Wisconsin Magazine of History
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Wisconsin Magazine of History Tke Boss and the Uptart: Kcycs and La Follette DAVID p. THELEN Tke Lumbering Industry in Pcrsf^cctive CHARLES E. TWINING Wkeat Spculation in tke Civil War Era DOROTHY .1. ERNST Wisconsin's FieUstone Architecture RICHARD W. E. PERRIN Tke Case of Richard T. Ely THERON F. SCHLABACH Fond du Lac Snubs a Presiclent STANLEY L. GORES Published by The State Historical Society of Wisconsin / Vol. XLVII, No. 2 / Winter, 1963-1964 THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN LESLIE H. FISHEL, JR., Director Officers JOHN C. GEILFUSS, President HERBERT V. KOHLER, Honorary Vice-President E. E. HOMSTAD, Second Vice-President, Treasurer LESLIE H. FISHEL, JR., Secretary Board of Curators Ex-Officio JOHN W. REYNOLDS, Governor of the State MRS. DENA A. SMITH, State Treasurer ROBERT C. ZIMMERMAN, Secretary of State FRED H. HARRINGTON, President of the University ANGUS B. ROTHWELL, Superintendent of Public Instruction MRS. JOSEPH C. GAMROTH, President of the Women's Auxiliary Term Expires, 1964 THOMAS H. BARLAND GEORGE F. KASTEN CHARLES MANSON FLOYD SPRINGER, JR. Eau Claire Milwaukee Madison Racine M. J. DYRUD MRS. VINCENT W. KOCH FREDERICK 1. OLSON DR. WILLIAM STOVALL Prairie du Chien Janesville Wauwautosa Madison JIM DAN HILL MRS. RAYMOND J. KOLTES FREDERIC SAMMOND E. E. HOMSTAD Superior Madison Milwaukee Black River Falls Term Expires, 1965 GEORGE BANTA, JR. ROBERT B. L. MURPHY STANLEY STONE CEDRIC VIG Menasha Madison Milwaukee Rhinelander GEORGE HAMPEL, JR. FOSTER B. PORTER MILO K. SWANTON CLARK WILKINSON Milwaukee Bloomington Madison Baraboo PHILIP F. LA FOLLETTE WILLIAM F. STARK FREDERICK N. TROWBRIDGE ANTHONY WISE Madison Pewaukee Green Bay Hayward Term Expires, 1966 SCOTT M. CUTLIP EDWARD FROMM MRS. HOWARD T. GREENE ROBERT L. PIERCE Madison Hamburg Genesee Depot Menomonie W. NORMAN FITZGERALD ROBERT A. GEHRKE GEORGE HAMPEL, JR. JAMES A. RILEY Milwaukee Ripon Des Moines Eau Claire MRS. ROBERT E. FRIEND JOHN C. GEILFUSS SAM RIZZO Hartland Milwaukee Racine Honorary Honorary Life Members WILLIAM ASHBY MCCLOY, Winnipeg PRESTON E. MCNALL, Madison MRS. LITTA BASCOM, Madison DOROTHY L. PARK, Madison Fellows VERNON CARSTENSEN MERLE CURTI The Women's Auxiliary Officers MRS. JOSEPH C. GAMROTH, Madison, President MRS. WILLIAM H. L. SMYTHE, Milwaukee, Vice-President MRS. EDWARD H. RIKKERS, Madison, Secretary MRS. WILLIAM E. HUG, Neenah, Treasurer MRS. EDMUND K. NIELSON, Appleton, Assistant Treasurer MRS. W. NORMAN FITZGERALD, Milwaukee, Ex-Officio VOLUME 47, fSVMBER 2/WlfNTER, 1963-1964 Wisconsin Magazine of History WILLIAM CONVERSE HAYGOOD, Editor PAUL H. HASS, Associate Editor A.M.S. 102 The Boss and the Upstart: Keyes and La Follette, 1880-1884 103 DAVID P. THELEN Plunder and Progress: The Lumbering Industry in Perspective 116 CHARLES E. TWINIiNG Wheat Speculation in the Civil War Era: Daniel Wells and the Grain Trade 125 DOROTHY J. ERNST Boulders, Cobblestones, and Pebbles: Wisconsin's Fie Idstone Architecture 136 RICHARD W. E. PERRIN An Aristocrat on Trial: The Case of Richa •d T. Ely 146 THERON F. SCHLABACH Fond du Lac Snubs a President 160 STANLEY L. GORES William Best Hesseltine 170 Book Reviews 175 Accessions 191 Contributors 196 Published Quarterly by The State Historical Society of Wisconsin THE WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY is published not assume responsibility for statements made by contribu quarterly by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 816 tors. Second-class postage paid at Madison, Wisconsin State Street, Madison. Wisconsin ^3706. Distributed to mem Copyright 1964 by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin bers as part of their dues {Annual membership, S5.00 ; Fami Paid for in part by the Maria L. and Simeon Mills Editoria ly membership, ^7.00; Contributing, $10; Business and Pro Fund and by the George B. Burrows Fund. Wisconsin nevins fessional, $25; Life, $100; Sustaining, $100 or more annual papers may reprint any article appearing in the WISCON ly; Patron, $1000 or more annually). Single numbers, $1.25. SIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY providing the story carries Microfilmed copies available through University Microfilms, the following credit line : Reprinted from the State Histori 313 North First Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Communica cal Society's Wisconsin Magazine of History for [insert the tions should be addressed to the editor. Thf? Society does season and year which appear on the Magazine]. A.M.S. TJEHIND his back, graduate students of my Turner-trained scholar, Frederick Merk, took -*-' generation always used his initials, or over Turner's field of Western history, leav called him, affectionately, "the old man." Of ing Mr. Schlesinger to establish his own in course, after one of his gentle but probing terests, a social and intellectual approach to interviews, some of the affection temporarily American history. One of his earliest and disappeared. But to his face he was always best students and one of three who won a "Mr. Schlesinger." Pulitzer Prize, is Merle Curti of the Univer His full name is Arthur Meier Schlesinger, sity of Wisconsin history department. Senior, and he is now the Francis Lee Higgin- American social and intellectual history had son Professor Emeritus of History at Har little status when Mr. Schlesinger first began vard, where for thirty years he taught under his course for upper-classmen and graduate graduates and groomed graduate students in students and his seminars for doctoral candi the substance and subtleties of American his dates. One of his early books which advanced tory. He has recently written a brief memoir several telling interpretations in behalf of this which he calls In Retrospect: the History of approach was entitled New Viewpoints in a Historian, which is very much the mirror American History. Decades later, when social of the man. I say that as one who called and intellectual history had achieved general him A.M.S. behind his back and "Mr. Schle acceptance, he laughingly reported that his singer" to his face. colleagues referred to his book as "Few New As he does in his memoir, he approached Points in American History." problems with an ease and a grace which Perhaps his major effort was his joint edi belied the depth of his interest. His exposi torship, with Dixon Ryan Fox, of the History tion of problems, as in his memoir, was dis of American Life series, a thirteen volume ef passionate and clear, and his warm sense of fort to detail the social and intellectual life humor kept all discussions in focus. His hu of the American people from the beginning. mor, by the way, enlivens almost every page His own contribution to this series marks a of his book. For example, he recalled when, very special interest. The Rise of the City, as a University of Iowa faculty member, he 1878-1898. Mr. Schlesinger. who in his lec was invited to deliver a high school commence tures and discussions could spoof the theory ment address. The exercises were held in the that one man "fathered" an invention or inno basement of the Methodist church and the graduating class, one boy and one girl, "sat vation, is in truth the father of American proudly on a platform . under a large urban history. The urban complex fascinated spreading banner inscribed LAUNCHED BUT him and his lectures peered into areas which NOT ANCHORED." After he was established historians before him had ignored. Sanitation, at Harvard, he gradually stopped writing water systems, police and fire protection were book reviews because they took valuable time grist for his mill. and "as my friendship spread with colleagues The man, like the memoir, is calm and re over the country, it became increasingly hard flective, with a restless roving mind. Before to render objective judgments." he retired in 1953, he and Mrs. Schlesinger 1 can remember another decision which he held open house every Sunday afternoon for rarely breached. He disliked reading books in students, friends, and Cambridge visitors, and proof and writing a favorable "blurb" for the the discussions were as lively as the students publisher, even though the pressure to do were varied. To some of us greener graduate this for former students was sometimes in students, just sitting and listening was an tense. But perhaps his most important deci educational delight. Whatever else he taught sion was the one which brought him East us, in or out of the classroom, we could not to Harvard. A midwesterner by birth, Schle fail to appreciate that his life and work are singer has unusual if indirect ties to Wiscon a powerful testament to the greatness of our sin. When he moved to Harvard, he succeeded democratic experiment. to the position occupied by Frederick Jack son Turner. However, a Wisconsin-born and L.H.F., .IR. 102 THE BOSS AND THE UPSTART: KEYES AND LA FOLLETTE, 1880-1884 The first in a series of historical re-evaluations of the young Robert M. La Follette, Dane County District Attorney By DAVID P. THLLEN TN Wisconsin, as elsewhere, the office of by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 and -*- county district attorney has frequently which produced the Republican party. Sher served as a steppingstone for young lawyers man Booth, the abolitionist and early party intent upon a career in politics. As a defend leader, had appointed Keyes to the Republican er of law and order and, frequently, a crusa State Central Committee, and in 1858 Keyes der against vice, the public prosecutor has successfully sought the Dane County dis always had his name before the public more trict attorneyship. During the Civil War he was often than any other county official. This rewarded for his efforts in the party's behalf was especially true in the case of two of the by appointment to the Madison post office, state's most prominent political figures, both from which he consolidated his political pow of whom held the Dane County district at er and rewarded friends or punished enemies torneyship early in their respective careers— with the patronage.' At the close of the war, Elisha W.