DOCSLIB.ORG

University of Alberta

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
University of Alberta University of Alberta The EfFects of Residential Destination on the Education and Rychological Status of AIDS ûrphans H. M. Nelly Kodero O A dissertation submitied to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Educational Psychology Edmonton, Aiberta Sprîng, 20 National Li'brary Bibliothèque nationale u*I ofCanada du Canada A uisitions and Acquisitions et ~8cgra~hicSetvices senrices bibliographiques The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non excItsive licence allowing the excbive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationaie du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or seil reprochrire, preter, distriiuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/fiIm, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substanîid extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantie1s may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. The children are both our near and distant future. It is by them and through them that we feel linked to the immortaiity of the hurnan race. Elie Wiesel, 1989 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to two special people, Dr. David Baine and Mr. Edward McCue. Dr. David Baine, professor emeritus of the University of Alberta. offered me some financial assistance and accommodation during my stay in Edmonton. Mr. Edward McCue of Housing and Food Services at the University of Alberta. made my long surnrner holidays short by offering me a job. Because of Edward, I left the University of Alberta, not only as a Doctor of Philosophy but also as a maintenance expert. Thank you Edward for treating me with dignity and respect like your own child. Abstract This casual-comparative study investigated the effects of residential destination on the education and psychological well-being of AIDS orphans in Kisumu, Kenya. 450 orphans aged between 6 and 15 years living in orphanages, guardians' homes, and extended families were compared on these variables. The study examined the plausible causes of the differences observed arnong the orphans and the process of adoption of orphans. The Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scaie (RCMAS; Reynolds & Richmond, 1978), Biographical FO~'Caregiver Questionnaire, and the Quality of Caregiver-Orphan Relationship Scale (QCORS) were used in data collection. This study reports the construction and validation of the QCORS. The results showed that the educational and psychological needs of the orphans were best met by orphanages, followed by guardians' homes and were least met by extended families. The plausible causes of the differences investigated did not fully explain the differences observed among the three groups of orphans. The attitude of caregivers towards orphans and peer support were identified as two factors that could have affected the psychological well-king of orphans. The findings also indicated that AIDS patients did not make placement and custody arrangements for their children before dying, and that the caregivers did not consider the HIV status of the orphans before adoption. Moreover, the results of this study indicated that caregiven who were shuggling to raise hundreds of orphans existing in Kisumu received no support whatsoever from the Kenyan govemment. The findings of this study challenged the cornmon belief in Afrïca that the extended families will be there to meet the needs of the orphans when a disaster strîkes. The reality as reflected in this study is that extended families can no longer adequately care for the orphans. The govemment should help the caregivers to meet the basic needs of the orphans and shouid offer these chüdren free education. Peer support is perhaps the best way to help AIDS orphans overcome their current and future psychological problems. Finally, there is need to consider the HIV status of these children during adoption because research shows that there is some risk, though low, of child-to-child HIV transmission. Acknowledgments I have made several decisions in my life; three of them have so far tumed out to be wisest: choosing Dr. Robert Frender as my academic adviser and dissertation supe~sor,manying my wife, Josephine; and leaming to play squash. Dr. Robert Frender pided me throughout my graduate studies at the University of Alberta. Bob believed in me from the start and never flinched. He stood by me even when my dissertation appeared to be heading nowhere. 1 have no shred of doubt in my mind about his high quality of supervision and his extraordinary cornmitment to academic excellence. My dear wife, Josephine kept my domestic affairs running when 1 was thousands of kilometers away in Edmonton and had no time to write letten. She numired out lovely children alone, 1 will never make any daim about their success in life. Finally, playing squash drove stress out of my mind and kept me joyful even when I had nothing to be happy about. 1 wish to thank in a special way members of my supervisory cornmittee, Dr. Robert Short and Dr. Linda McDondd who constructively advised me on this dissertation. 1 am indebted to the orphans and their caregivea who participated in this study. It is their responses to my research questions that became the grit and gnst of this dissertation and gave this piece of work a voice of its own. 1 am also indebted to my two research assistants, Mr. Hezekia Okello and Mr. Shabianus Onyango who braved the scotching Sun of Kisumu to track down the subjects. Lastiy, 1 must also thank in a special way Moi University for granting me study leave with pay, the Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta for offenng me teaching and research assistantship, and Alberta International at the University of Alberta for meeting my research expenses. Without your financial assistance this work would not have been accomplished. TABLE OF CONTENTS CaAPTER PAGE 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................... 1 The Purpose of the Study ...................... ........... 5 Theoretical Framework of the Study ................... 6 Rationale of the Study ..................................... 7 Geographic Location of the Research............ ........ 9 Organization of the Dissertation .......................... 9 II . LITERATURE REViEW ................................ Nature of HIV and AIDS ........................... ,... Brief History of AIDS in the World ..................... Status of AIDS in Africa ...................o.............. Transmission of HIV in Africa .................. Rapid spread of HiV in Africa .......... Curbing the Spread of HN in Kenya ........... Children Orphaned by AIDS in Kisumu ................ HIV Status of AIDS-Orphaned Children ....... Adoption of AIDS-Orphaned Children .......... Social Organization of the Luo in Kisumu .............. Patnlineal Social Organization of the Luo ...... Lineage units of the Luo social organization . Household as a unit of the Luo social .. otganization .............................. Residential Destinations of AIDS Orphans in Kisumu .. Extended Families for AIDS-Orphaned Children . CHAPTER PAGE Guardians' Homes for AIDS-Orphaned Children . 39 Orphanages for AIDS-Orphaned Children ...... 40 Needs of AIDS-Orphaned Children ...................... 42 Education of AIDS-Orphaned Children......... 43 Psychological Status of AIDS Orphans ........ 45 Anxiety of AIDS-orphaned children ... 46 Relationship between AIDS orphans and caregivers ....................... ..... 53 Summary of the Literature Reviewed .................... 55 Overview of the Research Objectives .................... 56 Research Questions ....................................... 57 III . METHODS AND RESULTS FOR STUDY 1.... 59 Construction of the Quality of Caregiver-Orphan Relationship Scale ........................................ 59 Population and Sample ................................. 63 Sample for Study 1 ........................... 65 Procedure for Study 1...................................... 65 Determination of Construct Validity of QCORS ........ 66 Overview of Factor Analysis .................... 67 Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis . 68 Principal component analysis and common factor analysis ............................ 70 Factor retention criteria .................. 72 Factor rotation methods ................. 73 PAGE Factor loadings ........................... 76 Factor Analysis of This Study's Data ........... 78 Results of factor analysis.............*.. 82 The 13 pure items and the QCORS factors. 92 Final version of QCORS ................ 94 Determination of the Reliability of QCORS ............. 96 IV . METHODS FOR STUDY 2 ............................ Design of the Study ....................................... Sample for Study 2 ........................................ Instrumentation ............................................. Qudity of Caregiver-Orphan Relationship Scale (QCORS)................................... Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) ................................. Validity of RCMAS ...................... Reliability of RCMAS ................. .. Biographical Form ................................ Caregiver Questionnaire .........................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • SENATE—Wednesday, July 26, 2000
    July 26, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE 16283 SENATE—Wednesday, July 26, 2000 The Senate met at 9:31 a.m. and was Again, if cloture is invoked on the mo- to be offered, the time for the debate, called to order by the President pro tion, postcloture debate will begin im- and some tangential but very impor- tempore [Mr. THURMOND]. mediately. tant issues such as the consideration of As a reminder, on Thursday the appointments of Federal district court PRAYER morning hour has been set aside for judges across America to fill vacancies. The Chaplain, Dr. Lloyd John those Senators who wish to make their These judgeships have been a source of Ogilvie, offered the following prayer: final statements in remembrance of great controversy in recent times be- Almighty God, take charge of the the life of our former friend and col- cause there is a clear difference of control centers of our brains. Think league, Senator Paul Coverdell. At the opinion between Democrats and Repub- Your thoughts through us and send to expiration of that time, a vote on the licans about how many judges should our nervous systems the pure signals of motion to proceed to the energy and be appointed this year. Your peace, power, and patience. Give water appropriations bill will occur. Of course, the Republicans in control us minds responsive to Your guidance. I thank my colleagues for their at- of the Senate are hopeful that their Take charge of our tongues so that tention. I yield the floor. I suggest the candidate for President will prevail in we may speak truth with clarity, with- absence of a quorum.
    [Show full text]
  • The Church Response to the Situation of Children
    THE CHURCH RESPONSE TO THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN ORPHANED BY HIV/AIDS IN KERICHO COUNTY, KENYA PERIS KEMUNTO NYAKENANDA, C50/CE/12369/04 A THESIS SUMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMNTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS (RELIGIOUS STUDIES) OF KENYATTA UNIVERSITY JULY 2017 ii DECLARATION I declare that this thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other university. Signature: ………………………………….… Date:………………….. Peris Kemunto Nyakenanda - C50/CE/12369/2004 Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies SUPERVISORS We confirm that the work reported in this thesis was carried out by the candidate under our supervision as university supervisors. Signature: ………………………………….… Date:………………….. Prof. Mary N. Getui Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies The Catholic University of Eastern Africa Signature: ………………………………….… Date:………………….. Dr. Ruth Muthei James Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies Kenyatta University. iii DEDICATION To my husband Tom and our children Polly, Brian, Esther, Marion and Laureen. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisors Professor Mary N. Getui and Dr. Ruth Muthei James for academically guiding me to the completion of this thesis. They offered valuable ideas that have greatly shaped this study. I thank all the respondents who left their busy schedules to give me the information required for this study. My sincere thanks go to Dr. Pacifica Okemwa of Kenyatta University and the entire staff in the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies for availing literature related to this work. Finally, I wish to thank Ms.
    [Show full text]
  • A Question of Life Or Death Treatment Access for Children Living with HIV in Kenya
    A Question of Life or Death Treatment Access for Children Living With HIV in Kenya Copyright © 2008 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-412-5 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org December 2008 1-56432-412-5 A Question of Life or Death Treatment Access for Children Living With HIV in Kenya Map of Kenya ........................................................................................................... 1 I. Summary ............................................................................................................... 2 Key Recommendations ....................................................................................... 6 II. Methodology ........................................................................................................ 7 III. Background ....................................................................................................... 10 HIV/AIDS Treatment for Children ....................................................................... 10 The Epidemic in Eastern and Southern Africa ..................................................... 12 The Global Fight against HIV/AIDS ....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Nairobi Layout #2
    BUILDING PARTNERSHIPS FOR LIFE: The Role of Religions in Caring for Children Affected by HIV/AIDS 1 BUILDING PARTNERSHIPS FOR LIFE: The Role of Religions in Caring for Children Affected by HIV/AIDS Report from The African Religious Leaders Assembly on Children and HIV/AIDS 9-12 June 2002, Nairobi, Kenya Sponsored by World Conference on Religion and Peace and The Hope for African Children Initiative The opinions expressed in the speeches and statements in this report belong to the speakers and do not necessarily reflect those of the World Conference on Religion and Peace or its International Governing Board. © 2003 by the World Conference on Religion and Peace Published in 2003 in the United States of America by World Conference on Religion and Peace 777 United Nations Plaza New York, NY 10017 USA Tel: 1.212.687.2163 Fax: 1.212.983.0566 Writer/Editor: Sara Friedman Editor: James Cairns Production Coordinator: Mikaela Rejbrand Design, Typography + Production: ascienzodesign.com Printing: Remco Press, NYC CONTENTS Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Letter from Dr. William F. Vendley, Secretary-General, WCRP ........................................................................................... 7 Remarks from Dr. Pat Youri, Executive Director, HACI....................................................................................................... 8 1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Download Full Report with Cover
    Kenya HUMAN A Question of Life or Death RIGHTS Treatment Access for Children Living With HIV in Kenya WATCH A Question of Life or Death Treatment Access for Children Living With HIV in Kenya Copyright © 2008 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-412-5 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org December 2008 1-56432-412-5 A Question of Life or Death Treatment Access for Children Living With HIV in Kenya Map of Kenya ........................................................................................................... 1 I. Summary ............................................................................................................... 2 Key Recommendations ....................................................................................... 6 II. Methodology ........................................................................................................ 7 III.
    [Show full text]
  • A Question of Life Or Death RIGHTS Treatment Access for Children Living with HIV in Kenya WATCH
    Kenya HUMAN A Question of Life or Death RIGHTS Treatment Access for Children Living With HIV in Kenya WATCH A Question of Life or Death Treatment Access for Children Living With HIV in Kenya Copyright © 2008 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-412-5 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org December 2008 1-56432-412-5 A Question of Life or Death Treatment Access for Children Living With HIV in Kenya Map of Kenya ........................................................................................................... 1 I. Summary ............................................................................................................... 2 Key Recommendations ....................................................................................... 6 II. Methodology ........................................................................................................ 7 III.
    [Show full text]