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A Proposal to Establish the Shipwreck Vamar As a State Underwater Archaeological Preserve

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A Proposal to Establish the Shipwreck Vamar as a State Underwater Archaeological Preserve Bureau of Archaeological Research Division of Historical Resources Florida Department of State Glenda E. Hood, Secretary of State July 2003 ABSTRACT Objective To propose the establishment of a state Underwater Archaeological Preserve at the submerged site of Vamar, the remains of a steamship sunk off Mexico Beach, Florida, and nominated to become the ninth shipwreck park in Florida. A cooperative effort between state, county, and city officials, as well as local organizations and individuals, is proposed to create a new historical attraction for Northwest Florida. Florida’s program of shipwreck parks began in 1987 with the designation of the first Underwater Archaeological Preserve at the site of Urca de Lima, a Spanish vessel that wrecked near Ft. Pierce in 1715. A second Preserve was established in 1989 on San Pedro, a galleon that grounded in the Florida Keys in 1733. City of Hawkinsville, a sunken steamboat in the Suwannee River, became a third shipwreck park in 1992. USS Massachusetts, the nation’s oldest surviving battleship, was designated in Pensacola in 1993 and the wreck of the steamer SS Copenhagen near Pompano Beach became a Preserve in 1994. In 1997, SS Tarpon, a merchant vessel that sunk in a gale off Panama City, was designated a Preserve. In 2000, Florida’s seventh Preserve was established at Half Moon, a German racing yacht sunk off Key Biscayne near Miami. The latest Preserve is the Norwegian lumber barque Lofthus wrecked off Boynton Beach. These sites, as important examples of our maritime heritage, are made more accessible to visitors by underwater maps and mooring systems, and are interpreted through the World Wide Web, widely distributed brochures, and other literature. They have become popular destinations for Florida residents and visitors. 2 Vamar is a steamship that sank with a cargo of lumber off Mexico Beach in 1942 under mysterious circumstances. As an easily accessible historic shipwreck, Vamar meets all the criteria to become an excellent addition to Florida’s Underwater Archaeological Preserve system. Suggested Steps for the Establishment of a Preserve This proposal is the result of months of historical research by state archaeologists, local historians, and divers, as well as a recent campaign of underwater mapping in response to local nomination of the site as an Underwater Archaeological Preserve. The purpose of this document is to present a case for Preserve designation and to solicit input at all levels for a cooperative venture between government entities and the public to establish a shipwreck park. The project will depend on a community partnership, which has been a key element in the establishment of other shipwreck Preserves in Florida. Suggested steps to develop a Preserve are listed below. (* indicates the step has been completed in the case of Vamar) 1. A shipwreck is nominated to become a Preserve, generally by a local diver, boat captain, or school children, by submitting a nomination form to the Bureau of Archaeological Research. * 2. The wreck site is visited by State archaeologists to determine if the shipwreck meets criteria for Preserve status: * in State waters recognizable features accessible to public identity and history verifiable safe diving conditions plentiful marine life 3. If the shipwreck meets the criteria it becomes a Preserve candidate. * 4. State personnel visit area businesses, local government, Chamber of Commerce, boating and fishing clubs, dive shops, etc. to garner interest and assistance. * 3 5. An informal Friends of the Preserve group is formed by interested individuals and is aided by State personnel. The Friends promote and help to establish the Preserve, and also raise funds and solicit in-kind donations and services which may range from providing refreshments at the public meeting to raising funds for a site plaque. 6. State archaeologists, with the help of local divers, survey and record the shipwreck and prepare a detailed site plan. Together with the Friends group, State personnel research the ship’s history and verify its identity. An assessment and inventory of the site’s biological diversity also is conducted. * 7. Once the site plan and history are complete, a public meeting is planned to present an official proposal for the new Preserve to area citizens and businesses and to address any questions or concerns. 8. The proposal, which includes the site plan and ship’s history as well as educational and economic benefits of the Preserve, is distributed to area media. If there is public support, the proposal is considered to be accepted. 9. A formal opening ceremony with State and local dignitaries is held to dedicate the new Preserve and to place an underwater plaque designating the site a State Underwater Archaeological Preserve and Florida Heritage Site. 10. The Preserve is interpreted for the public through a brochure, an underwater guide for divers and snorkelers, a web page, a poster, and a local museum exhibit of artifacts, photos, etc. The Preserve also is nominated to the National Register of Historic Places. 11. The Friends of the Preserve provide continuing support by monitoring the site, distributing brochures and posters, and promoting visitation. 4 PROPOSAL Introduction Florida’s Underwater Archaeological Preserves are partnerships between government and the public to manage and protect submerged cultural resources in a cooperative spirit. Underwater sites of recognized historical and recreational value are designated as state Preserves in response to local nominations, and by a public desire for a fuller understanding and appreciation of these unique public-owned resources. Once a submerged site is nominated, it is carefully researched and evaluated for its suitability to become a Preserve, considering such criteria as historical value, archaeological integrity, biological diversity, public accessibility, and recreational potential. If the site meets these criteria, data from its evaluation are presented in a formal public proposal for the creation of a new Preserve through a cooperative effort between the public and private sectors. Public input generated by the proposal will help to determine appropriate methods of site enhancement, interpretation, and protection based on local needs and desires. Interested organizations and individuals then work together with state and local governments to prepare the site and to maintain it as an historical attraction. Shipwreck parks are a relatively new phenomena as a means of education and preservation through recreation. Following the lead of Michigan and Vermont, where sites in cold, fresh water were established as preserves, Florida’s program began in 1987, with the designation of Urca de Lima, a Spanish merchant ship cast ashore near Ft. Pierce during a hurricane in 1715, as the first state Underwater Archaeological Preserve. Salvaged soon after her wrecking, and again by modern treasure hunters, the remains of the wooden sailing ship lie in shallow water on an offshore reef, where they became a popular location for sport divers. Members of the St. Lucie County Historical Commission approached the Florida Department of State’s Division of Historical Resources to explore the possibility of giving the shipwreck a special status that would both interpret and protect the site for future visitors. Local waterfront businesses joined with city, county, 5 and state officials to enhance the wreck with replica cement cannons to replace those removed long ago. An official bronze plaque, embedded in a cement monument attached to a large mooring buoy, was positioned near the wreckage to mark the site and to prevent anchor damage. Interpretive brochures, thousands of which subsequently have been circulated, were widely distributed to encourage public visitation and participation in the maintenance of this unique piece of Florida’s maritime heritage. Urca de Lima thus was adopted by the local community as a new historical attraction; by placing the site in the public’s trust, it became important for everyone to preserve. As early as 1964, Florida officials heard arguments from the Monroe County Advertising Commission and the Florida Keys Underwater Guides Association that at least one of the Spanish shipwreck sites of the 1733 fleet disaster should be set aside as an historic monument rather than remain available for salvage activities. But that hope was not realized, and it was another twenty-five years before the idea came to fruition. During the summer of 1988, eleven of the 1733 Spanish wrecksites were surveyed and assessed by field school students from Indiana University and Florida State University. The students rated each site for its accessibility, archaeological features, natural marine life, and potential for enhancement and interpretations. Several were found to be seriously disrupted by illegal salvage activities; but others, such as San Pedro, lying in 18 feet of water near Islamorada, were relatively undisturbed and were covered with living coral and sea life. Data from the survey were presented in a public proposal, which recommended the establishment of San Pedro as the state’s second Underwater Archaeological Preserve. Circulated throughout the Upper Keys by the Islamorada Chamber of Commerce, the proposal generated considerable public interest and enthusiasm. Local civic leaders and waterfront operators organized the San Pedro Trust to serve as a non-profit support organization for the
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