NON-WESTERN SHIPPING MOVEMENTS IN THE AND GULF OF DURING THE 2ND AND 3RD DECADES OF THE 17TH CENTURY, ACCORDING TO THE RECORDS OF THE DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY*

(PART 2)

BY

C.G. BROUWER Amsterdam

Part 2: Aspects of the Shipping Traffic. Conclusion. List of Sources.

ASPECTS OF THE SHIPPING TRAFFIC l. Networks of ports

With which overseas ports the coastal towns of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden maintained direct or indirect shipping connections in the period under consideration? We can, in fact, reconstruct such networks of interrelated seaports from the information included in the List of Shipping Movements, from numerous explicit state- ments of a general nature in the actual sources, and, in rare cases, from data implicitly supplied by the documents. As a matter of course vague geographic references such as "Ba- nian" or "foreign" are of no use;66 indications such as "" or "India", however, are not without some value.67 A small num-

* Part 1 of this article appeared in WI 31 (1991) pp. 105 -167. 66 Other useless references: Moorish, Turkish, Mogul, Rum, Italy, whether or not allied with the Portuguese and Spaniards, other ports, various places, all possi- ble ports, unmentioned ports, foreign, unfree. 67 Other indications such as "Yemen": Arabia, Madagascar, Persia, Gujarat, Malabar, Ceylon, Coromandel, Bengal, Sumatra, China, Japan, Asia. 7 ber of places mentioned in the texts should be subsumed under other towns: "Cairo", 'Misr", "Egypt" and "Alexandria", for in- stance, under "Suez" .68 Hypothetical shipping movements (H) do not imply any connection between ports, whereas uncompleted (U), planned (P) or broken off (N) voyages are as indicative for existing lines as actually accomplished journeys. Finally, whether a Red Sea port functions as a port of departure, arrival, call or destination makes no difference for reconstructing the networks. The shipping networks including A) Yemeni and B) non-Yemeni ports are listed below:69

A) Yemeni ports

Kamaran : - 1 AI-Mukha.70

Luhayya : -1 Al-Mukh£; - 2 Nagnah; 3 Hudayda : -1 Al-Mukhd; - 2 Miani; 3 Diu; 4 Cambaya; 5 Surat.?2 Al-Mukha : -1 Kamaran; 2 Luhayya; 3 Hudayda; 4 Aden; 5 Mu- kalla; 6 Al-Shihr; 7 Hayridj; 8 Kishn; 9 Yemen; - 10 Suez; 11 Jedda; 12 Arabia; 13 Suwdkin; 14 Dah- . lak; 15 Zayla'; - 16 Mogadishu; 17 Pati; 18 Malindi; 19 Madagascar; - 20 Persia; 21 "Pragana"; 22 Sind; 23 Cutch; 24 Nagnah; 25 "Gingut"; 26 Miani; 27 Diu; 28 Goga; 29 Ahmadabad; 30 Cambay; 31 Baroda; 32 Broach; 33 Surat; 34 Gujarat; 35 Daman; 36 Bassein; 37 Chaul; 38 Dabhol; 39 Carpatan; 40 Goa; 41 Bacanore; 42 Mangalore; 43 Cannanore;

68 Under Jedda: ; under Zaylac: Ethiopia, Abyssinia; under Surat: Suhali; under Chaul: Deccan, Visiapur; and under Masulipatnam: Golconda. 69 For each port numbered below only one source reference is given in the foot- notes, information derived from the List of Shipping Movements having priority over data from general statements. As to sigla used see the List of Sources and nn. 73 (for R) and 82 (for G). 70 M99. 71 1: M151; 2: M152; 3: M151. 72 1: M153; 2: M155; 3: M153; 4: M154; 5: M132.