ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS Volume LIX 24 Number 4, 2011 DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT IN SELECTED MICROREGIONS M. Palát Received: March 8, 2011 Abstract PALÁT, M.: Demographic development in selected microregions. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2011, LIX, No. 4, pp. 203–218 The paper is aimed at the population development analysis of the Běleč, Lučina, Cézava and Podluží regions. In the studied period an increase in the mid-year population occurred, the proportion of women was predominant. As for demographic indicators, following parameters were evaluated: the number of population, the structure of population according to sex and age, death rate, birth-rate, marriage rate, divorce rate and migration. To express the development prediction of these indicators methods of time series were used. The population is getting older due to the extending live expectancy and decreasing mortality rate. The demographic aging of the population brings about a number of economic and social impacts, which require treatment both on the all-society and regional level. population development, microregion, demography, demographic indicators A voluntary association of villages is termed rate, marriage rate, divorce rate, abortion, total as a microregion. It originates on the basis of the increase, natural increase and increase through initiation of particular villages, not on the ground of migration were analysed. the decision of a governing body or by law. Villages Time series of demographic indicators were fi tted involved in it strive together for economic, cultural using suitable regression functions (Marková, Palát, and social development. The high rate of the 2009; Palát, 2008, 2009; Palát, Maca, 2004, 2005; interconnection of particular villages is necessary Svatošová, 2009, 2010). Databases of the Czech for the successful achievement of the development Statistic Offi ce available on www.czso.cz were the of all villages in the microregion. Particularly due source of data. to this integrity an integrated rural microregion diff ers from the simple association of villages. Main RESULTS AND DISCUSSION advantages of a microregion are as follows: the microregion can obtain money for the association development and also through the sharing of Microregion Běleč fi nancial as well as non-fi nancial sources of more The Běleč microregion consists of following villages; the microregion can also use fi nancial villages: Biřkov, Červené Poříčí, Chocomyšl, sources, which cannot be used by particular villages. Chudenice, Dolany, Ježovy, Kaničky, Křenice, Mezihoří, Němčice, Poleň, Švihov, Úboč, Únějovice, Vřeskovice and Všepadly. MATERIAL AND METHODS The number of inhabitants of the Běleč The aim of the paper is to analyse the population microregion showed the decreasing course of values development of the Běleč and Lučina microregions in 1991–1999 as illustrated in Fig. 1. On the contrary, within the monitored period of 1991–2008, the since 2000, this indicator shows an increasing trend. Cézava microregion in 1990–2007 and the Podluží In the time interval of 1991–2008, an increase in the microregion in 1990–2007. During this period, number of inhabitants by 24 persons occurred. In demographic indicators such as birth rate, death relative expression, it refers to a 0.5 per cent increase. 203 204 M. Palát The highest fall in the number of inhabitants was The number of males and females in the region noted in 1991. The number of inhabitants decreased was nearly balanced in the course of last three by 86 persons, ie from 5 231 in 1990 to 5 145 in monitored years. In 2008, the number of men even 1991. The most marked increase in the number of exceeded the number of females in the region. inhabitants occurred in 2007 when the number of Between 1991 and 2008, the proportion of women inhabitants in the region increased by 111 per2sons. in the population decreased by 3.1%. The number In microregion Běleč in 1991–2005, the of men in the population increased by 105 persons proportion of females in population is evident during the monitored period, ie an increase by 4.2%. (Fig. 2).The proportion of males in population When comparing the age structure of the decreased until 2000. On the contrary, it is possible microregion inhabitants with the population of to note the increasing proportion of males in the the Plzeň region (Tab. II) it is possible to note that region population since 2001. The number of the microregion population grows old faster than females in the population decreased yearly till 1999. the region population. The proportion of persons For the rest of the monitored period, the number in preproductive age in the total population of of females showed alternately an increasing and the Běleč microregion was higher at the end of decreasing trend. the monitored period than in the region (14.8% in the microregion as against 13.8% in the region), 5200 5150 5100 n 5050 5000 Populatio 4950 4900 4850 991 993 995 997 999 000 002 004 006 008 1 1992 1 1994 1 1996 1 1998 1 2 2001 2 2003 2 2005 2 2007 2 Populationasof31/12ͲBĢleē 1: Development in the number of inhabitants as of 31 December in the Běleč microregion in 1991–2008 (data source: ČSÚ/Czech Statistical Office/, processed by the paper author) 2700 2650 2600 n 2550 2500 Populatio 2450 2400 2350 991 994 995 998 999 002 003 006 007 1 1992 1993 1 1 1996 1997 1 1 2000 2001 2 2 2004 2005 2 2 2008 Populationasod31/12Ͳmales Populationasod31/12Ͳfemales 2: Development in the number of males and females in the Běleč microregion in 1991–2008 (data source: ČSÚ/ Czech Statistical Office/, processed by the paper author) Demographic development in selected microregions 205 however, the proportion of seniors was markedly A view of the number of inhabitants in particular higher in the microregion (16.2 as against 15.2% in villages shows (Fig. 4) that the village of Švihov the region). On the other hand, the proportion of an increased most (population increase by 6%). active component in the total population was lower The village of Křenice noted the least favourable in the microregion than in the region. Between 1991 development. In the course of the monitored and 2008, the proportion of persons aged 15–64 period, a fall by 50% occurred there as compared to years increased by 4.5% in the microregion and by the number of inhabitants in 1991. 3.8% in the region. The natural change of inhabitants is evaluated During the monitored period, the total increase by means of the indicator of crude birth rates and of population in the microregion reached largely death rates. The monitored microregion shows negative values the positive increase of inhabitants favourable birth rates. The number of live-born being noted in 2000–2002 and 2005–2008. children per 1 000 inhabitants of the mid-year population reached the highest value in 2004 (12.5 I: The structure of population according to selected age groups (data live-born children/1 000 inhabitants of the mid- source: ČSÚ /Czech Statistical Offi ce/) year population) and the lowest value in 1998 (5.74 live-born children/1 000 inhabitants of the mid-year Age/Year 1991 1995 1999 2004 2008 population). Comparing the crude birth rate (hmp) Microregion Běleč of the Běleč microregion with region values it is 0–14 17.0 15.8 14.6 14.6 14.8 possible to note that in 1997, 2000–2002 and 2004, 15–64 64.5 65.4 67.5 69.5 69.0 the microregion values of crude birth rate (hmp) 65 + 18.6 18.9 18.0 16.0 16.2 ranged above the region values. In other years, the microregion birth rate did not reach the region Region Plzeň values being, therefore, substandard (Fig. 5). In the 0–14 19.9 17.8 16.1 14.6 13.8 Plzeň region, the crude birth rate ranged on average 15–64 67.1 68.6 69.7 70.8 70.9 about 9.7 live-born children per 1000 inhabitants of 65 + 13.0 13.6 14.2 14.6 15.2 the mid-year population). Mortality evaluated according to the number of died persons per 1 000 inhabitants of the mid- Migration showed considerable proportion in this year population ranges above the Plzeň region development reaching positive values in the major mortality (Fig. 6). In the Běleč microregion, the fall part of the period. Only in 1992, 1993, 1997, 2001, of mortality occurred during the monitored period, 2002 and 2004, negative migration balances were which was demonstrated both by the decrease of obtained. On the contrary, at the natural increase of died persons and the decline of the indicator of the inhabitants, the number of died persons exceeded crude death rate. In absolute numbers, the number the number of born persons for most of the period of inhabitants who died in 2008, was lower by 24 as (Fig. 3). compared with 1991 (ie fall by 30%). 120 100 80 60 n 40 20 0 Populatio Ͳ20 Ͳ40 Ͳ60 Ͳ80 992 993 997 998 999 000 004 005 006 1 1 1994 1995 1996 1 1 1 2 2001 2002 2003 2 2 2 2007 2008 Migrationincrease Naturalincrease Totalincrease 3: Development of the total, natural and migration increase of inhabitants in the Běleč microregion (data source: ČSÚ/Czech Statistical Office/, processed by the paper author) 206 M. Palát 100 50 0 y e ic olan en Ͳ50 D Chud Ͳ100 Ͳ150 Ͳ200 Changeinpopulationasagainst1991 4: Changes in the number of inhabitants in particular villages of the Běleč microregion as against 1991 (data source: ČSÚ/Czech Statistical Office/, processed by the paper author) 13 12 11 10 ‰ 9 8 7 6 5 2 4 6 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0 0 0 0 99 99 99 99 1991 1 1993 1 1995 1 1997 1 19 20 200 20 200 20 200 20 200 20 CrudebirthrateͲmicroregionBĢleē CrudebirthrateͲPlzeŸregion 5: Development of