Local Development Framework for Burnley Padiham Area Action Plan Heritage Appraisal Padiham ‘Heritage is all around us. We live our lives, whether consciously or not, against a rich backdrop formed by historic buildings, landscapes and other physical survivals of our past. But the historic environment is more than just a matter of material remains. It is central to how we see ourselves and to our identity as individuals, communities and as a nation. It is a physical record of what our country is, how it came to be, its successes and failures. It is a collective memory containing an infinity of stories. England’s history is a gradual accumulation of movement and arrivals, new stories attaching themselves to old. Urban and rural landscapes reflect this layering of experience and develop their own distinct characteristics. Building materials and styles can define and bind regions, localities and communities just as potently as ethnic background, dialect or sporting loyalties. Historic landscapes or iconic buildings can become a focus of community identity and pride and proclaim that identity and pride to the wider world. At a more local level a historic church or park can help define a neighbourhood and create a sense of local cohesion. Once lost, these defining features cannot be replaced.’ The Government’s statement: The Historic Environment: A Force for Our Future (DCMS/DTLR 2001) Acknowledgment Burnley Borough Council would like to acknowledge the historical advice and assistance given by Margaret Jones, Molly Haines, Mike Rothwell and Duncan Armstrong in the production of the Padiham Heritage Appraisal. If you would like this information translated please contact the Translation Services at the Town Hall, Manchester Road, Burnley, BB11 1JA Tel. No. 01282 832656. Available in large print on request Front cover illustration: Lancashire Library photograph Procession across Padiham Bridge before its widening in 1904. 1.0 Introduction 7.0 Character Area 5 1.1 Housing Market Renewal 2 7.1 Introduction 70 and Area Action Plans 7.2 Area Development 70 1.2 Heritage Appraisals 2 7.3 Pre 1919 Housing 70 7.4 Late 20th Century Housing 74 7.5 Industrial Buildings 74 2.0 Development of Padiham 7.6 Commercial Buildings and Shops 78 7.7 Churches 81 2.1 Physical Context and Location 4 2.2 Geology and Topography 4 7.8 Schools 81 2.3 Townscape 4 7.9 Landmarks, Views and Green Spaces 82 2.4 Historic Development 5 8.0 Character Area 6 3.0 Character Area 1 8.1 Introduction 84 3.1 Introduction 10 8.2 Movement and Key Routes 84 3.2 Housing Development 10 8.3 Industry 88 3.3 Industrial Buildings 15 8.4 Residential Area: Housing, 89 3.4 Commercial Buildings and Shops 16 Shops and Public House 3.5 Public Houses and Inns 19 8.5 Public Buildings 93 3.6 Clubs and Community Buildings 24 8.6 Landmarks, Views and Green Spaces 95 3.7 Churches 25 3.8 Schools 27 3.9 Public Buildings 29 9.0 Character Area 7 3.10 Landmarks, Views, Green Spaces 30 9.1 Introduction 96 and Trees 9.2 Movement and Key Routes 96 9.3 Former Municipal Buildings 96 9.4 Industrial Buildings 97 4.0 Character Area 2 9.5 Landmarks, Views and Green Spaces 98 4.1 Introduction 32 4.2 Area Development 32 4.3 Housing 32 10.0 Heritage Appraisal 4.4 Industry 36 10.1 Heritage and Future Regeneration 100 4.5 Landmarks, Views, Green Spaces 37 and Trees Appendix A – Protected Features Listed Buildings 102 5.0 Character Area 3 Conservation Area 102 5.1 Introduction 40 Locally Listed Buildings 102 5.2 Area Development 40 Tree Preservation Orders 103 5.3 Industry 40 Definitive Footpaths 103 5.4 Housing 46 5.5 Commercial Buildings 49 Appendix B – References 5.6 Schools 50 Published works 104 5.7 Churches 51 List of published references 104 5.8 Landmarks, Views, Green Spaces 51 Census 105 and Trees Building Control Records 106 Cartographic Evidence 106 List of maps 106 6.0 Character Area 4 Photographs 106 6.1 Introduction 52 Websites 106 6.2 Movement and Key Routes 53 6.3 Housing 56 6.4 Shops and Public Houses 64 Appendix C – Glossary of Terms 107 6.5 Churches and Schools 67 6.6 Landmarks, Views, 68 Green Spaces and Trees Plans Plan A Area Action Plan Boundary, Character Areas & Protected Features Plan B Extent of Urban Development 1844 Plan C Ordnance Survey Map 1890 Plan D Ordnance Survey Map 1910 Plan E Ordnance Survey Map 1930 Plan F Heritage Appraisal Produced by Burnley Borough Council Planning Services [t] 01282 425011 [x] 2541 / 2544 www.burnley.gov.uk/planning [email protected] March 2007 Design by ‘The Graphics Unit’ [t] 01282 425011 [x] 2652 oneintroduction 1.1 Housing Market Renewal 1.1.1 Housing Market Renewal is the Government’s new approach to tackling low housing demand and abandonment in the North of England and the Midlands. Nine sub-regional Market Restructuring Pathfinder Projects have been created to bring about market renewal and tackle associated high levels of crime and social exclusion. The East Lancashire Pathfinder includes parts of Blackburn, Hyndburn, Burnley, Pendle and Rossendale. 1.1.2 Within Burnley Borough Council’s Pathfinder intervention area, Area Action Plans (AAPs) are being prepared to guide the regeneration of areas which are considered to be suffering from the worst deprivation and housing market failure. 1.1.3 It is important that this regeneration is informed by an understanding of the past. This Heritage Appraisal has been undertaken in order to ensure that Padiham’s heritage is taken into account in future housing market renewal and regeneration programmes. 1.2 Heritage Appraisals 1.2.1 The Importance of Heritage Heritage encompasses not just buildings and streets but also gardens, parks, monuments, industrial complexes, waterways and roads, archaeological sites and open landscapes. It is estimated that only 5% of this resource is protected by statutory legislation. Our heritage also includes languages, stories, traditions and foods. An awareness of heritage gives people and places an identity and significance. It gives localities their distinctive character and marks their individuality as neighbourhoods and as part of the wider town. 1.2.2 The Purpose of Heritage Appraisals Elements of the borough’s historic environment are recognized as nationally or locally important and are protected by law through statutory designation such as Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas. However, the particular local historic character of a place is not always marked by any of these formal designations, even though it is appreciated and well known to local people. Heritage Appraisals are a method of recognising this special quality and are now becoming an established approach in Conservation Planning. 1.2.3 Heritage Appraisals are being undertaken as part of the Area Action Plan (AAP) process to ensure that regeneration proposals are informed by a sound understanding of the heritage importance of the AAP areas and proper regard to their historic character and local distinctiveness. The appraisals will show how seemingly mundane, normal or everyday historic elements can contribute significantly to the overall quality and character of places or may be interesting in their own right. Opportunities to retain or enhance the local character will be identified through this process. 1.2.4 Heritage Appraisals offer an understanding as to how the historical evolution of the AAP areas has shaped their present day character and the distinctive qualities of the neighbourhoods. It is intended to use this understanding to guide regeneration proposals so that they acknowledge and build on that character. Heritage Appraisals recognise that change is desirable, but urge that it should respect, rather than detract from, the existing environment. 2 heritage appraisal 1.2.5 Heritage Appraisals provide an assessment of the elements which give the neighbourhoods their distinctive character. These elements include: • Historical development and associations • Pattern of street layouts and historic transport routes – rail and road • Activity and vitality of land-uses • Building materials, styles and architectural detailing • Quality and relationship of buildings • Prominent landmarks, vistas and panoramas • Setting and topography • Trees, parks and open spaces 1.2.6 These elements may make a positive contribution or they may, in some instances, detract from the area. 1.2.7 Heritage Appraisals will aim to: • Assess the origins and development of areas to provide a good understanding of the historic environment of the neighbourhoods and its role in modern life and local communities. • Define and evaluate the qualities which create the distinct character of areas, their heritage resources and the contribution they make to the quality of the townscape. • Identify opportunities to retain, strengthen and enhance local character and identity. • Inform the redevelopment and/or renovation of areas in order to strengthen distinctive local character and identity. 1.2.8 This approach reflects the importance of local character in the definition of sense of place as emphasised in English Heritage’s policy statement The Power of Place (2001). Rose Queen procession, Church Street, Padiham, 1908 (Lancashire Library photograph) heritage appraisal 3 twothe development of padiham 2.1 Physical Context and Location 2.1.1 Padiham is one of a number of closely neighbouring settlements, which lie along the valley of the River Calder and its tributaries. Padiham historically occupied an area on the northern banks of the Calder with its historic centre lying 5 km west of Burnley. It expanded across the river during the second half of the 19th century and currently forms part of the modern parish of West Burnley. 2.2 Geology and Topography 2.2.1 The geology, topography and natural features of the area have influenced the development and character of Padiham.