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Reference Guide Booklet.Lwp TheThe BIRDS BIRDS of of DutchessDutchess County, County, N.Y. N.Y. AA Reference Reference Guide Guide RalphRalph T. T. Waterman Waterman Bird Bird Club Club FoundedFounded 1958 1958 Table of Contents Definition of Symbols .................1 Bird Classification (simplified) ............ 11 Subspecies – Lumping and Splitting ABUNDANCE BAR GRAPHS BAR ABUNDANCE ........ Geese, Swans, Ducks 2 11 Game Birds, Loons, Grebes, Cormorants, 3 Selected Bird Song Mnemonics ........... 12 Herons, Egrets Vultures, Osprey, Hawks, Eagles, Rails, 4 American and British Birds – Two Names, One 12 Plovers, Sandpipers Species Gulls, Dove, Cuckoos, Owls, Nighthawk, 5 Reporting Dutchess County Bird Sightings ... 13 Swift, Kingfisher, Woodpeckers Falcons, Flycatchers, Vireos, Jay, Crows, 6 Birding Ethics ....................... 13 Swallows Nuthatches, Wrens, Kinglets, Thrushes, 7 Where to Bird in Dutchess County . 14 Mimics, Pipit, Waxwing, Longspurs (map on back cover) Index ............................. Wood-Warblers, Sparrows 8 15 Tanager, Grosbeaks, Blackbirds, Orioles, 9 Finches CREATED BY Stan DeOrsey ([email protected]) Casual and Accidental Species .......... 10 6TH EDITION, August 2015 Definition of Symbols CURRENT STATUS CURRENT Current Dutchess County population for each bird species by month is shown as follows: aaaa ABUNDANT: widespread and easily found in proper habitat in large numbers. cccc COMMON: widespread and easily found in proper habitat in smaller numbers. uuuu UNCOMMON: widespread in very small numbers or common only in very restricted habitat. rrrr IRREGULAR: not reported every year. V Variable abundance, prone to erratic outbreaks. Arrow shows population trend based only on the May Census and Christmas / Waterfowl Counts since 2000: increasing, decreasing, stable N Usually heard or active at dusk and night. + Identification usually requires hearing song or call. M Hudson Valley species of greatest conservation need. Ref. NYS DEC Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy, proposed updates as of Dec. 2014. HISTORY BREEDS: shading bounds earliest date of first egg to latest date of last fledged including multiple broods. Confirmed at least once since 2000. Shading design indicates usual location of nest: mid to high in trees bushes or low trees tree cavity or nest box manmade structures on or near ground, marsh vegetation, or burrow <S> Sporadic breeding, perhaps once per decade. (I) Introduced by man, non-native species. (R) Reintroduced or Released native species. Continued on next page 1 Change in Dutchess County status since 1840, but may have been present in the Colonial period: BIODIVERSITY [x DECADE] eXpanded to county during the DECADE, considered accidental if seen earlier. <YEAR First YEAR known to have regularly bred, YEAR> Last YEAR known to have bred. Hab. identifies habitats in which the species is most likely to occur in Dutchess County. L LAKES, ponds, or creeks F FORESTS, wood lots, orchards, or groves H primarily on HUDSON River Fc primarily CONIFEROUS growth S SHORES of lakes and creeks, or mud flats Fd primarily DECIDUOUS growth M MARSHES, bogs, or swamps usually high in forest trees O OPEN fields, pastures, or meadows usually low in trees or on the ground B BRUSHY fields, forest edges, or thickets no high / low symbol, at any height R RESIDENTIAL areas, towns, or feeders A AERIAL, often seen high overhead Species within Order or Family migrate mainly by day , at night , or both , at times continuously. The Neotropical Migrants which migrate between N.Y. and Central / South America usually follow: 1 – Atlantic Ocean direct (in fall), 2 – West Indies and Caribbean Sea by Florida, 3 – trans-Gulf chiefly by Yucatan, 4 – circum-Gulf by land. For those species which migrate through or winter in New York State, most individuals nest in: A – Arctic tundra B – Boreal (Taiga) forests and lakes © – indicates circumpolar or Holarctic species, those also native to northern parts of Europe or Asia. Double lines (bb) separate Orders, single lines (uu) separate Families, left margin lines ( | ) group Genus. Sequence and names follow AOU Check-list of North American Birds, 7th edition thru supplement 56. WHEN TO EXPECT REGULARLY OCCURRING SPECIES J F M A M J J A S O N D Hab. WATERFOWLbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb Greater White-fronted Goose A © ... [x1980s] rrrrr r r r r LO Snow Goose A ........................ uuuuuccr r r r r uucccuu LO Brant A © .............................. ccr ucu HA Cackling Goose A ................... r r r r rr L Canada Goose B ............... (R)<1956 aaaaaaacccccccccaaaaaaaa LO Mute Swan © ............. (I)[x1970s]<1978 cccccccccccccccccccccccc L Tundra Swan A © ....................... rrr r r L Wood Duck ........................... rrrucccccccccccccccccuur LSM Gadwall © .............................. r ruur r uuuuurr LSM American Wigeon B ..................... r ruuuurr rruur r LSM M American Black Duck ...................cccccuuuuuuuuuuuuucccccc LSM Mallard © ..................... (R)<1940s aaaaacccccccccccccaaaaaa LSM M Blue-winged Teal 3-1 ............ <S><1963 r r ruuuu r uurr LSM Northern Shoveler © ..................... r rrrr rrrrr LSM M Northern Pintail B © ...................... rrruurr r rruurrr LSM Green-winged Teal B .................... rrruuuuuur ruuuurr LSM Canvasback B ......................... uuucccu rucc HL Redhead ............................. r rr r rr r L 2 J F M A M J J A S O N D Hab. Ring-necked Duck B ....................uuuucccur rcccccc L M Greater Scaup B © ....................... r rrrr r r rrr HL M Lesser Scaup B ........................ rrrr r rrrr L M Surf Scoter B .......................... r rrr r L M White-winged Scoter B © .................. r r rr r r HL M Black Scoter B ......................... r rr HL M Long-tailed Duck A © ..................... r rr rr HL Bufflehead B ........................... rrrruuur uuurr L M Common Goldeneye B © .................. rrruuur rrrrr HL Hooded Merganser ............... <1970 rrruuuuurrrrr ruuuu LS Common Merganser B © ........... <2002 cccccccur r r r r ruucc HL Red-breasted Merganser B © .............. rrrrr r r r H M Ruddy Duck ..........................rrrrrrr r ruccuu L UPLAND GAME BIRDS bbbbbbbbbbbbbbb M Northern Bobwhite ........ 1930s>(R)<1950s r r r r r rr r r r r r r OB uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu Ring-necked Pheasant....(I)[x1910s]<by1920 uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu OB M Ruffed Grouse ........................ r r r r r r r r r r r r F Wild Turkey ............ by1840s>(R)<1974 cccccccccccccccccccccccc OF NORTHERN DIVERS bbbbbbbbbbbbbbb Red-throated Loon A © ................... rr rrrr r H J F M A M J J A S O N D Hab. M Common Loon B © ....................... r r ruuuurr r rrr r HL GREBES bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb M Pied-billed Grebe ...................... rrrruccccu r r ruccccccu LM M Horned Grebe B © ........................ r r rrr rr L Red-necked Grebe B © ................... r r r rrr rr r H FULL-WEB-FOOTED SWIMMERS bbbbbb Double-crested Cormorant .............. r rucccuuuuucccccccrr H Great Cormorant © ............... [x2000s] rr r r r rrrrr H WADING BIRDS bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb M American Bittern . .............. 1963> ruurr r rr r r r M M Least Bittern 3 ............................. rr r r r M Great Blue Heron ........... 1890s><1960 uuucccccccccccccccccccuu SMA M Great Egret © ......................... rrr uuuuuurr S M Snowy Egret ................... [x1960s] r rrr r r S M Little Blue Heron ................[x1960s] rr rrr r S M Cattle Egret .....................[x1960s] rrr rrrrrr O Green Heron 3 ............................. ruccccccccccccr SM M Black-crowned Night-Heron © ........ 1950> N rrrrr ruuuuuu HS 2 M Yellow-crowned Night-Heron ...... [x1960s] N r r r r r S uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu M Glossy Ibis ..................... [x1970s] r rr rr M 3 J F M A M J J A S O N D Hab. DIURNAL RAPTORS bbbbbbbbbbbbbbb Black Vulture .............. [x1990s]<2002 uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu OA Turkey Vulture ........... [x1930s]<by1992 uuuuccccccccccccccccuuuu OA uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu Osprey 2 © .......................... 1923> ruuurr r ruuuur HA uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu B M Bald Eagle ............. by1921>(R)<1999 cccccuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuc HA M Northern Harrier B © ............... 1956> uuuuuuuuurr ruuuuuuuu MO Sharp-shinned Hawk ........ 1930s><2002 uuuuuuuuuurrruuuuuuuuuuu FR Cooper’s Hawk ........................ uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu FR M Northern Goshawk © .............. <1968 rrrrrrrrrr r r r r rrrrrr F M Red-shouldered Hawk .................. uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu FA Broad-winged Hawk 4 .............. <by1922 rrcuuuuuuuuucu FA Red-tailed Hawk .......................ccccccccccuuuuuuuuuccccc OFA Rough-legged Hawk A © .............. V uuuurr r rrrrr O M Golden Eagle B © ........................ rrrr r rr r rrrrr A MARSH DWELLERS bbbbbbbbbbbbbbb M King Rail ............................. rrr M Virginia Rail ........................... rrurr r r r r M Sora ................................. r rrrr r r r M Common Gallinule ..................... rr r r r r M American Coot ........................ ccccccurr ruccccc LM J F M A M J J A S O N D Hab. uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu Sandhill Crane B ................. [x2000s] r rrr r rrr OA SHOREBIRDS & COASTAL SEABIRDS bbb M Black-bellied Plover 2 A ©................. rr r r SO M American Golden-Plover 3-1 A ©............. r r SO Semipalmated Plover A .................. rr r r S Killdeer .............................. r uucccccccccccccccu
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