Annual Progress Report (For Strategic Research)
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National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) Annual Progress Report (for Strategic Research) 1. Reporting Year : 2013-14 2. Name of the Institute : Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi 3. Name of the PI : Dr. P.U. Zacharia, PS & Head, DFD 4. Names of the Associates : Pl see Annexure I withresponsibilities assigned 5. Brief Technical Program implemented : Capture Fisheries (activity wise) To know the changes in distribution, catch and biological characteristics, especially spawning of ten major species of marine fish, shrimp and squid the data collected were co- related with time-series data on climatic and oceanographic parameters at centres of different latitudinal locations, namely, Veraval, Mumbai, Mangalore Kochi, Tuticorin, Chennai, Visakhapatnam, Paradip and Digha. Assessed the vulnerability of coastal districts to climate change. Ocean acidification in different zones was studied and intervention to increase carbon sequestration by planting mangroves saplings was done. Mariculture In order to find out the response, especially of spawning, the hatching success and larval survival of cultivable species and live feed organisms to different seawater temperature, experiments were conducted on 2 species of food fish. Impact of temperature and salinity on the Cobia embryonic development and larviculture was assessed. 1 Technology Demonstration Empowering the coastal fishermen to harness positive impact of climate change by capture based aquaculture,Technology of sea cage farming of high-value fishes cobia and pompano, low-cost cage construction and integration of cage farming with pokkali farming were demonstrated to fishermen and other stakeholders. - 6. Summary of work done (< 1 page) : Pl see Annexure II 7. Results in detail (give detailed account of : Pl see annexure III results obtained with data, tables, pictures etc.) 8. Results of significant value (highlight 1-2 : Pl see Annexure IV significant results in 2 paragraphs which can be highlighted at the national level) 9. Procurement of equipments : (Rs. in lakhs) Name of the Status of Estimated Cost / Actual cost Equipment procurement Budget allocated 1. 2. 3. Total 10. Status of works, if any : (Rs. in lakhs) Name of the Work Actual expenditure incurred 1. 2. Total 2 -2- 11. HRD Programs conducted, if any : Pl see Annexure V (Rs. in lakhs) Name of the Program No. of participants Expenditure incurred 1. 2. Total 12. Budget details : Head 2013-14 Cumulative Release Exp. % Release Exp. % I. RC i. Operational Expenses 2,30,00,00 2,29,99,534 99.9 (Labour, skilled staff, 0 POL, Supplies etc.) Contractual Services etc. ii. TA 11,00,000 9,45,638 85.9 iii. HRD 3,00,000 15,407 5.1 II. NRC i. Equipment 5,00,000 4,97,815 99.5 ii. Furniture 0 0 iii. Information 0 0 Technology iv. Minor 0 0 works/Renovation v. Equiment costing less 0 0 than Rs. 5 lakhs III. Inst Charges 0 0 IV. Total 2,49,00,00 2,44,58,394 98.2 0 13. Publications/patents : Pl see Annexure VI 14. Success stories : Pl see Annexure VII . 15. Any other information : 3 Annexure I-List of associates with responsibilities Theme/ Team Leader Team Members Centre responsibilities Group 1 Dr. SomyKuriakose Dr J.Jayasankar Kochi Development of Dr. Rekha J. Nair Kochi database Dr. Asha P. S Tuticorin Shri. Sreenath K R Veraval Group 2 Dr.A.P.Dineshbabu Dr.K.K.Vijayan Kochi Developing (IPCC) Dr. K. K. Joshi, scenarios and Dr. Rekha J. Nair, modeling Dr. T.M.Najmudeen Dr.Shoba J.Kizhakudan, Chennai Dr.SujithaThomas Mangalore Ms.Swatipriyanka Sen Veraval Dr .S. Ghosh Visakhapatnam Dr. Ramkumar Mumbai Group 3 Dr. V. Kripa Dr.Shyam S. Salim, Kochi Integrated District Dr.Prema, Level Adaptation Dr.P.S.Swathilakhsmi Mangalore and Mitigation Mr Mohammed Koya Veraval (IDLAM) Dr.B.Johnson Mandapam Mr. Renjith Tuticorin Mr. RajendraNaik Visakhapatnam Group 4 Dr. M. Sivadas Dr. K. Vinod Chennai Carbon Life Cycle Dr. Sujitha Thomas Mangalore Assessment in Ms. AnulekshmiChellappan Mumbai fisheries and Mr. Gyanranjan Dash Veraval maricuture Ms. Indira Devipala Chennai Group 5 Dr. G.Gopakumar Dr. A.K. Abdul Nazar Mandapam Mariculture Dr. R. Jayakumar Dr. G. Tamilmani Dr. M. Sakthivel Shri. C. Kalidas Dr. P. Rameshkumar Dr. K. Madhu Kochi Dr. Rema Madhu Dr. Shoji Joseph Dr. K.K. Philipose Karwar Dr. Jayasree Loka Dr. T. Senthil Murugan 4 Group 6 Dr. K.K.Philipose Dr. G. Gopakumar, Mandapam Technology Dr.R.Jayakumar Demonstration Dr. Abdul Nazar, Shri. C.Kalidas Dr. G. Tamilmani, Visakhapatnam Dr. M. Sakthivel Karwar Dr.P.Ramesh Kumar, Dr. P. Johnson Dr. Jayashree Loka Dr. T. Senthil Murugan Dr. Imelda Joseph Kochi Dr. Shoji Joseph, Dr.Boby Ignatius Dr. Shinoj Subramaniam 5 Annexure II- Summary of work done (< 1 page) Catch effort standardization was donefor all fishery resources in all states which will be a major input for modelling. The environmental parameters were correlated to biological data to assess the impact of temperature rise on biology of marine fishes. With increase in SST, evidences are now available for : • Increase in dispersal and abundance of small pelagics (oil sardine and mackerel). • Reduction in mean size in the fishery (mackerel, Nemipterus) • Reduction in length at first maturity (mackerel, coastal prawns). • Reduction in fecundity (coastal prawns). • Change in spawning season (Nemipterus) • Change in diet composition (oil sardine) Threadfin breams showed very strong relation to bottom water temperature; the preferred temperature was seen to be 23.80C. Catches of oil sardine show increasing trend over past 20 years and showed a positive correlation with SST along southwest coast. Mean size of oil sardine in the fishery has decreased from 155 mm in 2002 to 145 mm in 2012. The level of awareness of fisherfolk to climate change is low which indicate that the fishers couldn‟t correlate environmental changes consequent to climate change to their livelihood. There is need to improve on the awareness of the fishers knowledge to climate change by involving them in the disaster preparedness and planning process. LCA analysis of mechanized and motorized vessels from Vishakhapatnam showed that C emitted per kg of fish was least for motorized boats (0.186) compared to mechanized (0.466). Studies undertaken to assess theeffect of increase in temperature on larvae of Silver Pompano. The average increase of 2°C in water temperature resulted in reduced growth of about 10 to 33 per cent from 7 dph to 12 dph. The reduced growth rate coupled with change in pigmentation of larvae can be taken as the resilience response of the silver pompano larvae to combat the temperature stress 6 In Kerala, field demonstrations were carried out in three new Pokkali farms Nedungad, Kumbalangi and Kadamakkudy for Pearl spot, Mullet, Pompano species. A new candidate fish Pompano (Trachinotus blochii) introduced for culture in low saline waters for first time in Kerala which is performing well in Pokkali fields. 7 Annexure III-Results in detail (give detailed account of results obtained with data, tables, pictures etc.) 1. Database development and modeling Historical environmental data for the period 1960 – 2014 for the parameters SST, air temperature, specific humidity, relative humidity, scalar wind, vector wind, sea level pressure, chlorophyll, rainfall, particulate inorganic Carbon, upwelling index etc. was downloaded from various sources for southwest (Kochi & Mangalore), Southeast (Chennai) and Northeast (Visakhapatnam) coasts. SL Parameters Source Period Annual/Monthl Comments No y /Daily 1 sea surface temperature ICOADS 1960-2014 Monthly All India 2 air temperature ICOADS 1960-2014 Monthly All India 3 specific humidity ICOADS 1960-2014 Monthly All India 4 relative humidity ICOADS 1960-2014 Monthly All India 5 scalar wind ICOADS 1960-2014 Monthly All India 6 vector wind eastward ICOADS 1960-2014 Monthly All India component 7 vector wind northward ICOADS 1960-2014 Monthly All India component 8 sea level pressure ICOADS 1960-2014 Monthly All India 9 total cloudiness ICOADS 1960-2014 Monthly All India 10 Chlorophyll SeaWiFS 1996-2012 Monthly All India 11 Ocean productivity Global ocean 2002-2013 Monthly All India productivity 12 Rainfall IMD Last 5 years Monthly district wise (all India) 13 Upwelling Index NOAA 1996-2013 Monthly all India A. Impact of temperature in Capture fisheries The environmental parameters collected have been correlation analysis among the resources, SST, Eastward wind, northward wind, WSC. The relationship among the climatic variables and species are depicted in the figure. This chart produces a scatterplot matrix with histogrammes, Kernel density overlays,significant asterisks (0.05[*],0.01[**],0.001[***]) and absolute correlations . 8 In the case of Oil sardine, Prawn has a highly significant correlation between both Eastward wind (U) and Scalar wind (W).While in the case of Mackerel much more influencial factor is SST than the wind components. Fig. Correlation analysis of Environmental variables Vs Marine species Off Kochi, threadfin breams showed very strong relation to bottom water temperature; the preferred temperature was seen to be 23.8 0C ; highest catch of the decade off Cochin was 6,453 tonnes when the bottom water temp was 22.8 deg C Fig. Sea water temperature at 10m depth and catch of thread fin breams (1992 to 1995) Oil Sardine catch in southwest coast has been showing an increasing trend. The fited model, seasonal ARIMA, with 61% variance explained clearly shows that this trend is not going to buck in imminent quarters. By 2018 the catch is bound to hover around 170 thousand tonnes. The trend factor is quite prominent as indicated by the stationarity tests. Although total catch may not be a fool-proof indicator of abundance, comparing quarterly 9 cycles of adjacent epochs (time) indicate sustenance of exploitation with near constant efforts indicate enhancement in harvestable stock even in traditionally focussed grounds. The average annual catch of oil sardine during 2010-13 was 4,00,000 t.