Hayle Townscape Initiative

Heritage Trails Appreciating Hayle—— the historical background Hayle—— Townscape Initiative 03

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That Hayle was once the the once was Hayle That Hayle Townscape Initiative Townscape This has been publication created as part localThe knowledge considerable and research Engine builders, shipwrights shipwrights builders, Engine

which has been mined this for is very publication appreciated much and gratefully acknowledged. Hayle Historical Assessment CahillNick and the Cornwall Archaeology 2000 Unit, Trail Town Hayle Brian 1983 Sullivan, The Harveys Hayle: of and merchants Cornwall of 1966 Vale, Edmund Cornwall County Council: The history the of Cornish Copper Company W H Pascoe, 1981 a regeneration project that the Townscape, hasof Hayle funded the refurbishment a number historic of of buildings in the town and aided in the upgrading Foundry of Square. Funding partners the of Townscape beenhave the European Regional the Agency, South Development West Englandof Regional English Agency, Development Heritage, the National Heritage Lottery Fund, The Guinness Council, Trust, Town Hayle Penwith District Council and Cornwall County Council.

Acknowledgements: Principal sources been:have centre of the Industrial Revolution is a best kept secret. Widely — Widely secret. kept best a is Revolution Industrial the of centre is there surf, and sands golden beautiful bay, its known for also much interest in Hayle as a heritage town. Its importance importance Its town. heritage a as Hayle in interest much also in advances great mining saw also which port, a major as the of part a being it to led has technologies, engineering Site. Heritage World Mining Devon West and Cornwall

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background the historical historical the H a y l e Appreciating Appreciating Appreciating Hayle—— the historical background Hayle—— ATownscape World Heritage Initiative Site 05

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Hayle Townscape Initiative Townscape Mining tin of Cornwall and copper in West Georgian of network and VictorianHayle’s from Harvey John blacksmith 1779, In industrialdrove the and the area’s development growth hamlets of bordering the estuary from century. the 18th The large scale of the estuary, proximity its mines coal, to Welsh and to easy access and smelters the Welsh greattrading centre an Bristol, made it of ideal trading port. holdingquays, pools, canal, floatingdock sluices was and begun in the with Merchant Modern began Hayle Penpol Quay. Curnow’s 1740s at Perranzabuloe Cosier of Gideon when between a copper smelter up set This and was 1735. by the followed construction a tin of at 1710 smelter Angarrack. the Then,Cornish in Copper 1758, from Company moved and builtinland a copper Ventonleague smelting at the to foreshore (afterworks which came Copperhouse be known). to Carnhell a small Green up set iron foundry and engineering at works known. be to came Foundry works whose after Co., & Harvey – Carnsew As the two time firms by, went with their differentstructures business (the Cornish Copper Company being shareholder based and Harvey & Co. being family developed very based), differently in terms their of character and operation. Their different styles company strongly physicaland development separate influencedtwo and town’s the distinctive settlements company grew around up their respective Foundry at bases andCopperhouse. Industrial The Development: 18th century onwards

Trade in medievalTrade times of produced a network Winning Cornwall’s mineral wealth stimulated Evidence of ‘Cousin Jack’s, asEvidence Cornish ‘Cousin Jack’s, of emigrants industrialThe outstanding value Hayle’s of estuaryHayle has provided a safe harbour and

a focus settlement for since prehistory. The Iron Age hill Carnsew fort at and a small Lelant Roman of the fort on site churchyard were strategically the to estuary. access control to Thesited estuary important saw international tin trading in the 5th – 7th centuries which probably Christianityhelped spread Britain. to quays around the estuary, serviced by roads the causeways to waterside, across flats the ferry a mud and across estuary the mouth. Tinstreaming industrywas a major Leland by the 1530s, noting in his travels that had it cloggingbeen for responsible the estuary Erth, St to up requiring a new port the at estuary mouth.

a global industrial technology, with sophisticated mine drainage systems powered by ever-more efficientsteam-driven pumping engines,designed and built industrial here in the town.history Hayle’s is an important Cornwall’s industrial of cornerstone heritage. are known and Cornish engineering can be in found mining communities all including the over as world, far places as away Mexico, Peru, South Africa and Australia. from Visitors all may recognise the over world Cornish pumping and winding engines and their engine from houses examples exported with Cornish miners, expertise and equipment. infrastructure has been recognised by in inclusion its 2006. the in Cornwall andSite Heritage World a as inscribed – Landscape Mining Devon West detailedFor information the Corning about Mining Heritage Site, World visit www.cornish-mining.org.uk please the site dedicated web Hayle Estuary,Hayle Minerals & Trade Heritage Status Cornwall’s Technology and World its Cornwall’s Appreciating Hayle—— the historical background Hayle—— The two compnaies 07 —

Hayle The two companies The Cornish Copper Company was the only may cash in workers its paid company the That In contrast, Harvey & Co. was a family business after wasIt only in the the company’s 1870s, incompany Cornwall copper in smelt ever to large it quantities. Later, became a general foundry, building Cornish beam engines. The firm a century over enjoyed within progress of and development the area, which became known the Now as canal Copperhouse. and dock are the most heritage. archaeological industrial company’s the remainsof prominent the seem unusual, for accounts not purpose-built it but lining shops the there.streets houses Its and public Copperhouse the of of presence andbusiness social attitudes are reflected in layingthe buildingof out for Street Cross and Street Johns St around area tightly-knit the in plots and housing the scoria provision blocksworkers’ of building for them. that first looked itsown to and of the grandhouses the family and directors can be in found and Millpond further Avenue Foundry up Hill. theirThere for and homes provision workforce was more of less much closely targeted, such as theattractive little known houses row of as the Drivers’) for Row heavy handlersDrovers’ (or horse and drovers mule theof Foundry’s farm. The houses. late There public or shops were no century 19th early the reflects area Foundry the in shops of arrival Co. & Harvey Square. Foundry in Emporium own Harvey’s of dominance Foundry in development retail independent constrained have to seems and the was only the shop Harvey Barclay’s Emporium Bank (now and Foundry House). influencewere built weaker, wasshops that in only the available spaces Terrace. Penpol and Terrace Chapel in properties of gardens front the – where thePenpol, first recorded industrystarted, number has a of late 19th and early 20th century structures Elwyn’s – St Church, the Drill Hall, Edwards the Passmore Institute and the Memorial War – that were company two the between ground neutral the link to intended clearly settlements and heal help the social rifts between their communities.

The Cornish Copper Company, Company, Copper The Cornish two

The companies — leading of partnership year a rolling as 21 in 1755 constituted was The company Angarrack in to 1757. moved entrepreneurs, and 1810 around century to 18th fromthe mid copper smelting large into it casting – by – called scoria slag recycling smelter its and quays its both constructed withbuilding it blocks which Copperhouse. at the dock Appreciating Hayle—— the historical background Hayle—— Quays and hydrology 09

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Hayle Quays and hydrology and Quays At Penpol andAt Riviere, Penpol and behind alongside builtThe complex by the waterside Cornish Quays also survive in the wider estuary centurythe 18th later facing scoria blocks of and timber screening, are while walls quay Merchant the stone Quays Curnow’s around of of 1740, Carnsew are Quay still built in 1758 being visible partly despite buried in 20th century fill.1834 rebuilt latterThe quay completely in wasnot with the Carnsew formation of northerly – the most Pool earlier, section survives has been but in cut the through work later and partly altered by the constructed sluices manage to the flushingsiltof and sand from Harvey deep channel. water & Co’s survivesCopper in Company in large 1768/69 measure land on reclaimed using from crushed the (scoria) and slag retained smelter by cast scoria block walls. The group includes thedock (floating) with water. deep to canal a and wharves gates, wooden its of remains the The canal bank crushed of scoria is still marked with mooring some blocks, scoria cast of structure well-made a is dock the while posts, wallsits scalloped provided Pool Copperhouse accommodate boats. to the Cornish Copper Company with sluicing a holding pool for silt from deep channel. its water Quay Lelant and Quay Lane Green Lelant Quay, Hill Station Lelant – (also known as Dynamite with associated Quay, some Quay). Grigg’s buildings, two construction; shows of phases the earlier granite of and the cast of scoria later blocks.

The estuary is fed by several The estuary several by isfed

sources – the Hayle and Penpol Rivers, the Angarrack stream stream Angarrack the Rivers, Penpol and Hayle the – sources running streams more off Lelant a couple and from the east relatively estuary is a huge, The Hayle the west. Downs to volume an enormous with tidal range: a good complex shallow estuary the of mouth the of out and in quickly passes water of and location and depth shiftingwith tide, the sandbar’s each dredging. periodic requiring —

hydrology

Quays Quays and Appreciating Hayle—— the historical background Hayle—— Railways 11

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Hayle Railways In 1758, between 500 and 500 between In 1758, The Act the Railway for Hayle was in passed the firstIn 1843, regularservicepassenger This is be thought the to first of example

its kindits in England. sections Various railway the of old system survive; there evidence is extensive the rails some of once of network and and, – Quay East and Quay North notably – quays the on tramlines areas paving some Althoughperhaps, of South Quay. on the main and branch lines used steam engines, the Quays Penpol system used horse shuntingpower right for until up closed it in 1963. and the with line1834 terminus opened its in 1837 the of south just viaduct in Foundry Square. The was from route Redruth, to Hayle with Tresavean. and Mine Roskear North Mine, Crofty Portreath, to branches was begun between and Redruth. Hayle branch a new the of In 1852, railway was run from Cornwall the West new Railway and station goods yardthe east of Foundry viaduct various to the Penpol on at works along North This Towans Hayle Quay. of side link west south was made necessary by the re-routing the of main line bypass to the Riviere Railway, Hayle the the of old wharf-sideroute rail system which of was maintained and improved. Quay Branch Overbridge was built in 1852 iron. and granite from constructed is and Railway Cornwall West the for Branchingfrom the to former up safety and sloping side points one at embankment is a ramp any decelerate train designed to that out went control. of

— Hayle, at seen be would day a packhorses and mules 1000 returning and the mines inland to transporting supplies problem transport the of scale The ore. copper with laden link intimate withits the miningand industry is reflected in railway a Hayle. of establishment in the early Railways Appreciating Hayle—— the historical background Hayle—— The three trails 13 —

Hayle The three trails These three trails provide provide trails three These The three three The trails Introducing Hayle’s Industrial Heritage Industrial Hayle’s Introducing — evidence physical surviving the to introduction brief a only the industrial driver of a major as past important Hayle’s of settlements two remarkable of town This composite revolution. expertise in world-leading of heritage its for is renowned heavy engineering. cutting-edge mining and technology

Appreciating Hayle—— the historical background Hayle—— The three trails 15

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3 Q B h t r o N Pool Carnsew Appreciating Hayle—— the historical background Hayle—— Foundry Square and Quays 17 This trail starts at and Foundry Square North at Quay. finishes hour. one about takes It —  Trail one Appreciating Hayle—— the historical background Hayle—— Foundry Square and Quays 19

05 This building is an early 19th century century 19th early an is Thisbuilding There are extensive internal remains the of Equally important are the remains This classically styled building was part of In the early 19th century, this building The similarity in materials and detailing 04

alteration andalteration extension original of were1780 built officesthat from as part the of headquarters Harvey of the & Co. Note clock turret; at the stage clocksone are displayed have said local to times. and London original offices. specialOf interest are casttwo iron and fireproofed strong rooms, fittings, door windows, cast columnsiron supportsand and 19th later century stair and with reception suite, evidence other of openings the and of original curved north front the of building. incorporated the in of building, the side west both externally and internally, parts of the of original century 18th late foundry. These include the main entrance; yard, the cobbled building walls, furnaces from dating kilnalso lime a of part possibly, and, bases chimney and the 1770s. the former Harvey’s Emporium, headquarters Harvey of & Co. iron is anfounders. It early 19th century extension a 1780s and of alteration block with entrance its in the central, narrower bay; part the of main century. 20th the in bank a as remodeled was plan thehoused foundrypart officesof shop, general the and tradingside which business, J H Trevithick to passed Harveyof In & Co.’s in 1852. was it the convertedto Biscuit Cornubia Factory and1895 the building stands now as it is largely that of date. between the HTP Bakehouse Foundry and 22/23 Square is related to their ownership by J H Trevithick rather than the Harvey’s. By 1890, firmmerged had with other the based Hayle great milling firm of form HTP to & Son W Hosken (Hosken, Trevithick and Polkinghorne), 03 03 04 05 Barclay’s Bank Foundry House John Harvey House

02 01 Foundry Square was the central focus this of a graphic housing Now design studio, an The although interior, subdivided was later, part in Hayle the of days Harvey’s when Foundry and shipyard were operating. the From near the pavement viaduct, Foundry of the whole Square can be seen. Located anti-clockwise from the north are White’s John HarveyWarehouse, Barclay’sBank, House, Foundry Foundry House, Hill, the White Hart the Hotel, Bank,Masonic Hall, Road, Lloyd’s Penpol viaduct. railway the and Gardens Isis Terrace, Chapel Office, Post the Terrace Penpol and Creek Penpol Quay, Penpol lie viaduct the Beyond theon Copperhouse. road to animation studio and a café-bar, this attractive building was used as an oriental carpet warehouse several for years in the 20th late century. The structureretains the of much original its but building stores 1828, about of appearance from dates a substantial remodeling in the 19th late century. The rear elevation has the remains furnaces of the to added adjoining JH the of part became building the 1852, From 1840s. the in foundry Trevithick Richard of Holdings (Son Trevithick) and was from separated the foundry. Known time one at as Trevithick’s by the early 20th Stores, century was it operating as the HTP Bakehouse the Steam Bakery. or Hayle structurally unaltered with a good series cast of iron columns and beams and the remains machinery. of Against the viaduct stands a boundary marked GWRstone Railway). Western (Great

Trail tip 2 towards theWalk White Hart Hotel. the are right your On next few buildings discussed. White’s Warehouse 01 Foundry Square Trail tip 1 outside trail Startthe Warehouse, White’s close to the viaduct on the western side western side the on Square. Foundry of 02 Appreciating Hayle—— the historical background Hayle—— Foundry Square and Quays 21

10 08 The Post Office building epitomises a a epitomises building Office Post The Beyond theBeyond Masonic Hall and the car park is This building an was imposing once 09 08 vernacular architecture peculiar with Hayle, roof, to local slated its (whichpebbledash succeeded the original pane split roughcast), windowssash with their architraves decorative plaster and the wide surrounds door decorative plaster with their horizontal rustication on both that runs sides smoothly the into radial markings voussoir the of flat arch lintel. Post Office The standsroughly of onsite George the which Trelissick Tin was by Harvey bought Smelter, 1820 Grenfell’s and demolished. The was& Co. in reused the site for 1855 Drill Hall Artillery theof Volunteer Battery. two-storey building, the Foundry which Market House, also housed first cinema.seriousHayle’s A fire causedmajor 1930s indamage the and the was storey upper removed. Road. ThisPenpol time, one was, the at main Redruth road to as shown centuryby the 18th milestone re-used in the front garden wall 3 No. of Road. AlthoughPenpol thisearly 19th row of century dwellings was lived the in at Harvey’s by workers was Foundry, it built land on owned by a director the of Cornish Copper exactly Company at the same time as Harvey’s was in the throws conflict bitter most its of withit.

08 09 10 Post OfficePost Trail tip 3 the from away Walk White Hart, towards viewthe to estuary, the buildings. few next Penpol Road Bank Lloyd’s

07 In 1838, HenryIn 1838, Harvey built this large and the left theTo of White Hart is the Hotel 06 one of the of largestone milling, grocery Bristol of west and shipping businesses in the early 20th century. Their style house can also be seen inbuildings in early an in detailing terracotta or brick red bright of consisted and Truro Northern Renaissance style. The Cornish noted architect Sylvanus Trevail inwas Truro employed be would and interesting it know to whether he was with involved the remodelling these buildings of Thein Hayle. BiscuitCornubia Factory was an early purpose-built production line belt bake designed system, to factory, biscuits which a conveyor on was time and temperature controlled. is Harvey built It of the on site & Co.’s shop. earlier coppersmith’s imposing White second Hart accommodate and his to impress Hotel growing clientele. business This stylish three-storey stuccoed building is the focus Foundry of Square and is built the over pool. former Penpol Behind with the are and hotel smithy, former its stables a granite boundary stone. Henry by built Hotel Hart White original the Thiswas Hall. Masonic Harvey provide to a living in 1834 his for recently Jane widowed sister, Harvey Trevithick, and her children. was the Her husband famous engineer Richard Trevithick. left He without her support during in his absence long South America, where travelled he initially supervise to the installation of nine his of engines in Peru. While in South America was he engaged in many daring On ill-fated and some money. no Jane sent ventures, he but Francis had (according to he his return Falmouth to in October 1827, Trevithick) only watch, the a drawing a gold clothes wore, he compass, anda magnetic a pair compass, silver of spurs. cont… Masonic Hall White Hart Hotel 07 06 05 Foundry House Appreciating Hayle—— the historical background Hayle—— Foundry Square and Quays 23

15 16 These gardens public next the to viaduct I.K. of alignment the along closely Thisruns provide a small green oasis in the busy heart Foundry of and the giftcommemorate the Lifeboat of Hayle by Oxford University in the 19th century. Between the gardens and the Office, Post what in is thenow eastbound carriageway was the Copperhouse, to little 1843 railway This station. served the Railway, early Hayle which ran northwards the of square. In out the same eastbound carriageway, a littlebut closer the to roundabout and facing down the square to the White stood the Hotel, former Literary Institute founded by Henry Harvey the for of benefit hisworkers. structure 1852 hisBrunel’s but original design, with iron its girders supported by a series twin of cylindrical iron pillars, has been replaced A quick inspection once. least at rustic today’s of granite and brown brick will piers reveal evidence their of realignment earlier on and bases differences in the individual design of The piers. viaduct still carries the main railway line from Paddington Penzance to and is be said unique to in the UK by virtue crossing it the of same road twice.

15 16 Railway Viaduct Trail tip 4 From the eastern end walk viaduct, the of beneath and it cross place a safe toin the gardens which run waterfront, the alongside opposite Penpol Terrace. Isis Gardens

13 From theFrom front the Office, of Post Chapel The important most single change came with front its retained has Terrace Chapel 8 A few properties the to right is Foundry The curving wall stone down the side west

Terrace can beTerrace easily viewed. This important little street begins next to the viaduct down and continues the Foundryeastern of side car park to Road. BuiltPenpol as a two-storey middle row of was it class the houses, the of core small town centre that developed around Harvey’s Foundry. Far from regular in their treatment, the rendered simple finishes probably are alterationslater from the original roughcast with rusticated quoins and other architectural details in typical style. Hayle the introduction the into that front shops the gardens. show of Photos were Warren’s before added 1900. roofed single shops storey monopitch Bakery which preserves (Nos. 3 & 4 of 3 is of shown much No. above) two 19th century timber shopfronts. garden. The higher architectural quality this of building reflects statusits as the former Bolitho Bank. Chapel. Dated 1845 withChapel. 1845 stuccoed its Dated and enriched front and plain this sides, rubble finenon-conformist chapel reflects the strength of in movement the Cornwall. Wesleyan The interior has retained many original architectural commercial to conversion features use despite and the former chapel a variety accommodates now small of businesses. of Chapel runsof Terrace southwards from the Office Post past the exchangetelephone and the Foundry car park, marking the alignment sea. the and Creek Penpol to way its on River Penpol culverted the of (Pratt’s Market) 11 Penpol River Foundry Chapel 14 Old Bolitho BankOld Chapel (8 Terrace) 13 12 11 Terrace Chapel Appreciating Hayle—— the historical background Hayle—— Foundry Square and Quays 25

19 The building major in is the Bridge complex A little the to east, where the fillingstation Opposite Penpol Terrace is Penpol Quay. Also Quay. is Penpol Terrace Penpol Opposite At the stands northern Terrace Penpol end of works (circaworks 1710). now stands,now are a few remnants the of very early copper smelting an important buildings. of complex The first is Royalthe Standard a is this House”, “Millward’s or House” “Passage as known Once Inn. very early inn. Before the buildingCauseway and Hayle the of A30 turnpike road, travellers and the Ives Penzance St ford to to have would sands Lelant to from this point, and the Royal Standard serve would their creature comforts while they awaited the right tidal conditions. There is a boundary shop. the the at of adjacent door stone buildings the of oldest one House, This in Hayle. was the Count House theof Arundell family Castle, Wardour of owned the who of area most before the the of Arundell industrial Tenants Hayle. of development rents, of payments the for days, quarter on here gather would estate reassignments and leases other Before of East business. Quay was built, the harbour wall ran in along just In front the Bridge House. of early part the of 20th century, served Bridge House as the Station. Police Hayle Quay Penpol Quay, South and Quay Foundry Quay, Harvey’s as known quay first the as important is and Harvey Henry by 1817/19 in built was Harvey 1817, in Quay Carnsew acquiring Before firm. the by built be to & Co. had been trading the use forced to for bare foreshore and boat building. East Quay was begun by the Cornish Copper Company almost immediately after and in rivalry Both with quays survive Quay. Penpol almost unaltered from their finished states, with granite bollards and flights steps. of quay wallsThe arescalloped accommodate to the curving boats. of sides 18 18 19 Penpol Quay Penpol Penpol

17 The old Hayle RailwayThe Hayle old ran along the bank Penpol Terrace was developed by the Terrace CornishPenpol retain Terrace Penpol the on of houses Most There are several front here, garden shops A little further Terrace Penpol 28/29 along at Lastly, the Carnsew Gallery occupies now of Penpol Creek the Penpol frontof tracks its opposite garden shops, lifted now local to the hero for monument Lookand grassed out the over. route Rick his lost who life Rescorla saving others in the terrorist attack on in Centre 2001. Trade in New York the World John Runnals’ butcher’s shop, with fine its John Runnals’ shop, quality butcher’s decorative green and cream faience (glazed terracotta), murals mosaic and doorstep. or was It part the of New, the of development Copper Company in 1819. East Quay undertaken in Harvey’s response to Quay; Penpol new they cut cliffback Penpol and straightened the at same the time foreshore and the and creek houses bank are all ground on with made up waste. smelter the granite roughcast or low walls along the road and between the forminghouses, a striking quite A mixture feature the of row. half- of with most fronted houses, the and style double detailing, Hayle houses of with rusticated roughcast render, stucco detailing mixed of motifs and, originally, roofs. slate reflecting decline the Foundry. at influence of Harvey most The & Co.’s R. (Bobby) builtinteresting by W. examples include (23/25) a pair shops of Trevithick, chandler a ships and grocer. with Faced green faience (glazed parlour. cream ice an and café a by occupied now are they tiles) terracotta Trevithick’sBobby original fascia sign is still there, preserved behind the café.fascia the of “Fresh” still shop, double-fronted trading as an an 1875–1891 is Biggleston’s, ironmonger. 17 Terrace Penpol Appreciating Hayle—— the historical background Hayle—— Foundry Square and Quays 27

The whole complex was made possible by the was made possible The complex whole A little further the to north on the of west Located the on harbour the of northern side 22 end of theend of iron swing the bridge, weirat of and mouth floodgates the Although werethe builtPool track a Copperhouse in 1788. and bridge had existed medieval least since at here probably times giving to access the Lelant ferry, the cinder/scoria present bank carryingnow the road and rail links was constructed the at same time as the flood gates. Cornish Merchant of acquisition Copper Quays Curnow’s Company’s on the and south the north of creek sides following his death and the sale hisof property in 1780. swing bridge is North where the Octel Quay, factory water sea processed wartime Britain’s of much bromineproduce to of (the anti-knock supplies additive aviation for fuel) medium-sized and as as where, the late 1970s, coasters berthed deliver to coal the demolished to power station. now

22 23 North Quay Customs Quay House Lock

21 In 1862 Hayle was Hayle given with a custom house In 1862 East Quay also the holds remaining few 1888 At the entrance East to Quay are the granite The swing carries bridge now mains services On the north side of Hayle Terrace, East Quay Quay East Terrace, Hayle of side north the On 20 and no longer rotates. Key hydraulic its elements of mechanism rotates. and longer no can still be seen beneath the together with bridge, little its building control set Thisclose by. mechanism lifted and the rotated allow bridge to the along the vessels seagoing canal of passage as far as Copperhouse. the right bonding of general merchandise, the but warrant was withdrawn with the House, Customs two its central storey Today, block years later. 17 single lean-to later eitherand accommodation storey at possibly end, is used as offices Harbourfor Hayle the Co. Constructed rubble stone of with hipped roof and granite plinths, this attractive building quayside is painted and the the dashed back at at and front. sides has pebble It the carved 1862 date the into lintel the over front and door the points the of incisedcompass the into doorstep. can be easily viewed. East Quay is important in the history as its Hayle of violent disputes and led litigation to bitter betweenconstruction in 1818 Harvey & Co. and the Cornish Copper Company. buildings The gas the office Gas of Company. Hayle facing Royalthe Standard hairdressers. and across the ladies’ road a shop is now Other gasworks buildings are part now a tyre-fitting of establishment and the is still house gas company standing the at the back of yard. thesupports for drawbridge, which carried once the Railway Hayle line and the roadway across the canal before the iron present swing bridge was built in 1868.

(Customs House) Customs Quay House (Customs 21 20 Quay East Trail tip 5 acrossWalk the visit to bridge, swing Quay House Custom and North Quay. Appreciating Hayle—— the historical background Hayle—— Foundry Hill, The Foundry and Carnsew Hill Fort 29 Trail Two starts at The starts White at Two Trail Hart, and Foundry Square at Carnsew Quays. finishes hour. one about takes It — Trail two Appreciating Hayle—— the historical background Hayle—— Foundry Hill, The Foundry and Carnsew Hill Fort 31

The Pattern was Shop built the for iron Across the foundry yard the to north east and the the to Just of south White Hart is 04 foundry in Harvey the for 1840s & Co. Thehipped roof was covered in followingbut, corrugated sheets asbestos a fireyears ago, some possibly of remains The elements. the to open been has building the viaduct. the to next end north the at attached are structures earlier attached the to rear John Harvey of the former House, Harvey & Co.’s offices showroomon Foundry and Square,stands the timber framed and timber clad drawing company officeon columns supported of reused iron mine-drainageplan floor Its reflects pipes. the curving alignment century a mid-19th of railway track that under passed the archway John Harvey of and linked House the foundry the at centre theof yard with the wharves company and Carnsew Penpol on Quays. Formerly known to Terrace. as was MillTremeadow it built in 1819 Row, corn and the hammer the at adjacent house workers mills. The remains theof ropewalk and other structures the follow mill southwards leat the theup valley. beyond Just mills is the millpond. Millpond Avenue begins with cottages the on right. workers’ These are by better followed Harvey the of captains the as such staff, senior company’s the for houses ends The withships. avenue early-Victorian a few splendid residences – Ladbrooke as such houses grand – grounds own their in standing which were built the around for directors 1844 Harvey of & Co. Beyond thethe at far the houses Millpond scant remains end of Avenue, the of Mellanear Williams, of Smelting Works Harvey & Co. survive, integrated partsinto the of modern housing. 03 Trail tip 2 Foundry onto back Go andHill, walk uphill. Tremeadow (Mill Row) Terrace 03 Pattern Shop 04 Drawing Office 05

02 The very large ruinous structure which Line-shafts the probably on floors upper This structure forms the northern the end of

01 dominates Foundry is known Yard as the Granary Foundry or Barn. The structure appears from evidence map from date to circa 1825 with(but possibly an At ground earlier core). level there are two arched openings that vaulted into chambers, lead earlier whose function is unknown. The hay straw oats, wereforand floors store upper to used the foundry teams horse and there from it to the is access farmyard trail. the in later willpass you which rear, the at stables and provided The sack hoists. power for building’s collapsed timber roof and suspendedwere floors some timeremoved ago. partAs of the initialphase repairof engineers and conversion, designed a temporary steel frame to safeguard the building’s stability pending term repair long its and Trust. Foundry Harvey’s the by conversion building known as the Foundry Barn. Originally this was part the of Boring Mill and former Erecting be and interpreted Shop should as part thoseof structures rather than part the of granary which to remains it attached. The masonry structure, with dressed its granite dates quoins, although therefrom were buildings 1839/40, machine here, possibly Thereerecting is a fine arched in sheds, 1816. to window of the thefront Engine and another House arched opening ground at level giving to access the There Boiler House. was above floor a which the BoilerHouse may have provided office Inside space. there goodis evidenceof locationsof the the flywheel, supportingthe cross beam for ofthe bob Boilerand theflue the leadingHouse an into external stack, the which base of survives the Theat rear. power from the engine was transmitted directly the to Boring Mill, via line-shafts, lathes, drills, to and milling machines throughout the The works. engine seems been have to larger than necessary and was Foundry impress a showpiece perhaps to customers. (Granary) (Engine and Boiler House) Boiler and (Engine (Off Foundry Square) Foundry Barn 02 Foundry Barn 01 Foundry Yard Trail tip 1 The WhiteFrom Hart, cross the road to look the behind yard the into the front which buildings the of part Thisis road. Foundry complex. Appreciating Hayle—— the historical background Hayle—— Foundry Hill, The Foundry and Carnsew Hill Fort 33

Abutting the Foundry Barn the to east, these This also store, known widely more today as

09 two storey stables comprise a typical comprise two stables storey and early 18th example a late of partitions, wooden its Inside, range. stable purpose-built century 19th mangers, cupboards and fittings survived until 2000when block the was extensively rebuiltusing materials authentic and techniques. has It been convertedlive-work into unitslocal for artists and craftspeople. – 1843 in foundry the of extension the of part was Stores, Plantation Foundry when 45, Lane and large its boundarywalls were built. is It rectangular in plan and was built with rubble of a hipped roof that was inlost a serious fire – a fire thatsheddestroyed of also most the wagon Foundry of side theon Lane. opposite The firstfloor openingswindow are irregular in size and pattern, suggesting alterations in the past.

(East stables) 08 09 Foundry Farm 10 Trevithick’s Stores Trail tip 4 Foundry along on Walk left you your on and Lane will Stores. see Trevithick’s

07 Return the to main road and further up andThe early 19th 18th century late Foundry Built lime-washed of and rubble brick with Foundry Hill the on left is Foundrydwelling) a School (now and, the on right, (below) Row Drovers’ where care the took Harvey men who of & and wagons lived. horses StillCo.’s further the up hill is Charlotte House Pencliff(formerly and one-time Harvey Jane of residence Trevithick); St Downes Hospital; (aka House TheMichael’s Downes a convent); and now Henry of (the last home House Bospowes and Jenner); Glanmor (another Harvey directors’of houses). & Co’s Farm yardretains original its surface cobbled in the eastern area, with matching thenew at western end and modern cobbles entrance. The farmyard is the enclosed by converted the east stables, converted west the granarystables, the and is the south a high engine To rubble house. wall with scoria blocks and the original century 18th late into gateway the farmyard The blocked). buildings (now around the yard housed from goods delivered which horses, draught numerous Foundry’s the and Central West Harvey’s of Cornwall the to whole each working day. engineHuge beams and boilers were taken by horse-drawn wagons to mines around Cornwall the export. to quays or for dressed granite were roofed with the stables quoins, west galvanised The block is L-shaped stable slate. iron and in cement-washed plan and has It beenwas repaired built before 1828. using materials, authentic including Cornish and and cob studios converted to local slate for artists and craftspeople. (now a dwelling) (West stables) 08 Foundry Farm 07 Foundry Farm 06 Foundry School Trail tip 3 down back Return Foundry and turn Hill Lane. Foundry into left until here along Proceed you reach the Foundry your on buildings Farm right-hand side. Appreciating Hayle—— the historical background Hayle—— Foundry Hill, The Foundry and Carnsew Hill Fort 35

or th 14 Close to the top of the the of Close hillfort to top the 4 This triumphal ornamental arch was built 07 H. century built memorial the into stone wall is an early relic of th in 1843 of granite of in ashlar 1843 and straddles a pathway part way down the thenortheast of Carnsew slope earthwork. The archway was built Harveyfor the Leeghwater & Co. reputedly celebrate to Engine contract drainingfor the Haarlemmer Meer in Holland. Harvey’s and the FoundryCopperhouse each the built of two feet one 12 enormous (3.6m) diameter drainage pumps commissioned by the Dutch. Dutch. the by commissioned pumps drainage diameter (3.6m) 5

considerable importance. a womanconsiderable Thought commemorate to is the the husband, her earliest stone known possibly or (Cunaide), Christian memorial Cornwall. in of the whole The actual stone, a and Victorian is which slab, slate incised the not is however, right. the to stone granite weathered the but mistranslation, almost has Cunaide to inscription original the Unfortunately, completely eroded. 13 Cunaide Memorial 14 Triumphal Arch

12 The remains the stand shed of opposite wagon The earthwork Carnsew at appears be a small to The remaining ramparts were walled and up 10 H. Trevithick’s the and Pattern back onto in Stores Shop the Foundry Yard They sharedbelow. roof until pitched a common burned in it the out fire. The is shed built masonry wagon rubble of with curved a granite wall theat southern end. The elevation facing Foundry onto Lane was open fronted with the octagonal roof supported on wooden pillars defining a series structuralof bays where the carts doors stored. Wooden were once secured the openings the lane. The onto shared rear, wall still shows evidence the of bearings the for wooden that joists supported the wagon loft floor. shed’s prehistoric hillfort cliff or castle with natural defending slopes the north andand two east sides ramparts, surmounting the outer the 50ft high cliff. There is an entrance in the northwest with an enclosure the to east and a track leading The the to fort shore. built was command probably to and the control estuary and a prehistoric trackway There it. of south is no thesign of earthwork having by a rampart been the completed on west having the condition In present side, its been out. ploughed probably original entrance cannot be identified, the entranceon the trackleading from modern. is probably it There are signs the a terrace on of western side, which, been may have caused by the raising The the of interior. surviving main rampart and annex the to north are substantial been have but considerably mutilated. Henry Harvey paths created in today’s the construction his of ornamental park in also He the structures a series added 1840s. of and ramped walks that wind through ornamental plantations as part a wider of ornamental landscape that included an ornamental archway.

11 12 Hillfort Carnsew 11 ShedWagon Trail tip 5 Continue walking go Lane, Foundry along railway, the underneath leftwalk to turn and theup to pathway Carnsew Hillfort. Appreciating Hayle—— the historical background Hayle—— Foundry Hill, The Foundry and Carnsew Hill Fort 37 17 18 Carnsew Pool lies on your left-hand side. It is a is It side. left-hand your on lies Pool Carnsew Surviving with are and it lock sluices quays, Carnsew Quays were and started in 1758 07 H. man-made pool allow created to regular sluicing the of estuary it stop to choking with up sand and becoming un-navigable. Originally known as Carnsew Basin, was it constructed by Harvey’s After in 1834. the Cornish (East quay new Copper Quay) Company’s caused silting deep water of channels Harvey’s to own Carnsew quays, Basin was built out sluice to the Carnsew Channel. and thegates central ‘New Pier’ or which spit had 18th may have century origins was but built and extended up as part the of works in 1834. completed survived the construction the of Carnsew Basin are largely but now buried under 20th century fill. Onlystretches of granitestones coping mark the the of surviving tops walls quay that runthe along north side theof buildings adjoining Carnsew Road. The quays are in two sections, the structure southerly more comprising the retaining wall a for slipway served tramlines. of by a network 17 Carnsew Quays Carnsew Trail tip 7 way little a on Walk until youcan turn left to explore Carnsew Quay. Carnsew Pool 18

16 16 At the Henry of foot Harvey’s ramped footpath, On the left Carnsew of side is Road the timber 15 War Crimean refurbished a stands hillfort, the of side northern the down cannon. Cast by Harvey an & Co. to officialpattern, were weapons these Hayle. from Crimea the to direct shipped the to modernstore builders’ merchants. Still used largely original its for purpose, the timber is the store only Harvey’s building surviving north theof viaduct. The L-shaped structure is constructed containing rubble of cast scoria blocks and has it perforated brick ventilation panels its to walls androadside west ventilation. for the Elevations timber onto yard are open, subdivided granite bays by into slender supporting piers the that the show roof roof trusses. was photographs originally Old covered with Bridgwater clay tiles. 16 TimberHarvey’s Store Crimean Cannon 15 Trail tip 6 Hillfort Carnsew Leave along right turn and Road. Carnsew Appreciating Hayle—— the historical background Hayle—— Copperhouse 39 Trail ThreeTrail starts and at iron the finishes swing-bridge. two hours. about takes It — Trail three Appreciating Hayle—— the historical background Hayle—— Copperhouse 41

A little furtherturn Terrace, along Hayle right The architect, JohnD Sedding, also designed the Return the to main Elwyn’s St at look road to were built with by 1842, 14–54 Nos. the rest 05 of the row being completed by 1877. Like Penpol Terrace, thisLike Terrace, Penpol row of the byof 1877. row being completed is curve, builthouses a long on partly explained by the former shape of theof coastline and road, and partly give by design to a picturesque appearance. Marking thethe end of terrace is the Elwyn’s St later much Church. The row is a mixture and half-houses houses built of rendered of and ornamentation exposed than less have most Terrace, rubble; Penpol although the east end has several very good quality with some houses, 1900. around added bays fullheight viewto Elwyn’s St Church, standing prominently the on hill above building, Revival Gothic Victorian late fine A Quay. Curnow’s Merchant inspection. close of worthy are interior the and exterior the both Trinity Holy in and this London parish new church, for built in 1886–88 dry of are roofs The work. last Sedding’s was parish, formed newly the laid Delabole slate. Church Hall. The attractive little Gothic church hall from dates 1905. The interior with is simple plastered walls and original dressed granite fireplaces. 04 05 06 Hayle Terrace 04 Church Elwyn’s St Church Elwyn’s St Hall

02 Running eastwards from the iron swing bridge, bridge, swing iron the from eastwards Running Immediately the the to east of iron swingbridge the of the road to side swingOn the opposite 01 and, works smelting Copperhouse the serve to 1769 in built canal, the tide. low at seen clearly be still can foundry, Copperhouse the latterly, An Georgian impressive dock eastern its lies at end. and fronting the canal is Merchant Thought been have to Quay. Curnow’s the of earliest is surviving one it built in the 1740s, quays John in Hayle. ‘Merchant’ Curnow importing established a major and trading enterprise and also became in Hayle theat a prominent 1740s landowner (Trelissick and Penpol, Bodriggy).Manor, The Cornish Copper Company acquired his and business quays after At three least his death of phases in 1780. can bedevelopment seen in the walls quay and in the granite, cast-iron and timber bollards granite A low wall the on quay. the separates quay from the the least since at road mid has by as it 19th done century. behind just bridge, were cellars ore Bridge House, known as Curnow’s Cellars, Hayle or part the of industrial around Harbour. complex Hayle They been may have firstbuilt Smelter. for Penpol Copper the 03 Merchant Cellars Curnow’s 02 Merchant Quay Curnow’s 01 Copperhouse Canal Trail tip 1 fromWalk the swing- easterly an in bridge direction, keeping the left. your on edge water’s Appreciating Hayle—— the historical background Hayle—— Copperhouse 43

13 At the end of Hayle Terrace and the startTerrace At the Hayle end of of Located past just the Memorial War the on backSet from Commercial the at Road junction 12 Commercial is Road the those died Memorial. who War commemorates It and subsequently those died who in the World in (1914–18) the War Great The memorial II groundWar built-up is (1939–45). on – like of much Commercial a few metres – just the to west Terrace and Road Hayle Quay. Bodriggy former the of site the of These renderedright-hand simple side. with two houses storey their relatively their and stacks brick and roof slate lime-slurried eaves, low small windows, are the among properties older in the town. Although altered in the 19th and 20th centuries, they from date century the 18th associatedand with were probably Bodriggy While Quay. looking like a typical Cornish half-house, with three windows first at two at floor, ground floor paired and doors in centre,the asymmetrical whole the the of elevation indicates earlier its layout origin conversion and late half-houses. theto Opposite library, two survive early shopfronts at 48 and 50 Commercial Road. 50 was formerly the Inn. Globe withSea Lane, The Cornish Arms was originally Dating beera from shop. centurythe 18th early 19th or century, was it remodelled around the end theof 19th century the when porch and the fourpaned hornless sash (1867–73) Chegwin Edward of tenancy the During added. were windows an to the inn was beer uprated shop and named the Cornish Arms. hasIt a half-hipped the at rear grouted roof scantle (replaced with slate corrugated sheeting) and painted chimneys. The building has now a room depth was, originally plan perhaps, but double two of houses only single room depth. Cornish Arms Fore Street) (98 11 Commercial Memorial) Road (War 12 Commercial 16 Road 14, 12, 13

10 Midway along the row is its only example of a of example only its is row the along Midway theOpposite former dairy stood Smith’s A little further the on left on, hand-side is the the beyond Just Drill Hall is the Passmore 07 whichfront garden was shop, built originally as a retail dairy. This single has a fine shop storey classical of dressed front granite. The tympanum eachover opening has patterned glazing leaded with painted farming includingscenes, milk maid and in depicted cow the principal stained glass panes. Cooperage where the barrels the for local Ellis Brewery were made. single granite-built storey Drill Hall with 1911 of a terracotta datestone theover – another door the of small important group of buildings public been have thought to designed with a social the agenda for two company townships. is still It original its used for purpose. Edwards Institute. The such a fine that reason possesses Hayle listed buildingpublic is Edwards that Passmore J. be a memorial to intendedit his to parentshad lived who in the town. was The laid stone foundation and Mrs Edwards, Passmore in 1893 the opened the wife the of donor, Institute The building in 1896. is little altered. interior Its retains its original fittings, including a cast-iron Cornishrange (known as a Cornish Institute Hayle is theslab). largest four institutes of given by Passmore Edwards in Cornwall the of many and one buildings him designed for by his architect and friend, Cornishman Sylvanus Trevail. a little From Cornish village (Blackwater) Edwards Passmore became a city journalist and lecturer, MP Salisbury, for a leading newspaper of editor London and a life-long the champion of working classes. Passmore EdwardsPassmore Institute 09 Drill Hall Drill 08 Cooperage of Site 07 Dairy 10 Appreciating Hayle—— the historical background Hayle—— Copperhouse 45

20 19 The Cornish Copper these Company laid out The Salvation Army Church in Cross Street is Street Fore end of theMuch of shopping On the right the of hand road is side the the after either named was hotel The 18 streets early modest 19th of century were built cottages. Most workers’ and rubble scoria by the stone Cornishof were Copper some Co, but built granite of the have by tenants. its these typical Fewhouses of Hayle detailingroughcast and of stucco displayed the on grander river-front as be is expected to Terrace) & Penpol in Terrace what Hayle rows (eg pavement, the onto right built are Most town. the of part modest a was smallalthough have some walled forecourts front or gardens. of Most rear long gardens. have these properties, however, General for also notable Booth, a non-conformist minister who Hayle, at famous organisation.formulated world his the subsequent about ideas and 19th 18th century late comprises A number and houses. shops survive with good contemporary timber the From open shopfronts. parts Street Fore of there are panoramic views Pool Copperhouse of and, the on far Memorial side, Walk and Riviere Clifton House, Terrace and Riviere Farm. On the skyline and the Towans east, its Hayle to historic village Phillack of with fine its church tower can seen.be This and Hotel. featuresCornubia from dates house 1867 public prominently in history the Many complex formal Copperhouse. of functions were here held while the Cornish Copper Company and the great Foundry Copperhouse were in – events operation such as meetings,shareholders public assemblies, official dinners,sales public The auctions. and public the sale Foundry’s of Copperhouse took assets failure. commercial company’s the after 1875 February in here place Copperhouse-built railway engine called after or Cornubia, the Hayle- built steam that packet Cornubia was built earlier much famed but as a blockade-runner the in for Confederate the States American Civil War.

Trail tip 3 The top Lane Sea of bears Street; Bodriggy leftinto leftUpper turn onto Church Street, left onto St Street, Johns right onto back and Street Cross down to Fore Street. Trail tip 4 right Fore at StreetTurn edge water’s the keep and there (though left your on the between buildings are pavement and the water). 19 Fore Street 20 The Cornubia Tavern Hotel or 18 Street, Johns St Street, Cross Bodriggy Street and Upper Church Street

17 16 This function used to as the office for the The steam brewery Penpol was in existence in Bodriggy Sea Lane the of at located top House, Dating from the mid about 19th century 15 on theon left, is a Georgian in manor house the classical style. incorporates It century17th earlier or remains the structure but present was largelycentury. or 19th late the in slightly extended and 1718 about in rebuilt wholly is builtIt painted of with rubble a granite ashlar front dry and a steep, laid Delaboleroof with tall brick chimneys. The panelled front and door the windows are early 19th century the but original century 18th fanlight over features. early many has interior period fine The survives. door the Bodriggy the of was large that one estates surrounded the estuary Hayle before the town became established. properly The is known estate have to been inthe hands the of Bodriggy family from as early as 1181. this painted anddressed milestone has a triangular shaft a over base. rectangular laid has it a wet Cornish Datingbrewery. from roof scantle slate 1873, wallson and rubble Cornish and of earth) (rubble rab finished with paint, stucco and The pebbledash. building the archive. houses Hayle now and as operated C. Ellis Brewery)1815 and (Steam Ltd Son until merged it 1934. in Co. & Hicks with

(Cornish Arms forecourt) Bodriggy House 16 BreweryPenpol Lane) (Sea 15 Brewery Office Lane) Sea (1 14 Milestone Trail tip 2 Cornish the at right Turn Arms for Lane. Sea 17 Appreciating Hayle—— the historical background Hayle—— Copperhouse 47

24 24 In about 1769 the canal – around a kilometre 1769 In about theA basin the at western end on side south The retaining walls the of dock are battered Originally belonging vessels the to Cornish – was excavatedlong from the harbour dock a new Copperhouse to at with watertight the at dock gates entrance. The Georgian impressive floatingdock builtis of castscoriablocks vertically set in regular built metres in long, two 100 is sections about courses. It an at obtuse anotherangle one and to narrowing where they join. The modern road here. bridge crosses it was filled duringin the 20thmid century carformto Daniel’s park. At the eastern the end of docks is a round arched culvert the on north side and a 20th century that a sluice bridge over appears been have to a lock the to narrow canal. and scalloped accommodate the to At boats. the western end is the corners, rounded with ashlar granite of built entrance dock main a pair timber of and lock mooring cast-iron gates posts. Copper Company used the dock. wharves its The sold company to Harvey’s after ceased trading it and although trade in most was 1867 carriedfrom out the quays in the main River, the Hayle Copperhouse dock remained in and use a few small were ships built here in the In fact, coastal1860s. cargo the use to continued vessels dock to coalload and grain until the 1930s.

24 Copperhouse Dock the from viewed be (Can 6 Fore Street of rear and adjoining park car the 2 & 4 Fore Street.

23 A little further Street along Fore is another The building hasgood a rear yard with an lane. little a is Inn Copperhouse the Opposite This is a former warehouse shop dating from 22 was it important Dating house. from public Copperhouse 1791, remodelled the round early about 19th century. especially block good built painted stable of scoria with roof and a slate a flight of largeto upper Initiallyfloor. steps the calledTheCommercial, 1835. by Inn Hooper’s as renamed been had it theVisible at end and backing the this dock onto gates, warehouse and is been have saidstore to the a light for Cornish copper goods workshop Copper before Ltd reverting Company and/or F Pool J & a retail to grocery warehouse in the 20th century. Originally two least comprising at mid of or late 19th centurycentury 20th buildings scoria constructed andearly granite slate, rubble, of the in linked were they roof, slate scantle wet-laid a with by a surviving glazed atrium. lane/towpath the From access behind the warehouse adjoining the floatingdock, there aregood of remainsviews the theof dock and across the the footbridge water gates low canal. the century, mid 18th altered in the mid 19th century and extended in the mid 20th century. The firstfloor lookingwindow westward down StreetFore has been altered twice least at and may indicate that the building (payroll) house had a count function A building stage. one at and this almost Hayle of of map certainly size is shown the here on 1791 survives beneath This the render. later building and another immediately theto east were the only structures standing the on Cornish Copper wharvesCompany’s in and Copperhouse early the at 19th 18th late centuries and this principal was the one company’s warehouse store. or This gentrifiedformer warehouse has an importanttownscape inrole defining Market Square and Street.the entrance to Fore Part of the adjoining car the park to a turning east was once basin ships for using the canal Copperhouse and docks.

(6 Fore Street)(6 Trail tip 5 Return to Fore Street 23 Street2 & 4 Fore (formerly Daniels’) to see 2 & 4 Fore Street. 21 22 Warehouse 21 The Copperhouse Inn Hotel or Appreciating Hayle—— the historical background Hayle—— Copperhouse 49

30 This Georgian back from set house, the main Within a 60 metre the radius of junction with The Cornish Copper Company originally built This terrace was built by Luke Jack in 1901 Behind the is the Market House former market

on the site of the of Cornish theon a small site Copper Company fragment smelter, of which remains the at defining roadside the gardenfront at eastern the end. The rear elevations and boundary walls re-use large numbers of scoria blocks taken from the Cornish various Copper Company’s former buildings the on site. Company Copper Cornish the by built was Lane, Lethlean opposite road Foundry Copperhouse the as stage some at used was and 1775 about in office. building The hasstuccoed a otherwiseis but front built paintedof scoria blocks. Lethlean lime kiln, Lane a 1780s lay once the Cornish Copper Company’s gasworks, and four-storey the tidal 1842 1830s grist mill (known as Mill)Paddy’s with diameter metre) (6 20 foot its iron wheel. The mill was steam converted in to the 19th late century It and used until 1927. was demolished in the phases, last part surviving now the into 1980s; only an arched survives sluice the at Dock. eastern Copperhouse end of yards with scoria walls low capped with moulded scoria copings. the pair three of adjoining houses the storey the east end of row in 1779 offices. principal company’s the as Thisplace. contains a rare surviving three row of early Cornish quite cob and rubble painted storey two The cottages. Company Copper cottages from date century. the 18th The cottages small have front

(Cornish Copper Company’s 28 Foundry Office) Pond Walk 31 Lethlean Lane Trail tip 8 Copper of end the At turnTerrace left at thejunction onto Lane. Lethlean 28 Market Street 6 – 10 29 Terrace Copper Trail tip 7 Square Market to Return along continue and the main road onto Copper Terrace. 30

27 This striking building of the is on located site This little scoria block hall was built in the late Hall the left George’s St andTo of former Palace 26 25

the first (1814) market house in Copperhouse. It was built house market of in and Copperhouse. rubble the first(1814) scoria blocks very early in the 20th century Hall as George’s St and was Theconverted a cinema into principal around elevation Market 1914. to Square, repaired in 2008, is faced with good-quality ornate, glazed terracotta. The recently reinstated first floor oriel was originally an external projection room. Around a large white reinforced 1938, added, was columns slender on room projection and balcony concrete with the the of original loss railings balcony cast-iron and all the but thebase of original projection oriel. This was reversed work by the refurbishment carried original in 2008. out Two survive shopfronts (left and which centre) been have carefully repaired and shopfront new a has been installed the to right. As part the of building’s regeneration, the auditorium, vacant since the cinema was closed converted in the 1970s, late flats. to The refurbished HallSt its George’s and graniteforecourt have a key townscape in role Market Square. century, as the a Sunday18th school possibly for firstMethodist Chapel was it a volunteer In in which 1877 Copperhouse, stood opposite. (1785) 1798. in Copperhouse at raised been having company first the drill hall, The hall was re-fronted purpose. present its and for extended in 1912 with House, Market former The House. Market Copperhouse is Cinema the replaced George’s St earlier of the stone, market on date site 1839 its Hall. there Until 1930 was a small central clock rising tower from the ridge, which the housed town clock.The front rooms fitted were later with replacing shopfronts the original, smaller windows. The Market House was still in asLtd use Pool theJ&F office in 2000.of head

27 Copperhouse Market House 26 Phillack Church Hall (Fore Street) 25 former and Hall George’s St Square Market Palace Cinema car the (opposite entrance) park Trail tip 6 Return to the main road onto Market Square. Appreciating Hayle—— the historical background Hayle—— Copperhouse 51

36 The is Black as Road known it locally is a The unique Black Bridge was built as part of thisFormerly a poorhouse, II Grade listed house 35 man-made Creek causeway across Copperhouse from the rear the of Co-operative northwestwards store towards Memorial Walk the on The Pool. north Copperhouse road of was side reputedly built John for Edwards, manager the of Cornish improve access to Copper Company, to theto North Quays which for they The acquired the in lease 1780. carriageway is built large of moulded scoria blocks with the road surface partly metalled with copper slag. the span Black to channel Road a water flowing into Hayle the mills tidal Thepond. bridge was supposedly altered allow to the Phillack, Rector of William Hockin, in under pass it to his boat. This change is reflected in the raised northern arch – which is segmental, asymmetrical and higher the than at abutment the smaller, original arch, which is unaltered and almost round. The two bridge uses types scoria block: of the standard blocks the for main structure and arch blocks headed for The structures concrete copingstones. the the of Black on Bridge east side and retain to were used War during the World Second fromdate 1937, purposes. fire-fighting and decoy for Pool Wilson’s in water century. 19th early the in remodelled was and 1790 about from dates Originally the building comprised a two the to probably room house left with a central stair-hall projecting the at rear and a pair cottages of the to right with a right-angle wing the at rear. Riviere Cottage Trail tip 11 Continue to walk along edge water’s the keeping the left. Thisis your on Memorial V George King notice will You Walk. historic interesting two Cottage Riviere buildings, and Riviere House. 34 Black Road 35 Black Bridge 36 This bridge carried the single track the of Hayle An attractive granite clapper bridge with a with bridge clapper granite attractive An 33 bridge formed a picturesque 19th subject for century and early 20th between the Lethlean Lane clapper bridge and the Black and Road is said bridge began as use its a footpath. The structure granite is of with a just south of Glebe Terrace and the Undercliff. Terrace Glebe of south just There is an inscription survivingbe theto oldest railway bridge in Cornwall. The line opened for rector Phillack.of The stream banksare revetted with granite each on railway part over the halfway of is creek about located It Copperhouse. at the 1852 line mineral was bypassedBy traffic and closed and 1837. the in side of the bridge. Together with the Together the of the bridge. side nearby cottages in Row, Glebe central supporting carries pier Lethlean Lane the over stream that runs century painters, including Stanhope and photographers. Forbes, large of capping granite blocks.

“WH 1812” on the western side; WH was the Reverend WilliamHockin, Reverend the WHwas side; western the on “WH1812” (Hayle Railway Bridge) Railway (Hayle 33 Lethlean Trail tip 10 along walk left, and Turn edge water’s the keeping on your left. Trail tip 9 Lane Lethlean Follow past the recreation area Lethlean reach you until Lane Bridge. 32 Lethlean Lane Bridge Appreciating Hayle—— the historical background Hayle—— Copperhouse 53

The Railway Hayle carrying opened in 1837 first was from Liverpool; – second – the wasthe built Cornubia at the the Foundry quays railCopperhouse Penpol system in used 1838), shunting until for horsepower closure its The in 1963. north and south the of abutments originalstone Railway Hayle dating Bridge, from 1837, bridge. swing iron later the of north just Penpol at survive mineral trafficto and from at mines Camborne Redruth.and The line started crossing Penpol, at the creek by a swing bridge and passing Riviere Angarrack to on went the It Pool. on north Copperhouse of side via an inclined The plane. line by the was West superseded in 1852 Cornwall Railway which re-used the sections from the to wharves Penpol theand on wharves themselves and built link a new the to main line. The branch was along the Pool maintained north Copperhouse of side as least farat as Penmare the the of rest of most 19th for century. The thewharf system had a third in rail 1877, gauge metre) laid 7 ft to (2.125 rail lastgauge bebroad laid. to map, ShownOS the on as 1907 abandoned the line was re-used during WWI serve to the National Explosives Works the but branch(which was officially closed not in 1922), closed until Although1934. both main and branch lines used steam engines (the Trail tip 13 walk, your Continue your on water the keeping you until side, left hand reach the left turning which passes the Custom acrossHouse. Walk the the finish to bridge swing circular trail. 39 The Railway Hayle

38 Best viewed from in Pool across Copperhouse While John Edwards was living Riviere at The next resident was Joseph Carne FRS, Carne Joseph was resident next The Best viewed the on skyline from across 37 Street,Fore this fine country above the residence King MemorialGeorge V John Edwards,Walk for was built while in was 1791 he the managing partner and basement its the of Cornish The Copper house’s Company. extension are scoria blocks. of The building is three high. storeys with There roofsscantle wide eaves. on bracketed slate is a local tradition clad. copper originally was roof the that House it is recordedit that DaviesHouse Gilbert Tredrea, Erth St (of and a friend house. the visit Davyto Humphry young the took RichardTrevithick) of wasIt here that Davy firstwell-equipped a saw including laboratory, apparatus which had previously he seen only in engravings. expressed He ‘tumultuous delight an and air worked pump with the simplicity and a child of joy engaged in the examination and a new favourite of toy’. as manager thesuccessor of CornishEdward’s Copper Company Carne, waswho also a friend Richard of Trevithick’s, Trevithick’s helped test workshop. cellar the in engine steam pressure high a of model first by CanonBought Hockin Phillack of the on Cornish sale of Copper Riviere Sir Compton to in wasCompany assets House home 1875, McKenzie in the early 20th century. this Pool, Copperhouse farm includes an complex engine cart house, lofts. the in stores fodder with latter the – granaries and stables shed, Located Clifton east of high the on hill Terrace, Riviere above this House, very good farm group of buildings was originally built accommodate to and packhorsesthe the pack-mules of Cornish They Copper Company. roughlydate from the mid 19th century and are built scoria blocks of and granite with rubble granite dressings. Trail tip 12 Continue to walk along the Memorial You Walk. cannot appreciate from it is you above but here, Phillack. Farm, Riviere TheWalk Memorial route the of part follows the Railway. of Hayle 38 Riviere Farm 37 Riviere House Appreciating Hayle—— the historical background Hayle—— Townscape Initiative 55 Designed in Hayle by Nixon. www.nixondesign.com