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Biodiversity Assessment Toolkit The Zoological Society of London Biodiversity & Oil Palm Project VERSION 1, SEPTEMBER Edited by Imanuddin Sophie Persey Dolly Priatna Laura D’Arcy Lili Sadikin Michal Zrust The Zoological Society of London Biodiversity & il Palm Project This document was compiled by the Zoological Society of London’s Conservation Programme in Indonesia as part of the Biodiversity & Oil Palm Project, in collaboration with the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI). Between October 2009 and September 2011 this project was funded by a grant from the Biodiversity & Agricultural Commodities Programme, with match funding from Wilmar International. BACP BIODIVERSITY AND AGRICULTURAL LIPI COMMODITIES PROGRAM Table of Contents i Table of Contents List of Tables ........................................................................................................... iii List of Boxes ............................................................................................................ iv List of Figures .......................................................................................................... iv List of Abbreviations and Acronyms .............................................................................. v INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1 HOW TO USE THIS TOOLKIT .................................................................................... 3 PROCESS FOR IDENTIFYING HCV SPECIES (HCV 1.2, 1.3 & 1.4) AND THEIR HABITATS AS PART OF AN HCV ASSESSMENT IN OIL PALM ...................................................................................................................... 7 MONITORING BIODIVERSITY TO DETERMINE THE EFFICACY OF HCV MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................. 12 RECOMMENDED METHODS FOR RAPID ASSESSMENT AND LONG TERM MONITORING .............................................................................................. 14 COMMUNITY INTERVIEWS ..................................................................................... 14 MAMMALS ............................................................................................................ 17 Methods Suitable for All Mammals ................................................................. 17 1. Reconnaissance transects (Recce walk) ................................................... 17 2. Line Transect Sampling ........................................................................... 18 Methods Suitable for Medium & Large Mammals ........................................... 22 1. Occupancy surveys .................................................................................. 22 2. Camera trapping ..................................................................................... 23 Methods Suitable for Primates ........................................................................ 27 1. Nest counts (Distance Sampling) ............................................................. 27 ii Table of Contents Methods Suitable for Small Terrestrial Mammals ................................ 31 1. Box Traps .................................................................................... 31 Methods Suitable for Bats ................................................................... 33 2. Mist netting ................................................................................ 33 3. Harp traps ................................................................................... 35 BIRDS ......................................................................................................... 40 1. Species inventory ............................................................................ 40 2. MacKinnon Lists .............................................................................. 41 3. Line Transect Sampling ................................................................... 43 4. Point Transect Sampling .................................................................. 45 5. Mist netting ..................................................................................... 47 REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS ...................................................................... 52 1. Visual Encounter Surveys with timed searches ............................... 52 2. Line Transects with Visual Encounter Surveys ................................. 53 3. Quadrat/Patch Sampling ................................................................. 55 FISH .......................................................................................................... 59 1. Live Capture .................................................................................... 59 VEGETATION .............................................................................................. 64 1. Quadrat Method ............................................................................. 64 2. Distance Methods (Plot-less) .......................................................... 65 USEFUL LINKS/RESOURCES ....................................................................... 69 ANNEX 1 .................................................................................................... 72 ANNEX 2 .................................................................................................... 73 List of Tables iii List of Tables Table 1. Summary of all the methods of primary data collection described in this toolkit ............................................................................................ 10 Table 2 Examples of habitat variables .................................................................... 13 Table 3. Summary of methods for rapid assessment and monitoring of all mammals ...................................................................... 21 Table 4. Summary of methods of rapid assessment and monitoring of medium-large mammals .......................................................................... 26 Table 5. Summary of methods of rapid assessment and monitoring of primates ................................................................................................... 29 Table 6. Summary of methods for rapid assessment and monitoring of small mammals ........................................................................................ 37 Table 7. Summary of methods for rapid assessment and monitoring of birds ......................................................................................................... 49 Table 8. Summary of methods for rapid assessment and monitoring of Reptiles and Amphibians .......................................................................... 57 Table 9. List of trap/net can be used for biodiversity assessment and monitoring .......................................................................................... 60 Table 10. Summary of equipment used for rapid assessment and monitoring of fish ..................................................................................... 62 Table 11. Summary of methods used for rapid assessments and monitoring of vegetation .......................................................................... 67 iv List of Boxes/List of Figures List of Boxes Box 1. The RSPO Principles and Criteria relating to biodiversity (Based on the National Interpretation for Indonesia) .................................................. 1 Box 2. HCV Criteria for Indonesia ........................................................................... 2 Box 3. Defining ‘High Conservation Value’ species in Indonesia ............................. 4 List of Figures Figure 1. Flow chart highlighting how each section of this toolkit can assist planning and carrying out a biodiversity assessment ......................... 11 List of Abbreviations and Acronyms v Table of Abbreviations and Acronyms Abbreviation Full Name Africa African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Convention Resources ARTS Adaptive reccee transect sampling ASL Above sea level AEWA African-Eurasian Waterbird Agreement CARPE Central Africa Regional Programme for the Environment CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CMS Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals ECWAS Economic Community of West African States EIA Environmental impact assessment FPIC Free, prior, informed consent FSC Forest Stewardship Council GIS Global information systems GISP Global Invasive Species Programme GPS Global positioning system HCV High conservation value HCVN High conservation value network HCVMA High conservation value management area HWC Human-wildlife conflict vi List of Abbreviations and Acronyms IAIA International Association for Impact Assessment IUCN World Conservation Union (International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) KPI Key performance indicator UN United Nations UNFCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change IAIA United Nations Environment Programme IDR Republic of Indonesia Rupiah LIPI Indonesian Insitute of Science MOU Memorandum of understanding MVP Minimum viable population NGO Non-governmental organisation NTFP Non-timber forest products P & C Principles and Criteria PT Indonesian Limited Company (Perseroan Terbatas) RSPO Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil SLIMFs Small and Low Intensity Managed Forests SOP Standard operating procedure USD United states of America Dollar WCS Wildlife Conservation Society ZSL Zoological
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