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A Review of the Centipede Genus Tidops Chamberlin

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A Review of the Centipede Genus Tidops Chamberlin IJM 5: 63–82 (2011) A peer-reviewed open-access journal A review of the centipede genus Tidops Chamberlin... INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL63 OF doi: 10.3897/ijm.5.1649 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.pensoft.net/journals/ijm Myriapodology A review of the centipede genus Tidops Chamberlin (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopocryptopidae, Newportiinae) Amazonas Chagas-Júnior1,2 1 Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/nº, São Cristóvão, CEP- 20940-040. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil 2 Present address: Laboratório de Artrópodes, Instituto Butantan, Ave- nida Vital Brasil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brasil urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:C3384432-B2C7-4B4A-821C-44CB101BB075 Corresponding author: Amazonas Chagas-Júnior ([email protected]) Academic editor: Pavel Stoev | Received 1 June 2011 | Accepted 4 August 2011 | Published 11 October 2011 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:ABB372AB-8B64-462F-AF42-5536DC2FC293 Citation: Chagas-Júnior A (2011) A review of the centipede genus Tidops Chamberlin (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopocryptopidae, Newportiinae). International Journal of Myriapodology 5: 63–82. doi: 10.3897/ijm.5.1649 Abstract The neotropical genus Tidops Chamberlin, 1915 is reviewed and its geographical distribution is extended. The genus is now composed of four species – T. simus Chamberlin, 1915, T. collaris (Kraepelin, 1915), T. balzanii (Silvestri, 1895), and a new species described from the state of Bahia, in Brazil, named as Tidops nisargani. An amended diagnosis for each species is given. The monotypic genus Kartops Archey, 1923 was examined for the first time and the species K. guianae Archey, 1923 shown to be conspecific with T. collaris, and is therefore a junior synonym of T. collaris. The type species, T. simus, which was only known from Grenada, Lesser Antilles, is recorded for the first time from Brazil, T. balzanii from Bolivia and T. collaris from Venezuela, respectively. Keywords Chilopoda, Newportia, Kartops, Taxonomy, Neotropical, Brazil Copyright Amazonas Chagas-Júnior. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 64 Amazonas Chagas-Júnior / International Journal of Myriapodology 5: 63–82 (2011) Introduction Tidops is a Neotropical genus of scolopendromorph centipedes described by Cham- berlin (1915) for Newportia-like species with short tarsungula and coxosternal denti- form tooth plates. They are small scolopendromorphs between 19 to 35 millimeters long with light to pale orange body color and cephalic plate and ultimate legs reddish orange. Three species have been recognized by Schileyko and Minelli (1999): Tidops simus Chamberlin, 1915, T. collaris (Kraepelin, 1903) and T. balzanii (Silvestri, 1895). The first species is known only from Grenada, Lesser Antilles, T. collaris was recorded from Guyana, Brazil and Paraguay, and T. balzanii from Brazil and Paraguay (Schil- eyko and Stagl 2004). The similar conformation of the ultimate pair of legs shared by species of Tidops and Newportia Gervais, 1847, led some authors in the past to describe some species of Tidops under Newportia. However, Schileyko and Minelli (1999) noted for the first time that the structure of the forcipular coxosternum was different in those genera. Because of this, two species, N. collaris and N. balzanii were transferred to Tidops and N. bicegoi Brölemann, 1905 and T. echinopus Chamberlin, 1921 were synonymized under T. collaris. Schileyko and Minnelli’s (1999) study was restricted to some synonymical notes. Therefore in this paper the species of Tidops and a related and enigmatic genus Kartops Archey, 1923 are revised. Repository acronyms are as follows: AMNH—American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA; BMNH—Natural History Museum, London, England; IBSP—Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, MCZ—Muse- um of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; MNRJ—Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; MNHN—Muséum National d´Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; MPEG— Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brazil; NMNH—National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., USA; ZMH—Zoolo- gisches Museum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; ZMUC—Natural History Museum of Denmark (Zoologisk Museum), Copenhagen, Denmark and CMNZ—Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand. Descriptive terminology follows Lewis et al. (2005) and Bonato et al. (2010). Results Taxonomy Family Scolopocryptopidae Pocock, 1896 Subfamily Newportiinae Pocock, 1896 Diagnosis. Median-sized to small scolopocryptopids, general body color brown, dark or pale yellow, cephalic plate reddish brown and legs yellow. Cephalic plate, tergites and sternites normally smooth, with or without short incomplete sutures A review of the centipede genus Tidops Chamberlin... 65 starting on the posterior border of the cephalic plate; with or without a pair of spir- acles on the seventh pedal segment, last tergite always margined, sternites usually longer than wide, with coxopleural processes, ultimate legs elongated and relatively slender, prefemora of the ultimate legs with three or more and femur and tibia with or without spinous processes. Second tarsus divided in “pseudoarticles”. Included genera. Newportia and Tidops. Distribution. Neotropical. Tidops Chamberlin, 1915 http://species-id.net/wiki/Tidops Tidops Chamberlin, 1915: 495. Attems, 1930: 284. Bücherl, 1941a: 341. Schileyko & Minelli, 1999: 293. Schileyko, 2002: 483. Schileyko & Stagl, 2004: 125. Kartops Archey, 1923: 113. Type species. Tidops simus Chamberlin, 1915 (by monotypy). Diagnosis. Small Newportiinae, cephalic plate with two short incomplete sutures at the posterior border; forcipular coxosternum with short tarsungula, only the api- ces overlap in closed position; coxosternal tooth plates dentiform; 7th pedal segments without spiracles; first tergite with anterior transverse sulcus giving rise to paired fur- cate sutures extending posteriorly in a “W-shaped” configuration, with two paired sutures arising from base of former, angling slightly laterally to posterior margin; tibia of the ultimate legs without spines or spinous process, very much thicker than the tar- sus 1, somewhat clavately widening distad and at ventral corner of distal end bearing a cylindric process; tarsus 1 with or without a distal ventral expansion. Included species. T. simus, T. collaris, T. balzanii and T. nisargani sp. n. Distribution. Grenada, Guyana, Venezuela (new record), Brazil, Bolivia (new re- cord) and Paraguay. Remarks. The presence or absence of a pair of spiracles on the seventh pedal seg- ment is traditionally used in the diagnosis of some genera of Scolopendromorpha. Di et al (2010) presented arguments for why the taxonomic value of this character is exaggerated, and concluded that the segment 7 spiracle is a reliable character to the species level, but probably not at the generic level. Chamberlin (1915), in the de- scription of the genus Tidops, quoted eleven pairs of elliptical spiracles, a pair on the seventh pedal segment, the same condition as in the sister group Newportia. Schileyko and Stagl (2004) noted that, in a large number of specimens of T. collaris, spiracles are absent on the seventh pedal segment. I was not able to check this character in the holotype of T. simus because the specimen was mounted on a slide, however, accord- ing to all specimens examined in this study, no spiracles are present on the seventh pedal segment. Chamberlin (1915) also described “a conspicuous cylindric process at ventroectal corner of distal end of the tibia of the ultimate legs” in T. simus (cf. Chamberlin (1915) plate 1, fig. 6). This cylindric process was also observed in a speci- 66 Amazonas Chagas-Júnior / International Journal of Myriapodology 5: 63–82 (2011) men from Brazil identified in this study as T. simus, and for the first time in some specimens of T. balzanii. In addition, the tarsus of the ultimate legs of T. simus and T. balzanii are strongly clavate. In T. nisargani and in T. collaris the cylindric process on the tibia was not present, but in T. nisargani there is a small expansion on the ventral end of the tarsus 1 in a few specimens. This distal cylindrical process on the tibia and the ventral expansion of the distal portion of the tarsus 1 in T. simus and T. balzanii may be a character of the males of these species, though more specimens are needed to confirm this hypothesis. Tidops simus Chamberlin, 1915 http://species-id.net/wiki/Tidops_simus Tidops simus Chamberlin, 1915: 496. Attems, 1930: 285. Schileyko & Minelli, 1999: 296. Schileyko & Stagl, 2004: 125. Type material: Holotype (MCZ 14550, examined) GRENADA: Richmond Hill, 1910, coll. G. M. Allen and C. T. Brues. Additional material: (ZMUC) 1 specimen, BRAZIL: “Brasilien”, Pará, Santarém, Taperinha, 9-XI-1970, Ove Jensen. Diagnosis. Prefemur of the ultimate legs with three ventral spinal processes, and femur with two. With a cylindric process at ventral corner of distal end of the tibia of the ultimate legs. Tarsus 1 of the ultimate legs clavate. (cf. Chamberlin (1915) plate 1, fig. 6). Femur and tibia of equal length; second tarsus divided into 9-11 “pseudoarti- cles”. Tooth plates dentiform longer than wide. Coxopleural process medium to short. Remarks. The holotype of T. simus is mounted on a slide and almost all pieces are broken. The specimen has been mounted
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