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The State of the Environment in Selected Regions

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The State of the Environment in Selected Regions State of the Environment Report - the Slovak Republic 1997 SK99K0198 ENVlRONtffl IEGH AKTUALIZACIA WIRONMENTAUEJ REOK) •IALIZACIE SIO/ENSK* The State of the ttKONANAVROKUOT/ Environment in Selected Regions There are five levels of the quality of environment that were defined by the new environmental classification based on the complete assessment of the state of air, groundwater, surface water, soil, rock environment, biota and other factors: Table 46 Basic criteria of environmental regional classification of the Slovak Republic according to the number of population and area Quality Specification of quality Population of SR Area <if SR level number % km2 % I. and II. High quality environment, satisfactory environment 2 379 000 44.5 36 824 75.1 III. Moderately deteriorated environment 964 000 18.0 7 306 14.9 IV. Deteriorated environment 752 000 14.0 2 795 5.7 V. Heavily deteriorated environment I 262 000 23.5 2 109 4.3 5 357 000 100.0 49 034 100.0 Source: SAZP Endangered territories of Slovakia according to the environmental classification are the territories where the environmental quality reaches levels IV. and V. at the same time. The percentage of population living in these ter- ritories is approx. 33.2% and they occupy 9.5% of the total area of the Slovak Republic. These territories are usually linked to large urban and industrial areas. The territories belonging only to the level IV. of environmental quality are not a part of defined areas. There are approx. 233 000 inhabitants living on these territories. The following settle- ments together with their own urban areas belong to this group: Senica, Surany, Sahy, Zeliezovce, Levice, Nova Bafta, Lucenec, Svit and Presov. Table 47 The following endangered territories in Slovakia were selected Endangered region Number of Area 2 population (km ) 1. Bratislava region 491 000 710 2. Trnava-Galanta region 162 000 384 3. Upper Nitru region 179 000 519 4. Upper Povazie region 162 000 183 5. Middle Pohronie region 170 000 371 6. Middle SpiS region 87 000 364 7. Middle Gemer region 56 000 401 8. KoSice region 267 000 658 9. Middle Zemplin region 207 000 1 OSl Total 1 781 000 4 671 Source: SAZP 44 State of the Environment Report - the Slovak Republic 1997 Figure 30 Quality of the environment in the Slovak Republic Qualify of the environment 1" degree - high quality environment ] 2nd degree - suitable quality environment i 3'" degree - moderately deteriorated environment I 4'" degree - deteriorated environment m 5"'degree - heavily deteriorated environment While the territories with heavily deteriorated environment in Bratislava, Trnava-Galanta, Horna Nitra and Kosice regions are relatively compact, the other are not. They create a mosaic, divided by sig- nificant natural barriers that partly eliminate the negative impact. This region consists of the capital city of the SR area, that means Bratislava Districts I.-V. and the parts of near-by districts of Malacky, Pezinok and Senec. The number of inhabitants is 491 000, number of settlements is 17 and only Bratislava is a municipal industrial and administrative agglomeration. The endangered area of Bratislava region occupies 710 km2. Air Pollution Table 48 The largest sources of air pollution in Bratislava endangered region according to the emissions of basic air pollutants from 1996 to 1997 (t per year) Basic characteristics of main producers of air Pollution source SPM SO, KO, CO pollution and pollutants 1996 1997 1996 1997 1996 1997 1996 1997 Slovnaft a. s. 1 181.3 1 264.0 24 006.0 21 924.2 3 836.7 4 460.6 784.6 702.6 • The emission of basic pollutants from all Bratislava ZHZ 5. p. Bratislava, 103.9 41.2 ] 645.3 621.2 309.9 158.2 25.2 23.2 sources in the Bratislava endangered region Vylircvna Bratislava Juli was 33 757 tin 1997 7X-Z 5. p. Bratislava, 16.9 23/i 108.7 206.6 243.6 262.9 7(..5 77.9 Heating Plant II • The industry and transport are the princi- Maladorcx a.s. 36.8 18.7 640.5 312.3 110.3 65.5 9.2 8.2 Bratislava pal pollution sources Istroclicm a. s. 31.9 10.7 130.5 190.5 15.0 II.1 1.2 1.5 Bratislava • Slovnaft a.s. Bratislava has a contribution OLO a. s. Bratislava, Municipal Waste 105.4 100.5 73..1 74.2 110.3 111.5 0.3 0.3 of approx. 83.9% of the total amount of Incinerator basic pollutants from all the large sources in the region 45 State of the Environment Report - the Slovak Republic 1997 • Slovnaft a.s. Bratislava emitted considerable volume of other pollutants, esp. benzene (314 t in 1996 and 312 t in 1997) and inorganic compounds of hydrochloric acid (19 t in 1996 and 1997) excluding basic pollutants. The toulene emissions produced in Slovenskd Grafika a.s. Bratislava reached 277 t in 1997. Water Pollution Table 49 The largest sources of surface water pollution in Bratislava endangered region accor- ding to the selected indicators of discharged pollutants in 1996 and 1997 Basic characteristics of the quality of surface Pollution I1OD51 per year CODCr 1 per year SS 1 per year [S t per year source watercourses at the checkpoints in 1997 199ft I9M7 1996 1997 1996 1997 1996 1997 Slovnart 72.43 N7.5K 316.90 3.S4.-19 4 75.1.46 4 3X7.94 217.30 87.58 • Danube-Bratislava middle course: the group a.s.WWTP Istrochem 638.94 805.68 1 904.77 2 2C5.99 19 136.10 15 998.65 172.80 197.82 of oxygen demand indicators reached quality a.s. WWTP Slovnarc 751.78 415.69 1 433.08 1 351.01 20 556.45 2 020.49 ! 644.52 1 616.59 category II, groups of basic and additional bl. 17- IS VaK- chemical indicators reached category III and WWTP 283.82 249.60 1 753.40 1 533.26 26 427.17 23 771.58 1 135.30 1 010.29 Vrakufia biological and microbiological indicators VaK- \V\VIT f.2.25 88.95 303.49 .17O.f.2 6 162.70 6 196.87 3-10.65 281.67 reached quality category IV. The concentra- Pclrialka WWTP- Waste Water Treatment Plant Source: SIIMU dons of zinc reached category II and other heavy metals category I • Estuary of Mldka watercourse: the group of oxygen demand indicators and the group of basic and additional chemical indicators reached category V and biological and microbiological indicators reached quality category IV. High concentra- tions of organic substances and nitrogen and phosphorus compounds were recorded • The upper course of the River Maly Dunaj: the group of oxygen demand indicators reached quality category II and the group of basic chemical indicators reached category HI. The group of heavy metals and biological, microbiological and addi- tional indicators reached quality category IV. Soil Pollution According to the Soil Fertility Research Institute (VUPU) monitoring, the soil in Bratislava endan- gered region did not reach the level of heavily contaminated soil. Waste Management The principal method of waste treatment in Bratislava region is incineration in the city, incinera- tor that is going to be upgraded and reconstructed. The incineration residues (solid particular matter, clinker) are treated at the landfill site of the construction category III. near Pezinok. A serious problem of this area is the environmental impact of old unregistered landfill sites in various city districts. One of the most dangerous is gudrone landfill site in Devinska Nova Ves and also the waste from former CHZJD (Chemical works) in the natural bed in Mlynsky arm of the River Maly Dunaj near Vrakufia. The prob- lem of remediation of these landfill sites has not been solved yet. The largest waste producer in this area is Slovnaft a.s. Since the incinerator in this plant does not fulfill the demands of emission limits, the con- struction of the new incinerator with the capacity of 12 000 t.p.a. is prepared. The region occupies the area of Podunajska Highland with the part of Trnava and Podunajska Plain with the parts of Galanta and Sal'a districts. The axis of this region is broad flood plain of the River Vah. 46 The environmental impact is mostly from agriculture (food production), energy and chemical industries. In this endangered region, there are 162 000 inhabitants living in 20 settlements, out of which five are municipal. The region occupies the area of 384 km2. Air Pollution Table 50 The largest sources of air pollution in Trnava-Galanta region according to the emissions of basic air pollutants from 1996 to 1997 (t per year) The basic characteristics of main producers of air PoUatfoa source : • SPM SO, : 'NO, •1.-:.1 CO 199« 1997 19S7 I9SS 1997 1996 \m pollution sources and pollutants Duak>8^.SaEV 674.7 632.0 2 479.2 2 293.7 2 0S7.7 1672.5 102.5 94.7 ZEZJ..p.Brat*lava, 50.3 aoj 76S.8 281.9 I82J 107.1 24.4 214 • The emission of basic pollutants from all sources Heating plant : Trnava in this endangered region was 9 840 t in 1997 CUKOS»^. 19Z0 220.4 230.9 196.7 70.2 62.1 10Z9 86.5 SUdlajviJovo • From other pollutants, Duslo Sal'a a.s. emitted Sugar Factory S. p. 28J 454.9 467.8 80.6 83.1 62 6.3 Tnara ammonia (341 tonnes per year in 1996 and 1997) Source: SHMU ' The secondary source of air pollution caused by SPM pollutants is the leach sludge pit. Water Pollution Table 51 The largest sources of surface water pollution in Trnava-Galanta endangered region according to selected indicators of discharged pollutants in 1996 and 1997 Basic characteristics of the quality of surface water- Pollution Source BOD,tperyear CODfv t per year SS t per year IS t per year 19M 1997 1S97 1996 1997 1996 1S97 courses at the checkpoints in 1997 Doslo a.
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