The world ment of Korea and to Korean Air will never forget the tragic series of Lines; and they could give assurances Tuesday, September 27, 1983 events that led to the demise of KAL to the world civil aviation community • Mr. FUQUA. Mr. Speaker, the coun flight 007 on the evening of Septem that steps will be taken to prevent try that leads the world in the tech ber 1, 1983; it will never forget the pic such a heartless act from ever being nologies of robotics and automated tures of grieved loved ones tossing repeated. They have not done so. They manufacturing will lead the world in flowers into the Sea of Japan in a have not even said they are sorry. manufacturing. I want that country to final expression of love for the 269 The lives of the 269 people aboard be the United States, and I am sure parents, children, and friends who flight 007, I fear, ended in terror. that other Members do, too. died; it will never forget the voice of a They did not, however, end in vain. Paul Aron, vice chairman of the Soviet pilot, chillingly devoid of Our Government will continue to take board of Daiwa Securities, makes the human compassion reporting to his a leadership role in demanding that study of the Japanese and American commanders that "the target is de the Soviet Union not be allowed to let robotics industries his profession. His stroyed." the passage of time erase what they most recent report, "The Robot Scene My prayers of sympathy go out to have done to 269 innocent people. in Japan~ An Update," shows clearly the families of the 269 victims, espe Some may say more should be done to that the United States, despite cially to the families the two Connecti make the Soviet's pay for their ac progress in the robotics industry, is cut citizens aboard, Mark McGetrick tions. I believe we should never let falling farther behind Japan in this of Danbury and Rebecca Scruton of them forget-it is a price I think the area, as a result of Japan's existing Meriden, and to those of my colleague, Soviets will find difficult to pay.e lead and greater rate of growth. 26004: EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 27, 1983 I am inserting selected excerpts large number of competitive robot manufac "out at 65" rule to retire in 1953, so from this report in the CONGRESSIONAL turers and companies in related fields coop even the youngest of us who worked RECORD to alert Members to the chal erate and contribute researchers to study common problems. Thus, Japanese robot on his staff . indicates several impor "staff"-that gangling group of acned tant trends. HON. AL SWIFf Japanese production of robots in 1982 in OF WASHINGTON adolescents that traipsed through creased 51.6% on a value basis to $471 mil IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nearly 30 years of his life-learning lion and 82.6% on a unit basis to 14,937. In Tuesday, September 27, 1983 immensely about the world and then comparison estimated American production moving on out into it. Most us use in 1982 was $195 million in value, an in e Mr. SWIFT. Mr. Speaker, Homer something we learned from Homer ev crease of 25.8%, and 1,601 in units, a growth died last week. eryday. That is a kind of immortality of 26.2%. Despite this expansion, America To hundreds of former students of not many of us will achieve. And it is a continues to lose ground vis-a-vis Japan-in Lincoln High School in Tacoma, 1980 and 1981 U.S. production value cause for celebration. Wash., that was not too surprising be Goodbye, Homer. And thank you.e equalled 49.3% and 49.8% respectively on a 95 comparable basis while in 1982 American cause he was, after all, years old. output reached 41.4% of Japan's robot pro But it was sad because he had done so duction. On a unit basis American robot much for so many of us. AMERICA'S CUP RACES production has dropped to 10.7% of Japan's Homer was what we all called him, compared to 15.5% in 1981. those of us fortunate enough to pass HON. FERNAND J. ST GERMAIN The growth rate in value of robots in his journalism class and become a part OF RHODE ISLAND Japan has averaged 73.9% for the past five of the staff of the Lincoln News. He IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES years and the annual rate has never fallen was, formally, Homer Post; former below 51.4 percent. As a consequence of this Tuesday, September 27, 1983 growth, the gap in installed operating INS reporter, English department fac robots between the U.S. and Japan is not ulty member and adviser to the school e Mr. STGERMAIN. Mr. Speaker, as being closed. At the end of 1982 total of in paper. What he seemed to be was an a lifelong resident of Rhode Island stalled operating robots in Japan reached at archetypical city editor-even though who has always believed that Newport least 31,900 and possibly 33,961 compared to his circulation was only a large high and the America's Cup races fit to 6,301 in the U.S. Thus the U.S. has between school and his domain was a World gether like hand in glove, I cannot 18.6 percent and 19.8 percent of Japanese War II portable called "the shack." help but feel a twinge of sorrow at this robots compared to 21.7 percent in 1981 and 24.1 percent in 1980. What Homer really was, was a mag year's break in tradition-the first Assembly robots play a major role in nificent teacher. He knew his stuff-so time the United States lost the Ameri Japan representing 19.1 percent of installa he taught us how to do it right. What ca's Cup to the Australians. tions compared to the miniscule 1.2 percent made him special to all of us was his I am sure that many people will stop in the U.S. enthusiasm. For him, the Lincoln and reflect today at the news of A us Exports represented 14.2 percent of total News was vitally important. That tralia II taking the coveted trophy value of Japanese robots in 1982 compared made it important to us. And that away from Liberty. It is a milestone, a to 5.7 percent in 1981, 2.6 percent in 1980 and 1.9 percent in 1979. made working on the paper very spe change in tradition. But, a disappoint The number of Japanese robot manufac cial. In our adolescent search for inde ment? The result of unfair tactics? An turers has risen almost steadily from 10 in pendent and adult responsibility, it undeserving win? Not on your life. Our 1968 to 50 in 1970, 120 in 1976, 140 in 1979, was something real. It counted. Australian friends have been joining 150 in 1980, and 190 in 1981. There is no Our successes met with praise. us in this good natured competition sign of a shakeout yet. Failures crashed around our ears. for years. In fact, their first try at the MITI, having identified robot production Homer expected you to do it right Cup was in 1962. That year the Ameri as a major strategic industry for Japan's Weatherly future, undertook several measures to popu when everyone else seemed to assume can entry was the and the larize their utilization. MITI permitted a you were not ready yet. What a sense Australian entry was the Gretel. Presi company that installed a robot to allocate of pride grew from his confidence in dent Kennedy and I along with many 13 percent of its initial purchase price in the you. And when sometimes you did not others viewed the race from the deck first year as extra depreciation in addition measure up, that is when you knew for of the Navy destroyer, the Joseph P. to ordinary depreciation. With MITI en sure he took you seriously, because he Kennedy. Even then, the "Aussies" couragement, at least, if not direction, a treated you like an adult: you have gave us a run for our money-they robot leasing company, Japan Robot Lease, never been chewed out until you have won the second race by 47 seconds, was founded. MITI has also ar ranged for direct government low interest been worked over by Homer. marking the first time in almost 30 loans to small and medium scale manufac The end result was a high school years that the United States lost a turers to encourage robot installation, for newspaper that won national awards race-and good naturedly congratulat processes deemed to be dangerous for the very top ones-consistently for ed us when we won the series. human labor. over 20 years. But that was more The Australians have shown great Like most governments in Western Europe Homer's reward. He really valued tenacity over the years. And when we and the U.S., MITI is subsidizing R&D being No. 1 in the Nation year after won the cup, time and time again, robot projects although the actual amounts year. Our reward was to have him en they showed great sportmanship and are quite small. It has depended largely on the private companies not only to develop trust to us the responsibility for keep diplomacy-time and time again. the direction and scale of production, but ing that previous string of successes Indeed, it is too bad that Liberty was also the undertake R&D. going. unable to defend the cup against A us What distinguishes MITI has been its ef We, his former students, are spread tralia II. But, if we had to lose, I, fectiveness in creating projects in which a all over. He was forced by an arbitrary along with a host of Americans, am September 27, 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS . 26005 glad it was to our deserving Australian District in 1950, and was a close per TRIBUTE TO SPECIAL AGENT friends. After all these years of hard sonal friend of President Johp. ·Fitzger RAU:L G. SALINAS work, they have earned the right to ald Kennedy. take the cup home with them. I am She was an active member and direc sure my colleagues join me in extend tor of the Springfield Orchestra Asso HON. SOLOMON P. ORTIZ ing the warmest congratulations to ciation, the Holyoke Community OF TEXAS both skippers-John Bertrand of Aus Chest and the Visiting Nurses Associa IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tralia, and Dennis Connor of the New tion of Holyoke. · 'J'uesday, September 27, 1983 York Yacht Club-and to both crews. Mr. Speaker, Anna Sullivan was a All parties involved should be com great and gracious lady and a close • Mr. ORTIZ. Mr. Speaker, it gives mended for showing outstanding sea personal friend of mine for many me great pleasure to bring to the at manship.e years. I want to extend on behalf of tention of this body a special agent of the Massachusetts congressional dele the FBI who recently received the At gation our profound sympathy to the torney General's Certificate of Award ANNA F. SULLIVAN, PIONEER IN members of her family. during the Department of Justice's THE LABOR MOVEMENT AND I also ask permission to have includ Hispanic Heritage Week. Raul G. Sali WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS' ed with my remarks an editorial on nas was recognized for devoting the FIRST LADY OF LABOR Anna Sullivan printed in the Spring past 8 years of his life in carrying out field Sunday Republican on Septem the mission of his Department and for HON. EDWARD P. BOLAND ber 25: his special contributions in furthering the goals of the Department's Hispan OF MASSACHUSETTS The article follows: ic employment program. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ANNA SULLIVAN LABOR PIONEER Special Agent Salinas of Alice, Tex., Tuesday, September 27, 1983 When Anna F. Sullivan went to work in a Holyoke mill at the age of 14, the is currently the host of the FBI's "Pla • Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, the 20th Century was also still in its teens. ticando Con El FBI," Spanish radio working people of Massachusetts and When she became actively interested in program. This program is broadcast by many of the State's present and the labor movement in 1932, the nation 65 Spanish radio stations throughout former public officials have lost a found itself in the depths of the Great De the United States. Not only has he dis great supporter with the death last pression. cussed and featured topics about the week of Anna F. Sullivan of Holyoke, When she helped to organize the Textile duties and responsibilities of the former manager of the Holyoke Joint Workers Union at Holyoke's William Skin Bureau, but he has also been a leading ner & Son mill in 1936 and became its secre Board of the Textile Workers Union of tary, she was firmly established in the labor voice on the airwaves regarding the America. movement. dangers of drugs to the Hispanic com Once described at a testimonial When she died in Holyoke Thursday at munity. dinner as Western Massachusetts' the age of 79, she left behind an impressive Another project that has consumed First Lady of Labor, Anna Sullivan record in the movement as well as in the the time and energy of Mr. Salinas has went to work in the Holyoke silk mills community at large. been his leadership of the Hispanic re of William Skinner & Sons at age 14 In recent decades of her long and produc cruitment program for the FBI. Due tive life Mrs. Sullivan was referred to as to his untiring efforts, our Nation now after the turn of the century. She was "Western Massachusetts' first lady of an early pioneer in the labor move labor," an unofficial title of respect and ad boasts having approximately 300 His ment in Massachusetts, getting her miration that she had earned by her dedi panic FBI agents among its 7,800 start as a member of the weavers cated service to the movement. members. In fact, the Texas Legisla union in 1932. Later she helped to She helped to form the first Congress of ture passed a resolution in May honor form the Textile Workers Union at Industrial Organizations union in Western ing Special Agent Salinas' dedication the Skinner Silk Mill and in 1936 she Massachusetts, and later became an organiz in doubling the number of Hispanic was elected secretary of the local. er for the national staff of the CIO. agents since 1978. From 1944 to 1966 she was manager of the Raul Salinas has certainly left an She was manager of the Holyoke Holyoke Joint Board of Textile Workers, for Joint Board of the Textile Workers a region that included Greater Springfield, important imprint on our national Union, which included Greater Spring and she was manager of the Berkshire Joint conscience. His work in promoting the field, from 1944 to 1966. She was man Board in Pittsfield from 1958 until its end in advancement of Hispanics through law ager of the Berkshire Joint Board in 1966. enforcement and active involvement in Pittsfield from 1958 until 1966. She Among her other labor affiliations, she our democratic process serves as an in also helped to form the first Congress was a member of the political committee of spiration to us all. He continues to in of Industrial Organization Union in the Springfield-Chicopee-Westfield Labor still pride in the heritage of the His Council. panic and personifies the valuable role western Massachusetts, and later was Her legendary stamina and energy was an organizer for the national staff of also directed to the War Manpower Com of Hispanics in American life.e the CIO. mission from 1941 to 1945, the Western Anna Sullivan was a representative Massachusetts Office of Price Administra for the Springfield office of the Mas tion from 1941 to 1945 and the Rent Control SHULTZ-KELLEY PHOTOGRAPH sachusetts Commission Against Dis Board from 1946 to 1952. In 1950 she was an crimination from 1966 until her retire unsuccessful candidate for Congress. HON. GUY V. MOUNARI She was a representative for the Spring ment in October 1972. She was an OF NEW YORK field Office of the Massachusetts Commis active member of the political commit IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tee of the Springfield-Chicopee-West sion Against Discrimination from 1966 until her retirement in 1972. She was a director Tuesday, September 27, 1983 field Labor Council and political direc of the Springfield Orchestra Association, tor on the board of directors of the the Holyoke Community Chest and the Vis e Mr. MOLINARI. Mr. Speaker, a Springfield Chapter of the American iting Nurses Association of Holyoke. number of my colleagues have recent Red Cross. She was a member of the Mrs. Sullivan grew up with the labor ly asked me to explain the details of War Manpower Commission from 1941 movement in Western Massachusetts, and what happened last week regarding to 1945, the Western Massachusetts was a major influence in labor's hard-won the Associated Press photograph of struggle. Office of Price Administration from The 1950s-era photo published along with Secretary of State George Shultz and 1941 to 1945 and the rent control her obituary in The Morning Union carries Marine Corps Commandant, Gen. P. board from 1946 to 1952. a union "bug"-a logo identifying the photo X. Kelley, testifying before the For Anna Sullivan was the Democratic graphic print as the product of a union eign Affairs Committee, that ran in nominee for the First Congressional worker. Of course.e many newspapers across the country. 26006 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 27, 1983 My intention now is to let my col effort to correct the mistake cannot pensation, the SEC, in the interest of leagues know just what happened. erase the impressions that were cre saving money, has done away with the Like many other Americans, I saw ated by the original photo caption. rule and replaced it with a ceiling on the picture of Secretary Shultz cover I would hope that responsible people perks. Executives can now receive no ing his eyes as· Commandant Kelley in the media will take all possible pre more than 10 percent of their salary in spoke next to him. The caption under cautions to prevent an incident of this perks, or $25,000, whichever is less. the picture indicated that Shultz was type from happening again. While I It is wonderful how deregulation reacting to Commandant Kelly's refer believe that most reporters do present always saves money. It just matters ence to troops who were sent to "Viet the news in a fair manner, this inci whose money you are saving. Is the nam a year ago." Kelley quickly cor dent shows the difference a few sec $25,000 a ceiling? Or is it more likely a rected himself to say "into Lebanon." onds can make regarding the interpre new floor for executive perks? The impression given was that the tation of a news photograph.e Mr. Speaker, adoption of this new Secretary was reacting in disbelief to rule is another example of the anti the general's statement. ZILDJIAN DAY consumer attitude of this President I discussed the photo with one of my and his appointees. I find it pathetic staff members that morning. He that a stockholder will not even be en stated that he had seen a videotape of HON. GERRY E. STUDDS titled to know precisely how execu the incident on a morning news show OF MASSACHUSETTS tives are compensated in the company and that he did not believe that the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES whose stock he holds. Secretary's motions with his hands Tuesday, September 27, 1983 And given the President's frequent were related to the Kelley remark. I • Mr. STUDDS. Mr. Speaker, it is rare admonition that the public themselves called on a colleague on the Foreign that I have the pleasure of celebrating should be allowed to decide a given Affairs Committee who was present at issue, I am distressed that the SEC the hearing and he gave me the same the 360th anniversary of anything, let alone a family-owned business in my could not have simply changed the impression. congressional district, so I am particu rule to allow a company's stockholders I spoke on the House floor soon the right to vote on whether or not thereafter, pointing out the incorrect larly happy to congratulate the Avedis Zildjian Co., the world's foremost they felt it necessary to have the dis description given the picture. closure. Killing disclosure entirely and I called the Associated Press bureau cymbal manufacturer and the second oldest company continuously owned replacing it with a floor will probably in Washington. They told me that tum out to be entirely counter-produc they stood by the photograph. by the same family. While the compa ny now makes its home in Norwell, tive to the SEC's professed intentions. A member of my staff contacted If my colleagues have not already CBS-TV News in New York and in Mass., I am afraid I cannot claim it as a native industry. The Zildjian Co. had read the Washington Post's financial Washington in an attempt to obtain a section Monday morning column by copy of the videotape. He explained its start in Constantinople in 1623, when an alchemist named A vedis first Jerry Knight, I am inserting it for that I believed the photo caption was their information. The article follows: in error. discovered the still-secret formula We then arranged to view the tape used to make the famous Zildjian cym [From the Washington Post, Sept. 26, 19831 of the hearing at the C-Span studio. bals. SEC DEREGULATION GIVES TOP BRASS A At the relevant point in the hearing, I congratulate the Zildjian Co. not LicENsE To STEAL the camera was only on General simply on its longevity, but also on the Kelley so it could not be determined quality of its work. Zildjian is not just In the name of deregulation, the Securi when the Secretary raised his hands. the sole American cymbal-maker, but ties and Exchange Commission last Thurs There was, however, no audible reac it is the chosen cymbal of the world's day gave corporate executives a license to tions to the Kelley misstatement. most famous percussionists. Zildjian's steal. On Thursday, the CBS Evening combination of modem technology You can pad your paycheck with perqui and age-old tradition is unique, and sites and you don't have to tell the stock News ran a story on the photo, show holders, unless the freebies add up to more ing a videotape of the incident and through this combination the compa ny has remained in the forefront of than 10 percent of your pay, the SEC decid strongly implying that the photo cap ed. tion was misleading. At 2:17 Friday percussion music. I congratulate the Country club dues, a corporate hideaway, morning, Associated Press transmitted Zildjiah family on the 360th anniver a company car or any little fringe benefit a corrective story to all its member sary of the founding of this special you can finagle can be yours and the folks newspapers stating that the photo car company.e who invested in the company will never ried a misleading caption and asked know, the commission told Wall Street. Dis closure rules in effect since 1978 were can them to run a story saying so. The As SEC'S LICENSE TO STEAL celed, effective immediately. sociated Press stated: We're not doing this to save executives The tape showed Shultz rubbing his eyes HON.DONALDJ.PEASE the embarrassment of having their off-the in what might have been a gesture of weari .OF OHIO books benefits disclosed to the stockholders, ness rather than the reaction to Kelley im the five SEC members chorused unanimous plied in the caption. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ly. We're doing this to save money for the I commend the Associated Press for Tuesday, September 27, 1983 company and to save time for investors. running a corrective bulletin. The two • Mr. PEASE. Mr. Speaker, another Think of how much money businesses have wasted telling stockholders about the newspapers I initially saw the photo blow has been struck in the name of extracurricular benefits paid to executives. in, the New York Times and the deregulation by the administration. All the wear and tear on adding machines to Washington Post, ran corrective sto The Securities and Exchange Commis total up the club dues, the chauffeur's ries. The Times also stated that it had sion last week repealed a rule that had salary, the monthly Mercedes payments. To contacted Associated Press on Wednes required corporate executives to dis say nothing of the outrageous cost of day to verify the validity of the photo. close to their stockholders how and shrinking those numbers into flea-size type Today, I hope there is no misunder how much executives were being com and hiding them amongst the footnotes in standing of this photograph. The pensated with nonsalary perquisites. reports to stockholders. Think of how much time stockholders wasted reading those original photo caption did a major dis While executives may have previously footnotes. service to Commandant Kelley and felt some compunction to report their By the logic of the SEC, the untold hun millions of newspaper readers. Now chauffeured transportation, exclusive dreds of dollars saved by not disclosing de the error has been corrected as best as country club memberships, or other tails of executive compensation will no possible. Unfortunately, the best company-paid executive fringe com- doubt be invested in capital equipment, new September 27, 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26007 factories and new research that eventually commentary on the Reagan administra- colleagues may have regarding to this will trickle down into jobs for unemployed. tion's regard for the public's right to know.e legislation, and 1 welcome their sup- The sad reality is that any piddling sav THE RESIDENTIAL RENTAL UNIT ings from weakening the reporting require CONVERSION MORATORIUM MARIA TERRY ments will be more than offset by the new AND TENANTS ASSISTANCE perquisites that are likely to be paid as the ACT result of the new policy. HON. JUUAN C. DIXON Anyone who understands the workings of OF CALIFORNIA regulations knows what happens when the HON. GARY L. ACKERMAN government establishes a threshold for the OF NEW YORK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES enforcement of any rule-all the action IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, September 27, 1983 tends to take place right outside the door. Tuesday, September 27, 1983 By requiring companies to report execu • Mr. DIXON. Mr. Speaker, while tive fringe benefits that amount to more e Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Speaker, Members of Congress are often than 10 percent of cash compensation wishes to ex press it's gratitude to your agency for your cial activism. At the present time, they wife Theodora and his children. But it are the only public officials who are is strange how everyone who knew quick response and staff participation in it's Colorado River Emergency Relief Program. not accountable to any constituency. him-and those who did not-feel that As a result of the meeting held here in the This is especially dangerous now that more than anything else, we have lost OEO Southern Region Office, on July 1, the judiciary has begun to try to a good friend of the community. And 1983, we will be able to provide possible expand their role to include policy so, Mr. Speaker, I want his family to flood victims in the Colorado River area making. This was not the intention of know that while he is missed at home, with emergency assistance in the immediate the framers of the Constitution and in Harlem, and in New York City, we future. Thank you for your cooperation. We look several judges have flagrantly over in Congress and the Nation as a whole stepped the bounds of their authority will miss the contributions that forward to working with you on this joint project. in this area. An examination of specif Johnny Hartman continuously made. Sincerely, ic cases shows the detrimental effects Fortunately for us, his memory and RICHARD M. TAFOYA, the songs will continue to be with us.e of this situation: Southern Region Manager.e In 1981, an 8th Circuit Court of Appeals Judge reversed the decision of a jury which TO COMMEND THE COMMUNITY FEDERAL COURT SYSTEM unanimously convicted a man of robbery SERVICES DEPARTMENT OF REFORM and assault in 1973. The assailant, five years SAN BERNARDINO after his trial and conviction, objected to the composition of the jury during his trial. HON. DON SUNDQUIST Because witnesses could not be assembled so HON. JERRY LEWIS OF TENNESSEE many years after the crime, the man was OF CALIFORNIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES not retried and was set free. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In 1975 a man committed and was convict Tuesday, September 27, 1983 ed of three counts of robbery with a deadly Tuesday, September 27, 1983 e Mr. SUNDQUIST. Mr. Speaker, weapon. Two years later, he appealed his • Mr. LEWIS of California. Mr. after reviewing the results of my conviction claiming ineffective counsel. Speaker, I am sure my colleagues re recent questionnaire I learned that Both the lower state court and the Missouri Supreme Court ruled against his motion. member the Colorado flooding disaster the residents of my district over But in 1980, the criminal filed a writ of which seriously afflicted my district in whelmingly prefer tougher crime habeas corpus in federal district court. After California as well as the six surround measures and support a review of Fed a full evidentiary hearing the Judge dis ing States. I would like to take this op eral judges after a 10- or 15-year missed the petition. However, the 8th Cir portunity to commend a most effective tenure. For this reason, I am introduc cuit Court of Appeals accepted the appeal emergency relief team, the Communi ing two pieces of legislation today, and contrary to the lower state and federal ty Services Department of San Bernar aimed at reforming our Federal court courts, decided the man was denied effective dino County, for their efforts regard system. counsel and released him. ing the Colorado River emergency The first bill amends the Constitu It is clear from these facts and many relief program. tion of the United States relative to other examples that we must provide It is indeed comforting to know that the appointment and tenure of Feder some mechanism in our judicial in the event of a disaster, such as the al judges below the level of the Su system that will make judges account Colorado River flood crisis, that there preme Court. Currently, Federal able for actions such as these. September 27, 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26009 This legislation will also lead to judi again be founded in the people and An important impact of this legisla cial accountability in sentencing. At not in the whims of an uncontrolled tion would be the clarification of our the present time, a great amount of Federal judge. sentencing goals. A lack of goal clarifi disparity in sentencing exists. Two Along with this legislation, I am also cation is the cause of many sentencing persons convicted of the same crime introducing a bill to establish sentenc disparities. In effect, criminal justice is can receive greatly varying sentences. ing guidelines in the Federal courts. administered by men not by an act en In a study involving 50 Federal judges This is one of a number of measures compassing norms. and 20 actual cases, the extent to proposed to eliminate sentencing dis The goals of sentencing take several which disparity exists was revealed. In parities throughout the Federal court diverse forms. Rehabilitation-reform one case involving extortion and system. ing offenders through treatment and income tax violations, sentences As I have already mentioned, judges corrective measures aimed at making ranged from 20 years and $65,000 fine today are given a great deal of latitude them productive citizens-usually to only 3 years in prison. Disparities when sentencing convicts. This lati brings more lenient sentences. Howev such as these are often the result of tude has resulted in widely varying er, the effectiveness of rehabilitation the gross leniency practiced by some sentences for persons convicted of has been questioned. A survey of over of our Federal judges. similar crimes. When the current laws 200 studies on this subject showed This proposal will make judges ac were written, the broad sentencing little reason to believe that rehabilita countable for their actions by limiting guidelines were intended to allow tion programs reduce the number of their tenure. This would facilitate judges to choose a sentence which fit repeat offenders. The more utilitarian their removal from office if necessary. the individual circumstances of each goals tend to carry harsher sentences The House of Representatives has case. The result has been that judges with them. Such goals would be gener voted the Articles of Impeachment for only nine Federal judges, the most use this latitude to shape sentences to al deterrence imposing penalties that recent being Halstead L. Ritter in their own personal definition of jus are severe enough to discourage others 1936. Clearly, this indicates that tice. from committing similar crimes; spe judges in recent history have not been The goal of this measure is to elimi cial deterrence-imposing penalties held accountable for their decisions. nate inconsistencies that occur from severe enough to discourage the of In light of the new judicial activism, it court to court and to promote justice fender from committing any more is a cause of great concern to others and certainty in sentencing. This is to crimes; and incapacitation-removing like myself who believe that no public be achieved through a system of an offender from society so that he official should have such freedom to guidelines that prescribe sentences de cannot commit additional crimes. By make decisions without some mecha pendent upon the history of the de clarifying the goals of our criminal nism for accountability. Limited fendant and the nature of the crime. justice system, sentencing guidelines tenure will help to insure that judges The guidelines would be submitted pe that meet their needs can be instituted do not overstep the bounds of their riodically by a Committee on Sentenc rather than forcing the disparate constitutionally prescribed powers. ing established within the Judicial minds of the Federal judiciary to Although this proposal may seem Conference of the United States. After make personal value judgments on radical, and examination of relevant submission, the Congress would have which goals and sentences are appro facts shows that this is not the case. 180 days to act before the guidelines priate. During a 1972 hearing on a similar took effect. This legislation also deals with the bill, Senator BYRD presented evidence, These guidelines would be in keep question of the Parole Commission. At which is still current for 1983, showing ing with current trends in America. the present time, parole boards have a that only 3 of the 50 States provide no Many States now have mandatory sen great deal of influence over the length fixed term for State judges; the other tencing in a number of forms. Forty of time a criminal spends in prison. 47 have limited tenure. It was also three have laws providing mandatory Prisoners can appeal their sentences noted that most of these 4 7 States had sentences for persons convicted of vio to the Parole Commission to have made changes to the present arrange lent crimes-murder, rape, and so them shortened. Critics, however, ment based on prior unsatisfactory ex forth. Mandatory sentences for nar point to the fact that parole boards perience with life tenure. At the cotics and firearm offenses are also are even further removed from the present time, 2 of the 3 States that common. Thirty-seven States have crime than the judge which could have no fixed term, Massachusetts and mandatory prison terms for certain impair their ability to weigh the facts New Hampshire, have a retirement violations of gun laws and 29 have of the case. In addition, the ability of age of 70. Only Rhode Island has life them for certain drug offenders. In ad a parole board to predict the future tenure for its State judges. They can, dition, mandatory prison terms exist behavior of prisoners is called into however, be removed from office by a in 30 States for career or habitual of question. In a study on parole deci vote of the State legislature. These fenders. As these figures indicate, a sions in New York State over a typical statistics would seem to indicate that move toward "fixed" or "determinate" 5-year period, half of all those let out the proposed legislation is not as radi sentencing is occurring across the on parole either commit a crime or vio cal as it first appears and that it is in country. late parole rules. After considering keeping with current widespread Similar guidelines have recently these facts, it seems clear that our trends in America. been instituted in the State of Mary Federal judges could do a better job of If we in the legislature want to pre land. This was done with the near handling the problems that arise with serve the credibility of our Federal unanimous support of judges at the a prisoner's sentence than the Parole court system, we must act now to annual meeting of the State's Judicial Commission. make the necessary changes. My pro Conference. The current use of guide This bill provides greater certainty posal to provide set terms for Federal lines throughout the State is the cul in sentencing which will lead to great judges with provisions for reappoint mination of a 2-year pilot project in er deterrence of crime. Although this ment insures a degree of accountabil selected areas. The most important is not the ultimate solution to the ity. It guarantees that we can review point to note is that the program was crime problem, it is certainly a step in the performance of our judges to see if initiated by the judges themselves. the right direction. their decisions follow societal norms. The Maryland State judges like many I invite my colleagues to support We will no longer be forced to suffer others around the country have recog these bills in an effort to begin to the dictates of a judge who oversteps nized the need to correct the inequi eliminate the inconsistencies and up the bounds of judicial authority. The ties in sentencing that exist in our grade the quality of our Federal court basis of our system of justice will once criminal justice system. system.e