THESE TERMS GOVERN YOUR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT

Your use of this Ontario Geological Survey document (the “Content”) is governed by the terms set out on this page (“Terms of Use”). By downloading this Content, you (the “User”) have accepted, and have agreed to be bound by, the Terms of Use.

Content: This Content is offered by the Province of Ontario’s Ministry of Northern Development and Mines (MNDM) as a public service, on an “as-is” basis. Recommendations and statements of opinion expressed in the Content are those of the author or authors and are not to be construed as statement of government policy. You are solely responsible for your use of the Content. You should not rely on the Content for legal advice nor as authoritative in your particular circumstances. Users should verify the accuracy and applicability of any Content before acting on it. MNDM does not guarantee, or make any warranty express or implied, that the Content is current, accurate, complete or reliable. MNDM is not responsible for any damage however caused, which results, directly or indirectly, from your use of the Content. MNDM assumes no legal liability or responsibility for the Content whatsoever.

Links to Other Web Sites: This Content may contain links, to Web sites that are not operated by MNDM. Linked Web sites may not be available in French. MNDM neither endorses nor assumes any responsibility for the safety, accuracy or availability of linked Web sites or the information contained on them. The linked Web sites, their operation and content are the responsibility of the person or entity for which they were created or maintained (the “Owner”). Both your use of a linked Web site, and your right to use or reproduce information or materials from a linked Web site, are subject to the terms of use governing that particular Web site. Any comments or inquiries regarding a linked Web site must be directed to its Owner.

Copyright: Canadian and international intellectual property laws protect the Content. Unless otherwise indicated, copyright is held by the Queen’s Printer for Ontario.

It is recommended that reference to the Content be made in the following form: , . ; Ontario Geological Survey, , p.

Use and Reproduction of Content: The Content may be used and reproduced only in accordance with applicable intellectual property laws. Non-commercial use of unsubstantial excerpts of the Content is permitted provided that appropriate credit is given and Crown copyright is acknowledged. Any substantial reproduction of the Content or any commercial use of all or part of the Content is prohibited without the prior written permission of MNDM. Substantial reproduction includes the reproduction of any illustration or figure, such as, but not limited to graphs, charts and maps. Commercial use includes commercial distribution of the Content, the reproduction of multiple copies of the Content for any purpose whether or not commercial, use of the Content in commercial publications, and the creation of value-added products using the Content.

Contact:

FOR FURTHER PLEASE CONTACT: BY TELEPHONE: BY E-MAIL: INFORMATION ON The Reproduction of MNDM Publication Local: (705) 670-5691 Content Services Toll Free: 1-888-415-9845, ext. [email protected] 5691 (inside Canada, United States) The Purchase of MNDM Publication Local: (705) 670-5691 MNDM Publications Sales Toll Free: 1-888-415-9845, ext. [email protected] 5691 (inside Canada, United States) Crown Copyright Queen’s Printer Local: (416) 326-2678 [email protected] Toll Free: 1-800-668-9938 (inside Canada, United States)

LES CONDITIONS CI-DESSOUS RÉGISSENT L'UTILISATION DU PRÉSENT DOCUMENT.

Votre utilisation de ce document de la Commission géologique de l'Ontario (le « contenu ») est régie par les conditions décrites sur cette page (« conditions d'utilisation »). En téléchargeant ce contenu, vous (l'« utilisateur ») signifiez que vous avez accepté d'être lié par les présentes conditions d'utilisation.

Contenu : Ce contenu est offert en l'état comme service public par le ministère du Développement du Nord et des Mines (MDNM) de la province de l'Ontario. Les recommandations et les opinions exprimées dans le contenu sont celles de l'auteur ou des auteurs et ne doivent pas être interprétées comme des énoncés officiels de politique gouvernementale. Vous êtes entièrement responsable de l'utilisation que vous en faites. Le contenu ne constitue pas une source fiable de conseils juridiques et ne peut en aucun cas faire autorité dans votre situation particulière. Les utilisateurs sont tenus de vérifier l'exactitude et l'applicabilité de tout contenu avant de l'utiliser. Le MDNM n'offre aucune garantie expresse ou implicite relativement à la mise à jour, à l'exactitude, à l'intégralité ou à la fiabilité du contenu. Le MDNM ne peut être tenu responsable de tout dommage, quelle qu'en soit la cause, résultant directement ou indirectement de l'utilisation du contenu. Le MDNM n'assume aucune responsabilité légale de quelque nature que ce soit en ce qui a trait au contenu.

Liens vers d'autres sites Web : Ce contenu peut comporter des liens vers des sites Web qui ne sont pas exploités par le MDNM. Certains de ces sites pourraient ne pas être offerts en français. Le MDNM se dégage de toute responsabilité quant à la sûreté, à l'exactitude ou à la disponibilité des sites Web ainsi reliés ou à l'information qu'ils contiennent. La responsabilité des sites Web ainsi reliés, de leur exploitation et de leur contenu incombe à la personne ou à l'entité pour lesquelles ils ont été créés ou sont entretenus (le « propriétaire »). Votre utilisation de ces sites Web ainsi que votre droit d'utiliser ou de reproduire leur contenu sont assujettis aux conditions d'utilisation propres à chacun de ces sites. Tout commentaire ou toute question concernant l'un de ces sites doivent être adressés au propriétaire du site.

Droits d'auteur : Le contenu est protégé par les lois canadiennes et internationales sur la propriété intellectuelle. Sauf indication contraire, les droits d'auteurs appartiennent à l'Imprimeur de la Reine pour l'Ontario. Nous recommandons de faire paraître ainsi toute référence au contenu : nom de famille de l'auteur, initiales, année de publication, titre du document, Commission géologique de l'Ontario, série et numéro de publication, nombre de pages.

Utilisation et reproduction du contenu : Le contenu ne peut être utilisé et reproduit qu'en conformité avec les lois sur la propriété intellectuelle applicables. L'utilisation de courts extraits du contenu à des fins non commerciales est autorisé, à condition de faire une mention de source appropriée reconnaissant les droits d'auteurs de la Couronne. Toute reproduction importante du contenu ou toute utilisation, en tout ou en partie, du contenu à des fins commerciales est interdite sans l'autorisation écrite préalable du MDNM. Une reproduction jugée importante comprend la reproduction de toute illustration ou figure comme les graphiques, les diagrammes, les cartes, etc. L'utilisation commerciale comprend la distribution du contenu à des fins commerciales, la reproduction de copies multiples du contenu à des fins commerciales ou non, l'utilisation du contenu dans des publications commerciales et la création de produits à valeur ajoutée à l'aide du contenu.

Renseignements :

POUR PLUS DE VEUILLEZ VOUS PAR TÉLÉPHONE : PAR COURRIEL : RENSEIGNEMENTS SUR ADRESSER À : la reproduction du Services de Local : (705) 670-5691 contenu publication du MDNM Numéro sans frais : 1 888 415-9845, [email protected] poste 5691 (au Canada et aux États-Unis) l'achat des Vente de publications Local : (705) 670-5691 publications du MDNM du MDNM Numéro sans frais : 1 888 415-9845, [email protected] poste 5691 (au Canada et aux États-Unis) les droits d'auteurs de Imprimeur de la Local : 416 326-2678 [email protected] la Couronne Reine Numéro sans frais : 1 800 668-9938 (au Canada et aux États-Unis)

ERQPJERTY OF ONTARIO DEPT. OF MINES GEOLOGICAL BRANCH

ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF MINES

HON. G. C. WARDROPE, Minister D. P. DOUGLASS Deputy Minister

______J. E. THOMSON, Director, Geological Branch

Geology of the Kashabowie Area

District of Thunder Bay

By J. M. HODGKINSON

Geological Report 53

TORONTO 1968 Crown copyrights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, without the permission of the Ontario Department of Mines.

Publications of the Ontario Department of Mines

and pricelists

are obtainable through the

Publications Office, Ontario Department of Mines Parliament Buildings, Queen©s Park Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Orders for publications should be accompanied by cheque, or money order, payable in Canadian funds to Treasurer of Ontario. Stamps are not acceptable.

2,000—E20-1968

CONTENTS

PAGE Abstract...... vi Introduction ...... l Acknowledgements...... 2 Means of Access...... 2 Previous Geological Work...... 2 Topography...... 3 General Geology...... 3 Table of Formations...... 4 Metavolcanics...... S Acid Metavolcanics...... 5 Basic Metavolcanics...... 7 Kashabowie Group...... 8 Early Basic Intrusive Rocks...... 10 Gabbro...... 10 Peridotite...... 11 Differentiated Basic Plutons...... 13 Lamprophyre, Quartz Amphibolite, and Diorite...... 15 Granitic and Syenitic Plutonic Rocks...... 15 Granitic Rocks North of the Postans Fault...... 15 Granites South of the Postans Fault...... 16 Greenwater Lake Granite...... 16 Loch Erne Granite...... 16 Loch Macdougall Granite...... 16 Southern Granite...... 16 Acid and Intermediate Minor Intrusive Rocks...... 17 Trachyandesite, Trachyte and Syenite...... 17 Quartz Porphyry and Quartz-Feldspar Porphyry...... 18 Late Basic Intrusive Rocks...... 18 Pleistocene...... 18 Structural Geology...... 18 Folding...... 18 Folding of the Kashabowie Group...... 19 Folding of the Metavolcanic Group...... 19 Faulting...... 19 Postans Fault...... 19 Crayfish Creek Fault...... 20 Tinto Lake Fault...... 20 Other Faults...... 20 Economic Geology...... 20 Copper ...... 21 Nickel-Copper...... 21 Gold, Silver, Galena, Molybdenite, Sphalerite...... 21 Description of Properties, Occurrences and Prospects...... 22 Alator Occurrence...... 22 Anderson Occurrence...... 22 Frank Anderson Prospects...... 23 Andowan Mines Limited...... 23 Avenue Prospect...... 24 Begin Prospect...... 24 Copper Island Occurrence...... 24 Greenwater Prospect...... 25 Harkness Occurrence...... 25 The International Nickel Company of Canada Limited...... 25 Loch Erne Prospect...... 26 Monpre Prospect...... 26 Montco Prospect...... 27 Orolea Prospect ...... 27 Shewan Copper Mining Corporation Ltd. (Whalen Showing)...... 28 Ray Smith Occurrence...... 28 Upper Shebandowan Prospect...... 29 Vanguard Explorations Limited: Andowan Property...... 30 Selected References...... 31 Index...... 32

Tables 1 Chemical analysis of rhyolite...... 6 2 Chemical analyses of rock samples from Discovery Point, Lower Shebandowan Lake...... 11 3 Chemical analyses of peridotites...... 13 4 Chemical analyses of members of differentiated basic plutons...... 14

Photographs 1 Exposure showing acid fragments in a basic matrix...... 6 2 Vesiculur pillow lava, at the mouth of the Kashabowie River...... 7 3 Fine banding in greywacke of the Kashabowie Group...... 9 4 Boudinage in a massive sedimentary rock of the Kashabowie group...... 10

Figures 1 Key map showing location of Kashabowie area...... vi 2 Sketch map showing Peridotite, Discovery Point...... 12

Geological Maps (back pocket) Map 2127 (coloured) Greenwater Lake Sheet, Thunder Bay District, scale, l inch to Yi mile. Map 2128 (coloured) Kashabowie Sheet, Thunder Bay District, scale, l inch to Yi mile. ABSTRACT

The map-area is underlain by part of an extensive belt of Early Precambrian rocks that extends from the Lakehead to the west boundary of the District of Thunder Bay. Metavolcanics underlie a large part of the area and consist of acidic to basic varieties of flows and pyroclastics; some sedimentary rocks are included in this group. The Kashabowie Group of sedimentary rocks extends as a strip across the northern side of the metavolcanic group and is in faulted contact with it. A great variety of early basic to ultrabasic intrusive rocks, followed by widespread acidic intrusions, have invaded the older rock units.

v^s&V^.-•fe.-y. ^Maf 2127 jT feS Jil^^K&ab'eka FallsfSfV. ^^^S^^-j^^,

91- 90- 89' Figure 1 — Key map showing location of map-area.

The metavolcanics and metasediments have been greatly folded, faulted, and metamorphosed. The Postans, Crayfish Creek and Tinto Lake faults are well-defined structures along which considerable displacements have occurred. There has been exploration for nickel-copper, copper, iron, and gold deposits in the area. Platinum metals, cobalt, lead, zinc, silver, molyb denum, and talc have also been found. No mineral production has been recorded from the area but the North Coldstream mine, 4 miles west of the map sheet, has produced copper, gold, and silver, valued at close to 120,000,000 up to the end of 1964. Geology of Kashabowie Area District of Thunder Bay

By J. M. Hodgkinson 1

INTRODUCTION

During the summers of 1962 and 1963, Ontario Department of Mines field parties, led by the author, made a geological survey of an area bounded by Lat. 48C30©N and 48C42©N and by Long. 900 15©W and 90030©W. This is designated as the Kashabowie area. It lies about sixty miles west of the Lakehead in the Dis trict of Thunder Bay. The map-area includes Begin and Haines townships, and parts of Lamport and Hagey townships. Highway 11 passes through the nor thern part of the map-area where it closely follows the Canadian National rail way. Mineral exploration of the map-area started during the nineteenth century and has continued, with periods of quiescence, to the present. Several mineral occurrences have been found, chiefly with copper or nickel mineralization. No mine has produced in the map-area, but North Coldstream Mines Limited has operated a copper-gold-silver mine about four miles west of the map-area, at Burchell Lake, from 1960 to date. The mapping \vas performed by means of pace-and-compass traverses, run at approximately %-milo. intervals throughout most of the area. Geological data were plotted on transparent overlays on air photographs (scale, l inch to 14 mile), and subsequently were transferred to a basemap prepared by the Cart ographic Unit of the Ontario Department of Mines from maps of the Forest Resources Inventory, Ontario Department of Lands and Forests. The shoreline geology was examined on all of the large lakes. Outcrops along motor-roads and along much of the right-of-way of the hydro-electric power transmission lines were also examined. A preliminary geological map of the area (P. 223), accompanied by marginal notes, was published by the Ontario Department of Mines in 1964.

temporary staff geologist, Ontario Department of Mines, Resident Geologist©s office, Port Arthur, 1963-1964. Manuscript received by Chief Geologist, 18 May, 1965.

l Kashabowie Area

Acknowledgments. J. A. Sauerbrier and E. G. Bright acted as senior assistants in 1962 and 1963, and were responsible for a considerable part of the field map ping: K. G. Goff also performed some independent mapping. A. L. Barker, W. A. Kilfoyle, R. A. Morgan, and R. R. Robinson acted as junior assistants. Discussions with Dr. E. G. Pye, at that time Resident Geologist at Port Arthur, during and after the field season, and the assistance of his office staff, were of great help. Dr. Pye has also supplied the description of the Orolea Prospect in this report. Residents of the district were helpful and hospitable; particular thanks are due to Mr. and Mrs. Kivela of Kashabowie River Resort.

Means of Access. Kashabowie, with about 300 residents, is the only population centre in the map-area. It has a store, post office, and Canadian National Rail ways station on the Lakehead-Fort Frances line, and can be reached by road via Highway 11. Other residents of the map-area own tourist resorts on Kasha bowie Lake and Shebandowan Lake. During the summer months numerous private cottages on these lakes are occupied. Several unpaved roads lead from Highway 11 to Shebandowan Lake and to Kashabowie Lake. Greenwater Lake may be reached by two portages from Up per Shebandowan Lake; one is via Loch Erne, and the other is along Greenwater Creek. A third portage between these two is not in good condition. Several lakes are accessible by light float-equipped aircraft; these include Kashabowie Lake, Greenwater Lake, Shebandowan Lake, Loch Erne, Tinto Lake, and Pinecone Lake. Horseshoe Lake is shallow and may be used by aircraft only during the winter when they can land on the ice.

Previous Geological Work. Several government geologists made trips through the map-area during the nineteenth century and published accounts of the geology. The Huronian mine in Moss township, thirteen miles west of the map-area, was discovered by Peter McKellar in 1871. This was the first important gold discovery in northwestern Ontario; the mine was operated in 1884 and 1885. The old Daw son route to western Canada passed through the Shebandowan lakes and Kash abowie Lake. It was the route used by the early geologists who commented on the geology of the map-area. W. Mcinnes (1897) described the area in the annual report of the Geological Survey of Canada and prepared a map of Shebandowan Lake. Gold and iron deposits received most of the early attention from pros pectors. In the nineteen twenties reports by Cross (1920) and Watson (1928) were published and described a nickel-copper discovery in Southwest Bay, Lower Shebandowan Lake. T. L. Tanton, of the Geological Survey of Canada, made a geological survey of the Shebandowan area in 1928, 1929 and 1931; two map sheets (G.S.C. Maps 338A and 432A) were published in 1938; his work delimits the major rock-units and indicates that considerable mineral exploration had been done in the area. Interest in the mineral possibilities of the country was increased in 1936 when The International Nickel Company of Canada Limited purchased and drilled the nickel-copper deposit in the Southwest Bay of Lower Shebandowan Lake. In the 1950s the development west of the map-area at the Tip Top mine of Coldstream Copper Mines Limited (later North Coldstream Mines Limited), led to a revival of exploration of the Shebandowan area. In 1961 the Geological Branch of the Ontario Department of Mines com menced a program of systematic detailed remapping of the Shebandowan area. The first project to be completed was the Burchell Lake area by P. E. Giblin (1964). The present report covers the extension of the detailed mapping program eastward from the Burchell Lake area to the western part of Middle Sheban dowan Lake. The Atikokan-Lakehead sheet (O.D.M. Map 2065), published in 1965, is a compilation of geological information of the district and covers the area under discussion in this report.

Topography. The elevation of Shebandowan Lake is 1,474 feet above sea-level (Tanton 1938a). Few, if any, hills in the map-area rise 200 feet above this level. The height of land lies to the west just outside the map-area. Most of the lakes in the map-area drain into the Shebandowan River. The only exceptions are those in the southeast corner of the map-area which flow into the Matawin River. Both of these rivers feed the Kaministikwia River, which flows into Lake Superior. The Pleistocene glaciation has modified the topography of the area. Deeper erosion of the granite areas has led to their being poorly exposed and often the sites of lakes. The rocks of the Kashabowie Group and their associated granitic rocks to the north have very little relief, and are exposed as outcroppings that are elongated parallel to the regional strike and are separated by numerous swamps. The metavolcanics found in the map-area are well exposed in outcrops that are elongated parallel to the schistosity. More irregularly shaped outcrops gen erally are found within the areas underlain by the large basic intrusions. Many of these have steep-sided cliffs at their margins. Rock exposures are generally abundant, but glacial sands, gravels, and boulder clays locally obscure most of the bedrock geology. Overburden is par ticularly abundant over the granite at Greenwater Lake. Mature forest is not abundant and much timber has been cut within the last decade. The growth is mixed deciduous trees and conifers, except for the swamp areas where conifers predominate.

GENERAL GEOLOGY

The Atikokan-Lakehead sheet (O.D.M. Map 2065) shows the general geol ogy of the map-area and its relationship to the region. All the pre-Pleistocene rocks in the map-area are Precambrian in age. The area is divided geologically into two main parts by the Postans Fault and part of the Crayfish Creek Fault. No identical rock unit has been recognized on op posite sides of this dividing line and no age correlation is made across it. North of the faults the well-banded rocks of the Kashabowie Group extend across the map-area. A muscovite granite to the east and a biotite granite to the west have intruded or replaced the north part of the sedimentary rocks. The contacts, particularly those of the muscovite granite, are gradational and show lit par lit banding. Bands of muscovite granite pegmatite are also abundant. Kashabowie Area

TABLE OF FORMATIONS

CENOZOIC RECENT Swamp and stream deposits. PLEISTOCENE Sand, gravel, and boulder clay. Unconformity PRECAMBRIAN LATE BASIC INTRUSIVE ROCKS Diabase (dikes).

Intrusive Contact

ACID AND INTERiMEDIATE MINOR INTRUSIVE ROCKS Trachyandesite, trachyte porphyry; syenite; quartz porphyry and quartz-feldspar porphyry. GRANITIC PLUTONIC ROCKS Leucogranite; biotite granite; porphyritic biotite granite; hornblende granite; porphyritic hornblende granite; muscovite granite; mus covite granite pegmatite. SYENITIC PLUTONIC ROCKS Biotite syenite; porphyritic biotite syenite; hornblende syenite; por phyritic hornblende syenite.

Intrusive Contact

EARLY BASIC INTRUSIVE ROCKS Gabbro; porphyritic gabbro; anorthosite; differentiated basic pluton (gabbro, anorthosite, hornblendite); diorite; lamprophyre; perido tite; quartz amphibolite.

Intrusive Contact

KASHABOWIE GROUP Metasediments, well-banded biotite-feldspar-quartz schist; medium- grained and coarse-grained amphibolite; acid volcanic rocks; basic volcanic rocks, pillow lava.

Fault Contact

METAVOLCANICS Basic metavolcanics: Amphibolite and amphibolite schist; chlorite schist; poryphyritic basic flows; agglomerate; pillow lava; tuff, stratified tuff and basic sedi mentary rocks; quartzites and conglomerates (Windigokan type); iron formation. Acid metavolcanics: Rhyolite; sericite schist; dacite; porphyritic rhyolite; tuff and agglom erate; pillow lava. Bands of amphibolite occur within the Kashabowie Group, especially in the western part of the map-area. They vary from fine-grained to coarse-grained. At one location pillow structures are present. There is no evidence to show that these amphibolites are infolded metavolcanics. East of the Second Nar rows in Kashabowie Lake a wedge of acid volcanic rock is present. Graded beds are well exposed along the north shore of the long southern arm of Kashabowie Lake. They indicate that tops face south. In the adjoining area to the west, P. E. Giblin shows that tops face north, indicating isoclinal folding of the rocks of this group. The metavolcanics on the south side of the Postans Fault are part of a belt that extends from the west border of the District of Thunder Bay to the Lakehead. Within the map-area the metavolcanics are predominantly basic, but north of Shebandowan Lake acid volcanic rocks also are abundant. These rocks are mostly well-sheared. Iron formation and bedded tuff form a small part of this group. Several small areas of quartzite and conglomerate are exposed within the metavolcanics. Their relation to the metavolcanics has not been determined, but they are probably outliers of the material mapped farther east as Windigokan by Tanton (Map 338A). The early basic intrusive rocks are a varied group of basic and ultrabasic rocks that form sills, dikes, and small plutons in the metavolcanics. Granitic rocks also intrude the earlier formations, and in places make up plutons around which the metavolcanics and metasediments have been folded. Acid and intermediate dikes and sills are widespread in the metavolcanics but are rare within the Kashabowie Group. Many are parallel to the schistosity. The most common varieties are trachyte porphyry, syenite, and a well-sheared quartz-feldspar porphyry. Diabase dikes are found cutting the metavolcanics, the early basic intrusive rocks, and granitic rocks.

Metavolcanics The metavolcanics consist of altered acid and basic volcanic rocks that occupy most of the map-area south of the Postans Fault. These are part of a belt of metavolcanics that extend from Lake Superior to Quetico Park as shown on O.D.M. Map 2065. These rocks have previously been considered Keewatin in age (see G.S.C. Map 338A).

ACID METAVOLCANICS The acid metavolcanics consist of rhyolite, dacite, porphyritic rhyolite, tuff, agglomerate, and their altered equivalents. Sericite schist is common. Pillowed lavas are found in this rock unit in a few places. The greater part of the acid volcanic rocks are found between the Postans Fault and Upper Shebandowan Lake, where they are about equal to the basic metavolcanics in area of outcrop. Most of the bands are long and narrow; the regional schistosity is parallel to them. The greatest thickness is developed at Amp Lake where these rocks are exposed over a width of about 5,000 feet. Most of the acid metavolcanics weather white or to a light-cream colour. The fresh surfaces may be grey, green, pink, or light-cream. Kashabowie Area

O DM 8028 Photo l — Exposure showing acid fragments in a basic matrix. This occurs in the metavolcanic group on the north shore of Upper Shebandowan Lake, west side of headland, 3,000 feet west of the mouth of Kashabowie River. Agglomerate and tuff are abundant. These rocks are well exposed on the wave-washed outcrops along the shore of Middle Shebandowan Lake, southeast of Amp Lake. The fragments are elongated parallel to the schistosity. Their maximum size is about eight inches. Some of the rock mapped as rhyolite also may be agglomerate, because it is difficult to distinguish the fragments where the rock is poorly exposed. A fine-grained well-banded rock, probably similar to that which Giblin (1964, p. 7) suggests may be a recrystallized tuff, is found along the hydro electric power transmission line, on the west side of Kabaigon Bay. A chemical analysis of a sample taken from an outcrop along the H.E.P.C. transmission line on the west side of Kabaigon Bay, Middle Shebandowan Lake, that con firms that this rock is a rhyolite, is given in Table 1.

Chemical analysis of rhyolite. (Analysis by Laboratory Branch, Table 1 Ontario Dept. Mines) J62-3-1 J62-3-1 percent percent SiO 2 73 3 H.O + 2.06 A1 2O 3 10 7 H 2O- 0.12 Fe 2O 3 1 02 CO 2 1.02 FeO 3 23 TiO 2 0.37 MgO 1 00 P 20 6 0.04 CaO 1 14 S nil Na 2O 1 17 MnO 0.02 K 20 2.03 Total 97.2 ODM 8029 Photo 2 — Vesicular pillow lava, west end of island at the mouth of the Kashabowie River, Upper Shebandowan Lake.

Most of the rhyolite is partly schistose. The matrix of much of the agglo merate is sericite schist, and some of the rhyolite is completely altered to sericite schist. A partial analysis of the most acid rock at Discovery Point, Southwest Bay, Shebandowan Lake, indicated only 60 percent silica; the rock is therefore andesite in composition (see Table 2, sample 562-3-8, on p. 13). The andesite, which has a glassy lustre, has been included with the acid metavolcanics on the map because it makes up only a small part of the total outcrop area in the acid volcanic unit. Acid lava is generally viscous and therefore does not spread out in extensive sheets. Much of the acid metavolcanics in the map-area is found as relatively long and narrow pyroclastic bands that may be Pelean-type avalanche deposits. The great thickness of rhyolite at Amp Lake may mark the site of a former volcanic dome.

BASIC METAVOLCANICS

The basic metavolcanics are now predominantly amphibolite schists, with subordinate amounts of chlorite schist, tuff, agglomerate, and porphyritic lava. Pillow structures occur in some of the flows. A few outcrops of quartzite and conglomerate of Windigokan type are included with this rock unit on Map 2127 (back pocket). Kashabowie Area

The basic volcanic rocks are most abundant in the southern part of the report-area (see Map 2127). In general there is only a slight change in meta morphic grade across them. In the southeast they contain chlorite and pale amphibole, but to the north they are richer in hornblende. This generalization must be qualified by the fact that in the north there is more intrusive granite, which may have affected the metamorphic grade. For example, on the east shore of Greenwater Lake, hornblende schist is exposed; it probably results from the thermal effects of the large granite pluton to the west. Southeast of the Tinto Lake Fault, the amphibolites are distinctive because they are medium-grained and well crystallized, and have compositions indica tive of a higher grade of metamorphism than the rocks to the northwest. The granite is much more intimately mixed with these amphibolites than elsewhere in the map-area. The basic metavolcanics are generally greenish in colour. The darker greens correspond to the hornblende-rich varieties, and the paler grey- green corresponds to the chloritic varieties. Porphyritic fine-grained basic flows can be traced along-strike in some places. The extrusive nature of some of them is established by the preservation of well-developed pillow structures. Basic tuff and agglomerate are abundant rock types in the map-area. Some of the agglomerate contains pinkish intermediate fragments in a basic matrix. A typical exposure of this may be seen on the headland on Upper Shebandowan Lake about 3,000 feet west of the mouth of Kashabowie River (Photo 3). These rocks probably resulted from volcanism from centres where different magma types were extruded simultaneously. Pyrite is ubiquitous in the basic metavolcanics. The basic metavolcanics are a host rock for one of the types of copper mineralization in the map-area. At the Whalen showing, and on the Andowan property of Vanguard Explora tions Limited, sulphides are disseminated in zones within the sheared meta volcanics. Well-banded iron formation is present in many places among the meta volcanics. It is in bands up to 100 feet wide and 3,000 feet long.

Kashabowie Group

The Kashabowie Group is a sequence of rocks that strike across the map- area through the southern extremity of Kashabowie Lake. It was named Kashabowie Series by Perdue (1938) but is changed to Kashabowie Group in this report to conform with the Code of Stratigraphic Nomenclature (American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 1961). Rocks of this group were regarded by Tanton as Couchiching in age on Map 338A of the Geological Survey of Canada. The strike of the beds in the group follows a gentle sigmoidal curve. It is approximately N700E at the west end of the map-area; N850E in the central part; and N500E at the east end. Within the map-area the width of the band varies from about 3,000 feet at the middle to more than one mile at each end. Giblin (1964) shows that the width increases to four miles at a distance of ten miles west of the map-area. 8 ODM 8027

Photo 3 — Fine banding in greywacke of the Kashabowie Group, on the shore of Kashabowie Lake southeast of Gilt Lake. Graded bedding indicates tops south. Compass points north.

The sedimentary rocks of the Kashabowie Group are greywacke and sub ordinate arkose; they are altered to schist. These sedimentary rocks are well- bedded. The alteration is greatest toward the north. Bands of amphibolite are parallel to the sedimentary structure. A wedge of subvitreous rock, probably rhyodacite, is exposed on the shore of Kashabowie Lake about one thousand feet east of the Second Narrows. It may be an acid volcanic member of the group but this is uncertain because of complex faulting in the vicinity. The sediments are generally fine-grained feldspathic greywackes with local arkose bands. The beds are distinct and range from paper-thin to 3 feet wide. These features are best seen in the southern part of this rock unit because toward the north the rocks are more altered and all gradations from metasediments to granite can be found. Weathered surfaces of the greywacke and arkose are dark-blue-black to buff, reflecting their composition and grain size variation. The buff colour predomi nates, representing coarser greywacke and arkose. Where grain size cannot be seen clearly this colour change can be used to identify tops in graded beds. Good exposures are found along Kashabowie Lake, and it can clearly be deduced from graded bedding that tops face south. No well-developed crossbedding was ob served from which top determinations could be made. The bands of fine-grained and medium-grained amphibolite that are found within the Kashabowie Group are an integral, but minor part of it. One of the bands has pillow structures, and these prove the contemporaneity of formation of the volcanic material with the sediments. Kashabowie Area

O DM 8026

Photo 4 — Boudinage in a massive sedimentary rock of the Kashabowie Group, Kashabowie Lake, in bay northeast of Kashabowie village.

To the south, the rocks of the Kashabowie Group have been faulted against the metavolcanics, so that any age relation between these two groups is obscure. The northern boundary of the Kashabowie Group is arbitrarily defined on the map because the change to a predominantly granite area is gradational. The granites are probably partly metasomatic and partly intrusive in origin.

Early Basic Intrusive Rocks A complex group of basic and ultrabasic dikes and stocks intrude the meta volcanics. Regional metamorphism has affected these rocks, which are assumed to predate the granites. Several distinct rock types have been identified in the field, but relation ships between them are obscure. The larger masses are made up of gabbro, or are differentiated plutons consisting of gabbro, hornblendite, and anorthosite. Many of these rocks are altered to chlorite schist and are difficult to separate in map ping from the metavolcanics. The other rock types assigned to the early basic intrusive rocks are peridotite, porphyritic gabbro, quartz amphibolite, lampro phyre, and diorite. Gabbro The gabbro is the most widespread of the early basic intrusive rocks. It is present as stocks and dikes. These are elongated parallel to the regional schis tosity. Gabbro is commonly associated with the peridotite dikes but no evidence of transition from one rock to the other was observed. Grain size in the gabbro 10 varies from medium to coarse. The predominant minerals are plagioclase and amphibole; chlorite is commonly developed. In many places the chlorite pre dominates, and the rock is classified as a schist. Thin sections show that the gab bro has suffered retrograde metamorphism.

Peridotite

Peridotite is commonly associated with the gabbro. It has a rusty weathered surface, and in this way is similar to the late basic intrusive rocks. It is readily identified in the field, however, by the blue-green colour of its fresh surface. Peridotite is found at intervals throughout the metavolcanics, and is most abundant in the south part of the report-area (Map 2127), east of Greenwater Lake. It is considered to be of economic significance because it is the host rock of the nickel-copper deposits on the north side of the Crayfish Creek Fault at South- west Bay, Lower Shebandowan Lake. Older maps of this location (Watson 1928, plan facing p. 136) show the whole headland, which is called Discovery Point, to be peridotite. Closer inspection shows that peridotite is restricted to narrow dikes. Table 2 shows chemical analyses of five samples collected from the out crop at Discovery Point. The two basalts are representative of by far the most abundant rock type that is exposed on the headland. Figure 2 shows the approx imate location from which each of the samples was taken and the different rock types that were mapped at Discovery Point.

Chemical analyses of rock samples from Discovery Point, Lower Shebandowan Table 2 Lake. (Analyses by Laboratory Branch, Ontario Dept. Mines) S62-3-5 S62-3-6 S62-3-7 S62-3-8 S62-3-9 percent percent percent percent percent SiO-2 48.5 44.6 46.5 60.3 49.8 A1 20 3 11.9 12.8 13.4 17.5 14.8 Fe 20 3 2.23 2.14 2.77 1.25 4.13 FeO 9.72 11.88 10.07 2.52 8.27 MgO 9.88 10.1 7.85 1.48 5.70 CaO 9.88 9.83 11.12 5.44 11.38 Na 2O 1.77 1.62 2.19 5.02 2.05 K 2O 0.14 1.06 tr 0.48 0.46 H.O + 1.16 1.41 0.56 1.19 1.25 H 2O- 0.03 0.03 0.03 nil 0.03 C0 2 1.42 1.42 1.37 1.72 1.62 TiO 2 0.75 0.92 0.98 0.43 1.09 P 2O 6 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.19 0.08 S 0.52 nil 0.31 0.35 0.31 Mn 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.04 0.16 Total 98.1 97.0 97.4 97.9 101.1

Samples: S62-3-5. Fine-grained basalt. S62-3-6. Basic dike. S62-3-7. Fine-grained basalt. S62-3-8. Andesite with vitreous lustre. S62-3-9. Porphyritic gabbro. All samples from Discovery Point; locations shown on sketch map (Fig. 2).

11 Kashabowie Area

O.D.M. 3184 L

Figure 2—Sketch map showing peridotite, Discovery Point.

12 Sample No. S62-3-6 is the most basic of these rocks, and it contains nearly 10 percent more silica than any of the peridotites that were collected from other parts of the map area; chemical analyses of these peridotites are given in Table 3.

Chemical analyses of peridotites. (Analyses by C. Coats, Department of Table 3 Geology, University of Manitoba) J2-3 J12-1 J 64-4 J50-7 percent percent percent percent Si0 2 37.55 37.80 36.80 36.00 A1 2O 3 4.00 4.52 4.46 4.78 FeO* 14.56 13.50 15.00 12.93 MgO 31.48 31.48 31.64 29.96 CaO 2.70 1.96 1.82 4.54 NaO n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. K SO nil nil nil nil FUO + 7.48 10.00 8.22 8.80 CO, n.d. n.d. 0.51 0.69 TiO 2 0.650 0.476 0.334 0.348 CrzO 3 0.44 0.39 0.06 0.40 MnO 0.155 0.173 0.182 0.215 NiO 0.16 0.12 0.13 0.16 Total 99.18 100.42 99.15 98.83

*Total Fe calculated as FeO. Samples: J2-3. 100 feet from northwest shore of Greenwater Lake, approximately Long. 92028©\V. J12-1. South side of creek between Loch Erne and Greenwater Lake, 650 feet east of Greenwater lake. J64-4. 200 feet northwest of lakeshore of Horseshoe Lake, about 650 feet from southwest end of Lake. J50-7. At small falls on Harnden Creek, J^ mile upstream from Southwest Bay of Lower Shebandowan Lake.

Four peridotites (Table 3) were analyzed by the x-ray diffraction method. All of them have low silica contents, between 36 and 38 percent. These specimens were selected from widely separated locations. The similarity in their analyses is therefore interpreted as meaning that they are comagmatic and resulted from differentiation at depth. The peridotites have all suffered retrograde metamorphism. The dark- coloured minerals in them are chlorite and secondary amphibolite.

Differentiated Basic Phi tons

The hornblendite-hornblende gabbro-anorthosite assemblage of these plu- tons is restricted to the northern part of the metavolcanic group, into which they have been intruded. The largest exposure of this pluton occupies the area be tween the Crayfish Creek Fault and Middle Shebandowan Lake, at the east end of Upper Shebandowan Lake. At a few outcrops within this area a distinct band ing, typical of layered basic plutons, was observed. The banding is not sufficient ly abundant or well-exposed to indicate the structure of the mass. 13 Kashabowie Area

Several other outcrops of the hornblendite-gabbro-anorthosite assemblage were found within the map-area. Some were mapped at the west end of Upper Shebandowan Lake. In the eastern part of claim 71Z, south of the Crayfish Creek Fault, there is a porphyritic gabbro, having phenocrysts up to one inch in length. A dike thought to be a part of the differentiated basic pluton and composed chiefly of altered coarse-grained plagioclase, is found north of the Crayfish Creek Fault and south of the village of Kashabowie. Yardley (1947), who pre pared a detailed geological map of the Andowan property given on Map 2128 as "18. Vanguard Explorations Ltd." south of Kashabowie, identified albite in thin sections of this plagioclase rock that he called diorite. However, a chemical anal ysis of the rock No. S62-3-10 (Table 4) shows that it is closer to anorthositic gabbro in composition, despite the moderately high soda content. It seems likely that the albite identified by Yardley is secondary.

Chemical analyses of members of differentiated basic plutons. (Analyses by Table 4 Laboratory Branch, Ontario Department of Mines) S62-3-10 S62-3-2 S62-3-3 S62-3-4 percent percent percent percent Si0 2 47.9 46.2 46.6 47.9 A1 2O 3 22.1 28.1 20.8 8.0 Fe 2O 3 2.22 1.34 2.59 2.09 FeO 3.53 0.32 2.26 6.78 MgO 5.06 1.03 11.7 16.5 CaO 9.60 13.77 9.80 9.72 Na 2O 3.99 2.99 1.74 1.31 K SO trace 1.22 2.67 0.28 H2O + 2.61 0.87 2.02 1.94 H 2O- 0.03 nil nil 0.02 CO 2 1.78 1.22 1.36 1.96 TiO 2 0.41 0.21 0.19 0.29 P 20 5 0.02 trace trace trace S 0.01 nil nil nil MnO 0.04 0.03 0.11 0.17 Total 99.3 97.3 101.8 97.0

Samples: S62-3-10. Anorthositic gabbro from Vanguard Explorations Limited (Andowan Property) (approx. location Lat. 48038©40"N, Long. 90026©30"rW). S62-3-2. Anorthosite \ S62-3-4. Hornblende gabbro \ Shore of Upper Shebandowan Lake (Approx. location j,,, , . IT ,. j.. f Lat. 48037 40"N, Long. 90022©35"W.) S62-3-4. Hornblendite t

Three other analyses are shown in Table 4. These samples were collected from the differentiated basic intrusive body on the shore of Upper Shebandowan Lake approximately 500 feet north of the Crayfish Creek F"ault. All three anal yses are poor in PaOs and S. The low sulphur content may indicate that the chalcopyrite, which occurs in quartz veins in several places in these rocks, is not genetically related to these intrusions. 14 Lamprophyre, Quartz Amphibolite, and Diorite

A few small dikes of lamprophyre have been recognized. Biotite is the most prominent mineral in these dikes. The most accessible outcrop with lampro phyre dikes is at Shebamboo Point, Young Bay, Middle Shebandowan Lake. Quartz amphibolite is strongly sheared, rich in amphibole, and contains aggregates of blue quartz. Within the map-area its distribution is restricted to lens-shaped stocks within the metavolcanics. The lenses are elongated parallel to the regional schistosity. A small dike of diorite is found within the hornblende granite, one thousand feet southeast of Loch Macdougall. Its relationship to other rocks in the area remains obscure.

Granitic and Syenitic Plutonic Rocks

In this report the acidic plutonic rocks on either side of the Postans Fault are described separately. The relationship between these two units is obscure.

Granitic Rocks North of the Postans Fault

The granitic rocks north of the Kashabowie Group are of two main types and occupy two areas, one generally to the east and one to the west of Kasha bowie Lake. These are typified by muscovite granite and biotite granite res pectively. The muscovite granite to the east of Kashabowie Lake ranges from medium-grained to pegmatitic. It has a gradational contact with the Kasha bowie Group metasediments, lit-par-lit banding, and also has features that are strongly indicative of metasomatic replacement of the sedimentary rocks. There are many exposures of metasediments so completely altered as to appear granitic in texture, but still retaining evidence of sedimentary banding. The contact between the muscovite granite and the Kashabowie Group is arbitrarily placed on the map to separate the two units where the predominate rock type changes. Northward, within the muscovite granite, the bands of discernible sedimentary origin become less abundant. The pegmatite is generally massive, and the granite is chiefly gneissic with foliation parallel to the banding. Biotite granite predominates in the northwestern part of the map-area. No marginal phase of muscovite granite was noted between it and the Kasha bowie Group. This absence of muscovite granite here tends to confuse the relationship between the two main types of granite in the area. Two possible explanations might be considered: 1. The muscovite granite is a metasomatic front or border phase of the biotite granite. The latter may have reacted with the sedimentary rocks to become potash-rich, thereby permitting muscovite to de velop at the expense of biotite. 2. The granites are of different ages. The earlier muscovite granite resulted from metasomatism of the rocks of the Kashabowie Group; the biotite granite is a later pluton intruding the muscovite granite. 15 Kashabowie Area

Granites South of the Postans Fault

Hornblende and biotite granites with marginal syenitic and dioritic phases are exposed in outcrop south of the Postans Fault. The chief outcrop areas are at Greenwater Lake, Loch Erne (adjacent to the Tinto Lake Fault), and between Middle Shebandowan Lake and Southwest Bay of Lower Shebandowan Lake.

Greenwater Lake Granite.This pluton has the characteristics of a diapir granite. Its margin, within the map-area, follows approximately the arcuate shoreline of Greenwater Lake. This granite is poorly exposed, presumably because of a high susceptibility to erosion. The majority of the outcrops are biotite granite, but hornblende granite and hornblende syenite are exposed in the outcrops close to the margins of the pluton. Phenocrysts of feldspar are abundant in places. The rocks adjacent to the pluton are chiefly amphibolite of the meta- volcanic group. The facies change within the granite may be the result of mag matic assimilation. The Greenwater Lake granite is pale-pink, and generally has only a slight foliation parallel to its contacts. A vertical lineation is strongly developed in the amphibolites on the east side of Greenwater Lake. The lineation is produced by the parallel arrangement of prismatic hornblende crystals. The intensity of this structure rapidly decreases away from the margins of the granite so that it seems certain that the lineation results from the stresses that accompanied the emplacement of the granite. The displacement of the large-scale banding within the metavolcanics and associated intrusions is further evidence of the forceful intrusion of the Green water Lake granite.

The Loch Erne Granite. This granite is poorly exposed south of Loch Erne and along its north shore. It is a hornblende granite with porphyritic facies, but no biotite granite has been seen within its outcrop area.

Loch Macdougall Granite. This name is used to describe the granite exposed between Middle Shebandowan Lake and Lower Shebandowan Lake. Loch Macdougall lies at the west end of the granite mass. This granite is intersected by the southeast extension of the Crayfish Creek Fault. A small pod of granite south of Bowes Lake is probably a disrupted part of the main mass. The dis placement of this part is consistent (in both direction and amount) with that along the Crayfish Creek Fault at the west margin of the map-area. The out crop area of this granite extends eastward beyond the margin of the map-area. The areal extent of the biotite granite is much greater than that of the horn blende granite; the hornblende granite is found only in the southwest part of the Loch Macdougall granite.

Southern Granite. The southeast part of the map-area is separated from the rest of the area by the Tinto Lake Fault. A hornblende granite is the main rock exposed south of the fault. A small area of the same rock, containing por phyritic facies, is found on the north side of the fault southeast of Pinecone Lake. 16 This hornblende granite is similar in lithology to those described above, although a dioritic phase is seen in a well-exposed cliff at the east end of Pine- cone Lake. This variation is probably a consequence of the intimate admixture of amphibolite and granite as seen by the interbanding of the two rock types southeast of Pinecone Lake.

Acid and Intermediate Minor Intrusive Rocks

These rocks are present as dikes and small plutons that are mostly elon gated parallel to the local schistosity. Thus, they contrast greatly with the diapiric Greenwater Lake granite. Some of these dikes cut across the schistosity of the metavolcanics. North of the Postans Fault only two narrow dikes of acid material were seen during the survey. Both rock types are feldspar-rich, medium-grained, and massive. They are unlike any dikes found south of the Postans Fault, and are younger than the granites that intrude the Kashabowie Group. Fine-grained and medium-grained acid and intermediate rocks are much more abundant south of the Postans Fault. They are also quite varied in com position and appearance. Two chief types have been separated on the maps accompanying this report.

Trachyandesite, Trachyte and Syenite

These rocks are found mainly around the north and northeast sides of Greenwater Lake. On the headland north of Shelter Island a trachyte is found in contact with hornblende granite. The granite is considered to be the older rock. The trachyte is typically a fine-grained to medium-grained rock, with a green and pink mottled colour; it is dark on the fresh surface, but light-pink on the weathered surface. Phenocrysts of pink feldspar are abundant in some members of this group. They may be seen in the cliffs overlooking the bay on Greenwater Lake south of the entrance to Greenwater Creek. With increasing grain size the rock be comes a syenite that is generally greenish-coloured, with white to grey feldspar. Trachyandesite is distinguished from the metavolcanics by only two subtle features. It has a slightly more massive texture, and a faint pinkish tinge that, in some cases, is visible only on fresh surfaces. Field evidence strongly indicates that a comagmatic series exists between the trachyandesite, trachyte, and syenite. A thin section of a trachyte, collected from about 3,000 feet west of Fraser Lake, shows that the minerals are partly altered. Microcline occurs in laths that are arranged radially and resemble spherulites. The groundmass is com posed of laths of feldspar with irregular grains of epidote, amphibole (uralite), and pyrite. 17 Kashabowie Area

Quartz Porphyry and Quartz-Feldspar Porphyry

The second group of acid dikes are porphyries that contain phenocrysts of quartz or quartz and feldspar. They intrude the metavolcanics and the early basic intrusive rocks. Their age relations to the granites are not well established. These porphyries are easily identified in the field because of their phenocrysts, and are easily traced along the strike.

Late Basic Intrusive Rocks

Dike rocks of this type are usually classified as Keweenawan in age, be cause they are younger than the granites. These rocks are locally called dia base although not all of them exhibit diabasic texture. They have been affected by alteration, and some specimens are greatly decomposed, but they do not show signs of regional metamorphism. A thin section of a dike cutting the granite on the west side of the narrows between Middle and Upper Shebandowan lakes leading to the bay north of Loch Smith was examined under the microscope. The rock contains plagioclase, biotite partly altered to chlorite, carbonate, magnetite, and possibly ilmenite. The texture is subophitic. The plagioclase was identified as labradorite by the extinction angles of twinned sections. The rock is strongly altered; Giblin (1964) reports that similar rocks from the Burchell Lake Area are only slightly altered.

Pleistocene

Glaciation has been an important factor in developing the present topo graphic features of the map-area. The low-lying parts of the area coincide with the distribution of granitic rocks and sheared zones. The granite has been eroded because of its jointed nature; the sheared zones are lines of weakness and easy erosion. Many of the topographic depressions are covered with glacial deposits of sand, gravel, and boulder clay. The sand and gravel have economic value in relation to the future construction of roads in the area. Glacial striae are common on rock outcrops. The dominant direction of striae is S35 0W; one outcrop north of Horseshoe Lake shows a direction of S100E.

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

Folding

Faulting has broken the area into several units. The Postans Fault appears to be the greatest dislocation in the map-area; because it separates the Kasha bowie Group from the metavolcanic group, the folding of these two map rock- units is discussed separately. 18 Folding of the Kashabowie Group

North of the Postans Fault well-banded metasediments strike across the map-area at approximately N700E. This direction is subparallel to the Postans Fault. Graded bedding is well displayed in outcrops of these rocks on the north shore of Kashabowie Lake. Perdue (1938) described some of these outcrops, and the present work confirms his statement that tops of the beds face south. A pillow lava within the metasediments, about 1,000 feet north of Crayfish Creek, also indicates that tops face south. About three miles west of the map-area, Giblin (1964, p. 19) reported tops face north in the metasediments at their contact with the metavolcanics. These outcrops are on a line-of-strike that passes north of the pillow lava found 1,000 feet north of Crayfish Creek. Dips are steep within the Kashabowie Group and therefore the presence of isoclinal folds and an anticlinal axis is implied by these top determinations. Top determinations were not made in the northern part of the Kashabowie Group, where the rocks are much altered, so that further structural detail is not known. Granite and pegmatite become increasingly abundant toward the north. This indicates that the centre of the granitization \vas north of the map-area.

Folding of the Metavolcanic Group

The metavolcanic rocks have been folded, faulted, sheared, and intruded by rocks having compositions ranging from acid to ultrabasic. The regional strike of the banding and the schistosity is about N650E, with local variations around the margins of the plutons. A few top determinations have been made in the north part of the metavolcanics. All indicate tops face south.

Faulting

Several faults have been recognized in the field. Many other lineaments are seen on air photographs and some of these are assumed to be faults.

Postans Fault

This fault extends from a small lake north of Kabaigon Lake, at the east margin of the map-area, to the mouth of Crayfish Creek, where it terminates against the Crayfish Creek Fault. Small crossfaults appear to disrupt it at the Second Narrows, Kashabowie Lake, and at Little Kabaigon Lake. The main fault is a well-defined lineament on air photographs; it is marked by a depres sion in the ground. 19 Kashabowie Area

Banding in the rocks of the Kashabowie Group and the metavolcanics is truncated by the fault. Between East Divide Lake and Postans Lake the rock- units of the metavolcanic group are cut off by the fault. The beds in the Kasha bowie Group are subparallel to the Postans Fault along its entire length within the map-area. Perdue (1938) first recognized the Postans Fault in the area around the mouth of Crayfish Creek and Kashabowie Lake. He suggested that it may extend many miles east and west. Giblin (1964, p. 21) confirmed its extension to the west.

Crayfish Creek Fault

Perdue (1938) presents evidence for this fault in the west part of the map- area. Well-defined lineaments on the air photographs indicate that the fault bifurcates and extends to Upper Shebandowan Lake. One branch of the fault appears to continue across Upper Shebandowan Lake and from there to South- west Bay, Middle Shebandowan Lake, at the east border of the map-area. Field mapping shows that this fault displaces the Postans Fault, an anor thosite dike, and the southern part of the Loch Macdougall granite in a right- hand sense, that is, the north side moved east. The horizontal displacement along the fault is about 13/2 miles.

Tinto Lake Fault

This fault cuts across the southeast corner of the map-area. A steep escarp ment, up to 80 feet high, faces southeast along much of the fault. Toward the east margin of the map-area the fault appears to swing northeasterly and there by becomes parallel to many of the smaller faults in the map-area.

Other Faults

Many other faults either indicated or assumed, are shown on the accompany ing maps (2127 and 2128). In most cases the displacement along them are unknown. Near the northwestern side of Greenwater Lake there is a strong fault that strikes north-northeast. It may extend for a long distance to the southwest as shown on the Atikokan-Lakehead sheet (Map 2065) of the Ontario Department of Mines.

ECONOMIC GEOLOGY

Early workers prospected the map-area for gold and iron ore. Recent interest has been directed more to the base metals, especially nickel and cop per. There is no record of mineral production from the area although several showings of considerable interest have been explored on the surface and by diamond-drilling. The mine of North Coldstream Mines Limited, 4 miles west of the map-area, from 1958 to the end of 1964, yielded copper, gold, and silver valued at 619,742,120. 20 Copper

Some copper is associated with nickel and is discussed under the heading Nickel-Copper. This section of the report considers the copper occurrences other than those of nickel-copper type. Copper occurs as chalcopyrite in both veins, and replacement lenses in the map-area. Very small amounts of gold and silver occur with most of the copper mineralization. Most of the copper-bearing veins are in the differentiated basic rocks near Upper Shebandowan Lake, at such places as Copper Island, Anderson Island, Boyes Island, and certain locations northeast of Loch Smith. The most important replacement bodies discovered to date are at the Andowan property of Vanguard Explorations Limited, the Ray Smith property, and the Whalen showing. Each of these properties is north of the Shebandowan lakes and within two miles of the differentiated basic plutonic rocks. In a small pit about 30 feet west of the main pit on the Whalen showing, chalcopyrite occurs in a quartz vein that cuts the replacement body.

Nickel-Copper

Nickel-copper mineralization has been discovered along the southeast part of the Crayfish Creek Fault, at Discovery Point in Southwest Bay of Lower Shebandowan Lake, and near Loch Smith. The occurrence at Southwest Bay contains some gold, silver, cobalt, and platinum metals. Low nickel-copper values have been reported close to the location of the Crayfish Creek Fault southeast of Loch Smith on the Alator occurrence (see p. 22).

Gold, Silver, Galena, Molybdenite, and Sphalerite

Gold, silver, galena, molybdenite and sphalerite are found within the map- area, but only in small quantities. They are found either in quartz veins, or associated with the copper mineralization. A few locations as described by Watson are quoted here, and others are included in "Description of Properties, Occurrences, and Prospects".

ISLAND ON NORTH SHORE OF MIDDLE SHEBANDOWAN LAKE On the south side of the small island opposite [former claim] T.B.4,777, [2,000 feet northeast of Middle Gap, Middle Shebandowan Lake] a quartz vein from 6 to 12 inches wide cuts through porphyry. The north side of the island is sheared rhyolites, and the south side is a later porphyry. Gold and silver have been reported from this vein. Some specimens collected show a small amount of molybdenite with pyrite. A channel sample was taken across 9 feet. This contained a trace of gold and silver, no copper or nickel, and no tellurides. (Watson 1928, p. 149).

EAST SHORE OF MARTIN BAY, MIDDLE SHEBANDOWAN LAKE On [former claim] W.T.8, on the east side of Martin Bay, a fine-looking quartz vein, ranging in width from 6 to 14 inches, cuts the granite at a very flat angle with a dip to the north. A short tunnel was driven here years ago. The granite around the vein is sheared and shattered. The vein contains molybdenite, galena, chalcopyrite, and pyrite. A picked sample of the vein matter contained S7.20 gold, 3.3 ounces silver, 0. 52 per cent, copper, no nickel, lead or tellurium. 21 Kashabowie Area

A sample of the surrounding granite for about 3 feet contained 40 cents gold, a trace of silver, 0.08 per cent, copper, and a trace of nickel. This sample was taken to show the spread of minera lization in the shattered rock surrounding the vein. (Watson 1928, p. 149).

[FORMER] CLAIMS B.J.104 and BJ.105, SOUTH OF DISCOVERY BAY On the gold prospect on the claim line between [former claim] B.J. 104 and 105, a vein of rather glassy-looking quartz cuts along the strike of the schist, which is here about N15 0E. The dip appears vertical. The schist is of the acid type, probably derived from a rhyolite or some other acid rock. The schist is penetrated by the large vein and also by a number of smaller stringers. A picked sample which showed a good mineralization contained a trace of gold and 3.44 ounces ot silver. (Watson 1928, p. 149 and plan facing p. 136).

The latter occurrence is on the property of The International Nickel Com pany of Canada Limited.

Description of Properties, Occurrences, and Prospects

Many occurrences have been explored in the map-area. Information con cerning much of the recent work is on file in the O.D.M. Resident Geologist©s office at Port Arthur. These files are the source of most of the information provided below.

ALATOR OCCURRENCE

In 1956 Alator Corporation completed four diamond drillholes totalling 1,671 feet, on claims TB74441, TB75281, and TB75447. These claims were be tween Loch Smith and Bowes Lake in Haines township. Consolidated Callinan Flin-Flon Mines Limited owned this group in 1957 and performed a detailed geological survey and an electromagnetic survey. A large banded basic pluton, made up largely of gabbro and anorthosite, occupies the northeast part of this occurrence. It is separated from the metavol canics and their associated intrusive rocks by the southeast extension of the Crayfish Creek Fault, which has a right-hand horizontal displacement of about two miles. This fault extends into the property of The International Nickel Com pany of Canada Limited, immediately south of Discovery Point in Southwest Bay, Lower Shebandowan Lake. Small amounts of chalcopyrite and nickeliferous pyrrhotite are reported to be present along the fault zone. Quartz veins, pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopy rite were found elsewhere in the basic and ultrabasic rocks. An electromagnetic anomaly was found at the east end of Loch Smith.

ANDERSON OCCURRENCE

In July 1950 two diamond-drillholes totalling 1,302 feet were drilled on claim TB40563, which at that time lay immediately west of patented claim K56 (southwest of the village of Kashabowie). The logs are available in the O.D.M. 22 Resident Geologist©s office, Port Arthur. According to these logs, one hole, drilled N250W at 60 degrees, intersected 51.2 feet of silicified metavolcanics containing pyrite and chalcopyrite; the other hole, drilled S200E at 45 degrees, cut 32 feet of similar material. A surface plan, showing the locations of the drillholes, does not accompany the logs. In 1952 this occurrence was held by C. E Anderson. In 1962 the occurrence was held by Francis E. Anderson when two diamond- drillholes, totalling 410 feet, were bored on claims TB103394 and TB103395. No mineralization is mentioned in the core logs. These claims represent the restak- ing of claim TB40563.

FRANK ANDERSON PROSPECTS

In 1950 Frank Anderson did work on two groups of claims. One group is in Hagey township and the other group is west of Haines township. The total diamond-drilling by Anderson for the 2 groups in 1950 was 6 holes totalling 652 feet. Four of the holes were on claim TB40058 (Hagey twp.), and 2 of the holes were on claim TB39174 (west of Haines twp.). All 6 drillholes intersected metavolcanics, interrupted in places by narrow porphyry dikes, but no mineralization of any economic importance was discov ered. The claim west of Haines township is part of a group situated south of the mouth of Crayfish Creek. Two claims of this group, TB39174 (mentioned above) and TB39175, are patented. These patented claims are situated where the two sections of Crayfish Creek Fault are joined together.

ANDOWAN MINES LIMITED

In 1964 Andowan Mines Limited owned several groups of claims in the map- area. The largest group of claims is south of Loch Erne. Work was done on 14 claims in that area, 5 of which are patented (TB22220, TB22221, TB22222, TB22224, and TB25894). The mineralization found on some of these claims is as follows: TB22220 Pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sylvanite (Au, Ag)Te2. TB22222 Gold in quartz. TB22224 Low-grade and very small iron formation. TB77234 Copper at the site of a magnetic anomaly. A core log is on file at the O.D.M. Resident Geologist©s office for a 454-foot diamond-drillhole on claim TB32046, which is on Harnden Creek close to South- west Bay, Lower Shebandowan Lake. No mineralization is reported. Andowan Mines Ltd. also held patented claims TB24438 and TB24440. Claim TB24440 corresponds in part to old location X524 known as Lake Sheban dowan mine. Between August 1900 and February 1902 an adit (212 feet long) was driven on claim X524 in the southeast corner of Upper Shebandowan Lake, apparently in the search for gold (Carter 1901, p.108) (Carter 1902, p.238, 239). It was found that gold values were too low to warrant further work. The adit 23 Kashabowie Area followed a fault plane, along parts of which a quartz vein is found; the fault strikes due east and dips 800 south. The author©s field party was unable to find this adit. Mining locations K56 and 71Z formerly belonged to this company but were later acquired by Vanguard Explorations Limited (See p. 30).

AVENUE PROSPECT

During 1958 and 1959, 198 claims were staked for the Avenue Syndicate at the intersection of Begin, Hagey, Lamport and Haines townships. An electro magnetic survey indicated several anomalies. Geological maps of these claims wrere prepared in 1960. Metavolcanics, and basic and ultrabasic intrusive rocks are the chief rock types. Hand specimens of the ultrabasic rocks appear similar to the peridotites at Southwest Bay where The International Nickel Company of Canada Limited owns a nickel-copper deposit. Chibougamau Jaculet Mines Limited held an option on the claims in 1960 and performed a magnetometer survey and an electromagnetic survey over the previously discovered magnetic anomalies. The three strongest electromag netic anomalies were investigated by diamond-drillholes. Graphite schist was encountered in each hole and the anomalies were attributed to this rock. The conclusion reached by officials of the exploration company was that all the other anomalies found on the claims were caused by similar graphite schist zones.

BEGIN PROSPECT

In 1953, subsequent to the publication by Ontario Department of Mines of 12 aeromagnetic maps of the Shebandowan Lakes region, 11 claims were staked by Dominion Gulf Company in Begin township within } 2 mile of the southern extremity of Greenwater Lake. O.D.M. Aeromagnetic Map No. l covers the general area of this prospect. The company made a detailed geological survey and a ground magnetometer survey. The northern half of the claim group is covered by overburden; the outcrops in the remainder are amphibolites of the metavolcanic group, with a few granite dikes, quartz veins, and bands of magnetite-rich iron formation. Part of the main magnetic anomaly found on the claims coincides with the iron formation where it is well exposed, indicating that the iron formation is responsible for the complete anomaly. The extent and thickness of the iron formation are not known.

COPPER ISLAND OCCURRENCE

This occurrence was staked early in 1956 and consisted of 63 claims that were held by Jellicoe Mines (1939) Ltd. 1 near the west end of LTpper Shebando wan Lake. ©Name changed October 1963 to Jelex Mines Ltd. 24 A detailed geological map was prepared in October and November, 1956. A self-potential survey was performed over the land-area and some parts of the claims were checked by an electromagnetic survey. The chief exploration interest centred on the islands on which are exposed a complex of gabbroic and anorthositic intrusive rocks and small amounts of metavolcanics. The complexity is increased by numerous faults and sheared zones. Chalcopyrite mineralization is widespread in the gabbro and appears to be related to northeasterly-trending shear zones, which are rusty and contain quartz. Samples containing 5.1 percent copper over 3 feet, and 3.9 percent cop per over 12.5 feet were reported by the company. The main showings are on Copper Island, which is the largest of the group of islands within the map-area.

GREENWATER PROSPECT This prospect as held by Dominion Gulf Company consisted of thirteen claims that were staked in 1953. It is on the north shore of Greenwater Lake, south of Greenwater Creek. A detailed geological map and a ground magneto meter survey were made by Dominion Gulf Company. The claim group was just north of the large circular body of biotite-horn- blende granite, the margins of wrhich follow the shoreline of Greenwater Lake. The main rocks exposed on claims are metavolcanics, with narrow lenses of iron formation and intrusions of gabbro and peridotite. All magnetic anomalies have been explained as resulting from the magnetite- bearing basic and ultrabasic rocks or from the iron formation. The only sulphides found are disseminated pyrite at the margins of a peridotite mass, and local dis seminated pyrite in the iron formation. Pyrite in shear zones has also been found in four different locations. The iron formation bands range from 4 to 30 feet in width and are reported to contain up to 25 percent magnetite.

HARKNESS OCCURRENCE Six diamond-drillholes, totalling 1,486 feet, were drilled in 1949 and 1950 on claims TB38172, TB38174, TB38178, and TB38179 all held by J. D. Hark ness. These are along Three Mile Bay of Upper Shebandowan Lake. The core logs, which are available at the O.D.M. Resident Geologist©s office, do not indicate the exact sites of the holes. One hole, drilled N100W at 400 on claim TB38172, intersected a graphitic sheared zone in greenstone, mineralized with some pyrite and chalcopyrite. A 6-inch core sample from the sheared zone is reported in the logs to have assayed S0.60 gold per ton (gold at S35.00 per ounce).

THE INTERNATIONAL NICKEL COMPANY OF CANADA LIMITED This company owns a group of claims along the Crayfish Creek Fault at Southwest Bay, Lower Shebandowan Lake. These contain a nickel-copper- platinum-cobalt metals occurrence that has been described by Cross (1920),. Watson (1928), and Thomson et al (1957). Thomson et al (1957, p. 51) gives the following information on the mineral deposit: 25 Kashabowie Area

Development. Trenching and test-pitting; considerable diamond-drilling in 1936 by the Inter national Nickel Company of Canada, Limited; further diamond-drilling in 1951 and 1952; geophysical surveys. Geology. The ore zone occurs in sheared peridotite, which has been traced for about 4,000 feet along the strike. This zone attains widths up to 100 feet, and contains sulphide replacement lenses 800-1,600 feet in length. Ore widths range from 5 to 10 feet; the largest orebody lies under the lake. The ore contains pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and polydymite in massive and dis seminated form.

It is reported that drilling on the property was resumed early in 1965 (The Northern Miner, 18 Feb. 1965, p. 123).

LOCH ERNE PROSPECT

In 1956 Goldale Mines Ltd. 1 held 23 claims situated south of the eastern half of Loch Erne, and two groups (one of 18 claims, the other of 36 claims) that were staked to cover the extension of any possible discovery on the original 23 claims. The claims are underlain by metavolcanics, and also by acid, basic, and ultrabasic intrusive rocks. The claims were staked in 1956 over anomalies shown on the Ontario Department of Mines Aeromagnetic Map No. l (Kasha bowie) . A ground magnetometer survey confirmed the original anomalies on Loch Muick and Loch Conklin, and indicated several others. Drilling was carried out on the original anomalies and on two of the newly discovered ones. Three diamond-drillholes were completed west of Loch Muick on claims TB77856 and TB77860; three others failed to penetrate the overburden. Peridotite was intersected in each completed hole. Magnetite and minor sul phide mineralization was detected in the core, but no commercial quantities were found. Peridotite is not exposed in outcrops in this area. Two diamond-drillholes were drilled on claim TB77862 south of an outcrop of peridotite along the shore of Loch Muick. The contact of the peridotite must dip steeply because a vertical drillhole close to the contact reached a depth of 220 feet before intersecting peridotite. The third anomaly, tested by 4 diamond-drillholes, is between Loch Muick and Loch Conklin on claim TB77859. Peridotite and sheared peridotite were encountered in three of these holes. Copper-bearing sulphides were found in the sheared peridotite and the adjacent greenstones, but this mineralization is sporadic. The above-mentioned drilling, which totals 4,018 feet, was performed prior to April 1957.

MONPRE PROSPECT

Monpre Mining Company Ltd. staked a group of claims in the vicinity of Otto Lake in 1958 following an airborne geophysical survey and a ground electromagnetic survey. The claim group crossed the boundary between Begin and Lamport townships.

©Renamed Sept. 1962, Goldale Ltd. (Further renamed June 1965, Canadian Goldale Corp. Ltd. Ed.). 26 The claims covered an area underlain by metavolcanic rocks. Three dia mond-drillholes were completed, and all intersected these metavolcanic rocks and graphite schist. Anorthosite was intersected in one hole. Peridotite and iron formation are exposed in this general area. Very low nickel values, and traces of gold found in the cores from the drillholes, were reported in The Northern Miner, 10 March 1960.

MONTCO PROSPECT

In 1956 an electromagnetic survey and a self-potential survey were con ducted on claims held by Montco Copper Corporation Limited, two miles southwest of Kashabowie. The electromagnetic survey revealed a conductor zone along the line of the lake on this property. Diamond-drillcores from this area contain graphite schist and pyrite which probably caused the anomaly. The self-potential survey east of the lake revealed several anomalies. This area contains two diamond-drillholes that existed prior to the self-potential survey; core logs show that they intersected andesite and basalt with only minor pyrite. No further work by this company in this area is recorded in the Port Arthur files. During 1962 and 1963 portions of the same area were restaked but no results of the work done are available.

OROLEA PROSPECT*

In 1952 Orolea Mines Limited acquired, from the Cobaltite Syndicate, a group of 59 claims, along the boundary between Haines and Begin townships, west of Lower Shebandowan Lake. These claims were first investigated by a ground magnetometer survey to find bodies of magnetic peridotite, and later by a spontaneous-polarization survey to find bodies of metallic sulphides. In the course of the geophysical surveys two discoveries were made: (1) a small outcrop of rhyolite (not shown on accompanying maps) containing iron sul phides, about 500 feet east of the small pond found along the township-boundary line, about l mile east of Harnden Lake; and (2) a prospector©s pit at a point 150 feet west of the pond. Grab samples from the rhyolite and the pit were found to contain no gold and only traces of silver and cobalt, but yielded low values in copper and nickel and up to 0.03 ounces per ton platinum (O.D.M. File 63.344). In the spontaneous-polarization survey, a strong anomaly was found to extend from the vicinity of the rhyolite outcrop for about 2,000 feet to the east- northeast, along the north side of a body of peridotite (see Map 2127 in back pocket). In September 1952, this anomaly was tested by 6 diamond-drillholes, totalling 2,926.5 feet. According to the drillhole logs, the holes intersected metavolcanics, mainly tuffs, interrupted in a few places by zones of graphitic schist. The metavolcanics and graphitic schist are mineralized sporadically with pyrite and a little pyrrhotite and are cut by a few narrow veins and stringers

©Prepared in 1965 by E. G. Pye, Resident Geologist, Ontario Department of Mines, Port Arthur. 27 Kashabowie Area

of quartz. Only low values in silver and platinum were found. Five of the 6 holes bottomed in peridotite without intersecting any bodies of copper and nickel sulphides. In addition to the 6 holes drilled to test the anomaly east of the small pond, additional diamond-drillholes were bored to test other anomalies found elsewhere on the property. Nothing of economic importance was discovered.

SHEWAN COPPER MINING CORP. LTD. (WHALEN SHOWING)

The Whalen showing was held in 1963 by She wan Copper Mining Corp. Ltd. It is well exposed on the north shore of Upper Shebandowan Lake, about one mile west of the narrows to Middle Shebandowan Lake. The showing con sists of a series of lenses of sulphide mineralization in basic schist, intermittently exposed over a length of 600 feet, parallel to the strike (N800E) of the schistosity. The main pit has been sunk to a depth of about 20 feet at the lakeshore. A zone of mineralized chlorite schist, with bands of sericite schist toward the south side, is exposed across a width of about 35 feet within the pit. Finely disseminated pyrite occurs throughout the zone, and increases in amount and contains some massive chalcopyrite in a band about six feet wide toward the north side of the pit. Slickensides in the pit occur on a fracture that strikes N300E and dips 75 0SE. The slickensides dip 50NE in the fault plane and indicate a left-hand movement. This movement is similar to that which has displaced the marker band of anorthosite along the faults at the east and west ends of Three Mile Bay. Other small pits have been sunk along a line extending about 600 feet from the shore of LTpper Shebandowan Lake in the direction N800E. This property was part of the area examined by Upper Shebandowan Mines Limited. North Coldstream Mines Limited held an option on it in 1963.

RAY SMITH OCCURRENCE

In 1963 Ray Smith held 16 unpatented claims situated between Postans Lake and Kabaigon Bay. Highway 11 passes through the northern part of the occurrence; the Postans Fault is north of the highway. Metavolcanics and younger intrusive rocks are exposed in the southern part of the occurrence. Several companies have held options on these and adjoining claims. R. Smith drilled 16 holes, totalling 1,910 feet, in 1954 and 1955. The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada Limited optioned the claims later in 1955 and reported the following assay values over 7.0 feet at surface: trace of gold; 0.48 ounces per ton of silver; 0.55 percent copper; 1.68 percent zinc. The sample is from a showing along the south side of Highway 11 opposite East Divide Lake. A ground electromagnetic survey of the area around the showing indicated a conductor zone beneath the lake. Five diamond-drillholes, totalling 1,324 feet, were drilled to intersect the conductor zone, and samples from these holes assayed lower than those from the surface. A shear zone, believed to be a continuation of the surface showing, was encountered in the drilling but the mineralization within it appears to be of little or no value. 28 Romar Mines Limited held an option on these claims during the summer of 1957. A magnetometer survey and a self-potential survey were carried out and drilling was recommended in order to investigate several anomalies which were found. However, no further work, by this company, has been recorded at the O.D.M. Resident Geologist©s office, Port Arthur. Two diamond-drillholes were drilled in September 1959, totalling 550 feet, to test self-potential anomalies discovered by Romar Mines Limited. One hole was drilled north, under Highway 11, near the east end of Postans Lake. It is reported in the drillhole log that 384 feet of sericite schist, with pyrite, graphite, and quartz stringers, was intersected. The second drillhole was collared on claim TB76141, 400 feet north of the small lake found about ^ mile south of East Divide Lake. It intersected 144 feet of greenstone, mineralized with a little pyrite and cut at intervals by thin quartz stringers. Nothing of commercial importance was indicated. Realm Mining Corporation Limited held an option on the Ray Smith occurrence in the early part of 1960. Six diamond-drillholes were bored on claim TB76141 to test a quartz-vein zone in greenstone about 1,200 feet south of East Divide Lake. The vein zone strikes N550-600W. According to The Northern Miner (4 August 1960), the drillholes tested the zone over a length of 200 feet and indicated a grade of 1.38 ounces of gold per ton across an average width of 4.1 feet. The best intersection is reported to have assayed 2.00 ounces of gold per ton over a true width of 5.1 feet (The Northern Miner, 18 Feb. 1960.) Tabor Lake Gold Mines Limited optioned the claims later in 1960 and submitted the logs of 12 diamond-drillholes, totalling 2,312 feet, to the Ontario Department of Mines for assessment work credit. The logs indicate that a total of 9 holes were drilled to test the vein zone on claim TB76141 south of East Divide Lake. The mineralized zone was tested over a length of 325 feet. Ac cording to drillhole logs filed in the O.D.M. Resident Geologist©s office, Port Arthur, the zone is made up of metavolcanics, possibly tuffs, cut by quartz stringers and mineralized with iron sulphides and a little chalcopyrite and sphalerite. The best intersection, with a core length of 2 ft. 4 in. was found to contain: gold, 0.47 ounces per ton; copper, 0.38 percent; zinc, 0.44 percent.

UPPER SHEBANDOWAN PROSPECT

Upper Shebandowan Mines Ltd. 1 in 1956 and 1957 held a group of 44 claims at the eastern part of Upper Shebandowan Lake. The result of an electromagnetic survey, and the logs of 10 diamond-drill holes, drilled in 1957 and totalling 3,113 feet, are available at the O.D.M. Resident Geologist©s office, Port Arthur. Pyrite, chalcopyrite, quartz zones, and graphite are reported in the core logs. The area explored included the Whalen showing of Shewan Copper Mining Corp. Ltd. (see page 28) and other small showings around the lake. Renamed in 1960, Primary Gold Mines Ltd. 29 Kashabowie Area

VANGUARD EXPLORATIONS LIMITED: ANDOWAN PROPERTY

In 1965 Vanguard Explorations Ltd. held the copper-zinc-gold-silver pros pect known as the Andowan property that was held in 1955 by Bandowan Mines Limited and earlier by Andowan Mines Limited. The property consisted of parts of two patented claims, K56 and 71Z, on the north side of LTpper Shebandowan Lake, south of Kashabowie. The property has been described by Thomson et al (1957, p. 45) as follows:

Development: Trenching; self-potential survey, 1943; magnetometer survey, 1949; electromag netic survey, 1955; diamond-drilling 1943-56. Up to 1949, 33 diamond-drill holes, aggregating about 10,000 feet, were bored; in 1956, 39 holes, aggregating 24,845 feet, were bored. Geology: The Andowan claims are underlain chiefly by Keewatin greenstones intruded by a large mass of anorthosite. Southeast of the anorthosite body is a strong sheared zone up to about 60 feet in width. This zone strikes N.600E. and dips vertically to steeply south. It has been traced intermittently for a length of 4,300 feet on the surface; and contains two mineralized sections, known as the west and the east, 2,300 feet apart. Both zones consist of silicified greenstones, impregnated with disseminated-to-massive sulphides, chiefly pyrite, with pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and some sphalerite. Dimensions and Grade: The west section is exposed in trenches for a length of 1,300 feet. Twenty- three diamond-drillholes, bored to cut this section in 1956 indicated, to a vertical depth of 600 feet, approximately 200,000 tons having an average grade of 1.25 percent copper. This tonnage occurs in a southwest-raking shoot about 150 feet in length and 22 feet in width. Zinc, gold, and silver were also found to be present, but in relatively small amounts. The east section is exposed in trenches for a length of 700 feet, and ranges in width from 5 to 60 feet. Eleven diamond-drillholes, bored to cut this section in 1956, indicated a low copper content. Remarks: Property optioned from Andowan Mines, Limited, and drilled by Norpick Gold Mines, Limited, 1948-49. Property optioned by Douglas, Allen, Davis, Limited, 1952. Property op tioned by Mining Geophysics Corporation Limited, 1953. Property purchased by Bandowan Mines, Limited, 1955.

The positions of the pits in the East Zone indicate that this zone is made up of several pods arranged en echelon. According to company reports, the best drillhole intersection in the East Zone was 0.95 percent copper over 9.5 feet. The accompanying map (2128) shows that the Crayfish Creek Fault, and a branch fault, traverse the property and may account for the sudden terminations of the east end of each zone. These faults have offset an anorthosite dike that is a good marker band within the metavolcanics. Neither the mineralized zones nor any of the electromagnetic zones have been traced across the faults. It is therefore concluded that they are older than the fault. D. H. Yardley (1947) wrote an M.Se. thesis that includes a detailed map of this property.

30 SELECTED REFERENCES Texts Carter, W. E. H. 1901: Mines of northwest Ontario, Part 2; Ontario Bur. Mines, Vol. 10, p.90-112. 1902: The Mines of Ontario; Ontario Bur. Mines, Vol. 11, p.231-298. Cross, J. G. 1920: Lake Shebandowan nickel deposit; Ontario Dept. Mines, Vol. 29, pt. l, p.225-233. Giblin, P. E. 1964: Burchell Lake Area, Ontario Dept. Mines, Geol. Kept. 19. Irvine, T. N. 1963: Western Lac des Mille Lacs Area; Ontario Dept. Mines, Geol. Rept. 12. Mcinnes, Wm. 1897: Report on the geology of the area covered by the Seine River and Lake Shebandowan map-sheets comprising portions of Rainy River and Thunder Bay Districts, Ontario; Geol. Surv. Canada, Vol. 10, pt. H. (Published 1899) Perdue, H. S. 1938: Coutchiching, Kashabowie Lake, Ontario; Jour. Geol., Vol. 46, p.842-867. Tanton, T. L. 1922. Palladium-bearing nickel deposit at Shebandowan Lake, Thunder Bay District, Ontario; Geol. Surv. Canada, Sum. Rept., pt. D, p.1-8. (Published 1923) Thomson et al 1957: Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc deposits in Ontario; Ontario Dept. Mines, Metal Re sources Circular 2. Watson, R. J. 1928: Platinum-bearing nickel-copper deposit on Lower Shebandowan Lake, District of Thunder Bay; Ontario Dept. Mines, Vol. 37, pt. 4, p.128-149. (Published 1929) Yardley,^D. H. 1947: The geology of an area at Kashabowie Lake, Ontario, and the Coutchiching Problem; Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, Queen©s Univ., Kingston. American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 1961: Code of stratigraphic nomenclature; Bulletin of the American Assoc. Petr. Geol., Vol. 45, No. 5, p.645-665. (A.A.P.G., Box 979, Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.A.)

Maps Geol. Surv. Canada Map 338A. Geology, Shebandowan area, Ontario. Scale l inch to l mile. Geology by T. L. Tanton. (Published 1938) Map 432A. Quetico Sheet (east half), Ontario. Scale l inch to 4 miles. Geology by T. L. Tanton. (Published 1938) Ontario Dept. Mines Aeromagnetic Map No. 1. Kashabowie sheet, District of Thunder Bay. Provincial aero magnetic and radioactive surveys; scale l inch to /^l mile. (Published 1953) Map 2065. Atikokan-Lakehead sheet, District of Thunder Bay. Geological Compilation Series; scale, l inch to 4 miles. (Published 1965) Map P.223. Shebandowan Lake (West) area, District of Thunder Bay Scale l inch to Yt mile. Geology by J. M. Hodgkinson. (Published 1964)

Other Sources

Files, Ontario Dept. Mines 63.344-Report on the magnetometer and spontaneous polarization surveys of the property of Cobaltite Syndicate, Haines and Begin townships, Thunder Bay District, western Ontario. Unpublished report by T. Koulomzine and P. R. Geoffrey, 1952, Orolea Mines Limited. Northern Miner, published weekly by the Northern Miner Press, 111 Richmond St. W., Toronto l, Ontario.

31 INDEX

PAGE PAGE Access...... 1,2 Boudinage, photo...... 10 Acknowledgments...... 2 Bowes Lake...... 16, 22 Agglomerate...... 6, 7, 8 Boyes Island, copper showing...... 21 Photo...... 6 Burchell Lake area...... l, 18 Air Transport...... 2 Alator Corp...... 22 Canadian Goldale Corp. Ltd...... 26n Alator occurrence...... 21, 22 Chalcopyrite...... 14 Amphibolite...... 5, 8, 13, 17 And associated minerals...... 21-30 passim Claims in...... 24 Chibougamou Jaculet Mines Ltd...... 24 In Kashabowie Group...... 9 Chlorite, in rocks...... 8, 11, 13 With metavolcanics...... 8, 15, 16 Cobalt...... 25,21 Amp Lake: Cobaltite Syndicate...... 27 Rocks near...... 5, 6, 7 Cold Stream Copper Mines Ltd...... 2 Analyses, chemical: See also North Coldstream Mines Ltd. Basic plutons...... 14 Colour phases in rocks...... 9, 11, 16, 17 Peridotite...... 13 In agglomerate...... 8 Rhyolite...... 6 In metavolcanics...... 5, 8 Rocks near Discovery Bay...... 7, 11 In mineralized zone...... 25 Analyses, microscopic...... 17, 18 Conglomerate, Windigokan type...... 5, 7 Analyses, X-ray...... 13 Consolidated Callinan FHn-Flon Mines Ltd... .22 Anderson, C. E...... 23 Consolidated Mining and Smelting Co. of Anderson, Francis E...... 23 Canada Ltd., The Assays...... 28 Anderson, Frank, prospects...... 23 Copper...... 1, 8, 23 Anderson Island, copper showing...... 21 And associated minerals...... 25-30 passim Anderson occurrence: With nickel...... 2, 11, 21 Pyrite, chalcopyrite...... 22-23 Copper Island, copper showing...... 21, 25 Andesite...... 7, 27 Copper Island occurrence...... 24-25 Andowan Mines Ltd...... 23, 30 Maps, notes on...... 25 Andowan occurrence: Copper showings...... 21, 25 Map, notes on...... 30 See also Copper; Chalcopyrite. Andowan property: Couchiching rocks...... 8 Map, notes on...... 14 Crayfish Creek: Mineralization...... 8, 21, 30 Claims near...... , .. 23 Anomolies, investigation of...... 22-29 passim Metavolcanics near...... 19 Anorthosite, drilled...... 27 Postans Fault near...... 19, 20 Arkose, Kashabowie Group...... 9 Crayfish Creek Fault...... 3, 20 Assays: Claims near...... 22, 23, 25, 30 Gold and associated metals...... 28, 29 Nickel-copper near ...... 11,21 Avenue prospect: Rocks near...... 13, 14, 16, 19 Maps, notes on...... 24 Termination of Postans Fault...... 19 Avenue Syndicate...... 24 Diabase dikes...... 5, 18 Banded rocks...... 3, 6, 22 Dikes...... 15, 17 Iron formation...... 8 Acid and intermediate...... 17, 24 Banding in rocks...... 13, 17 Anorthosite...... 14, 20, 30 Displacement of...... 16, 20 Basic and ultrabasic...... 10, 11 Greywacke, photo...... 9 Diabase, Keweenawan...... 18 Lit par lit...... 3, 15 Porphyry...... 18, 23 Bandowan Mines Ltd...... 30 Diorite, dike...... 15 Basalt, pyrite in...... 27 Discovery Bay, location on sketch map...... 12 Bedding in rocks...... 9 See also Discovery Point. Begin prospect...... 24 Discovery Point ...... 11 Begin township: Nickel-copper...... 21, 22 Avenue prospect...... 24 Sketch map...... 12 Begin prospect...... 24 Dominion Gulf Co.: Monpre prospect...... 26 Claims...... 24 Orolea prospect...... 27 Greenwater prospect...... 25 Biotite granite...... 3, 15, 16 Douglas, Allen, Davis, Ltd.: BJ. 104, gold, silver...... 22 Andowan property...... 30 B.J. 105, gold, silver ...... 22 Drainage...... 3 32 PAGE PAGE East Divide Lake...... 20, 28, 29 Hornblende: Economic geology...... 18, 20-30 Granite...... 16, 17 In basic metavolcanics...... 8 Faults...... 3, 9, 18-20, 28 Hornblendite-hornblende assemblage...... 13-14 Claims near...... 25 Horseshoe Lake, glacial striae...... 18 From airphotographs...... 19-20 passim Huronian mine, gold...... 2 Kashabowie Group...... 10 Mine near...... 23-24 International Nickel Co. of Canada Ltd., The: See also Crayfish Creek Fault; Nickel-copper...... 2, 24, 25-26 Postans Fault; Tinto Lake Fault. Intrusive rocks: Folding...... 5, 18-19 Acid and intermediate...... 4, 17-18 Formations, table of...... 4 Anorthosite...... 25, 30 Fraser Lake...... 17 Basic ...... 3,4 early...... 5, 10-15 Gabbro...... 10-11 late...... 18 Gabbro-anorthosite assemblage...... 13-14 Dikes, sills, plutons...... 5 Galena...... 21-22, 23 Gabbro...... 25 Geology: Granite ...... 5,8 Economic...... 18, 20-30 Peridotite...... 13, 25 General...... 3-18 See also Dikes. Historical...... 8 Iron: Previous work...... 2-3 Deposits and early prospectors...... 2 Structural...... 18-20 Formations ...... 5,8, 23, 24, 25 Geophysical surveys...... 22-30 passim Sulphides ...... 27,29 Glacial deposits: Sand and gravel...... 18 Glacial striae...... 18 Jelex Mines Ltd...... 24m Gold...... 2, 21-22 Jellicoe Mines (1939) Ltd...... 24 And associated minerals...... 28-30 passim Drilled...... 27 K56...... 22-23, 24, 30 In quartz...... 23-24, 29 Kabaigon Bay...... 6, 28 In shear zone...... 25 Kabaigon Lake, fault near...... 19 Goldale Ltd...... 26n Kasnabowie Group ...... 3,4, 8-10 Goldale Mines Ltd...... 26 Amphibolite bands...... 5 Graded bedding...... 5, 9, 19 Contact with granites...... 15 Grain size in rocks...... 9, 10-11, 15, 17 Fault adjacent...... 18 Granite...... 15-17, 19 Kashabowie Lake: And associated metamorphism ...... 8 Faults near...... 19, 20 Claims near...... 25 Rocks near...... 5, 8, 9, 15, 19 Origin theories...... 15 Kashabowie River...... 8 Near Postans Fault...... 15-16 Kashabowie Series...... 8 Types of...... 3, 15-17 passim Kashabowie village...... 2, 14 With mineralized vein...... 21-22 Anderson occurrence...... 22-23 Granitization, centre of...... 19 Claims near...... 27 30 Graphite...... 29 Keewatin rocks...... 5, 30 Schist...... 24, 27 Keweenawan diabase dikes...... 18 Greenstones, mineralized...... 26, 29, 30 Greenwater Creek: Claims near...... 25 Lake Shebandowan mine...... 23 Greenwater Lake: Lamport township: Claims near...... 24, 25 Avenue prospect...... 24 Rocks near...... 8, 11, 16, 17 Monpre prospect...... 26 Greenwater Lake Granite...... 16 Lamprophyre...... 15 Greenwater prospect: Lava, porphyritic ...... 7,8 Dominion Gulf Co...... 24 Little Kabaigon Lake, fault near...... 19 Map, notes on...... 25 Loch Conklin, claims near...... 26 Greywacke, notes and photo...... 9 Loch Erne...... 16 Claims near...... 23, 26 Hagey township: Loch Erne Granite...... 16 Avenue prospect...... 24 Loch Erne prospect...... 26 Haines township: Loch Macdougall...... 15 Claims and prospects...... 22, 24, 27 Loch Macdougall Granite...... 16 Harkness, J.D...... 25 Fault displacement...... 20 Harkness occurrence...... 25 Loch Muick, claims near...... 26 Harnden Creek, claims near...... 23 Loch Smith...... 18 Harnden Lake, iron sulphides near...... 27 Copper and nickel showings...... 21, 22 33 Kashabowie Area

PAGE Lower Shebandowan Lake: Polydymite...... 26 Claims near...... 27 Porphyritic lava...... 7, 8 Granites near...... 16 Porphyry...... 5, 18 Nickel-copper near...... 2, 11 Mineralized...... 21 Postans Fault...... 3, 18, 19-20 Claims near...... 28 McKellar, Peter...... 2 Rocks near ...... 5,17 Magnetite...... 18, 24-26 passim Postans Lake: Mapping: Claims near ...... 28, 29 Notes on...... 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 Fault near...... 20 Maps: Precambrian ...... 3,4 Aeromagnetic, notes on ...... 24, 26 Primary Gold Mines Ltd...... 29n Geological, coloured...... in pocket Prospecting ...... 2, 20, 27 Notes on...... 2, 3, 11, 17 Pye, E.G. .\ ...... 2, 27-28 Of prospects, notes on...... 14, 24, 25, 30 Pyrite...... 8, 17, 21 Sketch, Discovery Point...... 12 And associated minerals ...... 23-30 passim Martin Bay, mineralization...... 21-22 I n schists...... 27, 28, 29 Metamorphism...... 8-13 passim In shear zones ...... 25 Metasediments, Kashabowie Group...... 19 On prospects...... 22, 26-30 passim Metasomatism, Kashabowie Group...... 15 Pyrrhotite...... 22, 26, 27, 30 Metavolcanics...... 3, 4, 5-8 Fault adjacent ...... 18 Mineralized...... 29 Quartz stringers ...... 27-29 passim Middle Gap, mineralization...... 21 Quartz veins...... 27-28 Middle Shebandowan Lake: Claims near...... 24 Rocks near...... 6, 13, 15, 16, 18 Mineralized ...... 21-22, 29 Mining Geophysics Corp. Ltd.: Quartzite, in metavolcanics...... 5, 7 Andowan property...... 30 Mining locations: Realm Mining Corp. Ltd...... 29 Reports on...... 21-30 References, selected...... 31 Molybdenite...... 21-22 Rhyodacite...... 9 Monpre Mining Co. Ltd...... 26 Rhyolite...... 6 Monpre prospect...... 26 27 Mineralized...... 27 Montco Copper Corp. Ltd...... 27 Volcanic dome...... 7 Montco prospect...... 27 Romar Mines Ltd...... 29 Moss township: Huronian mine...... 2 Sand and gravel...... 18 Muscovite granite...... 3, 15 Schists...... 7, 9, 11 Graphite...... 24, 27, 29 Mineralized...... 27, 28, 29 Natural resources, forests...... 3 Second Narrows ...... 5,9, 19 Nickel...... 1, 22, 27 Sedimentary rocks...... 3, 9 Associated with copper ...... 2, 11, 21, 25 Photo, greywacke...... 9 Nickel-copper...... 2, 11, 21 71Z, mining location...... 14, 24, 30 Norpick Gold Mines Ltd...... 30 Shear zones in rocks...... 5 North Coldstream Mines Ltd...... 2 Mineralized...... 8, 21-30 passim Mineralization...... l, 20 Shebamboo Point: Whalen showing...... 28 Lamprophyre near...... 15 Shebandowan area...... 2 Orolea Mines Ltd...... 27 Remapping, notes on...... 3 Orolea prospect...... 27-28 Shebandowan lakes, The...... 5, 24 Otto Lake, claims near...... 26 Shelter Island...... 17 Shewan Copper Mining Corp. Ltd...... 28, 29 Silver...... 21-22 Pegmatite...... 3, 15, 19 And associated minerals...... 21, 27, 28, 30 Peridotite...... 11-13, 25, 27 Sketch map, Discovery Point...... 12 Mineralized...... 11, 26 Smith, Ray: Pillow structures in lavas...... 7, 8 Claims held...... 28 In Kashabowie Group...... 5, 9, 19 Property...... 21 Photo...... 7 Smith, Ray, occurrence...... 28-29 Pinecone Lake, hornblende granite near.. . . 16, 17 Southern Granite...... 16-17 Platinum...... 28 Southwest Bay: And associated minerals...... 25, 27 Claims near...... 23, 25 Pleistocene...... 18 Granites near...... 16 Sand, gravel, and boulder clay...... 3, 18 Mineralization near...... 2, 11, 21, 24 Plutonic rocks, granitic and syenitic . . . . .4, 15-17 Sphalerite...... 21-22 Plutons...... 8, 13, 17, 22 And associated minerals...... 29, 30 34 PAGE Stocks...... 10, 15 Upper Shebandowan Mines Ltd...... 28, 29 Sulphide mineralization...... 8, 26-30 passim Upper Shebandowan prospect...... 29 See also Chalcopyrite; Galena; Pyrite; Pyrrhotite; Sphalerite. Surveys: Vanguard Explorations Ltd...... 8, 14, 21, 30 Geological...... 22, 24 Veins, copper-bearing...... 21 Geophysical...... 22 30 passim See also Quartz veins. Syenide rocks...... 15-17 Volcanic dome...... 7 Sylvanite...... 23 Volcanism, mixed extrusion...... 8

Tabor Lake Gold Mines Ltd...... 29 Three Mile Bay, claims near...... 25 Weathering of rocks ...... 9, 11 Tinto Lake Fault...... 20 Whalen showing...... 28, 29 Rocks near...... 8, 16 Mineralization...... 8, 21 Tip Top mine...... 2 Windigokan type rocks...... 5, 7 Topography...... 3 W.T. 8, gold, silver, copper...... 21-22 Trachyte...... 17 Trachyandesite...... 17 Tuff..©...... 5-8 passim, 27 X 524, adit, gold...... 23

Upper Shebandowan Lake: Claims near...... 24, 25, 29, 30 Young Bay...... 15 Mine near...... 23 Rocks near...... 5, 13, 14, 18 Sulphides near...... 14, 28 Zinc, and associated minerals...... 28, 29, 30

35

Map 2127 Greenwater Lake Sheet

ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF MINES

HON. G. C. WARDROPE, Minister of Mines D. P Douglass, Deputy Minister J. E.Thomson, Director, Geological Branch

SYMBOLS Scale, l inch to 50 miles N.T.S. reference 52 B/9

Glacial striae.

Small bedrock outcrop.

Area of bedrock outcrop.

Bedding, top unknown; (inclined, ver tical).

Bedding, top (arrow) from grain grada LEGEND tion; (inclined, vertical, overturned). CENOZOIC* Lava /low; top (arrow) from pillows shape and packing. RECENT Swamp and stream deposits. Schistosity; (horizontal, inclined, ver PLEISTOCENE tical). Sand, gravel and boulder clay. Gneissosity, (horizontal, inclined, ver UNCONFORMITY tical). PRECAMBRIAN** LATE BASIC INTRUSIVE ROCKS Lineation with plunge. 8 Diabase (dikes). Geological boundary, observed. INTRUSIVE CONTACT ACID AND INTERMEDIATE Geological boundary, position inter MINOR INTRUSIVE ROCKS*** preted. 7 Undifferentiated. Fault; (observed, assumed). Spot in 7a Trachyandesite, trachyte porphyry; dicates down throw side, arrows indicate syenite. horizontal movement. 7b Quartz porphyry and quartz-feld spar porphyry. Drag folds with plunge. GRANITIC PLUTONIC ROCKS 6 Undifferentiated. 6a Leucogranite. Muskeg or swamp. 6b Biotite granite. 6c Hornblende granite. Motor road, provincial highway number 6d Porphyritic hornblende granite. encircled where applicable. 6e Muscovite granite. 6f Muscovite granite pegmatite.

Other road. SYENITIC PLUTONIC ROCKS 5 Undifferentiated. 5a Leucosyenife, Trail, portage, winter road. 5b Biotite syenite. 5c Porphyritic biotite syenite. 5d Hornblende syenite. Se Porphyritic hornblende syenite. Building. NTRUSIVE CONTACT EARLY BASIC INTRUSIVE ROCKS Altitude in feet above mean sea level. 4 Undifferentiated. 4a Gabbro. 4b Porphyritic gabbro. 4c Anorthosite. 4d Differentiated Basic Pluton; gabbro, anorthosite, hornblendite. 4e Diorite. 4f Lamprophyre. 4g Peridotite. 4h Quartz amphibolite. Property boundary, approximate posi tion only. INTRUSIVE CONTACT KASHABOWIE GROUP***/- Location of mining properly, surveyed. 5 Undifferentiated. 10 See list of properties. 3a Motasediments, well banded biotite- feldspar-quartz schist. 3b Medium and coarse-grained amphi bolite. 3c Acid volcanic rocks. 3d Basic volcanic rocks, pillow lava.

FAULT CONTACT M ETA VOLCANICS**** LIST OF PROPERTIES, BASIC METAVOLCANICS 2 Undi/ferentiated. OCCURRENCES, PROSPECTS 2a Amphibolite and amphibolite schist. 1. A/ator occurrence, g 2b Chlorite schist. 2c Porphyritic basic flows. 2. Anderson occurrence. | 2d Agglomerate. 3. Anderson, Frank, prospects.^ 2c Pillow lava. 2f Tuff, stratified tuff and basic sedi 4. Andowan Mines Ltd. mentary rocks. 5. Avenue prospect. Zg Quartzites and conglomerates (Win- 6. Begin prospect. dikokan type). 7. Copper Island occurrence.^ 8. Greenwater prospect, 9. Harkness occurrence. S 10. International Nickel Co. of Canada Ltd. (The) ACID METAVOLCANICS 1 Undifferentiated. 11. Loch Erne prospect. 5 1a Rhyolite. 12. Monpre prospect. 1b Sericite schist. 1c Dacite. 13. Montco prospect. | 1d Porphyritic rhyolite. 14. Orolea prospect, 1e Tuff. 15. Shewan Copper Mining Corp. Ltd., If Pillow lava. 1Q Agglomerate. (Whalen showing), g 16. Sm/tn, Ray, occurrence, l 17. Upper Shebandowan prospect. ^ Ag Silver ^ 18. Vanguard Explorations Ltd. ^ Au Go/c/S Cu Copper fl Fluorite S Mo Molybdenum^ SOURCES OFJENFORMATION q Quartz Pb Lead Geology by J, M. Hodgkinson and assistants, 1962 and 1963. S Sulphide mineralization ^ Geology is not tied to surveyed lines. Published 196? talc Talc Ontario Department of Mines snd Geological Survey of Canada, Aeromagnetic map 1102G. Map 2127 Preliminary map P.223, Shebandowan Lake Area, scale * Unconsolidated deposits. Cenozoic deposits are repre 1" to©A mile, issued 1964. sented by the lighter coloured and uncoloured parts of the map. Cartography by R. G. Curtis and B. 0/czak, Ontario Department of Mines, 1966. GREENWATER LAKE SHEET **Bedrock geology. Outcrops and inferred extensions of each rock map unit are shown respectively in deep Base map derived from Forest Resources Inventory and light tones of the same colour. Where in places a maps, with additional information by J. M. Hodgkinson, THUNDER BAY DISTRICT formation is too narrow to show colour and must be Magnetic declination approximately 3" East, 1963. represented in black, a short black bar appears in the appropriate block. NOTES Scale 1:31,680 or l Inch to V2 Mile ****77ie relative age of these groups is unknown, 60 40 20 O 1 2 Miles f These rocks are mapped on the companion sheet.

Metres 1000 3 Kilometres ^Occurs only on companion sheet.

Feet 1000 O 5,000 10,000 Feet l Map 2128 Kashabowie Sheet

ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF MINES

HON. G. C. WARDROPE, Minister of Mines D. E Douglass, Deputy Minister J, E.Thomson, Director, Geological Branch

SYMBOLS Scale, l inch to 50 miles N.T.S. references? B/9

Glacial striae.

Small bedrock outcrop.

Area of bedrock outcrop.

Bedding, top unknown; (inclined, ver tical).

Bedding, top (arrow) from grain grada LEGEND tion; (inclined, vertical, overturned). CENOZOIC* Lava (low; top (arrow) from pillows shape RECENT and packing, Swamp and stream deposits. Schistosity; (horizontal, inclined, ver PLEISTOCENE tical). Sand, gravel and boulder clay. Gneissosity, (horizontal, inclined, ver UNCONFORMITY tical). PRECAMBRIAN** LATE BASIC INTRUSIVE ROCKS Lineation with plunge.

Geological boundary, observed.

ACID AND INTERMEDIATE Geological boundary, position inter MINOR INTRUSIVE ROCKS preted. . . Undifferentiated. Fault; (observed, assumed), Spot in -— 7a Trachyandesite, trachyte porphyry; dicates down throw side, arrows indicate syenite. horizontal movement. 7b Quartz porphyry and quartz-feld spar porphyry. t Drag folds with plunge. GRANITIC PLUTONIC ROCKS 6 Undifferentiated. 6a Leucogranite. Muskeg or swamp. 6b Biotite granite. Bc Hornblende granite. 6d Porphyritic hornblende granite. Motor road, provincial highway number 6e Muscovite granite. encircled where applicable. Sf Muscovite granite pegmatite.

Other road. SYENITIC PLUTONIC ROCKS 5 Undifferentiated. 5a Leucosyenite. 5b Biotite syenite. Trail, portage, winter road. 5c Porphyritic biotite syenite. 5d Hornblende syenite. 5e Porphyritic hornblende syenite. Shebandowan INTRUSIVE CONTACT EARLY BASIC INTRUSIVE ROCKS Township boundary, with mile post, ap Pine Island 4 Undifferentiated. proximate position only. 4a Gabbro. 4b Porphyritic gabbro. Claim line surveyed, approximate posi 4c Anorthosite. tion only, 4d Differentiated Basic Pluton; gabbro, anorthosite, hornblendite. 4e Diorite. Property boundary, approximate posi 4f Lamprophyre. tion only. 4g Peridotite. 4h Quartz amphibolite. Location of mining property, surveyed. See list o! properties, INTRUSIVE CONTACT KASHABOWIE GROUP*** Location of mining property, unsur- 3 Undifferentiated. veyed. See list of properties. 3a Metascd/ments, well banded biotite- feldspar-quartz schist. 3b Medium and coarse-grained amphi bolite 3c Acid volcanic rocks. 3d Basic volcanic rocks, pillow lava.

FAULT CONTACT LIST OF PROPERTIES, M ETAVOLCANICS**** OCCURRENCES, PROSPECTS BASIC METAVOLCANICS 2 Undifferentiated. 1. Alator occurrence. 2a Amphibolite and amphibolite schist. 2. Anderson occurrence, 2b Chlorite schist. 2c Porphyritic basic flows. 3. Anderson, Frank, prospects. 2d Agglomerate. 4. Andowan Mines Ltd. 2e Pillow lava. Sf Tuff, stratified tuff and basic sedi 5. Avenue prospect. {j mentary rocks. 6. Begin prospect, g 2g Quartzites and conglomerates (Win- 7. Copper Island occurrence. dikokan type). 8. Greenwater prospect. S 9. Harkness occurrence. 10. International Nickel Co. of Canada Ltd. (The) 11. Loch Erne prospect. ACID METAVOLCANICS 1 Undifferentiated. 12. Monpre prospect. 5 1a Rhyolite. 13. Montco prospect. 1b Sericite schist. 1c Dacite. 14. Orolea prospect. S 1d Porphyritic rhyolite. 15. Shewan Copper Mining Corp, Ltd., 1e Tuff. 1f Pi/low lava. (Whalen showing). 1g Agglomerate. 16. Smith, Ray, occurrence. 17. Upper Shebandowan prospect. 18. Vanguard Explorations Ltd. East Bay Ag Silver ^Occurs only on companion sheet. Gr eftiwater Lall Au Gold Cu Copper fl Fluorite Mo Molybdenum SOURCES OF INFORMATION q Quartz Geology by J. M. Hodgkinson and assistants, 1962 and Pb Lead 1963. Geology is not tied to surveyed lines. S Sulphide mineralization Ontario Department of Mines and Geological Survey talc Talc of Canada, Aeromagnetic map 1102G, Preliminary map P.223, Shebandowan Lake Area, scale Map 2128 1" to y2 mile, issued 1964. * Unconsolidated deposits. Cenozoic deposits are repre sented by the lighter coloured and uncoloured parts Cartography by R. G. Curtis and B. Olczak, Ontario of the map. Department of Mines, 1966. **Bedrock geology. Outcrops and inferred extensions Base map derived from Forest Resources Inventory KASHABOWIE SHEET of each rock map unit are shown respectively in deep maps, with additional information by J. M. Hodgkinson. and light tones of the same colour. Where in places a Magnetic declination approximately 3" East, 1963. formation is too narrow to show colour and must be THUNDER BAY DISTRICT represented in black, a short black bar appears in the NOTES appropriate block. The designating letters "TB"have been omitted on this ***The range of age of rocks in this group is extensive, map from the numbers marking the mining claims Scale l: 31,680 or l Inch to V2 Mile © and the limits are not known. recorded at the office of the Port Arthur Mining ****The relative age of these groups is unknown. Division. 2 Miles

Metres 1000 3 Kilometres

Feet 1000 O 5,000 10,000 Feet