Symposium 2 Electroanalysis and Sensors

Symposium 2

Electroanalysis and Sensors

57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry S2·KN-1

Lab-on-a-Chip and Lab-on-a-Pill Technologies Providing the Functional Framework for New Biological Measurements. Keynote Jonathan M. Cooper* Department of Electronics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland *[email protected] Symposium 2 - The growing need for accurate and fast methods of DNA and protein in the post- genome era has generated considerable interest in the development of new microfluidic analytical platforms, fabricated using methods adapted from the semi-conductor industry. These Lab-on-a-Chip methods often involve having a miniaturised biochip (as an analytical device), with rather larger instrumentation associated with the control ensors of the associated sensors and of fluidics. This talk will explore the development of new Lab-on-a-Chip platforms for DNA and cell screening, using microfluidics as a packaging technology in order to enable advances in nanoscale science to be implemented. Particular emphasis will be placed on a series of new sensor formats, including recent development in the use of optical nanoparticles as DNA sensors for rapid assessment of bacterial microbial infection, and soft-lithographic approaches to make novel electrophysiological measurements in cell chip formats. The talk will also show how system-on-a-chip methods can also be integrated with Electroanalysis and S Lab-on-a-Chip devices to create remote and distributed intelligent sensors, which can be used in a variety of diagnostic applications, including for example remote biosensing within the GI tract. S2·KN-2 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry

New Frontiers of Ion-Selective Electrodes

Eric Bakker* Purdue University, Deprtment of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A.

Keynote *[email protected]

Many new impulses into the ﬁeld of ion-selective electrodes have occurred in recent years. They include a better understanding of the underlying response mechanism, which enabled one to assess complex formation constants of ionophores in polymeric Symposium 2 - sensing membranes and to determine the true selectivity of these sensors. Incidentally, these selectivities are often found to be orders of magnitude better than previously reported in the literatre. This in turn has initiated the search for the reason of the historically mediocre detection limits of these devices, and much progress has been

ensors achieved recently in the realization of ion sensors that can be used at true trace levels. These advances have spurred further research activity. Ion-selective electrodes are now explored for the determination of trace leve concentrations in conﬁned samples volumes. This has important implications in bioanalysis, where nanoparticle labels can be used that release ions that are detectable by potentiometry. Potentimetry is also being coupled to chemical or electrochemical accumulation processes, in analogy to stripping voltammetry, in order to achieve detection limits that surpass any known electroanalytical technique.

Electroanalysis and S This talk will also touch on the development of instrumental methods to control ion- selective electrodes, which can be understood as a bridge between potentiometry and ion transfer voltammetry. Optimized electrochemical protocols can lead to sensor responses that have the same look and feel as traditional ion-selective electrodes, but the ion extraction process is controlled instrumentally. This lead to possibilities that have so far been outside the reach of potentiometric sensors, include the achievement of reversible sensors on the basis of irreversible reactions, and the controlled perturbation of the sample near the sensor membrane to gain additional information such as buffer capacity or to achieve an order of magnitude higher sensitivity compared to that dictated by the Nernstian equation. 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry S2·KN-3

Chemical speciation using microelectrodes

Stan van den Berg*, Pascal Salaun and Conrad Chapman Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GP, UK

*[email protected] Keynote

Copper and other metals can be determined by anodic stripping voltammetry using mercury electrodes. In this process the metals are plated in metallic form and are subsequently reoxidised during the voltammetric scan. On a bare gold electrode this

process is quite different, which is apparent in a large peak shift for copper and some Symposium 2 - other metals. Instead of deposition by plating, the process is based on adsorption of metal-halide species and is usually called underpotential deposition. We have investigated the process for the determination of copper and mercury in seawater and dilute hydrochloric acid using gold microwire electrodes (5 µm diameter). The experiments indicate that species with bromide and chloride control the deposition of ensors these metals. Using optimised conditions copper and mercury can be determined at picomolar levels in seawater. Further experiments will be reported in which effects of chemical speciation is investigated. Electroanalysis and S S2·KN-4 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry

A microelectrode dissolved oxygen for oceanography A microelectrode dissolved oxygen for oceanography Maciej Sosna1, Guy Denuault1*, Matt Mowlem2, Robin W. Pascal2 and Ralf D. 3 Maciej Sosna1, Guy Denuault1*, Matt MowlemPrien 2, Robin W. Pascal2 and Ralf D. Prien3 1 2 Keynote 1 School School of of Chemistry, Chemistry, UniversityUniversity ofof Southampton, Southampton,Southampton, SO17 SO17 1BJ, 1BJ, UK, UK, 2National National OceanographyOceanography Centre-Southampton, Centre-Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, Southampton, SO14 SO14 3ZH, 3ZH, UK, UK, 3 Baltic Sea Research Institute, Seestraße 15, 18119 Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany 3 Baltic Sea Research Institute, Seestraße 15, 18119 Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany *[email protected] *[email protected]

A robust, low maintenance dissolved oxygen microelectrode sensor will be presented with a reliable calibration method suitable for any oxygen sensor. Primarily developed Symposium 2 - for oceanographic applications, the sensor measures the diffusion controlled current for oxygen reduction at a Pt microdisc. A potential waveform is used to recondition the electrode surface. Although the electrode roughness increases, the amperometric response is found to be very stable, Fig. 1. A calibration based on concentration and

ensors dilution was used to test the sensor. Excellent linearity, Fig. 2, was obtained for all electrodes tested and in each case, the number of apparent electrons for the reduction of oxygen was estimated. It will be shown that the dissolved oxygen concentration can also be obtained from the analytical expression for the limiting current taking into account the diffusion coefficient dependence on temperature and salinity. Errors were estimated: with fewer parameters needed, calibration leads to the lowest errors and yields a detection limit as low as 0.9 µM with a 50 µm diameter Pt disc; although dependent on several parameters the analytical approach was estimated to yield a concentration with a relative error circa 11% for the 50 µm diameter Pt disc. Overall the results obtained show that the microdisc electrodes yield remarkably stable Electroanalysis and S amperometric response. Recordings of oxygen depth profiles in the ocean have been carried out.

2 Fig. 1 Sensor response in air-saturated 2.6 0 0.5 M NaCl at 25 °C. Inset: / nA / 2.4 i -2 voltammograms in 1 M H2SO4 before –1 nA / i (…) and after () 24 h; ν=200 mV s .

- - -4 -0.4 0.0 0.4 0.8 2.2 E / V vs SMSE Pt microdisc 10 µm ∅.

2.0

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 t / h

20 80 a=25 µm 60 16 40 Fig. 2 Calibration curves in 0.5 M 20 NaCl at 25 °C for different Pt 0 12 0 250 500 750 1000 a=12.5 µm microdiscs. Inset: same but including / nA / lim i 8 responses in oxygen saturated solutions. 4 a=5 µm

0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 C / M O2 µ

57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry S2·KN-5

Coupled enzymatic and electrochemical reactions on microstructured template surfaces investigated by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) Keynote Gunther Wittstock* Institut für Reine und Angewandte Chemie und Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D- 26111 Oldenburg (Germany), *[email protected]

Templated surfaces provide an convenient way of creating spatial patterns of biocatalysts, that allow complex reaction sequences to be carried out by the close Symposium 2 - proximity of the various active regions. SECM can be used to provide spatial images of the reactivity by also to provide a more detailed analysis of the local kinetics. Our group has used templated self-assembled monolayers (SAM). They have been

either produced by microcontact printing of by localized electrochemical desorption ensors using SECM as a tool to surface modiﬁcation. The templated monolayers have been further processed by covalent attachment of enzymes, by layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolytes into which one enzyme was integrated as a polyelectrolete. In this way the templates do not only provide the basis of lateral patterning but also allow a designed combination of crystalline inorganic supports with ﬂexible molecular structures. Alternatively polymer microstructures with immobilized enzymes can be assembled on surfaces. SECM has been used to monitor the passivating properties of different monolayer

systems. While this may be interesting for itself, it allows to navigate an SECM probe Electroanalysis and S on patterns that were created by other techniques such as microcontact printing. A subsequent application of a SECM-based surface modification technique allows to further modify such layers and thus provides a convenient flexible way of their further modification. Recently we succeeded in quantitatively modelling the SECM response over such structures using the boundary element method (BEM). Steady-state systems of arbitrary 3D geometries can be treated if the boundary conditions can be described as linear functions of the local concentration - a condition that is full-filled for most SECM experiments. Application of the above concepts can be seen in a number of chemically completely different systems: (i) Similar to artificial structures containing enzymes, also site directed cell adhesion can be directed using microelectrochemical methods to lift the cytophobic character of oligo (ethylene glycol)-terminated SAM and allows for the site directed sequential introduction of different cell populations. (ii) Oxide layers on titanium-based alloys show different passivating properties depending on the composition, crystallographic orientation, and the redox species by which they are probed. (iii) Imaging local enzymes acivity can be used to devise readout procedures for enzyme labels in biochips. It may also serve a signal generation process to read out high-density electrophoresis gels, in particular because this may be compared to sensitive but not selective reading after silver staining. S2·KN-6 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry

A Novel Electrochemical Viral Sensor for the Detection A Novel Electrochemicalof Pathogenic and Viral Polluting Sensor forBacteria the Detection of Pathogenic and Polluting Bacteria T. Neufeld, E. Yagil, M. Yemini. Y. Levi, and J. Rishpon *

Keynote T. Neufeld, E. Yagil, M. Yemini. Y. Levi, and J. Rishpon * Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv 69978 Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv 69978 *[email protected] *[email protected]

We describe a new electrochemical sensor for the rapid identification and quantification of bacteria, based on detection by bacteriophage (phage), a virus that recognizes, infects, and lyses only one bacterial species among mixed populations. The Symposium 2 - phage acts both as a specific biological recognition element and a lytic agent, releasing intracellular bacterial enzymes. Enzymatic activity is measured amperometrically by on-line monitoring of a culture medium mixture containing substrate, placed in a disposable, screen-printed, electrochemical cell connected to an eight-channel-based

ensors potentiostat. For the specific detection of E. coli, we used the highly specific λ-phage/-galactosidase system. The product of enzymatic activity, p-aminophenol, is oxidized at the working electrode with an applied potential of 220 mV vs the reference electrode Ag/AgCl, at a sensitivity of at least 105 cells/ml. Pre-concentration and preincubation enabled the detection of a single bacterial cell in 100 mL within 6 hours [1]. We used the same approach to detect other bacteria, using Bacillus cereus/ phage 7064-B1 as a model system for B. anthracis (causative agent of anthrax) and Mycobacterium smegmatis/phage D29 as a model system for M. tuberculosis (causative agent of tuberculosis). Phage specificity enabled the detection of all target bacteria even in the presence of other microorganisms at high concentrations. We also used a Electroanalysis and S genetically engineered bacteriophage system for which we constructed a phagemid-a bacteriophage containing a bacterial plasmid bearing a gene encoding for the enzyme alkaline phosphatase. This modification increased the sensitivity of the E. coli sensor by ten folds and shortened the measuring time [2]. To conclude, the combination of amperometric detection of intrinsic enzymes as cell markers and phage-specific identification of bacteria provides a powerful tool for the rapid and highly specific sensitive detection of bacterial strains at low cost.

References [1] T. Neufeld, A. Schwartz-Mittelmann, D. Biran, E.Z Ron, J. Rishpon, Anal Chem. 75 (2003) 580. [2] T Neufeld, A. S. Mittelman, V. Buchner, J. Rishpon, Anal. Chem. 77 (2005) 652.

57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry S2·KN-7

Adhesion and proliferation of neuronal cells on electrosynthesized polymers. Development of a biosensor for odour detection. Keynote Sophie Lakard1,*, Guillaume Herlem1, Tijani Gharbi2, Boris Lakard1, Germaine Michel3, Eric Lesniewska4, Patrick Sandoz2, Claudine Botteri3 1 LCMI, University of Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon, France 2 FEMTO-ST Institute, 32 Avenue de l’Observatoire, F-25044 Besançon, France 3 Laboratory of Neurosciences, 1 Place Leclerc, F-25030 Besançon, France 4 LPUB, 9 Avenue Savary, B.P.47870, F-21078 Dijon, France *[email protected] Symposium 2: Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 -

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in polymers as a tool for biological and biomedical applications. Indeed, many polymer films, which can grow on an electrode surface by electrochemical polymerization, are interesting due to their ensors biocompatibility. For example, we show in this study that olfactory cells can grow on polymer films previously coated on silicon or Fluorin doped Tin Oxide surfaces. The first aim of this work was to determine which polymers could be useful for cell culture. Indeed, to be useful a polymer has to be biocompatible and to allow cells to adhere and proliferate. Thus, we have synthesized different biocompatible polymers (polyethyleneimine, polypropyleneimine, poly(p-phenylenediamine) and polypyrrole) on silicon or FTO surfaces using electrochemistry. Then, we cultivated neuronal cells of rat and tested their adhesion and proliferation by putting olfactory cells in contact with conducting surfaces, previously coated with Electroanalysis and S a polymer, in a culture medium. Then we let the olfactory cells adhere. During their growth we observed the evolution of their morphology using a confocal microscope. This qualitative observation allowed us to conclude that their development was normal. More the adhesion and the proliferation rates were calculated for each polymer to quantify and compare the ability of the cells to adhere and proliferate on the different polymers. These rates indicated that polyethyleneimine and polypropyleneimine are the most appropriate polymers to cultivate olfactory cells [1]. So we proved that a surface coated with PEI or PPI is a good substrate for the culture of olfactory cells. Since we have already developed biosensors using polymer films coated on conducting surfaces and since we showed that the culture of olfactory cells is possible on electrosynthesized polymers, we have then elaborated a microsystem using these polymers as cell culture supports [2]. Since each olfactory cell is able to recognize a specific odour, this microsystem can be used as a sensor of odour, called a bio-nose, which could be very useful for water pollution control or drug’s detection.

[1] S. Lakard , G. Herlem , A. Propper , A. Kastner , G. Michel , N. Vallès-Villarreal , T. Gharbi, B. Fahys, Bioelectrochemistry 62 (2004), p. 19. [2] S. Lakard, G. Herlem, N. Valles-Villareal, G. Michel, A. Propper, T. Gharbi, B. Fahys, Biosensors and Bioelectronics 20 (2005), p. 1946.

57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry S2·O-1

On- and off-Chip Electrochemistry coupled to Electrospray Mass Spectrometry

Leif Nyholm*1, Camilla Zettersten2 and Per Sjöberg2 1Dept. of Materials Chemistry, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden 2Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 599, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden *[email protected]

The coupling of an electrochemical cell to electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS)1 provides a very powerful tool for studies of electrochemical reactions as well as for Symposium 2 - Oral the analysis of electroactive compounds. With ESI-MS it is possible to identify and quantitate electrochemically produced oxidation and reduction products. It is also possible to utilise electrochemical reactions for the preconcentration and/or ionisation of selected analytes as well as for tagging purposes2. The coupling of electrochemical cells to ESI-MS is however complicated by the need to decouple the electrochemical cell from the ESI-MS high voltage and the fact that the electrospray process itself involves electrochemical reactions1. Care also needs to be taken to ensure that the electrochemically generated products do not undergo unwanted redox reactions between the electrochemical cell and the mass spectrometer3 and to reduce the transfer time between the electrochemical cell and the mass spectrometer. In the present communication, on- and off-chip couplings of electrochemistry to ESI-MS will be discussed with a particular emphasis on the design of the electrochemical cell. It will be demonstrated that the design of the electrochemical cell and the ﬂow system in general can affect the appearence of the mass spectra and the possibilities to detect Electroanalysis and Sensors an electrochemically generated species. A PDMS based device4 allowing an on-chip coupling of an electrochemical cell to ESI-MS with a subsecond transfer time will likewise be described.

References 1 G. J. Van Berkel in “Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry”, R. B. Cole (Ed.), Wiley, New York, 1997. 2 T. C. Rohner, J. S. Rossier and H. H. Girault, Electrochem. Commun., 4 (2002) 695. 3 F. C. Bökman, C. Zettersten, P. J. R. Sjöberg and L. Nyholm, Anal. Chem., 76 (2004) 2017. 4 G. Liljegren, A. Dahlin, C. Zettersten, J. Bergquist and L. Nyholm, Lab Chip, 5 (2005) 1008. S2·O-2 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry

Capillary batch injection – a novel concept for sample introduction into microﬂuidic systems

F.-M. Matysik*, A. Stevens University of Leipzig, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany [email protected]

In recent years microfluidic systems with integrated electrochemical detection (ED) have attracted considerable research interest. Most of these studies were focused on chip-based electrophoresis which offers attractive features such as high-throughput Symposium 2 - Oral and point-of-care analysis. In addition, electrophoresis chips may have the character of disposable devices. Limitations of chip systems are related to problems of the interfacing of the chip-based fluidic device to the external environment, particularly regarding the requirements to fill the sample reservoirs. Another weak point of chip electrophoresis is the more or ensors less complicated voltage control to switch between sample loading and separation. As a result of this voltage switching an end-column sensing electrode may experience short-time potential changes which lead to negative effects on the stabilization of the baseline response. The present contribution introduces an alternative concept which is based on the use of a short piece of a fused silica capillary to perform electrophoretic separations as fast as in the chip format. Previous work on capillary batch injection (CBI) analysis[1] is adapted to manage sample introduction. Small sample volumes are handled with the help of a capillary connected to a microprocessor-controlled microlitre syringe. Electroanalysis and S This arrangement allows precise injections of nanolitre volumes onto the inlet of a short-length separation capillary. The separation voltage of up to 2 kV is continuously applied to the separation system during sample injection and separation which results in favourable baseline characteristics of ED. The analytical performance of the CBI-CE-ED system was studied using noradrenaline, L-dopa and ascorbic acid as model analytes in borate buffer solution. It was found that experimental parameters such as dimensions of the separation and injection capillaries, convection, alignment of separation and injection capillary and injection conditions have significant influence on the performance characteristics. For a suitable set of experimental parameters CBI-CE-ED offers fast and efficient separations complemented by reliable ED response characteristics.

References: [1] U. Backofen, W. Hoffmann, F.-M. Matysik, Anal. Chim. Acta 362 (1998) 213- 220. 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry S2·O-3

In-situ and Online Monitoring of Hydrodynamic Flow Proﬁles in Microﬂuidic Channels

Christian Amatore a, Alexander Oleinick a,b, Oleksiy V. Klymenko b, Irina Svir b,* a Ecole Normale Superieure, Department de Chimie, UMR CNRS 8640 “PASTEUR”, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France b Kharkov National University of Radioelectronics, Mathematical and Computer Modelling Laboratory, 14 Lenin Avenue, Kharkov, 61166, Ukraine *Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Perhaps the most popular trend in modern science and technology is miniaturisation Symposium 2 - Oral of various devices. Particularly, this is of importance in developing chemical or electrochemical sensors where the amount of sample required for the analysis must be minimized. In this work we will focus on a microfluidic channel system, i.e. a cell with one or more dimensions being of the order of a few microns. Such microfluidic channels have kinetic and analytical properties which can be finely tuned as a function of the hydrodynamic flow. However, although it is known from classical hydrodynamics [1] that a fully developed pressure-driven flow profile in a perfect rectangular channel ought to be parabolic, we have reasons to believe that it might not be the case under all experimental conditions. This consideration is based on the fact that experimental channels are often constructed of different materials, i.e. the floor and the ceiling of the channel may have different properties which may lead to different surface effects and henceforth to distorted flow profiles. Also the roughness of the surfaces in the case when channel height is of the order of a few microns cannot be ignored. Furthermore, when the roughness values are different at different channel walls this would again Electroanalysis and Sensors condition a distorted flow profile vis-à-vis expected classical one. Similarly, various combinations of local electro-osmotic drive occurring in parallel with the pressure- driven flow as well as other experimental situations would lead to extremely distorted flow profiles. However, presently, there is no simple and direct method to monitor the corresponding flows in situ. We propose a method [2] for reconstructing any hydrodynamic flow profile occurring locally within a rectangular microfluidic channel based on experimental currents measured at single or double microband electrodes embedded in one channel wall. A perfectly adequate quasi-conformal mapping of spatial coordinates introduced in our previous work [3] and an exponentially expanding time grid, initially proposed in [4] are used for the numerical simulation of the direct problem (i.e. simulation of current responses corresponding to arbitrary flow profiles). Then the solution of the inverse problem (the problem of flow profile determination) is approached using the corresponding variational formulation whose solution is performed by the Ritz method.

References [1] V.G. Levich, Physico-chemical hydrodynamics, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 1952. [2] C. Amatore, A. Oleinick, O.V. Klymenko, I. Svir, ChemPhysChem. 6 (2005) 1581. [3] C. Amatore, A. Oleinick, I. Svir, Electrochem. Commun. 6 (2004) 1123. [4] C. Amatore, I. Svir, J. Electroanal. Chem. 557 (2003) 75. S2·O-4 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry

Disposable, Low-cost, Injection-moulded Disposable,Electrochemical Low-cost, Flowcells Injection-moulded with Integrated Electrochemical Carbon FlowcellsFibre-Loaded with Integrated Polymer CarbonElectrodes Fibre-Loaded for Voltammetric Polymer Electrodes for Applications.Voltammetric Applications. 1* 2 1 1 Sara J. Baldock 1*, Nahid Gharib Naseri2, Peter R. Fielden1, Nick J. Goddard1 and Sara J. Baldock , Nahid Gharib Naseri , Peter R. Fielden3 , Nick J. Goddard and Anastasios Economou3 1)1) School School of of ChemicalChemical Engineering and and Analytical Analytical Science, Science, University University of Manchester,of Manchester, PO BOXPO BOX 88, 88,Manchester, Manchester, M60 M60 1QD. 1QD.

Symposium 2 - Oral 2)2) Petroleum Petroleum University University of ofTechnology, Technology, PO POBOX BOX 63431, 63431, Kut Abdualah,Kut Abdualah, Ahwaz-Abadan Ahwaz-Abadan Rd., Ahwaz, Rd., Ahwaz,Iran Iran 3) Laboratory3) Laboratory of of Analytical Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry, DepartmentDepartment ofof Chemisty,Chemisty, Aristotle Aristotle University University of of Thessaloniki,Thessaloniki, ThessalonikiThessaloniki 541 24,24, Greece. Greece. *[email protected]*[email protected] ensors By applying polymer microfabrication technologies such as injection moulding to electrochemical sensor fabrication the mass production of reproducible, low-cost devices, which can essentially be considered disposable, is possible. A novel, fully polymeric, three electrode micro-flow cell has been created by using an overmoulding procedure to produce an integrated electrochemical flowcell (see figure 1). The working (WE), auxiliary (AUX) and reference electrodes (RE) were fabricated from a conducting grade of carbon fibre-loaded (40%) polystyrene and used either bare or modified (e.g. by e-beam deposition of metal Au or Ag layers, or by application of metal pastes such as Au and Ag/AgCl) to form working and reference electrodes.

Electroanalysis and S The devices have been successfully evaluated for a range of electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV), electrochemiluminescence and catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetry. Device-to- device reproducibility was investigated with a study of ASV behaviour of a 500 ppb Cd solution and CV experiments of model redox compounds, such as dopamine and 4- methyl catechol (shown in figure 2), were performed to examine the electrochemical properties of the electrode materials.

Figure 1. An injection moulded Figure 2. CV of 2mM 4-methyl electrochemical flowcell, where RE, catechol in a flowcell with an e-beam WE and AUX are the reference deposited Au WE carried out at (Ag/AgCl paste), working (e-beam different scan rates: (a) 0.01 to (e) 0.5 deposited Au, 80 nm) and auxiliary Vs-1 electrodes respectively.

57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry S2·O-5

A screen-printed carbon electrochemical immunosensor array for the determination of mycotoxins in grain

1 2 2 3 1 R. M. Pemberton , R. Pittson , N. Biddle , G. A. Drago and J. P. Hart *. 1Centre for Research in Analytical, Materials and Sensors Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol. BS16 1QY, UK (* corresponding author:John. [email protected]). 2Gwent Electronic Materials Ltd., Monmouth House, Mamhilad Park, Pontypool, NP4 OHZ. UK. 3Applied Enzyme Technology Ltd., Monmouth House, Mamhilad Park, Pontypool, NP4 OHZ. UK.

The aflatoxins and ochratoxins are fungal metabolites with potent toxicity. Aflatoxins Symposium 2 - Oral are highly toxic and potent carcinogens, while ochratoxin A (OTA) has nephrotoxic, teratogenic, carcinogenic and immunosuppresive properties and is implicated in human nephropathies and cancers. Legislation set by the EC and increasing numbers of countries worldwide[1] places limits on the permitted levels of mycotoxins in food and feed. In order to determine and control these levels, sensitive analytical techniques are therefore required. Current detection methods for aflatoxins and OTA include TLC, HPLC, and ELISA. There remains a niche for a user-friendly, robust and reliable method/instrument which can screen samples simultaneously for a range of toxins. In this respect, electrochemical analysis using screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs)[2] offers the possibility of achieving low-level detection and rapid analysis times using low-cost consumable sensors. Electrochemical immunosensors, fabricated by drop-coating antibody against aflatoxin or OTA onto SPCE arrays, were used in a competitive immunoassay for aflatoxin or OTA. All of the assay steps were conducted by immersing the SPCEs into 96-well Electroanalysis and Sensors plate microwells. Immunosensors were exposed to mycotoxin standards mixed with biotinylated toxin conjugate. After washing, they were exposed to a streptavidin- alkaline phosphatase conjugate and were finally immersed in a 1-naphthyl phosphate substrate solution. Enzymatically-produced 1-naphthol, measured voltammetrically, gave a peak current response at +170 mV versus the Ag/AgCl reference electrode.

The current EC limit for aﬂatoxin B1 (AFB1) is 2 ng/g (2 ppb) for groundnuts, dried fruits and cereals, and for OTA is 3 ppb for processed cereals and 5 ppb for raw cereals and spices. Experimental results will be presented from studies conducted to develop electrochemical immunoassays for AFB1 and OTA using SPCEs bearing surface-adsorbed antibody. Reagent optimisation, calibration data and the results of determinations on spiked grain extracts will be presented. The intention is to construct an array of immunosensors for the simultaneous measurement of multiple mycotoxins in grain extracts. 1. Van Egmond, H.P. & Jonker, A.R.O. (2004). Worldwide regulations for mycotoxins in food and feed in 2003. FAO Food and Nutrition paper 81: Report of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome 2004. ISBN:9251051623 (http://www.fao.org/). 2. Hart, J.P., Crew, A., Crouch, E., Honeychurch, K.C. & Pemberton, R.M. (2004). Some recent designs and developments of carbon screen-printed electrochemical sensors for biomedical, environmental and industrial analyses. Anal.Lett., 37 (5) 789-830. S2·O-6 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry

Selective modiﬁcation of nanopore electrodes as sensitive Selective modification of nanopore electrodes as sensitive biosensing platform biosensing platform 1 1 1 2 LeonardLeonard StoicaStoica1,, SebastianSebastian NeugebauerNeugebauer1,, Kinga Zór1, Gerhard HartwichHartwich2,, Martin Stelzle33,, Wolfgang Schuhmann11*

1 Anal. Chem. - Elektroanalytik & Sensorik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 1 Universitätsstr.Anal. Chem. 150, - ElektroanalytikD-44780, Bochum, & Sensorik,Germany, Ruhr-Universität*[email protected] Bochum, Universitätsstr.2 150,FRIZBiochem, D-44780, StaffelseestrasseBochum, Germany, 6, D-81477 *[email protected] München 2 FRIZBiochem,3 NMI; Markwiesenstrasse Staffelseestrasse 55; D-72770 6, D-81477 Reutling Münchenen 3 NMI; Markwiesenstrasse 55; D-72770 Reutlingen

Symposium 2 - Oral The present work exemplifies the applications of a novel sensor platform, called NanoBioPore, for sensitive amperometric and impidimetric biosensors. NanoBioPore consists of an ensemble of nano-sized electrodes (presently 800 nm diameter) at the bottom of nanopores of a high-density (about 1.5 x 106 pores/mm2) that are separated from the top electrode by only 100 - 200 nm insulator (see Fig. 1) [1]. The bottom and ensors top electrodes are independently addressable allowing for the development of different immobilisation strategies aiming on the selective modification of either one of the electrodes with a biocomponent (such as ss-DNA, redox proteins, antibodies). Electro- chemical sensing of a physical interaction or of a chemical reaction between an analyte and a biological recognition element taking place in such restricted and tiny nanoreactors enables a highly sensitive detection of the biorecognition event. Electrodeposition paints [2] can be exclusively precipitated within the nanopores by applying a potential at the 200 nm Electroanalysis and S bottom electrode which invokes a local modulation of the pH-value in the pore volume. By this, the polymer is Figure 1. SEM picture of a changing its solubility and hence is precipitation in the nanopore structure. pores under simultaneous entrapment of suitable biorecognition elements. Applying a suitable potential at the top electrode significantly diminishes any polymer deposition outside the nanopores. A second strategy for selective immobilisation of biocomponents on the bottom electrode was seen in the sequential modification of top and bottom electrode with self- assembled monolayers of different thiol derivatives. This was achieved by means of potential assisted monolayer formation restricting the chemisorption at the second electrode. Using functionalized thiols the biocomponents can be immobilized selectively at the functionalized surface in a second step. Results concerning the selective immobilization of a variety of different biological recognition elements in the nanopores will be shown allowing for the development of highly sensitive bioassays.

The authors are grateful to the BMBF for financial support within the framework of the NanoBioPore project (FKZ 13N8607).

[1] Stelzle and Nisch, WO 02/084272 A2. 2001, NMI: PCT [2] Kurzawa et al., Anal. Chem. 2002 (74), 355

57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry S2·O-7

All-solid-state chloride sensors based on electronically conducting, semiconducting and insulating polymer membranes

Pia Sjöberg-Eerola, Johan Bobacka *, Andrzej Lewenstam, Ari Ivaska Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FIN-20500 Åbo-Turku, Finland *johan.bobacka@abo.ﬁ

Conducting polymers have been utilized as sensing membranes and transducers in Symposium 2 - Oral different types of potentiometric chloride sensors since 1988 [1-5]. Combinations of polymeric membrane materials with different electronic and ionic conductivities should provide some information about the correlations between charge transfer processes and the potentiometric response. In this work, all-solid-state potentiometric chloride sensors were constructed from different combinations of the following three types of membranes deposited on a glassy carbon disk electrode (GC): (i) Electropolymerized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with chloride (here called “PEDOT”) representing an electroactive membrane with high redox capacitance, high ionic and electronic conductivity, (ii) Solution-cast poly(3-octylthiophene) containing tridodecyl-methylammonium chloride (here called “POT”) representing a semiconducting membrane with relatively low electronic conductivity, and (iii) Solution-cast plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) containing tridodecylmethylammonium chloride (here called “PVC”) representing a membrane with purely ionic conductivity.

Based on these membrane materials, the following electrodes were constructed and Electroanalysis and Sensors compared: (a) GC/PEDOT, (b) GC/POT, (c) GC/PEDOT/PVC, and (d) GC/PEDOT/ POT. In these electrodes, PEDOT and POT worked as ion-to-electron transducers and/ or sensing membranes, while PVC obviously could work only as sensing membrane. All electrodes gave a potentiometric response to chloride. The selectivity pattern followed the Hofmeister series only in the case of the GC/PEDOT/PVC electrode, which also showed least hysteresis in the calibration plot. Results from impedance measurements showed that PEDOT is superior as ion-to-electron transducer compared to POT, while POT showed slightly better sensitivity to chloride anions. Therefore GC/PEDOT/POT showed better overall potentiometric performance than GC/PEDOT or GC/POT alone.

References: [1] S. Dong, Z. Sun, Z. Lu, Analyst, 113 (1988) 1525. [2] A. Hulanicki, A. Michalska, Electroanalysis, 7 (1995) 692. [3] P. Sjöberg, J. Bobacka, A. Lewenstam, A. Ivaska, Electroanalysis, 11 (1999) 821. [4] R. Paciorek, P.D. van der Wal, N.F. de Rooij, M. Maj-Zurawska, Electroanalysis, 15 (2003) 1314. [5] J. Bobacka, Electroanalysis, 18 (2006) 7. S2·O-8 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry

Amperometric sensor for heparin: sensing mechanism and application in human blood plasma analysis

Jan Langmaier,a Jiří Olšák,b Eva Samcová,c Zdeněk Samec,a Antonín Trojánek a a J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic, [email protected] b Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic, c 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic Symposium 2 - Oral Heparin is a mixture of highly sulphated linear polysaccharides, which has been used in surgical procedures (1-10 UmL-1) and therapeutically (0.1-1 UmL-1) to prevent blood coagulation. In this contribution, voltammetric measurements of heparin at a rotating glassy carbon (GC) electrode coated with a PVC membrane ensors are reported. A spin-coating technique is used to prepare thin membranes (20-40 μm) with a composition of 25%(w/w) PVC, 1,1'-dimethylferrocene as a reference electron donor for the GC|membrane interface, o-nitrophenyl octyl ether (o-NPOE) or bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate (DOS) as a plasticizer, and hexadecyltrimethylammon ium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl) borate (HTMATPBCl) or tri-dodecylmethylammonium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl) borate (TDMATPBCl) as a background electrolyte. The electrodes coated with either the HTMA+/o-NPOE (DOS) or TDMA+/o-NPOE (DOS) membrane provide a comparable amperometric response towards heparin (1-10 U mL- 1) in the aqueous solution of 0.1 M LiCl. However, only the membranes formulated

Electroanalysis and S with TDMATPBCl can be used for an amperometric assay of heparin in human blood plasma with a detection limit of 0.2 UmL-1. Effects of membrane composition, heparin concentration, rotation speed and sweep rate on the voltammetric behaviour of heparin provide an insight into the sensing mechanism comprising the transport of heparin in the aqueous phase, the formation and accumulation of the complex between heparin and HTMA+ or TDMA+ at the membrane-solution interface, and the desorption and transport of the complex in the membrane phase. Amperometric response of the electrode coated with the HTMA+/o-NPOE (DOS) membrane is controlled by the heparin transport in the aqueous phase and the adsorption of the heparin complex with HTMA+ at the membrane-solution interface. A numeric simulation of the voltammetric behaviour supports this explanation. On the other hand, the amperometric response of the electrode coated with the TDMA+/o-NPOE (DOS) membrane is governed by the transport of the heparin complex and the TDMA+ cation inside the membrane phase. The potential-dependent extraction of HTMA+ and its competitive interaction with a plasma component (e.g. albumin) impedes the amperometric assay of heparin in the human blood plasma using the electrode coated with the HTMA+/o-NPOE membrane. This work was supported by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (Grant. No. 203/04/0424). 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry S2·O-9

ELECTROCHEMICALElectrochemical sensing ofSENSING phosphate OF via PHOSPHATE calix[4]arene VIA CALIX[4]ARENEanion receptors ANION RECEPTORS 1 1,2 2 Francine KivlehanFrancine, Kivlehan Wade J. 1, MaceWade J., Mace Humphrey1,2, Humphrey A. Moynihan A. Moynihan, Damien2, W. M. 1 Arrigan Damien W. M. Arrigan1 NationalNational Institute, Institute, Lee Lee Maltings, Maltings, UniversityUniversity College, Cork, Cork, Ireland. Ireland. 2Department2Department of of Chemistry, Chemistry, UniversityUniversity College, Cork, Cork, Ireland Ireland *Corresponding*Corresponding author’s author’s email addressaddress

Calixarenes are macrocyclic compounds, formed by the condensation of formaldehyde Symposium 2 - Oral and phenol. They can be used as a scaffolding onto which a range of functional groups can be appended. The ability to modify a calixarene with different functional groups allows the construction and tailoring of a molecule having a specific binding environment. We are utilizing this flexibility to prepare calixarene-based anion receptors. These receptors will be used as the basis for anion-selective sensors.

For the anion receptors, we have chosen to use a calix[4]arene with two coordinating functionalities on the lower-rim (of the general structure [1]). The electronic and steric nature of the binding sites is selective for anions that coordinate to hydrogen bonding centres. Both amide and thioamide derivatives were prepared.

t-Bu t-Bu Electroanalysis and Sensors

OO 2

NH X NH R [1]

Characterisation of the properties of these calixarene derivatives using potentiometry at polymer membrane ion-selective electrodes (ISEs), in which the calixarene is a component of the membrane matrix, is presented. Selectivity coefficients for these ISEs were measured using the fixed interference method (FIM) and the matched potential method (MPM).

Results indicate a good selectivity towards phosphates, particularly monohydrogen 2- phosphates (HPO4 ) under neutral conditions for both calixarene derivatives in the presence of sulfate, nitrate and chloride interferents. Results also show these ISEs

S2·O-10 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry

Potentiometric determination of ion pairing constant by sandwich membrane technique

Aleksandar Radu*, Dermot Diamond* Adaptive Sensors Group, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland *, *[email protected]

Symposium 2 - Oral The area of Ion Selective Electrodes (ISEs) has gained signiﬁcant research momentum in the last decade due to the understanding of the mechanisms that dictate potential response. Spectacular experimental improvements of selectivity coefﬁcients of up to twelve orders of magnitude, and detection limit of up to six orders of magnitude has resulted in a dramatic upsurge of research activity, driven by the potential for important

ensors new applications (e.g. trace analysis in environmental and clinical monitoring). The phase boundary potential model has emerged as a convenient expression that allows theoretical treatment of zero-current membrane ﬂuxes based on only experimentally available parameters. It has also been successfully used as a basis for theoretical description of a family of experimental methods called sandwich membrane techniques. These techniques have been implemented in the determination of electrode parameters such as stability constants, quantiﬁcation of ionic impurities, evaluation of equilibrium processes that dictate upper detection limit etc. In the essence of this technique, two phase boundary potentials are uncoupled by inducing a well-

Electroanalysis and S deﬁned initial ion concentration proﬁle within the membrane. This is accomplished by combining two membrane segments each having a different composition forming a non-uniform sandwich membrane. In this work, we utilize the sandwich membrane technique for the determination of ion-pairing constants. We demonstrate experimental methodology as well as give the theoretical description of the method. 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry S2·O-11

Determination of trace p-nitrophenol concentrations in human urine by liquid chromatography dual electrochemical chemical detection

Kevin C. Honeychurch and John P. Hart Centre for Research in Analytical, Materials and Sensors Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK. Corresponding Author: [email protected] Symposium 2 - Oral The determination of trace p-nitrophenol (PNP) has been achieved by high performance liquid chromatography dual electrochemical detection (LC-DED), using a novel dual reductive mode electrochemical-chemical-electrochemical detection system. PNP eluting from the analytical LC column is first reduced to p-hydroxylaminophenol, at the first “generator” electrochemical cell at an applied potential of -2.0 V. This species undergoes chemical oxidation to generate principally p-aminophenol and p- aminoresorcinol which are then detected at the downstream “detector” electrode using an applied potential of -0.1 V. The optimal chromatographic conditions were found to comprise of a mobile phase containing 40 % acetonitrile, 60 % water, containing 25 mM o-phosphoric acid, at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min, in conjunction with a Hypersil C18 250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm column. The assay was found to be linear over the range 7.0 ng to 500 ng on column, with an associated R2 value of 0.9981, and a limit of detection of 1.0 ng PNP on column. No interferences were seen for a number of common drugs Electroanalysis and Sensors

or for the principle electrochemical active components of human urine or serum. The developed assay was found to successfully be able to determine trace concentrations of PNP in human urine samples with very little sample preparation. A coefﬁcient of variation of 7.1 % (n = 7) with a mean recovery of 94.7 % for human urine fortiﬁed at 522 ngml-1 was found. S2·O-12 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry

ElectrochemicalElectrochemical sensingsensing in nMnM rangerange by by chemical chemical ampliﬁcationamplification AhyeonAhyeon Koh,Koh, JunghyunJunghyun Lee,Lee, JieunJieun SongSong andand WoonsupWoonsup Shin,*,* DepartmentDepartment of ofchemistry chemistry and and Interdisciplinary Interdisciplinary Program ofof Integrated Integrated Biotechnology Biotechnology Sogang Sogang University, University, Seoul Seoul 121-742,121-742, RepublicRepublic of of Korea Korea *[email protected] *[email protected]

Here we report a chemical amplification, in which detection limit of ferrocenemethanol

Symposium 2 - Oral (redox active analyte) is drastically increased by a redox amplifier, ferrocyanide or ferricyanide. For this purpose, the surface modification was necessary to inhibit the direct electron transfer between the amplifier and the electrode surface. The glassy carbon electrode surface was grafted with 4-nitrophenyl group by electrochemical reduction of 4-nitrobenzene diazonium compound in acetonitrile. The amount of the modifier was optimized by controlling the charged passed during the grafting. The ensors detection signal could be amplified both anodic reaction by ferrocyanide and cathodic reaction by ferricyanide. The analyte, ferrocenemehanol could be detected down to nM range by cyclic voltammetry.

3.0

2.8

-4 2.6

Electroanalysis and S 2.4

2.2

2.0

1.8 -2 1.6 Current/nA

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8 0 0 20 40 60 80

Concentration of Ferrocenemethanol/ nM Current/ Current/ nA

2 0 nM 7.5 nM 25 nM 4 75 nM

0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 Potential/ V vs. Ag/AgCl wire

Figure 1.Detection of Ferrocenemethanol by 10 µM Ferrocyanide as amplifier. 4-nitrobenzendiazonium modified glassy carbon electrode (WE), Ag/AgCl wire (RE, CE); o scan rate 5mV/s, 60 C; In set; calibration curve at E=0.180 V vs. Ag/AgCl wire

57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry S2·O-13

Covalent ModiﬁcationModification ofof Boron-DopedBoron-Doped DiamondDiamond Electrode Surfaces for ElectroanalysisElectroanalysis Takeshi Kondo1, Hikaru Hoshi1, Yu Niwano1, Yasuaki Einaga2, Akira Fujishima3, Takeshi Kondo1, Hikaru Hoshi1, TakeshiYu Niwano Kawai1, Yasuaki1* Einaga2, Akira Fujishima3, 1Department of Industrial Chemistry,Takeshi Faculty Kawai of Engineering,1* Tokyo University of Science, 1Department12-1 Ichigaya-Funagawara-machi, of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty Shinjuku-ku, of Engineering, Tokyo, Tokyo 162-0826 University Japan of Science, 2Department12-1 Ichigaya-Funagawara-machi, of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Shinjuku-ku, and Technology, Tokyo, 162-0826 Keio Japan University, 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-13-14-1 Hiyoshi, Hiyoshi, Yokohama, 223-8522 223-8522 Japan Japan 3 Kanagawa3Kanagawa Academy Academy of Science andand Technology Technology (KAST), (KAST), 3-2-13-2-1 Sakado, Sakado, Takatsu-ku Takatsu-ku Kawasaki,Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Kanagawa, 213-0012 213-0012 Symposium 2 - Oral *[email protected]*[email protected]

Boron-doped diamond (BDD) has drawn attention as a functional electrode material for electroanalysis especially due to its wide potential window and low background current as well as extreme physical and chemical stability. In this study, in order to further functionalize BDD electrodes, photochemical covalent surface modification of hydrogen-terminated BDD with organic monolayers were investigated. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7) at a BDD electrode modified with vinylferrocene (Fc-BDD) was found to show a reversible redox peak at ca. +0.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl with a small peak separation (11 mV at a potential sweep rate of 50 mV s-1) (Fig. 1). In addition, the anodic peak current density was directly proportional to the potential sweep rate. These results indicate that the ferrocene derivative was immobilized onto a hydrogen-terminated BDD surface with the photochemical modification method. Electroanalysis and Sensors BDD electrode modified with ATAB (ATAB-BDD) was also fabricated with the same technique. Elemental analysis with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the presence of quaternary ammonium group on the ATAB-BDD, which may originate cationic surface properties. As an application of such a cationic BDD surface, electrochemical detection of oxalic acid (OA) was examined. Estimation with CV and electrochemical flow-injection analysis (FIA) showed superiority in sensitivity and stability at the ATAB-BDD electrode comparing to an unmodified (as-deposited) BDD electrode (Fig. 2).

20 -2

A cm ATAB-BDD µ 12

S/B ratio S/B 8

4 Unmodified BDD Current density / density Current 0 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 Potential / V vs. Ag/AgCl Potential / mV vs. Ag/AgCl Fig. 2 Signal-to-background ratio of FIA Fig. 1 CVs for 0.1 M PBS (pH 7) at Fc- amperometric current for detection of 10 BDD. Potential sweep rate: 10, 20, 50 ,100 and 200 mV s-1. µM OA at unmodified and ATAB-BDDs.

S2·O-14 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry

Room TemperatureTemperature IonicIonic LiquidsLiquids forfor ElectrochemicalElectrochemical DetectionDetection ofof NitroNitro BasedBased ExplosivesExplosives

KarstenKarsten PinkwartPinkwart*,*, FlorinaFlorina Jung,Jung, PeterPeter Rabenecker,Rabenecker, MichaelMichael KrausaKrausa Fraunhofer-Institut für Chemische Technologie Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Str.Fraunhofer-Institut für Chemische 7, 76327 Pfinztal,Technologie Germany Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Str. 7, 76327 Pﬁnztal, Germany ** [email protected]@ict.fraunhofer.de

A huge number of chemical sensors is based on electrochemical measurement methods. Particularly amperometric (potentiostatic) sensor systems are applied for the fast Symposium 2 - Oral detection of pollutants in industry and environment as well as for analytical systems in medical diagnosis. The reason for the wide applicability of electrochemical sensors is their high sensitivity. Additionally electrochemical sensor systems are mostly easy to operate, transportable and cheap. Up to now the electrochemical method of cyclic voltammetry (potentiodynamic) has been rarely used for sensors. In comparison to

ensors potentiostatic sensors potentiodynamic sensors show additional advantages. For instance qualitative and quantitative information are received during one measurement. The determination of very low trace concentrations is important in the explosives detection in the gaseous phase. The low vapour pressure of many explosives and the decreasing concentration with increasing distance to the source make high demands on detection methods. The vapour pressure of trinitrotoluene (TNT) is given with 7 ppb (parts per billion) at room temperature. Trinitrotoluene shows a characteristic reduction peak in aqueous electrolyte at approximately minus 0,15 V vs. SCE. This peak is attributed to electrochemical reduction of the nitro groups at the TNT. The used aqueous electrolyte does not satisfy the criteria of a successful application at the field. Electroanalysis and S The long term stability of the electrolyte is too small as a result of the volatility of the aqueous solution. Room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL) can be used for many applications as they have a low melting point, a wide electrochemical window and high solubility for a wide range of materials. Furthermore RTIL are non volatile and they can be designed to dissolve a broad variety of chemical substances. The electrochemical detection of trinitrotoluene is investigated in different room temperature ionic liquids. Seven RTIL are selected on the basis of existing electrochemical data and applicability for sensors of trace concentrations in the gaseous phase. The solubility, the electrochemical current and the quality of the electrochemical signal are used for electro analytical evaluation of these RTIL. Three RTIL are selected for the electrochemical characterization of trinitrotoluene in the gaseous phase on the basis of this evaluation. The electrochemical reduction signal in RTIL shows more than one reduction peak for TNT in contrast to the aqueous electrolyte. Electrochemical characterization of mono- and dinitrotoluene are discussed. On basis of the investigations of mono- and dinitrotoluene a reaction scheme is discussed for the electrochemical reduction of nitro based explosives. Exemplarily we present our R&D- works on the detection of nitro based explosives in room temperature ionic liquids. The results are discussed in contrast to electro analytical experiments in aqueous electrolyte.

57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry S2·O-15

Thin-shielded sphere-cap microelectrodes. Preparation, characterization and analytical applications

Salvatore Daniele*, Ilenia Ciani, Eddy De Faveri Department of Chemistry, University of Venice, Calle Larga S. Marta ,2137, 30 123 Italy *[email protected]

Microelectrodes with geometry different from the commonest disk shape have becoming more popular recently. Conical, and spherical microelectrodes in particular have found increasing interest because they can be used as tips in scanning Symposium 2 - Oral electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Theory for spherical microelectrodes has been developed. In particular, theoretical treatments, relying on digital simulation procedures, exist within the SECM domain for spherical microtips approaching either a conducting or an insulating surface. The theoretical treatments also include the effects of the insulating sheaths surrounding the active electrode surface, so called RG factor, that is the ratio of the insulating sheath thickness (b) to the basal radius (a) of the electrode, as well as the aspect ratio of the electrode, h/a, where h is the sphere- cap height. In these cases, however, only normalised current (i.e., current at a given tip-surface distance to the current far from the surface) are required. For sphere cap micreoelctrodes steady-state equations have been reported, but they were limited to the case where RG → ∞ (i.e., sphere caps lying on an inﬁnite insulating sheath). The aim of this paper is to investigate from either a theoretical and experimental point of view on the steady state limiting currents as a function of both RG and h/a parameters for sphere caps microelectrodes. A digital simulation procedure is employed Electroanalysis and Sensors to obtain theoretical parameters. For measurements, sphere cap microelectrodes are prepared by electrodeposition of mercury onto thin-shielded platinum microdisks. These were prepared from platinum wires and insulated by deposition of a cathodic electrophoretic paint. The properties of such microelectrodes for analytical purposes are also investigated. S2·O-16 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry

New protective polymer membrane coating strategies for sol-gel enzyme biosensors

Christopher M.A. Bretta*, Rasa Pauliukaitea, Madalina Barsana, Ana Maria Chiorcea-Paquima, Ana Maria Oliveira Bretta, Monika Schoenleberb, Pankaj Vadgamab a Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal b IRC in Biomedical Materials, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK *[email protected] Symposium 2 - Oral Signiﬁcant efforts have been devoted to developing long lifetime and sensitive biosensors by stabilising and immobilising enzymes on different electrode substrates. Different polymer materials are usually used for immobilisation or as a protective membrane against interference or enzyme leaching. An attractive enzyme entrapment

ensors method is the sol-gel technique and these films have been characterised by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Enzymes and the other active biomaterials encapsulated within sol-gels appeared to retain their activity and selectivity, particularly when silica alkoxides were used as sol-gel precursors. However, sol-gel electrodes in some cases gave unsatisfactory lifetimes [1], inappropriate for disposable biosensors. Characterisation and optimisation of silica based sol-gel encapsulation of glucose oxidase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and NADH oxidase based biosensors at poly(neutral red) (PNR) modified carbon film electrodes will be presented, some involving direct electron exchange between the redox polymer and the enzyme. Sol-gels were prepared

Electroanalysis and S using an optimised mixture of oxysilane precursors, particularly 3-glycidoxypropyl- trimethoxysilane (GOPMOS), and methyltrimethyloxysilane (MTMOS). The sol-gel protocol was improved by thermal removal of the alcohol, formed during oxysilane hydrolysis in acidic medium. Enzyme was entrapped by mixing a solution of it with a neutralised sol-gel mixture and placing on a carbon ﬁlm electrode, electrochemically modiﬁed with PNR. An outer protective polymer membrane was applied over the encapsulated enzyme layer in order to prevent enzyme leaching and loss of sensitivity from macromolecule adsorption [2]. Polyurethane and carboxylated polyvinyl chloride were used for membrane preparation and optimisation. The results of glucose and acetaldehyde assays in relation to sensitivity, stability and response time in standard solutions and in natural samples will be discussed.

References 1. R. Pauliukaite, C.M.A. Brett, Electrochim. Acta 50 (2005) 4973. 2. S. Ahmed, C. Dack, G. Farace, G. Rigby, P. Vadgama, Anal. Chim. Acta 537 (2005) 153. 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry S2·O-17

Effect of the conditioning time on the ISE electrochemical behaviour.

P. Liatsi, C. Gabrielli and Hubert Perrot Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, UPR 15 CNRS, Université P. et M. Curie, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, cedex 05 France, [email protected]

Electroacoustic measurements have shown interesting potentialities for examining the microrheology of different films deposited onto the top of piezoelectric resonators or 1 to validate the gravimetric response of a classical microbalance sensor [ ]. A recent Symposium 2 - Oral approach based on transfert function measurements using a fast QCM have also shown attractive results. In the case of electroactive films, the ionic species involved in the 2 electrochemical processes can be identified and also quantified [ ]. Sophisticated films can be used to realize all solid state ion sensitive electrode. They were made with organic multilayers: one, based on an electronic conducting material (polypyrrole or Prussian Blue) deposited through an electrochemical procedure onto the metallic electrode and a second one, in contact with the solution, made of a plasticized PVC membrane deposited by a spin-coating technique. A sensitive ionophore is incorporated in this latter in order to detect ions through potentiometric measurements. The performances of these chemical sensors depend on the quality of these two layers and also on the preconditioning treatment applied. This step appears as crucial but seems not very well understood. For that reason and in this work, we propose to examine the behaviour of these films when a preconditioning treatment is used by coupling two techniques: electroacoustic Electroanalysis and Sensors and electrogravimetric measurements. Ac-electrogravimetry revealed details on the influence of the solvent on ion insertion/expulsion mechanism. The solvent uptake seems to be necessary for the good functionning of the membrane. Electroacoustic measurements revealed the viscoelastic character of the membranes and the values of G’, G” are modified according to the soaking time. Correlations were made between the two approachs in order to explain good responses obtained only after at least 24 hours of preconditioning.

References [1] J.J. Garcia-Jareno, C. Gabrielli, et H. Perrot, Electrochemistry Communications, 2(2000)195-200. [2] C. Gabrielli, J. J. García-Jareño, M. Keddam, H. Perrot et F. Vicente, J. Phys. Chem. B, 106(2002)3182-3191. S2·O-18 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry

Electrochemical nanogravimetric studies of solid RuCl3

and RuCl3-polyaniline nanocomposite György Inzelt*, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Hungary *[email protected]

Ruthenium and its compounds have been widely used especially in the ﬁeld of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis including electrocatalysis and

Symposium 2 - Oral photocatalysis. Their catalytic activity regarding different oxidation and reduction as well as other reactions, e.g., polymerization, strongly depends on their oxidation state and on the media used because of the formation of different simple and polynuclear

complexes. RuCl3 – which is far the most common starting material in ruthenium chemistry – is insoluble in water and organic solvents which is connected with

ensors its polymeric structure in solid state. The method of voltammetry of immobilized microparticles in combination of electrochemical nanogravimetry by using quartz crystal microbalance is especially useful for the characterization of microcrystals

attached to an electrode surface. It has been found that RuCl3 microcrystals can be reduced and reoxidized in several steps in the presence of acidic and neutral aqueous

solutions of different MCl and MCl2 electrolytes. The results can be elucidated by the formation of complexes and intercalation compounds which contain mixed valence RuIII / RuII-centers, Cl- ions, metals ions (M+, M2+) or H+ ions, and water molecules, the ratio of which depends on the potential and the solution composition. The composition

Electroanalysis and S of microcrystalline layers formed at different potentials has been determined by total reﬂection X-ray ﬂuorescence spectrometry. The redox transformations also involve solid-state phase transitions.

The insertion of aniline into α-RuCl3 has been executed either from a solution of

aniline in acetonitrile or pure aniline was added to the microcrystals. The RuCl3 is a strongly oxidizing host which can take up electrons from the aniline leading to the formation of polyaniline (PANI). Simultaneously, a fraction of Ru3+ is reduced to Ru2+, resulting in a mixed valence compound. The host material will have a negative charge, - z+ z- and RuCl3 sites can act as counterions in the nanocomposite, (PANI)x (RuCl3)y . It has been proven by infrared spectroscopy as well as by electrochemical investigations

that PANI was formed between the RuCl3 layers, which are composed of hexagonal sheets of Ru atoms sandwiched between two hexagonal sheets of Cl atoms with ABC stacking. The redox transformations of the nanocomposites have also been investigated by electrochemical nanogravimetry. The transport of the charge compensating ions

reﬂects the variation of the oxidation states of both PANI and RuCl3.

The oxidation state of both the RuCl3 microcrystals and the RuCl3-PANI nanocomposites can be varied electrochemically, therefore the catalytic activity can be tuned. The peak potentials of the voltammetric waves are characteristic of the counterions used and are shifted as a function of the activity of the electrolytes, consequently these systems are promising for the application in the area of electroanalysis. 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry S2·O-19

Repair of defects in thin thermally grown silicon by Repair of defects in thin thermally grown silicon by anodic anodicoxidation oxidation 1 1 1 L.L. ChenChen,, Y.Y. Zhou,Zhou, S.S. Krause*,Krause*, A.A. G. MunozMunoz1,, J.J. KunzeKunze1,, P.P. SchmukiSchmuki1 DepartmentDepartment of ofMaterials, Materials, Queen Queen Mary Mary University University ofof London, MileMile End End Road, Road, London London E1 E1 4NS 4NS 1Chair1Chair for for Surface Surface Science Science and and Corrosion, Corrosion, Friedrich-Alexander University, University, Erlangen Erlangen *[email protected] *[email protected]

Scanning Photo-induced Impedance Microscopy (SPIM) and Light-Addressable Potentiometric Sensors (LAPS) are imaging techniques based on photocurrent Symposium 2 - Oral measurements at field-effect structures. The sensitivity of SPIM is, to a large extent, determined by the capacitance of the insulator. The thinner the insulator and the greater its dielectric constant the stronger the photocurrent signal is dominated by the system to be investigated. An increase in the insulator capacitance would also lead to steeper slopes of the photocurrent-voltage curves resulting in an improved sensitivity of LAPS. In previous experiments, a thermally grown silicon dioxide layer with a thickness ranging from 10 to 70 nm was employed as the insulator. Compared to standard MOS applications, the conditions imposed by SPIM and LAPS measurements are quite demanding in that they require a defect free oxide layer over quite a large area (~ 7 mm2). Using a 10 nm thick silicon dioxide, only moderate yields of working devices were obtained. A further reduction in the thickness is therefore difficult. Anodic oxidation in 0.1 M HCl has been used for “repairing” defects in thin thermally grown layers of silicon dioxide on p-type silicon. Field effect capacitors with a gate

2 Electroanalysis and Sensors oxide thickness of 3 nm and 6 nm and gate areas of 3.1 mm showed leakage currents smaller than 1 nA after anodic repair (Figure 1). The results showed that the defects in the thermally grown oxide were repaired efficiently and also the oxide thickness did not increase during anodic oxidation for structures with 6 nm thick thermally grown oxide. A small increase in thickness was observed during anodic oxidation using silicon with 3 nm thick thermally grown oxide. AC impedance spectroscopy and XPS were employed to characterise the oxide layers.

-1 -2 -3 ) -2 -4 Figure 1 Current-voltage curve -5

-6 before (dashed line) and after (solid -7 line) anodic repair of a 3 nm thick log(J/ A*cm log(J/ -8 thermally grown oxide -9

-10 0 1 2 3 4 5 E/ V

S2·O-20 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry

Highly ordered macroporous surfaces as electrochemical Highlysystems ordered with macroporous optimized biocatalyticsurfaces as electrochemical efﬁciency systems with optimized biocatalytic efficiency R. Szamocki1,2, R. Hempelmann1*, S. Ravaine3, S. Reculusa3, P.N. Bartlett4, 1,2 1 3 3 4 2 R. Szamocki , R. Hempelmann *, S. RavaineA. Kuhn2,* S. Reculusa , P.N. Bartlett , A. Kuhn * 1 Physikalische1Physikalische Chemie, Chemie, UniversitätUniversität des Saarlandes, 6612366123 Saarbrücken, Saarbrücken, Germany Germany 2LACReM,2LACReM, ENSCPB, ENSCPB, 16, avenue Pey BerlandBerland 33607 33607 Pessac, Pessac, France France 3 3CentreCentre de de RechercheRecherche Paul Pascal, CNRS,CNRS, 3360033600 Pessac, Pessac, France France 4 4SchoolSchool of of Chemistry, Chemistry, UniversityUniversity of Southampton, Southampton, Southampton, UK UK SO17 SO17 1BJ 1BJ * [email protected], [email protected] * [email protected], [email protected] Symposium 2 - Oral For several decades there is a great interest in the modification of electrodes with biomolecules for the application in biosensors and more recently also in biofuel cells. A particular aspect is the miniaturization of those systems for the use as implantable biomedical devices. The intrinsic problem is that the delivered currents are quite low

ensors and therefore the sensitivity or power output in the case of a sensor or a biofuel cell respectively is very small. An answer to this problem might be the use of highly ordered macroporous electrodes. We present a procedure, using monodisperse colloids and the Langmuir-Blodgett-method to build up colloidal crystals on a flat electrode, followed by electrodeposition of gold and dissolution of the colloidal endo-template, which produces a highly structured porous material [1]. The pore diameter d is controlled by the size of the used colloids and the final thickness of the porous layer by following the current oscillations during the electrodeposition through the template.

Electroanalysis and S

Fig.1: macroporous gold, d=1100nm Fig.2: current oscillations obtained during plating through the template

All the pores being interconnected, the active surface area is increased by more than one order of magnitude. The inner surface of the pores can be modified with a biocatalytic chain containing a mediator, a coenzyme and an enzyme [2,3], leading finally to a bioelectrocatalytic device with a much higher current output compared to a flat modified electrode.

References: [1] R.Szamocki, S.Reculusa, S.Ravaine, P.N. Bartlett, A.Kuhn, R.Hempelmann, Angew.Chem. Int.Ed. 45 (2006) 1317 [2] S.Ben Ali, D.A.Cook, S.E.G Evans, A. Thienpont, P.N.Bartlett, A.Kuhn, Electrochem. Comm. 5 (2003) 747 [3] S.Ben-Ali, D.A.Cook, P.N.Bartlett and A.Kuhn, J.Electroanal.Chem. 579 (2005) 181

57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry S2·O-21

Molecular Wires Design Based on Supramolecular MolecularStructures Wires Design for Glucose Based onBiosensors Supramolecular Structures for Glucose Biosensors Wendel A. Alves*, Pablo A. Fiorito, Roberto M. Torresi, Wendel A. Alves*, Pablo A. SusanaFiorito, I.Roberto Córdoba M. de Torresi, Torresi Susana I. Córdoba de Torresi InstitutoInstituto de de Química, Química, Universidade Universidade de Sãode SãoPaulo, Paulo, C.P. C.P.26077, 26077, São Paulo São Paulo 05513-970, 05513-970, SP; BRAZIL SP; *[email protected] *[email protected]

In the present work, the synthesis and the spectroelectrochemical characterization of a novel iron compound derived of tetra-2-pyridyl-1,4-pyrazine (TPPZ) with Symposium 2 - Oral hexacyanoferrate species forming a very stable supramolecular complex in the presence of polypyrrole (PPY) matrix, is described. The hybrid material has shown excellent catalytic activity towards H2O2 detection that makes it suitable for being used as redox mediator in glucose biosensor. The hybrid FeTPPZFeCN/PPY film presents + + satisfactory detection limits and high sensitivity for H2O2 in the presence of K or Na ions. For the glucose biosensor, a linear range up to 1.1 mmol l-1 of glucose was observed with no interferences. In this case, the sensitivities obtained were 7.88 and 5.90 µA⋅mmol-1 l cm-2 in phosphate buffer or NaCl solutions, respectively. The good sensitivity is related to the presence of a high-dimensional structure based on polypyridine type ligands providing an “electron antennae effect” facilitating electron tunneling between the protein and the electrode. The results suggest that this composite film is a promising material for potential applications in biosensors and in biofuel cells.

n+ CN CN CN CN CN Electroanalysis and Sensors NC NC CN NC FeII FeII FeII N N N N N N N N N

N N N 4+ N N N N N N FeII FeII FeII NC CN NC NC N N CN CN H2O OH2 CN CN CN NC H O Fe N N Fe OH K [Fe(CN) ] NC NC CN CN 2 2 3 6 N N CN N N CN III II II III II II III H O OH2 NC Fe CN Fe N N Fe CN Fe CN Fe N N Fe CN Fe CN 2 N N CN CN NC NC N N CN NC N N CN CN CN CN NC CN NC CN NC CN

FeII FeII FeII N N N N N N N N N

N N N N N N N N N FeII FeII FeII NC CN NC CN NC CN CN CN CN

Acknowledgements: FAPESP; CNPq

S2·O-22 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry

A neural network application on the calibration of a glucose sensor

Ipek Becerik*, Sevgi K. Guney Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Science and Letter, Department of Chemistry, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul-TURKEY * [email protected]

The immobilization of enzymes on an electrode surface is of great importance in bioelectrochemistry for the production of biosensors and in fabrication of microsensors

Symposium 2 - Oral in the preparation of multiplayer devices. On the other hand, artiﬁcial neural networks (ANNs), proposed by information and neural science as a result of the mechanisms and structures of the brain, are computer programs and they do not attempt to copy the ﬁne detail of how the brain works, but try to reproduce its logical operation using a collection of neuron-like entities to perform processing. ANN can learn the

ensors system performance characteristics by monitoring the system test or running data. This technique has grown rapidly in chemistry and related fields of research since 1980’s. Until now, ANN is considered as one of the best approaches to the nonlinear calibration and fitting problem. In current study, glucose oxidase enzyme (GOD) that is specific for the glucose determination was entrapped into polypyrrole matrix containing p-benzoquinone in PIPES buffer and glucose sensitivity of the biosensor is investigated. A calibration curve is plotted for the enzyme electrode as a function of glucose concentration. Because the only useful part of the curve is the linear zone, which is only a small

Electroanalysis and S part of the calibration plot, only glucose concentrations in the narrow range can be determined. Whereas, accurate calibration may be reached on this real system by applying ANNs methodology. This implementation can be used for the sensor failure detection, as well. The estimation power of the neural network used in the direct and inverse modeling is examined by statistical methods. It presents the good performance for the estimation power. References: 1. I.Becerik, Ann. Chim.,88, 697, 1998. 2. I.Becerik, S.Seker, Electroanal., 16,18, 1542, 2004. 3. S.Seker, I.Becerik, Ann.Chim., 93, 551, 2003. 4. I.Becerik, S.Seker, Bull. Electrochem., 20, 7, 319, 2004. 5. R. Beale, T.Jackson, Neural Computing:An Introduction, Adam Higler,-IOP Publishing, 161-163., 1991. 6. K.Levenberg, Quarterly Appl.Math. 2, 164-168, 1974. 7. C.C.Liu, J.P.Weaver, A.K.Chen, Electrochim.Acta,8, 379, 1981. 8. M.Gerard, A.Chaubey, B.D.Malhotra, Biosensors-Bioelectronics, 17, 345, 2002. 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry S2·O-23

Electrochemically Activated Nanocrystalline Diamond Modiﬁed Gold Electrode for Glucose Biosensing

Jing-Juan Xu*, Wei Zhao, Hong-Yuan Chen, The Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China *[email protected]

Recently, novel carbon materials, such as carbon fullerenes, carbon nanotubes (CNT) and diamond lead new directions in the design of biosensors. They offer lots of Symposium 2 - Oral possibilities for the biosensor construction, for example, electron mediation, nano- biosensor fabrication and enzyme entrapment. Diamond-based materials, because of their unique properties such as biocompatibility, chemical inertness, chemical stability, wide potential window and optical transparency properties, which are superior to the traditional carbon materials. Since for electrochemical applications, the diamond thin film must possess a good conductivity, most work in this field has been carried out using diamond layers doped with boron, which display almost metal-like properties. There are few reports on non-doped diamond because of its weak conductivity. Here, we reported a glucose biosensor based on electrochemical pretreatment of non-doped nanocrystalline diamond (N-NCD) modified gold electrode for the selective detection of glucose. N-NCD was coated on gold electrode and glucose oxidase (GOx) was immobilized onto the surfaces of N-NCD by forming amide linkages between their amine residues and carboxylic acid groups on N-NCD. While the anodic pretreatment of N-NCD modified electrode not only promoted the electron transfer rate of the Electroanalysis and Sensors N-NCD thin film, but also resulted in a dramatic improvement in the catalysis of the dissolved oxygen. This performance could be used to detect glucose at negative potential through monitoring the reduction of oxygen. The biosensor effectively performs a selective electrochemical analysis of glucose in the presence of common interferents, such as ascorbic acids (AA), acetaminophen (AP) and uric acid (UA). A wide linear calibration range from 10 μM to 15 mM and a low detection limit of 5 μM were achieved for the detection of glucose. S2·O-24 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry

Measurement of Human Whole Blood Coagulation Time with Small Sample Volume by Impedance Method

Chia-Chern Chen1,2 Hsien-Chang Chang 1*, 1 Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Cheng Kung University No .1, Ta-Hsueh Rd. Tainan city 701, Taiwan 2 Department of Family Medicine, St. Martin de Porres Hospital No. 565, Sec. 2, Da-Ya Rd. Chia-Yi city 600, Taiwan *[email protected]

Symposium 2 - Oral Measuring of human whole blood coagulation by impedance method on paired interdigital electrodes with sample volume equal or less than 10 μl has been studied. �The study of whole blood coagulation by impedance method began early in 1905 by Frank RT with results that were difficult to reproduce. Rosenthal RL and Tobias CW (1948) had first repeatable results with great efforts. Ur A (1970) made the first ensors standard curve of human whole blood coagulation and tried to inquire into the meaning of it. Von Kaulla KN (1975) developed a commercial device for measuring human blood coagulation time, but quitted soon from the markets due to the complexity and uneasy to apply to the clinical conditions. The study of human blood coagulation by impedance method was almost stopped for a long period of time. Spence N (2002) made a series of studies and concluded that impedance method can be used as end points of regular blood coagulation tests. All these studies were done with whole blood or plasma of sample volume more than 40 μl tested on block electrodes. Mixing with reagents (either aqueous or powdered) to activate and initiate the coagulation

Electroanalysis and S process was necessary.�In my study, direct coating of reagents (calcium chloride) and activator (glass nanoparticles) on the surfaces of testing electrodes with sample volume equal or less than10 μl was achieved. There is strong correlation between impedance coagulation time and both normalized (R2=0.72) and non-normalized (R2=0.61) activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). The best frequency for impedance coagulation time measurements was also determined. Testing run at 250 kHz will yield best results under such system conﬁguration. Signiﬁcant differences between activated and non-activated impedance clotting time (paired t test, p<0.01) and strong linear correlation (R2=0.758) were obtained. The 95.3 nm particles have better results for triggering human contact activation system than 6.4 μm particles during whole blood coagulation. Nevertheless, glass is not a good material even in its nanoparticle size for activating human contact activation system. It shortened the blood coagulation time only by 30% in this study. Impedance method is an ideal tool for whole blood coagulation time measurements on very small sample volume and really promising for developing point-of-care coagulation devices. 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry S2·O-25

Haem ProteinsHaem inProteins Nonaqueous in Nonaqueous Solvents; Solvents; Electrochemistry, Electrochemistry,Conformation Conformation and Catalysis and Catalysis N. O’Reilly, A. Konash, E. Ivanova, Z. Brusowa, S. Crilly, E.MagnerE.Magner*,*, MaterialsMaterials & &Surface Surface Science Science Institute Institute andand Department ofof ChemicalChemical and and Envir Environmentalonmental Sciences, Sciences, UniversityUniversity ofof Limerick,Limerick, Limerick Ireland. Ireland. *e-mail: [email protected]

Enzymes have found numerous applications as practical catalysts in chemical synthesis and as recognition elements in biosensors. The realisation that enzymes can be catalytically active in organic solvents containing little or no water has expanded Symposium 2 - Oral their repertoire of use [1]. Some of the advantages in utilising enzymes in non-aqueous solvents include the high solubility of many hydrophobic substrates in such solvents, the suppression of various side reactions promoted by water, high regio- and enantioselectivity, and the comparative simplicity of immobilization procedures due to the insolubility of enzymes in organic solvents. Numerous studies have been conducted in order to gain an understanding of the properties of organic solvents that are key to enzymatic activity. Factors such as water activity, solvent hydrophobicity, solvent polarity and substrate hydrophobicity can affect the rate of reaction. Due to their commercial potential, much of the work on nonaqueous enzymology has concentrated on the use of enzymes such as esterases with there being relatively few reports on the use of redox proteins and enzymes. We are currently examining the electrochemical properties of a range of redox proteins and enzymes in nonaqueous solvents [2-6]. The enthalpic and entropic changes associated with the reduction of redox proteins frequently compensate each Electroanalysis and Sensors other. Such a balance exists with cytochrome c, for example. However in nonaqueous solvents these changes are opposite to those observed in aqueous buffer. Using microperoxidase as a model, properties of the solvent such as the dielectric constant and hydrophobicity do not influence Eº. Due to its highly exposed haem group, microperoxidase displays little selectivity. We have synthesised and characterised a cyclodextrin modified microperoxidase which is an effective catalyst for sulfoxidation reactions. Using AFM and circular dichroism (synchroton source at Daresbury), we have examined the conformational changes that attend reduction of a protein in nonaqueous solvents. In ethanol, changes in heat capacity (ca. 600 JK-1mol-1) occur on reduction of cyano-haemoglobin, indicating that the cyano form of the protein undergoes reversible, conformational changes, while haemoglobin retains its conformation. The development of sensors and biocatalysts will be described.

References 1. Klibanov, A.M. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 2003, 14, 427-431. 2. Ivanova, E., Magner, E. Electrochem. Comm., 2005, 7, 323-327. 3. Konash, A.., Magner, E. Anal. Chem., 2005, 77,1647-1654. 4. Konash, A.., Magner, E. Biosens. Bioelect., 2006, in press. 5. O’Reilly, N., Magner, E. Langmuir, 2005, 21, 1009-1014. 6. Brusowa, Z. et al. Electroanalysis, 2005, 17, 460-468.

S2·O-26 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry

The Effect of Light on the Electroctalytic Oxidation of NADH Using Electrodes Modiﬁed Electropolymerized Mediators

1Yusuf Dilgin, 2Lo Gorton*, 1Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Science&Arts Faculty, Department of Chemistry, 17020 Canakkale, TURKEY 2Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, SWEDEN *[email protected]

Symposium 2 - Oral Many studies on the electrocatalytic oxidation of reduced ß-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) have been reported (1,2). Especially some modified electrodes based on phenothiazine and phenoxazine dyes have been intensively used for electrocatalytic determination of NADH. However, photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of NADH has not yet been presented with these modified electrodes. There are only ensors a restricted number of studies on photoelectrochemical oxidation and detection of ascorbic acid (3,4). In this study, photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of NADH is here described by irradiation of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface modified with an electropolymerised dye (some phenothiazines phenoxazines and flavin adenin dinucleotide (FAD). Electropolymerisation of phenothiazine and phenoxazine dyes was achieved by sweeping (50 mV/s) a GCE in borate buffer solution, pH 9.1, containing

0.1 M NaNO3. Electropolymerisation of FAD was obtained by sweeping a GCE in 0.1 M HCl and 0.1 M KCl. These modified GCEs show electrocatalytic activity for NADH oxidation in phosphate buffer solution, pH 6.9, with an overpotential of 350- Electroanalysis and S 400 mV lower than that at the bare electrode. The effect of light on the electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH at these electrodes was investigated using both amperometry and cyclic voltammetry in the presence and absence of NADH. When the modified electrode surface was irradiated by a 250 W halogen lamp, a photoelectrocatalytic effect was observed for NADH oxidation and the current was increased about 2.0 to 2.5 times. It can be concluded that some polyphenothiazine, polyphenoxazine, and polyFAD modified GCEs exhibit excellent electrocatalytic and especially photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of NADH in neutral aqueous solution. The results from this study may found the basis for a further development for future studies in this direction.

1. L. Gorton, E. Domínguez, Encyclopedia of Electrochemistry, (Series Eds. A. J. Bard, M. Stratmann), Vol. 9 (Ed. G. S. Wilson), Bioelectrochemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2002, pp. 67-143. 2. E. Simon, P. N. Bartlett, in Biomolecular Films, Design, Function and Applications (Ed. J. F. Rusling), Marcel Dekker, New York, 2003, pp. 499-544. 3. J. A. Cooper, K. E. Woodhouse, A. M. Chippindale, R. G., Compton, Electroanalysis 1999, 11, 1259-1265. 4. Y. Dilgin, Z Dursun, G. Nisli, L. Gorton, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2005, 542, 162-168. 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry S2·O-27

Investigations on bio-electrocatalysis of neuronal nitric oxide synthase

Ulla Wollenberger*, Nikitas Bistolas, Christiane Jung1,2, Matthias Richter1 University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, 14476 Golm, Germany 1Max-Delbrück-Center of Molecular Medicine, 13187 Berlin, Germany 2 KKS Ultraschall AG, Surface Treatment Division, CH-6422 Steinen, Switzerland *[email protected] *Corresponding author’s email address

In higher animals nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized by nitric oxide synthases (NOS, EC Symposium 2 - Oral 1.14.13.39), which converts L-arginine to citrulline and NO in a NADPH dependent oxygenation reaction. The known NOS enzymes are ﬂavocytochromes that exhibit a bi- domain structure, in which an oxygenase domain is linked by a calmodulin recognition site to a reductase domain. The oxygenase has a cysteine-ligated iron protoporphyrin IX (b-type heme), while the reductase contains FAD and FMN. Interestingly, the separate domains are catalytically active [Alderton et al. 2001]. Electrochemistry provides thermodynamic and kinetic informations and protein electrochemistry has potentials for biosynthesis and biosensing. We report direct electrochemistry of the oxygenase domain of neuronal NOS (nNOS) on chemically modiﬁed electrodes. For this study two oxygenases were used, the N-terminal heme containing domain (oxyNOS) including the PDZ binding domain and the truncated mutant D290nNOS oxygenase (D290oxyNOS). Voltammograms display redox waves around -350 mV vs Ag/AgCl (1M KCl) for both the oxyNOS Electroanalysis and Sensors and D290oxyNOS(at pH 7), with slightly more negative value for the oxygenase with the reduced size. This signal is related to the FeII/FeIII –couple of nNOS. A typical catalytic oxygen reduction is also observed for both oxygenases. However, the electrochemical reduction in the presence of L-arginine or N-hydroxy-L- arginine does not lead to a production of NO. Unique to the NOS is that it requires for its activity tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B). We present investigations on the electron mediating effect of H4B and the results for bioelectrocatalytic formation of NO with the electrode is the source of electrons.

Alderton, W.K., Cooper, C.E., Knowles, R.G. Biochem. J. 357 (2001)593-615

S2·O-28 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry

ELECTROCHEMICAL ACTIVITY Electrochemical activity of new pna conjugates with OF NEW PNA CONJUGATES WITH FERROCENE ferrocene and ﬁscher-type carbene complexes to be AND FISCHER-TYPE CARBENE COMPLEXES applied to DNA and RNA detection TO BE APPLIED TO DNA AND RNA DETECTION Luigi Falciola*,a, Patrizia R. Mussinia, Clara Baldolib, Emanuela Licandroc, Claudio Luigi Falciola*,aOldani, Patriziac R. Mussinia, b c c aDept. of PhysicalClara Chemistry Baldoli and, Electrochemistry,Emanuela Licandro University, Claudio of Milano, Oldani Via Golgi 19, 20133, a Dept. of PhysicalMilano, Chemistry Italy; [email protected], Electrochemistry, University [email protected] of Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, bCNR-InstituteMilano, of Molecular Italy; Sciences [email protected], and Technologies, [email protected] Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, Italy; Clara. bCNR-Institute of Molecular [email protected] and Technologies, via Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, Italy; Symposium 2 - Oral cDept. of Organic and Industrial Chemistry,[email protected] University of Milano and Centro di Eccellenza CISI, cDept.Via ofVenezian Organic 21, and 20133, Industrial Milano, Chemistry, Italy; [email protected], University of Milano and [email protected] Centro di Eccellenza CISI, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy; [email protected], [email protected]

Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNA) oligomers, on account of their very high DNA and RNA binding power resulting in high sequence specificity, are promising candidates [1] ensors for the detection of nucleic acids, one of the foremost current topics in biochemical research [2]. To this aim they require an appropriate electrochemically or spectroscopically active marker, which has to be duly characterised. In this context, the Authors would like to present a systematic investigation of the electrochemical activity of newly synthesized PNA conjugates, to be tested as competitive probes for nucleic acid detection. First of all, in our current development of PNA oligomers for DNA binding, labelled with one or three ferrocene groups per monomeric unit, we are currently focusing: (a) on the effect of the lengthening of the nucleotidic chain; (b) on the effect of

Electroanalysis and S PNA backbone modifications in order to improve the hydrophilicity of the metal conjugate. In particular, we are testing polyvinylpirrolidone-PNA (PVP-PNA) monomers and oligomers, investigating the effect of the length of the PVP polymer on the solubility in water and in other organic solvents, on the polymer conformational structure induced by the solvents, and therefore on the electrochemical activity of the molecule. Moreover, searching for new electrochemically active groups as competitive alternative markers to ferrocene, we are studying PNA conjugates with pentacarbonyl Fischer-type carbene complexes of chromium and tungsten, evaluating the modulating effects of the metal nature and of the molecular structure. Both chromium and tungsten carbene complexes exhibit CV peaks of intensity comparable to the ferrocene ones, being chemically and electrochemically reversible in the chromium case, and irreversible in the tungsten one. Moreover, the redox peak potentials are widely modulable by changing the substituents and/or the metal of the carbene active group.

[1] P. E. Nielsen, M. Egholm, R. H. Berg, O. Buchardt, Science 254 (1991) 1497. [2] P. de-los-Santos-Álvarez, M.J. Lobo-Castañón, A.J. Miranda-Ordieres, P. Tuñón-Blanco, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 378 (2004) 104.

Acknowledgments: the financial support of the Italian MIUR (FIRST, PRIN and FIRB) and of Italy’s National Research Council (C.N.R.) is gratefully acknowledged.

57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry S2·O-29

The Stability, Ion Switching and DNA Sensing Characteristics of Holliday Junctions

A.R. Mount*1, C.P. Mountford2, E. Ferapontova1, S.A.G. Evans1, A.H. Buck3, P. Dickinson3, C.J. Campbell1, J.G. Terry4, J.S. Beattie3, A.J. Walton4, P. Ghazal3, J. Crain2 1) School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, West Mains Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, UK; (2) School of Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Mayﬁeld Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK; (3) The Scottish Centre for Genomic Technology and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK

(4) Institute of Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, Scottish Microelectronics Centre, School of Symposium 2 - Oral Engineering and Electronics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JF, UK. *Email: [email protected]

The characteristics of DNA Holliday Junctions (HJ) as ion-controlled nanoscale biomolecular switches have been explored. The DNA Holliday structure is a junction of four double helices, with a unique topological element; a branch point discontinuity formed from hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) at the intersection of the component strands, giving four double helical arms. The junction structure is determined by strong electrostatic repulsion between backbone phosphate groups. In low ionic strength solutions, this repulsive Coulombic interaction favours maximum charge separation at the branch point, resulting in widely separated arms (an open conformation). The addition of cations above a critical concentration causes screening of this repulsion, inducing conformational change to a folded (closed) junction conformation.

Despite being structurally well characterized, there have been no systematic Electroanalysis and Sensors explorations of HJ structures with a view to assessing their performance as stable, electrochemically controllable nanoscale switches. The issues relevant in this context include critical ion concentration, sharpness of the ion-induced switching transition, reversibility and stability to HJ dissociation. This paper presents a systematic and quantitative survey of these characteristics for an HJ designed to switch predominantly between one open and one closed conformation. Ion-induced switching in solution has been detected optically using ﬂuorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between donor and acceptor dye labels on different HJ arms. Ions of varying size and valence have been quantitatively assessed according to switching concentration and sharpness of the transition using this approach. HJ dissociation has also been assessed by using a combination of FRET and gel electrophoresis. This work shows that a short HJ construct (of typical arm length 8 base pairs) is prone to dissociation in the open conformation. This is consistent with previous observations for other HJs, and implies that electrostatic repulsion dominates interstrand H-bonding in this case. However, a longer HJ (of typical arm length 12 base pairs) does not dissociate and retains favourable ion switching characteristics. This stable HJ is shown to undergo both ion-induced switching between two distinct conformations and tailored DNA-biomolecule interactions; its potential for use as the biosensing component in novel electrochemically-controllable biosensor platforms for DNA detection through electrochemical ion generation will be discussed. S2·O-30 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry

Monitoring Enzyme Activity (Lactoperoxidase) in Raw MonitoringMilk Enzyme by Electrochemical Activity (Lactoperoxidase) Methods in Raw

Milk by G.Electrochemical Burda and D. Mandler *,Methods G. Burda and D. Mandler*, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel The Hebrew University*[email protected] of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel *[email protected]

Peroxidases are enzymes that catalyze the reduction of peroxide, such as hydrogen peroxide by an electron donor (eq. 1). Determining the activity of enzymes can be a Symposium 2 - Oral useful method for monitoring biological fluids. We have focused on lactoperoxidase (LPO), which is found in bovine milk and shows antimicrobial activity.

Peroxidase (eq. 1) H2O2 + donor  → H2O + acceptor ensors Determining the activity of an oxido-reductase enzyme, such as LPO, can be accomplished by following the changes of the concentration of the donor or acceptor as a function of time. Yet, milk is a complex medium, made of oil-in-water emulsion and contains tens of different substances. Therefore, many analytical methods, e.g., spectrophotometry, are not adequate for monitoring a concentration change of either the substrates or products. In spite of the drawbacks, spectrophotometry is still the method being used for determining LPO activity. In our research we have used chronoamperometry and potentiometry as the principal

Electroanalysis and S techniques for measuring signals, which are proportional to the donor/acceptor concentration. Many donors such as pyrogallol, iodide, catechol, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (dopac), dopamine, L-dopa and ferrocenemonocarboxylic acid, were tested. Eventually, the donor that showed the best properties for electrochemically monitoring LPO, has been the couple 1,4- benzoquinone/hydroquinone. We studied the system first in artificial solutions and then used also raw milk. Specifically, a rotating gold electrode was biased at a fixed potential to reduce the benzoquinone that was formed upon oxidation of hydroquinone by H2O2 catalyzed by LPO. The sensitivity of our method is so high that the raw milk had to be diluted by a factor of ca. 50. On the other hand, we have used also potentiometry for measuring the changes in the donor/acceptor concentrations. The advantages and disadvantages of our approach vs. the other approaches will be discussed.

57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry S2·O-31

Self-signalling Antibodies In Homogeneous Diagnostics Self-signalling Antibodies In Homogeneous Diagnostics Demian V. Jardel, D. Jason Riley*, Beverley J. Randle†, Claire L. Thompson, Sarah Demian V. Jardel, D. Jason Riley*, Beverley J. Randle†, J. Wagstaffe Claire L. Thompson, Sarah J. Wagstaffe *School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK †Oral Surgery,*School Medicine of &Chemistry, Pathology, University Cardiff University, of Bristol, The Bristol, Dental BS8 School, 1TS, Cardiff UK CF14 4XY † Oral Surgery, Medicine*[email protected], & Pathology, Cardiff University, †[email protected] The Dental School, Cardiff CF14 4XY *[email protected] , †[email protected]

Monoclonal antibodies are effective molecular probes that are reproducible, specific and cost effective, but their use outside of the laboratory is restricted by technical Symposium 2 - Oral limitations. To address these constraints, the first self-signalling antibodies were described by Randle et al., where specific antigen binding caused release of bound reporter from bispecific antibodies to generate a detectable signal [1]. The close proximity of two different antibody binding sites is thought to promote interaction between molecules recognized by these sites, generating a signal by molecular crowding, as illustrated in figure 1. The primary objective is to research an immuno-sensor capable of producing an immediate, real-time multi-parametric analysis of biological species.

Electroanalysis and Sensors

Figure 1 - Schematic of a bifunctional self-signalling antibody

Using the model of a self-signalling bifunctional antibody, several detection methods were investigated with the use of different labels. The chemiluminescent chemical luminol was investigated as a marker using both electrochemical methods and spectrometry. The use of CdSe nanoparticles as markers was investigated by taking advantage of tunable fluorescence and the fluorescence quenching effect of antibody- nanoparticle interaction. Nanoparticles were also used as a form of mass amplification to detect metal ions at very low concentrations using electrochemical preconcentration techniques.

References

[1] B. J. Randle, S. J. Scoltock, D. K. Scott, Biochem. Bioph. Res.Co. 324 (2004) 504

S2·O-32 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry

Electroanalytical Studies of Protein Interactions Electroanalytical Studies of Protein Interactions Yang Rae Kim, Hyunchang Lim, Hasuck Kim* DepartmentYang of Chemistry, Rae Kim, Seoul Hyunchang National University, Lim, Hasuck Seoul Kim*151-747, Korea Department of Chemistry, Seoul*[email protected] National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea *[email protected]

Adsorption of proteins on the solid surface is the required initial and important step for many diverse applications such as biosensors, biochips, bioreactors, and other diagnostic procedures. Thus, several immobilization methods have Symposium 2 - Oral been used for the construction of protein microarrays that can be used for such applications. The advantages of noncovalent physical adsorption are simple for the immobilization process and no conformation change after adsorption. However, this method suffers from little control of orientation and no quantitative information as well as it’s instability. Therefore these ensors disadvantages result in lower reproducibility, lower interaction and higher error rates. Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) based protein linking technologies, however, use electrostatic interactions or chemical covalent bonding between functional groups of SAM and proteins. They provide very stable and quantifiable amount of self-assembled molecules, but these strategies suffer from weak interactions or non-specificities. In this study, we employed a specially designed calix[4]arene macromolecules containing crown-6 ring structure (ProLinker B from Proteogen Inc., Korea) which captures amine groups on protein surface. This linking method shows

Electroanalysis and S enhanced abilities in simple maner and orientation compared to conventional protein linking technologies based on self-assembled monolayer. Therefore the calix[4]crown-6 derivative was able to be used as a linker for the protein immobilization. It was directly self-assembled on gold electrodes of any type (flags or microarrays). Monolayer formation process as well as immobilization of various antibodies and antigens on the calix[4]crown-6 linker surface were monitored by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were also employed to investigate the protein immobilizing process on the surface. With these electrodes, changes in electrochemical impedance before and after specific immunological bindings were compared, and these changes were interpreted to quantitative information on the specific interaction and the consequent changes in the electrode structure. Details of experimental procedures and electrochemical data will be discusses.

Y.S. Lee, E.K. Lee, Y.W. Cho, T. Matsui, I.C. Kang, T.S. Kim, M.H. Han, Proteomics 3 (2003) 2289. Y. Xiao, V. Pavlov, T. Niazov, A. Dishon, M. Kotler, I. Willner, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 (2004) 7430. N.K. Chaki, K. Vijayamohanan, Biosens. Bioelectr. 17 (2002) 1.

57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry S2·O-33

Multi-protein, multi-layer assemblies on gold electrodes

F. Lisdat1*, R.V. Dronov 2,3, F. Scheller2, H. Möhwald3, D.G. Kurth3, 1Biosystems Technology, University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Bahnhofstr. 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany, 2Analytical Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Golm, Germany, 3Max Plank Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Golm, Germany *ﬂ[email protected]

Biological redox processes in membrane architectures can serve as a model for the

construction of sensors transfering an analytical signal into a measurable physical Symposium 2 - Oral value or other (bio)artificial devices. Integration of redox proteins or enzymes into functionalities with definded structure and controlled preparation provides access to new functional biological nano-arrangements thus representing one appraoch to the development of analytical signal chains. Here we report on artificial signal chains which are based on multilayer architectures formed by a self assembly process. The structures are based on a cytochrome c multilayer arrangement on gold electrodes ensuring full electroactivity of the immobilised redox protein. SERS measurements indicate a rather natural state of the heme environment. On top of this multilayer electrodes a second protein – xanthine oxidase (XOD) was immobilised using the same adsorption technique as for cytochrome c. However, in order to build multilayers of XOD another polyelectrolyte had to be used: polyethylenimine (PEI) instead of sulfonated polyanilline (PASA). The multilayer formation was followed by surface plasmon resonance. The resulting electrode was

found to be sensitive for µmolar hypoxanthine concentrations i.e. an anlytical signal Electroanalysis and Sensors chain could be established with this two- protein, multi-layered arrangement. The inﬂuence of the layer architecture on the response behaviour was investigated in more detail. From the mechanistic point of view a mediation of the analyte conversion at the XOD by superoxide radicals towards the cytochrome c could be shown. An alternative sytem was build up starting from cyt.c multilayers and immobilising laccase on top of this structure. Here PASA was used as polyelectrolyte building block throughout. Also here a signal chain from oxygen in solution via laccase and cytochrome c to the electrode could be established resulting in a reduction current in the presence of dissolved oxygen in solution. Within this structure a direct protein- protein communication is indicated.

Acknowledgement: Financial support by the FP6 Marie Curie project ‘EST on Biomimetic Systems’ (MEST CT 2004 504465) is gratefully acknowledged. S2·O-34 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry

Raman Spectroelectrochemical investigations of Thiol Redox Proteins in the Endoplasmic Reticulum.

Aidan Rhodes, Ritu Kataky*, Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham. *[email protected]

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a specialised cellular organelle that manufactures

Symposium 2 - Oral secretory pathway proteins. Proteins made in the ER have a wide range of functions, and include hundreds of proteins important to health and disease such as the MHC transplantation antigens and the prion protein, PrP. All these proteins must fold and oxidise correctly in the ER if they are to function properly. Thus, the chemistry of protein oxidation (disulfide bond formation) in this compartment is of central importance to biology. Disulfide bond formation in the ER is mediated by at least two ensors types of protein: the Protein Disulphide Isomerases (PDI’s), which directly catalyse the formation of disulfides in a substrate protein, and the ERO proteins, which re- oxidise PDI after PDI has been reduced. In this prestation we will discuss the redox processes in the ER present our investigatations on the effect of different hydrogen bonding environments on the ionisation of thiol proteins using a combination of electrochemistry and Raman spectroscopy. Electroanalysis and S 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry S2·O-35

Focused Microwaves in Electrochemistry MohamedMohamed A. A. GhanemGhanemaa,, FrankFrank Marken*Marken*aa,, RichardRichard G.G. ComptonComptonbb,, BarryBarry A. Colesbb, aDepartmentaDepartment of of Chemistry, Chemistry, UniversityUniversity of Bath,Bath, BathBath BA2 BA2 7AY, 7AY, UK UK b bPhysicalPhysical & &Theoretical Theoretical Chemistry Chemistry Laboratory, Laboratory, Oxford University,Oxford University,Oxford OX1 OX1 3QZ, 3QZ, UK UK *[email protected] *[email protected]

In situ microwave activation of electrochemical processes can be achieved at electrodes placed into a microwave cavity [1]. In this presentation, effects and applications of microwave radiation for electron transfer in a wide range of solvent systems from Symposium 2 - Oral aqueous solutions to organic solvents (DMSO, acetonitrile, DMF, formamide) and in + - an ionic liquid (BMIM PF6 ) are reported. Three order of magnitude current increases and considerable temperature enhancements are observed and explained based on the interaction of microwaves with the liquid (electrolyte) and the physical properties of the liquids or solutions. Electrochemical processes in emulsions are shown to be facile in the presence of microwaves with novel applications in electroanalysis.

Electroanalysis and Sensors

[1] M.A. Ghanem, R.G. Compton, B.A. Coles, A. Canals, A. Vuorema, P. John, F. Marken, Microwave activation of the electro-oxidation of glucose in alkaline media, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 7 (2005) 3552-3559.

S2·O-36 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry

Electrochemical Detection and Characterization of Commercial Globular Proteins

Vadim F. Lvovich1*, Alan T. Riga2, Shuvo Roy3, Aaron Fleischman3, William H. Fissell 4 and Matthew F. Smiechowski5 1 The Lubrizol Corporation C152, 29400 Lakeland Blvd., Wickliffe, OH 44092, [email protected] 2 Cleveland State University, Department of Chemistry, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115- 2214. 3 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Biomedical Engineering /ND20, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195 4

Symposium 2 - Oral The University of Michigan Health System, Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical Science Research Building II, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Room 1570D, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0676 5 Department of Chemical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106

ensors On-line detection of serum proteins is of clinical relevance, in detecting leaks and biofouling in hemoﬁltration equipment, bioﬁlm growth on prosthetic devices, or hemolysis within a prosthetic or therapeutic device. Presently detection of these processes involves inherently expensive or morbid laboratory processing of patient samples, radiographic techniques or surgical removal of the device. We employed electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) to detect and analyze micromolar concentrations of four commercially available globular proteins - Sweet Potato β-Amylase, Bovine Serum Albumin, Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase, and Bovine Carbonic Anhydrase with molecular weights in the same

Electroanalysis and S range as serum proteins of clinical interest. These proteins were characterized in order to understand their electrochemical properties, study their interactions with each other and with the electrode material, simulate the proteins adsorption on solid state implanted devices, and develop cost effective and reliable methods to detect and quantify them. CV testing showed that identification and quantification of each of these proteins was possible through analysis of current changes at specific potentials on a voltammogram. Preliminary CV studies into the contamination of Bovine Serum Albumin with a microgram amount of one of the other three proteins illustrated that direct detection of the contaminant protein was possible. The impedance data was used to develop an equivalent circuit model for the protein solutions. The analysis of the impedance data demonstrated that with increase in relative concentration of proteins, the amount of electroactive proteins adsorption at the interface increases, leading to increase in surface charge density and capacitance, especially for lower molecular weight proteins. The values of Gibbs adsorption energy and adsorption coefficients for the four proteins were also determined from the EIS measurements. This information is important for demonstration of feasibility of constructing implantable electronic biosensors based on solid state electrodes. The strategy is scalable to the development of microfluidic systems and “smart” medical devices that will ultimately enable portable, cost-effective and rapid analysis of protein markers for point-of-care medical diagnostics leading to significant reductions in diagnostic ambiguity, unnecessary procedures, and patient distress. 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry S2·O-37

MicroﬂuidicMicrofluidic devicedevice forfor thethe manipulationmanipulation andand electrochemicalelectrochemical analysisanalysis ofof singlesingle cellularcellular activitiesactivities Kuniaki Nagamine1, Tomoyuki Yasukawa1, Hitoshi Shiku1, Masahiro Koide2, Kuniaki NagamineTomosato1, Tomoyuki Itayama Yasukawa2, Tomokazu1, Hitoshi Matsue* Shiku1,1 ,Masahiro Koide2, 2 1 1 Graduate School of EnvironmentalTomosato ItayamaStudies, Tohoku, Tomokazu University, Matsue 6-6-11* , Aramaki Aoba, Aoba-ku, 1 GraduateSendai, 980-8579, School of Japan.Environmental 2 National Studies, Institute Tohoku for University, Environmental 6-6-11 Studies Aramaki 16-2, Aoba, Onogawa, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan. 2 NationalTsukuba, Institute Ibaraki for Environmental300-0402, Japan Studies 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, *[email protected] 300-0402, Japan

An electrochemical microfluidic device was fabricated to characterize the activity of Symposium 2 - Oral single cells. To avoid the contamination of silver ion, the reference electrode was positioned in the channel separated from the main channel with a working electrode. The microelectrode embedded in the detection area was used to manipulate single cells based on electrophoresis and detect oxygen generated from a single cyanobacterium Microcystis viridis by the photosynthesis. Figure 1(A) shows the micrograph of the electrochemical microfluidic device. The device was composed of two parallel poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchannels. Pt working electrode (10 x 120 µm) and Pt counter electrode (20 x 120 µm) were positioned in one channel, and Ag/AgCl reference electrode (200 x 300 µm) was in the other. Two microchannels were electrochemically connected via small gaps constructed between the surface of Pt line (50 x 1000 µm) and PDMS. The detection channel was filled with 4.0 mM K4Fe(CN)6 and 0.1 M KCl as an electrolyte, and the channel for the reference electrode was saturated with KCl and AgCl. Electrochemical performance of the device was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Figure 1(B) 4- Electroanalysis and Sensors shows a CV of 4.0 mM Fe(CN)6 using the device. The Pt line (showed in Fig. 1(A)) ensured the ionic movement between the channels for the working and reference electrodes and, as a result, giving reversible electrochemical 4-/3- response for Fe(CN)6 . Figure 2 shows electrophoretic manipulation of a single M. viridis cell in the channel. The voltage of +2.0 V was applied to the working electrodes embedded in the detection area. M. viridis cell flowing in the main channel was easily captured and introduced into the detection area. In addition, when the opposite voltage was applied, the trapped cell was released to the main channel. We are currently carrying out the measurement of the photosynthetic activities of single M. viridis cells using this device.

S2·O-38 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry

OptimizingOptimizing all-solid-state all-solid-state polyacrylate polyacrylate based ion-selective based electrodes ion- selective electrodes A. Michalska1, A. Rzewuska1, M. Łyczewska1, K. Maksymiuk1 and E.A.H. Hall2 A. Michalska1, A. Rzewuska1, M. Łyczewska1, K. Maksymiuk1 and E.A.H. Hall2 1Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland 1Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland 2 2Institute Institute of of Biotechnology, Biotechnology, University of of Cambridge, Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, UK Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, UK

Ion-selective electrodes are established electroanalytical tools allowing rapid, relatively

Symposium 2 - Oral inexpensive and accurate determination of many analytes, including those important from a clinical or environmental point of view, in concentrations reaching trace levels[1]. An interesting modification leading to sensors that are easier to manufacture and handle is replacement of the internal solution with a conducting polymer transducer, leading to all-solid ensors state sensors[2,3]. Other approaches look for membrane materials that can replace commonly used poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). In this respect polyacrylates, characterized with lower diffusion coefficients compared to PVC are an interesting option [4], especially but not exclusively, selfplasticing ones and those that are obtained by photopolymerization. The comparison of PVC and polyacrylate based sensors, in terms of achievable analytical parameters, especially detection limits and stability will be presented using the example of potassium and silver selective electrodes. Both coated wire and all-solid state conducting Electroanalysis and S polymer based sensors were studied. Despite the favourable parameters of polyacrylate based membranes sensors[5,6], further constructional improvements are of special interest. Thus, the composite ion-selective membranes containing poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene) polymer end capped with acrylate units (Oligotron ™) have been obtained. The membranes of this type can be conveniently photopolymerized directly on the substrate, yielding ion-selective electrodes characterized by Nernstian responses over wide activity ranges, stable (for a few months) low detection limits and favorable selectivity coefficients. The experimental results presented were obtained for calcium, lead and potassium sensors of composite membrane type.

1 Bakker E, Pretsch E (2005) Trends Anal. Chem 24: 199-207 2 Bobacka J (2006) Electroanalysis 18: 7-18. 3 Michalska A (2006) Anal Bioanal Chem 384: 391-406 4 Heng LY, Toth K, Hall EAH (2004) 63: 73-87 5 Michalska AJ, Appiach-Kusi Ch, Heng LY, Walkiewicz S, Hall EAH (2004) Anal. Chem 76: 2031 – 2039 6 Chumbimuni-Torres k, Rubinova N, Radu A, Kubota LT, Bakker E (2006) Anal. Chem 78:1318-1322. 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry S2·O-39

Enhanced Performance of Mesoporous SnO2 Multilayered Film in Direct Electron Transfer of Hemoglobin

Hong-Yuan Chen*, Jiu-Ju Feng, Jing-Juan Xu The Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China *[email protected]

Up to date, many efforts have been made to prepare desirable matrices to immobilize Symposium 2 - Oral biomolecules, which is one of the most important factors and directly affecting the performance of a biosensor. Recently, nanoparticles as matrices to immobilize biomolecules, has become a hot subject in biosensing ﬁeld for their unique properties such as size-dependent optical, electronic, and chemical properties. Among numerous nano-materials, mesoporous materials are more prospective, which have many attractive properties such as larger active surface area, higher mechanical, thermal and chemical stability, better adsorption capability and penetrability due to their regular structures, in comparison with those of non-mesoporous nanoparticles. These fascinating properties make them promising for assemblies as protective hosts to increase protein loading and facilitate the interfacial electron transfer. In our group, several mesoporous nanoparticles, such as mesoporous SnO2, mesoporous tin phosphate, mesoporous carbon nanoparticles were used to fabricate uniform and stable multilayered ﬁlms by layer-by-layer assembly method. Scanning electronic

microscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Electroanalysis and Sensors cyclic voltammetry measurements were employed to characterize these films growth. These films were further used to immobilize hemoglobin (Hb), and its direct electron transfer behaviours were observed on these mesoporous films modified electrodes.

Serving mesoporous SnO2 as a model, the multilayered films were grown on 4- aminobenzoic acid modified glassy carbon electrode by alternative adsorption of dextran sulfate (Dex) and mesoporous SnO2 (meso-SnO2). For comparison, the same- sized non-mesoporous SnO2 nanoparticles (nonmeso-SnO2) based films were also constructed. The electrochemical impedance spectra confirmed the electron transfer resistance increased linearly with the increase number of meso-SnO2/Dex bilayers, which was smaller than that of corresponding nonmeso-SnO2/Dex bilayers. Positions and intensity of Soret absorption spectra band showed that Hb retains its bioactivity in both films, and meso-SnO2/Dex film exhibited improved immobilization ability of Hb in comparison with that of nonmeso-SnO2/Dex film. Cyclic voltammograms of adsorbed Hb at meso-SnO2/Dex film showed a good electrochemical behavior and excellent electrocatalysis to the reduction of O2 and H2O2 at pH 7.0 PBS. The mesoporous film, made by the superposition of six layers, showed enhanced electron transfer efficiency by ca. 300% and electrocatalytic ability by ca. 350% to H2O2 and

440% to O2 in comparison with that of nonmeso-SnO2 film. Enhanced electron transfer efficiency and electrocatalytic ability were also obtained on the other mesoporous nanoparticles multilayered films and were concisely discussed. S2·O-40 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry

Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection as an Effective Method for Determining Femtomole Level Polyphenols in Human Blood

Kiyoko Takamura*, Akira Kotani, Kouji Takahashi, Fumiyo Kusu School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan * [email protected]

Symposium 2 - Oral Polyphenolic components such as catechins and quercetin in foods have become of interest in recent years for their preventive activities against cancer and coronary heart disease. Since their contents in human blood after tea ingestion are in extremely low levels, development of highly sensitive analytical method capable of detecting fmol (or below fmol) level analytes should be required to clarify the kinetic metabolism of

ensors polyphenols in human body. . In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection using a microbore ODS column (150 x 1.0 mm i.d.) was examined for determining catechins and quercetin in human blood following the ingestion of green tea. Water-methanol mixtures containing 0.5% phosphoric acid served as a mobile phase and made to ﬂow at 25 µL/min. A 5 µL volume of a test solution prepared from human plasma was injected into the microbore column maintained at 40°C. Catechins or quercetin were detected at +0.6 or +0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl, respectively, on a glassy carbon working electrode.

Electroanalysis and S A chromatogram obtained for a mixture of 8 kinds of catechins gave well-separated peaks corresponding to the respective catechin. Each peak height was found to be linearly related to each catechin concentration ranging from 5 fmol~10 pmol/5 µL (r = 0.999, RSD = <0.86%). The time courses of the catechin concentrations in plasma after tea ingestion (340 mL of commercial canned green tea) could be followed by this method. Maximum levels were attained at 1~2 h later, and almost disappeared at 6 h following the tea ingestion. Quercetin also gave a well-defined peak on a chromatogram and the time courses of the quercetin levels in plasma subsequent to the green tea ingestion showed similar features to those for catechins. To obtain much higher sensitivity for the polyphenol determination, capillary liquid chromatography (150 x 0.2 mm i.d.) was further examined in this study. Detection limit as low as some tens of attomole levels could be attained by this method. The present methods are characterized by far higher sensitivity compared to HPLC with a conventional column (several mm i.d.), as a result of the suppression of the diffusing dilution of the injected analytes in the separation column. Therefore, extremely low levels (fmol~amol levels) of catechins and quercetin in human plasma after the green tea ingestion were determined by the present methods. The time course measurements in such low levels cannot be followed by HPLC with a conventional column, and accordingly, the methods are expected as effective means for the metabolic studies of polyphenols in human body. hexacyanoferrate couples. and rhenium of potentials standard soluble-soluble the determine of to case applied were the Results systems. in influence significant no is there However, couples. insoluble-soluble involved system the when potentials standard of calculation the in contribution important an have coefficients transfer electron that verified have We technique and Tafel plots. of redox couples can be determined by combination of voltammetry, semi-integration Butler-Volmergeneral the on based kinetics. Wepotentials standard that shown have made was calculation The couples. insoluble-soluble and soluble-soluble involving reactions transfer electron quasi-reversible the for calculated were curves transfer potential electron anodic and cathodic of effect coefficients on the the determination of investigated standard potentials we from voltammograms. study Current- this In Abdelkader Saila, Effect ofelectron transfer coefficientsonthe 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th determination ofstandardpotential Laboratoire LAIGM,DépartementdeChimieIndustrielle, UniversitédeGuelma,BP 401,Guelma24000, Algeria. Fatima Kesri, *[email protected] Ourida Mahmoudiand Abed Mohamed Affoune * S2·P-1

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-2 was applied. (SECM) microscopy electrochemical scanning the surface RMEAs the analyse To were used:cyclicvoltammetryandchronoamperometry. For the purpose of characterization of the electrochemical devices different techniques with different centre-to-centreseparationbetweenactivesites. materials same the in behaviour RMEAs the compared was it well, as work, this In as materialscomposingtheelectrodesonSiliconwafers,analysingtheirbehaviour the Carbon for and Platinum Gold, using (RMEAs) arrays techniques electrode microdiscs recessed of microlithographic of range development a fabricate to used was the technique This devices. electrochemical of fabrication to due is reason The years. The applications of microelectrodes arrays have been signiﬁcantly increasing in recent 1 Department ofChemistry, UniversityofDurham, SouthRoad,ScienceLaboratories,Durham, UK 2 School ofEngineering,UniversityDurham, SouthRoad,ScienceLaboratories,Durham, UK Microdiscs Electrode Arrays (Rmeas) Assembled In * Characterization And ComparisonOfRecessed

[email protected] ,[email protected], [email protected] 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Different Materials And Combinations F. Aguiar 1 , [email protected] R. Kataky* DH1 3LE. DH1 3LE 1 , A.J. Galant* 2 , D. Wood* 2 . atmosphere. NH atmosphere. gas in oxygen lamp mercury fromlow-pressure a light withUV surface sample by the exposing wasprepared surface (O-BDD) BDD method.Oxidized (MPCVD) deposition vapor chemical plasma-enhanced microwave by were obtained BDDs investigated. was surface termination of type surfaces onthe BDD to ofAu nanoparticle properties NH and nanoparticle the between interaction electrostatic case, this in ions negativecitrate wasby adsorbed surface nanoparticle Au the 1c).Since 1b, (Fig. andSH-BDDs BDDs. BDDs. Au nanoparticle-modified fabricate to solution nanoparticle Au in immersed were then hand, homogeneous adsorption of dispersed Au nanoparticle wasNH on observed Aunanoparticle ofdispersed adsorption homogeneous hand, other On the 1a). (Fig. solution nanoparticle Au inthe samples ofthe theimmersion proper surface termination patterns. surface termination proper by fabricating realized be should surfaces BDD onto adsorption nanoparticle metal selective site Therefore, adsorption. responsible be the for to isconsidered formation 1 fieldof electrocatalysis. inthe investigated widely been have clusters or Aunanoparticles including nanoparticles Metal stability. high and current lowwindow, background potential wide as such electroanalysis for a conventional citrate reduction method using HAuCl using method reduction citrate conventional a by nmprepared were of12 diameter withanaverage Aunanoparticles agents. coupling silane thecorresponding containing solution in the O-BDD immersing simply by made Immobilization Auof nanoparticles on various terminated 1 SEM image shows that Au nanoparticles were not immobilized on O- BDDs after after O-on BDDs werenotimmobilized Aunanoparticles that image SEM shows 2 Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode has attractive electrochemical properties properties electrochemical hasattractive electrode (BDD) diamond Boron-doped Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Engineering, of ScienceFaculty Chemistry,Tokyo of University ofIndustrial Department 1 -BDD surface should be attractive. In the case of SH-BDD, covalent Au-S bond covalent ofSH-BDD, case Inthe attractive. be should surface -BDD Department ofIndustrialChemistry, FacultyofEngineering,Tokyo UniversityofScience Fig.1SEM images of Au nanoparticles (a)O-BDD,on (c)NH Immobilization of Au nanoparticlesonvarious 2 2 Department of Chemistry, FacultyofChemistry,Science Technology,KeioDepartment of and University S. Aoshima Department ofChemistry, FacultyofScienceandTechnology, KeioUniversity terminated boron dopeddiamond electrode S. Aoshima S. 12-1 Ichigaya-Funagawara-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, JapanTokyo, 162-0826 Shinjuku-ku, Ichigaya-Funagawara-machi, 12-1 12-1 Ichigaya-Funagawara-machi,Shinjuku-ku,Tokyo, 162-0826Japan 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th 3-2-1 Sakado Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki,Kanagawa, JapanSakado 213-0012 3-2-1 Takatsu-ku, 3-2-1 SakadoTakatsu-ku, Kawasaki,Kanagawa,213-0012Japan 2 and SH terminated BDD (NH BDD terminated SH and 3 3 Kanagawa Academy ofScienceandTechnology (KAST) Kanagawa Academy of Academy (KAST)of Science Kanagawa Technology and borondoped diamond electrode 1 , 1 , T. Kondo T. , T. Kondo 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,Yokohama, 223-8522Japan 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Hiyoshi, Japan Yokohama, 223-8522 3-14-1 1 [email protected] [email protected] , 1 Y. Einaga , Y. Einaga Y. ,

In this work, dependence of the adsorption adsorption ofthe work,dependence Inthis 2 , 2 A. Fujishima , A.Fujishima , 2 - and SH-BDD, respectively) were respectively) SH-BDD, -and 4 aqueous solution. The BDDs BDDs The aqueoussolution. 2 -BDD and(d) SH-BDD 3 and 3 and T. Kawai T. and T. Kawai

1 * 1 * 2 - S2·P-3

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-4 and Hemomycin M NaHCO M Hemomycin from azithromycin and azithromycin pure of peak oxidation the of current the of value maximum voltammetry.The sweep linear of the values of the current peak concerning the concentration of antibiotic in the in antibiotic of concentration the concerning peak current analysis the by of values obtained the data of the conﬁrmed electrolyte of bulk the of analysis HPLC This paperisdedicatedtoprofessor Aleksandar Despic+. (Hemomycin dosages. capsule from the azithromycin for and employed successfully be can electrode dihydrate azithromycin gold of determination electrochemical quantitative and qualitative a that concluded be can It lactose separation. of case Hemomycin the in However, values. peak current higher to leads methanol of presence the azithromycin, of case the In investigated. is present, when methanol, of role The investigated concentrationrange. mVs Hemomycin and azithromycin of assay an and properties oxidative the examine to was study present the of aim The qualitative and quantitative determination of azithromycin and on the azithromycin/ the on and azithromycin of determination quantitative and qualitative 1 M.L. AvramovIvi ICTM -InstituteofElectrochemistry, UniversityofBelgrade,Njegoševa12,Serbia 3 2 Hemofarm Group, PharmaceuticalandChemicalIndustry, Vršac, SerbiaandMontenegro Faculty ofTechnology andMetallurgy, Karnegijeva4,Belgrade,SerbiaandMontenegro, Studies onelectrochemical oxidationofazithromycin -1 is a linear function of the concentration in the range of 0.235 – 0.588 mg/cm 0.588 – 0.235 of range the in concentration the of function linear a is 3 and in a mixture methanol - 0.05 M NaHCO M 0.05 - methanol mixture a in and  57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th ,

methanol should be avoided because of its inhibiting inﬂuence on the on inﬂuence inhibiting its of because avoided be should methanol 1 * , S.D. Petrovi

Drljevi at gold electrode in neutral electrolyte 

at a gold electrode in neutral electrolyte using cyclic using electrolyte neutral in electrode gold a at * [email protected] 2 , and Montenegro, 3 3 ,

and D.Z. Mijin M. B.Jovanovi 2  , P.M. Zivkovi va t oiain n h tested the in oxidation its via ) 2  3 (1:1) at a scan rate of 50 of rate scan a at (1:1) at 0.6 V vs. SCE in 0.05 in SCE vs. V 0.6 at 2 , I .M. Kosovi 2 , K.M. 3 . solution. Because of the n-type semiconductor properties (E properties semiconductor n-type the of Because solution. [2] M. Reinecke, J. Spindler, F. Berthold, W. Vonau: Chemisch Nickel auf Glas. Glas. auf Nickel Chemisch Vonau: W. Berthold, F. Spindler, J. Reinecke, M. [2] Steinkopff Dietrich Verlag Anwendungen. ihre und Glaselektrode Die L.Kratz: [1] as Fig. 1: Design of thenew glass Methanol electrode or Ethanol 2-Propanol, solution. precursor in zinc acetate dehydrate zinc thin using surface the glass inner deposit the on layer to oxide applied were pyrolysis Spray (7). space andtheinternal (6) cylindrical head electrode the the (5), contact (1), electric the (2), glass membrane shaft glass pH the of consists It 1. Fig. in given is electrode glass new the of design The (1) NiP |ZnO| || solution Glass Test following PdCl in activated was The ZnO-layer the when layer. possible, was NiP interface of deposition electroless as ZnO using on by NiP-plating ceramic) (glass, electroless substrates by dielectric produced were sensors electrochemical planar studies of these In [2]. groups research ofour investigations former on number isbased new approach The a for different is potential procedure. same made the by electrodes absolute of the e.g. i.e. layers, metal non-reproducible, investigated are the silver, salt of buffered potentials liquid measured a for in the kind However, second e.g. solution. of system inside, reference inner an electrochemical the the without measure to potential and on alloys or metals of means coating by glass pH of metallic surface with electrodes glass the connect was, to goal The [1]. 1920’s the since exist pH-value, the determining glass applicable First 1 following scheme: scheme: following the by represented be may It [3]. NiP conductor electron and (1) glass conductor ionic the between intermediary as and deposition (4) NiP electroless for layer interface as 1) fig. in (3 ZnO used we electrode glass the of coating the [3] T. Bachmann, J. Spindler, W. Vonau, F. Gerlach: Glaselektrode und Verfahren zu zu Verfahren und Glaselektrode Gerlach: F. Vonau, W. Spindler, J. Bachmann, T. [3] Metalloberfläche Metalloberfläche 1950 Frankfurt/Main, deren Herstellung. Patent application in Germany, P 102005 059 680.0 (2005) (2005) 680.0 059 102005 P inGermany, application Patent Herstellung. deren Glass Electrode withMetallic CoatingontheInside Glass Electrode with MetallicCoating on theInside 2 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Kurt-Schwabe-Institut für Mess- und Sensortechnik e.V. Meinsberg Sensortechnike.V. und für Mess- Kurt-Schwabe-Institut 2 Kurt-Schwabe-Straße 4, D-04720 Germany 4, Kurt-Schwabe-Straße Ziegra-Knobelsdorf, Kurt-Schwabe-InstitutfürMess-undSensortechnike.V. Meinsberg T. Bachmann T. 1 Kurt-Schwabe-Straße 4,D-04720Ziegra-Knobelsdorf,Germany T. Bachmann Hochschule Mittweida (FH) - University of Applied of Sciences Mittweida University (FH)- Hochschule 1 HochschuleMittweida(FH)-Universityof Applied Sciences Technikumplatz 17, D-09648 Mittweida, Germany D-09648Mittweida, Technikumplatz 17, 56 Technikumplatz 17,D-09648Mittweida,Germany (2002) 20-24 20-24 (2002) 1* 1* , J. Spindler J. , , J. Spindler *[email protected] *[email protected] *[email protected] 1 1 , F. Gerlach , F. Gerlach F. , 2 2 and and W. Vonau W. and g W. Vonau =3,4 eV) of zinc oxide for for oxide zinc of eV) =3,4 2 2

2 S2·P-5

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-6 by the use of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as model protein which fouls sensor fouls which surfaces. protein model as (BSA) Albumin Serum Bovine of tested use the were by polymer the of properties binding selective and properties antifouling the Moreover investigated. been has charge ion probe the of function a as response electrochemical The performed. was nano-craters PAA/PEG with and (PAA) Acid Acrylic Poly with (PEG), Glycol Ethylene Poly with gold coated of arrays behaviour microelectrode electrochemical the of investigation exhaustive an work this In capability ofthesurface. orientation the increase to designed specifically nano-craters create of to polymer nano-patterning the allows lithography colloidal with PE-CVD of combination the Furthermore, (PE-CVD). deposition vapour chemical enhanced plasma of use the is A possible strategy for depositing a uniform and stable polymeric layer onto a surface capability ofthebiorecognitionelements. orientation the improve can layer polymeric the of nano-structuring such Moreover, of the electrode surface with polymeric layers with controlled chemical functionality. to enzyme) (antibody, molecule biorecognition increase the the biological reaction. A possible route to address theses of issue is the coating orientation background the create that and surface signal sensor the specific on non molecules the of undesired of of case reduction interactions the the are In issues main analysis. the clinical biosensors, electrochemical and environmental for micro- of sensors application and electrochemical realisation microelectrode the of in interest fabrication increasing an the in results for arrays techniques lithographic of application The 2 Valerio Beni Electrochemical evaluation ofpolymericnanopatterned European Commission,JointResearch Centre, InstituteforHealthandConsumerProtection, Via 3 Dipartimento diFisica“A.Volta”, Universita’ degliStudidiPavia,Via Bassa6,27100Pavia, microelectrode arraysfor biosensorsapplication 1 Tyndall NationalInstitute,LeeMaltings,UniversityCollege,Cork,Ireland 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th 1 , Andrea Valsesia E. Fermi1,21020Ispra(Varese), Italy. *[email protected] 2,3 , Pascal Colpo Italy 2 , Francois Rossi 2 , Damien Arrigan 1 * electrografting. by formed hydrogels of analysis for and surfaces, on thiols of gradients example for of formation the on investigations for combination instrumental this use to Weplan processes actuallyincreasedthecontrastinSPRimage. the to of gold electrode able with alkanethiols (i.e. 100 micrometer wide lines of potential HSC hence the controlling are while electrode. we To demonstrate imaging the advantages with such instrumental instrumentation, setup, we surface patterned a iSPR perform simultaneously and electrochemistry- our With to possible is it detector, indirectly usevoltammetrytoanalyzeforexamplepatternedsurfaces. as CCD-camera a with equipped is instrument iSPR the Since reactions. faradaic the monitor to used is that processes electrochemical the by induced index refractive in change the this rather is it in current, the via is evaluated not case reactions the of extent The experiment. amperometric or voltammetric a during processes electrochemical follow optically the to possible of therefore vicinity is It the surface. in adsorbing index refractive species the in to changes as sensitive well is as substrates, SPR gold on reactions. such prohibit to towards prone more are properties layers organized more and blocking thicker whereas reactions, faradaic block to able less are different show monolayers thiol organized less and shorter instance, For processes. electrochemical modifications surface Different electrodes. patterned and gradients thiol example, for on, place taking reactions electrochemical of evaluation optical enable to (iSPR) Resonance Plasmon Surface imaging CVwith traditional using responses from different areas evaluate of the electrode. In this contribution we to have combined difficult hand, the distinguishing of way straightforward no is there other since methods, electrochemical like the layers on are, Heterogeneous surfaces Spectroscopy. patterned Impedance Electrochemical and (CV) characteristics, and capacitance of such layers can be assessed blocking quality,by Cyclic The Voltammetrybiosensors. in backbones as role important an play metals on Self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiols, hydrogels and other surface modifications SPR imaging, that the difference in refractive index induced by the electrochemical the by induced index refractive in difference the that imaging, SPR to compared place, conventional to compared found, also was took It thiols. with covered surface the of parts reactions faradaic where electrode the on areas locate to possible was it SPR-image, resulting the in intensities different the From electrolyte. and filled the electrochemistry-iSPR cell with a redox couple dissolved in a supporting S-SENCE andDivisionof Applied Physics,Dept.ofChemistryandBiology(IFM), Characterization ofsurfacemodifications using Olof Andersson, voltammetry combinedwithimaging 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Link ö pings universitet,SE-58183Link Christian Ulrich, *[email protected] Bo Liedberg and ö ping, Sweden Fredrik Bj SPR ö refors 15 H 30 COOH), *

S2·P-7

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-8 h atos r gaeu t Aec Uiestie rnohn (eerh grant (research CEEX Matnantech6/2005)forthefinancial support. Francophone grant Universitaire (research Research and Education Agence of Ministry Romanian to and 6301PS4/2004) grateful are authors The Acknowledgments: Keywords: heavymetals,magneticsilicamicroparticles,squarewavevoltammetry available, commercially environmental andpharmaceuticalsamples. portable, a food, in metals trace of analysis with decentralized the for performed be can potentiostat sensor electrochemical the Coupling wave square using species preconcentrated voltammetry. the of detection electrochemical and the exchange, medium a by followed accumulation conditions open-circuit the under analyte steps: the of two comprises procedure electroanalytical are The performance its reported. optimise to experiments laboratory systematic and set-up the of construction the ppb). of 200 Adescription – detailed (1 levels ppb low at drinks) on-site the for described spirit juices, (wines, beverages different is from copper and lead cadmium, electrode of analysis paste carbon magnetized a at Stripping voltammetry determination. and preconcentration metals heavy for agent complexing a as ethylenediaminetetraacetate with modified were nm) (30 nanopores of density Magnetised silica-based microparticles (average nominal diameter: 5 μm) with a high 3 2 Université Libre de Bruxelles, Pharmaceutical Institut, Campus Plaine CP 205/6, Bd du Triomphe, determination ofheavymetalsfrom different beverages Chemical Metrology Department,NationalInstitute ofMetrology (Thailand) Phatumthani12120 1 Analytical ChemistryDepartment,UniversityofMedicineandPharmacy“Iuliu-Haţieganu”, using edta-modifiedmagneticsilicamicroparticles Ede Bodoki In fieldpreconcentration and voltammetric 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th

4, LouisPasteurSt.,400349,Cluj-Napoca,România 1 , Cecilia Cristea Jean-Michel Kauffmann B-1050 Brussels,Belgium *[email protected] 1 , Thailand Robert Săndulescu 3 1* , Akira Nomura 2 ,

with a disruption of the DNA integrity. In this way the electrochemical DNA DNA electrochemical the way this In integrity. DNA the studies these for alternative andsensitive arapid represent biosensors of disruption a correlates can that with signals the in variations small or (ssDNA) DNA strand (dsDNA) single DNA biosensor and strand analytical double thebetween differences for quantifiable challenge detect to the is cases chemistry both In or damage. sequences DNA specific study of to detection devoted mainly are molecules DNA with studies The Nevertheless, for DNA adsorption, CHIT/CNT film was the most suitable to obtain obtain to suitable most the oxidation. guanine the of sensitive and signal reproducible was film CHIT/CNT adsorption, DNA for Nevertheless, irregular. more is surface the and conductivity GCE bare the reach never but electrode, GCE-CHIT to respect enhances conductivity the line voltammogram) line (blue CNT with doped is chitosan When current. normalized SECM the in 0.15 to 1.25 from decrease a reduced (red producing voltammogram), line (black a GCE bare a with compare surface electroactive has GCE voltammogram) modified that chitosan found was It mediator. redox as 7.4 pH buffer inphosphate methanol ferrocene modified using surfaces each image was to mode selected feedback SECM The the of DNA. adsorption to with previous with nanotubes doped carbon modified chitosan or chitosan was chitosan electrode on carbon glassy A nanotubes. carbon based DNA biosensors of study to imaging SECM apply to was work this of aim The performance. of their optimization well asthe as structures, sensor electron-transfer extracting and biosensors of characterization the and preparation the for controlling for useful very be technique versatile a to demonstrates technique The is systems. biological studying and/or information kinetics SECM hand, other the On

2. S. Bollo, C. Yañez, J.Sturm, L.J. Nuñez & J.A. Squella, Squella, & J.A. Nuñez L.J. J.Sturm, C.Yañez, Bollo, S. 2. 1. G.A. Rivas, M. L. Pedano, and N. F. Ferreyra Ferreyra F. N. and L. Pedano, M. Rivas, G.A. 1. 2 1 INFIQC, Departamento de Físico Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional Financial support from FONDECYT (Grants Nº 1050797 and 7050260) isgratefully and7050260) 1050797 Nº (Grants fromFONDECYT support Financial Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM)studyof Laboratorio deBioelectroquímica, FacultaddeCienciasQuímicasyFarmacéuticas,Universidad Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) of study 2 INFIQC, Departamento de Físico Química, Facultad Departamento Química, FísicoUniversidad Cienciasde INFIQC, de Químicas, DNA biosensorsbasedonchitosancarbonnanotubes DNA basedbiosensors on chitosan carbon nanotubes 1 Laboratorio de Bioelectroquímica, Facultad Bioelectroquímica, Cienciasde Químicasde yFarmacéuticas, Laboratorio Nacional de Córdoba,Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina Argentina Córdoba,5000 Córdoba,Ciudad Universitaria, de Nacional Soledad Bollo 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Soledad Bollo Soledad de Córdoba,Ciudad Universitaria,5000Córdoba, Argentina Universidad de Chile, P.O. Box P.O.Box Chile Chile, 233, de Universidad Santiago, de Chile,P.O. Box233,Santiago,Chile *,1 *,1 , NancyF. Ferreyra , NancyFerreyra F. , *[email protected] *[email protected] *[email protected] acknowledged. acknowledged. 1 1

2 Analytical Letters Analytical 2 andGustavo A. Rivas and Gustavo A.Rivas Gustavo and Langmuir, Langmuir, , 38 (2005) 2653. 2653. (2005) 38 , 1 19, (2003), 3365. 3365. (2003), 19, . . 2 2

S2·P-9

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-10 immobilised hemin redox system may be employed in electroanalytical applications applications electroanalytical in [1]. employed be may system redox The hemin cellulose. immobilised amorphous the with within correlated sites to is complex diffusion metal the slower of The binding “specific” matrix. cellulose the within 70) factor a (by slower much diffuses hemin contrast, In when solution. slower in diffusion 4 of factor rate a the to be compared to estimated is cellulose in ions these for relative diffusion of The rate cellulose. amorphous the with interaction specific without “entrapment” active form. The ability of Fe(CN) of ability The form. active

[1] M.J. Bonné, C. Reynolds, S. Yates, G. Shul, J. Niedziolka, M. Opallo, F. Marken Marken F. Opallo, M. Niedziolka, J. Shul, G. Yates, S. Reynolds, C. Bonné, M.J. [1] IX)(H h mtl opee Fe(CN) complexes leaching metal and The absorption quantify and investigate to on withincellulose. reactivity wellchemical as the processes as based developed approach electrochemical is An voltammetry cellulose. within occur processes diffusion and absorption anion and cation thickness, variable with membrane cellulose a of case the for here shown is It structure. fibrilar regenerated or natural nanocrystalline the in regions cellulose amorphous to due mainly absorbent natural excellent an is Cellulose 1 Absorption, Diffusion, and Reactivity and Diffusion, Absorption, of Complexes Metal 3peypoy)yiie wtr ytm, e J Ce. (06 DOI: (2006) Chem., J. New systems, water 10.1039/b514348a. | (3-phenylpropyl)pyridine 4- in complexes metal porphyrinato of reactivity ion-transfer electrochemical The Electrode SurfacesandImmersed in Aqueous Buffer Complexes inCelluloseMembranesImmobilisedat 2 in Cellulose Membranes Cellulose in Immobilised at Electrode O)(OH)] Absorption, Diffusion,andReactivityofMetal Surfaces Immersed and Aqueous in Buffer 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Department ofUniversityChemistry, Bath,BathDepartment of UK 7AY, BA2 2- Department ofChemistry, UniversityofBath,BathBA27AY, UK or hemin are readily absorbed into cellulose in electrochemically electrochemically in cellulose into absorbed readily are hemin or Mike J. Bonné, J. Mike Mike J.Bonn *[email protected] *[email protected] *[email protected] 6 3- 6 3- Ru(NH , and Ru(NH and é , Frank Marken*, Marken*, Frank

Frank Marken* 3 ) 6 3+ 3 ad [Fe(III)(protoporphyrinato- and , ) 6 3+ to absorb appears to be due to due be to appears absorb to

discussed in terms charge compensation by opposing fluxes of counter and co-ions, and counter of fluxes opposing by compensation charge terms in discussed divalent anion (C anion divalent of cycle redox steady-state the in observed was increase mass no solution, aqueous Fund University of New York through its Interdisciplinary Research and Creative Activities State The Buffalo, at University the by supported was work This Acknowledgment, and nonpermselectivebehaviorontheexperientialtimescale. ClO to in divalent anion aqueoussolutions of CO The electrochemical behavior and mass transport of polypyrrole films were investigated oeta rsoss s agr n iaet no sses (SO systems anion (ClO solutions anion monovalent divalent in larger is responses potential charge the charge-of waves cathodic and anodic between hysteresis process. during compensation The dominates transport cation solutions, aqueous anion divalent In of cations that enter the film during oxidation than leave it during film reduction film during it leave SO (for than oxidation during film the enter that cations of the first potential cycle than enters in steady state one. The other is the greater amount two factors. One is the larger amount of water that enters the film during oxidation in reflects species mobile the of masses molar apparent The cycles. subsequent in than solutions the total film mass increase at the end of the first redox cycle is much larger Stanley Bruckenstein Redoxswitchinginpolypyrrole filmsimmersedin . 4 4 - EC rsls r gvn o te rt n te taysae eo cycles. redox steady-state the and first the for given are results EQCM . 2- and C and 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th 1 Chemistry Department,StateUniversityatBuffalo,NY14260 2 Department Chemistry, UniversityofLeicesterLEI7RH,England 3 Institute ofChemistry, Gostatuto9,Vilnius LT-01108, Lithuania 2 O 2 O 4 2- 4 systems). With the exception of redox cycling in 0.1M Na 0.1M in cycling redox of Withsystems). exception the 2- , HPO , divalent anionsolutions 1 *, 4 Jinhua Chen 2- and CO and *chemstan@buffalo,edu 4 - ). In both monovalent and divalent anion aqueous anion divalent and monovalent both In ). 3 2- ) aqueous solutions. These are results are results are These solutions. aqueous ) 1 , 3 A.R. Hillman 2-, C 2 O 4 2- , HPO 2 and 4 2-

and SO Irena Jureviciute 4 2- C , 4 2 2- O andcompared 4 2- ) hn in than …) 3 2 SO 4 S2·P-11

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-12 aeil, uh s od ad a be fud o e go eetoaayt o the for electrocatalyst good a be to found electro-reduction of H been has and gold, as such materials, be can molecules peroxide transported. PB has been successfully hydrogen adsorbed onto the surfaces and of various electrode oxygen which through structure crystal activity oftheresultingfilms inneutralaqueousmedium. electrocatalytic the FT-IR)on EDX, results preliminary present techniques. we Also, (SEM, spectroscopical (amperometry,and electrochemical voltammetry) with made PAMAM of generations dendrimers different(2.0, 3.0 and 4.0) and PB films. with The characterization of these electrodes is electrodes gold naked and electrodes gold modified covalent of performance the between comparison a make we work, this In selectivity ofspecific electrochemicalreactions[3]. and sensitivity the improving thus PB, as such mediator a can concentrate and interface stabilize electrode-solution the of nature hydrophobic the enhancing cavities, defined well provide that these micelles covalent resemble under dendrimers electrode Since gold conditions. bare a on forms PAMAMfilm by PB tethered no PB 4.0, generation with dendrimer, obtained was values pH neutral at stability good While, conditions. acidic under prepared are which electrodes, gold PB-modified to compared coverage surface improved with PB of films support to found been have 3.5) and 4.0 (generation dendrimers (PAMAM) poly(amidoamine) with modified [1] A. A. Karyakin, E. A. Puganova, I. A. Budashov, I. N. Kurochkin, E. E. Karyakina, REFERENCE. Hydrogen peroxide (H [3] E.Bustos,J.Manríquez,G. Orozco,L. A. Godínez,Langmuir21(2005) 3013. –Y.H. Xia, Mater.(2003) H. Chem. 15 X. Chen, Wang, K. Sun, Zhang, C. D. D. [2] (PB, Fe (PB, Blue Prussian [1]. complications pathophysiological disease-related of valuable progression most the is compound the in factors risk major the of one as recognized stress, oxidative for marker clinical This industry. of branches various and control, Amperometric detecionof H V. A. Levchenko, V. N. Matveyenko, S. D. Varfolomeyev,V.D. (2004) S. V.76 Levchenko, Matveyenko, Chem. A. N. Anal. 4163. 475. electrodes, usingdifferent generationofstarburst Electroquímica, S.C.,P.O. Box064,C.P. 76700,Pedro Escobedo,Querétaro, México. Electrochemistsry Department,Centro deInvestigaciónyDesarrollo Tecnológico en 4 [Fe(CN) 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th pamam dendrimersandprussianblue 6 ] 3 •14H 2 2 O O 2 2 Erika Bustosand 2 O) on the other hand is an inorganic complex with a roomy a with complex inorganic an is hand other the on O) under acidic (pH < 5) conditions [2]. Electrodes covalently ) is a useful compound for modern medicine, environmental * [email protected] Luis A. Godínez 2 O 2 withcovalentmodified * ouin va lcrlss t d te nlss y ae msin pcrmty The spectrometry. emission flame were emission flame and voltammetry stripping techniques, both on obtained results by analysis the do to electrolysis, via solution, 4 3 2 1 References compared. Detectionlimits,sensitivityandreproducibilitywerestudied. Cs the hand, other the On at theelectrode. Cs Al of Electrodeposits the composites. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) showed the presence of of morphology and composition the revealed scanning analyses (SEM) and microscopy (DRX) electron diffraction X-ray used. media electrolytic the and pH the on electroactive the of forms molecule was studied by cyclic voltammetry. various The electrochemical behavior the depended of behavior electrochemical The lower). or Mater. l o te rvosy rcnetae mtl o, n te apyn stripping applying then be followed in another and media to protect the ion, highly reactive cesium, once it metal was reduced preconcentrated could procedure, voltammetry.preconcentration the to thanks analysis, stripping The previously the on film mercury a of generation the following developed was detection electrochemical The ion, indicatinganefficient preconcentration. cesium preconcentrate to employed were electrodeposits of metal-hexacyanoferrate alone, on glassy carbon, Cu or Pt electrodes Nichi, A.; Malek,B.;Ghanadi,M.;Khanchi, A. JRadionanal.andNuclearChem. Carrero,H.;León,L.E.Electrochem. Chu,S.-Z.; Wada, K.;Inoue,S.; Todoroki, S.-i.; Takahashi, Y. K.;Hono,K.Chem. Kamada,K.;Mukai,M.andMatsumoto, Y. J.Mater. Sci. 2003 Laboratorio deElectroanálisis. Departamento deQuímica.UniversidadSimónBolívar. Apdo. + attach to the composite films, when it was placed in solutions containing the metal Preconcentration anddetection ofcesiumonmetal- , 258,3,457-462. 2002, 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th hexacyanoferrate modifiedelectrodes Luis Delgado, 14, 4595 - Postal 80659/Caracas1080-A/Venezuela. 2 4602 O + attached to the film was transferred to another convenient another to transferred was film the to attached 3 *E-mail Address: [email protected] Ni-Al , Hermes Carrero 2 O 3 Cu-Al , Commun. 4 from low concentration solutions (0.1mM solutions concentration low from *, and 2 O 2001 3 1 Lenys Fernández , 2 n hexacyanoferrate and , 3,417-420. 2004 , 39,5779-5784. 3 or , S2·P-13

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-14 non-conventional electrolytic media, the bicontinuous microemulsion bicontinuous the media, electrolytic non-conventional agent was electrolyzed in a N a in electrolyzed was agent cyclic voltammetry. When the microemulsion containing the protein and the reducing The (17,5:35:12,5:35). electrochemical behavior of both, the titanium citrate and the vitamin, was studied by (CTAB)/pentanol/tetradecane/water bromide ammonium cetyltrimethyl- of %) (wt. mixture a citrate. was titanium(IV) microemulsion the The starting The electrodes. produce to treated then platinum and HCl with stabilized was or chloride, titanium(IV) material, electrochemical carbon glassy by on obtained citrate was Ti(IV) of microemulsion reduction the in citrate titanium(III) The organohalides. by the action of titanium(III) in such media, was used to detoxify (dechlorinate) some reactions, even without the supporting electrolyte. The superreduced vitamin, prepared electrochemical of development the allows that level a to increased is solution the of When the water (and the oil) in the mixture form a continuous phase, the conductivity component. each of amount appropriate the using by bicontinuous made is alcohol, an usually cosurfactant, a by stabilized surfactant/oil/water, of mixture a emulsion, 3 2 1 to agent reducing as titanium(III) of B effectiveness vitamin the the transform of study a is report This 4 its superreduced form, B form, superreduced its to cyanocobalamin the of transformation the indicating disappeared, protein the of rdcs f h dclrnto poes wie C ih lcrn atr detection capture electron with allowed todetectandquantifytheremainingorganohalide whenitwasstillpresent. GC while process, the dechlorination determine the to of allowed products analyses GC/MS studies. chromatographic the on, later prepared to conveniently obtain an organic phase columns free from water an silica surfactant were used Packed to permit, color. red the regenerated etc. dichloroethane, Rusling, J. F. Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Catalysis in Microemulsions. in Catalysis Electrochemical and Electrochemistry F. J. Rusling, R. Eldik, van and G.; Stochel, M.; Wolak, Ruppe, S.; Neumann, A.; Diekert, G. and Vetter, W.

Carrero, H.; Gao, J.; Rusling, J.; Lee, C.-W.;Fry,A. Lee, J.; Rusling, J.; Gao, H.; Carrero, Laboratorio deElectroanálisis.DepartamentoQuímica.UniversidadSimónBolívar Modern Aspects ofElectrochemistry 1351. 3063-3067. 503-512. Dechlorination oforganohalidesbysuperreduced cyanocobalamin inbicontinuousmicroemulsion 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Lorean Madriz, containing titanium(III)citrate Postal 80659/Caracas1080-A/ Venezuela. 12 12s caooaai) o t spreue form superreduced its to (cyanocobalamin) . The addition of organohalides such as benzyl chloride, benzyl as such organohalides of addition The . *E-mail Address: [email protected] 2 purged and blanketed cell, the characteristic red color red characteristic the cell, blanketed and purged Hermes Carrero 1994 , 26,40-104. * and .A. hm Soc. Chem. Am. J. Environ. Sci. Technol Lenys Fernández Electrochim. Acta Electrochim.

15 1334- 125, 2003, 3 , 4 1 . The micro- The . , 2 B , .

, 45, 1999, 2004, 38, . Apdo. 12s i a in , lcrplmrzto hs en rpsd Te poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/ The proposed. for mechanism been a has results, CV electropolymerization and UV-vis the on Based electrodes. film-modified modified electrode was alsousedforthe simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid estimated through the chronoamperometric and rotating disk electrode methods. This also was acid ascorbic of coefficient diffusion the and out carried was acid ascorbic of oxidation electrocatalytic The film. PEDOT the with ferricyanide of presence the of ferricyanide ions on the PEDOT film. The UV-vis absorption results too confirmed chronoamperometric and voltammetric techniques. The cyclic EQCM technique was namely used to study methods the mechanism of potentiodynamic the incorporation and dopamine. ferricyanide analytes above successfully. the of signals voltammetric the resolved electrode DDAB/GC The acid. ascorbic and dopamine of mechanism reaction redox the study to applied was the DDAB/GC modified electrodes. The RRDE (rotating ring disk electrode) method at acid ascorbic Well-separatedand dopamine for observed were peaks voltammetric pH=6.5. of solution buffer phosphate in electrode DDAB/GC-modified the of means and square wave voltammetry were used for the measurement of neurotransmitters by (CV) voltammetry cyclic the Both one. negatively-charged a as acid) AA(ascorbic epinephrine) existed as the positively-charged species in the neutral solution whereas and norepinephrine, (dopamine, neurotransmitters and charge positive the has film DDAB-modified The acid. ascorbic and neurotransmitters of combinations various of measurement simultaneous for developed was electrode film-modified bromide (DDAB) didodecyldimethylammonium surfactant a using method voltammetric A f sobc cd A) w (AA) acid ascorbic of oxidations electrochemical monomer.The of ring indole of oxidation the confirmed molecules within the PEDOT polymer film. The UV-vis spectroelectrochemical results PEDOT-modifiedthe results on electrode polymelatonin was EQCM of due to currents the peak The hytrophobically polymer entrapment the of in electrodes. the monomer enhancement Au/PEDOT-modifiedthat confirmed and Au the growth polymer on the study mechanism cyclic to used through was method solution EQCM acidic The method. aqueous voltammetry the from electrodes modified thiophene) Simultaneous Voltammetric Detection ofDopamineand Ascorbic Acid UsingFilm-ModifiedElectrodes

57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th (PEDOT/FCN) ﬁlm was synthesized by a potentiostatic and also using also and potentiostatic a by synthesized was ﬁlm (PEDOT/FCN) h eetohmcl ytei o polyme of synthesis electrochemical The

Shen-Ming Chen No. 1,section3,Chung-HsiaoEastRoad,Taipei Department ofChemicalEngineering National Taipei UniversityofTechnology efre o te C n GC/PDEOT/polymelatonin and GC the on performed as [email protected] , V. S. Vasantha and andBiotechnology Wen-Yan Chzo EDOT(3,4-Ethylenedioxy r 106,Taiwan ,

S2·P-15

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-16 studies andtheirexperimentalapplicationtohumansweat. measurements with a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) at a potential of chronoamperometric by detected be also may but substrate, chromogenic a solution. is TMB stop acidic an by followed (TMB) dihydrochloride tetramethylbenzidine horse-radish to peroxidase. conjugated The sIgA unbound conjugate anti-human can then with be detected samples with the addition patch of 3,3’,5,5’- sweat incubating of approach indirect an uses method proposed The patches detection. sweat electrochemical with ﬂuoride polyvinylidene with use for system ELISA an develop and adapt to is study present the of purpose The (ELISA). assay immunosorbant linked the with normal activities. and The principle non-invasive technique for sIgA is analysis has interfering been it without the timescales of enzyme- range wide a because over occur can analysis and sampling advantageous is sweat in sIgA of monitoring The blood. whole and serum saliva, used predominately has sIgA of Measurement in developingsuitablesitumonitoringprocedures. sIgA to physiological and for psychological purposes. Increased knowledge of the response of medical, for tool diagnostic a as used widely is immunoglobulin A(sIgA) Secretory A Disposable Amperometric Sensor for the Measurement before or after adding the stop solution. This paper describes the results of these of results the describes paper This solution. stop the adding after or before CRAMSS, Facultyof Applied Sciences,UniversityoftheWest ofEngland,Bristol,UK. physiological and of Secretory Immunoglobulin A inSweat 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th psychological stimulation has resulted in increased interest A. Crew *[email protected] andJ.P. Hart* +0.05V Te(IV) + 2Te + Te(IV) electrolyte. in of cadmiumions carryis concentration different out (7), at reaction of realization and ofanelectrode formed surface Te(0), ona and CdTe of contribution by whichdetermined is maximumscurrents, ofanodic change ratio of analysis The

(4). reaction to compound according CdTe of formation to results withtellurides-ions cathions complex of cadmium Interaction trolyte, the participation of surface-active substances in this processes. inthis substances surface-active of theparticipation trolyte, elec- of the composition of an byelectrode, nature the defined is layer the electrode at donors proton of quantity The out. iscarried electron of withtransfer anion of duction re- onlyand electrochemical then anionexecuted is to proton a of ofconnection tion reac- chemical previous Thus inelectrolyte. donors ofprotons presence onlyat proceed The second - to electroreduction of tellurium anions on reaction: onreaction: anions oftellurium electroreduction - to second The are observed in the processes of electroreduction ofTeO ofelectroreduction processes inthe observed are V -1,1 and V -0,95 to close potentials at ofcurrent the maximum two Faraday The electrolytes. buffer ammonia-chloride films CdTe in electrodeposited ofoxidation analysis curves voltammogram ofthe basis onthe compound proposed is CdTe of offormation mechanism work the Inthis as such for example, of anions, participation with reactions Electrochemical Te(0) + O + 6 Te(0) HTeO tial sweep reversal. It is established that anodic maximum at maximumat anodic that isestablished It reversal. sweep tial V poten- onthe 0,13 + and V - 0,1 at current maximumsof two anodic observed is It π anions from ammonia-chloride buffer electrolytes with bufferelectrolytes from ammonia-chloride anions CdTe – – 2e CdTe (5): withreaction reaction: on ions cadmium of electroreduction to sponds ELECTRODEPOSITED C = 0,4 and ionic force force ionic and 0,4 = Studies ofoxidationbehaviorselectrodeposited cdte ﬁlms onglasscarbonelectrode inammonia-chloride D.V.Sokolsky Institute of Organical Catalysis and Electrochemical MES RK MES Electrochemical and Catalysis Organical of Institute D.V.Sokolsky BON ELECTRODE IN AMMONIA-CHLORIDE The anodic maximum at anodic The   D.V.Sokolsky InstituteofOrganical CatalysisandElectrochemical MESRK d(NH d(NH STUDIES OF OXIDATION BEHAVIORS OF 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th TeO 3 3 3 3 - + + 6e ) ) -2 4 4 M.B.Dergacheva + + 6e +2 +2 142, Kunaev str, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan. 050010, str,Almaty Kunaev 142, -

+ + NH 4 + + Te 2e + M.B.Dergacheva*, µ  2- = 2,0 on glasscarbon electrode. The first maximum corre- maximum first The electrode. glasscarbon on 2,0 = 142, Kunaevstr, Almaty 050010,Kazakhstan. - + + 3 H - -4e 3Te(0) (7) (7) 3Te(0)  - +3H - -2

3 ELECTROLYTES =

- - ↔ [email protected] ↔

 ↔ 2 [email protected] 2 O O Cd(0) + 4NH Cd(0) O O  ↔

TeO electrolytes = +0,13 V is answered with reaction (6): (6): withreaction isanswered V +0,13 =  CdTe + NH + 4 CdTe ↔ ↔ d(NH * Te HTe , 3

V. N.Statsuk,L. A. Fogel -2 V.N.Statsuk, L.A.Fogel L.A.Fogel V.N.Statsuk, D + H + 3 -2 3 T

) + 6OH + 4 - + 6OH + +2 E + Te(0) (5) + Te(0) FILMS ON GLASSCAR- 3 (1) 2 O (6) (6) O 3 (4) (4) - - - -  3

-2 =8,4 =8,4 (HTeO  = - 0,1 V is answered answered is V - 0,1 = ÷ buffer 10,0, capacity 3 ( (3) (3) -

) and Cd(NH and ) 2

) or )

TeO 3 ) 4 3 -2 2-

S2·P-17

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-18 for investigation of electrochemical behavior of Se(IV) ions in supporting electrolyte electrolyte Na 0,45M supporting in ions Se(IV) of behavior electrochemical of investigation for Se(0) from electrode surface. surface. from electrode Se(0) of nano nano of modified outon carried have (2) been and (1) reactions that was It confirmed Se(0) + 2e + Se(0) (2). onreaction ions selenide HSeO (1) reaction to relates (Ag/AgCl) (1980),.869-873 127, B.Miller.J.Electrochem.Soc. M.S.Kazacos, /1/ Reference the electrodes surface. The glass-carbon electrode modified bynano- modified electrode glass-carbon The surface. electrodes the and had more high current then on usual carbon electrode and corresponded corresponded and electrode carbon usual on + 3 H Se(0) then current high reaction(5) more sharp more was had +1,2V) (E= Se(0) and oxidation of current peak that also showed was It h scn pa cret E ( current peak second The prepare the electrode surface with rise sensitive to Se (IV)-ions. The preservation of of preservation of The (IV)-ions. nanoparticle Se to sensitive rise with surface electrode the prepare

HSeO /1/. data on (4) reaction to corresponded which electrode carbon usual on peak single than sharper was peak This Se(0) + e + Se(0) maximum on the cathode voltamogramms. The first wave beginning fromE wavebeginning first The voltamogramms. cathode onthe maximum current two receive to allowed is This ions. Se(IV) of adsorption to activity high a had microprobe analyses. The nanoparticle of nanoparticle The analyses. microprobe and microscopy electron scanning diffraction, X-ray by made was “carbon-sitall” and “glass-carbon-2000” material for morphology surface electrode of investigation The double by washing repeated after water. distilled surface electrode from delete not did nanoparticle GLASS CARBONELECTRODE MODIFIED BY NANO- h petetet f ls-abn lcrd by electrode glass-carbon of pre-treatment The ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOUR OF Se (IV) ON Electrochemical behaviour ofse(iv)onglasscarbon D.V.Sokolsky Institute of Organical Catalysis and Electrochemical MES RK MES Electrochemical and Catalysis Organical of Institute D.V.Sokolsky ϒ 2 -Al SO M.B.Dergacheva M.B.Dergacheva*, D.V.Sokolsky InstituteofOrganical CatalysisandElectrochemical MESRK 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th 2 4 O + 0,05M H 0,05M + 3 ϒ electrode modiﬁedbynano- γal -Al glass-carbon electrode with using analysis of oxidation current of of current oxidation of analysis using with electrode glass-carbon 142, Kunaev str, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan. 050010, str,Almaty Kunaev 142, 2 O - 3 142, Kunaevstr, Almaty 050010,Kazakhstan. 3 - - - 3 is observed on the surface of glass-carbon electrode. This This electrode. glass-carbon of surface the on observed is 2

+ + 4e SO + + H 7 - * + H - ,

V.V. Chajkin V.V.Chajkin, N.V.Pen’kova, L.A.Komashko L.A.Komashko N.V.Pen’kova, V.V.Chajkin, 2 [email protected] 4 = -0,55V) corresponded to reduction of selenium to to selenium of reduction to corresponded -0,55V) = (pH=1,6) after removal of molecular O molecular of removal after (pH=1,6) ↔ - - 2 [email protected] + + 5H + O - 4e O +

Se + 6 e 6 + ↔ + + γ γ γ γ HSe -2 Al -

- (2) → ↔ → ϒ ,

N.V. Pen’kova, 2

HSeO -Al O

-1

(3) (3) H 3 3 2 O Se(0) + 3 H + 3 Se(0) 2 Se + 3 H 3 + Se 3 with size (5-20) nm was found on found was nm (5-20) size with ϒ - 3 -Al + H + 5

2 O

2 L. O (4) (4) O 2 3 O (1) (1) O odr oih ed to leads polish powder A. + (5) Komashko 2 o 3 ϒ -Al 2 . This electrode electrode This . 2 O 1 = +0,075V +0,075V = 3 3 was used used was [2]. H.C. dos Santos, M.G.A. Korn, & S.L.C. Ferreira, Ferreira, S.L.C. & Korn, M.G.A. Santos, dos H.C. [2]. [1]. A. Bobrowski, K. Nowak, & J. Zarebski, Zarebski, & J. Nowak, A.Bobrowski, K. [1]. r lna i te ag o 032. ad .-00 g ml ng 0.1-30.0 and 0.3-24.0 of range the in linear are differential pulse mode with 25 mVs 25 with mode pulse differential electrode, followed by reduction of the adsorbed species using differential pulse pulse differential using species 8.0 adsorbed the V, -0.10 at period adsorption of s 60 a include conditions Optimized method. voltammetry on reduction by based followed molybdenum electrode, simultaneous and drop mercury hanging a the onto (CCR) R vanadium cyanine chromoxane with for Mo(VI) and/or V(V) the of of presented accumulation Adsorptive amounts is (AdCSV). voltammetry stripping procedure trace cathodic adsorptive new ultra A of water. determination fresh in lower even

for the determination of vanadium and molybdenum in river water, tap water, well well water, tap water, river in tea. metals and carrot, tomato, cucumber, such molybdenum as foodstuff plant water, and vanadium of determination the for ml ng 0.04 and 0.06 respectively. The relative standard deviation for 10 replicates determination of 4.0 ng ml 4.0 of determination replicates 10 for deviation standard relative The respectively. pollution originating from fossil fuel combustion. The background vanadium and and of vanadium order the background in is The water of natural combustion. extent in concentration the fuel molybdenum assess fossil to from used is originating vanadium pollution of concentration The industry, plants. directly be by may and adsorbed glass groundwater and rain by drained soil alloys, processes, the on industrial precipitated various are from and resistant also and fuels fossil temperature burning by mainly quantities, steels, large in released compounds Vanadium special catalyst. and paints pigments, of manufacture of production including process industrial the in used is Vanadium [2]. nitrogen molecular and redox nitrates catalyze of reduction which and [1], purines enzymes other and xanthine ofaldehydes, of oxidation e.g. constituent reactions, essential an is molybdenum systems, essential are biological In They concentrations. high at toxic are properties. and concentrations low at physiological elements trace dual have molybdenum and Vanadium ml 79. 79. AMOUNTS OF VANADIUM AND MOLYBDENUM IN -1 -1 FOODSTUFF ANDMETALS USING ADSORPTIVE V(V) and Mo(VI) were 1.8 and 1.1%, respectively. The proposed method applied applied method proposed The respectively. 1.1%, and 1.8 were Mo(VI) and V(V) to down lowered be can which respectively Mo(VI), and V(V) for achieved were � SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF TRACE o CR n . M ctt bfe, H ., n a otmerc cn using scan voltammetric a and 3.6, pH buffer, acetate M 0.1 in CCR of M Simultaneous Determinationof Trace Amounts of College of Chemistry, Isfahan Universityof Technology,Isfahan Chemistry, Isfahan of Iran College 84156, METALS Using Adsorptive CathodicStripping Vanadium andMolybdenuminFoodstuff AND CATHODIC STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY College ofChemistry, IsfahanUniversityofTechnology, Isfahan84156,Iran 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Ali, A. Ensafi A. Ali, Ali, A. Ensaﬁ -1 by extending the adsorption time to 180 s. The reduction currents currents reduction The s. 180 to time adsorption the extending by *, T. Khayamian, Shokooh S. Khaloo Khaloo ShokoohS. Khayamian, T. *, e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: *, e-mail: Ensaﬁ@cc.iut.ac.ir Voltammetry T. Khayamian, -1 scan rate. Detection limits of 0.1 and 0.08 ng 0.08 and 0.1 of limits Detection rate. scan

Anal. Chim. Acta Chim. Anal. Shokooh S.Khaloo Anal. Chim. Acta Chim. Anal. -1 for V(V) and Mo(VI), Mo(VI), and V(V) for , , 543 � l g (2005) 150. 150. (2005) -1 and this can be be can this and , , 426

, (2001) , S2·P-19

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-20 [2] S.Sayen, A. Walcarius, [1] A. Walcarius, D. Mandler, J.A. Cox, M. Collinson, O. Lev,O. Collinson, M. Cox, J.A. Mandler,Walcarius, D. A. [1] of theapparentelectrontransferrateconstant[4]. modification to related be can that signal feedback the in variation important observe Scanning the and characterize displaying various charges and sizes. The high sensitivity of the SECM probes to allows then to molecular using mode (CV) feedback involved the in used been has been SECM Voltammetryfilms. different have Cyclic (SECM), Microscopy methods, ElectroChemical electrochemical Finally been has given totheinfluence ofelectrolysistimeonthefilm characteristics. attention particular A (AFM). Microscopy Force Atomic with measured as thicknesses film to correlated been has information This electrodeposition. during Microbalance (EQCM) allowed the monitoring to of mass involved changes at been the electrode have permeability.and morphology growth, surface Quartz films Electrochemical the characterize techniques physico-chemical several study, present the In adherent thiol-functionalizedsilicathinfilms onthegoldsurface. well- to led This [3]. precursors the of co-condensation the induce to and interface electrode/solution the at locally pH increase to potential cathodic a of application the propyltrimethoxysilane (but the method has been extended to other organosilane); (3) mercapto e.g., and, tetraethoxysilane precursors: hydrolyzed the containing sol silica a in electrode pretreated the of transfer the (2) gold; on aptopropyltrimethoxysilane merc of SAM a of formation the (1) followed: as occurs formation film practice, In sol-gel processandtheelectrochemically-induceddepositionmethod. The [2]. technology,(SAM) monolayers self-assembled the combines procedure synthetic the gold on films silica thiol-functionalized of generation electro-assisted for solid electrode surfaces. In this respect, our group has developed an original approach electrode can be achieved, for example, by the deposition of silica-based thin films requires on electrochemistry modified chemically in a Such material. electrode an with contact materials intimate an however silica-based insulating of implication The groups thatcanbechemicallyattachedtothesilicabackbone. organic of reactivity specific the and level) mesoscopic the at organization possible area, surface specific porosity,high (high materials silica of properties attractive the from the electrochemistry community during these last years [1]. Indeed, they combine attention considerable attracted have organic-inorganicmaterials Hybrid silica-based [3] R.Shacham,D. Avnir, D.Mandler, Adv. Mater. [4] F. Forouzan, A.J. Bard,M.V. Mirkin,Isr. J.Chem. Characterization ofelectrodeposited organo-silicathin UMR 7564–CNRSUniversitéHenriPoincaréNancy1;405,ruedeV 3663 (2005). Laboratoire deChimiePhysiqueetMicrobiologie pourl’environnement (LCPME), films byscanningelectrochemical microscopy 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th E. Sibottier, Electrochem. Commun. M. Etienne *[email protected] Villers-lès-Nancy, France *, F. Gaboriaud, , 11 , 5 , 341(2003). , 37,155(1997). , 384(1999). A. Walcarius J. Mater.J. Chem. andoeuvre –54600 , 15 , facilities and AE thankstheLibyanHigher EducationDepartmentforastudentship. XPS to access for laboratory Daresbury CCLRC the thank We Acknowledgments: binding competitive in ions experiments. metal between metal: selectivity manipulations), and stoichiometry, electrochemical ligand various (following speciation metal together metal(s), with surface-bound of presence the of evidence unequivocal provide metal ion sensor The useful in potentially metals. the a nanomolar differentprovides to sensitivity micromolar for range. QCM Supporting and XPS varies selectivity measurements SAM cycling of combination redox during surface the on retained are metal-free background electrolyte. Interestingly, the extent to which the metal species voltammetric responses of electrodes exposed to metal ion solution and transferred to of integration by coulometrically evaluated also was uptake ion metal of extent The binding experimentsusingmixedmetalionsolutions. voltammetric cyclic measurements of[Fe(CN) via assessed were films SAM the of integrity and quality The response can be interpreted in purely gravimetric terms using the Sauerbrey equation. frequency the thin, extremely are films the since immobilisation; ligand of extent the determine to used were emersed, and immersed both electrodes, modified and bare meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). Measurements of resonant frequency for electrodes on 10 MHz AT-cut piezoelectric quartz crystal resonators were of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) modified films functionalised with chelating groups. with Gold electrochemical and wave acoustic sensor combined for detection of trace metal ions a from aqueous solution, based on the formation of development the describe We aa Slciiy o dfeet ea in ws sesd y oprn te binding the comparing by assessed constants derived was from the isotherms for ions single metal ion solutions metal and by competitive different for Selectivity data. experimental the fitted best isotherm Frumkin the interactions; site-site of presence based on different physical models. The failure of the Langmuir isotherm indicates the isotherms - Langmuir, Temkin, Freundlich, Frumkin, El-Awady and Flory-Huggins – of range a using evaluated was concentration solution with concentration surface of via explored parallel were sets of measurements under immersed and emersed conditions. The variation solvation and solvent with associated Factors concentration. of of metal complexation was determined (via the QCM frequency change) as a function their of basis the on environmental relevance. The Initially, selected single metal ions. ion solutions were were used and the metal extent Cu(II), and the Cd(II) complex Pb(II), to species, metal ligand target surface-bound the order of in ability ions the metal assess of to solutions to exposed were electrodes SAM-functionalised Abdunasser M.Etorki Quartz crystalmicrobalance determinationoftrace a b Department ofChemistry, UniversityofLeicester, LeicesterLE17RH,UK DepartmentofElectronics, GlasgowUniversity, Glasgow, G128LT, UK 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th a , A. RobertHillman 6 ] 3-/4- redoxchemistry. * Email:[email protected] metal ions a* , KarlS.Ryder a and Andrew Glidle b S2·P-21

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-22 dccó y ini (A20-74) r gaeul akolde. zc co- of Sports Czech and (MSM0021627502). Republic Czech the Youth Education, acknowledged. of Ministry the gratefully from support for are grateful are authors (MAT2003-07440) Ciencia y Educación Acknowledgements. 1341 17, Electroanalysis, J.(2005) Wang, [1] traditional by to alternative prepared be can promising electrode film bismuth The mercury. controversial on a based electrodes representing thus stripping attractive performance, an offer voltammetric [1] recently intruduced (BiFEs) electrodes film Bismuth 1 spectroscopic signal. spectroscopic and electrochemical the from that obtained is shown process have coating the results on The information GCE. different the electrode on seconds the 60 during on deposited film metal bismuth the of a of potential with reduction changes reflectance the and current the show below the Figures surface. with in Changes concomitantly spectroelectrochemistry. occur of aid reflectance the with studied are GCEs onto of electrodissolution bismuth the and electrodeposition the the both for of processes support the work, this used In widely most the been have films. bismuth configuration disc the in (GCEs) electrodes carbon glassy and performance stripping resultant the in role major a plays deposits bismuth the of control The required. measurement analytical the on depending Eva Tesarova Eva Palmero in-situ Eva Tesarova Spectroelectrochemical studyonthedepositionof Emma Muñoz Emma Spectroelectrochemical study onthedeposition a of bismuthof films onto glassy carbon electrodes or or Departament of Chemistry, Universidad de Burgos, E-09001 Burgos, Spain. Spain. Chemistry, Universidad Burgos, E-09001 Burgos, de of Departament a bismuth ﬁlms ontoglassycarbonelectrodesbismuth ﬁlms Departament ofChemistry, UniversidaddeBurgos, E-09001Burgos, Spain. b a , Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemicalTechnology, of AnalyticalChemistry, of Faculty Department b 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Emma Muñoz Department of Analytical Chemistry, FacultyofChemicalTechnology, ex-situ b University of Pardubice, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, CZ-532 Pardubice, Czech UniversityRepublic 10 of , Álvaro Colina Álvaro , University ofPardubice, CZ-53210Pardubice, CzechRepublic b , lcrpaig f ti lyr f imt ot a oi electrode, solid a onto bismuth of layer thin a of electroplating Álvaro Colina a Junta de Castilla y León (BU011A05) and Ministerio de de Ministerio and (BU011A05) León y Castilla de Junta , Jesús López-Palacios Jesús , a , Jesús López-Palacios a , M.Aránzazu Heras M.Aránzazu , * E-mail: [email protected]: * * E-mail:[email protected] a , M. Aránzazu Heras

a *,Svancara Ivan a *, a , Virginia Ruiz Virginia , Ivan Svancara a , Virginia Ruiz b , Karel Vytras Karel , a , Susana Palmero Susana , b , Karel Vytras a , Susana b b

a , , h eetohmcl ehd o h aayi o guaae mn cmlx sample complex among glutamate matrices. of of analysis application the of to method possibility electrochemical the the out point obtained Results mechanism. reaction the elucidate to rates scan various at investigated been has potential the and pH the electrolyte, supporting the of effect The pulse. differential and wave square cyclic, namely, regarded, been glutamate have techniques of voltammetric Different electrode. behaviour gold a electrochemical at the of study detailed a reports work This of lowlevelseffluents. They provide simplicity.accurate and and precise results with rapidity consumption of of reagents and terms emissions in advantages major present ones electrochemical to difficult procedures with or perform sensitivity,in a high-throughput undesirable format. As an an alternative to previously either reported methods, with and drawbacks have biosensors, methods these general, enzyme In methods. chromatography These methods, liquid performance glutamate. high fluorometric of and determination the spectrophotometric for include reported been have methods Several measuring l-glutamateisofimportancetoclinicaldiagnosisandfoodindustries. in levels glutamate for monitor assay sensitive and simple a of development the fluids. Thus, biological to and food important is it purposes, safety food for and Thus, a nonessentialnutrientintermsofhumandietbecausethebodycanmanufactureit. for however used is foodstuffs.Glutamate of enhancer in flavour years a of as thousands Asia been has glutamate of salt monosodium the since procedure ancient an is salts, has been added to foods on behalf of its flavour enhancer properties. In fact, this Glutamic acid, Huntington’s as well Alzheimer’s, as their sodium, as potassium, calcium, magnesium such and and ammonium Chorea, and diseases, Amyotrophic lateralsclerosis. neurological certain of with pathology endogenous metabolism in the glutamate abnormalities in linking implicated evidences are been There has diseases. psychological it and brain, the in in human proteins. Glutamate is one of the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitters Glutamic acid, the 2-aminopentanedioic acid, is one of the twenty amino acids present REQUIMTE, GrupodeReacçãoe Análises Químicas,InstitutoSuperiordeEngenhariadoPorto, M. GoretiF. Sales*, Electrochemical behaviour ofglutamateatagold 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431,4200-072Porto,Portugal Cristina D.Matos, *[email protected] electrode Fátima Barrosoand Cláudia Martins S2·P-23

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-24 [5] P.N. Bartlett, K.F.E. Pratt, J. Electroanlyt. Chem., 397 (1995) 53 (1995) 397 Chem., Electroanlyt. J. Pratt, K.F.E. Bartlett, [5]P.N. 399 (2006) 78 Chemistry, Analytical L.I.Pietrasanta, Ludueña, S.J. Calvo, E.J. Forzani, E.S. Flexer, [4]V. 43 (2005) 6 ChemPhysChem, Wolosiuk, A.Calvo, E.J. 1800; (2005) 7 PCCP, A.Wolosiuk, Danilowicz, C.B. Calvo, [3]E.J. (1993)61. 397 Chem., Electroanalyt. J. Pratt, K.F.E. Bartlett, [2]P.N. 451 (1993) 8 Bioelectronics, and Biosensors Pratt, K.F.E. Bartlett, [1]P.N. and (GOx) oxidase glucose Os(byp) of composed multilayers enzyme organized Supramolecular available. are methodsdigitalsimulation for and [2] obtained been have cases limiting between selected for solutions interplay approximate closed However, solutions. no the analytical are form there which film, for equations the linear non within highly the in results entrapped kinetics with and both diffusion electrodes mediator redox enzyme the amperometric and reagentless enzyme integrated For their of [1]. optimisation and performance design the in useful be would of electrodes response enzyme the modelling amperometric sense this be In could calibration. biosensor device for amperometric need an the of without response predicted the that advantage great of be would It utlyr ad mesd n ouin of solutions in enzyme immersed by modified and electrodes multilayers Au of response amperometric the here, reported redox work In the the and determine variables. to theexperimental on dependence current catalytic employed been (anion) have chronopotentiometry and enzyme voltammetry layer cyclic Both the the of [4]. strength ionic control and pH solution fine adsorption of the adjusting by allows structure film and thickness method adsorption The [3]. layer-by-layer electrostatic (cation) polyelectrolyte alternate by built with digital simulation and selected cases in the respective kinetic case diagram [5]. [5]. diagram case kinetic respective casesinthe andselected simulation withdigital rm xeiet wt te Os(bpy) the with experiments from obtained were parameters kinetic the of values Initial profiles. layer concentration simulated the catalytic enzyme the of analysis of by validated also been change have by cases limiting the by in analysed approximations The thickness. instance is For derived, experiment. been the have of equations design analytical careful which for [2], diagram in cases case different the between transition The concentration. surface and coeficients diffusion the parameters, kinetic the of values ofselected for [2] by Pratt reported as simulation fromdigital results nature with compared the been have and data experimental films The PAH-Os). the or (GOx layer in topmost charge redox multilayer, osmium the concentration, of surface thickness enzyme ellipsometric concentration, glucose of function a as studied IN LAYER-BY-LAYER SELF-ASSEMBLED ENZYME AND 1 INQUIMAE. Dept. Qca Inorganica, Dept.Qca de Fisica yFCEN.Qca Universidad Analitica Aires INQUIMAE. Buenos 1 MODELLING AMPEROMETRIC ENZYME ELECTRODES 1 INQUIMAE.Dept.QcaInorganica, Analitica yQcaFisicaFCEN.UniversidaddeBuenos Aires 2 School of Chemistry, University of of Southampto University School ofChemistry, 2 2 SchoolofChemistry, UniversityofSouthamptonHighﬁeld, SouthamptonSO171BJ,UK 2 pyClCH layer-by-layer self-assembledenzymeandredox Ciudad Universitaria,Argentina [email protected] AiresBuenos Ciudad (1428), Modelling amperometric enzyme electrodes in 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th 2 NH-tethered to the backbone of poly(allyl-amine) (PAH-Os) have been been have (PAH-Os) poly(allyl-amine) of backbone the to NH-tethered REDOX POLYELECTROLYTES Ciudad Universitaria,Buenos Aires (1428), Argentina V. Flexer V. V. Flexer polyelectrolytes 1 1 , , E.J. Calvo E.J. , E.J. Calvo 2 pyClCOOH and glucose in solution by comparison comparison by solution in glucose and pyClCOOH β

Dguoe ne ptnil oto hs been has control potential under -D-glucose 1 1 andP.N. Bartlett and P.N. Bartlett P.N. and n Highfield, Southampton Highfield, 1BJ, UK SO17 2 2

to estimate their enzymatic activity – desulfurication. desulfurication. – activity enzymatic estimateto their sulfate reducting bacteria – – bacteria reducting sulfate – wasof SRB mixture bacteria Used cells. bacterial living – compound withbiological were covered electrodes electrodes.These graphite pencil and pyrolitic glassycarbon, used We electrodes. such construct to have tried We layers. biological modifiedby onelectrodes research the in interest anincreased is yearsthere few Inthelatest voltametry to determine the response of bacteia modified electrodes. modifiedelectrodes. of bacteia theresponse determine to voltametry thecyclic applied We anaerobicity. keep to maintenant was nitrogen atmosphere The aselectrolyte. at pH=7) solution buffer (phosphate PBS was used measurements For of nutrition. assource these for bacteria serve and isstrictlyanaerobous process This Electrochemical determination ofsrbenzymaticactivity Institute Institute ofofBiophysics, AcademyRe Sciences Czech ofthe ELECTROCHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF SRB Institute ofBiophysics, Academy ofSciencestheCzechRepublic,Královopolská135, An AFM picture of used SRB layer deposed on glassy carbon electrode electrode onglassycarbon deposed layer SRB ofused AFMpicture An 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th CZ-612 65Brno,CzechRepublic. Lukáš Fojt Lukáš Fojt* Lukáš ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY desulfovibrio 612 65 Brno, CzechBrno,Republic. 65 612 * , , Lud k Strašák, Vladimír Vetterl Vetterl Vladimír kStrašák, Lud , Luděk Strašák, e-mail: and and [email protected]

bacteia modiﬁed electrodes. desulfotomaculum Vladimír Vetterl

public, KrálovopolskáCZ- public, 135, in ratio 1:1. We tried tried We 1:1. in ratio

S2·P-25

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-26 flow rate of 0.034 ml/s. of0.034 rate flow 1 AR Hlmn i: . . ad n M Srtan E., nylpei of Encyclopaedia (Ed.), Stratmann M. and Bard J. A. in: Ch.2.7. 2003, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 3, vol. Electrochemistry, Hillman, A.R. [1] a as copper of dissolution and deposition the study content. the oxygen and composition electrolyte ofthe function to employed was device The 1 of mass deposition are proportional to the flow rate to the third indicating that an an that indicating third the to rate flow the valid. is Levichequation which for the fabricated has been cell flow EQCM to proportional are deposition mass of rate the and current limiting the that found been has It factor. sensitivity The experimental The controlled. performance. and cell the determine verify to mass laminar derived Faraday to the with compared was mass used was derived Sauerbrey was flow electrodes fluid gold onto the copper of which deposition through electrode QCM cell a a of in characterisation mounted and commissioning the with deals poster This defined with an employed been been yet has not In electrode. channel a flowin laminar has EQCM QCM However liquid. [1]. electrode electrochemical jet vibrating wall present the At the mass. hydrodynamics of defined with combined Faraday successfully mass the by verified with be additional can results comparison mass the although QCM derived gases Sauerbrey to in the system those electrochemical due to similar damped are when oscillations that strongly discovered quartz been the has liquids It sensor. in mass immersed piezeoeletric converse a is QCM A † . M H M 0.1 for the deposition of copper onto a a CuSO mM onto 10 a from copper electrode gold of deposition the for current The 1: Figure A QuartzCrystal Microbalance Operating underLaminar I / mA Tyne,UK Newcastle NE12 9TS, Whitley Technicalupon NewcastleRoad, P&G, Centre, -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 † P&G, NewcastleTechnical Centre, WhitleyRoad,NewcastleuponTyne, NE129TS,UK *School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantocks Bristol,UK Bristol, BS8 1TS, Close, of University *School of Chemistry, A QuartzCrystalMicrobalance Operatingunder 10-. 06-. 020.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 *School ofChemistry, UniversityofBristol,CantocksClose,BS81TS,UK E E / V ( 2 Clare M. Galvani M. Clare Clare M.Galvani SO vs. 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th 4 pseudo electrode)reference gold aqueous solution at a a at solution aqueous Laminar Flowfor Adsorption Studies [email protected] [email protected], [email protected] Flow forAdsorption Studies vs . voltage plot plot voltage . , AndrewGraydon , , Andrew Graydon 4 , ,

, , [email protected] † † , , D. Jason Riley*, Dave York Dave Riley*, Jason D. , D. JasonRiley*,Dave York H indicated flow rates at an applied applied electrode. reference an at V -0.9 of potential rates flow indicated Figure 2: The change in resonant resonant mMCuSO 10 froma gold onto in copper change of deposition the for frequency The 2: Figure ∆f / Hz 2 -14000 -12000 -10000 SO -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 via 0 4 04 06 08 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 qeu slto a the at solution aqueous the rotating disk electrode and and electrode disk rotating the 0.102 0.102 ml/s 0.085 ml/s 0.068 ml/s 0.051 ml/s 0.034 ml/s 0.017 ml/s vs t t / s

. the gold pseudo pseudo gold the . † † . . .

4 , 0.1 M 0.1 ,

the usergreaterconfidence intheresultoftheirpHmeasurements. set of guidelines on how the different errors can be reduced or eliminated thus giving a clear classification of the practical effects of temperature on pH. It provides a definite these errors, has never previously been reported. This paper presents for the first time eliminate or reduce correct, to actions remedial practical with pH on temperature of practical perspective. However a comprehensive classification of the principal effects a from adequately described been have others value, practical limited of been have thus and manner theoretical very a in presented been have these of Some or literature. described scientific been independent and have instructions manufacturers measurement instrument both pH in to alluded on temperature of effects the of Some The Effectsof Temperature onpHMeasurement 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th John J.Barron,Colin Ashton & Technical ServicesDepartment,Reagecon Alkem, Shannon Free Zone,Shannon,Co.Clare, Ireland *[email protected] LeoGeary, *

S2·P-27

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-28 nlss o civ hg qaiy H esrmns n rdcd niec o poor of incidence performance oftheirpHmeasurementsystem. reduced and measurements pH quality high achieve to analysts allow will paper this in given guidance the Adopting problems. these of occurrence the prevent to required steps maintenance and care correct the describes also paper the maintenance and care adequate through prevented be can faults common many As faults. electrode rectify and identify comprehensive, to used be unique, can which regime a follow to easy presents paper This literature. scientific the in been reported never has faults electrode common all diagnoses that regime straightforward complete, a but published been previously have faults electrode pH individual many leading to poor analytical results and inefficient use of analysts time. The diagnosis of consuming, time be can problems these of rectification and Diagnosis performance. electrode poor by caused problems measurement pH encounter frequently Analysts Care, MaintenanceandFault Diagnosisfor pH 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th John J.Barron,Colin Ashton & Technical ServicesDepartment,Reagecon Alkem, Shannon Free Zone,Shannon,Co.Clare, Ireland *[email protected] Electrodes LeoGeary, *, the pH of the electrolyte solution was varied in a relatively wide pH range (from 1 to to 1 E the (from 9), range pH wide relatively a in varied was solution electrolyte the of pH the when Additionally, graphite. on adsorbed are they when or mediators free for observed at different experimental conditions (pH and potential scan rates). A clear pH pH clear voltammetric A rates). cyclic scan potential Using and (pH E compared. the of conditions independence experimental and different at investigated studied was electrodes modified were these of behaviour electrochemical the measurements, paste [4], derivatives carbon adenine in entrapped two and ZP on adsorbed of (AMP), adenosine-5’-monophosphate and oxidation adenosine NADH toward activities electrocatalytic 1 A.J. Castañón, Lobo M.J. Pañeda, Montes A. Ortea, Chem., J. 502 Muñiz Blanco, Tuñon OrdieresElectroanal. (2001) 109. and P. Miranda P. Álvarez, Santos los de N. [4] Munteanu,I.(2003)Dicu,36 F. Anal.C. D. Lett., D. 1755. andL. Gorton, [3] Popescu I.Munteanu,D. C.F. D. Dicu, and L. Gorton, Electroanalysis,[2] (2003)383. Popescu 15 (2002) 371.andBiotechnol., E. 82 L.Domínguez, Gorton Molec. Rev. [1] References E their pH, neutral at evaluated from rotating disk electrode measurements, performed at different NADH NADH were different at process values. pH and concentrations performed oxidation measurements, electrode NADH disk rotating to from corresponding evaluated parameters kinetic the approach,

3 Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box University,124, of AnalyticalChemistry, SE-22100Lund, P.O. SWEDEN Lund Department modified adeninewith derivatives adsorbed onzirconium 1 3 Department ofPhysicalChemistry,”Babes-Bolyai” University, 400028Cluj-Napoca,ROMANIA Department of Analytical Chemistry, LundUniversity, P.O. Box124,SE-22100Lund,SWEDEN Continuing our previous work in this direction [2, 3], the electrochemical and and electrochemical the 3], [2, direction this in work previous our Continuing Immobilization of different mediators on zirconium phosphate (ZP) showed that, showed (ZP) phosphate zirconium on mediators different of Immobilization 2 1 NADH electro-oxidation on carbon paste electrodes NADH electro-oxidation on carbonpasteelectrodes Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, Arad, Vlaicu” of ChemicalSciences, and of University Department “Aurel Biological Department of Physical Chemistry,”Babes-Bolyai” University, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, ofPhysicalChemistry,”Babes-Bolyai”University, Department 2 Department ofChemicalandBiologicalSciences,“Aurel Vlaicu”Universityof Arad,

0' 0’ E / mV vs. Ag/AgCl/KCl modiﬁed withadeninederivativesadsorbedon

100 200 300 sat 400 values of the adsorbed mediator on ZP remained constant [1-3]. [1-3]. constant ZPremained on mediator oftheadsorbed values Delia Gligor Delia Gligor 10 8 6 4 2 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th pH 0’ 0’ aus hfe aoial i cmaio wt te E the with comparison in anodically shifted values 1 value was observed (see figure). Using the Koutecky-Levich Koutecky-Levich the Using figure). (see observed was value 1 , Florentina Munteanu Florentina , , Florentina Munteanu zirconium phosphate

310330 Arad, ROMANIA 310330 *[email protected] 310330 Arad, ROMANIA supportingelectrolyte, 0.1 M phosphate buffer. H eedne f h E’ aus o ZP-modified CPEs: for values E°’ the of dependence pH conditions: starting potential, -200 mV mV -200 potential, starting conditions: Ag|AgCl/KCl phosphate ROMANIA ROMANIA  dnsn; M. Experimental AMP. adenosine; sat 2 ptnil cn ae 5 m s mV 50 rate, scan potential ; 2 , L. Gorton , , L. Gorton

*3 *3 , , I. C. Popescu C. I. , I. C.Popescu 1 1 vs. -1 0’ ; values values

S2·P-29

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-30 CV of 9 mM dopamine (DA) on (DA) mM 9 dopamine CVof 1. Figure %), %), [9] [8] [7] [6] [5] 233–75. 2001.p. Press; Academic SanDiego: 10. vol. editor. HS, Nalwa [4] 1998;395:257. [3] [2] [1] REFERENCES (a) (b) (a) during the voltammetric analysis [9]. The effect of electrode composition on detection detection on composition electrode of effect examined will be acid ofascorbic presence in the oflimitsdopamine The [9]. analysis voltammetric the during dopamine with coated interferes fluid, brain in found polymer which (AA), acid Ascorbic of that known and is It reversibility %) 5.0 electrodes, group. itaconate, ofalkyl length with increasing increased electrodes %) P(NVCz-co-monoctyl 5.0 %), itaconate, 10.0 P(NVCz-co-monocetyl P(NVCz-co-NIPAAm of the in that seencase be can it electrodes, PNVCz modified these hydrophobically of peaks at cathodic (Figure peak (pH=7.0) and anodic cathodic of potentials peak buffer corresponding the between differences the a of comparison phosphate the From and 1.a,b,c). peak in anodic an dopamine showed of electrodes modified curves voltammetric cyclic The electrode. Pt on teraflouroborate

ee eoie b eetoxdto i CH in electrooxidation by properties hydrophobic deposited were and were ionic used electroactive, having MPEs films Polymer examined. IA). was of monoester pH=7 P(NVCZ-co- and at P(NVCz-co-IA) P(NVCz-co-NIPAAm), dopamine of electrooxidation by of prepared electroanalysis study, this In [8] detection dopamine for electrode chemosensor appropriate an not is there developed, been are that have methods neurotransmitters chemical Although functions. system nervous central of of variety a in involved class important an are dopamine including Catecholamines [6-7]. groups variousbyresearch studied been have copolymers their and (PNIPAAm) acrylamide) (N-isopropyl poly (PIA), acid) (itaconic poly (PNVCz), (N-vinylcarbazole) poly of behaviors electrochemical and properties solution synthesis, The sensor electrode. a as sensitivity and reversibility its improve and problem this solve to synthesized been have copolymers its so properties, mechanical poor have films (PNVCz) carbazole) poly(N-vinyl [5].Unfortunately, air in stability chemical high and surface electrode to attachment strong deposition, electrochemical analytes the in as homogeneities of sensitivities, selectivities, their detection of because the such in interest Electrodes(MPEs), extensive received have Polymer thiophene aniline, carbazole, Modified cells[3], [4]. photovoltaic [2], photoreceptors transistors organic electrophotographic [1], displays as such applications different in used be to known are properties forming film having materials, semiconductor Organic Electroanalysis Dopamine of using hydrophobically modified

I/µA -15 -10 10 15 F. Xu, M. Gao, L. Wang, G. Shi, W. Zhang, L. Yian, J. Jin,Talanta 2001, 55, 329. 329. 55, 2001, Jin,Talanta J. L.Yian, Zhang, W. Shi, L. Wang,G. Gao, M. Xu, F. 3727-3730(2004) 21 No. 6, Vol. Letters Organic 3771 (2003) 10, 147, Soc., Electrochem. J A.S.Saraç, Ö.Yavuz, E.Sezer, (1999). 2448 Phys.200, and Chem. Macromol. Akpınar,N.Uyanık, F.D C.Erbil, In: glasses. molecular and polymers Charge-transporting P. Strohriegl JV, Grazulevicius 2002;14:99. AdvMater PRL. Malenfant CD, Dimitrakopoulos 57:531. 1990; Lett ApplPhys S. Saito T, Tsutsui AdachiC, -5 0 5 04-, , , , 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 -0,2 -0,4 P.R. Roy, T. Okajima, T. Ohsaka, Biolectrochem. 59, 11(2003). 11(2003). 59, Biolectrochem. Ohsaka, T. Okajima, Roy, T. P.R. Ganstrom M, Petritsch K, Arias AC, Lux A, Andersson MR, Friend RH. Nature Nature RH. Friend MR, Andersson A,LuxAC, Arias K, Petritsch GanstromM, c) stanbul Technical University, Department Of Chemistry, 34469 Maslak, stanbul Turkey stanbul Maslak,TechnicalUniversity,Ofstanbul Department34469 Chemistry, P(NVCz-co-monooctyl itaconate, 5.0 %) modified electrodes at pH=7 pH=7 at electrodes modified %) 5.0 itaconate, P(NVCz-co-monooctyl Electroanalysis ofDopamine usinghydrophobically Istanbul Technical University, DepartmentOfChemistry, 34469Maslak,IstanbulTurkey modiﬁed poly(N-vinylcarbazole)coatedelectrodes E/V Esma Sezer, Esma Sezer, ArgunGökçeören EsmaSezer, poly(N-vinyl carbazole) electrodes coated 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th

Argun G

I/µA -15 -10 10 15 -5 0 5 04-, , , , 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 -0,2 -0,4 ö k ç [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] e ö ren E/V a) 2 , , Nurseli Uyanık, Candan Erbil* Erbil* Candan Uyanık, Nurseli , Cl P(NVCz) and and P(NVCz)

Nurseli Uyanık,

2 containing 0.1 M tetra butylammonium butylammonium tetra M 0.1 containing

b) b) Candan Erbil*

P(NVCz-co-NIPAAm 10.0 10.0 P(NVCz-co-NIPAAm I/µA -20 -15 -10 10 15 20 -5 0 5 , , , , , 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,0 . . (c) (c) E/V

. S. Timur, Y. Yigzaw, L.Gorton,Sens 3. Actuat. B,113 (2006)684. Pietrasanta, L. Etchenique, A. WolosiukR. Calvo, Danilowicz, J. C. E. and Anal. 2. . A. Merkoci, M. Pumera, X. Llopis, B. Pérez, M. del 1. Valle, S. Alegret, Trends Anal. REFERENCES were examined. temperature and pH of effects the as well as stability operational and reproducibility was investigated to find the optimum composition of the sensor. Substrate specificity, The effect of varying amounts of CNT and osmium polymer on the response to membrane. dialysis glucose a with covered was surface electrode the cells, bacterial the with together polymer osmium the of immobilisation After electrode. CP modified CNT A proper amount of graphite, CNT and mineral oil were mixed manually to obtain the of immobilisedproteinmolecules(cells)ontheelectrodesurface[2,3]. 2,2’-di’pyridyl) study, this In the cell,coenzymesandactivatorsarealreadypresentinsystem. in environment natural their in active and stable more usually are enzymes isolated, biosensor construction because of several advantages: the enzyme does not need to be and electrochemical amperometric for for promising very are cells Microbial [1]. sensing bioelectrochemical attractive very become has CNT activity its of electrocatalytic because importantly more and analyte accumulate to ability high an a area, has surface nanomaterial CNT properties. new electronic and a chemical mechanical, as unique its to attention due considerable received (CNT) nanotube Carbon en o a eo omu polymer; osmium redox a by (CPEs) of electrodes paste means carbon modified CNT on immobilised were cells The cells. the of activity respiratory the on based was measurement the and component structure, which promote a stable adsorption as well as a possibility for multiple layers attention due to the efficient electron shuttling properties combined with the polymeric 1Department of Analytical Chemistry, LundUniversity, P.O. Box124,SE-22100,Lund,SWEDEN 2Ege University, FacultyofScience,BiochemistryDepartment,35100-Bornova,Izmir, TURKIYE; Microbial Biosensor BasedonCarbonNanotube(CNT) 3Muğla University, Facultyof Art andScience,ChemistryDepartment,48000-Kötekli,Muğla/ Chem., 73(2001)1161. Chem., 24(2005)826. Lo Gorton 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th 2 1 suooa putida Pseudomonas Cl , Suna Timur 2 ] 2+/+ Te sim oye i plmrc eitr ht attracts that mediator polymeric is polymer osmium The . Modified Electrode 1,2 , Dilek Odaci TURKIYE, S 506 el wr ue a biological as used were cells 50026 DSM poly(1-vinylimidazole) 2 , Ülkü A Kirgöz 3 , 12 Azmi Telefoncu -[Os-(4,4’-dimethyl- 2 S2·P-31

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-32 . C.Gouveia-Caridade,R.Pauliukaite, C.M.A.Brett,Electroanalysis,inpress. 4. . J. Wang, J. Lu, S.B. Hocevar, P.A.M.3. Farias, B. Orgorevc, Anal. Chem. 72 (2000) C.M.A.Brett,L. Angnes, H.D.Liess,Electroanalysis13(2001)765. 2. C.M.A.Brett,Pure Appl. Chem.73(2001)1969. 1. References mercury thinfilm electrodes. Comparison was made with square wave stripping voltammetry data at Nafion-coated detail. in analysed was coatings Nafion the of properties the on surfactant the of and cadmium and lead in the presence of surfactants [4]. The influence of metal deposition Protective Nafion coatings were applied and the ASV response was analysed for zinc, be can electrodes. samples environmental diminished or in prevented film by species applying protective chemical polymer films of to the bismuth adsorption electrode surfaces. irreversible The for substrates characterisation. as and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and voltammetric techniques were used for sensors electrochemical electrodes film carbon of as properties the evaluate to was work this of purpose The stripping anodic in useful very electrodes voltammetry (ASV)withsensitivitysimilartomercuryfilm electrodes. these make metals, heavy with form to alloys ability bismuth’s to due process, nucleation the of ease the [3]: electrodes mercury for substitutes as serve also can electrodes film Bismuth sensors. disposable and short-term-use for promise good show [2], resistors electrical carbon from made and diamond boron-doped paste, carbon nitrogen-doped amorphous carbon, carbon represent good glassy alternatives. Carbon as film electrodes, such carbon, of forms background current as well as simple surface regeneration and inertness [1]. Different low window, potential large a application have must materials For such sensors, mercury.electrochemical as traditionally-used the avoid to health and particularly environmental applications, for studied been recently have materials electrode New Environmentally-Friendly CarbonandBismuthFilm 3218. Departamento deQuímica,UniversidadeCoimbra,3004-535Portugal Carla GouveiaCaridade 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Electrochemical Sensors , Rasa Pauliukaite, *[email protected] Christopher M.A.Brett* mediator, electron an using by electrode oxide Os(bpy) tin indium on achieved was BSA in and acids amino free in tryptophan and tyrosine of oxidation electrochemical Enhanced and described. is (BSA), conformation albumin serum bovine protein, protein cofactor-free large a probe of unfolding to of utilized variety urea-induced of monitoring electrochemical and report, large this In transition. folding/unfolding A developed function. been and have structure techniques sequence, protein the understanding between better to relationship aim an with extensively studied been has folding Protein od rltv t te aie rti. h ices i atiue t te lsr contact closer the to attributed is increase Os(bpy) and BSA unfolded the The in residues oxidizable the between protein. native the 3 to by increased relative signal folds electrochemical the concentrations, urea high At denaturation. BSA urea-induced of monitoring the in reporter signal a as used was current oxidation unfolding assessed by electrochemistry correlates very well with the established established the with proteins. cofactor-free other well very of correlates process unfolding the investigate to used be can method The technique. fluorescence electrochemistry by assessed unfolding

State Key ChemistryLaboratory Center of Ecotoxicology,Eco-Environmental Research and State for environmental Sciences, BeijingChinese environmental 2871,100085,China. Academyof P.O. Box Sciences, State KeyLaboratoryofEnvironmental ChemistryandEcotoxicology, Research CenterforEco- environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy ofSciences,P.O. Box2871,Beijing100085,China. ChemicalInduced UnfoldingCofactor-free of Protein Chemical InducedUnfoldingofCofactor-free Protein 2 dppz (bpy = 2,2’-bipyridine, dppz = dipyrido [3,2-a:2’,3’-c] phenazine). The The phenazine). [3,2-a:2’,3’-c] dipyrido = dppz 2,2’-bipyridine, = (bpy dppz Fluorescence 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Monitored byCatalytic Voltammetry Monitored byCatalytic Voltammetry *E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] *E-mail: Liang-Hong Guo* Liang-Hong Guo*, Na Qu Qu Na Guo*, Liang-Hong *E-mail: [email protected] n i e t o r P d e d l o f n U n i e t o r P d e d l o F a e r u , Na Qu

Electrochemistry 2 dppz. The degree of of degree The dppz. S2·P-33

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-34 medium and high current densities at room temperature. temperature. room at densities high current mediumand under cycleability better and capacity higherdischarge exhibited samples Cr-doped the and 2.3–4.6V, Li[Ni the that revealed experiment XRD SEM. and voltammetry, cyclic cycling, charge/discharge highest first discharge capacity of 241.9mAh g of241.9mAh capacity discharge first highest the showed thesample Whenx=0.02, material. ofpristine than that higher were materials Cr-doped i. icag aaiyv.ccenme Fg3Tecpct eeto tvrosrtsi h otg t Therates variouscapacityat in voltage Fig.3 at the retention 30mAgat Discharge Fig.1 numbercapacity vs. cycle Li[Ni Layered  Li[Ni The differences. capability) rate and capacity reversible profile, charge (first theelectrochemical and area) surface andspecific size particle (shape, morphological in difference greater in results which contents, Cr-doped withvarious calcined were compounds oxide The method. solid-statepyrolysis a -NaFeO Jian Guo Jian Jian Guo Effect ofstructuralandelectrochemical properties of Effect structuralof andelectrochemical properties ofdifferent (1-x)/3 (1-x)/3 different Cr-doped contentsofLi[Ni Institute ofNewEnergy MaterialChemistry, NankaiUniversity, Tianjin 300071,China −1 2 Mn Mn structure. The first specific discharge capacity and coulombic efficiency of the electrode of electrode the of coulombic efficiency and capacity discharge specific first The structure. between 2.3 and 4.6V the range ofroomat the temperature2.3–4.6V and 4.6V 2.3 between , Li Fang Jiao, HuaTang Yuan* Jiao, Fang Li , Institute of New EnergyTianjin New China Material 300071, NankaiUniversity, of Institute Chemistry, (1-x)/3 (1-x)/3 (1-x)/3 , 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Li FangJiao, Co Co Mn Cr-doped Cr-doped contents of Li[Ni (1-x)/3 (1-x)/3 (1-x)/3 Cr Cr Co x x ]O ]O (1-x)/3 2 2 (x=0 HuaTang Yuan* powders were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), (XRD), diffraction ofbymeansX-ray characterized were powders Cr [email protected] x ]O 0.01 [email protected] 2 materials with x=0 with materials Yong Mei Wang  0.02 Li Qin Wang, Hai Xia Li, Ming Zhang, Yong Mei Wang Mei Yong Zhang, Li,Ming Xia Wang,Hai LiQin -1 at a current density of 30mA g 30mA density of current a at , 0.03

Li Qin Wang, 0.05) were crystallized to well layered welllayered to were crystallized 0.05)  1/3 0.01 Mn

 1/3 0.02 Hai XiaLi, 1/3 Co Mn  1/3 0.03 ]O -1 1/3  in the voltage range range voltage inthe 2 2 Co 0.05 are prepared by are 0.05 prepared Ming Zhang, 1/3 ]O 2

show how these results, combined with the conventional DEMS technique, provide technique, DEMS conventional the with combined results, these how show of relatively small organic molecules present in sulphuric acid with this approach and We present the first results related to optimisation of samples, canbeusedinsteadoftheESIor APCI sources. the commercial phase system gas for for characterisation detection ionisation soft a (CI), ionisation chemical of capable also is that source EI separately.An analysed be must and techniques soft these by [4] D.J. Tarnowski C.Korzeniewski,J.Phys.Chem.B,101(1997)253. [3] K.B. Kokoh, F. Hahn, E.M. Belgsir, C. Lamy, A.R. de Andrade, P. Olivi, A.J. Olivi, P. Andrade, de A.R. Lamy, C. Belgsir, E.M. Hahn, F. Kokoh, K.B. [3] [2] H. Wang, Z.Jusys,R.J.Behm,J.Phys. [1] Z.Jusys,J.Kaiser, R.J.Behm,Langmuir, 19(2003)6759. References: kinetic andmechanisticinformationaboutfuelcellrelated electrocatalyticreactions. CO required. be may derivatisation although used be is ESI (APCI). Analysis of polar components like carbonyls ionization and alcohols is more difficult. APCI chemical may and case. our in acids carboxylic e.g. ions, as (ESI) present analytes for suited well particularly ionisation spray electro include or reducing on focused eliminating has fragmentation to allow analysis MS of large (bio)molecules. These for techniques techniques ionization in development Recent constant duringtheelectrolysisperiod. not is The composition electrolyte 4]. the and [3, approaches, these with distribution lost is product resolution time of analysis for IC or HPLC like methods use then off-line and experiments electrolysis bulk perform to is approach alternative One vacuum chamber. concentrations results in excessive amounts of water and/or alcohols entering the MS alcohol high with or temperature and pressure elevated at operation 3) and detection, their prevents molecules larger of volatility low 2) ionisation, (EI) impacts electron by analytes the of fragmentation 1) are DEMS conventional of limitations main The been usedtoassesstheproductdistributionofmethanolandethanoloxidation[1,2]. are formed. Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) has successfully electrochemical in topic major energy a technology. The oxidation is often only partial and been several (toxic) by-products has alcohols of oxidation Electrochemical Development ofanESI-MSSystemfor Quantificationof Motheo G. Tremiliosi-Filho, Electrochim. Act Dept. SurfaceChemistryandCatalysis,UniversityofUlm, Fuel CellRelatedPartialOxidationProducts 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th R. Halseid *[email protected] *, Z. Jusys,and Chem. B,108(2004)19413. a R.J. Behm, , 49(2004)2077. 2 , alkanes etc. are not ionisable not are etc. alkanes , D-89069 Ulm,Germany S2·P-35

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-36 . T. M. Vergheese andS.Berchmans,J.Electroanal.Chem.,570(2004)35. 2. 1. K.H. Xue, F. F. Tao, W. Xu, S.Y. Yin and J. M. Liu, J. Electroanal. Chem., 578 Chem., Electroanal. J. Liu, M. J. S.Y.F.F.Tao,W.and Xu, YinXue, K.H. 1. References selective sensorforthedetectionofdopamine unable to detect ascorbic acid even at relatively high concentrations of 0.01 mol dm was material the However, voltammograms. pulse differential the in mV(SCE) 450 approximately at and voltammograms cyclic the in mV(SCE) 480 currents approximately at peak giving voltammetry pulse differential and detected voltammetry was cyclic dopamine using The acid. ascorbic of concentrations in high dopamine of detect presence selectively the to potential the an with has material that polymeric cyclodextrin a incorporated of formation the on results present we paper this In limited intermsoftheapplicabilitymethod. acid ascorbic and dopamine of peaks oxidation as the resolve region to attempt potential an in same used been the have electrodes Variousmodiﬁed in dopamine. some oxidised are is dopamine, that than concentrations higher at times present hundred is which acid, ascorbic selectivity; from suffer methods detection electrochemical However, organism. living the in placed is electrochemically active and the electrodes used in the sensing can be conveniently dopamine as methods electrochemical of development the in interest much been has rapid, selective and simple methods for the detection of dopamine. In particular, there as new of such development the disorders, in interest several much is to there Accordingly,disease. Parkinson’s linked be can concentration its in abnormalities and Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system in the absence and presence of varying amounts of ascorbic acid, to give a highly a give to acid, ascorbic of amounts varying of presence and absence the in Furthermore, the dopamine was detected at the same peak potential and peak currents Department ofChemistry, NationalUniversityofIreland Maynooth,Co.Kildare, (2005) 323. Selective DetectionofDopamineinthePresence of 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Claire C.Harley , A. DeniseRooneyand Ascorbic Acid *[email protected] Ireland 1,2 Hwvr tee prahs are approaches these However, . Carmel B.Breslin* -3 . determined down to 5×10 be to could down determined analyte this that found was it and conditions these using performed were studies Calibration deduced. were zinc of DPASVmeasurement the for conditions the most of sensitive anodic basis signal produced on the the reverse on scan. selected The optimum instrumental was electrolyte supporting suitable most The (SPCE). electrode carbon screen-printed plain a using electrolytes supporting of range wide a n dtriain f Zn of determination and results ofthesestudies. Zn of behaviour electrochemical the investigate to used was voltammetry Cyclic CRAMMS, Facultyof Applied Sciences,UniversityoftheWest ofEngland,Bristol,Coldharbour Printed CarbonElectrode and its Trace Determination Voltammetric Behaviour ofZn 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th J.P. Hart in HumanSweatUsingDPASV. *, 2+ Lane, Frenchay, Bristol,BS161QY, UK -7 D.C. Cowell,N.M.Ratcliffe and n ua set ape. Ti ppr il ecie the describe will paper This samples. sweat human in M (33 ppb). A method was developed for the collection the for developed was method A ppb). (33 M *[email protected] 2+ ataPlainScreen- A.P. Crew 2+ in S2·P-37

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-38

of DNA is about two times lower ( lower times two isabout ofDNA adsorption process of purine ones. The optical roughness ( roughness optical The ones. purine of process adsorption with lower comparison in isfast process oligonucleotides of pyrimidine adsorption observedthat We surface. amalgam-alloy platinum the layersat oligonucleotide ofadsorbed roughness optical and index refractive of thechange detect to possible is it element anlysingDOE of the ontheaperture directed whichis wavefront, reflected sensor. From based (DOE) element optical diffractive a by layers nanometer amalgam platinum atsolid oligonucleotides of different examined an adsorption also We interaction. amalgam-alloy ofssDNA-platinum length-dependence and base- the study systematically to us allows modelthat system a as served Homo-oligonucleotides oligomers. unmodified ofsuch pairs all possible between adsorption competitive including layers, nanometer amalgam platinum atsolid of homo-oligonucleotides adsorption we an examined In addition, 1). (Figure units pyrimidine and purine the both containing ODNs ofdifferent wholelength the unitsto guanine) + adenine and/or of(adenine purine proportion a (b) and lengths, ODN homopurine different (a) identify: to possible is it 3 and backbone) viasugar-phosphate ODN adsorbed segments ODN of (desorption 1 peaks ACvoltammetric the between difference potential and residues) base hydrophobic through adsorbed segments oftheODN reorientation and/or (desorption 3 peak ACvoltammetric heightof of theanalysis From amalgam-alloys. solid of layers modifiednanometer a by metalelectrodes at (ODN) oligonucleotides synthetic different of responses (adsorption/desorption) tensammetric a examined We AO5000) (AVOZ50040507). grant and institutional (1M0021622409), Centre Research Dental (LC06035), Education of Ministry the of Agency the Grant (A4004404), Republic Czech ofthe Sciences of Academy the of Agency by theGrant worksupported was This Acknowledgements: Figure 1 1 Figure a a voltammetry anddiffractiveopticalbasedsensor atsolid Institute 200 Institute voltammetry diffractive and optical based sensor at solid -20

-2 b j / A cm FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland Joensuu,Box P.O. 111, of ofPhysics, University Department

µ b Detection ofoligonucleotidesbyalternatingcurrent Department ofPhysics,UniversityJoensuu,P.O. Box111, FIN-80101Joensuu,Finland -1.6 Detection of oligonucleotides by alternating current

of Biophysics, Academy ofSciencestheCzechRepublic,Královopolská135,CZ-61265 of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, CZ-612 Academyof Biophysics, 135, Sciences Královopolská Republic,of the Czech of (3) (4) 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Stanislav Haso Stanislav Haso Stanislav Peak 3 Peak ele -1.3 *[email protected],[email protected] *[email protected],[email protected] *[email protected],[email protected] ň Peak 1 Peak a a *, *, Raimo Silvennoinen *,Raimo amalgam-alloys amalgam-alloys 65 Brno, Republic Czech65 Raimo Silvennoinen Brno, CzechRepublic ∆ E R a / V /

(2) ≈ 5 nm) than than nm) 5 (1) -0.9 R 5´(AAA) 5´(GAA) 5´(GAA) 5´(AAA) b a b , , Vladimir Vetterl Vladimir , of the nonhybridisation one. one. nonhybridisation ofthe Vladimir Vetterl R a ) of hybridisation duplex duplex hybridisation of ) 26 3 32 7 A3´ (1) (1) A3´ 3´(3) 3´(3) AA3´ (2) AA3´ (A) 25 3´ (4) (4) 3´ a a

. . eria MH Gl AMS Cbia JS Drik Boaeil, 6 (2005) 26 Biomaterials, Dordick, J.S. Cabrita, A.M.S. Gil, M.H. Ferreira, L. 2. S.W. Song,K.Hidajat,S.Kawi,Langmuir, 21(2005)9568. 1. References polypyrrole filmswasmonitoredusingUV-visible spectrophotometry. microbalance studies (EQCM). The release of the cationic and anionic drugs from the crystal quartz using followed was species cationic the of incorporation The dopants. cationic the of solutions appropriate in films polypyrrole the reducing by formation dopamine cationic and its The derivatives were incorporated within dopants. the polypyrrole films salicylate following ATPor anionic the give with loaded to films acid polypyrrole salicylic ATP or of solution a in pyrrole of by electropolymerization synthesized the were films polypyrrole The drugs. cationic model as dopamine, of derivatives and dopamine and drugs), of anionic ATPdelivery (model salicylate and controlled the for used was concept This signals. electrical to response in ions expel and bind to film polypyrrole the allows turn, in This, film. the of out or into flow to ions requires oxidation or reduction its during film polypyrrole the on charge net the in change a polypyrrole; of chemistry redox the on based is This drugs. cationic and anionic both of delivery controlled the for used be can properties, biocompatibility good with polymer conducting used widely a polypyrrole, that show we paper this In of alteringsothatthedrugisreleasedinacontrolledfashionwhenneeded. suitable technology, the polymeric material must be responsive i.e. it must be capable drug, nowastageofthedrugandminimal side effects. However, inordertodevisea the of effect maximum obvious: are system controlled-delivery a such of advantages The continuously. released being to opposed as needed, when administered only is drug the that is system a such of advantage The [1,2]. drugs of release controlled the In recent times, there has been considerable interest in various polymeric materials for Polypyrrole for theControlled Deliveryof Anionic and Department ofChemistry, NationalUniversityofIreland Maynooth,Co.Kildare, 4707. Gillian M.Hendy 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th , BernadetteE. Alcock and Cationic Drugs *[email protected] Ireland Carmel B.Breslin* S2·P-39

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-40 phase extractionsamplepreparationmethod. solid a with sensor electrochemical the coupling by samples wine in limit detection sensitivity good indicate towards format the toxin. Further optimisation electrode of the system is printed required to achieve the screen desired disposable and optimised reagents the using results Preliminary detection. A ochratoxin for label sensor affinity enzyme an with conjugate A ochratoxin (Horseradish peroxidase) an was integrated of into investigations towards preparation an electrochemical successful The development. =3.37x10 Mycotoxins are toxic fungal metabolites that occur in food products, such as in rate constants k resulted interaction binding the of Kinetics (Biacore). biosensor resonance plasmon surface a using affinity evaluated was AThe ochratoxin analyte kg. the per to antibody µg polyclonal 1 a of of limit detection the within were results and study this during developed been have antibodies Aochratoxin using assays binding Enzyme ochratoxin A contentsthatcanbeimplementedon-siteinwineyards. Therefore, a needexistsforsensitive,selective, rapid andlow-costmeasurement of industry.wine the for importance system. economic of also are mammalian beverages Ochratoxin Afree the for immunosuppressive be can and carcinogenic possibly be to known is Aochratoxin since health human for concern increasing an is There be may A Ochratoxin stability. growth. chemical high its to due wine as such drinks containing grape to transferred mould of result a as grapes contaminates which A Affinity Sensor Developmentfor Ochratoxin A Affiliation, Address SIMS,CranfieldUniversity, MK430AL,Bedfordshire, UK -7 M. These results indicate that the antibody is suitable for an affinity sensor 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th a =7x10 Tel: +44(0)1234-750111 Fax:+44(0)1234-751671 3 Ms m.heurich.2003@cranfield.ac.uk -1 M. Heurich, ; k d =6x10 -5 s I.E. Tothill*, -1 and affinity values K A =3.15x10 ochratoxin 6 M -1 ; K D h cebtrl ocnrto fo 1 o wr: 1.0 were: different 6 to at 1 from GCE concentration modified clenbuterol The MWCNTs/Nafion on clenbuterol figure). insert (the concentration clenbuterol vs. current peak of plot and concentrations of DPV 1. Fig.

1.0 is linear response on the modified electrode by DPV in the range of of range the in DPV by electrode modified the on response linear is clenbuterol of determination the optimized, condition detection the After selective. and sensitive high show which clenbuterol trace the detect to and clenbuterol of behavior electrochemical the of mechanism the study to usedwas (GCE) electrode carbon glassy modified -Nafion (MWCNTs) nanotubes carbon multi-walled The industry. food the 1 Clenbuterol (C Clenbuterol Fig.1]. Fig.1]. the V. [see -0.2 of potential pre-concentrating the at solution, buffer Britton-Robinson × Determination traceof clenbuterol with MWCNTs/Nafion × 10 10 Determination oftraceclenbuterol withMWCNTs/ modified electrode by Differential-Pulse Voltammetry -9 -7 ~1 Naﬁon modiﬁedelectrode by Differential-Pulse , 7.5 , Department ofChemistry, Department YangZhou University, YangJiang ChinaZhou, Su, Department ofChemistry, Yang ZhouUniversity, Yang Zhou,JiangSu,China × 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th × 10 12 10 H -6 -8 18 o/ wt a eeto lmt f 5 of limit detection a with mol/L and 5 and i / 10-6 A C l2 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 N -5 0 2 O) is a is O) × ...... 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 10 Xiao-Ya Hu Xiao-YaHu -8 M M respectively.  Voltammetry -agnonist drug which is important to be detected in detected be to important is which drug -agnonist [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E / V vs SCE vs V / E * * , , Ren-Xia Guo Guo Ren-Xia ,

Ren-Xia Guo 5 4 6 1 3 2

-6 i/ 10 A -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 -40 -5 0 10 8 6 4 2 0 E / mV vs SCE vs mV / E × × 10 10 -6 5.0 , -10 mol/L in pH=1.2 pH=1.2 in mol/L × 10

-7 2.5 , × 10 S2·P-41 -7 ,

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-42 . http://webbook.nist.gov 5. Chemical of Meeting 57. ChemZi: M.: Gernátová, P., Physical Ostřížek, P., and Janderka Theoretical 4. of Department Theses, Bachelor A.: Marcinková 3. JanderkaP., DrbálkováE., Vřešťál J.:ChemickéListy96(2),103(2002). 2. the MinistryofEducation, Youth andSportsofCzechRepublic. This work was supported by research project INCHEMBIOL MSM 0021622412 from Acknowledgement 123 94, Listy Chemické P.,P.,J.: Sitko Janderka Vřešťál E., P.,Drbálková Brož 1. References obtained withDEMSmethod. xylene MIMS) – Spectrometry Mass Introducing spectrometer with electrochemical cell via mass direct combines (DEMS) input spectrometry with mass electrochemical membrane Differential inlet called (Membrane cell in ions of electrochemical and spectrometer mass of connection m/z. direct on The dependence abundances relative of quantification to according compounds and identify quantify to used is that technique experimental of type a is spectrometry Mass of several types of compounds: methanol, ethanol, n-propanol; benzene, toluene,p- methanol, ethanol,n-propanol; compounds: of types several of diameter. The properties of Nafion membrane has been tested with respect to penetration s o Nfin ebae n IS a alw h mr sml eauto o data of evaluation simple more the allow can MIMS in membrane Nafion of Use lower fragmentation. This suggeststheformationofprotonatedspecies. the shift of molecular peak including the isotopic signal for one unit and significantly are compared with standard spectra taken from NIST library spectra mass concentration-dependent solution. Acquired, water from chlorophenols membrane (Nafion N112, Ion Power, USA) with 51 with USA) Power, Ion N112, (Nafion membrane direct made home Nafion by used Teflonreplaced Sooner work input. this membrane in was membrane and USA) (Finnigan, 1000 TRIO was spectrometer mass Used supporting and solvent of electrolyte butmustallowthepenetrationofanalyttomassspectrometer part substantial a hold should that separator a as acting Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry withNafion Dep. ofTheoretical andPhysicalChemistry, Fac.ofSci.,MasarykUniversity, Kotlarska2,Brno, 2005. Societies. Bratislava: Slovak Chemical Society, 2005. s. 90-90. Tatranské Matliare Chemistry, FacultyofScience,MasarykUniversity, Brno2005. (2000). Detection ofhalogenatedaromatic compoundsby Pavel Janderka 3,4 ; and in this work with: fluoro-,chloro-and bromobenzenes, and o-, m-andp- 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th * , Matylda Gern [email protected] membrane Czech Republic átová, 1,2 Andrea Marcinková, . MIMS uses semipermeable membrane semipermeable uses MIMS . m thickness and 0.2 and thickness μm 5 . In all cases we observed Petr Ostřížek . m pore μm the kineticsconstantsofdecayradicalandtheirhalf-lifetime. are they as quantitative, parameters determine to possible was sweeping of speeds of 7,4. to superior pH to cationics micelles of presence the study a of means by Ademas in is species radical the de generation of conditions optimal the that itself obtaining intermediary,the of stability the in changes causes micellar aggregates in composed of solubilizacion because surfactants, differentwork used being that systems heterogeneous is in redox, pair this characterize to and study to able being of purpose the 4 via nitro group the electrons 4 of protons, due to the instability of the radical anion nitro reduccion in this means, with to corresponding observed irreversible, am type I of compounds unica? a these for one watery 100% middle the in nevertheless A very appropriate tecnica to study the behavior of a pair redox is voltametria ciclica, towards lesscathodicsvalues. reduccion of potential the of displacement a observe 2 position in the is that of sustituent effect electroaceptor the increase As anion. nitro the radical the explain of stability to and way of view of point influence of electrochemistry the sustituents in the 4-nitroimidazolico the ring and as these affect of formation studied that Those one following the formulates general: to obeys that ones compound three synthesized for that is reason nitro, group this the of reduccion affected directly created is ring imidazolic the in substitution The nitro. group reducci?del of product (RNO2.) nitro anion radical the of formacion to related directly is activity biologica This present. that properties Nitroimidazoles widely has been studied due to the antibacterial and antiprotozoarias Bioelectrochemistry Laboratory, Chemical &PharmaceuticalSciencesFacultyUniversityofChile Stability oftheradicalnitro anioninheterogeneous 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th systems: influenceofthesubstituent P. Jara-Ulloa , L.J.Núñez-Vergara and POB 233SantiagoCHILE. *[email protected] J.A,Squella*, S2·P-43

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-44 films were obtained by potential cycling (10 cycles) Pt in 0.1M aniline + 0.5 M H ClO Na M 0.1 in cycling potential by obtained 0.7V.were films (PPY) Polypyrrole potential region 0 V to 0.7 V vs. SCE for 5 min or for 10 cycles ending the process at made at v were V.0.7 cycles Ten to -0.7 from region potential the in solution pyrrole 0.1M + . . ako AR Hlmn S Buknti I Jrvcue . lcraa Chem. Electroanal J. Jureviciute I. Bruckenstein S. Hillman, A.R. Jackson A. 2. 1. S.Bruckenstein, A. Fensoreand A.R Hillman,Far. Disc.107(1997)323-336. References: electrochemical by obtained CH were in films precipitation perchlorate (PVF) Polyvinylferrocene to optimizetheelectrochemicalresponseforitsoxidation. work was to investigate the oxidation of AA on three polymer modified electrodes and oxidation of other species on these polymers, e.g. ascorbic acid (AA.) The aim of this the pH, the region. potential the and rate scan voltage applied Varying composition, affectcan these of any the solution and film others, among include, polymer electro- an active of surface the at occur that processes redox affect can that Factors use. electro- of practical possibility their for investigated are polymers the these why reasons the of one thus is sensing and Electro-activity, worldwide. groups research many by investigation of subject the remain still polymers electro-active Conducting Key words:polymerfilms,electro-oxidation,ascorbicacid,pH,anioneffect AA obtainedonpolymer modified electrodesarepresented. of oxidation the of results 2]. The [1, in given are details Full electrode. gold crystal, sodium 0.1M buffer, quartz at obtained was data EQCM 7.4. to 4.5 from varied solutions these of pH phosphate The saline, neutral and perchlorate, sodium modified toluenesulphonate, and sodium naphthalenesulphonate solutions. acid polymer the slightly cycling in while studied electrodes was acid ascorbic of oxidation The solutions inthepotentialregionfrom-0.15V to0.95V. perchlorate solution was potential-cycled at v at potential-cycled was solution perchlorate 524-525 (2002)90-102. Factors EffectingtheElectrochemical Responseof I. Jureviciute Ascorbic Acid atPolymer ModifiedElectrodes s .= 0.1V s 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th 2 Department ofChemistry, SUNYatBuffalo,NY14260,USA 1 Institute ofChemistry, Gostatuto9,Vilnius LT-01108, Lithuania -1 . A Pt wire was used as an auxiliary electrode. Polyaniline (PANI) 2 * Cl 1 , 2 S. Bruckenstein Rdcd V (. m) n .M tetrabuthylammonium 0.1M in mM) (0.4 PVF Reduced . *e-mail [email protected] 2 , K. Brazdziuviene s = 0.05 V= s -1 on a 0.3cm a on 1 , A. Malinauskas 2 Pt wire in the in wire Pt 1 2 SO 4 4

(1) Japanese patent, 2005-127965A, USA patent, 2005/0214164, (2) Japanese Patent, Refernce slide. cells in physiological medium under suitable potential have been observed on a carbon we have tried cyclic voltammetric measurements in ferro/ferricyanide solution. Alive differential and samples living capacity at for each potential was also ranges measured. On the potential slide as a suitable voltammetric increasing electrode, finding by microscope for a potentials with surfaces the observed we potential, over against delicate are slides carbon finished mirror of surfaces Since discussion] and [Results done with epi-illuminationsystem. were a observations microscopic with and performed CS-1090] Systems were [Cypress slides potentiostat the on measurements Voltammetric finishing. method and same the with resin same the from formed also was plate(GC) carbon like Glass slide. a as mirror like finished and plate(PFC) carbon flat ground a produce to atmosphere inert in 1400 at calcined sheet, a into molded was mixture the and resin [Experimental] Graphite powder with a micrometer size was mixed in a thermosetting microorganisms undertheelectricalstimulationoncarbonslides‘electrode’ [2]. auto- no they can be used as carbon electrodes. Thus, we can record images of the cells or the and scattering less exhibits (3) micrograph. with slides samples the of images sharp record to help which fluorescence, the (2) finishing. mirror require and with compared properties following the possess conventional glass slides used for microscopic observation. (1) The slides are opaque slides carbon The slide[1]. on the made be can measurements microscopic that so finish mirror with flat plate extremely carbon an of made been has slide carbon optical a Recently, [Introduction] Institute of Advanced IndustrialScienceandTechnology) [email protected],[email protected], A trialofvoltammetricmeasurements oncarbonslides (Tsukuba MaterialsInformationLaboratory.Ltd., *MitsubishiPencilCo.Ltd.,and**National 2005-043605 with mirror surfacesfor microscopic measurements Hiroko Kaneko 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th , [email protected], [email protected] Yoshihisa Suda*, Keiji Kaneko,and Kaoru Katoh** S2·P-45

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-46 mediated electrontransfersandutilizationoftheimmobilized biocatalysts. of application and development the Os to paid be been will has enzymes attention Special suitable discussed. with together polymers modified complex Osmium the using of Possibilities enzymes. carbon nanostructures will reducing be discussed. In particular, oxygen new methods of selective immobilisation as oxidase bilirubin or induced electrochemically deposition on the electrode their surface under simultaneously entrapment of either laccase enable which groups terminal suitable containing employed have we media, neutral in develop and investigate to oxygen of electroreduction for order system bio-electrocatalytic effective highly improved In surface. electrode the to centers redox bound to propagate charge between the enzyme integrated prosthetic groups via the polymer- activity of suitable enzymes but the durability and ability of polymeric redox mediators surfaces. Important issues are seen not only in the long-term stability electrode and immobilized at polymers redox containing Osmium-complex different within enzymes of immobilization of methods of development the on focuses research present Our biofuel cells. improved of development further the for crucial be to seems enzymes efficient and the cathode side. Optimisation of the latter process in terms of finding longterm stable such as fuels glucose, ethyl alcohol or lactic acid of combined with the reduction of oxidation oxygen at the involve cells biofuel for considered processes redox Typical enzymes ontheelectrodesprovideselectivecatalyticpathways. production. energy clean for demands environmental of to development due and the applications biomedical in on aiming interest cells) (biofuel increasing cells fuel an biochemical been has there years few last the In eaaig h aoe n ctoe oprmn de o h fc ta immobilised that fact the to due compartment cathode and anode the for separating layer membrane a require don’t they and temperatures ambient at operate they electrolytes. acidic slightly or neutral and biofules, (enzymes), biocatalysts utilize typically they that except cells fuel conventional of 2+/3+ Development ofnewmediatorsfor theenzyme-based b Anal. Chem.–Elecktroanalytik &Sensorik,Ruhr-Universitat Bochum,Universitatstr. K. Karnicka a functionalized polymers of different structures and redox potentials for efficient Department ofChemistry, UniversityofWarsaw, Pasteura1,02-093Warsaw, Poland *email: [email protected]; [email protected] 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th bioelectrocatalytic reduction ofoxygen a , K. Miecznikowski D-44780 Bochum,Germany W. Schuhmann a , P. J.Kulesza simcmlx oie rdx polymers redox modified Osmium-complex b * a *, nie ovninl ul cells fuel conventional Unlike Biofuel cells are the are cells Biofuel D. Guschinb a , L. Stoica analogues 150, b ,

hydroxy-phthalimide (NHPI) under a a condition. steady-state under (NHPI) hydroxy-phthalimide oxidation of highly conjugated conjugated highly of the oxidation by acetonitrile in electrogenerated h phthalimido- the by alcohols benzyl of oxidation catalytic the of kinetics the showed we Recently, 1 electrode cell configuration. A glassy glassy A configuration. cell electrode three- conventional the using performed were measurements electrochemical The electrolyte. an as used was base Lewis a as 2,6-ludine and perchlorate ammonium on the less conjugated conjugated less the on focused the attention our on surface, electrode immobilization the for was sought NHPI of derivative a During mediators. oxidation reported other alcohol the to compared veratryl for diator NM) and e.g., (NHMI) (NHIs), PINO ( a, H pan, were used as received. Acetonitrile Acetonitrile received. as used (Aldrich) were alcohol veratryl benzyl and alcohol, alcohol anise NHSI, NHMI, mentioned. was briefly mediator lytic acata- as alcohols benzyl to NHIs the of reactivity the compared and NHPI, of that and to them acetonitrile in NHIs of properties electrochemical the described we study, this In bond. thioether stable olefinic the a forms moiety which maleimide the of linkage with (-SH) sulfhydryl group the to groups functional the introduce to employed widely been have NHMI of group maleimide The (NHSI).  Electrode reaction of pure grade, Wako Pure Chemical, Ja- Chemical, Pure Wako grade, pure less conjugated less the on focused attention our surface, electrode the on immobilization the for sought oxidation compared to the other reported mediators. During a derivative of NHPI was of highly conjugated highly of m imtr, P wr ad an and wire Pt (1 a diameter), electrode mm disk A carbon configuration. three- glassy cell conventional electrode the performed using were measurements electrochemical The electrolyte. an as used was 2,6- base Lewis a as ludine tetraethyl and perchlorate ammonium containing 0.004%) ue hmcl Jpn H Japan, Chemical, Pure PINO that found was It to benzyl alcohols was confirmed by the CV and kinetic analyses were performed were using rotatingdiskelectrode voltammetry. analyses kinetic and CV the by confirmed was alcohols benzyl to NHIs of reactivity linkage. The olefinic and NHMI reaction of product oxidation the between the suggests which oxidation, of enhancement current marked a a indicates shows lutidine of presence the in NHPI chemically reversible response in of the lower potential region, however, (CV) those of NHMI voltammograms cyclic The electrodes. Ag ( Acetonitrile received. as used were alcohol, (Aldrich) anise alcohol veratryl and alcohol benzyl NHSI, NHMI, acatalytic mediatorwasbriefly mentioned. as alcohols benzyl to NHIs the of reactivity the and NHPI, of that to them compared and acetonitrile in NHIs of properties electrochemical the described we study, this with (-SH) group sulfhydryl In bond. thioether stable the a forms moiety maleimide the of linkage olefinic to the which groups functional the introduce to widely employed been have NHMI of group maleimide The (NHSI). N-hydroxysuccinimide phthalimido- the by alcohols benzyl of oxidation catalytic the of Recently,kinetics the showed we okn, uiir ad reference and auxiliary working, the were electrode acetonitrile) in  ok a a ihyefcie me- highly-effective a as works 2 O 0.004%) containing tetraethyl tetraethyl containing 0.004%) O + Electrode reaction of |Ag (0.01 mol dm mol (0.01 |Ag N Department of Chemistry, Nagaoka Technology ofof Chemistry, University Department tonitrile containing lutidine asabase N 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th acetonitrile containinglutidineasabase -oxyl (PINO) radical electrogenerated in acetonitrile by the oxidation the by acetonitrile in electrogenerated radical (PINO) N-oxyl N -oxyl (PINO) radical radical (PINO) -oxyl ue rd, Wako grade, ∞pure -hydroxysuccinimide -hydroxysuccinimide Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Japan Niigata, 940-2188 Kamitomioka, Department ofChemistry, NagaokaUniversityofTechnology -hydroxymaleimide -hydroxymaleimide -hydroxymaleimide (NHMI) and (NHMI) -hydroxymaleimide N e.g., (NHIs), imides N-hydroxy 1 N It was found that that found was It -hydroxy imides imides -hydroxy Kamitomioka, Nagaoka,Niigata,940-2188Japan -hydroxy-phthalimide (NHPI) under a steady-state condition. steady-state a under (NHPI) N-hydroxy-phthalimide -3 (M) AgNO – works as a highly-effective mediator for veratryl alcohol veratryl for mediator highly-effective a as works N *[email protected] *[email protected] Shin-ya Kishioka* Shin-yaKishioka* -hydroxy imide derivatives in ace- 2 *[email protected] Shin-ya Kishioka* O N 3

N-hydroxy imidederivatives in - Fig. 2 Reaction between –SH and maleimides and –SH between Reaction 2 Fig. t ie n a Ag an and wire Pt a mmdiameter), (1 electrode disk carbon M AgNO (M) disk electrode voltammetry. voltammetry. diskelectrode rotating using kinetic performed and were analyses CV the alcohols by confirmed benzyl was to NHIs of reactivity The linkage. olefinic and NHMI of uct prod- oxidation the between reaction the suggests which en- oxidation, of current hancement marked a indicates NHMI the in of those however, region, potential lower response reversible chemically of (CV) a shows lutidine of presence the in NHPI voltammograms cyclic The refer- electrodes. ence and auxiliary working, the were

1. S. Kishioka and A. Yamada, J. Elec- J. Yamada, A. and Kishioka S. 1. 2. S. Kishioka and A. Yamada, Electro- Yamada, A. and Kishioka S. 2. 2 troanal. Chem., Chem., troanal. chim. Acta, in press. inpress. Acta, chim. Fig.1 NHPI, NHMI, NHPI, NHSI Fig.1 3 in acetonitrile) electrode electrode acetonitrile) in 578 + A (.1 o dm mol (0.01 |Ag , 71, 2005. 71, , 2

-3

1 S2·P-47

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-48 (with respect to silver-chloride electrode) and was (4-5)·10 was and electrode) silver-chloride to respect (with V -1.0 to -0.6 of potentials cathodic at achieved was oxygen dissolved to electrodes the of sensitivity maximum The formation. peroxide hydrogen the include not does the reduction of oxygen may be due to the formation of catalytically active Tiactive catalytically of formation the to due be may oxygen of in reduction the investigation under microelectrodes the of activity electrocatalytic high the that nonstoichiometric tungsten oxide WO oxide tungsten nonstoichiometric has It from formed mm. is electrodes the 0.2-0.3 of surface the that was measurements XPS by microelectrodes found been the of thickness The nm. 500-2000 was centers and to the presence of OH groups in the oxide matrix. The WO The matrix. oxide the in groups OH of presence the to and centers active liquids. biologically in oxygen of determination the for sensors electrochemical developing of case the in materials electrode reusable as much promise and cycling long-time in The microelectrodes were distinguished by a high reproducibility of characteristics electrodes. n is reaction the in electrons of number total the that and n=1, is reaction reduction oxygen the in stage discharge on solution have been investigated. It has been shown that the number based of electrons at the electrodes at electroreduction oxygen nanodispersed titanium and tungsten oxides of in blood plasma and a mechanism physiological NaCl and kinetics The their hydroxidephases. TiOfor nm 5 then more no was production, their The mean size of nanoparticles on the electrode surface depended on the ﬁlament. conditions of tungsten the of explosion of method a by Ti-substrate a on Ti produced were a on method sol-gel nanoparticles Tungstenoxide chloride. titanium by containing solution a from substrate produced were nanoparticles oxide Titanium tungsten biologically oxides. and titanium nanoscale in is material cathode dissolved The process. electroreduction oxygen oxygen the on based is of which of operation the determination developed, been have liquids active the for microelectrodes A possessed a higher stability during the reduction of oxygen in comparison with TiOwith comparison in oxygen of reduction the during stability higher a possessed 5 and 50 nm for WO for nm 50 and 5 V.S.Vorobets Microelectrode a Institute ofGeneral&Inorganic Chemistry, 32-34prosp. Palladina,03680Kiev-142,Ukraine b Institute ofMetalPhysics,36 Acad. Vernadsky Blvd.,03680,Kiev-142,Ukraine tungsten oxidesfor dissolvedoxygensensor c National Technical University, 37prosp. Pobedy, 03056 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th a* , G.Y V.A. Kandyba a . K 3 nanoparticles; the average thickness of the layers produced layers the of thickness average the nanoparticles; olbasov S basedonnanodispersedtitaniumand e-mail: [email protected] s =2, which corresponds to the reduction process which process reduction the to corresponds which =2, b a* , , I.G. Kolbasova A.M. Korduban 2.76 ·(OH) 0.24 c , O.V. Linyucheva , titanium oxideTiOtitanium , 2 b nanoparticles, and varied between varied and nanoparticles, , A.P. Shpak Kiev- -6 g/l. It has been shown been has It g/l. b , 56,Ukraine M.M. Medvedskij c

1.91 ·(OH) 3 electrodes 0.09 3+ , W , , and , 5+ b 2 ,

n H and antioxidant at antioxidant with reacting ROS the of quantity the reflects which substances, of coefficient (TAA) as analyzer. voltammetric new using ROS cell in such phospholipids of enzymes and oxygen with enzymes hydroperoxides interaction of mechanisms different sulphur-containing 3 study reduce We membranes. to includes ability has level It Third (GSH). glutathione ROS. the from tissues latter process has been treated as a “model” reaction because of similar processes of ER of ER processes of similar because “model”reaction a as treated been has process latter O superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, which catalyses the conversion of O of conversion the catalyses which catalase, (SOD), dismutase superoxide [1]. results identical showed method this by and vivo in determination

R O ER urn o te lcrceia oye rdcin E O (ER reduction oxygen electrochemical the of current the of the investigation recording by antioxidants and for enzymes with ROS the method of interaction of mechanisms voltammetric convenient work and This effective devices. use and to effective systems offers not model methods, are comfortable this of of absence of investigations because However new diseases. different and of therapy using effective prophylactic more for key be could objects it on (BAS) substances active biological biological enzymes, (BAS), substances AOA”. “Analyzer device voltammetric active biological where where in polyphenols, vitamins, pharmaceuticals, enzymes. We have obtained the effective effective recommended. been have diseases ofdifferent in prophylactic BAS use ofthese The the enzymes. obtained and antioxidants different of time have active and injection of We type concentration, enzymes. pharmaceuticals, vitamins, polyphenols, as such ROS the with antioxidants of classes different of interaction the of parameters min. in electrode theindicator at antioxidant and ROS between 2 µ and the oxygen reduction in tissues. Comparison of antioxidant activity activity antioxidant of Comparison tissues. in reduction oxygen the and mol·l This paper reports a new method for total antioxidant activity determination of of determination activity antioxidant total for method new a reports paper This Electrochemical studyofhuman defenseantioxidant Electrochemical study ofhuman defense antioxidant 2 2 Applying the above approach, we offered the K as total antioxidant activity activity antioxidant total as K the offered we approach, above the Applying References. kinetic and thermodynamic of calculation the includes work this Moreover urn wtot nixdn i te ouin n A, in solution the in antioxidant without current C It is known 3 levels of human antioxidant defense system. First level includes includes level First system. defense antioxidant human of levels 3 known is It Comprehension of mechanisms of defense antioxidant system and influence influence and system antioxidant defense of mechanisms of Comprehension O. Second level is conditioned by polyphenols and vitamins, which protect protect which vitamins, and polyphenols by conditioned is level Second O. 0 1. -1 is the oxygen concentration in supporting electrolyte in absence antioxidant antioxidant absence in electrolyte supporting in concentration oxygen the is E. I. , , I. E. Korotkova

I is the ER O ER the is 1 E.I. Korotkova, O.A. Avramchik, Y.A. Karbainov., T.V. Kagiya , N.V. N.V. (2004). 729-734 N3,, Kagiya 63, Talanta, Tcherdyntseva, T.V. Karbainov., Y.A. Avramchik, O.A. Korotkova, E.I. 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Tomsk polytechnic university, Lenin av., Lenin 634050Tomsk.university, 30, Russia. polytechnic av., Tomsk µ Korotkova 1 Tomsk polytechnicuniversity, Leninav., 30,Tomsk. Russia.634050 moll

-1 min 2 current with the investigated substance in A, in substance investigated the with current 1 1 -1 , , Y.A. Karbainov Y.A. , Y. A. Karbainov : 2 Unipharm-JSCo. Sofia. BulgariaSofia. Unipharm-JSCo. 2 K Unipharm-JSCo. Soﬁa.Bulgaria − = 1) (1 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] system system I I o 1 1 C , E. V. Dorogko , E.V. Dorogko E.V. , t 0

2 ) at indicator electrode. The The electrode. indicator at ) t 1 1 is time of the interaction interaction the of time is , T.M. Angelov T.M. , , T. M. Angelov I o is the limiting limiting the is 2 2 2 · · to H to 2 O S2·P-49 2

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-50 metabolic profiling. profiling. metabolic in tool a as amperometry mediated of potential the to emphasis further gives This the reflecting responses, cellular on mechanisms. information andregulatory pathways metabolic different of source the as cells living in determination activity of enzyme significance the results demonstrate obtained The NADH. and NADPH ofadded thecase in activity reducing menadione of inhibition similar hand, other the on showed, extracts, cell crude in performed assays, Spectrophotometric affected. not was activity reducing menadione fructose-induced whereas the by dicumarol inhibited significantly was activity reducing menadione glucose-induced the that showed results amperometric the Furthermore, pathway. phosphate pentose the through ofNADPH formation in resulting primarily source, carbon the as glucose using when larger significantly was signal amperometric yeast-catalyzed of the amplitude wasthe that found It microelectrodes.

in turn oxidized at the platinum microband electrode, giving rise to to rise giving electrode, cells microband yeast Ca-alginate-immobilized (9.5×10 of platinum number controlled For a activity. the measurement, reducing each menadione of the at to proportional form current oxidized bioelectrocatalytic reduced turn The in enzymes. is ferrocyanide dependent formed The ferricyanide. by oxidized extracellularly is menadione NAD(P)H lipophilic intracellular a menadione, certain of ability the from electrons accept and on membrane plasma the through diffuse freely to quinone, based is method amperometric The consequent the and fructose and activity. menadionereducing of inhibition dicumarol on effect glucose sources, carbon different introducing by pathways metabolic main the on enzymes reducing menadione of dependence strain, cerevisiae S. modifided genetically in metabolism for cellular of method dynamics the of amperometric probing real-time mediated a of application the demonstrates work This 1 Natalie Kostesha Natalie 2 ELECTROCHEMICAL SCREENING OF ENZYME Department of Applied Microbiology, LundUniversity, P. O.Box124,SE-22100Lund,Sweden 1 Department of Analytical Chemistry, LundUniversity, P. O.Box124,SE-22100Lund,Sweden Electrochemical screening ofenzymeactivityinliving 2 Department ofApplied Microbiology, O. Department SE-221 University,Box P. 124, Lund, Lund 00 Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P. O. Box Lund,O. 124, 00 of AnalyticalChemistry, SE-221University, P. Lund Department Marie-Françoise Gorwa-Grauslund ACTIVITY IN LIVING 6 ) were introduced on silicon microchip surface with integrated Pt-band Pt-band integrated with surface microchip silicon on introduced were ) 3 Health and Society Faculty, Malmö University, 205 205 Malmö University, SocietyMalmö,Sweden 06 Faculty, Health and 3 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Health andSocietyFaculty, MalmöUniversity, 20506Malmö,Sweden Natalie Kostesha Grauslund 1,2* saccharomyces cerevisiae

EBY44 [ENY.WA-1A [ENY.WA-1A EBY44 , ArtoHeiskanen , 1 , Tautgirdas Ruzgas , Tautgirdas *[email protected] *[email protected] 1,2* , Arto Heiskanen CELLS 2 1 Sweden Sweden Sweden Sweden , Christer Spégel Christer , , Tautgirdas Ruzgas Saccharomyces cerevisiae

pgi1 2,3

, and Jenny and Emnéus , - 1 2 ∆ , ChristerSpégel ::URA3 2 , Marie-Françoise Gorwa- Marie-Françoise , cells 2,3 , and ]. We investigated the the investigated We ]. Jenny Emnéus 2 2

2 Tokyo 158-8501, Japan; 3, Hokuto Denko, 4-22-13 Himonya Meguro, Tokyo 152-0003, Japan;4, 152-0003, Tokyo Meguro, Himonya 4-22-13 Denko,Hokuto Japan;3, 158-8501, Tokyo A well-defined oxidation peak was only obtained at the PFC. thePFC. at was obtained peak only oxidation well-defined A power density at low frequencies was larger than that at high frequencies. It is often is It 1/ called frequencies. high at that than larger was frequencies low at density the power that phenomena natural of feature universal the showed electrodes BDD and PFC ee, f h BD lcrd ws agr hn ht f h PC lcrd. The K as, such ofanalyte voltammetry for electrode. suitable electrode working PFC a suitable was analysis spectral the power by level noise lower of elevated was that PFC the that that found was it Therefore, than surface. electrode BDD the of larger that than stable more was be would surface electrode PFC electrode at layer double electrochemical BDD noise of the instability i.e. noise, of the of level, fluctuation the that larger was indicating PFC, electrode at BDD that the than using noise current background of frequencies low at density power the However, electrode. PFC at that than smaller was electrode BDD at inl o crettm cre y n / cnetr ad h pwr pcrm were spectrum power Chemical). Hayashi Pure 2000, (MAY software a by performed the and converter, was A/D analysis spectral power The transform. Fourier by data an digital these from obtained by curve beaker-type current-time The of analog conventional signals background from electrodes. converted were counter points data platinum and 1024 of s/point) a (0.1 data and digital recorder, reference, Ag/AgCl an potentiostat, working, (Fchem) BDD or a Laboratory) Information Materials (Tsukuba PFC a with of cell electrochemical composed system analysis. voltammetric for materialsuitable electrode working

1 the of evaluation the an Fe(CN) results, in of voltammograms cyclic analytical of electrode comparison A working electroanalysis. the for important a is electrode condition of often characteristics cell the Since electrochemical plastic-formed and electrodes. (BDD) diamond (PFC) boron-doped carbon of evaluation the for utilized was technique This electrode. working the of level current charging the and noise of measureinstability to developed was electrode working a at electrolysis potential controlled electrode occurred at higher potentials than that at the PFC electrode. The S/B ratios S/B K for The electrode. PFC the at that than potentials higher at occurred electrode characteristics of the working electrodes in voltammetry. involtammetry. workingelectrodes of the characteristics Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan; 2, National Institute Japan;Tokyo,National ofSciences, Health 2, 1-18-1,Kami-Yoga,Hachioji, Setagaya, In the cyclic voltammograms of K of voltammograms cyclic the In a using obtained were electrolysis potential controlled and voltammetry cyclic The The power spectra of background noise in the controlled potential electrolysis at the the at electrolysis potential controlled the in noise background of spectra power The A novel technique based on power spectral analysis of background current noise in in noise current background of analysis spectral power on based technique novel A The present technique using the power spectral analysis would be useful to foresee foresee to useful be would analysis spectral power the using technique present The 1, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science,Horinouchi,LifePharmacy,University 1432-1 School and Pharmacy Tokyo of 1, of Tokyo 158-8501,Japan Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan;2,NationalInstituteofHealthSciences, 1, SchoolofPharmacy, Tokyo UniversityofPharmacyandLifeScience,1432-1Horinouchi, Evaluation a of Working UsingElectrode the Power E 4 Hayashi Pure Chemical, 3-2-12 Uchihirano-cho, Chuo-ku,Pure 3-2-12Japan Chemical, Osaka, 540-0037, Uchihirano-cho, Hayashi [Fe(CN) valuation ofa Working Electrode UsingthePower 6 Akira Kotani Hayashi Pure Chemical,3-2-12Uchihirano-cho, Chuo-ku,Osaka,540-0037,Japan Spectral Analysis of Background Current Noise 3- S Atsuhisa Fukuizumi, Atsuhisa f fluctuation. In the case of the cyclic voltammogram, the background current current background the voltammogram, cyclic the of case the In fluctuation. /Fe(CN) pectral 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th 6 ] oxidation peak currents were higher for the BDD compared to the PFC. thePFC. to compared BDD thefor higher were currents peak oxidation ] 6 AkiraKotani 4- Taisuke Ueda, obtained at the electrodes examined is a popular way to select the the select to way popular a is examined electrodes the at obtained , 1 A * ; 3,HokutoDenko,4-22-13HimonyaMeguro, Tokyo 152-0003,Japan;4,

Yuzuru Hayashi, nalysis of 3 Taisuke Ueda, Taisuke , 1* * [email protected] [email protected] * * Yuzuru Hayashi, Yuzuru [email protected] 4

Yoshio Kimura, 4 [Fe(CN) 4 [Fe(CN) Background Current N 2

Rieko Matsuda, 4 6 Yoshio Kimura, Yoshio ], the oxidation of Fe(CN) of oxidation the ], 6 ]. ]. 2 4

Rieko Matsuda, Rieko F umiyo 2

Atsuhisa Fukuizumi, 1-18-1, Kami-Yoga, Setagaya, Kusu 4 Fumiyo Kusu Fumiyo

1 2

6 oise 4- at the BDD the at 1

S2·P-51

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-52 oxidized enzymatically with molecular oxygen forming of gluconolactone and H and gluconolactone of forming oxygen molecular with enzymatically oxidized h peiul mnind H mentioned previously the on based realized is glucose of determination Amperometric ofbiosensors. construction the to H liberated enzymatically related be directly can current amperometric resulting The [1,2]. negative reactions of side reduction and overvoltage the in decrease marked a to leads oxides metal carbon of Addition matrix. sample the causes in at presented turn species redox in other many to oxidation/reduction which interferences potentials, positive/negative direct high relatively its requires electrodes However, amperometrically. determined asenzymes. such systems, modifications labile and withcomplex multiple and easy simple, very allow they as biosensors as exploitation their is application of field main The conditions. flow and (bath) stationary both under peroxide hydrogen of determination the to applicable sensor amperometric an forming of determination the thus ink, on carbon to added be easily can mediators Such demonstrated glucose. and peroxide hydrogen application their and described are sensors of optimization the for Procedures oxides. metal withplatinum modified substrates carbon facilitating a simple immobilization of enzymes at the electrode surface. Such a a Such surface. electrode 100 (ca the enzyme of at amount co-polymer small very a enzymes a requires is of modification which immobilization Nafion, simple in a entrapped facilitating is enzyme electrodes, screen-printed eulc poet S02670) n fo te zc Sine onain (No. Foundation Science Czech the 203/05/2106) from and MSM0021627502) (project Czech the of Republic Sport and Youth Education, of Ministry the by supported was work This H. Copra, A. Turkusic, E. Alemu, H. Schachl, K. Kotzian, P. Beyene, W. N. [1] applications in analyses of real food samples are refereed as well.as refereed samples are food ofreal in analyses applications [2] P. Kotzian, P. Brazdilova, K. Kalcher, K. Vytras, Anal. Lett. 38 (2005) 1099 (2005) 38 Lett. Anal. Vytras, K. Kalcher, K. Brazdilova, P. Kotzian, [2] P. Platinum MetalOxidesasMediatorsin Amperometric Platinum Oxides Metal Mediatorsas in Amperometric Moderegger, I. Svancara, K. Vytras, K. Kalcher, Talanta 64 Talanta Kalcher, K. Vytras, K. Svancara, I. Moderegger, In combination with a biocatalyst, such a basic sensor unit can be utilized in the the in utilized be can unit sensor basic a such biocatalyst, a with combination In Hydrogen peroxide as one of the products of glucose enzymatic oxidation can be be can oxidation enzymatic glucose of products the of one as peroxide Hydrogen on based biosensors of development the with dealing presented is overview An b Institute of Chemistry Analytical of – University, Karl-Franzens Chemistry, Institute b Petr Kotzian Petr Petr Kotzian Institute ofChemistry– Analytical Chemistry, Karl-FranzensUniversity,

57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th *Corresponding author’s email address:email *Corresponding [email protected] author’s a Department of AnalyticalPardubice, of Chemistry,Department University *Corresponding author’s emailaddress: Karel.Vytras a Nam. Cs. Legii CZ-532Legii Republic565, Cs. Czech 10 Pardubice, Nam. Department of Analytical Chemistry, UniversityofPardubice, Nam. Cs.Legii565,CZ-53210Pardubice, Czech Republic Universitaetsplatz 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria Austria Graz, 1, A-8010 Universitaetsplatz a a Universitaetsplatz 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria , 2 Brazdilova Petra , O Petra Brazdilova 2 2 concentration. concentration. O 2 sensor adding of a glucose oxidase layer. Glucose is is Glucose layer. oxidase glucose a of adding sensor Biosensors Biosensors a a , , Kurt Kalcher Kurt , Kurt Kalcher b b , Karel Vytras , Karel Vytras Karel , @upce.cz

(2004) 1151. 1151. (2004) µ g). Interferences and and Interferences g). ∗ ∗ a a

2 O 2 . In In . 1). The higher the frequency the better is the resolution. The conductivity of the top a-Si:H a-Si:H top the of conductivity The resolution. the is better the frequency the higher The 1). the of part coated (Figure the frequency modulation the to on strongly depend to shown uncoated was resolution The sample. the from scanned was the laser focused by the distinguished arrangement, clearly be this could in measurements photocurrent of resolution the areas Toinvestigate of photocurrent. in contrast areas uncoated obtain and to off Coated peeled impedance. partially different and deposited were films a-Si:H the acetate onto layer Cellulose ITO layer.the and substrate glass the through laser nm 405 a focusing bycharacterised and substrates glass coated ITO onto PECVD low-power by deposited were Amorphous hydrogenated silicon hydrogenated Amorphous and states. number ofwith interface small a insulator photocurrents highquality of a necessity the eliminate higher in result to expected was this diode as silicon p-i-n amorphous by in replaced structures be could structures effect field whether investigated was it work, this In photocurrents. short small and insulator the through currents leakage high states, a interface of number with large a from suffered semiconductors silicon amorphous using fabricated if capacitors field-effect advantageous be However, employed. be could would silicon amorphous minority as such carriers charge of length diffusion of it diffusion Therefore lateral the carriers. by charge limited is measurements photocurrent of resolution lateral The substrate. semiconductor-insulator a onto under deposited material commonly The is investigation structures. field-effect at measurements photocurrent on based is that technique imaging impedance an is microscopy(SPIM) impedance photo-induced Scanning

I / I0 Scanning Photo-InducedImpedanceMicroscopy using 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 Department of Materials, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK Queen Materials,Mary,London,UK E1 University of of 4NS, London, Department -100 Scanning Photo-Induced Impedance Microscopy using Department ofMaterials,QueenMary, UniversityofLondon,E14NS,UK 1 Laboratoire PMC, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau-Cedex, France Polytechnique,91128 PMC, France Palaiseau-Cedex, Laboratoire Ecole 1Laboratoire PMC,EcolePolytechnique,91128 Palaiseau-Cedex,France Amorphous Silicon Yinglin Zhou, 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Yinglin Zhou, Li Chen, Steffi Krause Chen, Steffi LiZhou, Yinglin Amorphous Silicon -50 Li Chen, X /X 0 µ m photodiode structures (a-Si:H p (a-Si:H structures photodiode [email protected] [email protected] Stefﬁ Krause PhotodiodeStructures

50 Photodiode Structures

1000hz 5000hz 10000hz 50000hz 100000hz * * , Jean-Noel Chazalviel Jean-Noel , , Jean-Noel Chazalviel 100

n part of the sample on a p a on sample the of part coated to fromuncoated scan line Photocurrent 1 Figure ae wvlnt were wavelength investigated. laser resolution. the the and concentration doping of influence the the Hence affect p-i-n to the expected also were structure absorption of the behaviour and layer + /SiO + -i-n 2 sample sample + /SiO

2 1 or n or

1 + -i-p + /SiO + -i- S2·P-53 2 ) )

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-54 C A mdfe eetoe opeey lcs sobc cd xdto and oxidation acid ascorbic blocks completely electrode Co(phen) oxidize selectively modified SAM 7C oiid lcrd, lcs oiae GD ws moiie wt ue of use was with glucose of immobilized Oxidation was (GA). Co(phen) by mediated (GOD) glutaraldehyde oxidase and/or ethylenediamine(ED) glucose electrode, modified showed most selective response to glucose at 200 - 250mV, which was the the was which 250mV, - 200 at glucose electrode Co(phen) to of GOD-immobilized potinatial oxidation response the GA, selective 2.5% most and showed ED 0.5% with electrode gold was done with 7-carboxyheptane thiol (7C) and 8-aminooctanethiol (8A). 8-aminooctanethiol and (7C) thiol electrode 7-carboxyheptane the on with done of based was Modification blocking SAM. its with pH, performed neutral was repulsion at electrostatic charged negatively is acid ascorbic Since fluids. biological in acid ascorbic co-existing of oxidation the eliminate to modified the (SAM) monolayer electrochemical self-assembled a interferes with modified was of electrode gold of and surface A elimination electrochemically The oxidized sensing. glucose amperometric important easily to very is acid ascorbic oxidation glucose. is of it determination C, amperometric vitamin food, or as for indispensable urine is life blood, acid ascorbic as Although glucose. such with co-exists glucose, acid ascorbic containing sample fluidic biological In 1 upto 0.5mM at room temperature. roomat temperature. 0.5mM upto

Fig.1 Principle of 7C SAM glucose sensor sensor glucose SAM 7C of Principle Fig.1 Application self-assembledof monolayer modified electrode Graduate School of engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, Tokyo192-8577 Japan University,Hachioji, engineering,Soka School of Graduate IzumiKUBO Application ofself-assembledmonolayer modiﬁed Izumi KUBO Graduate Schoolofengineering,SokaUniversity, Hachioji,Tokyo 192-8577Japan 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th *, * Kayoko Yamamoto, Nobuyoshi Maehara, Yuko Nakane Yuko Nakane Maehara, Nobuyoshi Yamamoto, Kayoko electrode toaglucosesensor , Kayoko Yamamoto, 3

2+ . When GOD was immobilized on the 7C SAM modified modified SAM 7C the on immobilized was GOD When . 3 3 to a to glucose sensor Mediator. Mediator. *[email protected] *[email protected] *[email protected] 3

2+ . With the electrode, glucose was determined was glucose electrode, the With . Nobuyoshi Maehara,

Yuko Nakane

On the On

than 3.0%. The recovery of FFA in all cases was more than 93% and its RSD ( RSD its and 93% than more was cases all in FFA of recovery The 3.0%. than insulin was injected before maltose administration, FFAs concentrations as well as as well as concentrations FFAs wereremarkablydecreased. rats diabetic the in level glucose administration, maltose When before administration. injected maltose the was by insulin unaffected were and rats, normal the in those constant each than to higher times 2-3 up were rats diabetic occurred the in concentrations thus FFAs plasma The FFAs level. of increase and then glucose After blood in decreased. were reduction acids, oleic and rats palmitic particularly normal FFAs, in plasma to this, contrast level In later. glucose h 1 at Blood plotted maximum reaching administration, were maltose after administration. level increased maltose glucose the blood after and time concentrations against FFAs Plasma FFAs. plasma determining for adequate quite be to method present the indicating 2.1%, than less was determining each FFA to clarify the pathophysiological role of plasma FFAs. FFAs. ofplasma role pathophysiological the clarify to FFA each determining cases. Plasma FFAs were determined using blood from a rat. RSD ( RSD rat. a from blood using determined were FFAs Plasma cases. for the determination of the plasma FFA and the blood glucose level, respectively. respectively. level, glucose blood the and FFA oftheplasma determination the for linearly related to the amount of acids, ranging from 3.75 to 850 pmol ( pmol 850 to 3.75 from ranging acids, of amount the to related linearly be to found were heights peak The chromatogram. a on min 30 within appeared were HPLC withElectrochemcial Detection for Determining the 1

terms of sensitivity and separation of each FFAs by a C a by FFAs ofeach separation and sensitivity of terms for in improved reagent been has system HPLC-ECD the study, quinone this In FFAs. plasma determining a as 2-methyl-1,4-naphtoquinone using (HPLC-ECD) detection electrochemical with HPLC new a developed previously we prepeak, catalytic this on the on wave reduction quinone the Based concentration. FFA withthe increased heightis prepeak the of and voltammogram, prepeak labeling a causes solution electrochemically-active unbuffered in of FFA presence the with case, latter the In reagent. quinone derivatization a with FFA mixing by or reagents the after electrochemically plasma FFAs in normal and diabetic rats was carried out using the present method. method. present outusing the wascarried rats diabetic and normal in FFAs plasma t otiig mll BQ n 01 o/ LiClO mol/l 0.1 and DBBQ mol/l 6 containing working electrode was fixed at at fixed was electrode working the with merge the of potential applied to The tube. allowed mixing a in was together mix to stream elute solution quinone the and column, the into injected was solution samples were drawn from the caudal veins of the diabetic rats that were injected injected were that rats diabetic the of veins 20 and solution, alloxan an intraperitoneally caudal the from drawn were samples quinone solution, respectively, in the HPLC-ECD system. A 5 5 A system. HPLC-ECD the in respectively, solution, quinone -butyl-1,2-benzoquinone (DBBQ) as the quinone reagent, and the determination of of determination the and reagent, quinone the as (DBBQ) -butyl-1,2-benzoquinone *[email protected] each FFA to clarify the pathophysiological role of plasma FFAs. School ofPharmacy, Tokyo UniversityofPharmacyandLifeScience,1432-1Horinouchi,Hachioji, Therefore, the present method is a reliable, simple, and highly sensitive method for for method sensitive highly and simple, reliable, a is method present the Therefore, Chromatographic peaks of arachidonic, linoleic, oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids acids stearic and palmitic, oleic, linoleic, arachidonic, of peaks Chromatographic Although free fatty acids (FFAs) are less active electrochemically, FFAs are detected detected are FFAs electrochemically, active less are (FFAs) acids fatty free Although n tao-ctntie 1:0 mxue n a ehnlaeoirl (09) mixture (10:90) ethanol-acetonitrile an and mixture (10:90) ethanol-acetonitrile An HPLC withElectrochemcial Detectionfor Determining School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Science,Horinouchi, 1432-1 and Pharmacy Life Pharmacy,University of Tokyo School of the PlasmaFree Fatty Acids inDiabeticRats Plasma FreeFatty Acids Diabeticin Rats 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Fumiyo Kusu Fumiyo Kusu 0.09 V vs. Ag/AgCl for monitoring the FFAs. Blood Blood FFAs. the monitoring for Ag/AgCl vs. V 0.09 Hachioji, Tokyo,Japan; Hachioji, , , *[email protected] *[email protected] * *

Takafumi Ohtsuka, Akira Kotani AkiraKotani Ohtsuka, Takafumi Takafumi Ohtsuka, Tokyo, Japan; µ l and 5 5 and l 4 ee sd s mbl pae n a and phase mobile a as used were µ Akira Kotani l of this blood sample were used used were sample blood this of l 30 microbore column and 3,5-di- and column microbore µ aiut f test of aliquot l r n > 0.999) in all all in 0.999) > = 5) was less less was 5) = n = 5) 5) = S2·P-55

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-56 Currently, we develop a microelectrochemical cell composed of two two of shown have composed we aim, this In bio-nose. a of elaboration the on cell work currently also We microelectrochemical a develop we Currently, were biosensors enzymatic These [2]. biosensors urea potentiometric realized also We combining biosensors several developed has group research our years, last the During with concerned increasingly became research electrochemical years, 30 last the During 5 S Lkr, . elm N Vle-ilra, . ihl A Popr . hri B. Gharbi, T. Propper, A. Michel, G. Valles-Villareal, N. Herlem, G. Lakard, S. [5] , Vallès-Villarreal N. , Michel G. , Kastner A. , Propper A. , Herlem G. , Lakard S. [4] B. Blind, P. Labachelerie, de M. Herlem, G. Spajer, M. Jeannot, J.C. Lakard, B. [3] 19 Bioelectron. Biosens. Fahys, B. Antoniou, A. Lakard, S. Herlem, G. Lakard, B. [2] L. Jeannot, J.C. Martin, G. Daniau, W. Labachelerie, de M. Herlem, G. Lakard, B. [1] 1 Boris LAKARD* Boris culture [4-5]. We also fabricate microelectrodes dedicated to the detection of the the of detection medium. culture the into isintroduced odour specific a when the activity neuronal to dedicated cell microelectrodes olfactory fabricate also the We to [4-5]. applications culture polymer-based previous our extend electrochemical to by microsystem and a way on films polymer deposit to able were we that using fabricated are [3]. Beam Ion Focused a especially and technologies cell microsystem this of electrodes reference miniaturized silver The a ultramicroelectrode. and platinum in ultraelectrode working a ultramicroelectrodes: weeks. 4 least duringat in time stable appeared and responses was reproductible showed (urease) biosensors enzyme urea an These which immobilized. in film polymer a by coated surfaces in consisted changes. pH responses to timepotential in andstable reversible linear, exhibited sensors These changes. pH to sensitive films polymer electrosynthesized interdigitated using developed biosensors pH potentiometric as have tested were which [1] we electrodes microarray microtechnology, Thus, microtechnology. of and electrochemistry field the of In requirements sensors. special examples. typical are heads magnetic of production the and process the of LIGA The processes. etching or deposition to special for miniaturisation applied was electrochemistry possible. due in medicine progress became and the from profited electrochemistry Finally, electrodes membranes. biological at biology measurements in miniaturized developed were ions various for on selectivity high a with ultramicroelectrodes Simultaneously, measurements equipment, electrical of sensitivity improved the to thanks example, For problems. microscopic Fahys, Biosensors and Bioelectronics 20 (2005), p. 1946. 1946. p. (2005), 20 Bioelectronics and Biosensors Fahys, p. 19. (2004), 62 Fahys, Bioelectrochemistry Gharbi, B. T. p. 1863. (2005), Acta50 Electrochimica Fahys, p.1641. (2004) 595. (2004), p. 19 Bioelectron. Fahys,Biosens. B. Robert, 1 LCMI, University of Franche-Comté,UniversityRoute16F-25030 FranceGray, LCMI, of de 1 Besançon, 2 FEMTO-ST Institute, 32 Avenue de l’Observatoire, F-25044 Besançon, FranceInstitute, Avenue l’Observatoire, FEMTO-ST 32 de 2 1 LCMI,UniversityofFranche-Comté,16RoutedeGray, F-25030Besançon,France 2 FEMTO-ST Institute,32 Avenue del’Observatoire, F-25044Besançon,France Boris Lakard* 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Claude JEANNOT Claude Electrochemistryand Microsystems Electrochemistry andMicrosystems Jean-claude Jeannot 1 , Guillaume HERLEM Guillaume , 1 Symposium 2: Electroanalysis andSensors 2: Symposium Electroanalysis , Symposium 2:Electroanalysis andSensors Guillaume Herlem *[email protected] *[email protected] *[email protected] 2 , Michel SPAJER Michel , 2 , Michel Spajer 1 , Sophie LAKARD Sophie , 1 , Sophie Lakard 2 , Tijani GHARBI Tijani , 2 , Tijani Gharbi 1 1 , , Olivier SEGUT Olivier , Olivier Segut 2 2

1 ,

1 , Jean- , yi efc o eetohmcl CO electrochemical on effect lytic ae ae i ad h pout nlss s underway. is analysis product the and cid y hc i rsosbe o te D (omt dhdoeae i ti microbe this in dehydrogenase) (formate FDH the for responsible is which cy

Hr w cmae h ctltc fet o FHcnann mcoe o te elec the on microbes FDH-containing of effects CO catalytic trochemical the compare we Here . that reported We 1 1 Si, . Km . Km . . Kh . Yo . . Eetohmcl C ”Electrochemical E. J. Yoo A.; Koh H.; C. Kim Y.; Kim W.; Shin, [1] References: fc wt ls ta 1% f urn efcec i frae omto wih s mu is which formation formate of in that efficiency than current lower of ch 10% than less with ffect ) ol ctlz eetohmcl ovrin f CO of conversion electrochemical catalyze could 4) x x red x electrochemical 2005 by 0468049, synthesis Patent acid x Korea “Formic dioxide” J. carbon H. of Lee uction Y.; Kim. W.; p163 Shin, Bus Abstract [2] Electrochemistry, 2005. of 25-30, Society September International Korea, an, microbes”, and enzymes by mistry ovrin f CO of conversion Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Biotechnology, Sogangof Integrated Program ofChemistryand Interdisciplinary Department Comparative studiesofcatalyticeffectsFDH(formate Comparative studies catalyticof effects FDHof (formate dehydrogenase) containing microbes inelectrochemical dehydrogenase)containing microbes electrochemical in (ATCC 76269) or or 76269) (ATCC Department ofChemistryandInterdisciplinary Program ofIntegratedBiotechnology, Sogang Sang Hee Lee Hee Sang Sang HeeLee conversion ofcarbondioxidetoorganicacid conversion carbondioxidetoof organic acid 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th 2 conversion. conversion. orla thermoactica Moorella 2 Cro doie t frae ih 08% f urn efficien current of 50-80% with formate to dioxide) (Carbon ogI e,MskCo iu og onu hn, Shin*, Woonsup Song, Jieun Cho, Misuk Lee, In Jong , , Pseudomonas species species Pseudomonas Jong InLee, . thermoacetica M. University, Seoul 121-742 Korea121-742 Seoul University, University, Seoul121-742Korea lsrdu pasteurianum Clostridium * *[email protected] [email protected] 2 Misuk Cho, conversion. conversion. . However, either either However, . a a aayi efc o electrochemical of effect catalytic a has DM 72) i nt hw n cata any show not did 7220) (DSMZ Jieun Song, Paracoccus species species Paracoccus

2 o n ndniid rai a organic unidentified an to hwd iia ctltc e catalytic similar showed Woonsup Shin* acaoye cerevisi Saccharomyces DM 1258 (DSMZ

1 che , 2 1, S2·P-57

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-58 Voltammetric methods along with gold nanoparticles also have been been have the also determine nanoparticles to used gold with been along have nanoparticles methods toxin. A cholera and gold of Con concentration Voltammetric of voltammetry stripping work, this In proteins. and carbohydrates between interactions the on study to employed increasing thus carbohydrate- crystal, signal. theQCM quartz the of electrode sites, gold the binding on nanoparticles gold carbohydrate-modified self-assembled signal, four QCM the carbohydrates amlifiy to order In has A Con the to binded already is which A, Con the to binded be can the nanoparticles gold modified Since employed. been have the nM. 48 was A Con the for limit detection addition, In effect. cooperative the to due solution in that than higher slightly was x the carbohydrates self-assembled on a gold of quartz-crystal and proteins has been been has ( proteins constant binding and determined The quartz-crystal approach. this of by determined gold a on self-assembled carbohydrates the to of constants binding system The carbohydrates. and proteins the model between interactions the study a as used was ensilformis, glucoside, and Canavalia mannoside to from specifically binds (ConA), which A of concanavalian quatitation the protein, as A well as compounds. studies toxin interaction the for used and prepared been have carbohydrates thiol-modified of monolayer technique, self-assembled powerful work, and simple this a as In (QCM), proteins. microbalance crystal and quartz The carbohydrates between interactions the on study to order in biosensors to alternative an as explored been has It analysis. biological and chemical in employed widely been has 1 Voltammetric and Gravimetric ontheinteractions Studies between Cabohydrates andProteins usingQuartz Crystal interactions betweenCabohydratesandProteins using Quartz CrystalMicrobalance andGoldNanoparticles Department of Chemistry, YonseiofChemistry, 120-749,SeoulRepublicKorea Department University, of Voltammetric andGravimetricStudiesonthe Department ofChemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul120-749,RepublicofKorea 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Microbalance and Gold Nanoparticles

∆F, Hz Young-Ku Lyu, In-Hong Min, Won-Yong Lee*, Won-Yong Min, In-Hong Lyu, Young-Ku -120 -100 Young-Ku Lyu, -80 -60 -40 -20 0 0 2000 *[email protected] *[email protected] In-Hong Min 4000 Tim e, s e, Tim , Won-Yong Lee* 6000 15u/ l ug/m 125 8000 K a , , = 2.24 x 107 M 107 x 2.24 = x -1 ) optic lightguide, the UV-vis detection was done in batch mode at at mode batch in done was detection UV-vis the lightguide, optic fibre- a With instrument. Raman or UV-vis the of path light to sample the transporting observed with PANI films. Fast pH measurements can be done with the PANI PANI the with done be usually can is measurements which pH Fast effect), technique. measuring depending the on 6-10.5 pH between nanoparticles films. (memory PANI hysteresis with with observed problem the overcoming thus measurement, each in used was solution (PANI) reagent pH fresh methods, both nm.In between pH 2-12 and a protonation constant of log of constant protonation a and 2-12 pH between solutions buffer pH in spectroscopy UV-vis with characterized were nanoparticles The detection was done in continuous mode at at mode continuous in done was detection protonation equilibrium is therefore established faster in small nanoparticles than in in than nanoparticles ofnanometers. small hundreads several least ofat thickness have a usually which films, in faster established therefore is The phase. equilibrium solution protonation the in entirely established is equilibrium acid-base The required. is insensitivity or sensitivity pH pH either where the applications specific for materials about PANI information important provide right choosing for used be therefore can and polyaniline of types different constant of sensitivity protonation The data. these [2] T. Lindfors, L. Harju, A. Ivaska, Anal. Chem., submitted 12/2005 12/2005 submitted Chem., Anal. A.Ivaska, L.Harju, Lindfors, T. [2] (D1012W-1) www.zipperling.de [1] pH optical in nanoparticles PANI of measurements. applicability the be The showing however, electrode. study a should, is pH this fundamental that samples stressed, glass be should real It the methods. optical of new of developing when measurements use considered absorbance the the limit of may error limitations sodium the sea of where measurements pH water is and pressures electrode elevated pH under glass pH the of determination of difficult, application the where systems analysis flow e.g. automated are methods measurement pH optical presented the of areas application Potential

1 (SIA) the combining by either out carried were and PANI of water equilibrium acid-base the on based are available measurements pH The [1,2]. commercially a with measurements presented is nm) 46 size: particle (mean nanoparticles (PANI) pH polyaniline of dispersion optical for method new A DISPERSION OF POLYANILINE NANOPARTICLES OPTICAL pH MEASUREMENTS BASED ON UV-VIS Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory Chemistry,University, Centre, ProcessChemistry Akademi Åbo of Analytical Optical phmeasurements based onuv Åbo Akademi University, Process ChemistryCentre, Laboratoryof Analytical Chemistry, and and AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY WITH WATER spectroscopy withwater dispersionofpolyaniline UV-vis 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th or or Tom Lindfors*, Tom Lindfors*, Tom aa spectroscopy Raman Biskopsgatan 8, 20500 Åbo, Finland Åbo, Finland 8, 20500 Biskopsgatan Biskopsgatan 8,20500Åbo,Finland nanoparticles *[email protected] *[email protected] *Tom.Lindfors@abo.ﬁ automated sequential injection analysis system system analysis injection sequential automated

Leo Harju and Ari Ivaska AriIvaska and LeoHarju Leo Harjuand λ =800 nm by using the SIA technique for for technique SIA the using by nm =800 (excitation wavelength : 633 nm). The The nm). 633 : wavelength (excitation K Ari Ivaska L H . , 0.5 0.5 L H -vis =4.4 was calculated from from calculated was =4.4 andraman λ =400 nm and 580 580 and nm =400 S2·P-59

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-60 (1-3) and axial (1 axial and (1-3) oa D () rm pe a tem (V stream a speed in from resistance (f) outer DR an total of part a show figure On 0.25. of error relative a with ppm 0.2 to 0.01 DR from changed sensors overall the of resolution thethe of In % 1.6 to 23 deteriorates. from electrode indicator the sensors of that and % 2 the reduced to 24 from of and resolution resistance component outer of part the the decreasing component with studied sensors chlorine the electrode for particular, outer indicator the the of of part resistance the decreasing With the of DR sensor. overall the in resistances component the of of part sensors relative a gas is analysed types the different for parameter scaling the the that of shown performance been reduced has the the It in sensors. in correspondingly, change and, a electrode causes indicator This the the sensors. of the in resistance of ageing determined as well gas as the analysed gas the of of humidity relative solubility temperature, with vary and can parameters above The electrolyte electrolyte. the to the electrode of wettability pores, indicator open of flooding of degree surface, true activity, catalytic of construction of resistances function a is latter The sensor. of electrode indicator the of time-stable resistance diffusion reduced the and include channel diffusion calibrated a DR and diaphragm porous a the particular, in elements, of components inner The resistance. sensor the of components theinner to corresponding value constant a to DRtends the rate flow the increasing with flow, gas the of direction the whatever that diffusion shown the been has It towards port. flow and gas the analysed of gas direction radial the to axial of from going rate in flow increases high- the of to DR proportional The inversely sensor. the is of sensors port resolution diffusion the towards direction its and flow the of rate the on particular, in analysed, gas the of diffusion convective of conditions the on depends DR of component outer The components. outer and inner comprises which P, where P is the partial pressure of the gas determined; K is the transformation transformation the is K determined; gas K that the shown of been has pressure It partial coefficient. the is P where P, K = I equation the by expressed is I, signal, current as sensors the of response The air. ambient the monitoring for sensors electrochemical ammetric-type in determined gases the of transfer mass the into conducted been has study experimental and theoretical A as for selecting the operation conditions. conditions. operation the selecting as for well as resolution and range required a of sensors designing and developing for used be can which out worked been has sensors electrochemical type ammetric- in gases of transfer mass the for model port of a sensor with inner resistance: 1,1 resistance: inner with sensor a of port 2, 2 2, AMMETRIC-TYPE ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS  - 1,0; 3, 3 3, 1,0; - National Technical UniversityofUkraine,Pobedaave. The diffusionresistance ofgasesinammetric-type THE DIFFUSION RESISTANCE OF GASES IN National Technical University of Ukraine, Pobeda ave.UniversityPobeda UkraineKiev, Technical of 37,Ukraine, 03056, National V.P. Chviruk 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th V.P. Chviruk V.P.  - 3,0 ppm · ppm 3,0 -  -3  ) flow towards the diffusion diffusion the towards flow ) , O.V. Linyucheva, electrochemical sensors , O.V. Linyucheva ,V.A. Nedashkovskiy , A.I. BuketA.I. , Nedashkovskiy ,V.A. Linyucheva O.V. , µ A [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] -1 . A mathematical mathematical A . -1 -1 ) at radial radial at ) is an analogue of diffusion resistance (DR), (DR), resistance diffusion of analogue an is

 - 0,22; 0,22; - V.A. Nedashkovskiy,

20 40 60 f f , 0 % ,% ,% 04 080 60 40 20 0 37, Kiev, Ukraine03056 3 3 2 2 1 1 I I I A.I. Buket ,

v_ V,l V, V, 100 l·h . h

-1 -1

the electrodes was found to be 1.5-1.9 A1.5-1.9 M be to found was electrodes the considerably lowerthanforNO. advantageous the to signal/noise due ratio. The sensor responded fast, its mVt 200-250 range the in be appropriate to most determined The was monitored. potential was NO of reduction the KCl M Ag/AgCl/1 vs. mV 300 to up mV 0 from range the within potentials at electrode the polarizing By the pH-rage2.0–6.0asrevealedbycontinuousvoltammetricinvestigation. buffer,in in KCl stability mM good 100 a least exhibited at electrode containing The voltammetry in a solution of nickel (II) chloride and potassium hexacyanoferrate (III). NO. the of for (NiHCF) detection hexacyanoferrate nickel on based sensor new a propose we Here etc. species suchasNADHandvitaminB6. devices, electroanalytical devices, Recently they were also reported to be studied display in the detection of biologically in relevant application electrochromic found have electrocatalysis, hexacyanoferrates metal transition decades two last In immunity, homeostasis, respiratory diseases:asthma,chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease,cysticﬁ cardiovascular including processes, of of number a of marker a as also serve It apoptosis. and glycolysis neurotransmission, range vast a in Nitric oxide (NO) and its derivatives have a function, as either stressors or regulators, potential interferents: hydrogen peroxide and nitrite. Their signal was measured to be 2 Biosystems Technology, Wildau Universityof Applied Sciences,Bahnhofstr. 1,15475Wildau, 1 Analytical Biochemistry, InstituteofBiochemistryandBiology, UniversityofPotsdam, using nickelhexacyanoferrateelectrodes Electrocatalytic reduction ofnitricoxide 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th iC lyr a dpstd n paiu eetoe y cyclic by electrode platinum a on deposited was layer NiHCF Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25,14476,Golm,Germany A.V. Krylov [email protected] Germany 1 *, F. Lisdat -1 cm -2 95 . The sensor was characterized for characterized was sensor The . value was 3-4 s. The sensitivity of 1,2

brosis.

S2·P-61

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-62 [4] Beisenhirtz M., Scheller F.W.,Scheller M., Beisenhirtz [4] ViezzoliF.,Lisdat M.S., 2006, Chem. Anal. iaca spot y h BB (318A ad h MF Brandenburg MWFK the and (0311487A) BMBF the (11610103/24#2597) isgratefullyacknowledged. by support Financial [3] Tian[3] Y., Mao L.Q.,Okajima T., Ohsaka T., Anal. O’Reilly N.J.,Magner E.,Langumir2005,21(3),1009-1014 [2] 1 esehrz . Shle FW, idt . Eetonlss 03 1(8, 1425– 15(18), 2003, Electroanalysis F., F.W., Lisdat Scheller M., Beissenhirtz [1] to concentrationsof40%DMSO. O superoxide as such species oxygen reactive of properties harmful The mixtures of HEPES buffer (50 mM, pH 7.5) and DMSO up to an organic solvent E organicpotential formal an The 60%. to of up content DMSO in and 7.5) investigated pH mM, voltammetrically (50 buffer was HEPES of enzyme mixtures conﬁned surface the of behaviour The introduced. residues cysteine the of groups thiol the using electrodes gold onto Cu,Zn-SOD. monomeric human a of immobilised directly been mutant has SOD The mutant cysteine a on based are which used were electrodes investigations these For buffer andorganic solvent. the of was mixtures in study electrodes SOD this of behaviour of electrochemical the aim of characterization the Thus [3,4]. sensititivity higher much a provide can electrodes based SOD [1,2]. (DMSO) sulfoxide dimethyl or butandiol such solvents It could be shown that cyt. c electrodes can be applied in solutions with certain organic of characterisation the antioxidants. Particularly for for the latter applied application also also organic solvents are be important. can electrodes the source radical a with buffer.Combined aqueous in studied intensively been has electrodes protein both of behaviour electrochemical the Therefore, (SOD). dismutase superoxide or c C) cytochrome (cyt. on based developed been have biosensors addition these In radical. the for of methods detection several metabolic of species. Mainly, and the methods based on the photometric development detection of reaction products diseases the numereous evoked in have disorders involvement their thus and biomolecules that the immobilised protein retained its activity for the conversion of superoxide up superoxide of conversion the for activity its retained protein immobilised the that found was it Furthermore feasible. was SOD mutant immobilised the of conversion electrochemical quasi-reversible a still But content. solvent organic increasing with Laviron was used. The kinetics of the heterogeneous electron transfer became slower of model the analysis kinetic the For content. amount DMSO raising with active decreased clearly redox the and increased width peak half However, content. DMSO Electrochemical behaviour ofSOD-electrodes basedona 2 cysteine mutantofamonomerichumanCu,Zn–SODin Analytical Biochemistry, PotsdamUniversity, 14476Golm,Germany, 3DepartmentofChemistry 1 and Centro RisonanzeMagnetiche,University ofFlorence, 50019SestoFiorentino (FI),Italy Biosystems Technology, Universityof Applied SciencesWildau, Bahnhofstr. 1,15745Wildau, 1435 928-935 A. Kapp Acknowledgement: 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th mixed organicsolvent/buffer solutions 1 , M. Beissenhirtz * ﬂ[email protected] 2 , F. Geyer Germany, f was found to be rather independent on the on independent rather be to found was

2 , M. Viezzoli Chem. 2004,76(14),4162-4168 3 , F. Lisdat 1 * 2 -

to several to 78 (3); and free from any impurities if mold is fully etched away. Several types of types Several away. etched fully is mold if impurities any from free and Mesoporous porosity. largecarbon materials can be easily prepared via the hard templating method and with low cost arrays ordered are with carbons nanorod carbon mesoporous of nanotubes, composed carbon from Different biomolecules. host to from catalyst carriers, absorbents to electronic devices. They are attractive candidates and carbons mesostructured intertwined three-dimensional one-dimensional, behaviour of enzymes. of behaviour graphited carbons have been synthesized and applied to study the direct electrochemical direct electrochemical studies of redox proteins and also in the development of the in of development attractive the in also extremely and proteins redox them of studies electrochemical make direct composites carbon mesoporous of properties electrocatalytic remarkable the Moreover, surface. electrode and center active redox the between transfer electron direct the facilitating to as so proteins intact to binding this process, through molecular interactions, experimental this carbon microenvironment maintains The In connectors. biomolecules. electrical effective ideally diverse are carbons mesoporous of that show results size dimensional the match to tuned . Yoon S,LeeJW, Hyeon T, OhSM.J.Electrochem.Soc.2000,147,2507 4. JooSH,ChoiSJ,Ryoo R,etal.Nature2001,412,169 3. ZhangFQ,Meng Y, GuD,ZhaoDY, etal.J. Am. Chem.Soc.2005,127,13508. 2. 1. Meng Y, Gu D, Zhang FQ, Shi YF, Meng Y,DY,FQ, Zhao Zhang 2005, D, al. Ed. Gu Angew.et Int. Chem. 1. Reference biosensors. large surface areas and distributions size pore narrow possess and structure open-pore uniform rigid, a Mesoporous carbon materials, type of nanostructured carbon materials, which provide bioelectroanalytical applications. and immobilization enzyme for fabricated been have composites ordered carbon mesoporous and structure-tailored the Here devices. biosensor of development the and interaction electrode and protein of studies fundamental the in interest considerable is immobilized feasible protein the redox of of desired. Immobilization transfer of biomolecules on activity electron several mesoporous matrices has direct attracted high the making retaining and biomolecules both strategy reliable and Effective Bioelectroanalysis onmesoporous carboncomposites 44, 7053-7059. Chunping You, 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Department ofChemistry, FudanUniversity, Shanghai200433,China up to 2500 m Song Zhang, The pore diameter and structural topologies can be readily be can topologies structural and diameter pore The 2 /g [email protected] , Dongyuan Zhao, have many valuable applications in diverse ﬁelds Jilie Kong, Baohong Liu ordered spiral S2·P-63

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-64 second solution containing only Ru(bpy) only containing solution second a in amperometrically detected then was ds-DNA of damage resulting oxidation The solution. in AO and ds-DNA adsorbed the both oxidised rdx eitr nml ti-, 2 tris-2, namely mediator, redox A (1) Liu, J.; Roussel,C.;Lagger, Liu, H. P.;Girault, J.; G.;Tacchini, (1) References Keywords: antioxidant, DNA oxidation, electrochemical sensor. screenprinted electrodes carbon modified DNA on based sensors redox Antioxidant printed electrodes (SPE) were developed. The carbon ink was doped doped was ink carbon TiO with The developed. were (SPE) electrodes printed screen- carbon modified DNA on based sensors redox (AO) Antioxidant rtcig oe f O i slto. h dvlpd electrochemical developed The solution. in activity. totheevaluationofAO beapplied sensor canthen AOs of role protecting the study to developedis model kinetic A reduced. was damage ds-DNA of extent the ds-DNA, of oxidation indirect the during solution first the (2) Johnston, D.H.;Thorp, H. Johnston, (2) [Ru(bpy) 1. Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physiqueet Analytique, Station6,EPFL,CH-1015,Lausanne 1. Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Station 6, EPFL, CH-1015, CH-1015, 6, EPFL, Station Analytique, et Physique d'Electrochimie Laboratoire 1. Jifeng Liu Jifeng Liu Jifeng Antioxidant redox sensorsbasedonDNA modiﬁed Analytical Chemistry 3 2 2+ 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th nanoparticles, onto which double strand DNA was adsorbed. adsorbed. was DNA strand double which onto nanoparticles, 2. EDEL Therapeutics SA, PSE-B, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne CH-1015, EPFL, PSE-B, SA, Therapeutics EDEL 2. 1 , ws lcr-xdsd n h SE ufc t subsequently to surface SPE the on electro-oxidised was ] 1 Bin Su , Bin Su Bin , 2. EDEL TherapeuticsSA,PSE-B,EPFL,CH-1015,Lausanne carbon screen printedelectrodes *Corresponding author: [email protected] author: *Corresponding *Corresponding author:hubert.girault@epﬂ.ch 1 , 1 , Grégoire Lagger Grégoire , Grégoire Lagger

2005 Lausanne Lausanne , 2 2 , Philippe Tacchini 77 , Philippe Tacchini Philippe , J. Phys. Chem. , 7687. 3 2+ ′ bprdn rteim (II) ruthenium -bipyridine . In the presence of AOs in AOs of presence the In . 2 2 , Hubert H. Girault H. Hubert , , 1996 Hubert H.Girault

, 100

, 13837. 1 * 1 * Key word:testosterone;screen-printedelectrode;immunoassay; bovineurine advantages asaprimaryscreeningtoolformeatqualitycontrol. alternative after can methods repeatability,proposed good the and detection, of limit low preparation, sample simple With techniques. analytical established by extensive analysis further for samples suspicious select and ﬁnd to enable system our from obtained analysis semi-quantitative or quantitative the that showed immunosensor and GC-MS between analysed samples urine bovine administrated of results the of Comparison hydrolysis. and extraction omitting dilution, after directly determination pg/ml. Furthermore, the developed immunosensor allowed for the bovine urine samples 90±13 of detection of limit with ng/ml 40 – 0.3 between was range linearity the exhibited ELISA peroxidase. horseradish sensor The SPEs. to label transferring to prior system, assay the develop to used primarily the by 5’-tetramethylbenzidine 5, produced 3’, reduction 3, of undergoes product the whereby mV +100 of at potential performed a chronoamperometry, the was chosen technique electrochemical The competition. of degree the determined conjugate peroxidase IgG-horseradish mouse testosterone and coating conjugate with anti-testosterone of Fab free the fragment. between competition surface The the use by followed the of and (SPEs), anti- electrodes on screen-printed conjugate albumin serum by testosterone-bovine fabricated the was immobilising immunosensor electrochemical The recognition. fragment for Fab molecular anti-testosterone for immunosensor using urine electrochemical bovine in an testosterone of of detection the development the describes work This Sensor DevelopmentGroup, Analytical &BiologicalChemistryResearch Facility, National Fab-based electrochemical immunosensor for the determination oftestosterone inbovineurine 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Huihui Lu , MarkP. Kreuzer, George G.Guilbault*, University OfIreland, Cork,Ireland *[email protected] S2·P-65

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-66 range from5×10 concentration the in observed was dopamine and acid ascorbic to response linear a voltammograms differentialpulse From solutions. aqueous in examined is dopamine and acid ascorbic of oxidation the towards system bilayer PEDOT/PB the of activity electrocatalytic and The reported. PEDOT,also are electrode, of platinum a on consisting PB, of films subsequently bilayer of applications analytical and behaviour on the ascorbic acid concentration up to 4 mM has been obtained. The electrochemical solutions. From differential pulse voltammograms, a linear dependence of the current Blue/conducting Prussian the of polymer bilayer system towards activity in the oxidation of ascorbic acid is examined examined electrocatalytic in aqueous are The system solutions. bilayer aqueous PB/PEDOT the of features electrochemical The the of stability bilayer coatingwerestudiedinaqueoussolutions. the and behaviour electrochemical the Thereafter, out. carried was step, the electrochemical deposition of PEDOT film over the Pt/PB modified electrode poly-[3,4- layer is electrodeposited onto aplatinum electrode in aqueoussolution. In the second of and PB Firstly,a method. two-step a by (PB), electrochemically prepared is coverage PEDOT Blue PB/ iron The reported. Prussian are electrode, of platinum a as on consisting (PEDOT), ethylenedioxythiophene] known films well bilayer hexacyanoferrate, of (III) behaviour electrochemical and Preparation Department of Analytical ChemistryandInstrumental Analysis, FacultyofIndustrialChemistry, prussian blueandpoly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Electroanalysis ofascorbic acidanddopamineusing University PolitehnicaofBucharest, PolizuStreet 1-3,011061 Bucureşti, România;Phone: 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th − 5 to5 0040214023886; e-mail:[email protected] bilayer filmsonplatinum . 0 ×10 − 3 Mand1×10 Stelian Lupu − 4 *, to2×10 − 3 M,respectively. for optimised. are determination thesulfite conditions The process. electrocatalytic the on electrolyte supporting of effect the The determine mechanism. to demonstrate (ii) to EC’-type (iii) and mechanism, derivatives, ferrocene with the oxidation overall electrocatalytic by investigate sulfite an to (i) by employed ferricinium described is of system be presence microfluidic may the in process sulphate to This oxidised cations. be to known are anions Sulfite numerical via quantified and confirmed is electrodes simulation. interacting the Flowcell of thickness. effect layer The systems. diffusion redox model ferrocene the with investigated than are geometries several smaller with flow devices height microfluidic a channel in a electrodes with interacting of system effect the addresses study This [1]. processes electrosynthetic and manyelectroanalytical for ideal are devices Microfluidic 1 1 .. adn GJ Picad T Timn, . akn Pie electrosynthesis: Paired Marken, F. Thiemann, T. Pritchard, G.J. Paddon, C.A. [1] micro-flow cell processes with and without added electrolyte, Electrochem. Electrochem. electrolyte, added without and with 825-831. (2002) 4 Commun., processes cell micro-flow Stuart M.MacDonald Stuart M. MacDonald M. Stuart b Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge,PembrokeofUniversityChemical Engineering, of Department Street, b Department ofChemicalEngineering,UniversityCambridge,Pembr Electrocatalytic SulfiteDetermination ina Electrocatalytic Sulfite Determination in a 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th a Department ofUniversityChemistry, Bath,BA2Department Bath UK of 7AY, a Department ofChemistry, UniversityofBath,BathBA27AY, UK Simple Microfluidic Device Simple Microfluidic Device a a , ,

Frank Marken* Frank Frank Marken* Cambridge, CB2 3RA, UK CB23RA, Cambridge, Cambridge, CB23RA,UK *[email protected] *[email protected] *[email protected] a a , , Yung Feng Gu Feng Yung , Yung FengGu b b , , Adrian C.Fisher Adrian , Adrian C.Fisher oke Street,

b b

S2·P-67

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-68 detected on the polymer surface, as laser ablation coupled with mass spectrometry mass with coupled ablation laser as surface, polymer the on detected was studied. It is known that in the case of spontaneous deposition, Ag(I) ions are ions reduced by the conducting polymer Ag(I) [ deposition, spontaneous of case the in that known is It studied. was poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and polypyrrole polymers: conducting oxidized applications in: electrocatalyst production, sensors, recovery of heavy metal ions and ions metal heavy of recovery sensors, production, electrocatalyst in: applications 4 Z.Mousavi,J.Bobacka, A. Ivaska,Electroanalysis 3 F.-Y. Song,K.-K.Shiu,J.Electroanal. Chem. 2 N.L.Pickup,J.S.Shapiro,D.K.Y. Wong, Anal.Chim. Acta 1 S.Ivanov, V. Tsakova, Electrochim. Acta experiments haveshown. Ag by penetrated be can polymers both polymer.the in Although deposited is silver the where determines, balance diffusion reaction- The electrodriven). and (electroless modes deposition both of similarity to conditions, using chronoamperometry and rotating disk electrode voltammetry, points Comparison of these results with silver deposition deposited silverwasanalysed. studies, carried out under potentiostatic AgNO from deposition silver work, our In manufacturing metal–polymercontacts. [ polarisation external by driven or spontaneous (either deposition metal of Processes y nw hs (g n odcig oye) omto. h iflec o Ag(I) of influence The formation. polymer) of amount the on thickness conducting its and polymer of kind time, conditioning concentration, on (Ag phase new a by controlled is process the of step initial the polymers oxidized more for or solutions rate of Ag(I) reduction is dependent on Ag(I) ion diffusion in the solution. Either solution in quiescent stirred in polymers oxidized slightly for that found was It transients. potential circuit open from obtained was process redox this concerning information ]) on conducting polymers films are important from the point of view of possible of view of point the from important are films polymers conducting on 1]) polypyrrole andpoly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Electroless andelectrodriven silver depositionon Faculty ofChemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura1,02-093Warsaw, Poland 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th K. Maksymiuk InstituteofBiotechnology, UniversityofCambridge, Tennis CourtRoad,Cambridge,CB21QT, UK , M. Ocypa, E.A.H.Hall 2 , 3 , 4]. In the present work, more detailed kinetic + os te ihs aon o te ea is metal the of amount highest the ions, M. Ptasińska, , 50(2005)5616. 3 solutions on electrodes coated by semi- by coated electrodes on solutions , 498(2001)161. , 17(2005)1609. A. Michalska , 364(1998)41. ae en yial ue fr EFs Hwvr te odciiy f Nafion of conductivity the However, PEMFCs. for used typically been have problem of CO poisoning and improve the power density of the cell, operating at at Nafion operating cell, preferred. the is of °C density 100 power the above the alleviate temperature to improve order and In poisoning CO. CO of of anode amount problem platinum-based trace makes by poisoning which cells to operation fuel susceptible of catalysts electrolyte temperature polymer low of the introduction is the (PEMFC) limiting issues major the of One

acid-doped polymer is poly[2,2-(m-phenylene)-5,5 bibenzimidazole], generically generically 120-200 of bibenzimidazole], range poly[2,2-(m-phenylene)-5,5 temperature the in operate cells fuel PBI (PBI). polybenzimidazole as to referred is polymer used widely most acid-doped the polybenzimidazoles; on based is cell fuel temperarature higher ne A condition. these under dehydrate they because pressure atmospheric and ºC) (>90 temperature higher at operations Cell Fuel for used be to enough high not is polymers are validated against experimental data. data. experimental against validated are which curves polarisation produces model The Law. Ohms using resistances electronic and ionic the and expressions Volmer Butler the by represented are kinetics The law. Darcy’s and equations diffusion multi-component Maxwell Stefan the using described is species of transport Mass pressure. and temperature of functions all are coefficients diffusion and and density current ohmic exchange the kinetic, potential, performance of circuit open cell coupling The transport. the fuel mass involve in steady-state equations aid governing to A The developed PEMFC. also is based optimisation. cell PBI fuel the our of on model isothermal data experimental presents paper This catalyst.

School of Chemical Engineering NewcastleUniversityChemicalEngineering Materials, Advanced and School of upon Tyne, of High temperature polymer electrolyte fuelcells.Model Potential/ V High temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Model School ofChemicalEngineeringand Advanced Materials,UniversityofNewcastleuponTyne, 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0 . . . 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 o C and these operating temperatures limit CO poisoning of the platinum platinum the of poisoning CO limit temperatures operating these and C 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Current/Acm M. Mamlouk*, M Mamlouk*, K Scott, S Pilditch Pilditch S Scott, K Mamlouk*, M and experiment and experiment -2 *[email protected] *[email protected] NE17RU, UK NE17RU, NE17RU, UK K. Scott,

® S. Pilditch -type perfluorosulfonated polymers polymers perfluorosulfonated -type Model results at temperature:at results 125 Model 125 temperaturesat result Experimental 20 20 150 m gexperiment. 0.5 modelLoadingand Fuel cellcurves;Fig1 polarisation -2 µ , Pt/C ratio membrane30, width Pt/C , o o

m, pressure. atmospheric C.150 C, C, 175 C B A D E F o o C, C, 175 C. o

C.Solid lines. ® o C, C, -type -type S2·P-69

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-70 TMB and H and TMB chronoamperogram provided the highest slope and optimal correlation. The substrate in s 10 increase to 8 of integration that found to was It technique. detection the of developed efficiency the was algorithm An urine. in testosterone detect optimum to the technique be to found was Chronoamperometry urine. in testosterone detect to Scan Voltammetry,examined were techniques Capacitative and Chronoamperometry detection appropriate techniques on such as Differential Pulse Voltammetry, based Square Wave biosensor Voltammetry, Linear a technique of would be a greater Development interest. In this work a steroids. range of electrochemical detection detect to the for screening reported biosensor electrochemical no is there now of Until steroids. illegal of presence means a provide semi- may biosensor simple, electrochemical of quantitative use The analysis. spectrophotometric chromatography-mass gas expensive on based is cattle in promoters growth illegal of identification reliable The after 20mins. The optimalpHwas6forthesensorutilizingHRP antheenzyme. Assessment oftheoptimalelectrochemical methodto Material andSurfaceSciencesInstitute,UniversityofLimerick,Ir 2 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th O 2 develop animmunosensor for steroid are stable for 20 mins, a 40% of decrease in the signal was observed was signal the in decrease of 40% a mins, 20 for stable are Mamun Jamaland Edmond Magner eland determination ofacetylsalycilic orsalycilicacid. the very low plot, relative standard deviation concentration (RSD) sustain the use vs. of BDDE for current voltammetric the of linearity the electrode, the of non-fouling and stability chemical high The media. quasi-neutral in vs.SCE) V and (0.9-1.25 range stable manifested, potential anodic higher strongly at system BDDE-analyte the for obtained CA) were reproducible chronoamperometry and cyclic (as CV responses amperometric voltammetry The corresponded SCE. vs. media V alkaline 0.5-0.8 of in range potential BDDE a for to signal anodic high the and catalytic response) as (obtained copper and gold for wave voltammetric the as well amperometric as signal good The systems. investigated the all the of behaviour irreversible solutions sulphate the and wave anodic pronounced single BDDE.. a for showed data voltammetric The sodium neutral and buffer, phosphate neutral electrodes, all for hydroxide, sodium were used injection electrolytes batch supporting The amperometric respectively. and conditions, hydrodynamic the under limit lower the below and mM, 0.05-10 was cell the inside range concentration final The NaOH. M 0.1 in substance (neutralized and active hydrolyzed, acetylsalicylic, and the salycilic acid respectively) dissolved from prepared were solutions Standard aspirin-pharmaceutical products. of commercial types three the and purity pharmaceutical of was which substance active the except purity, grade analytical of were reagents The diameter. a copper disk home manufactured electrode embedded in Teflon. All disks had a 3mm and electrode, Metrohm disk gold a Windsorelectrode, disk BDD a were: employed a saturated calomel electrode and (SCE) as electrode, reference electrode. The counter amperometric detectors the as foil platinum electrode, working the i.e. electrodes, by using an AUTOLAB PGstat 20 Eco Chemie and a Metrohm cell performed and three were different measurements Electrochemical formulations). various electrolytes, determination of of ASA(differentexperimental conditions various under supporting Comparative assessment allowed highlighting of the distinct aspects offered by the use performed on copper, gold and a were boron amperometry doped and diamond voltammetry electrodes Cyclic in products. standard pharmaceutical solutions. aspirin-based active substance (pharmaceutical purity) and in solutions resulting from three common commercially known as aspirin, (ASA), both acid in standard acetylsalycilic aqueous of solutions determination containing only electrochemical the the reports paper The Timisoara, Romania,2-R..A.AQUATIM,Gh.Lazar Street No.11A, Timisoara, Romania,3-University Voltammetric Determinationof Acetylsalicylic Acid ata 1-West UniversityofTimisoara, LaboratoryofElectrochemistry, PestalozziStreet No.16,300115 Ciprian Radovan 4-“Politehnica” UniversityofTimisoara, P-taVictoriei No.2,300006,Timisoara, Romania of MedicineandPharmacy, E.Murgu Squqre No.2,Timisoara,Romania 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Boron DopedDiamondElectrode 1 *, Ilie Vlaicu 2 , *[email protected] Daniela Dascalu Florica Manea 4 , 1 , Codruta Cofan 3 , Vlad Chiriac 1 , S2·P-71

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-72 nefr ognc dtcin ihn bv-etoe ptnil ag. ihn the Within range. the potential range, potential selected above-mentioned within detection organics interfere without theconsistentfoulingofelectrode. and NaOH M Na 0.1 M 0.01 of mixture the using obtained detection were results organics best for The found. electrolyte was supporting adequate most the Under conditions, range. concentration these and compound organic the for studied established each was of plot determination calibration The SCE. vs V 0.2-0.6 of range potential the within a obtained was of organics certain responses of concentration amperometric the and the electrode copper between relationship linear a situations, all For organics.sulphur-containing of presence the in obtained those except similarly were organics studied the for obtained electrode oxide copper of shapes voltammograms The applications. analytical for suitable is (CV) voltammetry cyclic using organics of concentrations was different of presence it the in oxidation, electrode oxide organics copper the the that found for peak voltammetric the upon Based electrolyte. supporting as NaOH vertex M 0.1 (first in SCE V vs potential) 1 vertex (second to V –1 and V potential) –0.221 of range potential a in scans repeated five by in-situ obtained was electrode oxide Copper evaluation. (COD) demand oxygen chemical electrochemical some of within responsible considered detection predominantly and the conventionally organics, oxidable for method classical of alternative an and Copper electrode preformed as copper oxide electrode was tested as a catalytic detector between amperometric current magnitude and organic concentration was obtained, was concentration organic and magnitude current amperometric between relationship linear the when organics, of detection amperometric of method fast and easy an as (BIA) analysis injection batch the within (CA) chronoamperometry using classical the of those with obtained were fouling electrode the to related evaluation. data COD Also, of method compared and test, recovery and sensitivity electrode accuracy,and reproducibility method the regarding media alkaline in electrode oxide organicsoxidable copper of the determination on amperometric the of characteristics performance analytical the determined was It established. was method classical by determined and concentration overall organics to corresponding parameter COD and sal peet n h ra wse ae ( water waste real the in present usually of the copper oxide electrode, as electrode, oxide copper the of Copper electrode-an electrochemical alternativefor 1 “Politehnica” UniversityofTimisoara, P-taVictoriei no.2,300006,Timisoara, Romania 3 2 AQUATIM Company, str.Gheorghe Lazarno.11 A, 300081,Timisoara, Romania West UniversityofTimisoara, Str.Pestalozzi no.16,300115, Timisoara, Romania Florica Manea amperometric organicsassay inwastewater 2 SO 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th 4 solution as supporting electrolyte. The inorganic species, which are which species, inorganic The electrolyte. supporting as solution 1 *, *email:fl[email protected] Ciprian Radovan

correlation between the overall amperometric response amperometric overall the between correlation

overall equivalent of the concentration of analytes, of concentration the of equivalent overall NO e.g., 2 , Ilie Vlaicu 3 - NO , 3 , Georgeta Burtica 2 - Cl , - NH , 3 SO , 4 2- 1 dd not did )

ethanol surface Electrooxidation ethanol. Mo,Pd,RuandPd/supportedonGC. Results onRu/Mo/GCandRu/Pd/Mo/GCarepromisingunderstudy. mixture ofthem: 2004 4.- F.Vigier,C.Coutanceau,A. Perrard,E.Belgsir,C.Lamy, 3.- 2.- 1.- REFERENCES: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: It Modified at Universidad deLosAndes,FacultadCienciasLab.Electroquímica.E-mail:[email protected] has Universidad deLos Andes, FacultaddeCienciasLab.Electroquímica. E-mail:[email protected] about Electrooxidation ofethanol atglassycarbonmodiﬁed �� T. Iwasita, G. Orozco,C.Gutiérrez, R.Ianniello, V.Schmidt,J.Rodríguez.Electroanal.Chem., been and Voltammetric responsesofdifferentmodifiedelectrodesandatbareGCinethanol to T. Mubita,O.P. Márquez*,J.Márquez,S. Adán López, Y. Martínez 0.5 T. Mubita,O.P.Márquez �� Glassy yield shown the 3 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th V rd LAMNET Workshop: second vs. acetaldehyde, of carbon that SHE ethanol �� The authorsthankFONACIT-Venezuela;projectS1-2000000448 with metallicmicroparticles �� ethanol one J.Electroanal.Chem., � � � and (GC) �� at �� is � � it 0.7 � �� oxidizes � �� expected Mérida, 5101-Venezuela acetic Mérida, 5101-Venezuela �� electrodes �� is � V *, J.Márquez,S.AdánLópez,Y.Martínez � attributed � �� and � � � � acid � within � � it � � � to � � �� has � were � � � or � occur � � � 64,2000 to �� two � carbon been � �� adsorption tested � � � potential following � � �� assigned �� dioxide , 167,1999 J. AppliedElectrochem., � as � � � �� electrocatalysts � � regions: of � � � to any � � ethanol or � oxidation a of Brazil,2002 the mixture these at first the of to steps one adsorbed �� of catalyst oxidize , 439, them. starts or S2·P-73 a

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-74 low In thislastcase,atypeofcapsulesandneedleswereformed. gave on as performed this potential vanadium formation electrode The experiments. AvoltammetriczoneofpolyvanadiumIVwasalsodefined(fig1). 3.- 2.- 1.- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Theauthors thankCDCHT-ULA(projectC1135-02-08-B) SEM ofV(ox)/Ptelectrodespreparedby60min.pulsepotentials:A)0.3V,B)1.2VyC)1.5 (b) 9x10 Cyclic Cyclic some ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF METHANOL �� Universidad deLosAndes,FacultadCienciasLab.Electroquímica.E-mail:[email protected] the Nishihara, C.,Okada,T.,J.Electroanal. Chem.,577,355,2005 Wang, H.;Löfflert,T.;Baltruschat,H. Hoster, H.;Iwasita,T.;Baumgärtner, H.;Vielstich,W. Universidad deLos Andes, FacultaddeCienciasLab.Electroquímica. E-mail:[email protected] the difference potentials, electrochemical some voltammetry cases, -2 main platinum voltammetric M NaVO was range of III information and reaction the 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th vanadium prepared and was 3 with in1MHClO electrochemical modified oxidation of -0.2V J. Márquez* J. Márquez*,O.P.Márquez,C.Chacón,Y.Martínez platinum kept II an product oxidation (CV) in increase about has to along II, the electrode current on: 4 1.6V III, much evaluation , O.P. Márquez, cathodic and the (a) the IV in Mérida, 5101-Venezuela of Mérida, 5101-Venezuela parameters 1M morphology J. Appl.Electrochem vs ON V(ox)/Pt electrolysis. also �� to was cristalinity and (fig.2). CO HClO do Ag/ more showed direction V of and with AgCl 4 along NaVO The 0 .5MHClO MeOH measured. Insitu than its C. Chacón, when of J. Electrochem.Soc The that scanning ( KCl the efficiency were deposits, 3 five FTIR . 31,759,2001 FTIR in its the sat anodic on HClO ) times response confirmed 4 production atplatinumandV(ox)/Ptelectrodes It anodic some was electronic results Y. Martínez was it in potential 4 the is initially . 148,A496,2001 on the of of amorfous potential found showed value 1 these platinum, oxidation M by started microscopy methanol sweep CV that on performed. electrodes carbon was in platinum much and the the process. within as oxidized increased. way UV-Vis (Fig. zone dioxide well earlier The was and the the in as 3) of In [1] A.Kueng, C.Kranz,B.Mizaikoff, Biosens. obtained withsuchsensors. response analytical the corroborate to performed was response biosensors enzymatic performance of the novel enzyme’s immobilization analytical chemistry.the demonstrating Theoretical for modeling analysis ﬂow-injection of with along body carotid above the ATP measurements localized on results ﬁrst present we contribution this In also yieldedsuperiorreproducibilityandstability. polymer in entrapment enzyme state-of-the-art SAM a to attachment covalent the using Furthermore obtained. be could suspensions current to compared glucose for sensitivity enhanced time reaction and temperature pH, as such conditions reaction adapted and implemented for ATP sensing. By optimizing the experimental enzyme’s be will and microsensor glucose a for performed was scheme immobilization the of and biomolecular receptors to gold surfaces in general was synthesized. Optimization enzymes of attachment spontaneous allow to An acid tether. mercaptohexadecanoic (SAM) activated monolayer self-assembled a using by surface gold the to linked covalently be can hexokinase, and oxidase glucose enzymes, The diameter. μm 25 of ultramicroelectrodes gold at realized be will enzymes of attachment covalent the to on based exposure scheme immobilization novel extended Aconditions. hypercapnic or with hypoxic either increases concentration ATP where minutes, few a of concentration. lower scale time longer triggers ATP at much conditions in hypercapnic release and ATP release Hypoxic of of stage order second a the by in followed ATP seconds of few release a quick a causes depolarization Potassium body sensors. carotid The micro local measured. these using established was was stimulus µM each to time-response 2.5-10 preparation of range concentration a in ATP induced release thereby the and hypercapnia and hypoxia, by stimulated depolarization, of were potassium preparations dose-response body carotid the The pups. establish rat from to body carotid stimuli the various under a hexokinase using and body oxidase carotid the glucose of co-immobilization at the on based determined [1] biosensor dual-enzyme miniaturized was ATP of release resolved Laterally 1 SchoolofChemistryandBiochemistry, Georgia InstituteofTechnology, 770StateSt. Atlanta, GA, Jean-Francois Masson Amperometric micro biosensorsfor determinationof *Corresponding author’s emailaddress: [email protected] 2 DepartmentofPediatrics,TheJohnsHopkinsUniversity, Baltimore, MD 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th 1 ATP atthecarotid body , Christine Kranz USA, 30332 1 *, Estelle Gauda & Bioelectron,19,1301(2004) 2 , andBorisMizaikoff 1 S2·P-75

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-76 [3] H.Razmi-Nerbin,M.Pornaghi-Azar, J.SolidStateElectrochem6(2002)126. [2] Z.Dusun,G.Nisli, Talanta, 63(2004)873. [1] M. J. Gismera, D. Hueso, J. R. Procopio, M. T. Serilla, Anal. Chim. Acta Chim. Anal. Serilla, T. M. Procopio, R. J. Hueso, D. Gismera, J. M. [1] References: (pH 2),k k constant rate transfer electron apparent the vs. Ag/AgCl), (V Eº´ of values obtained The discussed. was process catalytic the of cyclic voltammetry. The experimental parameters were optimized and the mechanism kinetic using evaluated been have carbon glassy at L-cysteine of and oxidation the of parameters thermodynamic The mV/s. 10 rate scan and pH=2 buffer phosphate in were 0.725 approximately at peak current enhanced Van showed hydrazine of presence in L-cysteine with modified electrode techniques. The cyclic voltammograms of the electrooxidation electrodes of L-cysteine carbon investigated by employing cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and rotating disc glassy of characterization electrochemical and preparation The purposes. electrochemical for exploited be can that qualities new displaying surface altered chemically a by characterized are They Chemically modified electrodes (CMEs) have recently attracted much attention [1-3]. L-cysteine) and D were as follows: Eº´ (0.725 V vs. Ag/AgCl) at scan rate 10 mV/s 10 rate scan at vs. Ag/AgCl) V (0.725 Eº´ follows: as were D and L-cysteine) Electrocatalytic oxidation of L-cysteineonthesurface (2004) 347. glassy carbonelectrodes modified withquinizarine s =4.44 s Department ofChemistry, FacultyofScience,Yazd University, Yazd, Iran 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th M. Mazloum Ardakani*, P. Rahimi, -1 , n=1,α=0.46andD=4.5×10 s (s -6 -1 cm ),

n 2 , s α (chargeα of coefﬁcient transfer -1 Hamid R.Zare . .

524 netgtd n wr son o oss te eurd estvt fr h proposed the for sensitivity required application. This posterwilldescribetheresultsoftheseinvestigations. the possess to shown were and investigated were amperometry potential constant and chronoamperometry system, measurement the simplify to order In development conditions. the optimised the using in sensor amperometric species an of these of behaviour redox the exploiting of possibility the indicated and indoles two the of behaviour voltammetric the in understand to order voltammetry cyclic using performed were Studies step. one in biosensor the of water-basedThe fabrication the permits and enzyme the incorporates also ink carbon reaction. enzyme the in produced is which detection peroxide hydrogen for potential required the decreases latter The (CoPC). phthalocyanine cobalt electrocatalyst and were investigated: direct oxidation at plain SPCEs and a biosensor ink and a water-based carbon ink. containing Two an strategies for the measurement of the enzyme analytes were fabricated using two different ink formulations; an organic solvent based carbon (SPCEs) electrodes carbon Screen-printed studies. malodour oral in potential have would which indole 3-methyl and indole of measurement the for sensors/biosensors electrochemical carbon screen-printed develop to was investigation this of aim The 2 University oftheWest ofEngland,Bristol, Frenchay Campus,ColdharbourLane,Bristol,BS16 Quest InternationalFlavoursandFragrancesLtd,Willesborough Rd. Ashford, Kent,TN240LT, Centre forResearch in Analytical, MaterialsandSensorsScience,Facultyof Applied Sciences, Indole At Screen-Printed CarbonElectrodes And Its Natasha D.McGuire Voltammetric Behaviour OfIndole And 3-Methyl Exploitation For Sensor/Biosensor Applications 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th 1 1QY, UK.Tel. +441173282461, [email protected] Corresponding Author Tel. +44117 3282469Fax.+44117 3282904, , John Greenman, email: [email protected] UK David Bradshaw 1 andJohnP. Hart

S2·P-77

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-78 ma Ag/TiO photograph1 SEM g. ofFi hs opst Ag/TiO composite this Silver is known as a good catalyst for electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction reaction reduction oxygen electrochemical for investigated was catalyst support carbon fine a on dispersed good Silver solutions. alkaline in (ORR) a as known is Silver 3. 35 3. titanium support. Furthermore, the the Furthermore, achieved. was catalyst, industrial simulate to prepared [1] Ag/C 10% of that to similar support. effectiveness and particles titanium silver betwen short-circuiting degree high a and adherence good a to tanks probably much most silver, bulk is of one the to line closer Tafel the layer, composite in the silver of concentration surface small very niae ht Ag/TiO that indicate slopes and positions line Tafel The 2. Fig. in diagram common a in compared are studies various of results The aqueous solution. NaOH M 0.1 saturated oxygen an in investigated References: References: [3] B. Blizanac, PhD Thesis, Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Belgrade University, 2004 B.University, Thesis, Blizanac, Faculty2004 PhD ofChemistry, Physical Belgrade [3] (2005) Acta 3609 50 Electrochim. S.Mentus, [2] Appl. R.Durand, J. F.Andolfatto, M.Aurousseau, Chatenet,L. Genies-Bultel, M. [1] averaged behavior of pure polycrystalline polycrystalline pure TiO pure and silver of behavior averaged * FacultyofPhysicalChemistry, BelgradeUniversity, Studentskitrg 16,11000 Belgrade,Faculty Belgrade, Belgrade, g of Metallurgy andTechnology, PodgoricaUniversity, 81000Podgorica,SerbiaandMontenegro * Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Belgrade University, Studentski trg 16, 11000 16, trg Studentski University, Belgrade Chemistry, of Physical Faculty *

nification 25 nification Electrochem. 32 (2002) 1131 32 Electrochem. µ 2 surface at the the at surface g cm g Oxygen reduction on Ag/TiO Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology, Podgorica University, 81000 Podgorica, University, Metallurgy Technology, Podgorica and Faculty 81000 of -2 Oxygenreduction Ag/TiO on 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th . The voltammetric response of response voltammetric The . , 000 2 . In the present case, with with case, present the In . 2 displays generally the the generally displays S.V. Mentus* S.V. S.V. Mentus 2 ae was layer

Serbia and Montenegro and Serbia adopting the program of potentiodynamic potentiodynamic AgNO aqueous of an program in titanium the of polarization adopting regions, one may distinguish silver agglomerates agglomerates in silver nm 50-150 distinguish approx. may one regions, investigations of the Pt/TiO the of investigations similar Following [1]. catalysts reduction oxygen as found to to to amount found ouin a ahrn Ag/TiO adherent an solution, wl ahrd ivr eoi i a om f silver- of form a inTiO enriched deposit silver adhered well a provided study this in used method The synthesized. *[email protected] *[email protected] *[email protected] * , , ,

I. Bosković I. Boskovi I. 2 islands (Fig.1). Within these silver-rich silver-rich these Within (Fig.1). islands sample sample ( polycrystalline Pt ( work)( polycrystalline( this Pt Ag/TiO at differentat materials:electrode ( alkalineORR solutionfor M in 0.1 plots TheTafel 2 corrected Fig. diffusion dynamicallyTiO formed 100, (ref.[3]), ( (ref.[3]), 100, Ag-monocrystal - ) work),(o plane , polycrystalline bulk Ag, (this activated  , , ) Ag/C, ref. [1], non-prereduced Ag/C,[1], ) ref.

V.Grudi 2 V. Grudić compositelayer 2

(this work), ( work), (this diameter. composite layer 2 [2], in the present study, study, present the in [2],

 2 ) – potentio- opst lyr was layer composite

ivr odn was loading Silver 2  (this work), (this ) - - ) bulk   ) - - ) ) - - )

transfer reaction at partially blocked electrodes [ electrodes blocked partially at reaction transfer ion determinationbystrippingvoltammetry. metal for applications on focus particular a with pretreatment, surface and additives of effect the investigate to applied been have procedures above The scrutinized. was ion counter the of effect the also and selected been have degrees hydrophobicity and effect the of estimate the probe-carbon to paste order interaction, In various surface. redox paste probes with carbon different the chargeon sites active the of spacing and equivalent circuit [ circuit equivalent the to added be should elements relevant and well as state material adsorbed the in paste react and the with interact may probe redox the Sometimes, play. into comes resistance (which is inversely proportional to the apparent standard rate constant) also 3 2 1 is gratefullyacknowledged. Acknowledgement. edge planes at the carbon-solution interface [ and basal both of occurrence possible the account into take must circuit equivalent the but only, element phase constant the of characteristics the by described is state either in the absence of or in the presence of a redox couple. In the ﬁrst case, the surface prospects performed been have determinations EIS results. experimental and by illustrated and out achievements pointed are guidelines general Several (CPE). of electrodes paste the carbon the of surface characterizing for overview applications (EIS) an spectrometry impedance electrochemical includes contribution This . J. Lipkowski, in: B.E. Conway, J.O’M Bockris, R.E. White (Eds.), Modern Aspects . Q. J. Chi, W. Gopel, T. Ruzgas, L. Gorton, P. Heiduschka, Electroanalysis, 9 (1997) . P. Heiduschka, A. W. Munz, W. G Electrochemical Impedance Spectrometry asa Tool for Chemistry andMaterialScience,Bucharest, Romania. a) University ofPardubice, Departmentof Analytical Chemistry, nam.Cs.legii565,CZ-53210, e-mail: [email protected]. of Electrochemistry, Vol. 23,Plenum,New York, 1992,p. 1. 357. phone: +(47)73596957,fax:+(47)73596255,e-mail:[email protected] T. Mikysek Technology (NTNU),DepartmentofChemistry, N-7491Trondheim, Norway, Pardubice, CzechRepublic,phone:+42046603708, fax:+420466037068, 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Characterizing CarbonPasteElectrodes 2 ]. In addition, we attempted at applying the theory of the charge the of theory the applying at attempted we addition, In ]. NATO ﬁnancial support under the project PST.EAP.CLG 980619 a , Ana Ion b , b) I.Svancara University PolitechnicaofBucharest, Facultyof Applied öpel, Electrochim. Acta a , K. Vytras 1 ]. In the second case the charge transfer 3 c) ] in order to assess the average size average the assess to order in ] * NorwegianUniversityofScienceand a , andF.G. Banica , 39,(1994)2207. c * S2·P-79

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-80 them was 125 was them platinum respectively, were each 1mm wide and 500 selectivity oftheelectrochemiluminescencetechnique. and performance the of enhancement the for combination a such of potential great show results Preliminary potential. positive) and (negative applied step an double asymmetric with 9 pH buffer borate in the reaction out electrochemiluminescence carrying luminol for evaluated were designs electrode several of performance The technique. for electrode platinum a and reduction 50 was electrode Each electro-oxidation. oxygen luminol and preconcentration metal for electrode carbon a with used was system electrode detection. working A(ECL) dual electrochemiluminescence with procedure, micro-preconcentration a as voltammetry metal detection of ions such as copper and cobalt, through the combination of stripping A novel flow cell with screen printed electrodes was tested for its feasibility for heavy l eetoe wr sre pitd n crmc usrt wt a rne ae of area printed a with substrate ceramic 35x17.5 mm a on printed screen were electrodes All SchoolofChemicalEngineeringand Analytical Science,UniversityofManchester, POBOX88, LuminolElectrochemiluminescence onScreen Printed 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th 2 . The ECL flow cell was fabricated in-house using an injection moulding m. The reference and counter electrode ; silver/silver chloride and chloride silver/silver electrode ; counter and reference The μm. Zainab MohammedRedha *[email protected] Manchester, M601QD,UK. Electrodes * and m wide and the spacing between spacing the and wide μm Peter R.Fielden μm from the working electrodes. and recovery. was examined via evaluation of linear working range, limit of detection, repeatability proposed procedure for the quantitative of assay validation of established, the values optimum selected their organophosphorus and insecticide studied was variables these RM Wgta, .. Wipf, D.O. Wightman, R.M. 1 References through theprojectPOCTI/AGR/44491/2002(co-financed byFEDER). The authors thank the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia for the financial support Acknowledgments voltammetric detection at the gold ultramicroelectrode, the square- performed by cyclic voltammetry. To get the more appropriate conditions for stripping Preliminary investigations of the electrochemical behaviour of azinphos-methyl were insecticide insoilextracts. azinphos-methyl on a gold ultramicrodisk surface (radius = 12.5 x10 The main aim of the present study was to investigate the electrochemical behaviour of properties [1]. important and attractive several exhibit they since ultramicroelectrodes of use the by influenced significantly being is voltammetry Analytical control. environmental in importance increasing gaining are techniques voltammetric modern years, recent In it isasystemicandgeneralinsecticide. and group this to belongs oxobenzo-triazinyl-methyl)-dimethyl-phosphorodithioate) ((dihydro- Azinphos-methyl on interest. scientific and effects social of are and that health people’s organisms, diverse on effects genetic elimination, and degradation persistence, their including pesticides, these of characteristics of number a are There insecticides. of classes important most the of one are compounds Organophosphorus rqec, mltd ad tp ee optimized. were step and amplitude frequency, time, deposition potentials, conditioning and deposition pH, namely, to obtain a simple, fast and highly sensitive procedure for analysis of the selected the of analysis for procedure sensitive highly and fast simple, a obtain to the applicability of stripping voltammetry performed by ultramicroelectrodes in order Determination of Azinphos-methyl inSoils With aGold REQUIMTE, InstitutodeEngenhariadoPorto,DepartamentoQuímica,RuaS. Basel; Vol. Yorkand New Inc.: Dekker, Marcel Ed. AJ, Bard, Chemistry. Electroanalytical 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th

15 (1988)267-353. Ultramicroelectrode S. Morais Tomé, 4200Porto,Portugal. * [email protected]

* , C. Delerue-Matos otmer a utaireetoe. In ultramicroelectrodes. at Voltammetry ne h iﬂec o all of inﬂuence the Once wave parameters, -6 m) and to study S2·P-81

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-82 hexanesulfonate ( hexanesulfonate covalently bound charge compensator and the thiophene unit. unit. thethiophene and compensator charge bound covalently bonds(

Electroanalysis1353. (2002) 14 Bobacka,Koskinen,Rissanen, J. H. K. A. Lewenstam, A.T. [5] Lahtinen, Ivaska, Bühlmann,E. E. Bakker, Pretsch, [4] P. (1998) 98 Chem. 1593. Rev. 312. (2005) Solid Electrochem.9 State Bobacka,M. A.Vázquez,J. K. Lewenstam,A. Rissanen, M. [3] Luostarinen, J. Ivaska, Z. Bobacka, Mousavi, J. A.[2] (2005)1609. Ivaska, 17 Electroanalysis (2000) 481. Adv.Reynolds, 12 Mater. D.R. L. F. Groenendaal,Jonas, J. H. [1] Freitag, Pielartzik, of electrosynthesis galvanostatic the by ( with doped prepared PEDOT were sensors ion Potentiometric ( and calixarenes sulfonated with doped PEDOT conducting [1]. stable (PSS sulfonate) poly(styrene today most the available of polymers one is (PEDOT) Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) electrodes to Ag to electrodes selective ion PEDOT-based of response potentiometric the that showed study Previous n slciiy o Ag to selectivity and was also studied using infrared (IR) spectroscopy, which confirmed that ( that confirmed which spectroscopy, (IR) infrared using studied also was hc ae oim -3tinlx) taeufnt ( ethanesulfonate 2-(3-thienyloxy) the sodium in are ions which doping as thiophenes, These method. used polymerization were electrochemical using PEDOT thiophenes of synthesis sulfonated different two study, this In [3]. ofPEDOT backbone inthe atomspresent doping ion and it was not irreversibly immobilized in the PEDOT film. thePEDOT in immobilized notirreversibly was it and ion doping their sensitivity and selectivity to Ag to selectivity and sensitivity their compare and study to order in sensors prepared the on out carried were measurements Potentiometric (EIS). spectroscopy impedance electrochemical and (CV) voltammetry Zekra Mousavi Zekra Zekra Mousavi a POLY(3,4-ETHYLENEDIOXYTHIOPHENE) (PEDOT) Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory Analytical Chemistry,c/o Centre, Akademi of University, ProcessChemistry Åbo POTENTIOMETRIC SENSORS FORAg ethylenedioxythiophene) (pedot)dopedwithsulfonated b a Department of Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014, Oulu, P.O.Box FIN-90014, 3000,Oulu, Finland Chemistry, of Department of University Process ChemistryCentre, c/oLaboratoryof Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, b DepartmentofChemistry, UniversityofOulu,P.O. Box3000,FIN-90014,Oulu,Finland  Potentiometric sensorsfor ag -coordination) [5] present in the polymer backbone and the doping ion. ion. doping the and backbone polymer the in present [5] -coordination) DOPED WITH SULFONATED THIOPHENES 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th a S a a + ; Johan Bobacka Johan ; ) ) ( ; b seems to be partly due to the interaction between Ag between interaction the to due partly be to seems O Johan Bobacka ), differ from each other in the length of the alkyl chain between the the between chain alkyl the of length the in other each from differ ), Biskopsgatan 8, FIN-20500 Åbo-Turku, Finland Åbo-Turku, FIN-20500 8, Biskopsgatan a + Ag . Biskopsgatan 8,FIN-20500Åbo-Turku, Finland ) or ( or ) SO 3 - + - Na + - is known to interact with sulfur atoms [4] and double double and [4] atoms sulfur with interact to known is b ) [2] or sulfonated resorcarenes [3] shows high sensitivity sensitivity high shows [3] resorcarenes sulfonated or [2] ) ). The resulting electrodes were characterized by cyclic cyclic by characterized were electrodes resulting The ). * [email protected] [email protected] * * Johan.Bobacka@abo.fi a* a* ; ; Terhi Alaviuhkola ; Terhi thiophenes Terhi Alaviuhkola + . The film prepared from PEDOT doped with ( with doped PEDOT from prepared film The . + basedonpoly(3,4- b b a ; ; Jouni Pursiainen Jouni ; ) and sodium 2-(3-thienyloxy) 2-(3-thienyloxy) sodium and ) b Jouni Pursiainen S ) O + BASED ON + b SO and the sulfur sulfur the and b ; ; Ari Ivaska ; - + - 3 Ari Ivaska Na a ) acts as a a as acts ) a a a ) ) [2] M. Borsari, E. Ferrari, R. Grandi, M. Saladini, Inorg. Chim. Acta., 328 (2002) 328 Acta., Chim. Inorg. Saladini, M. Grandi, R. Ferrari, E. Borsari, M. [2] [1] O. Valragupta, P. Boonchoong,L.J.Berliner, FreeRadic.Res.,38(2004)303. [5] Electroanalysis, Krutowski, K. Lewandowska, B. Milczarek, G. Ciszewski, A. P.P.J. Ponvel, [4] Chem., M. TransitionMetal Srinivasan, K. S. Annaraj, Athappan, H.Y.Dutta, S. Kadam, M. R. Mohan, H. K. Shen, Zhang, L. Mishra, [3] B. Barik, A. [6] M. Yousef Elahi, H. Heli, S. Z. Bathaie, M. F. Mousavi* References Keywords: Nickel,Curcumin,Carbohydrates,Modified Electrode,Electrocatalysis. electrode, modified Ni-curcumin the using by yielded lowdetectionlimitsfordeterminationofcarbohydratesinaqueousmedia. that shown been have results The obtained. were carbohydrates of coefficients transfer electron and reaction catalytic the of constants rate coefficients, diffusion Also, electrons. 12 approximately gave cyclic electrode carbon glassy modified Ni(II)-curcumin at The carbohydrates of oxidation The methods. (CV), polarization current. cathodic corresponding the in decreasing by followed increased, was current voltammetry stationary cyclic peak anodic the carbohydrates of presence the in using that indicated and studies voltammetric by (CA) glucose were with chronoamperometry maltose) compared disaccharide: and galactose, and investigated fructose as carbohydrates some such of (monosaccharides: electrooxidation on complex electrocatalytic the Ni(II)-curcumin study, of this behavior In [6]. electrode carbon glassy modified curcumin Ni(II)- at glucose of oxidation electrocatalytic the reported we work, previous our In effective catalystforoxidationofsomeorganic compounds[5]. very as act complexes metal its electropolymerization by formed electrodes modified complexes of the type 1:1 and 1:2 with transition metals [3-4]. It was found that such forms Curcumin [1-2]. spectroscopy and potentiometry like techniques employing have been many reports in the literature on the metal chelating properties of curcumin, there Recently times. ancient since properties medical its for known been has which of an rhizomes the in found phytochemical natural important is dione) (1,7-bis[4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl]-1,6-heptadiene-3,5, Curcumin *Corresponding author. E-mailaddress: [email protected], Department ofChemistry, FacultyofScience,Tarbiat Modares University, P. O.Box:14115-175, 29 (2004)722. I. Priyadarsini,Free.Radic.BiologyMed.,39(2005)811. 61. accepted forpublication(2006). (2003) 518. Electrocatalytic oxidation of somecarbohydratesat ni(ii)-curcumin modifiedglassy carbonelectrode in Tel: +982188011001(ext.:3479 lab;3474room), Fax:+982188006544. : 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th M. Yousef Elahi, alkaline media Tehran, Iran. M. F. Mousavi* , H. Heli , J. Solid State Electrochem., or turmic, or longa curcuma

15 S2·P-83

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-84 In this context and continuing our previous preoccupations in the field of zeolite zeolite of field the of in consisting materials, preoccupations electrode composite new previous two [4], our electrodes modified continuing and context this In electrochemical behavior was investigated by cyclic voltammetry measurements measurements voltammetry (k constant cyclic rate the treatment, Laviron’s by Using rates. scan potential and pH investigated different at performed was behavior electrochemical project A-51/349-2005. project the under support financial for (Romania) CNCSIS acknowledge gratefully authors The [2, 3] and compositezeoliteamperometricincorporatedelectrodesascorbicacidforindetection of wereamperometricdetection. Theyforwindowpotential optimal the to close potential at (s odcie aeil ( material) conductive (as paste MG 1 Gligor, D. L. Popescu,Muresan,I.C. Acta [4] Cibiniensis, Seria Chemia, Univ. (2004)F 29.7 Kulys, J. G. Electroanalysis, W.Gleixner,and [3] H.-L. Schuhmann Schmidt, (1993) 201 5 (2003) M.193. Arvand, Mousavi, Sohrabnezhad,Anal.Acta,491 Sh. Chim. [2] M. F. (1999) A.Anal. Acta,384 Chim.Walcarius, 1. [1] References Blue Methylene 2]. [1, ( materials electrode composite of preparation the for matrices attractive as them recommend mediators redox different immobilize to ability Zeolites Both electrodes exhibit improved stability and good electrocatalytic activity toward toward activity electrocatalytic good and stability improved exhibit electrodes Both wereestimated. H

Department of Physical Chemistry,”Babes-Bolyai” University, 400028 Cluj-Napoca,ofPhysicalChemistry,”Babes-Bolyai”University, ROMANIA Department MB 2 Green- modiﬁedzeoliteincorporated incarbonpasteas Green- modified Green- zeolite incorporated in carbonpaste as O Department ofPhysicalChemistry,”Babes-Bolyai” University, 400028Cluj-Napoca,ROMANIA Comparative studyofMethyleneBlue-and Comparative study Methyleneof Blue- Methyleneand (as redox mediators), a synthetic zeolite (as immobilization support) and carbon and support) immobilization (as zeolite synthetic a mediators), redox (as 2 ad ehln Gen ( Green Methylene and ) mediated electro-reduction. mediatedelectro-reduction. Codruta Varodi, L. Abodi, Delia Gligor, I. C. Popescu, Liana M. Muresan M. Liana Popescu, C. I. Gligor, Delia L.Abodi, Varodi, Codruta I / µA Codruta Varodi, L. Abodi, Delia Gligor, -20 20 80-0 400 0 -400 -800

0 amperometric transducers for H of NADH [3]. amperometric transducers for H E / mV s o te eeoeeu eeto tase ad h tase cefcet ( coefficients transfer the and transfer electron heterogeneous the of ) 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th vs. Ag/AgCl/KCl

sat

MG *[email protected] MB-Z-CPEs *[email protected] ) are water-soluble cationic dies with the redox redox the with dies cationic water-soluble are ) in phosphate buffer. Experimental conditions: conditions: mV -800 Experimental potential, starting buffer. phosphate in electrolyte, 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 5.0. 5.0. pH buffer, phosphate M 0.1 electrolyte, Cyclic voltammograms for for voltammograms Cyclic oeta sa rt, 0 mVs 10 rate, scan potential

or or I. C.Popescu, MG-Z-CPEs

2 2 O O Liana M.Muresan 2 2 detection detection ), were prepared. Their Their prepared. were ), MB-Z-CPEs MB-Z-CPEs vs. Ag/AgCl/KCl -1 ; supporting supporting ; recorded recorded * * MB sat or  ; ; ) ) used for multianalyte monitoring both in qualitative and quantitative ways (see (see ways quantitative and figurebelow). qualitative in both monitoring multianalyte for used be could SECM with combined microstructures enzyme So, solution. surrounding the in concentration analyte the to proportional be to found was tip SECM the with measured currents the of amplitude The substrate. specific their of presence the in glucose immobilized current) increased of (as visualized be pattern could enzyme each a oxidase, lactate or oxidase over mode, feedback in operated and modified the surface above placed diameter), µm (25 microelectrode Pt-ultra a Scanning enzymatic The glutaraldehyde. best. using surface gold onthe immobilised were structures the be to found was gold the gold), Pt, glass, carbon, glassy References: References: and (Romania) 6/89-2005 TD CNCSIS financialsupport. for HPRN-CT-2002-00186 project acknowledge NovTech gratefully authors The obtained by micro-dispensing technology and were visualized using SECM to to SECM using H visualized produced enzymatic were the detect and technology micro-dispensing by obtained Linear enzymatic microstructures with typical dimensions of 100 100 of dimensions typical with microstructures enzymatic amperometric Linear micro-patterned in of chemistries sensing visualization as [1]. biosensors lactate and glucose and used fabrication architectures the biosensor complex aims work present The ar uean Mure Laura pseudo reference pseudo (from 0.1 to 2.5 mM). Experimental conditions: E conditions: Experimental mM). 2.5 to 0.1 concentration (from glucose increasing for surface, gold a on deposited line, oxidase H Laura Mure a 2 Department of Physical Chemistry, “Babe -Bolyai” University, Cluj-Napoca, -Bolyai” University, Romania ofPhysical Chemistry, “Babe Department O 1.

I (nA) a 2 Department ofPhysicalChemistry, “Babeş-Bolyai”University, Cluj-Napoca,Romania Glucose and GlucoseLactate and Biomonitoring Scanningby Glucose andLactateBiomonitoringbyScanning oxidation currents ( currents oxidation -0.1

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 b Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, 22100 Lund,SwedenAnalyticalChemistry,University, 22100 Lund of Department 0 0 0 0 001200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 M. Niculescu, S. Gaspar, A. Schulte, E. Csöregi, W. Schuhmann, Schuhmann, W. Csöregi, E. Schulte, A. Gaspar, 1175. (2004) 19 Biosens&Bioelectron, S. Niculescu, M. b Department of Analytical Chemistry, LundUniversity, 22100Lund,Sweden 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th ş Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) an Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) * * Distance ( Distance a,b a,b

, Mihaela Nistor Mihaela , , Mihaela Nistor µ µ µ µ m) A e-mail: e-mail: e-mail: [email protected] ) and calibration curve ( curve calibration and ) A 2.5 mM 2.5 1 mM 1 2 [email protected] O b b , S. Gáspár S. , , 2 . S. Gáspár

Among all the modified surfaces (graphite, (graphite, surfaces modified the all Among

I (nA) b -0.1 b 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 , Elisabeth Csöregi Elisabeth , , ...... 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 Elisabeth Csöregi B Glucose concentration (mM) appl B = + 600 mV 600 + = ) obtained over a glucose glucose a over obtained )

R y = 0.593x- 0.066 2 = 0.9580; N = 10 b b , I. C. Popescu C. I. , , vs. I. C.Popescu Ag/AgCl µ m were were m

a a S2·P-85

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-86 electrolysis. system flow a PFILin of application polyelectrolyte for supporting electrolytes-free electrochemistry. solid promising a it made which electrode, the on immobilized was species organic with high ion conductivity and good compatibility towards a number of inorganic and PFILa Such succeeded. was electrochemistry electrolytes-free supporting for (PFIL) liquid ionic polyelectrolyte-functionalized a on based approach new a Furthermore, of NADH,whichwasneverreportedconcerningtheelectrocatalysisILs. enzymology, non-aqueous chemistry, analytical devices, preparation offunctionalnanostructures,theirimmobilization, ionic catalysis, of synthesis, for emerge to chemical fabrications started have on ILs recently, More focused solvents. “green” as been separation and have investigations initial The windows. electrochemical broad and conductivity ionic high stabilities, thermal and volatility,low as non-flammability,such chemical features high their to due interests As low melting organic salts, ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted an increasing amount of immobilized PFIL exhibited the direct electrocatalysis activity towards the oxidation the towards activity electrocatalysis direct PFILthe immobilized exhibited ionic liquids by using polyelectrolyte as carrier (PFIL) of was immobilization achieved. facile the So, carrier. as As polyelectrolyte examples, of the aid the with substrates casting, etc. Therefore, it would be helpful for us to immobilize IL facilely on general assembly (LbL) layer-by-layer electrophoresis, as such methods various through substrates many onto immobilized easily be could polyelectrolyte that noted was It lcrceity sc a eetohmcl ytei, o aayi, ul el and cells fuel analysis, flow synthesis, electrochemical investigation as such electrochemistry, This electrolyte-free system. supporting the of field the in way significant (HPLC-ECD) and new a pave would detection HPLC-electrochemical and detection the electrochemical electrolyte-free supporting the for area new a bring Polyelectrolyte-Functionalized ionicliquidsandtheir State KeyLaboratoryofElectroanalytical Chemistry, ChangchunInstituteof Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy ofSciences,Changchun130022,P.R. applications toelectroanalytical chemistry 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Yuanjian Zhang, * [email protected] was also achieved, also was Yanfei Shen, Li Niu suggest etc that PFILwould that ing And, the successful . China

and lcrceia oiain n te eciiy ih ueoie no, O anion, the superoxide work with present the reactivity In the effect. and part blood-pressure-lowering in oxidation least at the electrochemical seems effect of This DHPs. independent of characteristic trials structural clinical related intrinsic its are of with apparently which results explains actions, and antiatherosclerotic of exert which models 1,4-DHPs body that experimental support large muscle, several a Additionally, from smooth obtained hypertension. vascular evidence arterial the the in of application therapeutic contraction the modulates 1. References: significant a produced constants. rate ring kinetic the in increase DHP the on 4-position the of group hydroxyphenyl an of inclusion the Finally, observed. were nm 450 at signal new a of appearance the and nm 350 at absorption original the in decrease A shown. is anion technique superoxide of mM 0.5 of flow the presence stopped the in In 4-phenyl-1,4-DHP mM 0.05 radicals. of reactivity with the the of time-course the withfigure, reacted assembled significantly 1,4-DHPs detector tested the that array demonstrated UV-Vis by diode the followed with on anion 3- superoxide Results spectroscopy with conditions. 1,4-DHPs these synthesized (phenyl, the under of oxidized reactivity 1,4-DHPs irreversibly were compounds hidroxyphenyl the that concluded was it rates sweep C-4 different at studies voltammetry cyclic by the From new some reported. is 4-hydroxyphenyl) hydoxyphenyl, of dimethylsulfoxide 1050761 and DI (University of of (University Fondecyt partially DI Chile). Project and been 1050761 by has supported work This 2. to their modulation of the slow L type Ca type L slow the of modulation their to due therapy, cardiovascular in used widely been have (1,4-DHPs) 1,4-dihydropyridines Bioelectrochemistry Laboratory, Chemical &Pharmaceutical Sciences University Laboratory, of Bioelectrochemistry Chemical Faculty, Electrochemical oxidation reactivity and superoxide with

(2) (2003) 292-296. 292-296. (2003) (2) and J. A. Squella. Squella. A. J. and Núñez-Vergara J. L. Ortiz, E. M. 2459-2468. . Chem Med. Bioorg. A. J. Núñez-Vergara.. J. J. L. and Valenzuela, Squella V. C. López-Alarcón, camargo, C. Yañez, C. superoxide anionofsomenewC-4hydroxyphenyl 1,4- Bioelectrochemistry Laboratory, Chemical &PharmaceuticalSciencesFaculty, Universityof Luis J. Núñez-Vergara* LuisJ. Luis J.Núñez-Vergara* Electrochemical oxidation andreactivity with anion anion someof new C-4 hydroxyphenyl 1,4- 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th dihydropyridines indimethylsulfoxide dihydropyridines in dimethylsulfoxide hr. Res Pharm. Chile, P. O. Santiago,P. Box CHILE. 233 Chile, Chile, P. O.Box233Santiago,CHILE. 12 , M.López,R.Salazar, P. Navarrete.,J.A.Squella (2004) (2004) , M. López, R. Salazar, P. Navarrete., J.A. Squella Squella J.A. Navarrete., P. R.Salazar, López, M. , lnunezvz lnunezvz . . 20

@ @ Absorbance 1 1 ciq.uchile.cl ciq.uchile.cl 0,00 0,05 0,10 0,15 0,20 0,25 0,30 0,35 0,40 0,45 2+

channels. By this mechanism, 1,4-DHPs 1,4-DHPs mechanism, this By channels. 5 0 5 0 550 500 450 400 350 λ

/ nm 2 •- in in S2·P-87

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-88 the in composition solution changes reaction electrode an field, gravity a Under the change in the partial molar volume volume molar partial the in change the case of a redox reaction, reaction, redox a of case where where ofiins esrd n opr euto i CuCl in reduction copper in measured coefficients aaee itisc o h rato i cluae. o a rvt fed etcl o an to vertical field gravity a For calculated. is by expressed is density current thelimiting-diffusion surface, electrode reaction non-dimensional the the a from coefficient, to arising density intrinsic a current parameter Then, diffusion measured. electrode, firstly gravity is flow the convective Using potentiostat. a by controlled externally is rotor a around revolving arm an on attached cell electrolysis An acceleration. gravity natural than higher times 100 accelerations gravitational provide easily can which force, gravity a as force centrifugal a utilizing system electrode an 1, Fig. in shown as is, electrode Gravity field. gravity high a in convection using electrode gravity by sensitivity higher in detected be can therefore, which, reactant, and between product states solvation in change convective the reflects a density solution induces in change density Such solution flow. varied that so electrode, an of neighbourhood 1 2 ) ( ) ( *DepartmentEnvironmentalof Engineering, Yamagata College Industryof Technology, and Matsuei,2-2-1 3 Department Chemistry,of Nagaoka UniversityTechnology,of 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940- γ γ Examination Solvationof Process with Gravity Electrode Department Productof Design, Polytechnic University, 4-1-1Hashimotodai, Sagamihara,Kanagawa 229- 2 *Department ofEnvironmental Engineering,Yamagata CollegeofIndustryandTechnology, 2-2-1 lim lim 1 2 Tohoku PolytechnicCollege Akita, 6-1,Ougida-Machishita,Odate-shi, Akita 017-0805,Japan Department ofChemistry, NagaokaUniversityofTechnology, 1603-1Kamitomioka,Nagaoka, is the density coefficient in the limiting diffusion. From the obtained value of value obtained the From diffusion. limiting the in coefficient density the is orsod o h ratos Cu reactions, the to correspond 3 1 Department ofProduct Design,PolytechnicUniversity, 4-1-1Hashimotodai,Sagamihara, Tohoku Polytechnic CollegeAkita, Ougida-Machishita,6-1, Odate-shi, Akita 017-0805,Japan A v  i Examination ofSolvationProcess withGravity  is a constant, constant, a is lim = 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th A v ) ( Y. Oshikiri* Y. γ Y. Oshikiri* 1/3 lim Matsuei, Yamagata-shi, Yamagata 990-2473,Japan α α 1/3 is the gravity acceleration, acceleration, gravity the is C Yamagata-shi,Yamagata 990-2473, Japan * [email protected] [email protected] * ∆ s V * [email protected] (1) (1) , M. Sato M. , s ie by given is , Kanagawa 229-1196, Japan M. Sato Niigata 940-2188,Japan Electrode 2+ 1196, 1196, Japan 2188, 2188, Japan 1 , A. Yamada , ∆ 1

, V → A. Yamada during the reaction is calculated; e.g., in the the in e.g., calculated; is reaction the during ∆ Cu V = + − n Cu and ) ( γ lim 2 2 and R. Aogaki R. and andR. Aogaki / C C s s . Figure 2 shows the density density the shows 2 Figure . is the bulk concentration and and concentration bulk the is 2+ 2 +KCl solution. solution. +KCl

→ Cu 0 , respectively. For For respectively. , 3 3

) ( γ 1 lim ) ( and and γ lim , ,

. M NaNO M 0.5 1144. (2003) 12 Chem., Anal. J. Budnikov, G.K. Tikhonova, L.N. Ziganshina, S.A. Shaidarova, L.G. [2] 1. (1984) 219 J., Biochem. Gutteridge, M.C. Halliwell, B. [1] 1 RuHCF were electrodeposited onto glassy carbon (GC) electrodes by cycling the the cycling by of electrodes Films (GC) s mV 100 described. at V carbon 1.2 to 0.0 between glassy are potential onto guanine/guanosine electrodeposited of were RuHCF oxidation electrocatalytical the on electrode modified RuHCF a of properties electrochemical the work real-time this in end, this moiety. To guanine at the in monitor transformations chemical to by caused ability damages DNA with conditions sensors electrochemical for is there interest Hence, [1]. continuous species oxygen reactive by processes attack by or radiation base/nucleoside ionizing DNA involving oxidized easily most the are Guanine/guanosine guanosine. guanine, electrocatalysis, films, hexacyanoferrate Ruthenium Keywords: deposited film was investigated in supporting electrolyte solutions and the current current the and solutions electrolyte supporting in investigated was film deposited a RuHCF microelectrode. microelectrode. RuHCF a using by cells single in processes damage DNA study to order in parameters analytical material the by of evaluation the to restrained directed be will investigations Further surface. GC not the on deposited is propagation currents charge that and electrocatalytic film the substrate However, into the penetrates that indication films. an is which films, thicker thicker at increased V at 1.1 at measured observed also was behaviour Electrocatalytical Oxidation Guanineof Guanosineand at cd i a .M NaNO 0.5M a in (a,b,c) (c,d) GC guaninemM 1 and (b,d) guanosine 1mM of modified presence and (a) absence the RuHCF in electrodes (d) and bare of voltammetry Cyclic 1. Figure solution.Scan rate= mV/s. 100 Electrocatalytical Oxidation ofGuanineandGuanosine at a a Instituto de Química, Universidade de Sãode SãoUniversidade Paulo, 05508-900, Paulo, Química, SP de Brazil Instituto

Instituto deQuímica,UniversidadeSãoPaulo,SP 05508-900, Brazil Ruthenium Hexacyanoferrate (RuHCF) modified RutheniumHexacyanoferrate(RuHCF)modiﬁed 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th 3 00 M C, m RuCl mM 1 HCl, M 0.05 , Thiago R.L.C.Paix Thiago R.L. C.Paixão Thiago 3 00M HCl 0.05M + *[email protected] *[email protected] *[email protected] electrode electrode

and the limiting current did not increase increase not did with linearly current limiting the and performed were electrode disk rotating with anodic are guanosine studies Hydrodynamic solution. the and to the added guanine when process of The electrocatalytic an to attributed is conditions. component enhancement alkaline at current stable not is film The Ru(III)/Ru(IV)[2]. and Fe(II)/Fe(III) poorly involving processes anodic consecutive the to are assigned are only electrolyte supporting in V 1.11 substrates and 0.85 at peaks bare anodic The oxidized. At both electrodes. electrodes GC|RuHCF and GC voltammetric bare at guanosine the and guanine shows of responses 1 Figure cycles. potential 15 after % 4 than less was decrease electron-transfer process and a similar similar a and the in process limitation kinetic electron-transfer a suggests This rates. rotation higher at evidenced more being 3 ã -1 n 1M Fe(CN) 1mM and o (15 cycles) in a fresh solution containing containing solution fresh a in cycles) (15 , , Mauro Bertotti*, Bertotti*, Mauro , Mauro Bertotti*  1/2 , the deviation from linearity linearity from the , deviation 6 3- . The stability of the the of stability The .

S2·P-89

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-90

[1] Viel,F.;[1] P.;Derf, F.; Sall Le Lyskawa,Descours, and C.; S.; J. Bureau, Palacin, followed andattestedbyIRspectroscopyEQCMmethod. are cycles Switch-on/switch-off electrode. the of vicinity the only affects that effect polymer the electrochemical the by unchanged left of is medium external the of pH the because film properties complexing the “switch-on”) (or restore to necessary is the film from the basic form of pyridine to pyridinium. Interestingly, no buffer washing “inside” the polymer electro- film. This allows a “switch-off” of the complexing properties of i.e. moderate electrode the of Applying vicinity the groups. in conditions acidic chelating generates conditions sensitive oxidizing pH on based is medium aqueous for in expulsion copper the of triggering electrical for strategy properties Our ions. copper chelating have films polymer those poly-4-vinylpyridine groups by pyridine to covered Due (P4VP). surface conducting a by composed filters active on captured were ions metal Heavy process. depolluting the of stage regeneration) (or expulsion the at reagents chemical of use the avoid to ideally or limit to is goal final The 2]. [1, stage expulsion the of control electrical and phenomena adsorption through » strategy surface « a on based solution alternative Wean reagents. propose volumes of secondary effluents coming from the washings of the resins with chemical trapped the effluents from the resins and the regeneration of the resins for further use create of wide separation The concentrations. low very reach to order in effluents, water-based of treatment the in step secondary as used often is resins on Absorption [2] Lyskawa, J.; Le Derf, F.; Levillain E.; Mazari M.; Sallé, M.; Dubois L.; Viel,P.;L.; Dubois M.; Sallé, M.; Mazari E.; F.;Levillain Derf, Le Lyskawa,J.; [2] 2 1 CIMMA, UMRCNRS6200,Universitéd’Angers,2BldLavoisier, F-49045 Angers Cedex,France Chimie desSurfacesetInterfaces,CEA-SaclayBât466,DSM-DRECAM-SPCSI,F-91 New concepttoremove heavy metalsfrom liquidwaste based onelectrochemical pH-switchable immobilized Bureau C.andPalacin,S. M. Applied SurfaceScience P. Viel* 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th 1 , L.Dubois J. Am. Chem.Soc sur Yvette Cedex,France 1 2003, , J.Lyskawa *[email protected] ligands. 212 , 792-796. 1,2 , M. Sallé 2004, 126 2 and , 12194-12195. S. Palacin 1 191 Gif é , with self-contained electrodes (wall microelectrode at 8 8 at microelectrode (wall electrodes self-contained with We report the development of rapid, sensitive, portable, low-cost, and reliable reliable and low-cost, portable, 50- of 1) sensitive,(Figure chips microarray involving rapid, of technology our using applications medical for detection development electrochemical with bioassays the report We electrode at 2 x 10 x 2 at electrode

biomarker CA 125 and TADG 14. We will describe efforts toward portability and and portability cancer toward efforts describe will ovarian We laboratories. andresearch in hospitals, clinics, use will allow that automation 14. TADG and of 125 solid CA the biomarker capture on results preliminary phase-immunoassay include will We results in the detection and quantification of the the signal of quantification to and preliminary detection pathogen capture our the present in from also results time will We assay generation. total have ~30 a we min in IgG Anti-PA electrode, ng/mL 50 as low detecting as detected the as microcavity ireetoe nie h 50- the inside microelectrode from anthracis IgG) (anti-PA antigen protective against the antibodies of detection the for results Initial sample. single froma analytes to different probes capture or antibodies monoclonal using by format assay array an in analyte multiple or analyte single a either detect can assay LOC microcavity. microelectrochemical the self-contained in The microelectrodes the of sensitivity the and DNA and/or antibodies selected of specificity high the integrate will microelectrochemical that platforms assay self-contained (LOC) lab-on-a-chip into chips microarray the convert to is goal Our limits. detection zeptomole and signals background lower exhibit cavity the in microelectrodes used The nL. volume 100 is smallest date to The microarray the incubation. with substrate after s 30 in signal first the showing response rapid a for proximity close provides electrode detecting TNB the to distance

Medical Medical Applications Technologyof Sensor a Using a Medical Applications ofaSensor Technology Usinga Microarray of 50- Microarray of50- Vegrandis, LLC, 535 W. Research Ctr. Blvd. LLC, Fayetteville, Ctr. Suite 13., W.Research AR 535 72701 Vegrandis, will be discussed. Using the TNB TNB the Using discussed. be will Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium Vegrandis, LLC,535W. Research Ctr. Blvd.Suite13.,Fayetteville, AR 72701 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Zoraida P. Aguilar*, Prabhu Arumugam, and Mali Sirisena Sirisena Mali Arumugam,and Aguilar*,Prabhu P. Zoraida Zoraida P. Aguilar*, Prabhu Arumugam, and -5 cm Self-containedElectrochemistry Self-contained Electrochemistry 2 ). When the RMD is converted into a capture surface, the 4-um 4-um the surface, capture a into converted is RMD the When ). [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] µ µ µ µ μm Diameter Microcavities with that causes malaria. malaria. causes that mDiameterMicrocavities with µ m diameter diameter m

µ m diameter microcavities (depth of 8 8 of (depth microcavities mdiameter Bacillus Bacillus embedded microelectrodes. the shows SEM microcavities. irary f 50- of themicroarray having chip The 1. Figure Mali Sirisena µ m 2 and bottom microdisk microdisk bottom and

µ diameter m

µ m) S2·P-91

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-92 Vasile Coman 1 2 Department of Physical Chemistry,”Babes-Bolyai” University, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, ROMANIA, 400028ROMANIA, Cluj-Napoca, ofPhysicalChemistry,”Babes-Bolyai”University, Department Department of Organic Chemistry,”Babes-Bolyai” University, 400028Chemistry,”Babes-Bolyai” Cluj-Napoca,of Organic University, ROMANIA Department following sequence: AsF sequence: following los agn te idn srnt between strength binding the ranging allows potential formal standard the of value The anions. different selectively bind to ability h vlamti rsos o the of response voltammetric The H In this context, the electrochemical behavior of a new organometallic compound, compound, organometallic new a ( of meso–tetraferrocenyl–tetramethylcalix[4]pyrrole behavior electrochemical the context, this In [3]. anions different bind selectively to wereproved ring, calix[4]pyrrole amine a to attached unit ferrocene ferrocene one containing and Recently, calix[4]pyrroles on based compounds, [2]. electrochemistry supramolecular in interest great of are [1] ferrocene as such groups active electrochemically containing receptors Anion [3] P. A. Gale, M. B. Hursthouse, M. E.Light, J. L. Sessler, C. N. Warriner, R. Warriner, N. C. L. Sessler, J. E.Light, M. Hursthouse, B. M. A. Gale, P. [3] Wiley Electrochemistry”, “Supramolecular Gomez-Kaifer, M. A.Kaifer, E. 176. (2003) 240 Rev., Chem. Hayes, Coordin. E.J. D. Beer, P. [2] [1] References CEEX-05-D11-42-2005. project the under support financial for (Romania) CNCSIS acknowledge gratefully authors The [4] V. Coman, S. Lozovanu, L. Silaghi-Dumitrescu, I. A. Silberg, L. Muresan, I. I. L.Muresan, Silberg, A. I. L.Silaghi-Dumitrescu, Lozovanu, S. Coman, V. [4] voltammetry measurements were used to examine the examine to used were measurements voltammetry dissolved dissolved The influence of the anion nature on the the on nature anion the of influence The pHs and potential scan rates), and in the presence of various anions(F various of presence the in and rates), scan potential and pHs concentrations, anion materials, electrode (different conditions experimental different Redox-switched anionbindingofmeso–tetraferrocenyl–t 1 Redox-switched bindinganion ofmeso–tetraferrocenyl– 2 2 Department ofPhysicalChemistry,”Babes-Bolyai” University, 400028Cluj-Napoca, Department ofOrganic Chemistry,”Babes-Bolyai” University, 400028Cluj-Napoca, I / µA PO -20 20 40 Vasile Coman 0 0200020406081.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.2 4 - , ClO , S. Zimmerman, Tetrahedron Lett Tetrahedron Zimmerman, S. 2003. York, New &Sons, C. Popescu, Journées d’Electrochimie 2005, Saint Malo, 5-8 SaintMalo, 2005, d’Electrochimie Journées Popescu, C. FC NO ClO 1 4 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th , Liana Muresan Liana , , - E / mV , AsF ,

and (ii) immobilized immobilized (ii) and 3 4 - -

1 , 6 - Liana Muresan , NO , vs. tetramethylcalix[4]pyrrole etramethylcalix[4]pyrrole ECS 6 3 - < ClO < - ). ). 1 * , Luminita Silaghi-Dumitrescu Luminita , *[email protected] [email protected] 4 - < SO < 1 FC

, FC Luminita Silaghi-Dumitrescu Popescu by adsorption on different electrode materials. materials. electrode ondifferent adsorption by mdfe gaht eetoe eel the reveals electrode graphite -modified 4 p voltammetric the on of response influence Anion potential, -0.2 V vs. SCE; 0.1 M Na M 0.1 vs. SCE; V -0.2 potential, xeietl conditions Experimental working electrode, spectral graphite; graphite; spectral electrode, working 2- . otential scan rate, 50 mV/s; initial initial mV/s; 50 rate, scan otential < Br < , 42 (2001) 6759. 6759. (2001) 42 ,

* redox behavior was studied using: (i) (i) using: studied was behavior redox FC 1 - < F < and the investigated anions in the the in anions investigated the and FC - < NO < FC ) [4], was investigated. Cyclic Cyclic investigated. was [4], ) FC dissolved in DMSO. inDMSO. dissolved

electrochemical response in in response electrochemical 3 - < H < 2 , Ionel Catalin Popescu Catalin Ionel , 2 PO 2 , : : Ionel Catalin 4 th - - < Cl < July 2005. July 2005. Cl , FC - 1 mM; mM; 1 , Br , ROMANIA ROMANIA - . . + salts. - , SO , FC

4 , 2- * , , 1

Education, funded by 25% from national sources and by 75% from the European European the from 75% by and sources (ESF). Fund national Social from 25% by funded Education, Ptaoa I “Pythagoras program the of framework the in Union European the by co-funded was research This development of EIS Impedimetric Immunosensors is presented. presented. is Immunosensors Impedimetric EIS of development into integrated easily more be sensors. to implanted controlled microprocessor- or tools diagnostic multi-array ability Impedance its of and Electrochemical needed) is labeling (no these, simplicity Among attractive. of interms especially methods, mostpowerful ofthe one represents (EIS) Spectroscopy particularly is interactions riig o te 3 the of Training” Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, DepartmentofChemistry, UniversityofIoannina,45110- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, UniversityofChemistry,of Analytical 45110-Laboratory Ioannina,Department of

Here, a brief report on the work done in our laboratory regarding the the regarding laboratory our in done work in details: presented willbe followingpoints The the on report brief a Here, antibody-antigen of monitoring direct the targeting methods of development The 1) 3) 2) Mamantos I.Prodromidis Mamantos I. Prodromidis I. Mamantos

Development ofabloodtypingimpedimetric poly-tyramine glassy carbon electrodes. electrodes. glassycarbon poly-tyramine on undecanoate based Immunosensors Impedimetric Faradaic of study and Development Dithiobis(succinimidyl) on SAM’s. or 11-amino-1-undecanethiol on based Immunosensors Impedimetric Faradaic of study and Development Analytical performance of the above-modified electrodes on blood-typing blood-typing on tests. electrodes above-modified the of performance Analytical DEVELOPMENT OF A BLOOD TYPING 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th  IMPEDIMETRIC IMMUNOSENSOR ” of the “Operational Program for Education and Initial Vocational Vocational Initial and Education for Program “Operational the of ” rd Community Support Framework of the Hellenic Ministry of of Ministry Hellenic the of Framework Support Community immunosensor , , Aikaterini G. Mantzila, Constantina Malamou Malamou Constantina Mantzila, G. Aikaterini , *[email protected] *[email protected] *[email protected] Aikaterini G.Mantzila, Ioannina, GREECE Ioannina, GREECE Ioannina,GREECE

Constantina Malamou

S2·P-93

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-94 Education, funded by 25% from national sources and by 75% from the European European the from 75% by and sources (ESF). Fund national Social from 25% by funded Education, analytical tool for the development of sensor devices in a wide variety of of sensorpresented. is ozone animpedimetric of development variety wide a in devices development. sensor for transducers coated polymer- at versatile of place sensor construction successful taking the to phenomena led of has degradation substrates polymer-coated of study development the recently, the More configurations. for tool analytical riig o te 3 the of Training” Ptaoa I “Pythagoras program the of framework the in Union European the by co-funded was research This Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, UniversityofChemistry,of Analytical 45110-Laboratory Ioannina,Department of DEVELOPMENT OF AN IMPEDIMETRIC OZONE Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, DepartmentofChemistry, UniversityofIoannina,45110- Here, a brief report on the work done in our laboratory regarding the the regarding laboratory our in done work in details: presented willbe followingpoints The the on report brief a Here, useful a as emerged has (EIS), Spectroscopy Impedance Electrochemical 1) 2)

Development ofanimpedimetricozonesensor eeomn ad esn promne f n lcrplmrzd poly- electropolymerized an of electrode. performance carbon glassy eugenol sensing and Development eeomn ad esn promne f lgi (raoov r alkali)– or (organosolv electrodes. gold and carbon glassy modified lignin a of performance sensing and Development 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th  ” of the “Operational Program for Education and Initial Vocational Vocational Initial and Education for Program “Operational the of ” Mamantos I. Prodromidis* I. Mamantos Mamantos I.Prodromidis*

rd Community Support Framework of the Hellenic Ministry of of Ministry Hellenic the of Framework Support Community *[email protected] *[email protected] *[email protected] Ioannina, GREECE Ioannina,GREECE Ioannina, GREECE SENSOR

, Dimitrios V. Stergiou V.Stergiou , Dimitrios , Dimitrios V. Stergiou

hydroquinone and quinone has same value of E of value same has quinone and hydroquinone of voltammograms result onour Based . ofpHthe value same with solutions unbuffered [3] salt ofthe fraction mole as well as concentration ion hydrogen the of function a is that error" that"salt indicate obtained by the hydrogen electrode over the range investigated. But in unbuffered unbuffered in pH But ( investigated. solutions range the over those electrode with hydrogen agreement the by good obtained in values gives electrode the that concluded solutions, 1 solutions of pH values ranging from 3.6 to 7.2 to buffered 3.6 from weakly ranging values to pH of electrode solutions the of applicability the testing solutions. in buffered well Bosch on and done Kolthoff being work the of most out, carried been has use, its limit which factors the and applicability of range its determine to work experimental solution E solution [3] James L. Gabbard; L.Gabbard; James [3] [1] I.M. Kolthoff, E.F. Orlemann ; ; Orlemann I.M.Kolthoff, [1] E.F. Reference in base KCl aqueous as or such solutions aqueous inert acid weak of basicity or acidity of investigation for used are result These solution in exists that acid or base strongest the of acidity and is basicity on peak dependent the of potential 5-8 of range pH with solution unbuffered In potential. wave [1] R.J. R.J. Best; [1] Electrochemical Applicationstudyand of Quinone/Hydroquinone redox In this work we show that the response of quinhydrone is different in buffered and and buffered in different is quinhydrone of response the that show we work this In ic te nrdcin f h qihdoe lcrd b Bimn a ra da of deal great a Biilmann by electrode quinhydrone the of introduction the Since Hydroquinone redox inunbuffered aqueoussolutions Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bu-Ali-Sina, Hamadan, Bu-Ali-Sina, UniversityFacultyof IranChemistry,Science, of Department of Electrochemical studyand Application ofQuinone/ Department ofChemistry, FacultyofScience,UniversityBu-Ali-Sina,Hamadan,Iran 1/2 of hydroquinone has a significant difference (0.35 V) with quinone half half quinone with V) (0.35 difference significant a has hydroquinone of 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th J. Phys. Chem Phys. J. > 5 ) the electrode gives erroneous values [1]. Also some literatures literatures some Also [1]. values erroneous gives electrode the ) 5 J. Am. Chem. Soc.; Am. Chem. J. in unbufferedaqueous solutions .; .; M. Rafiee, M. M. Raﬁee, 1930 J. Am. Chem. Soc.; Chem. Am. J. ; 34(8); 1815. 1815. ; 34(8); * * [email protected] [email protected] D. Nematollahi*, Nematollahi*, D.

1947 Nematollahi 1/2 ; , , 69 in buffered solution but in unbuffered unbuffered in solution but in buffered prepared by diluting the usual buffer buffer usual the diluting by prepared (3); 533. (3); r

1941 * ; 63 (3); 664-667 664-667 (3); S2·P-95

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-96 evidence that cobalt phthalocyanine can be used to detect micromolar levels of H principle of proof provides data The medium. culture tissue in successfully should operate biosensor the that indicating 7.3 pH at buffer phosphate 0.25M in obtained [1] S. Young, J. P. Hart, A. A Downman, D. C. Cowell (2001). The Non-specific The (2001). Cowell C. D. Downman, A A. Hart, P. J. Young,S. [1] biological system. range the over (H peroxide hydrogen of production the via monitored and linked be can biomarkers these that shown been has It toxicity. cellular of markers as dehydrogenase lactate and lactate, metabolites cellular the of toxicological analysis. The biosensor system should allow continuous measurements in application for biosensors screen-printed novel develop to is study this of aim The measurements may be performed continuously without significant perturbation of the toxicity that so electrode, working the miniaturise to underway is research Current their ability to detect H detect to ability their given investigated been have phthalocyanine cobalt electrocatalyst the incorporating 3 SchoolofChemicalEngineeringand Analytical Science,FacultyofEngineeringandPhysical 1 Studies Towards aNovelElectrochemical Biosensor Bioelectronics, 16,887-894. Towards the Development of Electrochemical Biosensor Arrays. Biosensors and Biosensors Arrays. Biosensor Electrochemical of Development Towardsthe System model a of Pollutants: AStudy Environmental by Enzymes of Inhibition Centre forResearch in Analytical, Materials,SensorsScience,Facultyof Applied Sciences, F. J.Rawson System for Real-Time MonitoringofIn-Vitro Cell 2 Biomedical Science,UniversityofHertfordshire, Hatfield,UK † 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Corresponding Author Tel. +44117 3282469,Fax.+44117 3282904,

0M1M ih sniiiy f .2 A µM nA 0.92 of sensitivity a with 10µM-1mM 1 University oftheWest ofEngland,Bristol, BS161QYUK , D. C.Cowell Sciences, UniversityofManchester, Manchester, UK 2 O 2 . These devices demonstrate that H that demonstrate devices These . E-mail 1 , W. M.Purcell Toxicity [email protected] 2 O 2 ) [1]. Screen printed carbon electrodes carbon printed Screen [1]. ) 2 , J. Xu k 1 , P. Fielden 2 O -1 h rsls were results The . 2 can be determined be can 3 , J.P. Hart 1† 2 O 2 .

determination of perchlorate in the water samples and human urine with satisfactory with urine human and samples water the in perchlorate of determination in (1.2-12.5) range the for used was electrode electrodes. proposed reported The recent with independent comparison pH wide and (<5S) response fast especially have perchlorate selectivity over the wide variety of other anions. The developed electrode over the last few years. In this study the feasibility of a synthesized Ni(II) complex Ni(II) synthesized a of feasibility the study this substantially In years. few grown last the has over electrodes available of list the and selectivity, reasonable turbidity,or unaffectedcolor nondestructive, by contamination, range, dynamic wide no time, response short instrumentation, simple procedures, and preparation of ease ion-selective electrodes, as a simple method, has several advantages, for example time-consuming or need sophisticated speed, instruments. Potentiometric detection based on are susceptible to interference from different cationic or anionic species and are either methods these of most However,chromatography. ion and spectrometry absorption gravimetery,spectrophotometry,atomic titration, volumetric include methods These methods. instrumental and classical of variety a by indirectly or directly out carried of presence in urine and water other anions is of vital importance [3]. The determination of perchlorate ion has been driver water, ground as such samples different in perchlorate of determination the Thus, situations. industrial of variety wide a in and [2]. Such contamination is due to the perchlorate salts that are used in solid propellants [1] X. Huang , Y. Chai , R. Yuan , X. Wang , Q. Li Analytical Sciences 20 (2004) 20 Sciences Analytical Li Q. Wang, X. Yuan, R. , Y., Chai Huang X. [1] results. 1.0×10 BrO (Ni(DBM) and >1000 mg l has shown that chlorate and perchlorate anions research may be found at high concentrations (>50 [1].Recent carrier a (PVC) as chloride) complexes (vinyl different incorporating poly membranes plasticized using electrodes the on is concerning been have more recently selectivity involved ions membrane the of hydration a of energy which tree the by in controlled sequence, selectivity Hofmeister a displays always exchanger ion on based electrode membrane anion-selective traditional The 3 JI Kocwz M Hw-rn, rkOhe, Eccoei o Chemical of “Encyclopedia Krik-Othmer, Howe-Grant, M. Kroschwiz, J.I. [3] [2] B.E.LoganBiorem.J.2 (1998) 69. possesses very wide Nernestian potential linear range to perchlorate from 1.0×10 from perchlorate to range linear potential Nernestian wide very possesses f hs lcrd i a flos ClO follows: as is electrode sequence this selectivity of The anions. other to compared perchlorate toward selectivity membrane (PVC) was tested. The Ionophore has shown with enhanced potentiometric Membrane Electrode BasedonBis(dibenzoylmethanato) 1185. Technology”, 4thed.,vol.18, Wiley, New York, 1996,p.167. 3 Fast ResponseandSelectivePerchlorate Polymeric - > F > -1 M (0.138 μg ml μg (0.138 M - Department ofChemistry, IsfahanUniversityofTechnology 84156,I.R.IRAN > Cl > * Tel.: +98311 3913268;fax:+98311 3912350;E-mail:[email protected] 2 ) as a novel ionophore for the preparation of solid ion selective polymeric ion solid preparation of the for ionophore novel a as ) 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th nickel(II) ComplexasaNeutralcarrier - , which is a Hofmeister selectivity sequence. The proposed electrode proposed The sequence. selectivity Hofmeister a is which , -1 , respectively) in surface waters and ground waters around the world -1 -138 mg ml mg -138 B. Rezaei* 4 - SCN > -1 ), low detection limit (6.6×10 limit detection low ), and - V. Naﬁsi I > - CN > - ClO > 3 - NO > -7 3 - M) and good and M) Br > - SO > -6 3 to - > S2·P-97

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-98 n ihnlmn strtd ouin n i i psil t ipoe h lnaiy of linearity the improve to possible is it and solution saturated diphenylamine in electropolymerization by gold on obtained are films adherent and Stable sensing. pH The results obtained in this work of indicate that response PDPA potentiometric modified The electrodes polymer filmswasmeasuredinthepHrangeof0-10. cycles. are suitable 200 for and V, 0.60 and -0.1 limits, potential Best results were obtained with the following conditions: saturated monomer solution, of monomer concentration, upper potential limit and number of cycles were analyzed. for pH measurements, different experimental conditions were employed. The influence monomer. In order to obtain homogeneous films, with good adherence and sensitivity calibration curvebymeansofanelectrochemicalconditioning treatment. HClO 3.7M deoxygenated a from electropolymerization by electrodes wire gold on deposited were PDPAfilms potentiometric pHresponse. the improve to as well as films adherent obtain to allow that discussed, are film the sensor is reported. Different experimental conditions for electrochemical synthesis of pH potentiometric a PDPAas of use of possibility the on study a work, present the In film. the PANIof N-substituted pKa the tune to possibly is it because derivatives, or substituted ring using range, pH different for sensors pH generate to possible is It as pHsensorsduetotheireaseofsynthesisandstabilityunderambientconditions. modified Chemically pH. for electrodes, sensors especially by new conducting polymer of justify films, have design that gained the considerable attention in disadvantages some interest increasing presents the it nevertheless used, widely most the is for the determination of pH; among them the potentiometric ones. The glass electrode developed been have technology.methods and Several science of fields numerous in The measurement and control of pH in different media are subjects of great importance Facultad deCienciasExactas,UniversidadNacionalLaPlata,Sucursal4,CasillaCorr Instituto deInvestigacionesFisicoquímicasTeóricas y Aplicadas, DepartamentodeQuímica, Application of polydiphenylamine (pdpa) films as Application ofpolydiphenylamine(pdpa)films 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th M. J.RodríguezPresa potentiometric phsensors 16, (1900),LaPlata, Argentina 4 ouin otiig vral cnetain f the of concentration variable a containing solution *mflorit@ inifta.unlp.edu.ar , D. Posadas, M. I.Florit* eo hs ok a prily upre b Poet rm odct 006 ad DI and 1050761 Fondecyt from Project by supported partially Chile). of (University was work This generated techniques intermediates possible chromatographic of formation used. and were process oxidation theduring the characterize ESR to spectroscopy, GC/MS) (HPLC, cyclic UV-Visible spectroscopic Also, like and employed pulse techniques were electrolysis) (differential potential methods controlled voltammetry, different characterization the For aprotic). electrochemical and mixed (protic, media electrolytic different in studied was DHPs 1,4- of electro-oxidation The ). Figure ( derivatives new two of electrode a carbon glassy on oxidation electrochemical the and synthesis the both report as we work, well-known present the are derivatives In its radicals. free by and caused stress oxidative the indol against CNS the of the protectors powerful context, this its In i.e. effects, effect. clinical and antioxidant pharmacological their to biological contribute other also exhibit which 4-DHPs 1, activities, that established been has pharmacologically it is addition, In which derivative, inactive. pyridine the a to rise From giving oxidation, hepatic effects. new deleterious by of biotransformation extensive less and fast search a undergo 4-DHPs with the 1, view, of point in metabolic applications structure, selective its more optimize and to therapeutic generated been the has of interest great treatment a the in compounds, used these of effects pharmacological widely the of discovery the been From hypertension.. have 4-DHPs) (1, 4-dihydropyridines 1, 1 Pallas. Pallas. References 2.- C. López-Alarcón, J. A. Squella, L. J. Núñez-Vergara, H. Baez and C. Camargo. Camargo. C. and Baez H. Spectrometry RCM Mass Núñez-Vergara, J. L. Squella, A. J. López-Alarcón, C. 2.- Bioelectrochemistry Laboratory, Chemical &University Sciences BioelectrochemistryLaboratory, Chemical Faculty, of Pharmaceutical Figure. Figure. O t E O t E O t E O t E Electrochemical Characterization ofnew4-indolyl1,4- ElectrochemicalCharacterization new 4-indolylof 1,4- 2, 6-dimethyl-3, 5-diethoxycarbonyl-4-(5-indolyl)-1, 4-DHP). 4-DHP). 5-diethoxycarbonyl-4-(5-indolyl)-1, 6-dimethyl-3, 2, Bioelectrochemistry Laboratory, Chemical &PharmaceuticalSciencesFaculty, Universityof A A Bioorg. Chem Bioorg. Ricardo Salazar Ricardo Ricardo Salazar O O O O H H H H (A) : 1.- R. Lavilla, T. Gotsens, M. C. Santano, J. Bosch, J. Camarasa, and M. M. and Camarasa, J. Bosch, J. Santano, C. M. Gotsens, T. Lavilla, R. 1.- : 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th N N N N 2, 6-dimethyl-3, 5-diethoxycarbonyl-4-(3-indolyl)-1, 4-DHP and and 4-DHP 5-diethoxycarbonyl-4-(3-indolyl)-1, 6-dimethyl-3, 2, N N N N H H H H . . 25 ., P. Navarrete. J. A. Squella J. Navarrete. P. ., (1997) 169-178. 169-178. (1997) , P. Navarrete. . . O O O O Chile, P. O. Box CHILE.P. O. 233 Santiago, Chile, 16 Chile, P. O.Box233Santiago,CHILE. (2002) 1-10. 1-10. (2002) t E O t E O t E O t E O dihydropyridines dihydropyridines ricsalaz ricsalaz J. A. Squella @ @ ciq.uchile.cl ciq.uchile.cl ciq.uchile.cl O t E O t E O t E O t E B B & & . L.J.Núñez-Vergara* . L. J. Núñez-Vergara* Núñez-Vergara* L. J. . O O O O N N N N N N N N H H H H H H H H O O O O t E O t E O t E O t E O (B)

S2·P-99

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-100 tanks. The results were compared with the one obtained by staircase anodic stripping anodic staircase by obtained one the with compared tanks. were results The copper in distillation by plums of fermentation after prepared traditionally drinks are alcoholic that in concentration Cu(II) of determination for used was sensor The in theabsenceofCu(II),whichrecommendsusebuffer solutions. the determine potential of to the sensor decreases with the increase of the pH, used both, in the presence The and Ca(II). Mg(II), was Cd(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), method Pb(II), Co(II), over interferent coefficient selectivity Fixed minute. 2,1 time response the financialsupport. for 6/2005) Matnantech CEEX grant (research MEC the to grateful are authors The Acknowledgements: voltammetry usinghangingmercurydropelectrode. 2,58x10 was detection of Limit sensor. paste carbon modified (w/w) 14,2% (BTBF) bis-phenyl-bis-thioureea using obtained were Bisthiourea, medium. results Best ionophores. studied aqueous the were bisthiourea bis-alyl-, bis-phenyl-, in phenyl-, copper(II) of measurements potentiometric for developed were derivatives bisthiourea with modified electrodes paste carbon Some University ofMedicineandPharmacy“IuliuHatieganu”,Faculty Modified carbonpasteion-selectiveelectrode for Analytical Chemistry, 4Pasteur400349Cluj-Napoca,[email protected] 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th S. Lotrean*, copper(ii) determination R. Sandulescu -6 o/, lp 3,1 Vdcd and mV/decade 33,91 slope mol/L, , L. Roman , Departmentof

effects of drugs added in solution. In some time the proposed criteria can be used in in used be can criteria proposed the time some In monitoring. surfaces nanostructurated solution. biocompatible in added drugs the of express others effects the and oxygen, dissolved physically the to due is second the reaction, reference as taken is reaction redox the of One multielectrode. redox the at simultaneously have equations occurring reactions of limitations diffusion this and transfer charge the estimated be may Further which deduced. by criteria two get been to and plots, Nyquist the performing have of way new a develop to permitted frequencies of domains extreme two in applicable diagrams Nyquist of equations parametric new approach, this on Based [3]. present MATNANTECH CEEX 6/2005) for the financial support. support. thefinancial for 6/2005) CEEX MATNANTECH grant Research(research and of Education Minister Romanian the authors thank The Acknowledgements: [2] N.Bonciocat, N.Bonciocat, [2] 301 [1] N.Bonciocat, S.Borca, S. S. Moldovan, S.Borca, N.Bonciocat, [1] References [3] N.Bonciocat , , N.Bonciocat [3] cag tase) n dfuin iiain o eetohmcl ecin + ne + O reaction electrochemical of limitations CT the diffusion only and when transfer) electrodes (charge redox the trough passing density current the gives solution whose type Volterra of equation integral an point starting as uses approach new al. This [1,2]. et Bonciocat by developed been has multielectrodes redox of case the in Spectroscopy DIFFUSION LIMITATIONS AND THEIR IMPLICATION ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY 1” 2 University of Medicineand HatieganuPharmacy of “, Iuliu Pharmacy,DepartmentFaculty University “ of 1” spectroscopy inthecaseof chargetransfer anddiffusion Babes-Bolyai” University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 11 Arany Arany 11 Engineering, Chemical and Chemistry of Faculty University, Babes-Bolyai” 2 New aspectsconcerningtheelectrochemical impedance University ofMedicineandPharmacy“IuliuHatieganu“,Faculty Babes-Bolyai” University, FacultyofChemistryandChemicalEngineering,11 Arany Janos,400 limitations andtheir implication indrugactiontesting A new approach to the theoretical basis of the Electrochemical Impedance Impedance Electrochemical the of basis theoretical the to approach new A IN THE CASE OF CHARGE TRANSFER AND N.Bonciocat N. Bonciocat 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th NEW ASPECTS CONCERNING THE Analytical Chemistry, 4 Pasteur 400 Romania Cluj-Napoca,400 PasteurChemistry, 349 4 Analytical Electrokhimiya Annals of West university of Timisoara of Westuniversity of Annals Analytical Chemistry, 4Pasteur400349Cluj-Napoca,Romania IN DRUG ACTION TESTING Janos, 400 210 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Romania, Cluj-Napoca, 210 400 Janos, 1 1 , I.O.Marian , , I. O.Marian , 29(1993) 97-102. 97-102. 29(1993) , * * 210 Cluj-Napoca,Romania, [email protected] [email protected] Bulg. Acad. Sci. Commun. Chem Commun. Sci. Acad. Bulg. 1 1 , , *, *, R.Sandulescu

R. Sandulescu , Chem.12 (2003) 467-486 467-486 (2003) Chem.12 ,

2 2 , , Cecila Cristea Cecila , Cecila Cristea , Departmentof . 23 (1990) 289- (1990) 23 . 2 2

are R  S2·P-101

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-102 3 2 1 surfactants, proteinsorotherfoulingmaterials. provides an alternative method of detecting trace metals in sample matrices containing and deposit underpotentially the atoms when Ag monolayer thiol the of arrangement the on information provides investigation This electrodes. modified thiol and bare at Ag of current peak stripping the on concentration gelatin the of influence the show and gelatin with out carried were studies exclusion Surfactant electrodes. modified thiol and bare both at signal stripping the of evolution the on concentration Ag the of influence the investigate to used was UPD-SV studies. CV using illustrated were deposition electrodes modified thiol and of bare both at deposition UPD Ag and influence bulk the on times The undertaken. was monolayer disorganised thiol a with modified surfaces gold at electrodeposition Ag the of investigation an work, this In copper concentrations inrealsamplessuchassoilextracts. of determination allowed previously has exclusion surfactant for approach deposition-stripping underpotential The combination of UPD-SV with the simplicity of use of the of disorganised monolayer abilities voltammetry (UPD-SV) in terms of electroanalytical limit of detection and sensitivity have been noted. excellent The surfaces allows determination of metal concentrations in the presence of surfactants. waste. As illustrated by earlier studies a disorganised thiol monolayer formed on gold photographic in found pollutant metal trace a silver, was study this in analyte target The excess. surfactant large of presence the in challenge a proven has ions metal of The application of voltammetric techniques at solid electrodes for low-level detection G. Herzog.D.W.M. Arrigan, Anal. Chem.,2003,75,319-323. G.Herzog, D.W.M. Arrigan, TrAc, 2005,24,2308-217. G. Herzog, G. V.P.H.Beni, Dillon, T.Barry, D.W.M. Arrigan, Chim. Anal. 2004, Acta, Electrodeposition ofsilver atdisorganisedmonolayer 511, 137-143. Micheál D.Scanlon, 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Tyndall NationalInstitute,LeeMaltings,Prospect Row, Cork,Ireland. modified goldelectrodes *[email protected] Grégoire Herzog,Damien W. M Arrigan*, 3 1 2 lcrceia rato. h cmaio o rvre ek vle i peec of presence in values the that showed chromate and bromate peroxide, differenthydrogen as such oxidants peaks reverse of comparison The reaction. electrochemical n ytm w rvre ek ae bevd A te eut f netgtos t was it investigations of result the As established that observed. these peaks belong to the are process of oxygen electrolytic reduction peaks (2), reverse two system in anode two by peroxide peaks are observed, one at 0,35 V, produced hydrogen and the other at 0,6 V. without precipitate, With the hydrogen peroxide tetroxide of osmium of oxidation reduction electrolytic electrolytic of curve voltammetric the At and CrO and f yrgn eoie Poue b ceia rato oye i asre o the on adsorbed is oxygen reaction chemical by Produced peroxide. hydrogen of As a result of process (1) the current of electrolytic reduction can be higher in presence Os+OsO OsO can beoxidizedtoosmiumtetroxidebychemicalreaction (1). dioxide osmium osmium time, same to the At observed. tetroxide is osmium metal osmium to later of and dioxide, reduction the surface electrode the on reduction electrolytic During interaction. peroxide hydrogen and dioxide osmium of influence reaction chemical the by explained be can effect This backgrounds. known other in than higher is curves voltammetric cathode the at determination peroxide hydrogen of tetroxide presence in osmium of at sensitivity other the the that and established V was 0.0 It at V.–0,15 one peaks: two seen be can peroxide hydrogen without It should be noted that voltammetric curve of osmium tetroxide electrolytic reduction biggest valueofreversepeakisobservedinpresencehydrogenperoxide. (H oxidants of presence in appeared peak reverse the showed results The reducers, as used potassium bromateandchromatewareasoxidants. were sulphite sodium and nitrite Sodium oxidation. electrolytic tetroxide osmium of process the in role peroxide hydrogen the determinate to order in investigated were process this of peaks the on reducers and oxidants different of As it is known, the hydrogen peroxide in solution can be oxidant of or reducer. The presence effect the in hydrogen peroxide. oxidation and reduction electrochemical tetroxide osmium of the mechanism the and studying nature peak reverse of results the gives paper This tetroxide tometalosmium,reversepeakisobservedatthevoltammetriccurve. electrolytic oxidation of precipitate, produced at the electrolytic reduction of osmium 2O which isadsorbedontheelectrode surfacebytheOsandOsO hydrogen peroxide detected the interesting property of system OsO system of property interesting the detected peroxide hydrogen of presence the in tetroxide osmium of behaviour electrochemical of Investigation The electrochemical behaviour mechanismofosmium 2s +4H 2s +4H 3 2 + - precipitate. +4e=2H ). Therefore the hydrogen peroxide was determinated to be the oxidant in oxidant the be to determinated was peroxide hydrogen the Therefore ). Tomsk PolytechnicUniversity, 30,Leninavenue,Tomsk, RussianFederation 2 O 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th 2 =OsO 2 O 4aq 2

+4H 2 O+O A.A. Sechina Electroanalysis andSensors 2s (1) [email protected] tetroxide , N.A. Kolpakova u 2 precipitates. 4 - H - 2 O 2 O 2 . At the At . 2 , BrO , (2) S2·P-103 3 -

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-104 [1] J.F. Rusling, Acc. References was studiedandtheirdetectionlimitswereevaluated. In the present study, laccase from application inbiosensing,biocatalyst,etc. of point view the from interest great of are functionalities surface of number high a with macromolecules mono-dispersed branched, highly are which dendrimers, using enzyme an of formation multilayer The [3]. surfaces solid on films of multilayer stable formation the for methods perspective most the of one is assembly (LBL) layer layer-by- covalent The electrodes. underlying with electrons transfer to laccase for environment suitable a provide may films multilayer respect this In understood. fully mechanism of the direct electron transfer of the immobilized laccase has not yet been few publications reporting on the direct electrochemistry of laccase [2]. However, the a only are There [1]. water to phenolic oxygen of reduction concomitant the various with compounds the catalyzes laccase enzymes, Among mediators. using biological without in transfer electron involving systems [1] processes and establish a foundation for constructing the metabolic third generation biosensors and biocatalyst in The direct electron transfer processes of protein or enzyme provide redox mechanisms [4] M. A. [3] G.Decher, Science277(1997)1232. [2] S.Shleev, J. Tkac, Christenson, A. T. Ruzgas, I. A. Yaropolov, J. W. Whittaker, L. -200 mV and -50 mV,-50 mVand -200 respectively. catechin and catechol of detection Amperometric presence of oxygen and the conducting polymer reduced the oxidized product at about catechol and catechin. The immobilized laccase oxidised catechol and catechin in the of detection the for used was biosensor multilayer dendrimer/laccase The electrode. photoelectron x-ray reaction (QCM), of laccase was studied at the microbalance dendrimer attached conducting polymer modified crystal spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy quartz (AFM). The direct electron transfer (EIS), spectroscopy impedance electrochemical (CV), voltammetry cyclic using characterized were films multilayer dendrimer/laccase The [4]. polymer conducting functionalized diamine a a carboxylic of acid terminated polyamidoamine dendrimer deposition (G3-PAMAM)LBL and laccase covalent on alternate an by prepared was multilayer laccase The a conducting polymer using dendrimer as a building unit for the multilayer formation. Department ofChemistryandCenterforInnovativeBioPhysioSensorT Gorton, Biosens.Bioelectron. 20(2005)2517. immobilized onadendrimer attachedconducting Rahman,M.-S. Won, Y.-B. Shim, Anal. Chem Direct electrochemistry oflaccasecovalently polymer anditsapplication tobiosensors 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Corresponding author’s e-mailaddress: Aminur Rahman, Chem. Res.31(1998)363. University, Busan609-735,SouthKorea Rhus Mi-Sook Won,

vernicifera was immobilized layer-by-layer on [email protected] Yoon-Bo Shim . 75(2003)1123. echnology, PusanNational * r

[4] Y.-T. Kong,M.Boopathi, Y.-B. Shim, Biosens.Bioelectron.19(2003)227. [1] A. Guiseppi-Elie, G. G. Wallace, T. Matsue, In Handbook of Conducting Polymers, References detection limitwasdeterminedtobe0.1±0.05μM. the and mM 25.0 and 0.0001 between was condition optimized the at obtained range dyanamic linear The [4]. polymer conducting based terthiophene a employing result previous our to compared peroxide hydrogen of detection the to sensitivity high the in resulted NP Au by film poly-DAN the of towards conductivity enhanced The electrodes compared. were and studied both were solution buffer the phosphate a in of detection peroxide activities hydrogen electrocatalytic The techniques. (EIS) spectroscopy impedance electrochemical and (QCM), microbalance crystal quartz using scanning electron microscope (SEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), characterized were HRP/Poly-DAN/GCE and NP/GCE HRP/Poly-DAN/Au the of surfaces The experiments. voltammetric cyclic in process transfer electron linking direct a cross covalent showed films the these on HRP through immobilized The cross-liker. a films as glutaraldehyde using these onto immobilized then was HRP enzyme, NP.The Au of deposition prior without or with surfaces carbon glassy on stable film of poly-DAN was electrochemically grown using cyclic voltammetry (CV) glassy carbon electrode surfaces with or without gold on nanoparticles film (Au poly-DAN NP). a At onto first, (HRP) a peroxide horseradish enzyme, an immobilizing by fabricated were biosensors peroxide hydrogen amperometric study, present the In or biosensors. of a poly-DAN film with or without metal nanoparticles in the fabrications of sensors application the reporting publication no is there Tofilm. knowledge, the our beneath or poly-DAN in nanoparticles metal of deposition of electrochemical the by increased be conductivity can film the Moreover, biomolecules. for (1,8- matrix immobilizing poly in polymers, conductive biomolecules of classes for promising of one be can groups amine having [2,3] (poly-DAN) diaminonphthalene) many environment the an Of suitable as systems. a serve biosensor CPs the provide The and [1]. received properties matrix been unique have immobilizing their sensors to to due (CPs) attention polymers considerable conductive of applications The [3] C.-S.Jin, [2] J. W. Lee, D.-S. Park, Y.-B. Shim, S.-M. Park, J. Electrochem. Soc. Electrochem. J. Park, S.-M. Y.-B.Shim, Park, D.-S. Lee, W.J. [2] Department ofChemistryandCenterforInnovativeBioPhysioSensorT immobilized onapoly(1,8-Diaminonaphthalene)film 139. 2 York, 1998,Chapter34,pp.963. nd Direct electrochemistry ofhorseradishperoxidase ., Marcel Dekker,Marcel New ed., T.Eds., Reynolds,. Elsenbaumer,R. R. J. Scotheim, 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Y.-B. Shim Corresponding author’s e-mailaddress: Hui-Bog Noh, , S.-M.Park.1995,Synth.Met. 69(1995)561. University, Busan609-735,SouthKorea Deog-Su Park, Yoon-Bo Shim [email protected] echnology, PusanNational * r

12 (1992) 12

S2·P-105

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-106 automated sensor fabrication and evaluation in an automatic electrochemical robotic electrochemical automatic an in evaluation and fabrication sensor automated and algorithms genetic using composition polymer the of Optimization sensitivity. 1 . guo, . egbur . rd, . etr . Schuhmann, W. Reiter, S. Frodl, A. Neugebauer, S. Ngounou, B. [1] system willbepresented. (I used was saturation substrate at current maximal the parameter and optimization As system. robotic Fabrication electrochemical [2] element. recognition biological described previously a using automatically performed were biosensors as of evaluation oxidase glucose immobilization as and polymers matrix electrodeposition cathodic using architecture simple with biosensors glucose chosen have we experiments our for objective initial an defined As with biosensor suitable of a fabrication finding for characteristics. in used spent be be can to that has composition that polymer time in decrease significant a paved for algorithms way genetic selection, natural of ideas evolutionary the on Premised algorithms. genetic on based proposed is strategy a architectures biosensors complex of optimization this forward straight and fast overcome a for tools develop to to finally and order drawback In consuming. time and large tideous a be of will sensors testing of and number fabrication the although space, parameter complex the into insights to lead could properties sensor the on impact their concerning compositions available. not are space parameter complex the describing models mathematical suitable and linear not are properties biosensor the and synthesis polymer the in used monomers individual the the of as impact represented composition polymer the between correlation the cases most In range ofresponsetotheanalyte. linear and sensitivity of terms in biosensors improved for paints electrodeposition design of rational a towards made were attempts initial and composition polymer the was It from [1]. dependence in significantly varied libraries characteristics sensor the polymer that demonstrated of synthesis parallel combinatorial using properties attempts were made to elucidate the impact of the polymer composition on the sensor tion polymers as immobilization matrix for enzymes in amperometric biosensors, and design to its application in real samples. Previously, we have proposed electrodeposi- imposed by the analytical application is important on the way from the principal sensor The rational design of specific biosensor properties in accordance with the prerequisites [2] T. Erichsen, S. Reiter,W.V.Bonsen, Schuhmann S. T.E.M. Ryabova,[2] Erichsen, Electrodeposition Polymers asImmobilizationMatrixin Halyna Shkil, 76 Acta Anal.Chem. -Elektroanalytik &Sensorik,Ruhr-Universität Bochum,D-44780Bochum (2005)062204.

49 Genetic Algorithms for theOptimizationof (2004)3855-3863 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th

Dimitri Guschin, Amperometric GlucoseBiosensors *[email protected] Sandra Janiak, max However, screening of all the possible polymers possible the all of screening However, app ) aiming on optimized biosensors with high with biosensors optimized on aiming ) Peter Zinn, Wolfgang Schuhmann* Rev.Sci. Electrochim. Instr . [1] D.MandlerandI. Turyan, Electroanalysis8,207(1996). with ituponelectrochemicaldissolution. interacts continuously therefore and thiols the beneath deposit electrochemically Cd the that believe we IR, differentand at XPS SAMs by dithiol potential modified gold the onto deposition Cd the charactising By groups. thiol the with Cd deposited the of differentialand volttametry,pulse interaction interesting very reveal and IR and XPS voltammetry,cyclic sweepvoltammetry techniques, linearsquarewave electrochemical different by studied been have system the and peaks The electrode. gold the of time modification time, deposition the on depends peaks stripping anodic the of nature The Cd(II). of peaks stripping 1,9-nonanedithiol sharp two of or appearance the 1,6-hexanedithiol in resulted either of monolayer a that found We ions. Cd(II) of voltammetry stripping anodic the for used been has surface electrode disk Au polycrystalline a on monolayer dithiol a prospects of formation and The approaches. advantages these the of highlight will which studies, recent our review will solution. Wethe in species and interface the between interactions the structuring and controlling for approach simple and convenient a offer SAMs [1]. established well is metals, heavy particular in species, different towards interfaces of sensitivity and selectivity the enhancing in (SAMs) monolayers self-assembled of application The electrode modifiedwithself-assembled monolayersof 1 Carl vonOssietzkyUniversityofOldenburg, InstituteofPure and Applied ChemistryandBiology 2 Department ofInorganic and Analytical Chemistry, TheHebrew UniversityofJerusalem, of theMarineEnvironment, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany, [email protected], Jerusalem 91904,Israel, [email protected], Ph:+49-441-798-3973,Fax:+49-441-798-3979 Electro analysisofheavy metal,cd 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Jatin K.Sinha [email protected], Ph: 1 , Daniel Mandler di-thiols 6585319 2 *, Gunther Wittstock +972-2-6585831, Fax: 2+ bygold 1*

+972-2- S2·P-107

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-108 1 J.A.Squella. and Núñez-Vergara L.J. Rodriguez, M. Pezoa, J. Yañez, C. 1.- the to according (2). approach Olmstead’s pHs at different determined were anion radical nitro the of constants stability The figure. the in isshown rates Britton sweep different at % Hyamine 15 of mM with 7.4 100 pH Buffer, Robinson in 4- of mMMNImOH 1 containing solution a from isolated anion radical nitro the of pulse voltammograms cyclic differential The (CV), voltammetry medium. inaqueous pHs different at surfactants withdifferent anion radical nitro Cyclic medium. the of formation the study to used were (TP) polarography tast and (DPP) polarography aqueous Trimethyl in Cetyl 4-MNImOH and (Cationic) from anion radical nitro the detect Hyamine to order in (cationic) (CTAB) (non-ionic), Bromide Ammonium Triton-X (anionic), SDS as surfactants of series a used we work this In technique. voltammetric cyclic the of scale time the in detected being of mixed wascapable anion radical nitro in the media nonaqueous and only but media, nonaqueous and mixed 4-nitroimidazole aqueous, in formation anion radical new nitro the studied we (1), study previous 1- a In 2. a and 1 synthesized positions in substituted derivative we specie, (4-MNImOH) important active the pharmacological as new anion methyl-4-nitro-2-hydroxymethylimidazole find radical nitro to the investigations use that current compounds our of scope the In the Consequently, of inits study. type role important an play can electrochemistry thethis compoundsand activity. for challenge biological permanent their a is its behaviour radical of in nitro the of intermediate understanding because key a investigations is many derivative radical anion nitro of the wherein antiprotozoans source and radiosensitizers antibiotics, the as properties been have Nitroimidazoles 2.- M.L. Olmstead and R.S. Nicholson, Nicholson, R.S. and Olmstead M.L. 2.- Voltammetric behaviour of a 4-Nitroimidazole derivative: Nitro radical anion formation inpresence ofsurfactants Bioelectrochemistry Laboratory, Chemical &SciencesFaculty University ofBioelectrochemistryLaboratory, Chemical Pharmaceutical Bioelectrochemistry Laboratory, Chemical &PharmaceuticalSciencesFacultyUniversityofChile derivative: Nitro radicalanion formationinpresence of Electrochem. Soc. Electrochem. Voltammetric behaviour ofa4-Nitroimidazole 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th

152 J.A,Squella J.A,Squella

(6) Chile POB Santiago CHILE. POB 233 Chile (2005) J46. J46. (2005) POB 233SantiagoCHILE. *[email protected] *[email protected] *[email protected] *, P. Jara, L.J. Núñez-Vergara. Núñez-Vergara. L.J. Jara, *,P. *, P. Jara,L.J.Núñez-Vergara. surfactants Anal.Chem. i / µΑ 10 15 20 25 30 -5 0 5 50-0 70-0 -900 -800 -700 -600 -500 41 41 (1969) 862. 862. (1969) E / mV J. J. iaca spot y h “iitru fr isncat Frcug n Kultur und Forschung Wissenschaft, für Brandenburg”, Germanyiskindlyacknowledged(24#2597-04/339;2004). “Ministerium the by support Financial Acknowledgements radical, apotentmarkerofoxidativestress,couldbedeveloped. radical to oxidized cytochrome c. Thus, a switchable detection chain the from for transfer electron the the on superoxide based is It established. be could electrode modified A signal chain starting from superoxide radicals via cytochrome c to the quantum dot excitation wavelengthonthesignalwasexaminedbetween450and600nm. the range. of determined. influence was The setup our in protein the of potential formal The mircromolar the in c cytochrome reduced oxidised/ of concentration the on obtained using light pulses in the range of seconds. The photo current was dependent inside the particles. A light-induced electron transfer from and to the particles could pairs be electron-hole of generation induced light the on based arrangement switchable an in electrodes gold on dots quantum CdSe/ZnS- of application the show we Here out ofplanarsensorelectrodeswithdifferent interactionplaces. read parallel a to access switch. give “off”differentiation can and a “on” such An as The photoexcication of so called quantum dots has been shown to be capable of acting which allows to read out the generated signal in a time and spatially- resolved manner. switch a implement to be would been framework chain signal known the of have evolution An systems several model that on developed inbiosensoricsbymeansofproteinmodified electrodes. Based chain. respiratory the for as example membranes on interactions protein with biological associated several often in are found which be systems can chain a such of model The solution. in species Generating signal chains on electrodes is a versatile tool to detect specifically various A photoelecetrochemical signalchainusingcytochrome c 1 Universityof Applied SciencesWildau, BiosystemsTechnology, 15475Wildau, Bahnhofstr. 1, 2 CenterforNanoscience,LudwigMaximilianUniversityMunich,80799München,Germany and a quantum dot modified gold-electrodeand aquantumdotmodified 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Ch. Stoll *fl[email protected] 1 ,

W. Parak Germany 2 , F. Lisdat 1 * S2·P-109

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-110 and capacitance in series R series in capacitance and ie osat: ih rqec rssac R resistance frequency high constants: time differentthree distinguish to allowed measurements Impedance the signal. of AC Hz 0.1 to kHz 100 from range frequency a in spectroscopy impedance electrochemical by characterized were solution hydrochloride quinine with contact in substances like are still poorly recognized. Poly(vinyl chloride) membranes substances loaded with taste lipids or with lipid interactions their and membranes these of characteristics The carbon dioxide(orangeades). and acid citric sucrose, from up made drinks aqueous commercial of recognition for used successfully was sensor taste five-channel The methods. investigated potentiometry been using have classes taste four to belonging substances of mixtures The kinds oftonicscontainingsucrose,quininehydrochlorideandcarbondioxide. This sensor was successfully applied for discrimination and concentration. quality sucrose control to of sensitive differenttoo not and system the in present substances salt five-channel taste sensor. Their responses were sensitive to appropriate bitter, sour and chloride, hexadecylamine, 1-dodecanol) – polymer membrane electrodes were used in (benzylhexadecyldimethylammonium like lipid and cholesterol) acid, (elaidic Lipid due tochaoticbehaviortheycannotbeappliedintastesensors. However, substances. responsible of identification for fingerprints as used be might dimensional attractors were different in shape and size for systems investigated. They of curves were analyzed by construction of attractors using oscillation time delay method. The two- the on oscillation The examined. classes was phases aqueous taste between difference potential four electric to belonging substances of influence The phase. solvent organic by separated substance) (taste phase acceptor and surfactant) (ionic phase donor phases: aqueous two of composed are They substances. taste of in food industry. Liquid membrane oscillators were proposed for molecular recognition The construction of a reliable taste sensor for control of food quality is very important hexadecylamine. Values R coefficient ocnrto mmrns ih ezleaeydmtyamnu clrd and chloride benzylhexadecyldimethylammonium with membranes concentration Medium frequency resistance, R Liquid membraneoscillatorsandlipid,lipidlikesystems 1 CommodityScienceLaboratory, FacultyofEconomicsandManagement,GdanskUniversity hfr 2 DepartmentofChemicalTechnology, ChemicalFaculty, GdanskUniversity were not sensitive to the outer electrolyte concentration for all membranes. σ 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th . M. Szpakowska of Technology, ul.Narutowicza11/12, 80-952Gdansk Technology, ul.Narutowicza11/12, 80-952Gdansk e-mail: M [email protected] C e-mail: for tastesensing M 1 , and diffusion impedance Z impedance diffusion and , M , , was found to be dependent on the outer electrolyte J. Szwacki [email protected] l ; 1 , hfr [email protected] A. Lisowska-Oleksiak mdu rne rqec resistance frequency range medium , l . W measured as Warburgas measured l . 2

from low concentration to high concentration in the plume by analyzing the sensor sensor We the analyzing Fig.2. by plume in the microcomputer. attached using outputs shown in concentration as source high odor to the robot concentration at arrive low mobile can from sensors a gas MOS-type with to robot the attached that demonstrate sensors gas MOS-type four the from using source fire the detect tryto also We fire. materials of stage initial the in odorants disturbing discriminate burning by can generated odorants array that sensor suggests well-defined proposed strongly with result This space boundaries. of in sections cluster to discrete tend odors sensor individual the that for clear outputs is It each for plotted. are sensors odorant in several the Fig.1, of in outputs which shown is of data, visualization multidimensional component for components principal principal first two the to of reduced was which result (PCA), analysis The the in house. hairdressing liquid and perfumery odorants disturbed from as tobacco, well as array, as sensor gas such materials MOS-type using nylon and polyethylene cellulose, some burning by mobile source a to fire attachrobot. to can sensors used These was detection. Inc.) Electric New cosmos from CH-Ez (Model: sensor gas MOS-type A fire. were of detection stage early available for sensors as used commercially are gas which MOS-type of sensors types different five In work, array. this sensor gas MOS-type fire and robot early mobile for system of consist which detection source fire sensingand detection odor an develop to try we Thus, fire. of stage initial detect not can to however, detectors, order The in fire. flame detect and heat smoke, to respond systems alarm fire ordinary that known is It detection. source odor and detection fire early for suitable sensor gas (MOS)-type 11

First of all, we measure the odorants generated generated odorants the measure we all, of First semiconductor oxide metal with robot a demonstrate to is work this of objective The Early fire detection andodor detectionsource using Early ﬁre detectionandodor source detectionusing Y. Takei Y. Y. Takei AMS R&D Center, Kanazawa Institute Technology, Japan R&D Kanazawa AMS of Ishikawa, Center, 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th AMS R&DCenter, KanazawaInstituteofTechnology, Ishikawa,Japan mobile robot withMOS-type gassensor mobile robot with MOS-type gas sensor , T. Asada, D. Ishigure, H. Nanto*, T. Oyabu and K. Toko Toko K. Oyabu and T. Nanto*, H. Ishigure, Asada,D. , T. , T. Asada, Kanazawa Seiryo University, Ishikawa, Japan University, Ishikawa, Kanazawa Seiryo Kanazawa SeiryoUniversity, Ishikawa,Japan *[email protected] *[email protected] Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan Fukuoka,Japan University, Kyusyu *[email protected] Kyusyu University, Fukuoka,Japan D. Ishigure, H. Nanto*, i. Mbl rbt o eet h odor the detect to sourceusing four MOS-typesensorsgas robot Mobile Fig.2 T. OyabuandK. Toko Fig.1 Results of the PCA plot PCA the of Results Fig.1 S2·P-111

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-112 Direct and continuous observation of the hydrolysis even in a thick starch suspension 0.01 mM, with a linearity of up to 10 mM. The response time was approximately 20 s. substrate, andtheliberationofproduct. free the enzyme onto of the surface of adsorption the substrate, the the reaction of of the adsorbed enzyme consists with the which mechanism, three-step a from derived equations rate the by well explained be can of results area experimental The surface substrate. specific the the to proportional was v-value the Also, substrate. the of the enzyme to approach a saturation value, whereas it was proportional to the amount The (v). rate initial the determine to used was current the of increase linear the of GA. slope by The catalyzed granules increase can be attributed to production of glucose by the surface hydrolysis of starch by addition change of GA, not indicating did that dissolution current of starch the was suspension, negligible and the that the of current place in used was supernatant the linearly.When increased current the suspension, starch the to GA of addition Upon can beachieved. of determination CPE the BQ-mixed allowed GOx-immobilized film-coated The rpm. 500 at stirrer magnetic a by stirred was suspension The deaeration. without KCl M vs VAg/AgCl/0.1 0.60 of potential electrode fixed a at recorded was current oxidation paste. An carbon in BQ of % wt 10 containing diameter) mm (3.0 CPE of surface the on membrane dialysis a by trapped was units) (30 GOx 541). (1985) 49 Chem. Biol. (Agric. al. et Ikeda by GOx-immobilized described as film-coated prepared was (CPE) Aelectrode paste carbon measurement. (BQ)-mixed benzoquinone electrochemical the for 5.0) (pH Maize starch granules (0.025−1.0 g) were suspended in 5.0 mL of 0.1 M acetate buffer of enzymeandsubstrateonthespecific surfaceareaofsubstrateisdiscussed. glucoamylase (GA). The dependence of the initial rate of the hydrolysis on the amount has been introduced to study the kinetics of hydrolysis of starch granules catalyzed by monitored, is reaction (GOx) oxidase glucose the by reduced mediator redox the test of a of coloration and turbidity of solution. In influence this study, an amperometric the glucose sensor, in which from the oxidation current free being of advantages spectrophotometry, with comparison In times. saccharides of amylases. by catalyzed granules starch of hydrolysis enzymatic to paid been has attention Much Department ofBioscience,FukuiPrefectural University, Matsuoka,Fukui910-1195, Japan Kinetic analysisofenzymatichydrolysis ofstarch granules usinganamperometric glucosesensor 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th In most studies, the reaction has been followed by spectrophotometry by followed been has reaction the studies, most In n h rato mxue fe rmvn sac gaue a different at granules starch removing after mixture reaction the in Hirosuke Tatsumi D -glucose concentration sensitive to levels as low as low as levels to sensitive concentration -glucose v-value increased with increasing concentration of concentration increasing with increased v-value *, *[email protected] Hajime Katano, lcrceia maueet have measurements electrochemical Tokuji Ikeda 4. M. Martins, C. Freire and A.R. Hillman, Hillman, andA.R. C.Freire Martins, M. 4. 2. V.K. Gupta, S. Chandra and R. Mangla, R.Mangla, Chandra and S. Gupta, V.K. 2. 833. (2002) 106 5. J.A. Tedim, A. Carneiro, S.J. Gurman, C. Freire and A.R. Hillman, in preparation. inpreparation. Hillman, A.R. and Gurman, C.Freire S.J. A.Carneiro, J.A. 5. Tedim, Hillman and E. Vieil, Vieil, E. and Hillman Chem. Hillman, A.R. and Christensen P.A. deCastro, B. Freire, C. Vilas-Boas, M. 3a)

Ba atoms. Interestingly, the metal-ligand binding and the roles they play are quite quite are play they roles the and metals. two the for different binding metal-ligand the electronic Interestingly, polymer atoms. Ba over influence the and and Ni the around information structural local process EXAFS-derived of basis the on response binding the rationalise can how one show we Here mechanism. and structure underlying the into insight no provided 1. W. Xia, R.H. Schmehl, C. Li, J.T. Mague, C. Luo and D.M. Guldi, Guldi, D.M. and Luo C. Mague, J.T. Li, C. Schmehl, R.H. Xia, W. 1. References studentship. PhD a for thanks FCT JAT timeand Acknowledgements: cie eerh ra wt apiain a dvre s biology as diverse as applications with area, an research is species solution molecular/ionic active of detection for materials novel for quest The 1 microbalance (EQCM) to provide the latter. thelatter. provide to (EQCM) microbalance crystal quartz electrochemical the and former the satisfy to chemistry complexation use we Here method. detection sensitive suitably a (ii) and species target the to selectivity have been extensively characterised in terms of their spectroelectrochemical spectroelectrochemical their of terms on in based characterised films extensively polymer properties electroactive been of have preparation the on [Ni( focused have We management metal (here, nickel) has a structural role as a bridge. bridge. a as role hasstructural a nickel) metal(here, rw ehr Peiiay lcrceia data the electrochemical of Preliminary features structural ether. inherent crown the with associated selectivity the exploiting ions, in earth-alkaline and/or alkaline of ethers) context the in this crown explore We capability. recognition as (such poly[Ni( ligands macrocyclic electrochemically-generated of incorporation how describe We films were able to detect electroinactive ions, such as Ba as such ions, electroinactive detect to able were films Department ofUniversityChemistry, Leicester,Department University UK Road,of Leicester, LE1 7RH, salen Department ofChemistry, UniversityofLeicester, UniversityRoad,Leicester, LE17RH,UK 36 (1997) 4919. b) M. Vilas-Boas, I.C. Santos, M.J. Henderson, C. Freire, A.R. A.R. Freire, C. Henderson, M.J. Santos, I.C. Vilas-Boas, M. b) 4919. (1997) 36 Structure andpotential-dependent properties of Structure and potential-dependent properties of electroactive polymeric[Ni( electroactivepolymeric [Ni( )] units, tuning their properties by altering the substituents. These materials materials These substituents. the altering by properties their tuning units, )] [3] , which reveal that polymer redox chemistry is ligand-based and that the the that and ligand-based is chemistry redox polymer that reveal which , [0] 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th . A practical sensing system must fulfil (at least) two criteria: (i) (i) criteria: two least) (at fulfil must system sensing practical A . J. Tedim J. J. Tedim, Langmuir We thank the CCLRC Daresbury Laboratory for EXAFS beam beam EXAFS for Laboratory Daresbury CCLRC the thank We , A. C. Freire, A. R. Hillman* and S.J. Gurman Gurman S.J. and Hillman* A. R. C.Freire, A. , A. C.Freire, 19 (2003) 7460. 7460. (2003) 19 *Email: [email protected] *Email: *Email: [email protected] A. R.Hillman*and salen Electrochimica Acta Electrochimica Chem. Comm. Chem. ] im cn no te wt ion with them endow can films )] [0] salen)] sensingﬁlms salen showed that poly[Ni(salen)(crown)] poly[Ni(salen)(crown)] that showed )] sensingfilms (2003) 434. (2003) 2+ S.J. Gurman , at micromolar levels, but but levels, micromolar at , , 47 (2002) 1579. 1579. (2002) 47 , J. Phys. Chem B Chem Phys. J. [0] n waste and Inorg. Inorg. S2·P-113

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-114 opud (sobc cd ui ai ad ctmnpe) a te concentrations the at acetaminophen), fluids biological the and in found usually acid uric acid, (ascorbic compounds than the physiological one (0.75 mM) in the presence value of the most common lower interfering much a at glucose of determination accurate phosphate An 4°C. in at 7.0 stored pH buffer,were electrodes the if days, 21 about was stability Long-term [2]. M. Quinto, I. Losito, F. Palmisano, C.G. Zambonin, the biosensor based on Fc-CO on based biosensor the although FIA, in mM 10 and batch in mM, 1.5 to up extending range linearity a have eitr fr h oiain f h ezmtcly rdcd H produced enzymatically the of oxidation the for mediators in FIA working at low anodic potentials (0.400 V vs. SCE for Fc-CO and batch in both tests chronoamperometric by evaluated were biosensors two the of 3.JJ X, .. u,YD Ce, .. Chen, H.Y. Chen, Y.D. Luo, X.L. [3]. Xu, J.J. method in the presence of the anions of the ferrocene mediators coprecipitation the by synthesised was LDH The glutaraldehyde. with crosslinking by immobilized (GOx) oxidase glucose and hydroxide(LDH) layered double Mg/Al been a have into intercalated ferrocene-derivatives, (GC) the by constituted electrodes biofilm a with carbon modified Glassy determination. glucose for biosensors membrane, basedonMnO mM Fc-SO of (Fc-CO carboxylate monitoring The patients. diabetic glucose levels of is also very important in management/treatment industrial applications. In this work, effectiveferrocene- the for importance fundamental of is glucose blood of determination accurate and rapid The [1]. P. Wang, G.Zhu,Electrochem. References * Corresponding author:e-mail:[email protected];Phonenumber:+390512093667,fax Glucose biosensorsbasedonelectrodes modifiedwith Dipartimento diChimicaFisicaedInorganica, Viale Risorgimento 4,40136Bologna,Italia ferrocene derivativesintercalated intomg/allayered 9-17. 1169-1173. -1 cm 3 H ). A comparison of the sensitivities to glucose showed that both biosensors both that showed glucose to sensitivities the ). of AH comparison -2 in batch mode, and 37.1 ± 0.3 versus 15.4 ± 0.4 µA mM µA 0.4 ± 15.4 versus 0.3 ± 37.1 and mode, batch in I. Carpani, 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th 2 H) and ferrocene-sulfonate (Fc-SO ferrocene-sulfonate and H) M. Colombari, 2 [3] double hydroxides , onthebiosensors’ surface. 2 number: +390512093690, H was more sensitive (6.6 ± 0.3 versus 2.8 ± 0.3 µA 0.3 ± 2.8 versus 0.3 ± (6.6 sensitive more was H Comm. A. Mignani, [2] , was possible by application of an oxidative an of application by possible was , , 4(2002),36-40. lcrce. Comm. Electrochem. E. Scavetta, Anal. Chim. Acta 3 H) have been used as redox as used been have H) D. Tonelli* 2 [1] O . The performances 2 n amperometric in 2 H and 0.5 V for , -1 6 cm , 420 (2000), 20) 11, (2004),

-2 in FIA). in Tsujimura S. etal.,Electrochemistry72, Shleev S.etal.,ElectrochemistryCommunications6, References : was thus and shifted tomorepositivevalueswithrespectsolubleBOD. BOD adsorbed for KCl Ag/AgCl/1M vs. V 0,540 about of potential Such surface. wave half a at occurred reduction Oxygen BOD). µM CNT(10 solution in situation the to the at adsorbed be can compared currents reduction bufferoxygen protein-free similar in showed electrodes BOD that demonstrated also was It pH 4,butalsoatneutralacitivitycouldbedetected. unmodified GCE in the presence of BOD. Highest enzymatic activity was observed at reduction current by about a factor of 10 (at pH 4) in comparison with the signal at an oxygen the voltammetry.enhances sweep GCE linear of with CNTmodification The with measured dissolved and adsorbed BOD, under was aerobic and anaerobic conditions, at different reduction pH Oxygen BOD. of investigations electrochemical for used successfully were GCEs unmodified and GCEs CNTmodified optimized These reproducible resultsovertwoweeks. yield which electrodes robust in resulted strategy This ethanol. in dispersion a of out diameter 10nm). Glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) were modified by adsorbing CNTs average <1µm, length CNTs(average walled multi used we experiments our During (CNTs) modifiedelectrodes. nanotube carbon at BOD by reduction oxygen of investigation the present we Here 2004; Tsujimura etal.,2004). al., et (Shleev BOD with modified carbon) and glassy graphite, pyrolytic oriented highly (spectrographic electrodes carbon several at detected was current reduction a oxygen of presence the In shown. been has conditions aerobic and anaerobic under Recently the possibility of direct electron transfer between BOD and carbon electrodes open upnewwaysforcreatingalternativesystemsenergymay generation. and relevance basic of is BOD of properties electroactive the of investigation the Thus cells. biofuel in promising e.g. reduction oxygen and bioelectrocatalytic the interesting for candidate an is BOD) 1.3.3.5, (EC oxidase Bilirubin enzyme The 04/339; 2004. und Kultur Brandenburg (MWFK) within the HWP program for project no. 24#2597- We appreciate the financial support from the Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung Acknowledgement: 1 BioHyTec, UniversityofPotsdam, Analytical Biochemistry, Golm, Germany, Reduction ofO Nanotube ModifiedGlassyCarbonElectrodes 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th 2 Biosystems Technology, Universityof Applied SciencesWildau, Bahnhofstr. 1, 2 E. Tritscher byBilirubinoxidaseatCarbon *fl[email protected] 15745 Wildau, Germany, 2004 1 , F. Lisdat , 437 Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25,14476 2 * 2004 , 934 S2·P-115

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-116 [4] R.Orinakova,L. Trnkova etal.,Electrochim. Acta 49(2004)3587. [3] L. Trnko [2] L. Trnkova, O.Dracka,J.Electroanal.Chem.413(1996)123. [1] O.Dracka,J.Electroanal.Chem.402(1996)19. References Republic. Czech the of Sciences the of Grant of the Academy the Agency grant from A100040602 and Sports and YouthEducation, of Ministry the from LC06035 ANAL-MED BIO- and MSM0021622412 INCHEMBIOL grants the by supported was work This Acknowledgements on solidelectrodes. for the study of reduction processes of metals not only on surface mercury electrodes but also adsorption, (e.g. reactions tool powerful and suitable diffusion,is EVLS the nucleation). that showed study The surface controlled kinetically some reflecting (I pre-peak the revealed function) (E4 EVLS the processes deposition the During roughness. surface electrode of effect the identify and metals, of to species carrying chargealso the helped EVLS The roughness. surface electrode and concentrations, rate, metal scan pH, of function a as observed been have electrolytes supporting step and range) [5]. The differences in mechanisms of metals deposition from various at curves voltammetric (potential conditions experimental same the under three recorded were rates scan different functions elimination of calculation the For setting. the using performed were three-electrode AUTOLABwith (EcoChemie) potentiostat Experiments electrolytes. sulphate and chloride from behavior Cu) and Co, Ni, (Cd, metals electrochemical of of interpretation the on focused was attention The [3,4]. evolution hydrogen the is processes these of one revealed solutions acidic be aqueous to In [1-3]. processes unknown and conserved be to components current some scan different rates the elimination procedure at enables selected current components to be measured eliminated, currents voltammetric From rate. scan on dependences set of particular currents, e.g. charging, diffusion, and kinetic currents a having of different consists response (LSV) current voltammetric total the that fact voltamperometric the on based is by paraffin investigated of were EVLS (EVLS). The scan linear metals with voltammetry elimination the including methods (PIGE) by electrode coating graphite electrolytical impregnated of mechanisms reaction Electrode Elimination voltammetry as a powerful tool for the study [5] L. Trnkova, J.Electroanal.Chem. 582(2005)258. Department ofTheoretical andPhysicalChemistry, FacultyofScience,MasarykUniversity, Roland Rozik, va, J.Friml,O.Dracka,Bioelectrochem. 54(2001)131. 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th of electrodeposition ofmetals Lenka Zerzankova, Kotlarska 2,611 37Brno,CzechRepublic *[email protected] Radka Mikelova, Libuse Trnkova * pp ) [4] R.Orinakova,L. Trnkova etal.,Electrochim. Acta 49(2004)3587. [3] L. Trnkova, R.Kizek,O.Dracka,Electroanalysis12(2000) 905. [2] L. Trnkova, O.Dracka,J.Electroanal.Chem.413(1996)123. [1] O.Dracka,J.Electroanal.Chem.402(1996)19. References Republic. Czech the of Sciences the of Grant of Academy the Agency grant from A100040602 the and Sports Youthand Education, of Ministry the from LC06035 ANAL-MED BIO- and MSM0021622412 INCHEMBIOL grants the by supported was work This Acknowledgements seen on LSV or CV curves, the peak While of peaks reduction conditions. overlapped Abe or can peaks C developed incompletely and only experimental identical under recorded were at rates curves scan voltammetric different three functions elimination the of calculation the guanine For and (G). (C) cytosine (A), adenine containing (ODNs) deoxyoligonucleotides was successfully employed in the analysis of nucleic acids and short homo- or hetero- specific, sensitive and well developed peak-couterpeak (p-cp) signal [6-7]. This signal yields component, current diffusion the conserving and components, current kinetic curves of an adsorbed electroactive substance. The function eliminating charging and current-potential irreversible of transformation EVLS the to devoted is contribution capable of eliminating some selected current components, and conserving others. This be considered a mathematical model of the transformation of current-potential curves electroactive substance at mercury, silver or graphite electrodes [3-5]. The EVLS can organic and inorganic of processes electrode of study the in in also but only electroanalysis, not applications found has method this date to Up [1,2]. systems electrode published and experimentally verified for reversible, quasi-reversible and irreversible was (EVLS) scan linear with voltammetry elimination of theory the ago years Ten [7] L. Trnkova, J.Electroanal.Chem. 582(2005)258. [6] L. Trnkova, F. Jelen, I.Postbieglova,Electroanalysis226(2003)1529. [5] L. Trnkova, Talanta 56(2002)887. identification ofneighbouringandnon-neighborouringbases. for as well as ODNs, of analysis quantitative and qualitative for ODNs, in processes stripping procedure is a promising tool for achieving very good resolution of electrode adsorptive with combination in EVLS the that shown was It chains. ODN in bases of sequence the by and potential, and time accumulation pH, by affected were signals p-cp of positions and heights The peaks. overlapped two separate to and sensitivity Elimination tranformationofirreversible current ofan Kotlarska 2,611 37Brno, 1 Department ofTheoretical andPhysicalChemistry, FacultyofScience,MasarykUniversity, Radka Mikelova 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th adsorbed electroactive substance Kralovopolska 135,61265BrnoCzechRepublic 1 2 , Libuse Trnkova Institute ofBiophysics, Academy ofSciencestheCzechRepublic, *[email protected] -counterpeak signal is able to increase the current 1 *, Roland Rozik 1 , Frantisek Jelen

2 S2·P-117

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-118 Chen, A. Mulchandani, Mulchandani, A. Chen, Biochem Electroanal. Chem Electroanal. 1 [1] References Grants. 48/2005 GAR and A375/2006 CNCSIS 85/375/2005, A CNCSIS of supports financial for acknowledge gratefully authors The This materials. electrode conventional on density, current low reduction and withhigh overpotential proceed to found hasbeen process electrochemical its involves detection amperometric nitrite the Usually, quality. water and monitoring pollution for solution. For comparison the the NO of comparison absence in electrode hemin/Nafion For G/SWCNT- of response voltammetric solution. uprig lcrlt, . M 0.1 N 7); (pH electrolyte, buffer phosphate supporting Electrocatalytic reduction of NO of reduction Electrocatalytic ) Eprmna conditions: Experimental ). mV 0 potential, starting ( electrodeG/SWCNT-hemin/Nafionat KCl M. Badea, A. Amine, G. Palleschi, D. Moscone, G. Volpe, A. Curuli, Curuli, A. Volpe, G. Moscone, D. Palleschi, G. Amine, A. Badea, M. amperometric detection:electrochemical comparative 1 2 2 I / A Vergata”,Dipartimento di“Tor eRoma Technologie di Scienze Chimiche, Universita

µ Arany028Janos University,11, Department, Chemistry Physical 400 Bolyai” “Babes sat - -100 An nanocompositeinnovative material for nitrite was included ( ). ( was included -80 -60 -40 -20 20 1 2 ; potential scan rate, 50 mV*s 50 rate, scan potential ; 0 An innovativenanocompositematerialfor nitrite UniversitadiRoma“Tor Vergata”, DipartimentodiScienzeeTechnologie Chimiche, “Babes Bolyai”University, PhysicalChemistryDepartment, Arany Janos11, 400028 . 325 (2004) 285. 285. (2004) 325 . Nitrate and nitrite detection gained renewed attention due to their relevance relevance their to due attention renewed gained detection nitrite and Nitrate 3 Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) CNR Division 2, perlo Division Materiali(ISMN)Nanostrutturati dei CNR Istituto Studio E E / mV 3 IstitutoperloStudiodeiMaterialiNanostrutturati(ISMN)CNRDivision2, -1000 G. L. Turdean G. amperometricdetection: electrochemical G. L. Turdean 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th vs. Ag/AgCl, KCl vs. ., 509 (2001) 66; 66; (2001) 509 ., Via della Scientifica Ricerca 1, Romedella 00133Via (Italy) Via del Castro Laurenziano 7,(Italy)00161Laurenziano Castro Rome del Via -500 Via dellaRicerca Scientiﬁca 1,00133Rome(Italy) Via delCastro Laurenziano 7,00161Rome(Italy) vs 1 (05 54; (2005) 17 , Electroanalysis . Ag/AgCl, . 2 1, 2, 3, * 2,3, 1, saturated 1, 2,3,* comparative study sat *[email protected] 2 *[email protected] - 0 1M , Cluj-Napoca (Romania) Cluj-Napoca , I, C. , I, Popescu Cluj-Napoca (Romania) I. C.Popescu -1 ; ;

[2] study K. A. Joshi, J. Tang, R. Haddon, J. Wang, W. W. Wang, J. Haddon, R. Tang, J. Joshi, A. K. reduction at the G/SWCNT-hemin/Nafion nitrite G/SWCNT-hemin/Nafion the the electrode. hemin on at effect reduction the beneficial a exerted on presence SWCNT The activity. electrocatalytic matrix and a immobilization the provide of influence the of figure) evaluation measurements quantitative see treatment, voltammetry Laviron’s cyclic was 3]. [2, reduction electrocatalytic nitrite the (graphite) out carry to way effective an be matrix to proved electrocatalytic of support the the as acting material conductive a (iii) on immobilization carbon (i) electrocatalyst the film for polymer single-wall a used resorcinol) electropolymerized or (Nafion (ii) or SWCNTs), containing: nanotubes, enzyme molecular mimetic small material a (hemin, theelectrocatalyst electrode [1]. high veryis activation of energy its that evidence providing Complete electrochemical studies (using (using studies electrochemical Complete composite a of use the context, this In 1 1 , , A.Curulli , A. Curulli

[3] 3 3 , , G. Palleschi G. , G. Palleschi . a, . Chen, J. Cai, C. 2 2 Anal. Anal. J. J. nemdae eeae ad ee on i te ag (.0 t 063 x 10 x 0.683) to (0.507 range the in found were and generated intermediate the for weredetermined (k) constants rate order first psuedo of values the and oxidation lcroiie pout wr sprtd y eirprtv HL ad were and HPLC semipreparative by m.p., seperated by characterized were products Electrooxidised

lcrd (G) Vlamti, olmti, pcrl tde ad product and studies spectral reaction EC an in graphite coulometric, occurs 6H a involving pyrolytic 3',5'-CAMP of using oxidation 10.07 the Voltammetric, that – indicate characterization 2.13 (3',5'- (PGE). range monophosphate pH cyclic the – electrode in 5' studied 3', been – has adenosine CAMP) of oxidation voltammetric The

lo en rsne t acut o te omto o vros products various of formation the for account to has presented 3',5'-CAMP been of mechanism also redox the of the interpretation as detailed linked) A -O-O- products.. and -C-C- side ( dimers three and product major as monophosphate ocue ta te tahet f hsht gop i aeoie aiiae te free the facilitates adenosine in dimers. groups various formationof the to pathwayleading radical phosphate of attachment the that concluded Voltammetric oninvestigations the oxidation of adenosine- 3', 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate pyrolyticat graphite eletrode *Department of chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology India 667,*DepartmentofInstitute chemistry, Roorkee– Indian Roorkee, 247 *Department ofchemistry, IndianInstituteofTechnology Roorkee,Roorkee–247667,India adenosine-3’, 5’-cyclicmonophosphateatpyrolytic Voltammetric investigationsontheoxidationof 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th + , 6e process at pH 7.24. UV/Vis spectral changes were observed during during observed were changes spectral UV/Vis 7.24. pH at process 6e , Phone: +91-1332-285794, Fax: +91-1332-273560 +91-1332-285794, Fax: +91-1332-273560 Phone: Phone: +91-1332-285794,Fax:+91-1332-273560 Rajendra N. Goyal* and Anuradha Tyagi Anuradha Goyal*and N. Rajendra Rajendra N.Goyal*and N 1 HNMR, FT-IR and GC-Mass as allantoin cyclic ribose ribose cyclic allantoin as GC-Mass and FT-IR HNMR, N NH E-mail: E-mail: E-mail: [email protected] 2 graphite eletrode H N N [email protected] H H H

CH H 2 Anuradha Tyagi - O- P - OH - P O-- O O n

. It has been been has It -3 s S2·P-119 -1

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-120 ellipsometric parameters so that the laser beam is reflected on the working electrode. A significant change in the chronopotentiometry. constant-current The measuring with cell consists surface of a gold three electrode a set-up, arranged on copper depositing by conducted been have Preliminary tests using the combination of electrochemistry and imaging ellipsometry matrix. The latterwillbeinvestigatedbyelectrochemicalimpedancespectroscopy. may affect the conformation of the hydrogel, and the ion mobility within the hydrogel effect of potential control of a surface hosting a hydrogel. The idea is that the potential ellipsometer.imaging the with Wethe time investigate real also in will monitored be hence will gradient molecular the of formation The 2. ref. in described as gradient, potential electrochemical an generate using surfaces, gold will on WeSAMs alkanethiol level. of gradients molecular the on structures biomimetic self-organized of The applications of this instrumental set-up mainly focus on the creation and analysis the µmrangeandathicknessresolutioninsub-Årange. detector,lateral resolutionin obtained with be contrast ellipsometricimagescan high as camera CCD a with combined lens focusing a Using [1]. surface a on layers thin of distribution thickness the visualization of for tool powerful a hand, other the on is, ellipsometry Imaging study. under system the information of behaviour obtain and structure to the about used be will spectroscopy) impedance electrochemical and voltammetry,potentiometry,(i.e. techniques electrochemical Several surfaces. metal various at occurring phenomena biological and chemical- physical-, investigating in useful very is it method, sensitive surface a is electrochemistry Since electrodes. at imaging ellipsometry, allowing for example real time imaging of processes occurring In this contribution, we will explore the combination of electrochemical techniques and reactions and interactions on different artificial substrates for biomimetic applications. The overall aim of the work presented here is to develop methods to analyze and control 2 KM Bas BD Clmn CH Lnfr, .. ash PW Bh, . Phys. J. P.W. Bohn, Haasch, R.T. Lansford, C.H. Coleman, B.D. Blass, K.M. [2] [1] J.Gang,P. Tengvall, I.Lundström,H. Arwin, Anal. Biochem.232(1995) 69 determine thethicknessofdifferent surfacelayers. to system surface the of model a with together used be then could parameters These Electrochemistry combined withimagingellipsometry S-SENCE andDivisionof Applied Physics,Dept.ofChemistryandBiology(IFM), Chem. B105(2001)8970 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Linköpings universitet,SE-58183Linköping,Sweden Christian Ulrich Δ and Ψ were seen upon deposition and oxidation of copper. *[email protected] * and Fredrik Björefors the determinationofcysteineinpharmaceuticalformulations. supporting at various scan rates to elucidate the reaction mechanism. The results were applied to the of effect The investigated. electrolyte, the been pH and the has cathodic potential on pulse, the reduction differentialcurves has been and obtained wave square cyclic, namely, techniques, voltammetric different using electrodes platinum at Cysteine of reduction electrochemical the of study detailed a work, present the In reduced the consumption ofreagentsandemissionseffluents. concern advantages Other agent. buffering and electrolyte supporting suitable a with dilution simple a only often requires samples of analysis procedures; simple with responses quick enable They considered. be could measurements based electrode conventional most at surfaces. As an overpotentials alternative to previous methods reported require in literature, electrochemical- and selectivity low present or amperometric detection following liquid electrode chromatographic separation. These methods mercury a using namely too, performed been have cysteine of studies these Moreover group. methods sulfhydryl are easily affected free by the colour and turbidity the of the sample. Electrochemical with reacts that colour-producing reagent a derivatizing or adding require usually methods or These spectrophotometric detection. fluorometric by followed chromatography liquid high-performance and Several methods have been reported for the system cells. measurement of cysteine, immune between such communication the in as role important an colorimetric play may acid amino addition, this In low. are cysteine of levels HIV,blood with infected people in studies, also be converted into glucose and used as a source of energy and according to several cysteines within a polypeptide support the protein’s secondary structure. Cysteine can between bridges disulfide Intracellularly, resistance. proteolytic confer to functions This increases sense. the molecular stability in the harsh extracellular environment, intramolecular and also an in proteins crosslinking by role valuable a plays Cysteine that acids amino few quantities. small in only though proteins, the most in found is and group thiol of a contains the one is in It synthesized methionine. be from can example for it body, that human meaning acid, amino nonessential a is Cysteine Cathodic Behaviour ofCysteine ataPlatinumElectrode REQUIMTE, GrupodeReacçãoe Análises Químicas,InstitutoSuperiordeEngenhariadoPorto, M. Carmo Vaz*, M. Teresa Santos, 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431,4200-072Porto,Portugal *[email protected] Cristina Delerue-Matosand Fátima Barroso S2·P-121

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-122 1 control to actuators electrical as well as systems The interpretation use. processes. biotechnological of data process metabolism the and logging data on measurement circuits, specific dependence sensor by in completed is system made measuring be to be to sensors is electrochemical the integrated, of choice The intervals. time defined at place took glucose and air of Addition seen. be to is denitrificans P. type the of microorganisms of adapted glucose cultivation a during cell measuring and single-rod the specific redox a of and sensor nitrate run oxygen the an of signals 2 potential, system Fig. In redox processes. metabolism the microbial chemostatic clarify measure miniaturised to and concentration to the used using of are in progress sensors the line, about miniaturised Furthermore, hints on important processes. delivers chemostat value oxidative This solution. the nutrient the in in concentration oxygen the determined concerns it growth, aerobic the the For of sensors. be electrochemical growth the for shall relevant parameters, additional cultures, this yet For not way. are behaviour this detected in the possible of causes the of explanations However, nutrient solution. the of composition the on independent and invasive not cultures proceeds. of condition fermentation the where small-scale cell physiological the characterise to reaction allows processes such for power thermal the Detecting calorimetric out small a carry contains 1 Fig. to in shown chemostat The processes. metabolism and the sensory of characterisation the for sensors the parameters on electrochemical and calorimetric cultivation are system the based of and items Main syntheses. fermentative analysis several microorganisms situ by in of the processes for determination matabolism system measuring of chemostatic clarification a about reported is It 2 W. Vonau W. Analysis metabolism of microorganisms by processes in Analysis ofmetabolismprocesses bymicroorganisms in W. Vonau TU BAF, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Leipziger Str. 29, D-09596 Leipziger Str.29, Institut für Freiberg,Germany Chemie, BAF, Physikalische TU 1 Kurt-Schwabe-Institut, Kurt-Schwabe-Straße 4, D-04720Kurt-Schwabe-Straße Ziegra-Knobelsdorf, Germany4, Kurt-Schwabe-Institut, 2 Fig. 1: Miniature chemostat Fig. 2: Fig. Cultivation process 1: Fig. Miniature chemostat 1 TU BAF, InstitutfürPhysikalischeChemie,LeipzigerStr. 29,D-09596Freiberg, Germany Kurt-Schwabe-Institut, Kurt-Schwabe-Straße4,D-04720Ziegra-Knobelsdorf,Germany 3 1* 1* IMM Ingenieurbüro, Leipziger Str. 32, D-09648 Mittweida, Germany Germany D-09648Mittweida, 32, Str. Leipziger IMM Ingenieurbüro, 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th 3 , F. Berthold F. , , F. Berthold IMM Ingenieurbüro, LeipzigerStr. 32,D-09648Mittweida,Germany 1 1 small scale-fermenters small scale-fermenters , , S. Herrmann S. , S. Herrmann *[email protected] *[email protected] *[email protected] P. Klare P. P. Klare 1 1 , , J. Harmel J. ,

J. Harmel 3 3

2 2 , , R. Hüttl R. , R. Hüttl

2 2 , G. Wolf , G. Wolf G. , 2 , 2 , K. Held K. , K. Held 3 , 3 , ,

permeability of amino functionalized mesoporous silica layer for Fe(CN) for layer silica mesoporous the functionalized amino to of the on ion- permeability value ions pH the as of of effect the shows act flux 1 Figure pH. protonated thechanging with surface easily electrode selectively be controlling layers, can which pH-switchable groups permselective with functionalized films The surface covered with such film. withfilm. such covered surface left) and cyclovoltametric response of Fe(CN) of response cyclovoltametric and left) image, (TEM groups amino with films silica mesoporous a of Functionalization 1. Fig. NH of barrier electrostatic the to due cations for closed is film the time same the At pH. the on dependence linear a showing anions, the for permeable highly is film the 1-6 of pH 1 while silica, alkylaminofunctionalized the 60 and 260 90, achieves concentration electroactive The bonds. ester and to ionically peptide via iodo-groups hexacyanoferrate- and amino- to bonded covalently was acid and anchored ferrocenecarboxylic Polyoxometalate- were [1]. bonds anions covalent or ionic via moieties redox discrete of immobilization for matrix a as used be can films such Thus, surface. electrode the of properties interface the change drastically and electrodes modified as serve can interior pore the in groups functional various bearing films silica Mesoporous ihr oprd o mnlyr n n lcrd. uh hn im lcrds with electrodes film thin Such electrode. an on perspectivein be can definedtexture monolayer a times to several compared being higher respectively, ferrocene, and hexacyanoferrate polyoxometalate, flux of ions, which can be used in permselective or separation analysis of charged charged of analysis separation or permselective in used species. be can which ions, the enhance of or flux block completely can layers such structure, porous open their of spite [1] D. Fattakhova Rohlfing, J. Rathousky, Y. Rohlfing, O. Bartels, M. Wark, Wark, M. Bartels, O. Rohlfing, Y. Rathousky, J. Rohlfing, Fattakhova D. [1] 3 21 + groups. The anion flux to the electrode ceases by increasing pH above 7. So, in in So, 7. above pH increasing by ceases electrode the to flux anion The groups. , , 2005 Functionalized mesoporous films silica ion- as Functionalized mesoporous silicaﬁlmsas 1 permselective pH-switchable permselective pH-switchable electrode layers Institute of Physical Chemistry Electrochemistry,Physical Hanover, of and University Institute 1 , 11320. ,11320. Institute ofPhysicalChemistryandElectrochemistry, UniversityHanover, Michael Michael Wark 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th 2 J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Pragueof J.Heyrovsky Chemistry, Institute 2 Wark J. Heyrovsky InstituteofPhysicalChemistry, Prague *[email protected] *[email protected] *[email protected] 1 1 , DinaFattakhova-Rohlﬁng , Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing Dina , e.g. electrocatalysis or electroanalysis. electroanalysis. or electrocatalysis 6 -anions at different pH on an electrode electrode an on pH different at -anions electrode layers 1, 1, *, *, Ji i Rathousky i *,Ji Jiři Rathousky ion- 2 2 µ

6 mol/cm

ain. At -anions. Langmuir Langmuir 3 S2·P-123 for for

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-124 and their applicability for electroanalysis assessed. shaped regions of polycrystalline boron doped diamond (BDD), have been investigated fabricated entirely from diamond with insulating intrinsic diamond surrounding disc- Spatial variations in the electrical and electrochemical activity of microarray electrodes, A.L.Colley, C. G. Williams, U. D’Haenens 1 Johansson, M. E. Newton, P. R. Unwin, below thediffusion-limited value. variations in the electroactivity of individual grains are apparent when the potential is caution However, far-reaching. should be exercised in the kinetic analysis of voltammetric measurements, since wide is applications electroanalytical in measurements silver. The possibility of using these array electrodes for steady-state diffusion-limited metallic of electrodeposition the on studies by evidenced as rates, different at albeit transfer, electron supported microdisk the within grains activity,all lower a showed the array appeared to show predominantly metallic behaviour. For the in electrodes electrodes of which majority small However,the electrodes. between response the a in variation was there electrochemical conditions, steady-state Scanning diffusion-limited apparently microdisk. under that, BDD a revealed mode within collection generation–tip substrate in operating vary (SECM) microscopy to found was grains of differentconducting-AFM, theconductivity grainsexposed.Usingofthedifferent variety a with BDD polycrystalline contains array the within microdisk BDD Each array.the over nm 10 ± than more no of roughness a reveals surface the of imaging Electroactivity ofBoron DopedDiamondMicroarray N. R. Wilson andJ. V. Macpherson, inpress Cara G. Williams, Departments ofChemistry Newton, Examination oftheSpatiallyHeterogeneous 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th o

Patrick R.Unwin, +

Anna L.Colley, + *[email protected] and Physics Electrodes + NeilR. Wilson, + o

, UniversityofWarwick, Coventry, CV47AL. Ulrika D’HaenensJohansson, Anal. Chem 1 Atomic force microscopy o Julie V. Macpherson . o

Mark E. + * (AFM) amplitude of NO reduction current showed well linear dependence on the NO NO the on dependence H linear 0.5M well in showed concentration current reduction NO of amplitude based on polyoxometalates will be possible to become promising candidates for for candidates promising become to possible moleculedetection. simple of sensors developingelectrochemical effective be will polyoxometalates system on sensing the based that suggested also but solution, aqueous in NO of detection the for device new a provided only not sensor NO such of creation The inexpensive. and respectively. image, AFM and (XPS) spectroscopy photoelectron X-ray of means by characterized were electrode ______1.9 ∗ China; R. P. 130024, Changchun, University, Normal Northeast Chemistry, of Department Aqueous Solution Polypyrrole Composite for the Detection of Nitric Oxide in Electrochemical An Based Sensor Phosphomolybdate On - lcrd rsos ws ier ihn cnetain ag fo 1.9 from range concentration a within linear the was and 6s response than less electrode was POM-PPy-CPE such of time Response solution. aqueous in (NO) oxide nitric of detection the for limit detection low and stability longtime time, oyyrl (P) composite (PPy) polypyrrole CE cnann plooeaae PM ain ([P anion (POM) polyoxometalate containing (CPE) in NO of detection specific and reliable significance. of considerable are control pollution industrial and systems biological The response. blood of immune regulation the the and including pressure functions cellular and biological of variety wide

Corresponding author: Tel:author: Corresponding Fax:++86-431-5099668 ++86-431-5099668; An Electrochemical Sensor Based On Phosphomolybdate Department ofChemistry, NortheastNormalUniversity, Changchun,130024,P. R.China;E-mail: × Additionally, the preparation method of the sensor electrode is convenient, easy, convenient, is electrode sensor the of method preparation the Additionally, 10 A new electrochemical NO sensor with bulk-modified carbon paste electrode electrode paste carbon bulk-modified with sensor NO electrochemical new A a in role important very a plays (NO) oxide nitric gas regulatory short-lived The - Polypyrrole Compositefor theDetectionofNitric

-3 M. Detection limit defined as a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 was about 1 about was 3 of ratio signal-to-noise a as defined limit Detection M. 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th YangLinXu Cui, Copper wire Copper Oxide in Aqueous Solution E-mail: Yang Cui,

2 SO

Hard plastic Hard was found to exhibit fine repeatability, short response response short repeatability, fine exhibit to found was 4 [email protected] . The composition and surface morphology of the the of morphology surface and composition The . [email protected] Lin Xu , Stainless steel Stainless

∗ Guanggang Gao Gao Guanggang Glass tube Glass ,

∗

Guanggang Gao Pt sick Pt

n 2 POM-PPy Mo 18 O 62 ] 6- r [PMo or × 12 10 µ O M. The M. -6 40 to M ] 3- S2·P-125 - )

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-126 This workwassupportedbyFONDECYT, project Nº1040935and7050280 1 SBlo CYñz JSum LJNñzVraa ad ..qel. Langmuir, J.A.Squella. and L.J.Núñez-Vergara, J.Sturm, C.Yáñez, S.Bollo, [1] the datausingLangmuirisothermhasbeencarriedout. of Treatmentobserved. was increase concentration to according current the increase An electrodes. these with tested were estradiol of concentrations Different surface. the on was fixed CD the response of cavity current and estradiol between a association indicating However,obtained observed. was estradiol of current oxidation enhanced of no but electrode, modified on found was potentials positive more to mV an showed Estradiol steroid. the mV(versus 385 at peak bare oxidation on Ag/AgCl) electrode. of Au A100 about shift oxidation before necessary were potential of region interested the in electrolyte support in cycles few a electrode. Also, modified multilayer reproducible no a giving surface electrode the on fixed CD of cavity into were obtained due probably thiol groups of results modified-CD in solution reproducible already penetrate no electrodes: modified completely these used we when found were difficulties several because electrodes, modified the use previously necessary are mixed ethanol/water results with washing exhaustive completely and time The modification the of Optimization surface. ferrocenemethanol. electrode the of 95% and about covered CDs that ferricyanide showed as two such using experiments probes voltammetric electroactives cyclic and KOH in experiments desorption reductive both by performed was study coverage The hrs. 12 during CDs thiolated was of solution ethanolic an as in electrode gold the obtained of immersion by [1] were described already electrodes modified The these electrodes. using modified estradiol of CD electro-oxidation thiolated study to is work present the in aim The voltammetry andscanningelectrochemicalmicroscopy(SECM)[1,2] cyclic both characterized were which electrodes, gold of modification successfully SAMs on electrode surface. We have reported the synthesis of thiolated CDs and the forming modifiers electrode known well are CDs thiolated molecules. them, Among organic with complexes inclusion stable form to capable cavity hydrophobic central Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic water-soluble D-glucopyranose oligomers featuring a Evaluation ofthiolated R.Gonzalez-Jonte, Chem.Comm.,(2004)2230-2231. 9 20) 3537. 2 AFaoo EAmrl, .a, .ceoe and L.Echegoyen R.Cao, E.Almirall, A.Fragoso, [2] 3365-3370. (2003) 19 1 Departamento deQuímicaOrgánica yFisicoquímica, FacultaddeCienciasQuímicasy 2 Universidad Pedagógica“RafaelMaríadeMendive”.PinardelRio. 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Claudia Y towards estradiolelectrooxidation Farmacéuticas, UniversidaddeChile.Santiago, áñ ez 1 *, *e-mail: [email protected] Sebastián Finger β-cyclodextrin modifiedelectrode 1 andEduardo Almirall Cuba 2 different. Owing to their own unique CE−ED electropherograms fingerprint profiles, profiles, fingerprint distinguished. be can sources fromdifferent herbs the electropherograms CE−ED unique own their to Owing different. components in each part of part each in components References References [3] X.G. Zhou, C.Y. Zheng, J.Y. Sun, T.Y. You, J. Chromatogr. A in press. Chromatogr.C.Y.press. Zheng, J. T.Y. You, J.Y. in AZhou, Sun, X.G. [3] of fingerprint of Technology Research Xu, X.F. Wei, L.X. Xu, Y.H. Lei, H.M. Zhou, Y.X. [2] Drašar,3.Moravcova,Chromatogr. J. [1] P. (2004) 812 B of orders 1-3 over obtained was linearity were The ( min. analytes limits detection The magnitude. the 6 conditions, within the optimized separated on the time baseline Under injection and examined. concentration were buffer determination pH, buffer nature, buffer detection potential, the of effects The herb. this of leaf) and stem rhizome, (root, parts different the in rutin) and acid chlorogenic (isofraxidin, ingredients bioactive the of distribution of Senticosus analysis fingerprint the of discuss would analyses we Here, fingerprint [3]. paper The previous our in herbs. studied was CE−ED with these plants of species distinguish different and plant to of parts their different applied and be compositions can of CE−ED by difference the obtained profiles fingerprint on unique the herbs, ultra-small in Based components electroactive of sensitivity, contents cost. high low efficiency, and high volume speed, sample high as such possesses advantages method many (CE−ED) been detection electrochemical has with electrophoresis analysis capillary fingerprint Recently, efficacy. methods, other with Compared quality. herbal control to method common a as accepted and ensure to safety important very quality, is TCMs of authenticity, analysis the [2], stage growth the and climate, for diseases various treat soil, by influenced are herbs in components active to the Because [1]. years thousand over used been have (TCMs) Medicines Chinese Traditional 1 L Chemistry, Chinese Academy Chinese of Sciences, Chemistry, School Graduate Sciences,of Academy the Chinese -1  *Corresponding authors.Tel &Fax:+86-431-5262850.E-mailaddress: [email protected](T. You). a Chinese Academy ofSciences,GraduateSchooltheChinese Academy ofSciences,Changchun, Corresponding authors. Tel & Fax: +86-431-5262850. E-mail address: [email protected] (T. & +86-431-5262850. address:Tel [email protected] Corresponding authors. E-mail Fax: StateKeyLaboratoryofElectroanalytical Chemistry, ChangchunInstituteof Applied Chemistry, for all analytes. The results also indicated that the contents of these active active these of contents the that indicated also results The analytes. all for Chinese Traditional Medicine, Press of Chemical Industry, Beijing, 2002. TraditionalMedicine, Chinese PressofBeijing, Chemical Industry, Maxim.) Harmsfrom Different Sources byCapillary Maxim.) Harms fromDifferent Sources byCapillary a Identification of Identification of State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, ofKey Electroanalytical ChangchunState Laboratory of Applied Institute Electrophoresis withElectrochemical Detection Electrophoresis withElectrochemical Detection (Rupr. Et Maxim.) Harms from different sources, and investigate the the investigate and sources, different from Harms Maxim.) Et (Rupr. b Life Science College, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, University, Heilongjiang150080, College, Life Science China b b LifeScienceCollege,HeilongjiangUniversity, Harbin,150080,China 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Xiaoguang Zhou Xiaoguang Xiaoguang Zhou Acanthopanax Senticosus Acanthopanax Acanthopanax Senticosus Acanthopanax Senticosus Changchun, 130022, China, China, 130022, Changchun, S a a , Chunying Zheng Chunying , , / N Chunying Zheng 130022, China, =3) ranged from 1.0×10 from ranged =3) You). You).

b b , Tianyan You Tianyan , , (Rupr. Et Maxim.) Harms were Harms Maxim.) Et (Rupr. Tianyan You -7 mol L mol (Rupr. Et a, (Rupr. Et a, * * , -1 , , to 1.5×10 to Acanthopanax Acanthopanax -6 mol S2·P-127

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-128 without separationsteps. biosample a in selectively cysteine detect to possible is it influences. Therefore, their reduced significantly layer Nafion a with electrode FSO-gold the of modification the tryptophan. and Although tyrosine the presence of large excess glutathione, AA cystine, may still interfere the detection of (UA), cysteine, acid uric (AA), acid ascorbic glucose, as such biomolecules, other of oxidation the inhibits generally electrode the (~ 0.25 V vs SCE at pH 7). It is interesting to note that the adsorption layer of FSO at electrodes, and an oxidation wave of cysteine was observed at a relatively gold low modify to FSO) potential (Zonyl species fluorosurfactant nonionic study,used this we In biomolecules could be oxidized at this potential, leading to poor detection selectivity. apply a high potential (usually ~ 1.0 V vs SCE) for its electrochemical detection. Many The large overpotential of cysteine oxidation at noble electrodes makes it necessary to of specificthiolsinbiologicalsampleswithoutseparationstepsisattractive. and HPLC as such capillary techniques, electrophoresis. The development separation of much simpler some methods for the detection with conjugating by achieved be could determination selective the and aminothiols, of sensing the for used been have methods fluorimetric and electrochemical Many AIDS. and growth, slowed lesions, deficiency is associated with a number of clinical situations, such as liver damage, skin Its metabolite. and agent thiol-containing as importance physiological of is Cysteine Detection ofCysteineUsingNonionicFluorosurfactant- 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Department ofChemistry, TheUniversityofHongKong,China Modified GoldElectrode Zuofeng Chen, * [email protected] Yanbing Zu * exhibit hysteresis, other interfacial parameters such as the electron ( electron the as such parameters interfacial other hysteresis, exhibit ions and further transforms them in Fe in them transforms further and ions n itrail aaiac ( capacitance interfacial and ( resistance transfer charge the and interface polymer-solution the at resistances [4] M.A. Vorotyntsev, C.Deslouis,M.M.Musiani, B. Tribollet, K. Aoki, [3] R. Tucceri, J.ofNewMaterialsforElectrochemicalSystems, 2005,inpress. [2] A. Bonfranceschi, A. P [1]J. Yano, H.Kawakami,S. Yamasaki, Y. Kanno,J.oftheElectrochem. ferric ions. Electrode Disk Rotating Voltammetry employing (RDEV) by [2] and demonstrated is it modified POAP work this at In process electrodes. propagation charge the affects capture cation this that In this sense POAP can function as potentiometric ferric ion sensor [1]. It is expected Fe capture to seems that polymer electroactive an is (POAP) Poly-o-aminophenol mentioned hysteresis between the increase and decrease of the amount of captured of amount the of decrease and increase the between hysteresis mentioned capacitance ( models [4] were employed in order to interpret the experimental impedance plots. ( electron as such parameters While impedance experimental the interpret to order in employed were [4] models charge and Twoimpedance transport capture. cation of charge degree the differenton films POAP of the parameters transfer of dependencies the extract to order in after to eliminate part of ferric ions. Ac impedance measurements were POAP on also remains performed hysteresis a way this In recovered. fully not was distribution site reducing the amount of ferric ions on POAP by an alkali treatment, the original redox which become more extended, as the higher is the content of ferric ions. However, by transport by using RDEV allows one to infer the existence of redox sites distributions, electron the of study ions. The ferric containing solution a of presence the in process soaking a to subjected be to after films POAP and films POAP prepared freshly of response voltammetric the comparing by of [3] POAP for degree defined A was benzoquinone/hydroquinone). capture cation (p- solution in couple redox active an Facultad deCienciasExactas,UniversidadNacionalLaPlata,Sucursal4,CasillaCorr Instituto deInvestigacionesFisicoquímicasTeóricas y Aplicadas, DepartamentodeQuímica, J. 148 Electrochim.

propagation process ofpoly(o-aminophenol)ﬁlm Electroanal.Chem.,477(1999)1.

(2001)E61-E65. The effectofthecationcapture onthecharge 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Cp) as a function of the degree of cation captures (increase and decrease)

Acta, 44,2105(1999). é rez C 16, (1900),LaPlata, Argentina C ac impedance measurements on POAP films contacting * [email protected] H a te ea/oye itrae d nt xii the exhibit not do interface, metal/polymer the at ) órdoba, S.Keunchkarian,Zapata,R. Tucceri, electrodes e) and ion ( ion and De) R. Tucceri +2 ions through interaction with its redox sites. redox its with interaction through ions * i) diffusion coefficients and redox and diffusioncoefficients Di) e) and ion ( ion and Re) Soc.,

eo R R S2·P-129 +3 t) i)

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-130 netgtd n qeu NaNO aqueous in systematically being investigated is electrodes Ag crystal single and poly- surface controlled Acknowledgments: The financial support of the Italian Research Council is gratefully Vertova,Rondinini, Journal A. S. Russian Forlini, Daolio, A. S. Doubova, M. L. [2] [1] M.H.Schoenfisch,J.E.Pemberton,J.Am.ChemSoc.1998,120,4502. high stabilitywithatmosphericpollutantelements[1,2]. HS(CH the work present In Ag-supported and Au-supported SAMs. are demonstrated also the different space accommodations of water molecules within which have been shifted on Ag to the more potential peak desorption negative the in observed potentials. were alkanthiolate given a of differencesTheoretical calculations significant The Au. on those to similar interactions chain-solvent hydrocarbon and Ag on SAMs of studies desorption reductive single crystal electrodes have been shown the The results for the hydrocarbon chain-chain 0º. to 15º from ranges normal the to head S (as surface Ag substrate the to respect with angle tilt their although Au) on the alkanthiols by of bonded (SAM) monolayers are molecules chemisorbed Ag, self-assembled of case the In environments. any with layer organic of interaction the a and properties structure surface long rangeelectron-transfer phenomena ofsuchorderedadlayerssinceitdetermines top the investigate to study this of object The of stability. formation and tarnishing silver film the on of dependent significantly be will applications these reduction of films. All protective for tested also were Ag on films including corrosion inhibitions, chemical microsensors and as biomaterials. Alkanthiol applications several for useful be to found are films Such substrate. the of choice the and chain alkyl the of length the on depending conditions certain under monolayers Self-assembling of alkanthiols molecules on noble metals provides dense and ordered acknowledged. found rather small in was air exposure electrodes and generally silver SAMs on on Ag SAM retain their alkanthiol integrity and length chain long rather of oxidation The structure. chain alkyl packed closely the penetrate to species oxidant the possibility of and properties blocking transfer electron of respect with tested were procedures atmospheric in periods prolong for exposure o/and were conserved under the solutions. Protective effectiveness of two exposed were electrodes Ag on thiol decane of films The method. voltammetry cyclic with combining experiments impedance Institute forEnergetics andInterphasesofthe ItalianResearch Council,CorsoStatiUniti4, of Electrochemistry, submitted. Studies ofelectron transfer through Self-assembled 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Lioudmila M.Doubova monolayer onsilver electrodes 35127, Padua,Italy; 2 ) 10 l frain ad hi saiiy n different on stability their and formations film 3 ouin y en o dfeet aaiy and capacity different of means by solution * , Monica Fabrizio, * [email protected] Sergio Daolio t polyamine as a [2] using (TIC) (NeoTT) Complexation” 2,5,8,11,14-pentaaza[15]-16,29-phenanthrolinophane Interfacial macrocycle by detection Cr(VI) “Transfer The by cation. done as Cr(III) was the and (chromate) oxo-anion as present mostly Cr(VI) being state oxidation Cr two the between difference charge on based artificial receptor [2] C. Bazzicalupi, A. Bencini, V. Fusi, C. Giorgi, P. Paoletti and B. Valtancoli, Inorg. [1] V. Beni, M. Ghita and D.W.M. Arrigan, Biosens. Bioelectron., 20, (2005), 2097- (2005), 20, D.W.M.Bioelectron., and Biosens. V.Ghita [1] Arrigan, M. Beni, voltammetry asatoolfortheanalyticalinvestigationofanions. perform to voltammetry ITIES of ability of detection the selective assess to was work this of aim The biological processes,whereasCr(IV)isabout100-1000timesmoretoxic. in role essential and plays and harmless relatively is Cr(III) health. in and environment impact contrasting a have chromium of states valence relevant environmentally states oxidation which makes the detection of Cr(VI) chromium species a challenging task and as these two Cr(III) in exist may chromium solutions In speciation. metal [1]. Speciation is one of the major challenges in environmental chemistry, particularly selectivity strong a by characterized sensor new developing of opportunity the gives also lipophilicity) their improving of aim the with molecules target complex to (able sensor of the for lipophilicity of molecules, mainly drugs. Moreover the use tool of specific receptors recognition possible as development. ITIES has been proved to be a powerful technique for the investigation investigated been has (ITIES) Solutions Electrolyte TwoImmiscible between Interface the across reactions ion-transfer year recent In measurement. electronic for systems chemistries and devices transduction associated with together and recognition appropriate of consist sensors Chemical Voltammetry ofchromium(vi) atliquid|liquidinterfaces 2 Dipartimento diChimica,UniversitàFirenze, Via dellaLastruccia3,50019SestoFiorentino, Aoife M.O’Mahony Chem., 2103 1 Tyndall NationalInstitute,LeeMaltings,UniversityCollege,Cork,Ireland. 37, 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Damien W.M. Arrigan (1998),941–948. . Moreover this work is one of the few examples of the use of ITIES . The selective detection of the Cr(VI) versus Cr(III) is Cr(III) versus Cr(VI) the of detection selective The Cr(VI). 1 , Micheál D.Scanlon 1 , Firenze, Italy. Enrico Faggi 1 , Alfonso Berduque 2 and Andrea Bencini 1 , Valerio Beni 2 1 , S2·P-131

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-132 ammonium derivatives. As such, the the such, As derivatives. ammonium agent binding and efficient [3] cations uranyle example an for as such analytes and targeted currently various towards [2] electroactive be to known is derivative calixarene n hs ok w sget h ue f n meoerc esr ae on based sensor amperometric an of use the suggest we work, this In ( polypyrrole doped calix[6]arene hexasulfonated oceanic the sub- of understand nowadays. determination still achallenge is inseawater iron of concentrations nanomolar the allowing to device analytical concentration. an low crucial of very elaboration its the is to Therefore, due compromised oceans highly but iron in of role distribution geochemical iron of cartography the that deduce easily can one low data, these From estuaries. a in nM 400 and oceans display in nM latter These cations. 0,1 as low as III concentrations to therefore leading rapidly, iron precipitate thus and solubility provide to oxidised quickly are cations hydrogen and given here anion be to the long superoxide too anyway in be would roles as various its important of list such exhaustive and thus detailed A peroxide. species is oxygen and reactive dismutases of superoxide detoxification some in and peroxidases and Preliminary results concerning the validity of a a of validity the establish to concerning is aim results Our Preliminary introduced. correlations. type also performances analytical is morphology/ and modes conductivity/morphology several in (AFM) microscopy force atomic of help the with out carried characterisation electrical and morphological A properties. and preparation electrochemical its with dealing devices investigations hereafter analytic report amperometric thus We media. of analysis natural) or making (biological various in the applications at aimed for material fascinating a is polymer and nitrite reduction, N reduction, nitrate nitrite transport, and electron respiratory and photosynthetic as such processes key in metabolic involved are that proteins redox FeS and cytochromes in acts It [1]. organisms 1 electrochemical detection of Iron III in seawater will be discussed. discussed. willbe in seawater III ofIron detection electrochemical [3] K. Kaneto, G. Bidan, Thin Solid Films, 331 (1998) 272. 272. (1998) 331 Films, Solid Thin Bidan, G. Kaneto, K. [3] Chem., Electroanal. J. Arrigan, D.W.M. Ollivier, S. Magan-Oliva, N. Pailleret, A. [2] (2004) 85 Chem., Marine Sammartano, S. Millero, F.J. Milea, D. Gianguzza, A. [1] a UPR 15CNRSInterfacesetSystèmesElectrochimiques, UniversityP. etM.Curie,4PlaceJussieu, a UPR 15 CNRS Interfaces etInterfaces University 15CNRS Place M.Curie, SystèmesUPR et4 Electrochimiques, P. electrochemical detectionof cationiciron inseawater 508 (2001) 81. 81. (2001) 508 103. sulfonated calixarene doped polypyrrole ﬁlmsfor the of sulfonatedof calixarene doped polypyrrole films for thefor electrochemical detection cationic of iron In seawater, an oxygenated and weakly alkaline aqueous solution, iron II II iron solution, aqueous alkaline weakly and oxygenated an seawater, In Iron is an essential actor for the growth and metabolism of all marine marine all of metabolism and growth the for actor essential an is Iron Electrochemical and AFM characterizationof Electrochemical and AFM characterization 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th A.-C. Tassel, G. Folcher, A.Pailleret Folcher, G. A.-C.Tassel, A.-C. Tassel, G.Folcher, 2 fixation and sulfate reduction. It is also present in catalases catalases in present also is It reduction. sulfate and fixation Jussieu, 75252 Cédex 75252 Paris 05, Jussieu, France 75252 ParisCédex05,France [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] in seawater PPy:1 A. Pailleret functionalised electronically conducting conducting electronically functionalised PPy:1 *, *, C. Deslouis, *,Deslouis, C. PPy:1 C. Deslouis ) films. The cited anionic anionic cited The films. ) based sensor for the the for sensor based References cells. biofuel devices, bioelectric analysis, genome biosensing, for promising been has properties unique of nanomaterials with cells) and 1 D. M.C.; Daniel, Astruc, (1) biomolecules of glucose oxidase and hemoglobin were assembled on the the on assembled were was kinetics investigated. weresystematically biomolecules hemoglobin adsorption assembled the their of bioactivity and 2) and and (figure transfer electron direct methods the Finally, studied. different oxidase using by and films glucose nanostructured membrane of oxide biomolecules aluminium Then methods. electrochemical and anodic XRD SEM, using by characterized were materials and these crystals of property and structure 1), (figure morphology The deposition. electrochemical photonic of techniques demonstrate to models as used density. function high with glucose devices bioelectronic and biosensor for electrodes were functional of construction hemoglobin the for materials of such of importance transfer electron direct and oxidation Glucose area. of surface active characterization larger and biocompatibility and good conductivity, preparation good the structure, rigid with materials on nanostructured of assembly on focused based biointerfaces recently We are required. components active usually biologically immobilized the of density function and stability

(2) Shipway, A. N.; Katz, E.; E.; ChemPhysChem Katz, I. Shipway,N.; A. Willner, (2) Key lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, AnalyticalChemistryUniversity, Department for of Nanjing Life KeyScience, of lab Fi arpru P fl peae as prepared film the in text. described Pt macroporous Combination of biologically active components (enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids acids nucleic antibodies, (enzymes, components active biologically of Combination The nanostructured gold or platinum films were prepared by using the template template the using by prepared were films platinum or gold nanostructured The Nanostructured Materials Based Electrodes forbiofuel Key labof Analytical ChemistryforLifeScience,DepartmentofChemistry, NanjingUniversity, g r 1. ure Nanostructured MaterialsBasedElectrodes for Xing-Hua Xia Xing-Hua Xing-Hua Xia SEM photograph of a 3D 3D a of photograph SEM 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th *, Yan-Yan Song, Cui-Hong Wang and Jin-Hua Yuan, Yuan, Jin-Hua and Wang Cui-Hong Song, *,Yan-Yan *, Yan-Yan Song,Cui-Hong Wang andJin-Hua Yuan, Chem.Rev. Nanjing 210093, China 210093, Nanjing Nanjing 210093,China biofuel cells *[email protected] *[email protected]

cells cells 2004 , , resistance Fi measurements against incubation againstincubation measurements time. 104 Current (µA) g -10 10 -5 r 2. ure 0 5 1,2 , 293. 293. ,

To realize these applications, high high applications, these realize To 020002040.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.2 lt f h cag transfer charge the of Plot R

2000 et Potential (V (V Potential obtained from impedance impedance from obtained , , 1

,18. ,18. vs a b c SCE)

S2·P-133

Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster Electroanalysis and Sensors Symposium 2 - Poster S2·P-134 achieved. membrane cell living of surface the on protein the detecting directly for method immunoassay novel a membrane, gold/chitosan colloidal on tumor cell leukaemia of immobilization the on Based electrode. carbon glass nanotubes- modified carbon multi-wall a with proposed was test sensitivity drug anti-tumor by viability cell of study immobilization effectof living exogenous cells for on technique nanoparticles new was developed. a time, A same novel the electrochemical At current measurementsteps. system injection flow and washing incubation, the control automatically could developed. system This was a with coupled immunosensor disposable a using detection acetate cellulose with stabilized was membrane on a glassy carbon electrode. that A new simple immunoassay nanoparticles method for CEA gold colloidal of on immobilization CA125 the on based proposed was CA125 for immunosensor an Then, approach forsensitivedetectionofHCGwasproposed. immunosensing electrochemical reagentless novel a architecture, composite sol-gel nanoparticle/titania gold colloidal a in antibody HCG labeled HRP of encapsulation colloidal the Au a nanoparticles modified chitosan using membrane Another to by immobilize and immunoconjugate. antibody.With proposed was HCG sol-gel HCG for to system titania immunoassay labeled electrochemical in HRP immobilized HCG of of electrochemistry immobilization direct by constructed was (HCG) gonadotrophin chorionic serum human for immunosensor amperometric an Firstly, in ourlaboratory. cytosensing and immunosensors in development further the introduced presentation immunoassay chip and several flow-injection chemiluminescent immunoassays. This disposable a AFP,and including CEA CA19-9, CA125, as such markers, tumor for immunosensors and methods immunoassay several presented we study previous In diseases. cancer of therapy during examination follow-up and tumor evaluation diagnostic of detection The style. immuno-expression markers both in individual serum samples and on its cell membranes plays has an important role in cell initial Tumor The results The monitoring the proliferation and apoptosis of cells on the zwitterionic surface was surface zwitterionic the on cells of Thus apoptosis cells. and of proliferation the proliferation monitoring and attachment for interface biomimic appropriate an provided It constructed. was biocompatibility good with film monolayer zwitterionic Novel Electrochemical Immunosensors andCytosensing Key Laboratoryof Analytical ChemistryforLifeScience(EducationMinistryofChina), Department ofChemistry, NanjingUniversity, Nanjing210093,P. R.China

were comparable to ﬂow cytometric analysis. A new highly hydrophilic highly new Aanalysis. cytometric ﬂow to comparable were 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry of Society International the of Meeting Annual 57th Email: [email protected] Huangxian Ju *

a as developed. also was