), pines ( Pinus babylonia Salix

TARNDANYA WOMMA: 409 in both Lake Torrens postcards, the postcards, Torrens both Lake in November 1905”, depicting an assembly depicting November 1905”, today looking south-east towards the Corporation’s the Corporation’s towards south-east looking today Figures Figures

3.0 PARK LANDS AND SQUARES ilway Station building. Note also ilway Station building. ‘Italica’). Source: private collection. collection. private Source: ‘Italica’). e former Adelaide Rowing Clubhouse, and a mess of railway sheds in the the in railway sheds a mess of Rowing Clubhouse, and Adelaide e former Torrens edges and activities. egiate rowing day, hand dated “23 day, hand egiate rowing nigra

Populus Two period postcards of the Lake Two period postcards of the Flat area Pinky the from taken scene a 1905 Above: original cattle yards and the cattle yard buildings, a low ‘Victoria Bridge’deceptively hidden in the image, with a in the foreground. family of swans coll during a taken Below: a scene ( Poplars Italian ssp), and of college rowing boats but with th boats but with of college rowing Ra up towards the background leading ( Willows Weeping including Lake the flank of southern of the edge the along trees

en

Dovyalis [ 6 sugar ], 4 rhmanus ], 4 aberias Populus alba [ , 2 pittosporums ], ] [sic.] (Anon 1901, azedarach var ed the plant firmly with ll to the strains of had been specially made pseudoacacia es, enthusiastic applause oleander ssp] Melia across to protect the site from [ Robinia Cytisus Nerium fixed by the Duchess, with first [ Juglans nigra [ ent used was silverplated, and the [ [ ) on the northern mounds of 1902, p. 30). 3 upright poplars ], Cortaderia selloana [ 1 cytisus Report ], 4 white cedars 7 oleanders platypoda to the Duke, said that it l strip of land along the southern flanks ], 3 white acacias ceregal suites present the hi ving been sunk the Duke ti ssp], to oval ornamentation, and three hearty cheers, led plant trees in honour of t heir visit, and their Royal Duchess of Cornwall were asked by His Excellency, tion Buildings. During the visit to Adelaide ], er was again busy re-contouring this land and er was again busy re-contouring this land . His Royal Highness said so. From the mound Baths was the “Railway Cutting”; an incision nd, shifting the “horse lawn-mower shed” to Annual these banks, setting out couch grass, shifting Ulmus procera , and in the prepared hole he held a strong young repens [ the area was left undeveloped and fenced off var molle lneus , a fig tree native of New South Wales, while His Royal the opening of Parliament. To perform this of the association, Sir Edwin Smith. Mr. W. Gill, at the rear of Old Survey stables, about 40 ] , 1 pampas grass Cupressus ] [sic] ( aeria popu [ Coprosma [ est. A spot was selected on the north-western mound overlooking of honour, under Capt. Bourne, moved stance a second fig tree was securely Schinus : and blue ribbon, of polished walnut homeward. The blade of the implem [ Ficus platypoda 4 cupressus ROYALTY HAS AN ARBOR DAY. Brachychiton [ [Amorpha ssp ], Dovyalis caffra [ 1902, pp. 29, 31). These “ornamental shrubs and trees” included: ssp], 1 English elm [ Register The Report Platanus cladocalyx 3 sterculias [ , 1 amorpha ssp], 2 pepper trees ssp], Annual ssp] 1903, p. 27; 1906, p. 42; 1907, pp. 54, 56; 1909, p. 48). 1907, pp. 54, 56; 1909, 1903, p. 27; 1906, 42; Eucalyptus ; and hedge of aberia ] [ Report Rhamnus Pittosporum ‘Pyramidalis’], Trees—3 planes gums [ caffra [ australasica ]. Shrubs—7 caprosmas handle, decorated with red, white, the immense crowd. Attended by whole royal and vi national anthem. Lord Tennyson, in handing the spade spade and then red ribbon.previously Her planted a palm at the Botanic Gardens. Royal Highness had Tree guards were at once put over the newest additions by Sir Edwin Smith, were given. The trees will grow and entered their carriag royal party passed down to the north of tennis courts accompanying them on their drive p. 32) Towards the close of the demonstration the Duke and the Governor, on behalf of the Cricket Association, to Highnesses readily acceded to the requ for the purpose, and was the gift of the president specimen of the Ficus australis Highness heaped the soil around roots. A stake ha a red ribbon. At an appropriate di asphalt tennis courts, and the guard Conservator of Forests, superintended the planting to Melbourne open parliament in the Exhibi Annual better locations ( In 1901 the Corporation gained an additional sm all portion of land to south-west of the Rotunda Reserve from the state Government. Pelz the depressions in before establishingfilling lawns and planting “a variety of ornamental shrubs and trees.” Between the Rotunda Reserve and the that enabled railway access from the Railway Station to the Jubilee Exhibition Oval and showgrounds. Pelzer re-contoured both sides of barb wire and picket wire-netting fencing arou the royal couple stayed at Government House, and ventured across to on 5 July 1901 to plant two Small-leaved Moreton Bag Figs ( Ficus the Oval, as reported by route 1901 was the year of ’s federation and function, the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall & York travelled through Adelaide in July 1901 Two years later the Corporation obtained an additiona Lake Torrens. This time it was “a strip of land feet [12.2m] wide,” which was proposed for planting and lawns by the Corporation. Notwithstanding this desire Pelzer reported that (

West. It is West. nnington Gardens nnington mens in the both Gardens to both Gardens mens in the ch detail of its internal pathway detail of its internal pathway ch of pathways, the old power line, and old power line, of pathways, the TARNDANYA WOMMA: 410 gravel pathways, the tramway and tramway poles, a wide a poles, tramway and tramway the pathways, gravel Road depicting the newly established Gardenesque style style Gardenesque newly established the depicting Road Figure as shifting semi-mature speci semi-mature shifting as

3.0 AND SQUARES , and the old power line in the right centre. centre. right in the power line old the and , 1900-1910 depicting scenes around Pe around depicting scenes 1900-1910 c. ated timber structures at the junctions the at structures timber ated Pennington Gardens West providing mu West providing Pennington Gardens ured postcards from Two period water-colo very clear from these images that Pelzer, in creating Pennington Gardens West and Creswell Gardens, kept kept Gardens, Creswell and West Gardens Pennington creating in Pelzer, that images these from clear very well as on site trees plantation original the of several character. and atmosphere established give an postcard of a water-coloured Above: rustic plantings, shrub tree and design, in the trees Gardens. mature the extensive William down King looking southwards Below: a scene its sweeping with to the right West Gardens Pennington centre in the promenade or drive carriage straight collection. private Source:

ssp) and 1 ssp) street ], 4 white cedars ) along King Platanus 1904, pp. 9-10, 39, Fraxinus 1903, pp. 28-29). aphylla orientalis t’s grave in as Tamarix 1899-1900, p. 296; 1901, p. 44; 1899-1900, p. 296; Platanus Annual Report ssp], 3 lagunarias [ Lagunaria ssp], 3 lagunarias Report 1903, p. 46) 1903, 1905, p. 7; 1907, 15; Cameron 1997, 1903, pp. 25, 44, 45; australisca ) and 4 ash ( Populus Annual Report ], 5 tamarisks [ erect the “Anchor” style of sawn jarrah g the length of northern embankment of with the interior fence being removed totally ds replaced in Oval Road. In 1904 the ds replaced in Oval Road. In 1904 the ssp] along the “river banks” and “1 tamarisk” k Torrington Ellery profiled the King William k Torrington out the in 1836. Erected by and Campbell’s staff. During 1900-01 post and 1900-01 post and Campbell’s staff. During th 39 panels of white painted picket and barbed Report ing also occurred around select street trees in g used in this instance is not stated by Pelzer. ees and shrubs to the Corporation in the early a cost of £510. The Committee expected the “the finest of any public thoroughfare in was deferred. But in 1903 the Corporation re- by the state Governor Le Hunte on 27 November £1,000, and architects Messrs Garlick Silbley & Salix scription on the pedestal reading “Colonel William ssp) were being sourced annually from the Woods procera Annual Annual azedarach var Populus Melia lin Street, and not on top of Ligh ssp], 1 elm { Ulmus Pinus ) post and wire fencing. The style consisted of six-wire fencing with jarrah 1902, p. 13; 1903, 11; 1904, ) and 5 shrubs at the Rotunda Reserve together with 5 Planes ( var australisca ] and 2 willows [ Report rach ) in King William Road ( ) in King William Road procera marginata aphylla Annual azeda Ulmus Eucalyptus Tamarix Melia William Road in the same year. Tree root trench Road and Frome Road. Town Cler King William Road – its “shapely rows” - and Frome Australia” - tree-lined avenues in two lantern slide lectures in August and September 1904. There was also the planting of “133 various poplars [ trees were planted along Penning ton Terrace, 25 Plane Trees ( patersonii ], 17 pines [ Fencing works also continued to occupy Pelzer’s wire near the Rotunda. Why barbed is bein The matter of a suitable statue honouring Colone l Light arose in Corporation debates 1902 but with the lack of available funds matter confirmed its commitment to the project as also the past guarantee of £1,000 from the state Government. In the following year Corporat ion again re-affirmed its commitment to the Road at the project but this time proposed that the statue be positioned in King William intersection of Flinders and Frank [ rail fencing on was again replaced rail fencing on this time. New fencing was also erected in the “Oval paddock” of 30 post and 4 wire panels 69 panels of fencing with barbed wire was proposed for the western boundary Rotunda Reserve and at the “Railway Cutting” together wi The “catching yard” opposite St Peters Cathedral was shifted in 1902 to a site on “Montefiore Hill Road,” new post and rail fencing erected alon and tree guar the /Karrawirra Parri, 1906 ( & Forests nurseries. A further 92 trees were planted along the “banks of River Torrens” in 1903. In addition, 5 white cedars ( Corporation commissioned fencing contractors to ( posts 3.6m apart. George Wills & Co was the appointed contractor and fencing both sides of Montefiore Road was included in his first contract ( 1902, p. 31; 1904, 74; 1905, pp. 41, 55). ( originally envisaged. The newly constituted Committee, including Superintendent of Public Owen Smyth, Sir , Under Secretary LH Sholl, RK Thomas, Buildings CE and the Master of School Design, HP Gill, wasted no time with the task calling for designs for both the statue and a new grave memorial received nine for the statue and 13 for was awarded to Scottish sculptor bronze statue, 2.7m high, the memorial. The commission for a of W Birnie Rhind of Edinburgh for a tender Wooldridge were responsible for the pedestal at an in statue to be unveiled in early 1906 with Light first surveyor general, fixed the site and laid citizens 1906” [sic.]. The statue was unveiled pp. 47-53). In 1903 a review of all Corporation depots and rubbish tips in the Park Lands noted that there was no rubbish tips located in Tarndanya Womma/Park 26 ( Various members of the public were donating tr 1900s, and most of the new Poplars ( ( elm ( 63-64, 65).

taken from Montefiore Hill

TARNDANYA WOMMA: 411 enesque landscape in the Gardens and the pavilions and and the pavilions and Gardens in the landscape enesque Figures blished tree plantings along the River Torrens/Karrawirra Torrens/Karrawirra River the along plantings tree blished 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS AND SQUARES .1900-1910 is a photograph postcard .1900-1910 is a photograph c urce: Mortlock Library B7595. coloured postcard from coloured postcard from r’s Cathedral looking south-west over Pennington Gardens West Gardens over Pennington south-west looking era photograph from St Pete r’s Cathedral .1900 c looking towards the spires of St Peters Cathedral indicating the mature Gardenesque landscape in the in the landscape Gardenesque mature the indicating Cathedral Peters St of spires the looking towards foreground. Source: private collection. a Below: Gard established the Oval indicating the Adelaide and Above,a period water- esta very the with Oval leasehold, the within Stands So to the rear. corridor Parri

Platanus Annual Dovaylis [ ts and annuals. 1904, pp. 39, 63, 53; 1910, p. 22). ssp) on Montefiore Pelzer reports little on zes, and one large flower 1906, pp. 61, 63; 1907, 1906, pp. 61, Pinus Report ) trees, 5 planes ( 1907, p. 71). 1907, p. 71). Report molle Annual Report rious herbaceous pan Annual aeria var ]” were again planted in 1905, and ]” were again planted in 1905, and Annual /Karrawirra Parri in 1905. “50 various /Karrawirra Parri in on fence between the Garden and the 1905, p. 53; 1907, ( budget. Surprising budget. Surprising ssp) along both the north and south sides d in with soil, so as to form a gradual slope. , of various shapes and si he Reserve from the Oval Reserve. A large rockery he Reserve from the Oval e ground. In the following year a 215 Kaffir Report concerts.” In 1907 the Corporation resolved to The planting of pedestrian avenues on Victoria Drive, as well Weeping Willows Populus nd the Rotunda in 1905, “which had been very babylonica procera ) “so as to allow free circulation of air ssp) in 1906 together with the replacement of 24 inued. Some 150 trees were planted along the e gardens in Brougham and Palmer Places” id out and planted. A hedge of Kaffir apple Salix Annual Pinus Ulmus nnington Gardens West’ in 1907 in honour of nnington Gardens West’ in 1907 mmarises the development of this Garden: ; 1906, pp. 41, 62; 1907, p. 55). ; 1906, pp. 41, lishment of two clumps pines ( ) trees in King William Road due to damage and age ( rk of creating Pennington Gardens West. He fenced the land off northern portion of the garden ) along King William Road in 1904, together with a thorough t, trenched, and planted with Cannas, va Parri banks, 6 Pepper ( Schinus ssp) and pines ( procera ) hedge was planted along the divisi Ulmus Platanus orientalis ssp], 23 weeping willows [ ) on the north bank of River Torrens caffra has been planted along the fence which divides t ] Pennington Park West.—In this new garden 12 beds Seven large lawns of couch grass have been la has also been erected in the border have been laid ou The steep bank along King William Road has been fille caffra 1904, p. 63; 1905, pp. 42-43, 54 babylonica Salix the garden establishment works in Pennington Gardens West compared to the East. Establishing the West Gardens was on his list of tasks in 1906 ( shifted fencing to accommodate these works. These works included ploughing and harrowing, removal of the “steep bank on the western side … planting Couch grass according to plan which I have submitted to you.” He also expressed a wish for additional funds commence Pennington Gardens West in the following In 1903-10 Pelzer commenced the creation and renov ation of several gardens in Park Lands. turned to Pennington Gardens East, that heIn 1904 his attention proposed to be “grassed and planted with shrubs and flowers similar to th pp. 12, 43, 63). 66; 1905, p. 41; 1906, and band concerts in the 1900s The Rotunda Reserve remained a popular venue fo r gatherings and 1910s. Pelzer had to replace the lawn arou ssp) and 1 Elm ( between the branches,” and estab Hill. Pelzer prioritised the planting of Poplars ( of the River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri and along ( In 1906 Pelzer started initial wo pp. 52, 56, 72). Pelzer’s 1907 report su much worn by people congregating there during King William Road elms ( pruning of the from the “Oval paddock” and started harrowing th name the ‘Rotunda Reserve’ ( ‘’ Street and garden planting activities also cont River Torrens/Karrawirra poplars [ Populus primarily poplars ( Populus Oriental Plane ( Apple ( Dovyalis paddock, a rockery erected, couch grass planted and flower beds established with summer annuals and the land was duly named ‘Pe Colonization Commissioner James Pennington. the ‘paddock’ was also proposed ( Montefiore Hill, through Report

) australisca var azedarch

ee stock from the Corporation’s Corporation’s from the ee stock Melia

TARNDANYA WOMMA: 412 d by Pelzer, and initial plantings in the in initial plantings d by Pelzer, and ) to the bottom left on the ridge above Pinky Pinky above ridge the on left bottom to the ) camaldulensis semi-matureWhite Cedar (

Figures

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS AND SQUARES to Light’s Vision. Source: private collection. private collection. Vision. Source: Light’s to way system, as develope system, as way .1910 obviously using semi-mature tr obviously using semi-mature .1910 Eucalyptus c al, Creswell Gardens, Lake Torrens banks, and Elder Park taken from a from Park taken Elder banks, and Torrens Lake Gardens, al, Creswell riod postcard depicting a depicting riod postcard blished by Pelzer in blished .1907. Note the established path Note the .1907. c Nursery that is extant today linking the Gardens Gardens linking the today extant is that Nursery Plat. Source: Mortlock Library B34765. Library Mortlock Plat. Source: pe Below: a water-coloured esta pedestrian avenue Gardens, and a grove of River Red Gums ( Gums Red grove of River and a Gardens, Above: a photograph of Adelaide Ov of Adelaide a photograph Above: balloon in

Report Report Phoenix

Melia Annual Annual ) on Montefiore Hill, as the two other blocks on anting for this season, with the ass and laid out in irregular 1909, p. 44). 1909, p. 44). now present a very pleasing involved will indirectly prove pseudoacacia Report Robinia Annual ises to be as attractive in addition to the hedging. In the centre of in Rosa ssp), 15 climbers and 18 palms ( der Park were heartily endorsed by various the fountain and the bank, rockeries are to be formed, these positive reviews of his park and garden 1907, pp. 71, 73; 1908, p. 44). 1907, pp. 71, 73; 1908, days, and some 1,500-2,500 adults 250-750 show a keen appreciation of the value lawns and ce, which forms the inter-section of four paths, a is being planted with couch gr age of 4,000-5,500 adults and 350-400 children used Report (Unknown newspaper article, 24 May 1909 cited in the city is made the greater is the likelihood of it becoming a still The Advertiser somewhat extensive programme of pl nnington Park, and Osmond Park nnington ( Annual ks around Adelaide, but the outlay ) that were planted in the ‘Adelaide Oval Reserve,’ referring to another 1909, p. 44). 1909, p. 44). Report

The City Council has embarked on a object of further beatifying the par reproductive, because the more attractive more popular rendezvous for visitors. To begin with, that portion of Pennington Park, south of the Adelaide Oval road [Creswell Gardens], the east and west of King William Road Annual appearance. It is worthy of note that the public flower beds, and it is satisfactory to know that the blooms are scarcely every interfered with. Additional beauty might be introduced into Pe nnington Park by the simple device of interspersing among the flower beds a few small lakes and fountains shaped gardens. A fountain is being erected near t he Oval gate, and a pathway has been cut down and along the river bank near the lake’s edge. Between and by the time the summer is here this new garden prom Brougham Gardens, Elder Park, Pe Pennington Gardens West daily during the week children used Elder Park daily during the week da ys rising to 2,500 and 500 respectively for latter on Sundays. The second quotation refers to the development of Creswell Gardens and one of the ex-1885 International Exhibition fountains that was relocated into the Garden by donation by the late Premier Hon Thomas Price. The second quotation also refers to bank sloping and levelling works occurring to th e immediate west of Adelaide Bridge ( creation, and Cohen continuously used these reviews to support his desire beatify and improve the city landscape. Such reviews wer e also supported by user figures that Pelzer obtained in 1909 that recorded an aver rustic rose bower” was erected. A new entrance to the Garden, then fenced around its perimeter, was also created in the north-west corner, and six garden seats were positioned Garden. Additional planting included 72 white acacias ( referring to the establishment of a tree lined pedestrian avenue, and 15 white cedars ( azedararch var australasica tree-lined pedestrian avenue being planted in the future Creswell Gardens as well the erection of painted cast-iron opening posts ( Gardens West and El The plantings in Pennington period letters to the editor that Mayor Lewis Cohen eagerly incorporated into his Pelzer would have been exceedingly pleased with 1909, pp. 45-46, 48, 49). the Garden, Pelzer created a “large circular spa ssp) had been planted in Pennington Gardens West Thus by 1908 some 15 trees, 96 shrubs, 100 roses ( Thus by 1908 some 15 trees, 96 shrubs, of 1909:

tablished by Pelzer along Festival Centre site dated 1903. dated 1903. site Centre Festival

TARNDANYA WOMMA: 413

) are also growing alongsidetheedge Lake procera

e plantation line of trees es Ulmus

treeson theescarpment former of the railway line iam Road west side, young King Will iam west side, ) established along Road young Figure Figure

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS AND SQUARES orientalis

City Baths, King William Road, and the Platanus d. Source: Campbell 1998, pp.18-19. Source: d. Note the young Oriental Plane trees ( trees Plane Oriental young the Note mature the Elder bandstand, around the tree plantings dens the thence and old powerline, north-south behind, the the bandstan of in front and walk the northern flank of the Baths. Mature English Elms ( Elms English Mature Baths. of the flank the northern Extract of a photograph featuring the Extract of a photograph

Annual ‘Aurea’) ‘Aurea’) Rosa ssp) ) that was planted ornamental fountain with various alpine and ssp), constructed the out around the fountain 1909, pp. 63, 64, 65; the Oval fence fro the purpose of been erected, a good view of the Phoenix Report Rosa spp) in various beds ( Phoenix dactylifera Annual access path to the Oval across Creswell s been erected and planted a garden with an area of 1.6ha. Further to he foot of the rockery, and rustic guard-railings have d 5 palms have been planted about the lawns and d flower-beds have been laid to alter the location of the south-eastern cricket and other sports. He was honoured in cricket sign and its proposed location. The arch-sign during these years. Creswell’s talent was in ener, August Pelzer, reported that “two 10-feet the committees of SACA, Adelaide Chamber flower bed, planted a hedge of Kaffir Apple te John Creswell.” Suggestions included a new tioned by the Secretary of John Creswell ad resulting in Pelzer planting a rose ( ad resulting in Pelzer South Australian Football Association, played for In addition, iron hoop fencing and wire-netting recesses in which rustic seats have his youth, served as Secretary of the Adelaide Oval Bowling a short hedge of Golden Privet ( Ligustrum lucidum 23, 51, 52, 53; 1911, p. 64). 1911, 23, 51, 52, 53; about 20 feet [6m] high has been transplanted from Victoria Drive to ], ‘accent gateway’ date palm ( 1909, pp. 63, 64). 1909, pp. 63, 64). dactyifera Report Phoenix [ Annual ) along the western boundary, lowered the ( caffra CRESWELL PARK.—Five lawns of various sizes have been planted here. AnCRESWELL has been erected in the centre of one the lawns, an

been erected along this path—with two and planted. Two large shrub and flower-borders ha ve been laid out and planted along hiding the fence. Along the bank of Torrens Lake a large rockery ha other plants. A winding path has been formed along t Lake and the rockery is obtained from these seats. A date palm this Park. Fifty-three various trees, 133 shrubs an borders 1909, pp. 63, 64, 65; 1910, Dovyalis 1910, p. 23; 1911, 64). In “Creswell Park” and on the embankment to Lake Torrens the works were more extensive, as follows: In November 1909 the Corporation was peti Memorial Committee, JA Riley, to erect a “sign-board with the words ‘Creswell Park’ on it.” The petition included an amateur sketch of the was installed in October 1910. The City Gard [3.0m] gates have been erected” in this Garden so whether this was a mistake or two signs erected is unclear but only one sign appears in subsequent documentation. John Creswell was an Adelaide businessman with a strong passion for his death Secretary of SACA from 1883 until the since demolished Creswell Stand, and served as in 1909. He was one of the founders the South Park Football Club during Club together with other sporting associations organising events whether small, sporting or for the Royal Agricultural & Horticultural Society Annual Shows. Following his untimely death of Commerce and the Royal Agricultural & Horticultural Society met to discuss “the best method of perpetuating the memory of la pavilion at the Oval as well a Garden (Swanbury Penglase Architects 2001, ART: 001). Pelzer reported on these improvements in greater detail. In Pennington Gardens West, during an additional 26 trees, 20 shrubs, and 1 palm tree ( 1909, he planted north-western access pathway 3m wide, and had entrance due to the widening of the Oval Ro This quotation answers where one in Victoria Drive 1886 was relocated to. fencing was erected at Creswell Gardens resulting in these works, Pelzer laid out a 10.6m diameter ( Report hedge along the northern flank of the Road. He had also to relocate all fencing along Oval Road posts and 3 passenger posts” resulting in a resulting in its re-erection together with “67 opening park of some 2.1ha and later planted and erected a “rustic pergola” near the western perimeter ( Gardens by 30cm to enable better drainage, and planted roses (

) Dovyalis Salix babylonica Salix walkway railings, random random railings, walkway

TARNDANYA WOMMA: 414 ACC Archives HP 1354. HP ACC Archives rdens that Pelzer established in c.1908, which rdens that Pelzer established in 1910 at a cricket match day. Note the Creswell day. Note match 1910 at a cricket with its rusticatedtimber Figures

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS AND SQUARES from restraining pedestrians posts the white painted , been planted. Source: and succulent shrubberies, Weeping Willow ( Weeping shrubberies, and succulent eswell Gardens” in c. eswell Gardens” Gardens’ embankment ga Gardens’ embankment ) demarking the Oval leasehold from the Gardens. Source: private collection collection private Source: Gardens. the from leasehold Oval the demarking ) caffra ‘Creswell Below: a photograph of the Drive, Memorial War of the development to was prior shrub mixed flowering walling, rubble stone Above: photograph of the “Oval & Cr the “Oval of Above: photograph beds garden flower circular four its Fountain with ( Apple Kaffir the today, Gate Creswell the ssp near Eucalyptus extant the lawns, Garden the accessing specimen to the far right, and young trees having right, and far the to specimen

with a different base water bowl, a bowl, water different base a with Exhibition Building on North Terrace. on North Exhibition Building lzer. Source: ACC Archives HP0596. Source: ACC Archives lzer. Figures Figures constructed by Pe constructed by far right, metal hoop ssp to fencing the around the perennial Eucalyptus well Gardens in 1928 depicting the fountain 1928 depicting well Gardens in ), the extant Phoenix dactylifera Phoenix

Date Palm ( Palm Date Note the small base water bowl compared to that re to compared bowl base water small Note the Below: a photograph of Cres np. within. Source: Anon 1928, lawns beds with garden annual and ally erectedas origin ally in frontthe Creswell Fountain Above: of the former

) to Phoenix dactylifera Phoenix .1910 a structure since .1910 a structure c

e public domain in Adelaide at the at the e public domain Adelaide in TARNDANYA WOMMA: 415 Refreshment Kiosk. Note the Date Palm Kiosk. Refreshment Date Palm Note the ) specimens to the right in the lawn that was lawn that the in right the to ) specimens Figures beds around the north-western flank of the Rotunda. flank of the north-western the around beds 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS AND SQUARES e complex. Note the mature Date Palm ( Palm Date mature Note the complex. e n landscape design being applied in th being design landscape n newly erected Elder Park Refreshment Kiosk, taken in taken Kiosk, Refreshment Park Elder erected newly ) and Mexican Washingtonia ( fiflifera Mexican ) and 1915 photograph of the newly erected Elder Park erected Elder newly 1915 photograph of the c. dactylifera

Phoenix demolished to make way for the Festival Theatr Festival the make way for to demolished Above: a photograph of the of the a photograph Above: indicative of an exotic early Edwardia garden annual and perennial the with together time HP0296. and Archives HP1151 Source: ACC the right in a bed of shrubbery. shrubbery. of in a bed right the Below: another (

1910, p.

Report 1909, p. 48; [4.6m²], Sequoia [ Report ound was laid out, k. Various trees, shrubs,

Annual apes have been laid out closed pavilion in the centre, ass and fitted with folding 1910, pp. 51, 52). 1910, pp. 51, Annual Madden & So, at £1,083 17s., Report Annual ( iosk, the surrounding gr tenders were received for the erection of the Kiosk, will be provided. The roof is to of a red a handsome tiled floor. Provision will be made also l land to extend the Park, and in 1908 Mayor ootpaths, including a path leading from the newly- northern terrace of the Kios ill add very considerably to the beauty of this win Thomas Smith and first leased to Misses x flower beds of various sh thusiastically taken up by Senator Vardon and poration allocated a budget of £100 to Pelzer on three sides with half gl will be a kitchen, servery, and cellar, at the dertook considerable landscape development. would operate the restaurant. In meantime, £1,000 towards the cost of a “refreshment £1,000 he Lake and the surrounding Parks, and building isting Rotunda some 6m wide and added an n drainage swale and covered it with jarrah completed, occupy an area of 50 feet square improvement ideas in the 1900s and 1910s. The rtion will be in the form of a verandah with stairs from it leading to £1,314, and that of Messrs. A.R. ) in the Park to encourage their growth ( 1909, p. 23). 1909, p. 23). 1908, pp. 19, 44; 1909, 7, 47; 1910, 6, 53). molle var Report Report , etc., have been planted on the lawns aeria ssp] ) decking, and erected cast iron opening posts. In the following year he Annual stained and varnished externally and oil-stained inside. The en Annual ], ( Schinus Phoeni [ marginata ELDER GARDEN.—After the completion of K ELDER GARDEN.—After The site of the Kiosk commands a fine view t itself will be of artistic design. It will, when x octagonal in form, with the centre portion enclosed doors and sliding sashes. The outer po the terrace on four sides of the Kiosk. At rear southern end of the verandah accommodation for ladies compressed fibre cement tiles, and the whole of woodwork Californian red pine sempervirens was accepted forming three lawns of various sizes and shapes, and f erected Torrens Lake landing stage to the Kiosk. Si and planted, and a rockery built along the foot of palms as well the ladies’ cloakroom and kitchen, will have the process ranging from £1,083 to for the storage of extra chairs. Mr. Alfred Wells, Architect, prepared the design. Nine Eucalyptus 1910, pp. 22, 24). Pelzer made a lot out of the £100 budget and un He also erected new fencing, filled in an ope ( regraded and sowed lawn near the City Baths er ecting three new seats, and pruned the extant Pepper trees ( 53; 1911, p. 64). Works in 1910 included constructing a boat landing stage below the new Kiosk: Elder Park continued to be a focus of city Corporation continually attempted to gain additiona Lewis Cohen first proposed “a refreshment kiosk and rest-house” to be erected. This proposal assumed that a tenant was costed at £1,000 and Pelzer created a new path surrounding the ex popular reserve” ( The detailed version of this Kiosk was stated as: The kiosk was opened on 17 March 1910 by Sir Ed years at a rental of £156 per annum” to provide the Dodd & McMullen for a period of “three refreshments. In advance of the opening Cor to undertake a garden around the new structure. Architect Alfred Wells was also designing the the same timeWest Terrace band stand, ( in Wirranendi/Park 23, at additional flower bed. Cohen’s suggestion was en additional flower bed. Cohen’s suggestion Cohen was pleased to report in late 1909 that the Kiosk was “now course of Kiosk.” Thus erection and will be a handsome structure, which w Sir Edwin Thomas Smith, with Smith donating

1996, p. 93; SLSA B2099. 1996, p. 93; TARNDANYA WOMMA: 416 ons, indicating the retention of its Elizabethan of its Elizabethan retention the ons, indicating Torrens in Tarndanya Womma/Park 26 following Womma/Park 26 following Tarndanya in Torrens er in creating the ‘Barr Smith Walk’. Note the regular the regular Note Walk’. Smith the ‘Barr creating er in Figures stem. Source: Moreton Moreton stem. Source:

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS AND SQUARES and Lake. ‘Walk’ the the edge of lining trees ‘Pyramidalis’) alba

Populus .1915 photograph of the south bank of the Lake of the south bank the .1915 photograph of c .1910 photograph of the City Baths, following renovati Baths, the City .1910 photograph of c Above: a Pelz by activities planting construction and completion of Poplar ( White fastigiated semi-mature style façade, electricity poles, and the Victorian era cast iron electricity posts erected in the centre of King King of centre in the erected posts electricity iron cast era Victorian the and poles, electricity façade, style sy tramway electrified William Street to service the Source: ACC Archives HP1693. Archives HP1693. Source: ACC a Below:

1910, Canna [ Annual Report Cupresssus [ which was , cannas Cortaderia [ Annual anniversary th ( know that as a result of s in the vicinity of reeds, etc., and was a and the steep banks graded, etc. A row of upright [3,556kg], e rockeries near the City horizontalis ],

Phoenix ssp] [ ‘Fastigiata’) line ‘Barr , 11 March 1910 cited in ars, and they have all been for the p. 48; 1910, pp. 6, 23, 24, 51, p. 48; 1910, and attractive work, and by his the Garden from the railway land. City Council, and the improvement taken up and removed to Elder mollis simonii

) from the corner of Frome Road he northern side of the newly-formed path. A Lambertiana Acanthus The Advertiser [ ty, and it is interesting to about to bring the immediate surroundings of that wns and parterres of flower dactylifera nd has now been cleared, e and along the Lake frontage has been laid out as a King William Road, in the vicinity of Cathedral, rsh mellows, castor oil trees, nce the picturesqueness of the landscape. Creswell aces under the control of the Municipality … The the Corporation to undertake landscape sion works as follows, noting the relocation of anding of Sir Edwin Thomas Smith’s and Barr ke. Improvement works also continued at the Cupressus on 11 March 1910 wrote in glowing terms an house and new turnstile were erected installed Phoenix ptitude for his interestingptitude ‘Italica’ or Populus and planted with groups of Pampas grass ke frontage near the new landing stage ssp], Acanthus ecial a ], weighting about three-and-a-half tons p. 41; 1907, pp. 54, 56; 1909, p. 41; 1907, pp. 54, 56; 1909, receiving special attention from the anted with various trees, shrubs, palms Road and Victoria Drive, has been [3.65m] wide, has been formed, and the area between this path and the Bambusa The Advertiser Populus nigra has been planted along the fence dividing [ Phoenix dactylifera 1910, p. 23). 1910, p. 23). [ ‘Lambertiana’] Populus alba ‘Pyramidalis’] has been planted on t , variegated bamboos Report ] [ , and other herbaceous plants. A hedge of the enterprises of the council Cathedral chapter are Annual gardens and the other cultivated plots on each side of have completely changed the aspect of that part Ci edifice more into consonance wit their environment [sic.] ( skill he has completely transformed many of the sp Torrens has within late years been in the land along its banks has been marked. The la kiosk and the rotunda are the favourite resort of th ousands people, and bridge and the adjacent plantations all help to enha dumping place for old tins, brick bats, etc. The grou so as to form a gentle slope, and pl p. 51). There have been many changes in Adel aide during the last four or five ye better … The City Gardener has a sp garden. This area was originally overgrown with ma That portion of garden west of the band stand reserv A winding pathway, twelve feet selloana poplars large date palm Garden and planted on the lawn on the La water’s edge filled in and couch-grass lawns, ssp] macrocarpa growing near the corner of Frome 1903, p. 27; 1906, 42; 1908,

Perhaps not to be outdone by the Smith donation and reflecting the charitable nature of this period, Mr Thomas Barr Smith donated £450 to improvement works on the land originally transferred to Corporation in 1903 along the edge of Lake Torrens. This sum was spent on vari ous works including the establishment of the 35 specimen “Populus Fastigiata” ( Smith Walk’ along the southern flank of La Adelaide Oval in the 1900s and 1910s. A tea in 1908. Mayor Lewis Cohen heightened the st Smith’s donations, together with Angas’ and Simpson’s donations, to the 70 Of these gardens improvements article entitled ‘Our Beautiful City – Progress and Expansion A Model Metropolis’: an 1886-planted ‘accent gateway’ date palm ( celebration of the City. By this time Elder Park consisted on 3.8ha of developed park ( Report 52; 1917, pp. 28-29, 41). Pelzer described the Elder Park landscape exten and Victoria Drive to the site:

The The Report Report ) and elderly alba Annual Annual ‘Italica’ or Populus e lawns of the Park Licensing Act. Populus macrophylla ) of which 12 the latter Ficus Populus nigra TARNDANYA WOMMA: 417 cladocalyx ly on the southern flank. As part of these Flat’ and he commenced planting in this area s erected to a design by CW Rutt. On 18 May sign was created, resulting in an ideal setting st of £1,250 and various other improvements st of £1,250 and at a cost of £404 1/10 enabling increased ttern centred upon the Hill lookout itself. For ttern centred upon the Hill lookout itself. For The roof of the scoreboard was renovated in ted in 1908. With improvements along Lake ted in 1908. With ected, some in Tarndanya Womma/Park 26 and Eucalyptus Australia (LTASA) successfully lodged an and replaced 35 chains of old post rail rk enabling its progressive re-contouring by d River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri also continued Parri also continued d River Torrens/Karrawirra festation. Consequently he removed all these ket matches. The main clumps were formed from st of Wikaparndo Wirra/Park 22 for the purposes orms and consequential River Torrens/Karrawirra the leasehold, SACA regularly undertook 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS AND SQUARES pp. p. 43; 1921, pp. 27, 32; 1922, 1911, p. 91; 1919, ) pedestrian avenue trees because they “are now large ” and to enable activities under the ed a layer of silt 6-12 inches (15-30cm) thick over the Park Report , pp. 50, 65; 1915, p. 36; 1916, p. 43; 1917, pp. 28-29, 41, 45; 41, 45; 1917, pp. 28-29, p. 36; 1916, 43; 50, 65; 1915, , pp. pright poplars (Populus Bolleana)” ( ) on the Hill in 1914 while removing stakes around Annual molle ) and Sugar Gums ( var aeria halepensis 1990, pp. 242-243). 1990, pp. 242-243). azedarach var australasica et al Pinus Melia Schinus ‘fastigiata’) trees establishingWalk along the southern the Barr Smith edge of the Lake but with a road leading up Montefiore Road and then branching to reach Strangways Pennington Terraces resulting in an oval road pa many years only the eastern branch of this road de White Cedar ( enough, and do not require any more support.” He also renewed some 16½ chains of post and the Hill around new treerail fencing on plantings with post and wire fencing ( 83). 1911, p. 63; 1912, 99; 1914, pp. 81, Tree planting along the “banks” of Lake an in the 1910s. Some “30 various trees” were plan to overlook Adelaide Oval and the regular cric Aleppo Pines ( pruned the large Moreton Bay Figs ( were planted in 1912. Pelzer Pepper trees ( Torrens several rowing club boat houses were er some near Jolley’s Boathouse in Karrawirra/. On the southern flank of Lake Torrens, this Park, the Mercantile Rowing Club erected their “new and extensive boat-house” in 1912. Flat’ ‘Montefiore was calling ‘Pinky By 1913 Pelzer proposing clumps of trees together with Lake opposite Victoria the eastern flanks of the Bridge (Morphett Street Bridge). In 1913 he removed fencing in this area with post and wire fencing. The Corporation also continued to dredge the Lake often depositing mud and soil in Elder Pa Pelzer and reclaiming ground from the Lake an d “unsightly weeds, rushes, mud” that existed along its southern and northern shorelines. These works extended th ‘Pyramidalis’). These works a period of prolonged drought in Adelaide were undertaken during that was finally broken by the 18 July 1917 st Parri flood. The flood waters deposit garden soil” by sowing a new layer of couch and Walk Pelzer took advantage of this “good grass throughout and repairing all the post and wire fencing. In the following year Pelzer extended the Walk pathway fully to Victoria Bridge (Morphett Street Bridge) ( 101; 1913 1908, p. 45; 1912, pp. 98, 1918, p. 32). And, at Adelaide Oval, the new scoreboard was completed in 1911, to a design by F Kenneth Milne, together with a new lawn tennis pavilion. same year the Mostyn Evan 1919. In the Stand wa 1920 the Corporation accepted surrender of existing lease for Oval and issued a new lease to SACA for 21 years, but revised the lease clauses on 20 June 1920 to permit the charging of entry fees for “international fixtures bowling club house was completed in 1921 at a co undertaken. Each year since the issuance of maintenance and improvement works to the Associat ion’s facilities and grounds. The existing mounds were “extended and improved” in 1922 crowds to be accommodated ( Marsden 20, 22; In 1914 the Lawn Tennis Association of South application for a 21 year lease of land over mo and reduced the water surface of Lake particular works, Pelzer had earlier planted a line of 35 Populus ‘fastigiata’ ( simonii this specific became susceptible to white ant in trees and replaced them with 35 “u )

) Rosa Report Annual ) trees ) that had Annual ) trees were var australasica molle orientalis

Erythrina ssp, and 62 )—discussed below- Jacaranda mimiosifolia var orientalis azedarach ) and Weeping Willows robur ssp) and 16 roses ( aeria Platanus ssp), 2 Melia 1908, p. 45; 1912, pp. 98, 99; Platanus 1914, pp. 80, 81; 1917, p. 41; aphylla Quercus Malus Schinus Crataegus Report Tamarix Rosa spp) in Pennington Gardens West. spp) were planted in the Park as part of Annual ad continued to give Pelzer some degree of usly written to indicate any pre-envisaged emental improvements to Elder Park. In 1911- t thet Oriental Plane ( £40. In 1917 a “leaf mould pit (10 feet [3.0m] eswell and Pennington West were extended with that a feature was proposed to made of the Hill 16, pp. 29-30, 44, 45; 1917, p. 42; 1919, 47). 44, 45; 1917, 16, pp. 29-30, enced last summer … [and were] also affected ation determined in 1925 to grub out the Pepper Acacia were planted in 1912, additional wire netting was ) were extensively pollarded in 1924 because they tion of tree stress—the Frome Road plantations rred in Pennington Gardens West and Creswell proposed extensive pollarding works during the They had a “very sickly appearance … have alled underground across the Park in 1918 ( alled underground aken select tree clump plantings on the Hill perhaps ssp), 1 English Oak ( molle the Victorian Government Pathologist, DM ), a fungous disease which attacks the young shoots of e replaced by “perambulator openings” ( spp), 2 Hawthorn ( var ; 1914, pp. 80, 81; 1915, p. 76). Acacia Malus , 100; 1913, pp. 49, 62, 64, 65; 1913, pp. 49, 62, , 100; aeria 38; 1925, pp. 15, 33-34, 35). ) and replace them with 7 new Jacaranda trees ( Schinus ) trees in King William Road ( Gleosporium nervisequum ) were pollarded in the rockeries along northern flank of Lake Torrens orientalis aeria var molle Platanus Rosa ssp) in Creswell Garden and some 20 roses ( Schinus 1911, p. 61; 1912, pp. 98, 99 babylonica Salix tree-lined pedestrian avenue commencing on the western flank of Pennington Gardens West. Pelzer appears, in the 1910s, to have undert in advance of a larger landscape design proposal. On the latter, there was nothing in what William O’Brien or John Ednie Brown had previo scheme, and it was only in Light’s original plan In successive years Pelzer continued to make incr 12 he was adding new shrubs to several of the flower borders and re-constructing pathway around the kiosk. Some 4 trees and 74 shrubs erected in the new extended portion of the Park, with a further 40 shrubs being planted and fencing renewed in the following year. Pelzer top dressed the lawns in 1914 with 330 loads of manure and had to extensively pollard 4 elderly Pepper trees ( been indirectly poisoned by arsenic spraying on the old railway line that dissected Park from the City Baths. In the same year 4 wattle trees ( plane trees.” The latter was diagnosed by McAlpine, and to remedy the situation Pelzer winter of 1916. This was not the only observa were also affected—arising from the previous summer drought but it was tree plantation that concerned Pelzer the most. Notwithstanding this conclusion, Pelzer removed and replaced 28 Plane ( 1913, p. 64; 1914, 82; 1915, pp. 67-68, 69; 19 established a White Cedar ( Leading to Montefiore Hill, Pelzer had the 1914 Wattle Day activities together with 2 flowering peach ( planted some 3m from the structure at a cost of within a large shrubbery in the Park. A by 4 feet [1.2m] 5 [1.5m] deep” was established new water line, some 30m long, was also inst Report ( 1914. Pelzer also planted 8 wattles ( along King William Road were under stress. suffered greatly from the severe drought experi with “leaf scorch” ( ssp). These Pepper trees ( 1918, p. 32; 1924, pp. 35-36, Incremental improvements also regularly occu wide path along the flank of Oval was re-contoured in 1912 to Gardens in the 1910s. The reduce stormwater entering the Adelaide Oval leasehold and some additional 11 trees and 32 various shrubs were planted; 4 trees and 32 shrubs were planted in Creswell Gardens. The main path through Creswell Gardens was widened in 1913 and “six additional cast iron opening posts” erected and the planting beds in both Cr iron hoops being positioned around all beds. Tamarisk ( roses ( In 1915 three gates in these Gardens wer 49, 62, 65 pp. 1912, pp. 98, 99; 1913, During the 1910s trees along King William Ro concern as to their health and condition. Some 11 poorly Plane ( replaced in 1908. During 1915 Pelzer noted tha were reputedly causing structural and gutter damage to the Baths being only 0.9m from base of the building. Despite this action Corpor trees ( --together with 2 flowering peach (

(1880)

Report [Sir Edwin Smith] s proposal and the was not chosen because 1919, p. 7). they proposed to exhibit upon added the cost of necessary tree- Report TARNDANYA WOMMA: 418 1919, p. 9; 1920, 6). The Register, p. 769A-B). ome Road Bridge and Annual ttle Day, August 29, 1914, Sir Henry ( Report a, young. An older tree this one section, £1,000. If project commenced “In my opinion the policy of delaying story of the world, and also what would probably by brother Sir Keith and his airmen arrived in Planning Conference in Adelaide 1917, the Planning Conference e Corporation in terms of increased vehicular Annual ted 26 chains of post and wire fencing along was linked to War Memorial repatriation and t to our City” than simply “carrying out grading, forming, draining, macadamising, and tar- tefiore Road section commenced in late 1919 of the works, the carrying out of which could be infancy was synonymous with the beginning of the great approved and the Sir Edwin Smith Avenue – ed in May 1919 the attachment of a bronze ria Drive, proposing the route to enable This was a vision realised substantially by Lord bled a proposal to construct War Memorial The Corporation agreed to thi 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS AND SQUARES rtion lying between Fr just begun in Europe. (Hear, hear.) month or two. I further suggested that the Council formally adopt rld had ever seen, or would see. (Hear, hear.) With the consent to contribute the sum of £500 towards cost this work, which as about £850, to which must be 1909, pp. 49-50). ders and Franklin Streets. This statue, that of Queen record to the effect that on Wa as opportunity presented itself e Corporation’s City Engineer recommended their relocation to Report 1919, pp. 7-8, 28, 46; 1920, pp. 6, 31, 33). pp. 6, 31, 1919, pp. 7-8, 28, 46; 1920, (Anon 1914, ‘The Golden Wattle’, Annual Report Annual My suggestion was that this year po Avenue Road should be put in hand. The cost of dressing the roadway was estimated making the total cost of planting, fencing, etc., £150; itself to the Council, I was prepared should be carried out within the next the plan submitted to it embracing other portions undertaken in the near future that means to commemorate the greatest war in the hi the most epoch-making period the wo of the Adelaide City Council, represented today by His Worship the Mayor, an inscribed plate on the site a Galway, then Governor of South Aust ralia, had planted a memorial oak to keep the people in perpetual memory of greater events which had now … The oak which was to be planted was, like Australi cataclysm in Europe they sought to convey the idea that this oak in its Frome Road portion was opened on 30 October 1919 by the state Governor Sir . Construction on the King William Road to Mon and Pelzer cleared the alignment of trees and erec this section ( With the hosting of inaugural Australian Town South Australian Institute of Architects propos wreath to Light’s statue recording the event. The whole scheme was seen as “a noble and permanent memorial to those who fought in the Great War.” This proposal was enthusiastically Despite all these improvements, Lord Mayor Lewis Cohen still lamented the fact that carriage drives or park ways envisaged and designed by John Ednie Brown in his had still not been implemented by the Corporation. driveways is awise one [sic].” building of park Mayor Charles Glover in 1918 when the concept memoriam projects ( In March 1918 Lord Mayor Charles Glover ta A plan, tabled, identified existing park ways Drive connecting Hackney Bridge to Port Road. including carriage drives in Botanic Park, Victo construction of a “more permanent improvemen expenditure in illumination.” Lord Mayor Glover proposed: traffic using the roads, and th alternate sites in Tarndanyangga/Victoria Square ( On 23 March 1920 Captain Sir Ross Smith and his Adelaide completing their historic flight from London to Australia. The Smith’s were born in Adelaide, thus heightening their standing for historic flight in the eyes of community. wreath was unveiled on 12 October 1919 by the state Governor to a ceremony arranged by Town Planning & Housing A ssociation. The statue was then at the intersection of King William, Flin Victoria were beginning to present problems th )

robur Report Annual Quercus Annual ion of the City Gardener the Wattle Day League, monies were Lady Galway, ens during the morning. Shortly ting operation of his Excellency in nour for His Excellency, the Governor few minutes later, and were received by the State s. W.J. Sowden. The onlookers then gathered request His Excellency, on behalf of the Federal business of tree-planting was begun. Eight wattles branch, to plant a British oak. They desired by arrived upon the scene. They were followed by the the Adelaide Oval leasehold. As could be 19, pp. 29-30; 1920, 15-16; 1921, p. 26). d Mrs. Glynn, A.H. Peake, the Mayor of ccompanied by Messrs Sowden and Solomon, the vice- Park, and the “termination of war.” But the officer in charge (Assistant Superintendent memorial tree planted in Australia for the fallen who performed similar cere he gardens, under the supervis was waiting for insertion in the soil. . Construction commenced on the courts in £600 subject to a public meeting for approval as nry Galway, on behalf of nry ] ght some debate but was deferred awaiting the An Historic Oak leasehold land in Tarndanya Womma/Park 26 s officially opened on 18 October 1921 ( Treeplanters at work thereby resulting in no lease issuance ( Presidential Remarks –

aide and Thebarton Public Schools. Lining up on both sides of the - ance was witnessed at Creswell Gard was the first to place a plant in ground, and as he finished the Day League (Mr. W.J. Sowden) and the Vice-President of the local e cheers to mark the first tree plan ) in Creswell Gardens to honour the fallen of First and erect, formed a guard of ho Quercus robur ssp) were also planted around this English Oak ( [ Municipal Corporations Act, 1890 . The public meeting robur Acacia Quercus id he would now, as Federal President, reported this event as follows: Mr. Sowden sa

round a spot where a small oak Australia. A hearty response was given. Others the Minister for External Affairs (Mr. Glynn), an Adelaide (Mr. A.A. Simpson), Lady Butler, and Mr A unique ceremony of historic import before 11 a.m. a company of metropolitan Boy Scouts (Mr. A W. Pelzer). The Governor operation Mr. Sowden called for thre Wattle Day League, as well the South Australian drum and pipe bands of the East Adel principal entrance the scouts, trim regal Private-Secretary (Hon. J Mulholland), and Scoutmaster Holden), inspected the ranks, spoke a few words to the school children, who were under and J.Messrs. J.J. Fairweather Donfiell, and the real branch (Mr. Herbert Solomon). His Excellency, a of various species were placed in different parts of t (Sir Henry Galway) and Lady Galway, who drove in a and Federal President of the Wattle 1914, pp. 18, 73; 1915, p. 35; 1916, p. 32; 19 1914, pp. 18, 73; 1915, p. 35; 1916, Register planted an English Oak ( World War. Eight Wattles ( but they do not remain today. This was the first of this war (Annual Report 1914, p. 80; Hawker pers comm.., 2001). The subject to ratepayer consent. The matter brou of establishing tennis courts and a clubhouse but did not proceed with developing this land. In September 1915 the Corporation considered and appr oved in principle an application from Association for the termination of their existing lease 2.4ha in Wikaparndo Wirra/Park 22 and the granting of a new lease 1.33ha cessation of an agistment licence over the former the Association appears not to have undertaken any tennis court or building construction works and on this land prior to the 1915 meeting. A ratepayer poll 7 November 1919, 3,578 for endorsed the proposition enabling Association to shift Tarndanya 1,749 against, Womma/Park 26 adjacent to the Adelaide Oval the new Tennis Ground wa early 1920, and 1914, pp. 89-90). On 29 August 1914 the state Governor, Sir He disapproved the proposal 4,281 to 7,804 required under section 97 of the Immediately preceding the LTASA’s application was an considered in May 1914 for the development of a “pleasure resort similar to The White City’, Sydney, and ‘Luna Park’, Melbourne” on 1.69ha of land to the south-west of expected, this application generated “great public interest,” and the Corporation voted 11 to 7 grant a lease for 7 years with an annual rental of Report

‘Aurea Saligna’) to Saligna’) ‘Aurea namental trees specimens trees namental

TARNDANYA WOMMA: 419 Cupressus macrocarpa Cupressus cating the maturity of or cating the bed surrounding the Creswell Garden fountain to fountain Garden Creswell the bed surrounding ssp to the right with metal strip edging being edging being strip metal Weigela with right the to ssp in Creswell Gardens. Note the War Memorial Oak Memorial the War Gardens. Note in Creswell Figures

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS AND SQUARES ssp) and Canna the mature Golden Weeping Cypress ( Cypress Weeping Golden mature the beds with Canna’s ( Canna’s beds with ) tree with plaque to the left, and flower garden and flower left, to the with plaque tree ) Quercus robur Above: a 1928 photograph of the Sir Ross Smith statue the Sir of photograph a 1928 Above: ( np. Source: Anon 1928, far right. the West indi Gardens Pennington of photograph Below: a 1928 and the gardens at that time. Note Note time. that at gardens the and and the flower the left, used. Source: Anon 1928, np. used. Source:

Dovyalis Report 1920, pp. 17- 1920, p. 5; 8 September Annual Report Report 1921, p. 36). Register [1.5m] apart along the edges of Annual constructed on the strip of land Report Annual Annual ely cut to reduce its height in 1922. Some [sic] ( t. Following the death of Sir Ross Smith in Parri at the present Adelaide Bridge site. mber 1907. With these difficulties in mind ling to sustain the heavy vehicular traffic, rating condition of the City Bridge. This tch with pedestal was to be 7.9m high. The h 18 entries were received. The Committee ns of King William Street south the bridge be undertaken in Creswell Gardens 1925 rdens were reinstated in 1923 by Pelzer. Sheet involved a three hinge reinforced concrete The Creswell Gardens rustic railings and the 929 and works completed at the end of 1930. development of War Memorial Drive thereby Road, at the same time. The Kaffir Apple ( ptember 1923 some £4,500 had been raised, and te Governor. A bridge some 40.2m wide with 1927 construction commenced on the statue timed 1.58m span bow-string arches over sub-portal resulting in £1,500 to establish a suitable memorial eutenant-Governor Sir George Murray; the well Gardens, of the Drive, included: 1990, pp. 241-242; Veale 1932, pp. 37-50). Veale 1932, pp. 241-242; 1990, pp. tember 1923, p. 8; 2 December 1924, 9; 12 ard posts have been erected five feet Drive, so as to prevent crossing the lawns. vehicles from The flower Rosa ssp) bower were repaired in 1925 ( Light Horse Brigade on the site. The Committee de wider, and a pathway has been rd et al ; 1923, pp. 36, 39; 1925, pp. 33, 36). 39; 1925, pp. ; 1923, pp. 36, Register ; 1928, p. 1; Cameron 1997, pp. 96-100; ; 1928, p. 1; Cameron The 29, p. 34; Marsden border above the rockery has been ma In Cresswell Gardens neat cast-iron gu the lawns opposite the War Memorial between the flower border and the War Memorial Drive ) hedge in Pennington Gardens West was extensiv Pelzer appears to have re-positioned most of the guard posts and gate in Creswell Pennington Gardens West, especially in Oval 62 trees were also planted on Montefiore Road, all seating in the three gardens were renewed, replaced with cast iron versions. The rustic and timber gate posts in Pennington Gardens West timber railings, bridges and arches in Creswell Ga embankments had to piling on the River Torrens because of erosion damage by the River waters. Pennington Gardens West rustic rose ( 26, 28, 29 pp. 1921, pp. 38, 39; 1922, By the 1920s Corporation had noted deterio was the bridge across River Torrens/Karrawirra 18; 1921, p. 24; 19 The narrow bridge, erected in 1877, was now strugg the structure.congestion, the demand tram cars placed upon The question of a replacement bridge was first raised in the Corporation on 4 Nove the Corporation prepared plans for a new bridge, to be called ‘Adelaide Bridge’, which was officially opened on 5 March 1931 by the Sta caffra footpaths and carriage ways of the same dimensio was proposed. The design by the City Engineer structure with a 36.5m main span and two 1 footways. Construction commenced in June 1 Eight trees were removed as part of the bridge construction works ( December 1927, p. 8; ACC Archives file 1229/22). By 1920 the gardens in Pennington Gardens West, Creswell Gardens and Elder Park had been well established, and Pelzer reports only minor planting improvement works thereafter. Creswell Gardens was however subject to the dividing the Garden into two portions—the main Garden portion and the Lake edge rockeries. Pelzer reported that the impact upon Cres 1922, p. 6; 13 October 21 Sep anniversary of the landing Sir Ross Smith in Australia. The bronze statue, designed and sculptured by London sculptor Frederick Brook Hi statue carries four bronze reliefs depicting the events of flight ( 1927, p. 23 1922, p. 2; 1923, 3; to be unveiled on 10 December 1927 by Li The Corporation threw a civic reception for the even 1922, a public appeal was led by for which the Corporation under Lord Mayor Sir Lewis Cohen established a Committee on 13 October 1922 to further this objective. By Se the Committee announced a competition for whic selected a site in Creswell Gardens on 5 November 1923, partially due to Ross Smith’s original advocacy to erect a memorial to the 3 projected a cost of £5,000 for the statue. In

ssp), many of which are extant extant which are of many ssp), ssp.). Source: Anon 1928, np. Source: ssp.).

TARNDANYA WOMMA: 420 Phoenix Canna looking south-west wards from an English Elm English wards from an south-west looking Pennington Gardens West looking north-east towards towards Gardens West looking north-east Pennington Figures rosearbourthe centre in the garden of and pathway

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS AND SQUARES ds often dominated with Canna’s ( dominated with ds often nd of the photograph. Source: Anon 1928, np. Anon Source: the photograph. nd of ), with extensive trunk failure damage evident, to the Adelaide Oval and Stands. Note the flower Ulmus procera today, in the middle-grou today, in the and often photographed, scene of classic, Below: a 1928 with the rusticated the spires of St Peter’s Cathedral, ssp) (Phoenix palm of use the plantings, design of landscape style Gardenesque as the well as evident, be the flower garden and specimens, Above: a 1928 photograph of Pennington Gardens West Gardens Pennington of photograph a 1928 Above: ( garden beds on the right, and the Gardenesque style planting of palms ( of palms planting style Gardenesque the and right, the on beds garden

1923, p. ) trees were Report orientalis Annual 1923, pp. 19, 34; 1925, p. 1923, pp. 19, 34; Platanus Report

Annual enable the gently sloping land to north ed this development at length over late 1924 with plans for the construction of a permanent ated with events at the Oval. The Corporation ce Gates were erected to a design by architect 10/9 had been expended on further extending Pelzer had to reinstate fencing and access gates urce of regular maintenance works for Pelzer in aring completion. By late 1923 some £9.014 1923, p. 37). 30, p. 15; Swanbury Penglase Architects 2001). Penglase p. 15; Swanbury 30, ion subject to no buildings being erected thereon on the required land together with permission to d its leasehold 18.3 x 97.5m on its southern d its leasehold 18.3 x 97.5m on of its leasehold in Tarndanya Womma/Park d Pelzer erected three large bridges over open earing of these hollows and in-filling of “cement- earing of these hollows and in-filling d land held by the Association back to ng, costing £906 12/6, was undertaken in 1929, concrete terracing installed on the northern mounds yers Rooms Additions under the Sir Edwin Smith oblem. In 1928 the curator’s residence was erected danya Womma/Park 26 from Pennington Terrace at Report Annual King William Road street trees continued to a so King William the 1920s. In 1923 he discovered that several of the large Plane ( 26 by 1.0ha which was approved. A public meeting on 27 April 1923 endorsed this recommendation thereupon the Association commenced construction of a new club house which the Corporation approved plans for on 27 August 1923. On 18 1924 permission to exten Association sought further grand stand on the land. The Corporation consider and early 1925 finally granted the Associati erect the permanent upon the applicants stands on 19 January 1925 “conditional carrying out any planting of trees, shrubs, etc., required by the City Gardener” on the entire leasehold land. These works and arrangements were agreed to at a public meeting1925 the lease on 4 June thereupon entered into. As part of these works, “infested with white ants.” He directed the cl concrete” to address the situation ( In late 1922 SACA lodged an application to construct a grandstand at the southern end of the Oval to a projected cost of £16,000. The Cor poration approved tis work, as did a public meeting, and by late 1923 the grandstand was ne 6/11 had been expended on the stand and £942 the mounds, apart from other works, with £28 to sink a well. In 1925 new entry gates were erected to the Oval at its north-west corner an drains to enable vehicular access into Tarn SACA’s expense. The purpose of these works was to 31, 36; 19 pp. p. 41; 1929, 36; 1927, p. 32; 1928, In the same year LTASA sought an extensi perimeter, which the Association withdrew in favour on an application for a 0.1ha area of land. The Corporation agreed to this second applicat and the transfer exchange of a 0.1ha unuse Corporation. These applications were associated along War Memorial Drive adjacent to the Association’s developments ( 19; 1924, pp. 30-31; 1925, 14-15; 1926, p. 42). of the Oval to be used for intermittent car parking. This action was clearly necessary due to the increasing traffic and car parking problems associ was forced to erect ‘no standing signs’ along War Memorial Drive, and regulate egress points for car parking, in 1930 to deal with this pr within the leasehold at a cost of £1,151, and at a cost of £908. concrete terraci Additional and in the following year Mostyn Evans Grandstand was erected to a design by architect Charles W Rutt. In 1935 the Phil Ridings Entran and at the same time Pla Philip Claridge ( Stand were also undertaken under Claridge’s direction

’. A valuable ’. A alised pathways also, and and alised pathways also,

TARNDANYA WOMMA: 421 Plan Showing Improvements to Pavements to Showing Improvements Plan indicated. These are form indicated. in Elder Park are also shown. Pathways along the Pathways shown. Elder Park are also in hed. The alignment of “Soldiers” War Memorial Drive Memorial War of “Soldiers” alignment hed. The Figure

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS AND SQUARES pedestrian pathways through Pennington Gardens West, Gardens Pennington through pathways pedestrian vember 1927, comprising a ‘ 1927, comprising vember lines. Source: ACC Archives. Archives. ACC Source: lines. d Creswell Gardens into two portions, and the detailed circuitous pathways system system pathways circuitous detailed the and two portions, into Gardens d Creswell An engineering map dated 14 No dated 14 map An engineering around the Elder Bandstand and the refreshment pavilion refreshment and the Bandstand Elder the around Hill are also and across Montefiore Torrens Lake flanks of desire pedestrian not simply document as it indicates the extensive system of system extensive the as indicates it document establis had Pelzer Park that Gardens and Elder Creswell (“Soldiers”) as it dissecte

Report Annual ) was broken by the 1923, pp. 37, 38; 1924, p. 1923, pp. 37, 38; 1924, t have a clear view of vehicles coming

dactylifera

Report in width opposite the end of Jeffcott Street, Phoenix Annual 1924, p. 8). 1924, Pelzer raised the ground level, widened y loam. At the same time he covered over en on the northern escarpment of River in 1923 depositing a layer of silt on the lawns in 1923 depositing nce.” Soil was excess from the Montefiore for a length of 91m but there is no report side, and cutting back the slope of the hill for a Hill, and took up relocated fencing, to [12m] “Various trees” were also planted in association 1924, pp. 38, 40, 83; 1925, pp. 35, 74; 1926, p. 1924, pp. 38, 40, 83; 1925, 35, 74; with a 2 chain radius curvature at its sharpest t the Corporation approved works on first. throughout, taking down and re-erecting the fence on the section itself and the poor sight lines on d was thereupon planted with grass seeds. A new to a heavy rainstorm in February 1925 washing to a heavy rainstorm in February Report surfaces of Barr Smith Walk affected by these re Drive was widened on the uphill side and Report cent to the Commonwealth Boathouse from sheet- [12m] Annual 1926, p. 40; 1927, p. 32). 1926, p. 40; 1927, 32). ( te cost of which work was £420. Annual cubic yards of earth which was deposited on the eastern side Report [9m] from the fence in order that traffic migh ). A new box drain, about 18m long, was also dug to divert water from ). A new box drain, about 18m long, was ’ ). These options were: ‘Pyramidalis alba (2) By making an entirely new roadway of 40 feet estimated cost of which was £1,420 (1) By widening the roadway to 40 feet distance of about 30 feet in the opposite direction, estima western side, making a new footway on the western Populus The River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri again flooded in “considerable damage.” Silt 7.6-15cm of Elder Park and Barr Smith Walk this time resulting was deposited, and the “very large, stately Date-palm” ( accompanying storm which Pelzer removed and replaced with a mature spreading White Poplar ( point. Two options were put forward by the Corporation’s City Engineer, second of which was eventually undertaken in the mid 1960s, bu This road widening was commenced in late 1924 and completed 1925 ( Drive widening project ( Annual curve. The road itself also had a grade of 1:13½ As a consequence Pelzer grubbed 24 trees on the Walk entrance and top-dressed the lawns with sand the open drain near the Walk and removed “old dilapidated fence” dividing from railways land and erected a new “neat “Cyclone” fe Barr Smith Walk directly to the Lake. Some 395 with the War Memorial Drive construction. In the following year Pelzer managed filling of a “large cavity” in the southern banks adja piling works, and repaired trees pathway works. Additional sheet piling works was undertak in 1925, and Pelzer had to reinstate all the pathways (44 chains) in Elder Garden including the Barr Smith Walk in the same year largely due away parts of path together with parts of flower beds ( 38; 1925, pp. 33-34). As part of numerous road-widening works in the 1920s, Corporation considered options as to the exit of This intersection was beginning to cause Montefiore Road onto Palmer Place. accidents because of the inter regular vehicular enable the road widening works. Montefio necessitated the removal of 1,000 to gently landscape the slope of the hillside an concrete footpath was also laid on the western side any new street trees being planted ( 42). Where Montefiore Drive met the Barr Smith Walk, 1924, p. 8; 1925, 74

) Populus Ulmus procera Ulmus Source: D Darian Source: .1925-26. Source: .1925-26. c tor of Forests Walter Gill, Walter tor of Forests .1929-30 of the Elder Park Elder of the .1929-30 c ng William Road. ng extensive garden, the lawn expanse expanse lawn the garden, extensive

.1899 English Elm ( .1899 English TARNDANYA WOMMA: 422 c ), and the fastiagated White Poplar-lined the fastiagated White ), ( Poplar-lined and around the southern edge of the Lake. The ‘Railway ‘Railway The the Lake. of edge southern the around e Corporation by the Conserva the by e Corporation Figures Figures

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS AND SQUARES Phoenix dactylifera Phoenix by photographer D Darian Smith taken in Smith Darian D by photographer s is also evident on both sides of Ki sides of s is also evident on both hment Kiosk partially obscured in an ‘Pyramidalis’) Barr Smith Walk to the right leading leading right the Walk to Smith Barr ‘Pyramidalis’) of the Park dotted with mature Date Palms ( Palms Date mature with dotted Park of the alba and the Bath Park between the Cutting’, along the flank of the Park to the Lake as present to th as present Lake the to Park of the flank along the Refres Elder the Bandstand, Elder the Above: an image of the Floating Palais on Lake Torrens, with extensive public use, in use, public extensive with Torrens, Lake on Palais Floating the of an image Above: mature the Torrens, Lake on Palais Floating the depicting clearly precinct Morton 1996, p. 104; SLSA B44607. SLSA B44607. Morton 1996, p. 104; aerial photograph an extract of Below: an Smith Collection, Atkins Technicolor.

) posts 1929, p. 1926, p. Report Report

Annual Annual ( state Architect-in-Chief ) as a consequence, and re- ssp) today. Pelzer also a large area than any other device Phoenix dactylifera of water a minute it eastwards and alienating land from the , and various shaped areas can be watered. It is . In conjunction with road tenders for King and filled in the cutting before grassing over and filled in the cutting before grassing 1927, p. 27; 1928, pp. 43-44; 1929, pp. 31-32; 1927, p. 27; 1928, pp. 43-44; 1929, Phoenix use Grounds, or ‘Domain’, and address excess & Co at £2,941 13/1 for d Messrs F Burgoyne e spur railway land, and Pelzer took additional ng stone abutments, balustrading and pillars, est “to accept control of the land formerly 1927, p. 32). easement arose. The 1924, p. 83; 1927, p. 20; 1928, p. 30; 1929, 1927, p. 20; 1928, 1924, p. 83; the showgrounds. The line passed underneath the former railway-line reserved land on the the former railway-line rienced. These palms were located in a line 27 the Corporation was successful in gaining the e amendment in state Parliament, and 1929 r system in Creswell Gardens and reinstated its on eagerly accepted this proposal and responded Report tion system” in Adelaide altering his previous continued to experience minor renovations and Report Report taps are so placed that the water is evenly distributed over a large d replaced it with sawn jarrah ( Eucalyptus marginata Phoenix dactylifera ) were apparently shifted in the Parade Annual they will distribute water over Annual Annual in Pennington Gardens West 1929 ( 1926, p. 40). The system: 1926, 1926, p. 40; 1927, pp. 9, 29-30, 32). e extant collection of palms ( Report Report Annual Annual ) trees and 21 “large date-palms” ( al works had been undertaken on the City Baths since 1910 although it had been orientalis claimed that on a moderate pressure … does away with delivery hoses. The area. The sprinklers have a flexible nozzle attachment known. The large-size sprinklers deliver 25 gallons [95L] 40). Platanus 33). New “large iron hoops” were also installed in Creswell Garden “so to prevent people from walking on the edges of lawns” ( No substanti 26; 1930, p. 22). In 1926 Pelzer installed an automatic sprinkle King William Road was widened in 1926-27 extending King William Ground and the Government House Grounds. Pelzer had to remove 8 Plane Torrens Parade ( grade the new bank between Road and the Ho highly-mineralised ground water that was expe Tenders for the road construction works were let in August 1927 parallel to King William Road. an 16/3 to Messrs Townsend & Traeger at £2,429 bituminous paving. The Date Palms ( Ground Reserve are part of th directed landscape treatment works for the western side. In 1929 the Corporation was successful in obtaining the eastern alignment of th Adelaide Bridge construction project spoil from the the land; works estimated at £150 ( pathways near the Oval again due to stormwater patterns. This appears to be the first Garden that he installed “the ‘Elder’ automatic irriga watering program ( The irrigation system was installed subject to continual maintenance and upgrade work s by the lessee and the Corporation. In 1927 the City Engineer prepared plans and documentation for scheme “to modernize the swimming- baths” costed at £15,000. The matter was di scussed in the Corporation but deferred due to cost of the project. Despite this, the Baths upgrades to its fabric and machinery ( p. 29). 1936-37, western side of King William Road. In late 19 western reserved land necessitating a legislativ removed all old post-and-rail fencing an but the eastern side protected by only post and wire William Road widening, the future of railway sought in September 1927 the Corporation’s inter traversed by the railway-line.” The Corporati back inviting the opportunity to take charge of Prior to the late 1920s a spur railway line ran from station Jubilee Oval to enable the movement of goods and animals to Road with the western side possessi King William with three-wires (

) Populus Ulmus procera plantings, the use of palm the use of plantings,

TARNDANYA WOMMA: 423 Pennington Gardens West looking north-east towards towards Gardens West looking north-east Pennington at led to the Barr Smith Walk with its Poplar ( its Poplar Walk with Smith Barr the to led at ), and the flower garden beds often dominated with dominated often beds garden flower the and ), e style of landscapee style design Figures 1899 Walter Gill donated English Elm ( donated English 1899 Walter Gill c. 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS AND SQUARES Ulmus procera ssp.). Source: Anon 1928, np. Source: ssp.). Canna

ssp) avenue as seen in the background. Source: Anon 1928, np. Anon 1928, Source: background. the as seen in ssp) avenue specimens lining the metal–strip edged gravel pathway th pathway gravel edged metal–strip lining the specimens Above: a 1928 classic, and often photographed, scene of classic, a 1928 Above: with the Gardenesqu the spires of St Peter’s Cathedral, Elms ( English specimens and ssp) (Phoenix Canna’s ( the with Park Elder of photograph Below: a 1928

pathways in Creswell and and in Creswell pathways yout and plantings in the landscape landscape in the plantings yout and establishment mature plantings in mature plantings in establishment ably taken by photographer D Darian Smith, Smith, Darian D photographer ably taken by ably taken by photographer D Darian Smith, Smith, Darian D photographer by ably taken -covered diagonal pedestrian diagonal -covered Figures Figures y-attended match day. Note the y-attended match day. la the Note rly-attended match day. Note the rly-attended match day. the Note ) hedge on the Adelaide Oval fence-line, and and fence-line, Oval Adelaide the e on eastern Kaffir Apple ( Dovyalis caffra ) hedge .1930 aerial photograph of the Adelaide Oval, prob Adelaide .1930 aerial photograph of the c .1930 aerial photograph of the Adelaide Oval, prob Oval, Adelaide of the .1930 aerial photograph c gardens along the Lake Torrens embankment, the former water tower near the Adelaide Oval Caretaker’s Caretaker’s Oval Adelaide the near tower water former the embankment, Torrens Lake the along gardens gravel extensive and plantings tree mature Residence, looking eastwards during a very popularl looking eastwards Pennington Gardens West and Creswell Gardens. Source: SACA archives. archives. SACA Source: Gardens. Creswell and West Gardens Pennington a Below: th West Gardens, Pennington archives. SACA Source: fountain. Gardens Creswell the around designs bed flower the intricate looking eastwards during a very popula looking eastwards Above: a

Cordyline .1899 Walter Gill .1899 Walter c ssp) and Cabbage Tree ( Cabbage and ssp)

TARNDANYA WOMMA: 424 Phoenix the rear. Source: Anon 1928, np. the rear. Source: Anon a canopy of mature a canopy nkment plantings on the Lake Torrens flank looking flank looking Torrens on the Lake plantings nkment depicts the rusticated pedestrian walkway railings and and railings walkway pedestrian rusticated the depicts Figures

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS AND SQUARES ing eastwards through idge’ with its metal casings in ) trees, a wide lawned expanse with Victorian era cast iron seat benches benches seat iron cast era Victorian with expanse lawned ) trees, a wide Ulmus procera Ulmus urce: Anon 1928, np. Anon urce: ) specimens, ‘City with the Br old donated English Elm ( donated under each tree. So australis Above: a of the 1928 photograph Creswell Gardens emba that image earlier to an this image Compare eastwards. ( palm gardens, flowering mature are now Evident plantings. immature look Park Elder of photograph Below: a 1928

Report 1927, pp. 20- Annual 1990, pp. 251- 1990, Report ght have been avoided if et al one would think, would be so be very effective, and might Annual ur broad streets afford. … The City Bridge plans of beauty and has spoilt that magnificent piece ry, I would give my views to the Civic Council on ry, I would give my views bridge that will join the two Adelaides together. I er. Any great architect, the railway system in the state. The neo- figure J Reedman. The fountain was installed parts of the stormwater pipe system in Elder Drive” but these were planted in the Weir- a large portion of the lawns. At same time (Letter dated 19 December 1927 by Sir Tom c blight, the Corporation allocated £200 in 1929 1926-27 to a design by Garlick & Jackman who state Governor and Sir Alexander Gore Arkwright of the new Railway Station upon the Lake Torrens city improvement in existence to work to. … 1928, pp. 3-5). the main streets and also help to solve the traffic problem, I consider Florence on Montefiore Hill would al Report will be hurriedly erected. … Annual seen, and the magnificent vistas which o 1929, pp. 27, 35). Report

the tramlines should be removed from greater pa rt of NorthStreet … The Terrace and King William statues could then be A tower like Grotto’s Campanile in Bridges cited in the Sir Wallace Bruce asked me if, before I left the count improving the beauties and ameniti es of City of Adelaide. … It is no good crying over split milk, but I must conf ess that the building of the new Railway Station, in the position where it now stands, has somewhat upset my of Park Land with the river running through it. I ment ion this as believe it mi there had been some kind of general plan of To improve the aesthetic appearance of over the Torrens is a thing of beauty and a joy for ev glad of the opportunity supplying a design for this hope that nothing inferior be borne in mind for some future commemoration Annual Bridge section of river corridor. The railway station was a dream of railways commissioner WA Webb who sought a centre-piece to the growth of classical reinforced concrete station was built in competition held in 1924 (Marsden won the commission through a design to the planting of trees along the upper south bank of Lake Torrens “so as to hide the unsightly Railway-sheds from view the War Memorial Here was public criticism of the visual impact visual catchment, concern over the design quality of new ‘Adelaide Bridge’, and also a dream the for a suitable commemoration in 1935 with on Montefiore Hill. The latter had its fruition development of Light’s Vision. On the aestheti 252; In 1929 the Corporation accepted a donation fo r a drinking fountain to be erected in Pennington Gardens West in memory of sporting and unveiled by Lord Mayor John Lavington Bonython on 7 September 1929 ( 30). At the end of 1927 Sir retired as Hore-Ruthven assumed the position. In retiring, Bridges thanked Corporation but also penned some parting thoughts to Lord Mayor Sir Wallace Bruce as aesthetics and the city landscape pertinent to Tarndanya Womma/Park 26: 1929, p. 27). the railway spur embankments were regraded and seeded with grass ( With road widening works in King William Road Park were ripped up requiring Pelzer to reinstate

depicting the the depicting ll Gardens and the Light’s the Light’s ll Gardens and

TARNDANYA WOMMA: 425 Adelaide Oval Conservation Study Review Review Study Conservation Oval Adelaide Figure nnington Gardens West, Creswe nnington Gardens

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS AND SQUARES Rosa ssp) to the Corporation in preceding years Penglase Architects (2001) 1933, p. 23). 1933, p. 23). Report A plan from the Swanbury Swanbury the A plan from in Pe extant system circulation and pathway extensive 26 in the 1910s-30s. Womma/Park of Tarndanya Vision portion Annual

donated various collections of Roses ( (

th Register width 40 1933- 1990, pp. Report et al 1930, p. 19; Annual onwork arrived from Rosa ssp) to the Report lzer’s retirement a sequence the same year. The bridge was 1930, p. 14). 1930, Annual 39. After being damaged twice by 39. After , over 1.0ha of land in the [503m] west of the Adelaide Bridge. The Report [16.5m] wide, provided a roadway of the City Engineer, Mr. J.L. Hyndman. It was de with footpaths and carriage ways of the te was commenced. The ir Annual 30, Pelzer had to consider the future of most provements to the Adelaide Oval leasehold e reinforced concrete structure with a 36.5m little improvement works were entertained from r Park from King William Road was removed. r Park from King William Road Bullock. It is a copy of the Farnese Hercules ion also determined to erect four plaques y west of Morphett Street Bridge to erect Cartledge and works completed at the end of aken on North Terrace, the Corporation also the gardens and the Park Lands is evident , donated by philanthropist William Horn, was rcules was proposed to be shifted, in his bridge was completed in October of [2.1m] wide ( 1931-32, p. 27). Following Pe 1931-32, p. 27). Following 1935-36, p. 37). 1933-35, p. 25). supervised the erection in 18 cy the Administrator, Sir. W.W. Cairns, K.C.M.G., on the 25 Local Government Act, 1934 [30.5m] long and 54 feet Torrens was situated 1,650 feet Report the City by Government. Annual Report Annual Report Annual 1920, pp. 17-18; 1921, p. 24; 1929, pp. 10-11, 34; Marsden p. 24; 1929, pp. 10-11, 34; Marsden 1920, pp. 17-18; 1921, wide and footpath 7 feet February, 1854, the first bridge on this si st Report constructed and presented to The Adelaide Bridge was erected under the supervision opened and named by His Excellen The first bridge over the River floods, it was destroyed in September, 1844. On the 1 England in February, 1856, and the April, 1877. The span, 100 feet Town Surveyor, Mr. Alfred Hardy, feet [12.2m] Annual Corporation whom decided to plant them in Creswell Garden. The Society appears have In 1933 the post and wire fence separating Elde In the same year National Rose Society donated 100 to 200 Roses ( of gardeners and a change commitment to throughout the municipality notwithstanding the Centenary of celebrations in 1936. In terms of Tarndanya Womma/Park 26 1932 up until the 1960s ( In the 1930s Corporation approved various im 35, p. 25). While the LTASA was hampered by space in terms of growth and development, it did succeed in gaining a 21 year lease under the neighbouring Tulya Wodli/Park 27 immediatel additional tennis courts ( grounds. Renovations to the Smith and Creswell stands were undertaken ( While road widening works were being undert determined to commence the demolition and construction of a new bridge on King William Road of a suitable width to accord with road widening works being undertaken in the Road. Plans were prepared for a new bridge, to be ca lled the ‘Adelaide Bridge’ that was officially opened on 5 March 1931. A bridge some 40.2m wi same dimensions of King William Street south the bridge was proposed. The design by Corporation’s City Engineer involved a three hing main span and two 11.58m span bow-string arches over sub-portal footways. Construction commenced in June 1929 by Messrs Essery & 1930 ( 241-242; Veale 1932, pp. 37-50). The Corporat recording historical information as to the past br idges and the bridge to be opened. The former plaques were proposed to state: On 29 February 1932 Pelzer retired and th e Corporation commenced a reorganisation of the City Gardener’s Branch ( 5 October 1892, p. 6; Cameron 1997, pp. 13-14). As part of the remodelling Victoria Square in 19 recommendations, from the Square to Pennington Gardens West which was acted upon in that year. This bronze statue on a short pedestal in Victoria Square by Mayor originally unveiled excavated in Naples and signed by Athenian sculptor Glykon ( of its statue collection. The He

)

Ficus macrophylla with the also northern northern also with the cluding pathways, northern northern cluding pathways,

TARNDANYA WOMMA: 426 classic iconographic images of Adelaide. images of Adelaide. iconographic classic ) staked in timber ‘cages’. Source: private private Source: ‘cages’. timber in ) staked layout of Lights Vision in ) plantings, the statue of , a young White young a Light, William statue of ) plantings, the northern Italian balustrading Italian northern nas College and Lights Vision, probably taken by taken by Vision, probably Lights and nas College Figures

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS AND SQUARES phic postcard of ‘Adelaide & Mount Lofty Ranges, from Lofty Ranges, & Mount ‘Adelaide postcard of phic Cupressus sempervirens Cupressus picts the completed picts the completed Cupressus sempervirens Cupressus presenting one of the first of the now now one of the first presenting ) at the eastern end of the balustrading, and the mature Moreton Bay Fig ( Fig Bay Moreton mature the and balustrading, the of end eastern the ) at , Italian Cypress ( .1936 Rose Series P9450 photogra P9450 .1936 Rose Series c Populus alba Populus Montefiore Hill Lookout’ re and Colonel statue Light relocated completed Note the ( Cypresses Italian planted Italian newly collection. Above: a extract of a c.1936 aerial photograph Aqui c.1936 aerial photograph a extract of a Above: D de Darian Smith, photographer that Poplar ( College collection. Aquinas behind. Source: a Below: Italian balustrading

1935-36, p. Report 1935-36, pp. 6-7; 1935-36, pp. Annual ( Report uld be of Italian type, 3 ft. 2 in. uld be of Italian type, 3 ft. 2 in. ), that there should be three seats Annual n Italian focal point echoing [62m²] proposed. It was recommended that a character to … reserves, the effect at night 1935-36, p. 34). 1935-36, long. Provision was also made for paths, n place of two) be provided, that the total area idea that came from former state Governor Report Northern Italian (in place of Italian Renaissance). Bagot’s northern Italian design affinities. Gardens East and West, the Adelaide Bridge on of “a £20 bronze plate, for the purposes ng cost of £11 13s 4d for lighting the trees Arthur C Rymill. On 10 January 1935 the for a “Montefiore Hill Look-out.” Special Special for a “Montefiore Hill Look-out.” [19.8m]

were erected along the length of King William ereby creating Grundy Gardens, and various r Park bandstand in September and October 1936 Annual ( te’s Centenary celebrations in 1936, the Corporation 1936-37, p. 9). 1936-37, p. 9). (instead of 75 square yards Report he undertaking was estimated at£242 ted the proposal into a norther Annual [125m²] be more comprehensive than originally [38.1m] long and three grass plots (i [would] , forming part of a semi-circle 65 ft. 1935-36, pp. 7, 8). While originally an 7, 8). While originally an 1935-36, pp. … consist on an ornamental concrete standard 12 of the Paragon Senior type globe, mounted [0.97m] [3.6m] in height. These lamps are most effective and lend Report (in place of two), and that the type of balustrading by The cost of the work was estimated at £539 path be 150 square yards balustrade 125 ft. 34). …the look-out [These] feet lawns, and shrubs. The total cost of being particularly pleasing ( … a report and plan, which set out that the balustrade of look-out wo high Annual

Subsequently, the Corporation agreed to additi indicating various points in the City and surroundings, should be incorporated into the balustrade.” But Irwin shifted the lookout proposal to a grander idea following meeting with the Corporation’s City Engineer, and on 28 April 1935 the Corporation considered and approved a larger proposal: As one of the ideas floated as part Sta and public recommended a feasibility study as to the cost of illumination various gardens features including King William Road, Pennington and the Cathedral. The Corporation’s City Engineer recommended that “pale blue and green be used in the illumination of trees … gardens adjacent to King William lights should Road,” and that flags coloured lanterns to adorn the roadways be borrowed from the City of Melbourne Council. Costs for these illuminations were £90 with a running cost of £16 3s 4d lighting the Adelaide Bridge, and £80 with a runni Road, and also lit up the Adelaide Bridge Angas Gardens ( pp. 7, 9). 1936-37, As part of these works the Corporation also introduced a new decorative lamp standard, “very chaste in design … to mark the Centenary,” several of which still stand Grundy Gardens and along the North Terrace Gardens: band concerts were also scheduled in the Elde ( along King William Road. Lighting and lanterns along King William Road. Lighting In addition to the illumination project, landscape treatments along the River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri embankment adjacent to the University th other initiatives, the Corporation budgeted £559 Corporation approved the site and proposal, C Irwin then working at and Councillor James Woods Bagot architects transla Sir Tom Bridge in 1927, the Corporation eagerly took the idea on board as part of the by Councillor celebrations following a suggestion Bridges’ notion of a campanile and architect Walter On 26 February 1935 the Corporation approved a plan for northern Italian styled design:

ons by Pelzer. Source: by Pelzer. ons ing and eclectic ing and eclectic the pathways. To the To the pathways. the

TARNDANYA WOMMA: 427 north-east through Pennington Gardens Pennington north-east through delineate pathway intersecti pathway delineate l hoop garden barriers along l

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS AND SQUARES dings, with a rusticated pedestrian rail pedestrian with a rusticated dings, a scene looking from Adelaide Bridge to the south- the to Bridge Adelaide from looking is a scene To the top left Pelzer. and planted by eveloped Walk disguising the railway sheds and buil and railway sheds the disguising Walk ee and shrubs plantings including palms, and meta palms, including plantings shrubs ee and olourful olourful embankment gardens. the top right is a scene looking To

Figures

ng the mature trees and palms extant in the garden, and the use of perennial garden beds to to beds garden of perennial use the and garden, the in extant palms and trees mature the ng ‘Pyramidalis’) planted along the Barr Smith Smith the Barr planted along ‘Pyramidalis’) alba

Populus is another scene of the rusticated pedestrian railings and the c railings and pedestrian rusticated of the scene is another Creswell Gardens and Pennington Gardens in the early 1920s as d early Gardens in the Pennington and Gardens Creswell ed creeper-covered structure in the middle-ground, Gardenesque tr Gardenesque middle-ground, the in structure creeper-covered ed ted White Poplars ( ted n Gardens West, looking southwards, indicati southwards, West, looking n Gardens ence of the fastigia of ence embankment garden in the right foreground. To the bottom left the bottom To the right foreground. garden in embankment Four Rose Series black and white photographs taken of scenes in of taken photographs white black and Four Rose Series private collection. west illustrating the strong visual pres West towards the spires of St Peters Cathedral with a rusticat with a Cathedral Peters St of spires the towards West from Penningto another scene is bottom right

Ulmus ation yards at the time. Source: the time. Source: ation yards at

TARNDANYA WOMMA: 428 today, including the extant White White the extant including today, ing Tarndanya Womma/Park 26 prior 26 prior Tarndanya Womma/Park ing way systems in Pennington Gardens Gardens Pennington way systems in ons, the rusticated arbour house in the former, the the former, in the house arbour rusticated the ons, Figure Figure Park, the c.1899 Walter Gill Park, donated English Elms ( 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS AND SQUARES e tree planting patterns on Montefiore Hill and Montefiore patterns on tree planting e nt between the Lake and the Railway St the Railway the Lake and between nt enues that are difficult to discern discern to that are difficult enues ‘Pyramidalis’) ‘Barr Smith Walk’ in the Park, and the collection of former the Park, and the in Walk’ ‘Barr Smith ‘Pyramidalis’) h of metropolitan Adelaide depict metropolitan Adelaide of h ) avenue. Note the extensive path the extensive Note ) avenue. Populus alba var australasica ) and Italian Poplar ( Italian ) and to the Lights Vision construction works. Note th works. Note construction Lights Vision to the av interconnecting tree-lined pedestrian An extract of a 1935 aerial photograp An extract of a procera Cedar ( Melia azedarach configurati Gardens, their planting Creswell West and Elder and lawns in gardens mature established and Government Surveyor buildings still exta Surveyor buildings Government Adelaide. of University

Report in

Araucaria Annual ( [38.1m] Jacaranda Koelreuteria 1936-37, pp. 12-13; 1936-37, pp. 12-13; ominent buildings in the City. The Report ntre and separated by triangular- and Flinders Streets, be [1.8m] concrete slab footpath was onize with the balustrading,” and and, Bunya Pine, ). Ten ornamental Italian Cypress Annual circular in plan, and 125 feet ider the design and siting of a sundial on by Society President, Sir Henry Newland, llent view of the City and foothills is provided, a placed on the concrete paths. A plate fixed a in advance of the positioning sundial. g of banks by the Curator Parks and Gardens. the land from lookout down to Montefiore lian is interesting as it indicates the strong acerifolius ralia wrote to the Corporation making several got may have had in influencing Irwin and the canariensis

phic view of the Adelaide landscape today. lity associated with the commemoration of the al to a site further west at cost of £15. The a recommendation that Light’s statue be shifted was passionate about the northern Italian design ), Varnish or Golden Rain Tree ( 1936-37, pp. 21-22). he beautiful setting of the City from this site 30 x 30cm retaining wall on this slope, remove Pinus of £36 10s on 11 August 1937. In January 1938, 1937. of £36 10s on 11 August indica Report concrete paths radiating from a ce es, by means of named lines, the pr nt to the balustrading, a 6-foot Annual de of Northern Italian type, Erythrina ection of King William, Franklin ection of King William, lso accepted the suggestion on 1997, p. 53). ), Indian Coral Tree ( sempervirens ) “shrubs” were also planted “to harm ), and Illawarra Flame Trees ( Brachychiton ), and install a water line ( shaped lawns. Three seats facing the City have been pedestal of the balustrading indicat look-out area has further been developed by regradin An entrance and path leadingwill complete this work. to pedestal and sundial Tourists and other visitors to the City may frequently be found viewing t length, was constructed. Adjace constructed, together with two other p. 9). 1936-37, On the high ground at Montefiore, from which an exce white cement concrete balustra Cupressus 26 July 1937, which was approved at a cost 26 July 1937, however, the Pioneers’ Association of South Aust suggestions as to amenity works in the municipa centenary of the death Light. Included was from its location at the inters A further Corporation committee was formed to cons To Curator A Stanley Orchard, the implications of this feature were considerable. He had to remove the extant post and wire fencing surrounding the site, remove some 17 trees to enable the development, ploughing and surface limestone removal, and entrance pathway construction. In terms of vegetation, he planted nine specimens of Jacaranda ( mimiosifolia paniculata bidwillii relocated “to the vicinity of Look-out.” Am idst concerns about cost, Corporation first stalled on this proposal, but subsequently agreed to shift the statue and pla ce it on site of sundial at a cost of £179 and to move the sundi Corporation Committee a Road to a 45° slope for 1.8m, install small ( formed a circular lawn expanse with stepping stone He was also directed by the Corporation to grade additionally eight trees (Canary Island Pine, p. 9; Camer 1938-39,

Corporation over this design proposal. Bagot style; a style which he personally incorporated into renovations for ‘Nurney House’ in , and the ‘Forest Lodge’ garden in Stirling. The result was a feature that enables an iconogra Lord Mayor James Irwin summarised the works and the outcome as follows: philosophical sway prominent architect Walter Ba that “Montefiore Lookout” be renamed “Light’s Vision” ( The shift from Italian Renaissance to northern Ita

) Ulmus procera Ulmus ) to the left left to the ) as December 1935, as December /Park 26 as a venue for /Park 26 as a venue s were featured on this s were

a classic view through through a classic view Populus alba atures a view across Lake Torrens Lake Torrens across atures a view TARNDANYA WOMMA: 429 ) to the Elder Refreshment Kiosk. Source: Kiosk. Source: Elder ) to the Refreshment magazine, from Xm ) and White Poplar ) and White ( Poplar larity of Tarndanya Womma Tarndanya of larity de Park Lands and Square and de Park Lands Figure Figure bankment gardens looking south through the winter the gardens looking south through bankment ral with its winter foliage of English Elm ( Elm English its winter foliage of ral with

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS AND SQUARES Salix babylonica Salix ssp) plantings). February 1947 fe ) to the right foreground, and mature specimens of the fastigiated form form fastigiated the of specimens and mature foreground, right the to ) Phoenix South Australian Homes & Gardens waters in full foliage. The September 1948 September The full foliage. waters in Torrens ‘Pyramidalis’) across the Lake Populus alba Ulmus procera Elms ( Ulmus English donated Gill .1899 Walter c rivate collection. rivate to the Railway Station with Weeping Willow ( Station with Railway to the procera ( Ulmus Elm English foreground, of White Poplar ( magazine’s front cover during the life of its publicat ion. December 1935 features during cover front magazine’s Cathed Peters towards St West Gardens Pennington ( palm style Gardenesqye and trees issue features a scene from the Creswell Gardens em Gardens Creswell the from scene a features issue the foliage of Three front covers of the poplar poplar the of covers front Three popu the 1948 that indicate and September February 1947 the Adelai of as no other portions populist photography p

1935- Report Report Annual ( , but rejected the he main basin, which spray flowing will fill the second basin, flowing will fill the chamber adjacent to the fountain the top of the fountain, has been altered to produce on me. I am perfectly willing to bear it; and leave 1938-39, pp. 9-10). 1938-39, pp. I do not expect to be generally understood or calmly ing their validity in every particular, have done me the pality and Park Lands. In terms of Tarndanya Local Government Act, 1934 construction of 4 additional courts. Further, it ription be added to the statue pedestal stating: a visual eyesore but it was more probably paths in Pennington Gardens West grassing fixed on the perimeter of t vertically from the bottom of main basins. A to remove and re-contour ‘Long’s Point’, a Report e south-east, west and south-west, of which the 1936-37, p. 11). on a demonstration within the Oval. 1933-35, p. 25; 1936-37, pp. 13, 22-23). GHT’S JOURNAL, 1839 GHT’S JOURNAL, whether I am entitled to praise or to blame” path around the bowl 3m in width ( Annual Annual into the top basin, which upon over Report Report changed the water fountain operation: Annual ( Annual 1936-37, p. 13). 1936-37, The main jet, which discharges from the small statue at showering spray umbrella-shaped an and, in turn, the main basin. Six jets have been into the middle basin, and another six jets spray circulating pump and motor have been placed in a reinforced-concrete The pump and motor are controlled by switch-gear fixed pump the water from ground-basin to jets. to a pole in Oval Roadway it to posterity, and not them, decide good service of fixing the whole responsibility up EXTRACT FROM COLONEL LI “The reasons that led me to fix Adelaide where it is judged of at present. My enemies, however, by disput pronounced small escarpment feature that jutted into Lake Torrens. The Point had, in the Engineer William Veale, become opinion of City nuisance location where youths jumped off the Point into waters of Lake. sought small extensions to its leasehold to th Corporation approved the former two under latter, and the lease was renewed for a further 21 years together with approval for a new stand and three additional tennis courts. This extension of lease land was approved at a public meeting on 11 August 1936 ( The future of the City Baths was back on th e Corporation agenda in 1938. appointed a special Committee to consider and revi ew the options for its future. Four proposals were put forward, the Corporation mindful that any swimming pool should confirm to Olympic pool requirements of 50.29 x 15.25m ( During World War II the Adelaide Oval was used as a military camp, and with victory in the Pacific children from around Adelaide put During 1949 the Corporation approved works In late 1936 the LTASA submitted an application to the Corporation for renewal of lease and a master plan for the future development of its land. Included was a new grandstand costed at £10,000 to replace the existing structure and the While this larger project was being undertaken, Orchard busy undertaking a host of different landscape projects throughout the munici several disused foot Womma/Park 26, he closed them over, and dismantled a large rockery in front of the Elder Park refreshment kiosk and created a new flower bed. In Creswell Gardens, Orchard widened the fountain bowl from 3.5m to 6.9m and constructed a new bitumen He also p. 11). 1936-37, 36, p. 37; In addition, the Committee proposed that a nameplate inscribed “Light’s Vision” be affixed to inscribedIn addition, the Committee proposed that a nameplate “Light’s Vision” be affixed an insc the balustrading at a cost of £12 and that

25 June The Advertiser he river, there grew a little

TARNDANYA WOMMA: 430 to remove Long’s Point from the the Long’s Point from remove to (MacDonald in of the river was the Permangh tribe. In fact it joo-vor-benjeroo-vor ca-an-boo” which means “five this particular part of t of an 18-hole golf course. There were no of an 18-hole ent of Montefiore Drive so that it directly towards the renovation and development of ) on mainly the western side were planted at d approved the 1924 second option as proposed e undertaken over 1964-65 and an extensive Figure Figure Report No. 4 (1958) dealt with Parks and Gardens 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS AND SQUARES gether with redevelopment of the River Corymbia citriodora cating the extensive earthworks proposed earthworks extensive cating the pink flower—like a star—which was known as “Pinke little stars.” We Australians called it “Mother of Millions” 1959). The tribe of aborigines which claimed and roamed that part roamed and formerly occupied the Adelaide Plains. On Plan of ‘Torrens Lake: Removal of Long’s Point’ dated 24 July 1949 as prepared by the Corporation’s City Corporation’s the 1949 as prepared by datedJuly 24 Long’s Point’ Removal of Lake: ‘Torrens Plan of indi Engineer William Veale, ACC archives G/562. Source: of the Lake. edge northern William CD Veale, undertook a study – August 1957 the Town Clerk, Colonel During March tour of council organisations and facilities in Europe North America, submitted his reports on various topics in October 1958. (Veale 1958) and made sweeping recommendations several parks around the Park Lands, to Torrens/Karrawirra Parri edges and the development its River edges. Womma/Park 26 and specific recommendations for Tarndanya During 1964 the Corporation finally adopted an by the Corporation’s City Engineer for the realignm connected to Jeffcott Street. These works wer avenue of Lemon-scented Gums ( the time. and and ] ) trees in This News 15 was written excelsior 8 February 1958). Fraxinus excelsior [ 8 February 1958; S The Advertiser Fraxinus Advertiser of the river near where Zoo is

alba ‘Pyramidalis’). The Advertiser

12 June, 19 June, 20 June, 25 12 June, 19 Populus The rted water from the spring in the Torrens the of car parking. The scheme was costed at (JS Rees in Advertiser nor , provided two interesting 10 November 1962; Sumerling 2003, p. 94). 10 November 1962; Sumerling 2003, p. a renovation to the Pinky Flat area “to ng up cars. A central feature of Pinky Flat is the ter to a height of 18m into the air (Day 2006, The which involved plantings of 145 English Ash ncillor Sir Henry Rymill disliked and expressed ncillor Sir Henry seeking consideration of a change by both the area was unofficially called ‘Picnic Flat’. This mark the visit by Queen Elizabeth II to South Gardens’, ‘War Memorial ‘John Philip were described in the Corporation Reports as derson. They lived on the bank car park … Some 200 English ash trees Sunday Mail e debate a letter to the editor of ement of the extant Golden Ash ( ‘Italica’] form shady avenues across the lawns and almost 200 12 August 1953, 8 March 1955, 9 March 1955; Sumerling 2003, p. 12 August 1953, 8 March 1955, 9 1955; Sumerling 12 June 1959; Anon, Populus nigra [ Advertiser ) trees and forty fastigiated White Poplars ( Advertiser The The excelsior … Why not the name of two old water carriers who ca early days? Their names were Chris and Henry An in the years between 1836 ad 1840. Lombardy poplars … so designed that it forms a modern attractive shrubs assist in providing barriers for lini ornamental lily pond with fountains which play into it

Fraxinus by Shonnia MacDonald pertaining to the name. MacDonald, granddaughter of Charles and Ann Vickerman who were appointed teachers by Gover pieces of information on this tract the River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri: During the course of this nomenclatur 27 June, 20 July, 21 July, 24 July 1959; 27 June, 20 July, 21 24 July 1959; Cockburn in explains the geometric spatial arrang this locality which would have aided the management £5,500 and commenced in October 1953. During the course of these landscape changes, the Corporation also entertained and voted to change the name of Flat being “not a suitable connotations (Council Minutes 7 March 1955; name for a beautiful garden” given its October 1953; 95). But Rees also related that the debate about the nomenclature of Pinky Flat continued in the Corporation’s chambers. There was an aversi on to the social and political connotations associated with ‘Pinky Flat’ recording that the debate resurfaced in 1959 when Sir Henry Newland proposed a change of nomenclature for the locality. Newland proposed the designation ‘Old Ford Gardens’ in reference to old ford that was adjacent to the site, and was supported in Pioneers Association and the Royal Geographical Society leading to suggestions by the Councillors that the name should be ‘Alford Reserve’, ‘Memorial Gardens’ all of which Cou that the existing name should remain. The matter was laid to rest by the Corporation in July 1959 with the name ‘Pinky Flat’ being adopted (JS Rees in regrade and beautify the north bank of Lake” but also to enable the parking of 660 cars during sporting events. The developments p. 22). In a letter to the editor, former City Councillor and then east Adelaide resident JS Rees reported on the outcome of the landscape works in Pinky Flat: In 1953 the Corporation proposed and undertook “rehabilitation” creating a “panoramic garden” ( Torrens fountain, installed to The 1954 Lake Australia, was removed in 2006 and sent to the scrap yard as recycled metal. It was to be replaced by a new $180,000 fountain that shot wa

TARNDANYA WOMMA: 431 in 1967. Source: SACA Archives in and planting locations in the Garden in 1975 during locations in the Garden planting and Figure Figure Figure

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS AND SQUARES the Laffer Garden installation.. Source: ACC archives B1/75/60. ACC archives Source: installation.. Garden Laffer the Perspective of the Victor Richardson Gates prepared by Ian Hannaford Gates prepared by Ian the Victor Richardson of Perspective layout the Gardens West indicating Pennington A plan of with associated construction works

1996, p. 43; ACC 1996, archives in 1964-65. Source: Morton in 1964-65. Source: Figure Road realignment works in progress on Montefiore Hill on Montefiore progress works in realignment Road HP3261.

Creswell Gardens and the the and Gardens Creswell

TARNDANYA WOMMA: 432 e left map depicts high significant vistas, and the (2001) mapping information as to significant views, to significant views, as (2001) mapping information

Figure Figure Figures 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS AND SQUARES in Pennington Gardens West, Gardens in Pennington ews or visual corridors assessed. assessed. corridors ews or visual e plan. Source: SACA Archives Adelaide Oval Conservation Study Review Oval Conservation Study Adelaide vistas and visual corridors in the leasehold, and and the leasehold, in corridors visual vistas and Light’s Womma/Park Vision portion 26. of Tarndanya Th right map depicts views, vistas and vi Extracts from the current lease to the South Australian Cricket Association for the lease of the Oval. Note the the Note Oval. the of lease the for Association Cricket Australian South to the lease current the from Extracts th lease in of the delineation spatial Extracts fromthe

Advertiser to enable the Adelaide Oval Conservation May 1968. Mrs Robin Laffer died 1990, p. 242; Cameron 1997, pp. 129- et al tage significance of the Oval, including the Centre Act 1969 the South Australian Cricket Association and me £5,000 was raised. Local architect Ian the present site; the subsequent Dunstan state CA for a period of 50 years to 30 June 2004 growing political commitment to the Adelaide mes Irwin initiated the movement to honour 1973 by Prime Minister Gough Whitlam, and in g the design and construction of an electronic Plaza (Furlong 1988, p. 21; Campbell 1998, pp. i, Plaza teele Hall actioned this idea and proposed a site r and was intended to be a gift the cceptance by the state Government that the state ll within a South Australian Performing Arts ll within a South Australian Performing Arts of the gates (ACC Archives file 2827/65; , through representations by Sir n Stand was opened on 20 January 1990 (Marsden n Stand was opened on 20 January 1990 (Marsden ected in Pennington Gardens West following a hese gates were erected to honour Victor York Brighton, prior to his death in 1990, p. 242). 131). In 1968 the state Government under premier Robert Helpmann, proposed that a Festival Ha Centre be erected. Later in that year, Premier S adjacent to the River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri at government pursued this proposal and passed the project to proceed. The Centre followed from a Festival of Arts that commenced in 1960, and a property was first in 1963. The ‘Carclew’ needed a new Festival Hall to host the proposed as the site for Hall before present site was selected. Ground work commenced on the Hassell designed complex in 1970, including felling of numerous trees and demolition of the Kiosk rotunda and a early 1960s erected Sound Shell structure. The new Festival Theatre complex was opened on 2 June 1977 Queen Elizabeth II dedicated the Festival xii, 1-23). The Robin Michael Laffer rose garden was er bequest from the estate of Robin Michael Laffe Corporation and not strictly to create a garden. It is believed that Laffer had resided with his Street, aged mother of 28 King 11 January 1966, p. 3; 30 October 1967, p. 3; Marsden 30 October 1967, p. 3; Marsden 11 January 1966, p. 3; just before the opening of garden on October 12, 1977. At the Adelaide Oval, Sir Donald Bradma et al In 1994 the Corporation renewed lease to SA annum. with an annual rental of $19,084.80 per In 2000 SACA, in conjunction with the Corporation, commissioned On 28 October 1967 the Victor Richardson Gates, on Oval Road, were unveiled honouring Victor York Richardson. The Gates feature five iron gates framed by sporting legend pylons with a large central plaque reading “T Richardson, 1894-1969.” Mayor and architect Ja the South Australian National Football League, so Hannaford supervised the design and sculptor John Dowie designed the friezes; central plaque was added two years after the opening Study Review (2001) that considered the cultural heri leasehold, views, the adjacent park lands in Tarndanya Womma/Park 26, and its /Aboriginal significance (Swanbury Penglase Architects 2001). This Study Review underpinned the subsequent development proposals prepared by Hassell for the Oval that included retaining significance views and enablin scoreboard, the Clem Hill Stand, and Chappell Stands. Richardson and with a public appeal supported by

TARNDANYA WOMMA: 433

(2001) mapping places, components and spaces, mapping places, components (2001) Figures

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS AND SQUARES Adelaide Oval Conservation Study Review Conservation Study Oval Adelaide Extract from the from Extract excluding visual precincts,merit.cultural heritage of

d mounds, Ficus sp. significance as South Creswell Gardens are of landscape

since 1871 to the present day. de for the games of cricket, football s include: the Mostyn Evan/ George integrity grandstand of the 1930 period within ‘Statement of Significance’ for the e highly significant ‘arts & crafts’ style mechanical the designation of the leasehold area as a and its setting are of high cultural and landscape ance due to its association with famous sports people as a Place of State Heritage Value, including formal development of the place, illustrated in the most picturesque in the worl d, due to its setting and national and international is & Victor Richardson Gates

gnificance for Adelaide Oval: sculptures (currently listed) monial entrance to the Oval complex. acent Pennington Gardens West and cket – with matches held at the Oval the leasehold boundary ion of items. Significant building : (equivalent to Local Heritage (City Significance) listing): Recommended Places of Heritage Value Recommended - including primarily Moderate value views: South-east view to cityscape East to hills escarpment Along Victor Richardson Drive ax Score board Sir Edwin Smith, George Giffen and Mostyn Evan Grandstand North and south grassed mounds High value views: Internal view/ vista of the Oval itself From the Oval Grandstands towards the Score board, northern grasse The Oval site – within East entry gatehouse Clarrie Grimmett Gates Tea House (former) and Gates Richardson Victor Turnstiles, bench seats Moreton Bay Figs (north mound) Trees, Cathedral and spires - and secondarily It is proposed that Adelaide Oval be listed identified features of heritage significance within the Place. Adelaide Oval as a State Heritage Place

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • The Oval’s history is reflected in the progressive, in Adelaide Oval, established in 1871, is of local, Within the Park Lands context, the Oval, its vistas Australia’s primary venue for cri Adelaide Oval has been the major focus for the deve lopment of sport within South Australia since its inception, providing a centra l venue within the Park Lands of Adelai and other sports. The place is of high social signific and events is held in high esteem by the community. buildings and the commemorat Giffen/ Sir Edwin Smith grandstand – the largest high South Australia; several entrance gate structures and th Scoreboard. Concise Statement of Cultural Si value. The Oval is considered by many to be the open, informal character. The adj significance in design and as the cere Study Review (2001, p. 1.1) proposed the following The Adelaide Oval leasehold area: State Heritage Place as follows: The Study Review (2001, pp. 1.1) also recommended

(Long 2003, (Long 2003, Gardens West with a Gardens West with ton Gardens West. Source: ton Gardens

TARNDANYA WOMMA: 434 2002 depicting Pennington depicting 2002 c. Figure roxylon spp. sideroxylon and E. citriodora

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS AND SQUARES Penning and developed planted ased by Australia Post in Colonel Light are avenues of Eucalyptus side pp. 50-51). pp. 50-51). private collection. private collection. $10.00 stamp depicting a period scene in the . This is a favourite vista that has has vista that favourite is a This Garden. Botanic Adelaide the in scene period a depicting $10.00 stamp Pelzer since ever for images used been historically A colour photograph postcard rele postcard A colour photograph

(2001) . banks, taking advantage meaning ‘the final meaning ‘the final m lanigerum) have been planted. ty contemporary elements such as wilyaru , meaning ‘Initiation Ground’, r Torrens and include, Eucalyptus strian space, the promenade would need to the north-facing river he opportunity to promote Adelaide’s civic a natural north-facing amphitheatre. An the river would provide greater interest and esign, providing social and economic benefits. the river. Honed concrete pavers were selected as ying functional an aesthetic considerations. This uous open space spine through metropolitan Wilyaru Yerta strian promenade along the southern edge of and vehicular access to rowing sheds. yerta meaning ‘ground’. Amery also the ‘Barr Smith Walk’ (Tuxworth 2006, pp. 4- ralian Institute of Architects awards for its renovation of the now named ‘Torrens Walk’ rrens Lake Walk’, was introduced through this ated with urban design ideas articulated by of Adelaide Oval. The surrounding areas include ensis, Large Bindweed (Calystegia sepium) and en, formerly James Hayter & Associates, were ptember 2002, and has received peer Australian Areas along Montifiore Road towards the statue of morial Drive/Adelaide Oval beyond. Kangaroo Paw and Rosemary Grevillea (Grevillea ering Slender Knotweed (Persicaria decipiens) of Tarndanya Womma/Park 26 Long observed that: of Tarndanya Womma/Park 26 Long observed ion between users and the water. 2005, p. 75). 2005, p. rrens there is a planted garden terrace with a number of Australian North Terrace Precincts Development: Concept Design integrate well with other high–quali shrubs of Silky Tea-tree (Leptospermu , ‘Adelaide Plain’, could be a more relevant toponym for the ist along this section of the Rive he promenade features a varied or ‘serrated’ edge, providing multiple Tarndanya Womma ning area of Parkning 26 is in the precinct of sun and views to the water Me Linear Spine – The river features as a contin Adelaide, providing a focus for movement, recreation and environment. Varied Edge – A variety of edge treatments to different opportunities for interact Vehicular Movement – Although primarily a pede accommodate service and emergency vehicles, Civic Character and Urban Design Quality – T character through thoughtful and appropriate d Celebration of Landform – the Torrens Lake is optimal design would ideally retain and strengthen • • • • • the most appropriate material for the promenade, satisf paving material was also deemed to The remai opportunities for isolated activities and interaction with The adopted design solution for t street furniture and public artwork (Tuxworth 2006, p. 5). Along the north bank of the River To rosmarinifolia). Along the actual banks of River Torrens some trees Swamp Wattle (Acacia retinodes var. retinodes) and a few Some indigenous native plants ex camaldulensis var. camaldulensis, Typha doming remarkably one large colony of the pink flow gardens planted with a variety of exotic species. native species for example, Anigozanthus sp. to Tarndanya Womma/Park 26. He drew the nomenclature from urban design excellence. The nomenclature, ‘To 5). Amery (1997; 2002, p. 271) proposed the toponym Taylor Cullity Lethlean (2001) in their This waterside promenade was completed in Se Institute of Landscape Architects and Royal Aust project supplanting the historical nomenclature of stage of initiation which includes cicatrisation’ and hypothesised that Adelaide Oval and this name was later selected by the Corporation for designation over Tarndanya Womma/Park 26 (Draper et al In reviewing the extant biological resources Lake Torrens. These works were partially associ During 2001 the Corporation also proposed instead of the previous ‘Barr Smith Walk’; the pede report in terms of creating North Terrace – River Torrens/Karrawirra Parri linkages and enhancing circulation patterns. GDH and Oxig commissioned to prepare designs for this renovat ion, and their sought address: