A review of the of the Galapagos Islands with a new record for barberi (Banks) (~emerobiidae)'

JANKLIMASZEWSKI AND D.K. McE. KEVAN Lyman Entomological Museum and Research Laboratory, Macdonald College of McGill Universi~,21 11 1 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue,Que., Canada H9X I CO AND STEWARTB. PECK^ Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont., Canada KI S 5B6 Received February 17, 1987

KLIMASZEWSKI,J., KEVAN,D.K. McE., and PECK,S. B. 1987. A review of the Neuroptera of the Galapagos Islands with a new record for Sympherobius barberi (Banks) (). Can. J. Zool. 65: 3032-3040. A checklist of species of Neuroptera described and (or) recorded from the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, is presented together with a review of existing records. Sympherobius barberi (Banks) is recorded from the Galapagos lslands for the first time. This also constitutes the first record of the genus Sympherobius from the islands. Comparisons have been made between the Galapagos specimens, the type specimen of the species, and specimens from Peru, Mexico, and the southern United States of America. Illustrations of habitus and genitalic structures, as well as a diagnosis and a discussion of the species are also given. Additional distributional data and illustrations are provided for Chrysopa wollebaeki Esben-Petersen, Megalomus danvini Banks, and Myrmeleon perpilosus Banks. A lectotype is designated for Megalomus danvini Banks. Keys for identification are given for all species known from the islands.

KLIMASZEWSKI,J., KEVAN,D.K. McE., et PECK,S. B. 1987. A review of the Neuroptera of the Galapagos Islands with a new record for Sympherobius barberi (Banks) (Hemerobiidae). Can. J. Zool. 65 : 3032-3040. On trouvera dans cet article une liste commentke des Neuropteres decrits des iles Galapagos, Equateur, ainsi que de ceux dont la presence a ete signalee. Sympherobius barberi (Banks) y est cite pour la premiere fois; d'ailleurs c'est la premiere espkce de Sympherobius ii Ctre signalke dans l'archipel. Les specimen: des Galapagos ont kte compares au type ainsi qu'h d'autres specimens provenant du Perou, du Mexique et du sud des Etats-Unis d'Amerique. On pourra trouver ici, pour chaque insecte, une illustration de l'aspect general ainsi que des structures genitales, de meme qu'une diagnose et une discussion. Des illustrations et des donnees sur la repartition sont egalement presentees pour Chrysopa wollebaeki Esben- Petersen, Megalomus danvini Banks et Myrmeleon perpilosus Banks. Un lectotype a ete designe pour Megalomus danvini. Des cles d'identification permettent de reconnaitre toutes les especes signalkes dans l'archipel. [Traduit par la revue]

Introduction Esben-Petersen (1934) described a new species of Chrysopi-

For personal use only. Interest in the fauna of the Galapagos Archipelago stems from dae and a myrmeleontine larva of unknown species. the 1835 visit of Charles Darwin, the first biological collector to Linsley and Usinger (1966) provided a detailed list of the go there. Since that time, at least 21 scientific expeditions and 8 neuropterous collected and described from the islands individual collectors had explored the islands before 1966 before 1966. They listed six previously described species from (Linsley and Usinger 1966). Now, their entomofauna is one of three families. Of .these, Dimares formosus (Myrmeleontidae) the best known island faunas of the world. The extensive was originally described by Banks (1908) from Posorja, literature on Galapagos insects has been summarized by Linsley Ecuador, and was mentioned by Linsley and Usinger (1966) for and Usinger (1966) and Linsley (1977). A total of some 900 the first time for the Galapagos (Santa Elena), presumably on species are now known from the archipelago. the basis of Esben-Petersen's (1934) synonomy of D. nummatus It was not until the first decade of the present century, Navas with that species (see above). however, that attention was drawn to the Neuroptera of the Stange ( 1969), a few years later, described a new species of region. Navas (19 12) described what appeared to be the first Myrmeleontidae, Brachynemurus darwini, from the islands, neuropterous insect from the islands ("S. Elena, Galapagos and provided illustrations of its genitalic structures. He also Islands"). The locality, however, was later considered to be a provided additional distributional records for Myrmeleon per-

Can. J. Zool. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by Texas A&M University on 07/18/17 probable mislabeling for Santa Elena in mainland Ecuador pilosus Banks, and regarded Dimares nummatus Navas as being (Stange 1969). The species was a myrmeleontid, Dimares conspecific with the continental D. subdolus of Walker (1853: nummatus, later synonymized by Esben-Petersen (1934) with p. 395) and not a Galapagos species (see above). More recently, Dimares formosus Banks. Stange (1969) considered D. num- Parkin et al. (1972) provided a list of including matus to be conspecific with Dimares subdolus (Walker 1853; neuropterous insects collected by the Edinburgh University p. 395), a species known from Ecuador and Peru. At present the Galiipagos Islands Expedition conducted in 1968. They listed problem remains unresolved. It may be that all three nominal new records for four previously described species. species are synonyms and that none occurs in the Galiipagos. The most kecent account of Galapagos Neuroptera is that of Banks (1924) published the results of a study on a small Linsley (1977), who published a supplement to his former collection of neuropterous insects collected in the Galiipagos by contribution to the insects of the Galapagos Islands (Linsley and the Harrison Williams Galiipagos Expedition organized by Usinger 1966), giving a list of locality data for four previously William Beebe. He described four new species belonging to recorded species. three different families. In the summer of 1985, Stewart and Jarmila Peck spent 2 112 months in the Galapagos Archipelago, collecting and studying 'contribution No. 41 1 of the Charles Darwin Foundation. the still poorly known soil and cave invertebrates of the islands. '~uthorto whom reprint requests should be sent. One outcome of the study was the discovery that not only is KLIMASZEWSKI ET AL. 3033 there a general lack of understanding of the ecology and location of type specimen, and subsequent records with new evolution of Galapagos insects, but also that many "described" localities. species are still unknown or poorly known from a systematic standpoint. The present paper is concerned with the Neuroptera FAMILY Chrysopidae that were collected and that have proved to be in need of Chrysopa galapagoensis Banks, 1924: 179 (Isla South Sey- redescription and illustration. mour, Galapagos Islands, MCZ); Linsley and Usinger 1966: 14.0 (Isla Baltra, CAS); Parkin et al. 1972: 102 (as near Methods and materials galapagoensis) (Isla Floreana, Wittmer Farm, RSME; Isla Santa Cruz, Research Station, RSME; Isla Santiago, RSME). This study is based on an examination of the specimens collected in Chrysopa nigripilosa Banks, 1924: 177 (Isla South Seymour, 1985 on the islands of Espafiola and Santa Cruz. The specimens were caught by means of modified Townes model Malaise insect traps Galapagos Islands, MCZ); Linsley and Usinger 1966: 140 (Townes 1972). The lower half of the central trap panel was painted (Isla Baltra, CAS); Parkin et al. 1972: 102 (Isla Santa Cruz, with Ambush insecticide. Beneath the central panel was placed a series Research Station, RSME; Isla Santiago, James Bay, RSME; of shallow aluminum pans lined with yellow plastic, and half-filled Isla Santiago, settlement, RSME); Linsley 1977: 19 (sum- with a concentrated table-salt (NaCI) solution. Such a trap catches not mary of old records). only the insects that fly upwards, but also acts as a flight intercept trap Chrysopa wollebaeki Esben-Petersen, 1934: 29 1 (Isla Santa (FIT) and catches those that fall after hitting the central panel and the Maria (= Floreana), Post Office Bay, ZMO); Linsley and insecticide. One of these traps was operated for 1 week on Isla Usinger 1966: 140 (as wollbaeki) (Isla Floreana). New Espafiola, and four traps were operated for 2 months in four major records and illustration are given later in this paper. habitat types on Isla Santa Cruz. The specimens were originally preserved in 75% ethanol and FAMILY Hemerobiidae subsequently mounted on pins. A new technique was discovered for mounting small specimens, especially those of Sympherobius. The Megalomus danvini Banks, 1924: 179 (Conway Bay, Isla alcohol-preserved specimens were placed in a Petri dish having a Indefatigable (= Santa Cruz), Galapagos Islands, MCZ); glossy-surfaced "ethafoam" bottom. The insect bodies were put in a Linsley and Usinger 1966: 140 (repetition of previous shallow groove carved in the ethafoam and pinned through the thorax records); Parkin et al. 1972: 102 (Isla Santa Cruz, Research using "minuten" micropins. The bottom of the mounting dish was Station, RSME). New records and illustration are given later submerged by a thin layer of ethanol, just sufficient to cover its surface. in this paper. The insect wings were then spread to the desired position, which they Sympherobius barberi Banks. Details are given later in this retained because of the surface tension of the alcohol. They remained paper. so also after evaporation of the alcohol. The specimens were removed from the mounting dish, usually after 1 or 2 days. Most of the FAMILY Myrmeleontidae specimens were dissected and their terminalia were mounted in Canada balsam on clear plastic microslides attached to the pins of the original Dimares formosus Banks, 1908: 3 1 (Posorja, Ecuador, F. specimens. Campos, MCZ); Linsley and Usinger 1966: 140 (Santa Elena referring to Navas' D. nummatus, below); Stange 1969: 189 Habitats For personal use only. (as conspecific with D. subdolus (Walker), occurring in Introductions to the vegetation zones of the islands are given by Ecuador and Peru); Linsley 1977: 19 (repetition of Banks' Bowman (1963), Hamann (1984), and Porter (1983,1984).In brief, on Isla Santa Cruz, a zone of arid thorn scrub or Opuntia cactus forest record, 1908). Dimares nummatus Navas, 191 2: 229 (Santa extends from sea level to about 80 m elevation. This grades through a Elena, Galapagos Islands, not located; according to Stange transition zone into a more moist zone of endemic Scalesia peduncu- (1969: 189), probably an error for Santa Elena in mainland lata (Compositae) forest which occurs from about 180 to 500 m. On Ecuador). As synonym of formosus: Esben-Petersen 1920: Santa Cruz this has mostly been cleared and the land is devoted to 190- 196; Linsley and Usinger 1966: 140; Stange 1969: 189 agricultural purposes. Large tracts of cleared land have been invaded (or synonym of D. subdolus Walker). The evidence that this by introduced guava (Pisidium guajava), which forms a thick forest species occurs in the Galapagos seems questionable, being festooned with epiphytic moss and lichens. A still wetter zone, from based only upon Navas' record which Stange (1969) thinks about 400 to 700 m elevation, is dominated almost exclusively by may be for continental Ecuador and not for the Galapagos. shrubby and virtually impenetrable thickets of endemic Miconia Brachynemurus danvini S tange, 1969: 190 (Darwin Research robinsoniana (Melastomaceae). Above this lies an open pampa of ferns Station, Isla Santa Cruz, CAS; Isla Santa Fe, D. Cavagnaro, and sedges. Isla Espafiola is a low island, and is covered only by an arid thorn scrub and Opuntia vegetation. CAS; Isla Santiago (=James), Miss [E.] Cheesman, BMNH;

Can. J. Zool. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by Texas A&M University on 07/18/17 North Slope, Isla Pinzon (=Duncan), D. Cavagnaro, CAS; Abbreviations used in text for names of institutions Isla Isabella (=Albemarle), Miss (E.) Cheesman, BMNH; Institution names are abbreviated as follows: BMNH, British Isla Pinta (= Abingdon), F.X. Williams, CAS: Isla Floreana Museum (Natural History), London, England; CAS, California Acad- (=Charles), F.X. Williams, CAS; Isla Espafiola (=Hood), emy of Sciences, San Francisco, California; CNC, Canadian National F.X. Williams, CAS; Parkin et al. 1972: 103 (Isla Santiago, Collection, Ottawa, Ontario; LEM, Lyman Entomological Museum and Research Laboratory, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec; MCZ, James Bay settlement, RSME); Linsley 1977: 19 (repetition Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; of previous records). RSME, Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland; and ZMO, Myrmeleon perpilosus Banks, 1924: 177 (Conway Bay, Isla Zoological Museum, Oslo, Norway. Indefatigable (= Santa Cruz), Galapagos Islands, MCZ); Linsley and Usinger 1960: 140 (repetition of previous records); Stange 1969: 196 (Galapagos Islands: Chavez, Checklist of species of Neuroptera described and (or) Pinzon, Wenman, and Santa Fe with specimens deposited in recorded from the Galapagos Islands BMNH, CAS, USNM, author collection, and others); Parkin Within their respective families, the species listed below are et al. 1972: 102 (Isla Santa Cruz, Research Station, RSME; arranged alphabetically. Each specific name is followed by the Isla Santa Fe, RSME); Linsley 1977: 19 (Pinzon, Wolf); original author, year of original description, type locality, further details are given later in present paper. 3034 CAN. J. ZOOL. VOL. 65. 1987 Key to Neuroptera recorded from the Galapagos Archipelago la. Antenna knobbed and short, no longer than length of head and thorax combined; large specimens (body length 20-25 mm, wingspan 45-55 mm) with long and slender body and elongate wings (Figs. 19, 20, 22) ...... Family Myrmeleontidae, 6 1b Antenna evenly narrowly elongate, distinctly longer than head and thorax combined; smaller specimens (body length 4.0-7.0 mm, wingspan 7.0-24.0 mm) with body shorter and wings either approximately oval or slightly angular in shape (Figs. 13-18, 21) ...... 2 2a. Small or medium size, dark brown or brownish insects (body length 4.0-6.0 mm, wingspan 7.0- 13.0 mm); with hairy and broad or slender oval wings; radius of forewing with two or more branches (Figs. 14, 17) ...... Family Hemerobiidae, 5 2b. Medium size, whitish, yellowish, or greenish insects (body length 5.0-7.0 mm, wingspan 20-24 mm); with less hairy and slightly angular wings; radius of forewing with one branch, radial sector with zigzag appearance (Fig. 21)...... FamilyChrysopidae,3 3a. Head with a black spot on each cheek under eye; palpi mostly black; venation pale, marked with black with some cross veins eitherwhollyorpartlydark ...... 4 3b. Head uniformly yellowish, without black spots; palpi uniformly yellowish; venation uniformly yellowish (Fig. 21), sometimes some veins appearing insignificantly darker ...... Chrysopa wollebaeki Esben-Petersen 4a. Body greenish, much marked with black; forewing with stigma bearing at least 3 dark spots, gradate veins divergent, with about 4 veins in inner and 7 in outer sector and with inner gradate veins closer to the radial sector than to outer gradates ...... Chrysopa nigripilosa, ~anks' 4b. Body yellowish; forewing with stigma uniformly greenish, gradate veins in parallel series, with 6 or 7 veins in each sector, and with inner gradates almost as close to outer gradates or to the radial sector...... Chrysopa galapagoensis ~anks' 5a. Forewing broadly oval, widest near the base (Figs. 13, 14), with costal area abruptly widened basally; radial sector with at least 3 branches, all being connected with R, + Rs combined; media anterior with first fork in vicinity of radial sector; veins with dark and paler sectors but not dotted...... Megalomus danvini Banks 5b. Forewing slender oval, widest in apical third (Figs. 16, 17), with costal area moderately narrow and slightly broadened basally, radial sector with two branches, basal one being connected with media anterior; veins darkly dotted ...... SympherobiusbarberiBanks 6a. Wings with membrane transparent and clear (Figs. 19, 20), almost evenly, narrowly elongate and only insignificantly broadened in apical fifth (Figs. 19, 20, 22); female tergum 10 with stout spines clustered at the bottom (Fig. 7) ...... MyrmeleonperpilosusBanks 6b. Wings with membrane maculated, strongly broadening apically and widest in apical fifth; female tergum 10 with spines or setaemoreevenlydistributed ...... 7 7a. Forewing with membrane suffused near vein junctures and with rather small dark brown spots at the origin of Rs + MA and its forks, cubital fork, end of CUP+ 1A and before stigma; hind wing with veins mostly dark brown and little membrane suffusion

For personal use only. (for illustrations and details see Stange (1969)) ...... Brachynemurus danvini stangel 7b. Forewing with membrane bearing distinct pale and dark large spots often forming distinct bands, and with one black apical spot preceded by two pale ones; hind wing with several large spots connected through the middle (this species is doubtfully recorded from Galapagos; see details elsewhere in this paper) ...... Dimares formosus ~anks' 'Species based on original and subsequent descriptions.

Species collected on the Galapagos Islands in 1985 cubital cell) trapezoidal, jl Cjugal lobe) small and not protru- ding, the two rows of outer and inner gradate cross veins placed FAMILY Chrysopidae very close to each o,ther, ,the first row of ig (inner gradate veins) Chrysopa wollebaeki Esben-Petersen containing 4 veins and ,the second row of og (outer gradate (Fig. 21) veins) containing 6 or 7 veins; hind wing acutely pointed (Fig. Esben-Petersen, 1934: 29 1; Linsley and Usinger 1966: 140. 2 1) , with narrow costal area and with 2 outer and 6 inner gradate Can. J. Zool. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by Texas A&M University on 07/18/17 TYPE MATERIAL:1 male, 1- 10 October 1925, Santa Maria cross veins; male tergum IX and ectoproct together forming an (=Floreana), Post Office Bay; 4 males, 1 female, 29 October, elongate appendage with apex oriented slightly dorsally, ster- same locality; and 1 male, 4-8 November 1925, same locality num VIII + IX together forming another but slightly shorter (all presumably in ZMO). Not examined. appendage (for illustration see Esben-Petersen 1934: 292, Fig. 2); female tergum IX and ectoproct forming an appendage Diagnosis similar to that of male but slightly shorter, gonapophysis This species may be distinguished by the following combina- lateralis slightly elongated and rounded apically, spermatheca tion of characters: body yellowish, with thorax, abdomen, and U-shaped, connected by a narrow duct basally. base of antennae slightly darker; forewing hyaline with yel- lowish venation and whitish hairs, pterostigma pale, costal area Distribution moderately broad (Fig. 21), Rs (radical sector) originates from This species is known only from the Galapagos Archipelago. basal fourth of R (radius), im (intermedian cell) horizontally It was reported by Esben-Petersen (1934) from Isla Santa Maria elongated and acutely pointed outwards, PSM (pseudomedia) (=Floreana) and by Linsley and Usinger (1966) from Isla straight with a single fork apically, PSC (pseudocubitus) Floreana. We have examined two specimens from Isla Santa subparallel to PSM with three apical veinlets forked, dcc (distal Cruz: 2 km N of Bellavista, 360 m, guava thicket, 13.VII.85, S. KLIMASZEWSKI ET AL. 3035 and J. Peck, Agricultural area (LEM), 1 male; and same data but space, membrane hyaline with numerous irregular light brown between 14.V. 1985 and 13.VIII. 1985 (LEM), 1 female. maculations and pale veins marked with dark brown dots (Figs. 16, 17), a dark brown patch occurring near end of cubitus (Cu,) FAMILY Hemerobiidae and another in marginal part of anal sector (Figs. 16, 17); rc Megalomus danvini Banks (radial cross vein) which usually occurs in other species (Figs. 6, 8-12, 13, 14, 15) between R4+5and some other part of radial sector (R2 + R3 or Banks, 1924: 179; Linsley and Usinger 1966: 140; Parkin et al. R3), absent; hind wing as in Figs. 16, 17; male ectoproct (Figs. 1972: 102. 1, 2) with three spine-like processes in posterior part, outer TYPE MATERIAL:Conway Bay, Isla Indefatigable (= Santa lateral one strongly curved and twisted, middle dorsal one Cruz), Galapagos Islands, 1 April 1923 (MCZ), 1 specimen of narrowly elongate with claw-like apex, inner one broad at base undetermined sex (abdomen missing) and additional one, and having strongly claw-like apical portion; gonarcus U-shaped presumably male, well preserved. Both types have been (Fig. 2), arcessus as in Figs. 1, 2; parameres fused medially compared with illustration of our specimens from the Galapagos forming styliform process posteriorly and broad plate ante- by S .R. Shaw. Because of the fragility of the types they could riorly, latter narrowly emarginate apically and having two not be sent to us. We designate the second specimen as lectotype lateral lobes (Fig. 5); female terminalia as in Fig. 4. by proxy. Remarks Diagnosis There are three other species of Sympherobius known to This species is the only representative of the genus Mega- occur in the Neotropical region: S. marginatus Kimmins , lomus occurring in the islands and is distinguished by the reported so far only from Guatemala (Kimmins 1928); S. following combination of characters: body brown to dark brown marmoratus Navas , 19 10 known from Argentina (Kimmins with face, antennae, and particularly legs appearing slightly 1929), and S. maculipennis Kimmins also recorded only from paler; forewing (Figs. 13, 14) brownish, with darker clouds Argentina. The first of these species may be easily distinguished especially near cross veins and cubital and jugal sectors and with from S. barberi by having the forewing slightly falcate, acutely dark veins, wing broadly oval, with rounded apex and with pointed with a slight subapical emargination, the dark brown abruptly broadened costal area in basal third, costal veinlets membrane bearing white spots. The two remaining species may except first 3 or 4 usually forked; Rs (radial sector) with four be readily separated from S. barberi by the presence of the rc branches; Ma (media anterior) with three main branches in basal (radial cross vein) in the forewing. As noted in the diagnosis half; outer and inner gradate cross veins forming two slightly above, this is absent in S. barberi. diverging lines, about 17 og (outer gradate) veins and about 9 ig Distribution (inner gradate) veins present; male terminalia and other geni- This is one of the most common and widely distributed talk structures as in Figs. 8-1 1, ectoproct triangularly elongate species of the genus (Carpenter 1940; Nakahara 1965). It is gonarcus and parameres fused media11~7 known to occur in the southem United States of America except for pan which forms two lobes. (Carpenter 1940), Mexico, and Peru (Nakahara 1965). We have

FemaleFor personal use only. terminalia and spermatheca as in Fig. 6. now discovered that it occurs also in the Galapagos Archi- Distribution pelago, and possibly in the Hawaiian Islands (sed below). This species was previously known from Santa Cruz Island Carpenter (1940) recorded S. barberi from most of the (Banks 1924; Parkin et al. 1972). We have examined additional southern United States (California, Utah, Arizona, Colorado, specimens collected from Santa Cruz, Academy Bay, Estacion New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas, North and Cientifica de Charles Darwin (ECCD), 30 m, 1O.V- 14.VII. South Carolina, and Virginia), the species ranging as far north 1985, S . and J. Peck, arid zone, thorn scrub, Malaise - flight as Oregon in the west and Ohio and Pennsylvania in the east. intercept trap (FIT) (LEM), 2 males, 1 female. Eastern records of this species, however, need verification, for Carpenter (1940) observed that all male specimens seen by him Sympherobius barberi (Banks) from the area east of Oklahoma and Kansas have the outer (Figs. 1-5, 16-18) process of the ectoproct less curved and scarcely twisted. We have been able to examine four specimens from the eastern Banks, 1903: 241; 1905: 42; Carpenter 1940: 235; Nakahara United States: two females, one from Florida, and one from 1960: 16; 1965: 108; Navas 1910: 80. Virginia, and two males, one from Ohio and the other from TYPE MATERIAL:2 female syntypes, Arizona, July 20 and 21, Can. J. Zool. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by Texas A&M University on 07/18/17 Pennsylvania (all USNM). Externally, except for the somewhat H.S. Barber and E.A. Schwarz (USNM), not examined; and paler bodies of the two females, the specimens studied by us did neallotype male (designated by Carpenter 1940): Arizona, not differ markedly in general form from typical Arizona Tucson, 19 December 1934, L.P. Wehrle (MCZ), studied. We material (we have studied the neallotype and 15 other specimens have not examined the syntypes and decline to designate a from that area, all USNM). Two males however (from Ohio and lectotype . Pennsylvania), had the outer process of the extoproct less Diagnosis curved and quite untwisted, agreeing with Carpenter's (1940) This species is recorded here from the Galapagos Islands for observation. The first male was extremely pale and the second the first time. It is distinct by virtue of the following combina- exceptionally dark. The body colour is apparently a highly tion of characters: body either entirely dark brown with slightly variable factor. Additional studies are needed to resolve the paler prothorax, face, and dorsum of head, or brownish to dark problem of the true distribution of the species and to determine brown with distinctly paler head and prothorax which bears whether the eastern North American populations are conspecific more or less visible dot-shaped darker spots, dot-shaped spots with that from other regions. also sometimes visible on meso- and meta-thorax, thorax with Nakahara (1965) reported S. barberi from six localities in pale, median stripe; forewing broadly oval with broad costal Mexico (Cuernavaca, Isla Clarion, Monterey, Sonora, and Isla CAN. J. ZOOL. VOL. 65, 1987 For personal use only. Can. J. Zool. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by Texas A&M University on 07/18/17

FIGS. 1-6. Abdominal terminalia, spermatheca, and parameres. Figs. 1-5. Sympherobius barberi (Banks) (specimens from Santa Cruz). Figs. 1 and 2. Male terminalia in lateral and dorsal views, respectively. Fig. 3. Spermatheca. Fig. 4. Female terminalia in lateral view. Fig. 5. Parameres in dorsal view. Fig. 6. Female terminalia of Megalomus danvini Banks in lateral view (specimen from Santa Cruz). ar, arcessus; ect, ectoproct (=tergum 10); gl, gonapophysis lateralis; gon, gonarcus; S, sternum; sp, spine; st, stylus; T, tergum. KLIMASZEWSKI ET AL. For personal use only. Can. J. Zool. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by Texas A&M University on 07/18/17

10 (I) FIGS. 7- 12. Abdominal terrninalia and other genitalic structures. Fig. 7. Myrmeleon perpilosus Banks: female abdominal terminalia in lateral view (specimen from Espafiola) . Figs. 8- 12. Megalomus danvini Banks (specimen from Santa Cruz) . Fig. 8. Male abdominal terminalia in lateral view. Fig. 9. Gonarcus with attached sclerite of mediuncus-entoprocessus complex in dorsal view. Figs. 10 and 1 1. Parameres in dorsal and lateral views. Fig. 12. Structures of mediuncus-entoprocessus complex. ect, ectoproct (=tergum 10); lg, lateral gonapophysis; med, mediuncus; pg, posterior gonapophysis; S, sternum; T, tergum. 3038 CAN. J. ZOOL. VOL. 65, 1987 For personal use only.

FIGS. 13- 15. Megalomus darwini Banks (specimens from Santa Cruz). Fig. 13. Habitus. Fig. 14. Forewing. FIG. 15. Hind wing. FIGS. 16- 18. Sympherobius barberi (Banks) (specimens from Santa Cruz) . Fig. 16. Habitus of female (missing abdomen indicated by dotted line). Fig. 17.

Can. J. Zool. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by Texas A&M University on 07/18/17 Forewing. Fig. 18. Hind wing. FIGS. 19 and 20. Myrmeleon perpilosus Banks (female from Santa Cruz). Fig. 19. Forewing. Fig. 20. Hind wing.

Socorro), and two localities in the coastal region of Peru (Lima follows: Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mor., VIII, 25, 1944, reared and Arequipa). We have examined two males and a female from from larva feeding on on stem of Eupatorium Peru (all USNM). These are labelled as follows: Lima, No. adenophorum, 1 male; and Cuernavaca, V. 1945,l female. The 21-57, Chillon, En. 1957, 1 male; and Piura, 30 August 1944, female was dark-coloured, as are the Galapagos specimens, but P.A. Berry, 1 male, 1 female. The last locality extends the range the male was paler (thus once more indicating that general of the species in Peru farther to the north on the coastal plain. colouration is not a character of any taxonomic significance). The Peruvian specimens proved to be conspecific with the The following specimens constitute the first records of S. typical series of S. barberi from Arizona, and as well as with the barberi from the Galapagos Archipelago: Santa Cruz, Academy specimens from the Galapagos. The only slight differences Bay, ECCD, 30 m, 1O.V.-14.VII.1985, S. and J. Peck, arid observed between Peruvian and Galapagos specimens were in zone, thorn scrub, Malaise-FIT trap (LEM), 1 male, 12 females; the lighter body colour and slightly more emarginate apex of Santa Cruz, 4 krn N of Bellavista, Media Luna, 620 m, 14.V.- parameres in the former. We have also been able to examine one 12.VII. 1985, S. and J. Peck, Miconia zone, Malaise-FIT trap male and one female from Mexico (both USNM), labelled as (LEM), 1 female. KLIMASZEWSKI ET AL. In addition to the above material Dr. O.S. Flint, Jr., of the USNM sent us three females from the Hawaiian Islands (Honolulu, Oahu, D.T. Fullaway , 1.8.32, USNM). These seem to be conspecific with S. barberi, although they appear to have longer hairs on the wings and body. Study of male genitalic structures is essential for confirmation of the identification, but, if correct, it would be most likely that S. barberi is an introduction by man from the continental United States.

FAMILY Myrmeleontidae Myrmeleon perpilosus Banks (Figs. 7, 19, 20, 22) Banks, 1924: 177; Linsley and Usinger 1966: 140; Stange 1969: 196; Parkin et al. 1972: 102; Linsley 1977: 19. TYPE MATERIAL:Holotype, Galapagos Islands, Isla Indefatig- able (= Santa Cruz) , Conway Bay, 1 April 1923 (MCZ), 1 male. Compared with our illustrations and photographs by S.R. Shaw. Because of the fragility of the type, it could not be sent to us. Diagnosis This species is distinguishable by the following combination of characters: body generally brownish grey, with clypeus, lower part of face, palpi, basis of mandible, and narrow postorbital areas yellowish; anterior margin, anterior comers, two spots on each side, and a narrow median stripe of pronotum also yellowish; meso- and meta-thorax uniformly brownish grey with paler posterior margins; abdomen brownish grey with posterior margins of terga 3-5 yellowish; legs yellowish ventrally and brownish dorsally; thorax and abdomen with long but sparse, yellowish grey hairs and short, dense, whitish pubescence which also occurs on dorsum of head; tibiae with dark brown, strong spines; forewing (Figs. 19, 22) narrowly elongate, slightly broadening basally and pointed apically; membrane transparent, clear, veins yellowish with brown spots; coastal area narrowly elongate except for extremely narrow basalFor personal use only. part; hypostigmatic cell narrowly arcuate; Rs + MA (radial sector and media anterior) with 7 main branches; MP,+2 (media posterior) straight ; CuA (cubitus anterior) deeply forked in basal third; CUP+ 1A (cubitus posterior and first anal vein) straight except base; 2A (second anal vein) and 3A (third anal vein) short and arcuate, hind wing as in Figs. 20, 22; male terminalia and genitalia as illustrated by Stange (1969: 193), with ectoproct having dorsally produced, narrowly elongate, and acutely pointed process; female terminalia as in Fig. 7, with ectoproct bearing dorsally oriented, strong spines clustered at the bottom, lateral gonapophysis and posterior gonapophysis bearing long, spine-like setae. This species is readily distinguished from the species of Dimares recorded from continental Ecuador (and dubiously Can. J. Zool. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by Texas A&M University on 07/18/17 from the Galapagos) by the ectoproct having stout spines clustered at the bottom (they are more evenly distributed in Dimares), by having more narrowly elongate wings (maximum width no more than 1/5 of length), and by the wing membrane being quite transparent (it is maculate in Dimares). Distribution This species is widely distributed, and sometimes common. The following are the known records for the Galapagos Islands: Espafiola (present new record), Pinzon, Santa Cruz, Santa F6, and Wenman (=Wolf Island) (Banks 1924; Linsley and Usinger 1966; Stange 1969; Parkin et al. 1972; and Linsley 1977). Elsewhere M. perpilosus occurs in southern Mexico (Veracruz and Oaxaca) and in the coastal plain of Peru south to Lima (S tange 1969, 1970). 3040 CAN. J. ZOOL. VOL. 65, 1987

We have examined two Galapagos females of this species as Myrmeleontidae, described by Navas and placed in the Vienna follows: Isla Espafiola, Bahia Manzanilla, 5- 10.VI. 1985, S. Museum. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 60: 190- 196. and J. Peck, littoral Cryptocarpus and Prosopis, Malaise-FIT 1934. The Norwegian Zoological Expedition to the Galapagos trap (LEM), 1 female; and Isla Santa Cruz, Academy Bay, Islands 1925, conducted by Alf Wollebaek. XII. Neuropterous ECCD, 30 m, 10.V.- 14.VII.1985, S. and J. Peck, arid zone, insects from Galapagos Islands. Meddr. Zool. Mus. Oslo, 54: thorn scrub, Malaise-FIT trap (LEM) 1 female. 291 -294. HAMANN,0. 1984. Changes and threats to the vegetation. In The first specimen constitutes the new and the only known Galapagos. Key environments. Edited by R. Perry. Pergamon Press, record from the Island of Espafiola. New York. pp. 115-131. KIMMINS,D.E. 1928. New and little known Neuroptera of Central Acknowledgements America. Eos. Rev. Espan. Ent. 4: 363-370. We sincerely thank O.S. Flint, Jr., of the United States 1929. Some new and little known Argentine Neuroptera. Rev. National Museum, Washington, DC, for sending many impor- Soc. Entomol. Argentina, 9: 187- 192. tant specimens, including types, and S .R. Shaw of the Museum LINSLEY,E.G. 1977. Insects of the Galapagos Islands (supplement). of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, for com- Occas. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci. 125. paring our illustrations and photographs with type specimens of LINSLEY,E.G., and USINGER,R.L. 1966. Insects of the Galapagos species described by N. Banks from the regions considered. We Islands. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (4th Ser.), 33(7): 113- 196. NAKAHARA,W. 1960. Systematic studies on the Hemerobiidae appreciate the criticism and technical assistance of our col- (Neuroptera). Mushi, 34( 1): 1-69, Plates 1- 16. leagues L. LeSage of the Biosystematics Research Centre, and 1965. Neotropical Hemerobiidae in the United States National B. Landry of Macdonald College; the latter was extremely Museum. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 117: 107- 122, Plates 1 and 2. helpful in improving the mounting technique for small Neurop- NAVAS,L. 19 10. Hemerobidos nuevos, con la clave de 10s tribus y tera. Miguel Cifuentes and Fausto Cepeda are thanked for generos de la familia. Broteria, Ser. Zool. 9: 69-90. issuing permits for the study and collection of insects in the 19 12. Myrmeleonides (Ins. Nkur.) nouveaux ou peu connus. protected lands of the Galapagos National Park. Giinther Reck Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles, 36: 204-248. and the staff of the Charles Darwin Research Station are thanked PARKIN,P., PARKIN,D.T., EWING,A.W., and FORD,H.A. 1972. A for making research facilities available. The fieldwork was sup- report on the arthropods collected by the Edinburgh University ported by operating grants to Stewart and Jarmila Peck from the Galapagos Islands Expedition, 1968. Pan. -Pac. Entomol. 48(2): 100-107. Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada PORTER,D.M. 1983. Vascular plants of the Galapagos: origins and (NSERC) for the study of insect evolution. This project was also dispersal. In Patterns of evolution in Galapagos organisms. Edited partly supported by an NSERC operating grant to D.K.McE. by R.I. Bowman, M. Benson, and A.E. Leviton. Pacific Division, Kevan. American Association for the Advancement of Science, California Academy of Science, San Francisco. pp. 33-96. BANKS,N. 1903. Neuropteroid insects from Arizona. Proc. Entomol. 1984. Relationships of the Galapagos flora. In Evolution in the Soc. Wash. 5: 237-245. Galapagos. Edited by R. J. Berry. Academic Press, London. pp. 1905. A revision of the Nearctic Hemerobiidae. Trans. Am. 243-25 1. [Reprinted from Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 21 (1 and 2), 1984.1 Entomol. Soc. 32: 21-5 1. STANGE,L. A. 1969. Myrmeleontidae of the Galapagos Islands For personal use only. 1908. New tropical American Neuroptera. Proc. Entomol. (Insecta: Neuroptera). Acta Zool. Lilloana, 25(17): 189- 197. Soc. Wash. 9: 30-34. 1970. Revision of the ant-lion tribe Brachynemurini of North 1924. Neuroptera from the Williams Galapagos expedition. America (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) . Univ. Calif. Publ. Zoologica (N.Y .), 5(17): 117- 180. Entomol. BOWMAN,R.T. 1963. Evolutionary patterns in Darwin's finches. TOWNES,H. 1972. A light-weight Malaise trap. Entomol. News, 83: Occas. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci. 44: 107-140. 239-247. CARPENTER,F.M. 1940. A revision of the Nearctic Hemerobiidae, WALKER,F. 1853. List of the specimens of neuropterous insects in the Berothidae, Sisyridae, Polystoechotidae and Dilaridae (Neurop- collection of the British Museum. Part I1 (Sialidae-Nemopterides). tera). Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 74: 193-280. British Museum, London. pp. 193-476. ESBEN-PETERSEN,P. 1920. Revision of some of the type specimens of Can. J. Zool. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by Texas A&M University on 07/18/17 This article has been cited by:

1. Charles W. HeckmanHemerobiidae 355-412. [CrossRef] 2. Víctor J. Monserrat. 2015. Los hemeróbidos de la Península Ibérica y Baleares (Insecta, Neuropterida, Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae). Graellsia 71:2, e026. [CrossRef] 3. Stewart B. Peck. 1996. Diversity and distribution of the orthopteroid insects of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. Canadian Journal of Zoology 74:8, 1497-1510. [Abstract] [PDF] [PDF Plus] For personal use only. Can. J. Zool. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by Texas A&M University on 07/18/17