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Comité Organizador COMITÉ ORGANIZADOR Víctor Manuel Peralta Mata PRESIDENTE COMITÉ SISTEMA PRODUCTO CHILE DE ZACATECAS A.C. Salvador López Rodríguez PRESIDENTE CONSEJO ESTATAL DE PRODUCTORES DE CHILE EN ZACATECAS S.C. Ángel Gabriel Bravo Lozano Alfredo Lara Herrera Jaime Mena Covarrubias COORDINADOR DEL PROGRAMA CIENTÍFICO Lourdes González Contreras Lourdes Ortiz Romero José Manuel Lara Félix Víctor Manuel Guerrero Cruz Javier Chávez Ávila COORDINADOR OPERATIVO LOGÍSTICA Y DISEÑO 2 Mesa Directiva CONSEJO ESTATAL DE PRODUCTORES DE CHILE EN ZACATECAS S.C. Ing. Salvador López Rodríguez PRESIDENTE Ing. Víctor Manuel Peralta mata VICEPRESIDENTE Ing., Juan Lara Pacheco SECRETARIO Ing. Armando Muro Rodarte TESORERO Alfredo Lara Herrera José Manuel Lara Félix Jaime Mena Covarrubias Ángel Gabriel Bravo Lozano COMITÉ EDITORIAL DE LAS MEMORIAS DEL FORO Colina del Ángel, Número: 208 A, Fraccionamiento: Las Colinas 1ra. Sección. Zacatecas, Zac México. Teléfono: (492) 9230256 Pagina WEB: www.comitechilezac.org E-mail: [email protected] 3 ESLABONES PRESTADOR SERVICIOS PROFESIONALES Titular: Gastón Esparza Frausto Suplente: Raúl Aguilar Hernández PROVEEDORES DE SISTEMAS DE RIEGO Titular: Fernando Manrique Tovar COMERCIALIZADORES Titular: Francisco Mendoza Garcini Suplente: Ignacio Ruiz Delgado PROVEEDORES DE MAQUINARIA AGRICOLA Titular: Adolfo Luna Ortiz Suplente: Alfredo Guerra Polo PROVEEDORES DE ENPAQUES Y CAJAS Titular: Eugenio Vázquez Vázquez Suplente: Juan Carlos Serrano Méndez INDUSTRIALES Titular: José Antonio Gómez Silva Suplente: Julio Cesar Ortiz Peralta PROVEEDORES DE AGROINSUMOS Titular: Juan Romero García TRANSPORTISTAS Titular: Saúl Acuña Veyna Suplente: Jesús Ángel Muñoz López PROVEEDORES DE PLANTULA Titular: Víctor Manuel Peralta Mata Suplente: Juan Judas Solís Alvarado CONSEJO ESTATAL DE PRODUCTORES DE CHILE Titular: Salvador López Rodríguez Suplente: Víctor Manuel Peralta Mata 4 INSTITUCIONES PARTICIPANTES 5 Índice 1 Estrategia de competitividad de la cadena productiva de chiles en el estado de zacatecas. Ing. Ma. de Lourdes González Contreras Coordinadora de los Sistemas Producto Delegación SAGARPA Zacatecas 8 Esquema alternativo para el financiamiento del cultivo del chile en zacatecas Ing. Ricardo Romero Ayala 13 Enfermedades del cultivo de chile en zacatecas. Dr. J. Jesús Avelar Mejía Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas Unidad Académica de Agronomía 33 Control biológico de enfermedades en hortalizas en el valle de villa de arista. S.l.p Dr. Ángel Gabriel Alpuche Solís QFB Elvira Hernández Rico IPICYT/ Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica División de Biología Molecular Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Plantas 40 Estrategia para el manejo de amarillamiento del cultivo de chile en Zacatecas Dr. Jaime Mena Covarrubias Investigador INIFAP Campo Experimental Zacatecas 50 Principios y objetivos de un manejo integrado de plagas en el cultivo de chile (pulga saltona, afido, gusanos) Dra. Martha Patricia España Luna Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas Unidad Académica de Agronomía 6 Dr. Julio Lozano Gutiérrez Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas Unidad Académica de Agronomía 57 Manejo Integrado de Pulgón saltador Dr. Rafael Bújanos Muñiz INIFAP. Campo Experimental Bajío Celaya, Guanajuato, México 70 Manejo Integrado de mosca blanca Dr. Urbano Nava Camberos Facultad de Agricultura y Zootecnia Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango 102 Manejo integrado de plagas en el cultivo de chile, con énfasis en conservación de fauna benéfica MC. Enrique Garza Urbina Investigador INIFAP Campo Experimental las Huastecas, Sitio Experimental Ébano, San Luis Potosí 110 Manejo Integrado de barren Dr. Edgardo Cortez Mondaca INIFAP Sinaloa Campo Experimental Valle del Fuerte El contenido de las publicaciones de esta Memoria es responsabilidad de los autores. ESTRATEGIA DE COMPETITIVIDAD DE LA CADENA PRODUCTIVA DE CHILES EN EL ESTADO DE ZACATECAS Ma. de Lourdes Gonzalez Contreras1; Salvador López Rodriguez2; Victor Manuel Peralta Mata3 1Coordinadora de Sistemas Producto, Delegación Federal de la SAGARPA en Zacatecas 2Presidente del Consejo Estatal de Productores de Chiles 3Presidente del Comité Sistema Producto Chile en Zacatecas, A.C. [email protected] 7 ANTECEDENTES A partir del año 2003 el Gobierno Federal, a través de la SAGARPA comenzó a promover la integración de los actores de las cadenas productivas a través de los Sistemas Producto, en donde se deberá agrupar a todos los participantes para la obtención de un bien común, desde el abastecimiento de los insumos pasando por la producción, industrialización, comercialización y llegando hasta el consumidor final. Con esta estrategia de trabajo, en Zacatecas se impulsa la creación del Sistema Producto Chile para ser una de las primeras cadenas productivas en trabajar bajo este nuevo esquema; por lo que de manera conjunta, integrantes de la cadena y autoridades oficiales en el estado logran la conformación del Comité Sistema Producto Chile de Zacatecas A.C., cuyo objetivo es: Mejorar la productividad de la cadena de chiles secos vía el equipamiento e infraestructura requerida con esquemas tecnológicos competitivos. Agregar valor al producto mediante una mejor presentación (deshidratado, selección, clasificación y empaque), industrialización y la gestión de mercados con visión empresarial. 8 Integrar a los productores a otras fases de la cadena que generan ganancia en las que aún no participan (transformación, industrialización y comercialización). En la actualidad y en este mundo globalizado la competencia ya no es entre productores de determinada región o entre productores de los diferentes estados del país, si no que esta competencia es ahora entre países, por lo que el siguiente cuadro refleja la situación que guarda la producción de chiles en México contra el resto de los países productores: Chile Seco Producción Área cosechada Rendimiento (2008) (Ton) (Hectáreas) (Toneladas/Hectárea) 1 India 1,269,850 779,050 1.6299 2 China 252,000 41,000 6.1463 3 Bangladesh 117,765 93,638 1.2576 4 Perú 165,000 21,500 7.6744 5 Pakistán 130,000 66,000 1.9696 6 Etiopía 115,000 290,000 0.3965 7 Ghana 81,000 12,500 6.48 8 Viet Nam 78,500 51,000 1.5392 9 Myanmar 71,000 109,000 0.65 10 México 103,420.35 61,659.46 1.68 Como se puede apreciar entre estos 10 países México ocupa el 7° lugar en producción, pero como gran consumidor de chile que es; nuestro país es visto como un gran destino potencial de las producciones obtenidas en la India, China y Perú, principalmente. 9 PRINCIPALES IMPORTADORES DE CHILE SECO PRINCIPALES EXPORTADORES DE CHILE SECO Valor Valor Miles de Miles de País Toneladas unitario País Toneladas unitario Dólares Dólares (dls/ton) (dls/ton) Estados 1 Unidos de 102,589 $204,386 $1,992 1 India 188,551 $243,304 $1,290 América 2 México 46,448 $96,514 $2,078 2 China 128,215 $242,984 $1,895 3 Malasia 53,853 $81,620 $1,516 3 Perú 58,987 $136,199 $2,309 4 España 33,645 $68,869 $2,047 4 España 26,719 $81,076 $3,034 5 Alemania 19,054 $68,432 $3,591 5 Alemania 4,474 $26,121 $5,838 6 Japón 11,869 $47,917 $4,037 6 Brasil 5,243 $19,757 $3,768 7 Sri Lanka 34,914 $41,535 $1,190 7 Túnez 11,343 $18,789 $1,656 Reino Países 8 7,343 $25,183 $3,430 8 4,316 $16,053 $3,719 Unido Bajos Países 9 8,257 $20,239 $2,451 9 Chile 3,322 $15,932 $4,796 Bajos 10 Tailandia 32,882 $19,539 $594 10 Israel 4,448 $12,943 $2,910 República 11 9,407 $19,413 $2,064 11 México 7,573 $12,507 $1,652 de Corea 12 Canadá 6,391 $18,539 $2,901 12 Hungría 2,676 $12,402 $4,635 13 Pakistán 28,356 $18,155 $640 13 Bélgica 3,239 $9,652 $2,980 República 14 Francia 3,793 $16,672 $4,395 14 2,220 $9,345 $4,209 de Corea 15 Bélgica 5,013 $14,173 $2,827 15 Serbia 1,837 $8,981 $4,889 Estados 16 Polonia 4,678 $13,919 $2,975 16 Unidos de 2,579 $8,661 $3,358 América 17 Austria 3,223 $13,394 $4,156 17 Francia 1,160 $7,701 $6,639 18 Hungría 3,991 $13,143 $3,293 18 Malasia 19,565 $7,050 $360 19 Indonesia 14,891 $12,041 $809 19 Austria 992 $7,021 $7,078 Federación 20 6,962 $10,309 $1,481 20 Tailandia 2,596 $6,111 $2,354 de Rusia TOTAL TOTAL 437,559 $823,992 $48,467 480,055 $902,589 $69,369 MUNDIAL MUNDIAL Fuente: FAOTAT 2008 El grafico anterior nos refleja que México es deficitario en la producción de chile seco, y que tenemos una gran oportunidad de satisfacer la demanda nacional, pero que debemos ser más competitivos, incrementar rendimientos y calidades a un menor costo. SITUACION ESTATAL En Zacatecas el cultivo de chile se produce en su totalidad bajo condiciones de riego, concentrándose las principales regiones productoras en los Distritos de Desarrollo Rural de Fresnillo, Ojocaliente, Río Grande y Zacatecas, habiendo registrado para el año 2009 las siguientes producciones: En el municipio de Fresnillo se reportó una extensión dedicada a la siembra del cultivo de 10,462 ha, equivalentes al 28% de la superficie estatal. En Villa de Cos se sembraron 9,912 ha de chile, que corresponde al 26% de la superficie estatal sembrada, tan solo estos dos municipios (Fresnillo y Villa de Cos) concentran el 52% del total de la superficie sembrada. Guadalupe con 3,040 ha, (8%), Calera con 2,250 hectáreas 10 (6%) y General Pánfilo Natera con 1,800.00 ha (5%). En total estos cinco municipios aportaron el equivalente al 72.5% de la superficie sembrada de chile en Zacatecas (SIAP, 2009). PRODUCCION ESTATAL DE CHILE DEL 2000 - 2009 AÑOS 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Superficie ( Ha. ) 34,264 32,092 36,602 39,123 39,532 37,579 39,443 37,215 34,918.65 37,877 Vol.
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