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Language Ideologies, Schooling and Islam in Qatar
Language in the Mirror: Language Ideologies, Schooling and Islam in Qatar Rehenuma Asmi Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy under the executive committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 © 2013 Rehenuma Asmi All rights reserved ABSTRACT Language in the Mirror: Language Ideologies, Schooling and Islam Rehenuma Asmi My study explores language ideologies in the capital city of Doha, Qatar, where school reform movements are placing greater emphasis on English language acquisition. Through ethnography and a revised theory of language ideologies, I argue that as languages come in greater contact in multi-lingual spaces, mediation must occur between the new and old relationships that are emerging as a result of population growth, policy changes and cross-cultural interactions. I interrogate the development concept of the “knowledge economy” as it is used to justify old and new language ideologies regarding Arabic and English. As Qataris change their education systems in response to the economic development framework of the “knowledge economy,” they are promoting language ideologies that designate English as useful for the economy and “global” citizenship and Qatari Arabic and Standard Arabic as useful for religious and cultural reasons. I argue that Standard English, through its association with the “knowledge economy,” becomes “de-localized” and branded an “international” language. This ideology presents English as a modern language free of the society in which it is embedded, to circulate around the globe. In contrast, Standard Arabic is represented as stiff, archaic language of religious traditions and Qatari Arabic is presented as the language of oral culture and ethnonationalism. -
New Unified Platform for Settling Work Disputes Soon: Labour Ministry
1996 - 2021 SILVER JUBILEE YEAR Qatari banks Bottas takes pole see in asset for Portuguese growth: GP and denies KPMG Hamilton 100th Business | 13 Sport | 20 SUNDAY 2 MAY 2021 20 RAMADAN - 1442 VOLUME 26 NUMBER 8610 www.thepeninsula.qa 2 RIYALS International Workers’ Day this year coincides with the New unified platform for settling start of the implementation of the new and pioneering legislation that has strengthened the work environment that attracts workers, especially the work disputes soon: Labour Ministry legislations that facilitate the movement of workers QNA — DOHA International Workers’ Day is a workers. He said that the Min- in the national plan for vacci- between different employers and the non- tribute to all workers due to the istry is working in this regard nation against coronavirus and discriminatory minimum wage law for workers and The Ministry of Administrative interest they receive as partners to implement modern legis- the intensive efforts made by domestic workers. Development, Labour and in the development renaissance lation in accordance with the the state to provide free vacci- Social Affairs has announced in the State of Qatar, expressing highest standards through con- nation for all categories of H E Yousef bin Mohammed Al Othman Fakhroo the establishment of a unified deep gratitude and appreciation tinuous cooperation and coor- workers, he said. platform for complaints and to the workers who have helped dination with representatives He affirmed that the State disputes in the coming days. and continue to contribute to of employers and workers and will continue implementing The platform will allow the achievement of compre- various local and international measures to respond to the eco- employees and workers who hensive development. -
The New Qatar National Library and Its Services
Next Chapter of Knowledge Management in Qatar: The new Qatar National Library and its services Claudia Lux Fifty years ago, 29 December 1962, in Doha, Qatar, the Dar-Al-Kutub – Library was founded in one of the first original library building of the region. The collection based on two libraries the Doha Public Library of 1956, and the Endowment Library, from 1954. The opening collection consisted of 30.000 volumes. (Khalifa, 1992) In the beginning Dar-Al-Kutub, was responsible for school and public libraries for the first 10 years, later these functions changed to public library and national library functions. (Khalifa, 1992). The first Qatar National Bibliography was published in 1970. (Al Nassr, 1993). But only in 1982, the legal deposit law by Emir Decree No. 14 was issued, and more national library functions developed: the collection of publications from Qataris published abroad and the ISBN-Agency of Qatar in 1994. From 1972 onwards the Qatar National Library organized the Qatar Book Fair, an important cultural event for the country and the region. Over the years the national library has served its users with a wide range of collection and activities. Between 1978 and 1985 the branches developed and their libraries filled up with Arab and English books. The Women’s library, with a collection of more than 60.000 volumes introduced educational computer games for Kids and internet in a modern office building, which was changed to become a library. They developed a set of activities with handicapped students from different schools and their new knowledge management is a good example to other public library branches after their facilities are renovated and modernized. -
Msheireb Downtown Doha Venues
Msheireb Downtown Doha Venues For venue hire, please visit msheireb.com, email [email protected] or call 40004224 sustainable Msheireb Downtown Doha, the Ideal Infrastructure for Events After years of design and development, Msheireb Downtown Doha (MDD) is ready for activation, with leasing opportunities for residents, commercial tenants, and retailers. MDD is also ready to activate the development’s open spaces for event agencies and companies looking to host an event or activation in the smartest and most sustainable city district in the world. Msheireb Downtown Doha comprises more than 100 buildings, with a combination of commercial and residential properties, retail, cultural offerings (Msheireb Museums), entertainment areas, Qatar Academy Msheireb and four hotels; Mandarin Oriental Doha, Al Wadi Hotel Doha MGallery, Park Hyatt Hotel and a Boutique Hotel currently under construction. With such a diverse and historic city, Msheireb Downtown Doha has a variety of venues, from meeting rooms to the world’s largest open-air public square making it the ideal place for events. It is equipped with the smartest technologies whilst maintaining sustainable solutions. Al Rayyan Roa Amiri uar atar Amiri Diwan Annee Acaemy Msheireb ational Msheireb Archie Museums Bin elmoo treet Msheireb roperties Manarin riental Barahat Msheireb Hotel treet Mohamme bin assim Al ahraba treet alleria Mall ou ai nerpass ahat ahat ai Al ahraba Al hali treet Msheireb Abullah bin hani treet hani bin Abullah Al Diwan treet Diwan Al Al ai Hotel ai iat ai Msheireb ar Hyatt Barahat Msheireb Sahat Wadi Msheireb Sahat Al Kahraba Hotel ai Mushireb treet Venues Msheireb Museums Sikkat Wadi Hotels Msheireb Barahat Msheireb Al Rayyan Roa Amiri uar atar Amiri Diwan Annee Barahat Msheireb is an open square in the centre of Msheireb Downtown Doha. -
Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development
Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development About Qatar Foundation: Qatar Foundation (QF) is a non-profit organization that supports Qatar on its journey to becoming a diversified and sustainable economy. By offering lifelong learning opportunities, fostering a culture of innovation, and empowering the local community, QF is investing in Qatar’s future and contributing to a better world. History of Qatar Foundation: QF was established in 1995 by His Highness Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, the Father Amir, and Her Highness Sheikha Moza bint Nasser. They shared the visionary idea that the future of Qatar lies in unlocking the most precious resource of all: human potential. Our Focus: QF focuses its efforts on the core mission areas of Pre-University Education; Higher Education; Research, Development, and Innovation; and Community Development. The Qatar Foundation Story Our non-profit organization provides outstanding services for the advancement of Qatar and its people through our unique, innovation-focused ecosystem of education; research, development, and innovation; and community development. We began with a vision to provide Qatar with quality education – a vision that has now been realized. Our priority has always been to develop human capital and to invest in Qatar’s future. “Since its inception in 1995, Qatar Foundation (QF) has been a crucial component in developing the talents of our young people and building a strong and sustainable economy for future generations,” said Her Highness Sheikha Moza bint Nasser, Chairperson of Qatar Foundation. Now, more than two decades after its inception, QF has created the foundations for education and research, development, and innovation; and is continuing on its journey to make a positive impact, locally and internationally. -
Doha Forum and Qatardebate Host the Doha Forum: Youth Edition
DOHA FORUM AND QATARDEBATE HOST THE DOHA FORUM: YOUTH EDITION Doha Forum and QatarDebate, a member of Qatar Foundation (QF), today hosted the Doha Forum: Youth Edition at the Education City Student Center. The event was attended by Her Excellency Sheikha Hind bint Hamad Al Thani, Vice Chairperson and CEO, Qatar Foundation, and Her Excellency Lolwah Al Khater, Spokesperson for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Doha Forum: Youth Edition aims to enhance the debating skills of young people, and engage them in discussions on issues that are trending around the world, in preparation for the 18th Doha Forum, scheduled to be held on December 15-16 in Doha. Focusing on the importance of dialogue in addressing contemporary issues and challenges, the Doha Forum: Youth Edition is one of the most important events in QatarDebate’s 2018 calendar. Her Excellency Sheikha Hind bint Hamad Al Thani said: “It has been truly inspiring to listen to the voice of youth being applied to such rigorous, constructive, and insightful dialogue about some of the key issues that our world is experiencing today, and will continue to experience. “The Doha Forum: Youth Edition has focused on topics that are at the center of global discussions, debates, and agendas – the patterns, causes, and impact of mass immigration; and the effects of fake news on how we consume, and perceive, media – and challenged young people to approach them from different standpoints. These issues, and others like them, will impact on their lives and their societies. Through their participation in this event, they will be better equipped to represent the voice of youth in global conversations on topics that truly matter, and to encourage and empower their peers to ensure they also have their say about our world.” In her opening remarks, Her Excellency Lolwah Al Khater, Spokesperson for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, said: “Today we celebrate the launch of Doha Forum’s new edition, the first ever youth edition, in partnership with QatarDebate and Qatar Foundation. -
Education City Golf Club to Be the New Venue for 2020 CB Qatar Masters
Sports Wednesday, October 23, 2019 17 The 23rd edition Bangladesh of the tournament cricket boss to be held from labels players’ March 5 to 8, 2020 strike a TRIBUNE NEWS NETWORK DOHA ‘conspiracy’ COMMERCIAL Bank has en- DPA tered a partnership agreement DHAKA with Qatar Golf Associate to continue to be the official Title A top Bangladeshi cricket offi- Sponsor for the tournament cial described the strike called until 2022. by leading players as “part of a Education City Golf Club conspiracy” to destabilize the will become the newest Golf country’s cricketing. Course on the European Tour “A handful of cricketers Calendar when it hosts the might be involved with it ... we 23rd edition of the Commercial will shortly be able find them Bank Qatar Masters in 2020. out,” Nazmul Hasan, presi- Designed by two time Major dent of Bangladesh Cricket Champion and World Golf Hall Board (BCB), told a news con- of Fame 2009 - Jose Maria Ola- ference in Dhaka on Tuesday, zabal, the exciting new venue a day after the cricketers went expects to not only challenge on the strike. the European Tour stars but to Top players, led by cel- entertain local and internation- ebrated cricketer Shakib Al al spectators with its unique Hasan, announced the strike views of the Doha Skyline and demanding a hike in their pay the 2022 Education City World package on Monday. Cup Stadium. The action comes ahead of The highly-anticipated the start of the National Cricket event is organized by The Qa- Education City Golf Club League season, scheduled for tar Golf Association (QGA), Thursday, and Bangladesh’s the Qatar Olympic Commit- tour to India early next month. -
Economic and Social Council Distr.: General 3 May 2011
United Nations E/2011/93 Economic and Social Council Distr.: General 3 May 2011 Original: English Substantive session of 2011 Geneva, 4-29 July 2011 Item 2 (b) of the provisional agenda* High-level segment: annual ministerial review Letter dated 25 April 2011 from the Permanent Representative of Qatar to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Economic and Social Council With regard to the preparations of the voluntary national presentation of the State of Qatar on the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals on the theme of education, I have the honour to transmit the national report of Qatar for circulation at the annual ministerial review of the high-level segment of the substantive session of the Economic and Social Council of 2011 (see annex). (Signed) Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser Ambassador Permanent Representative * E/2011/100. 11-32092 (E) 160511 260511 *1132092* E/2011/93 Annex to the letter dated 25 April 2011 from the Permanent Representative of Qatar to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Economic and Social Council [Original: Arabic] Voluntary national presentation of Qatar on the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals concerning education Contents Page Summary ..................................................................... 4 I. Introduction ................................................................... 5 II. Major features of Qatar National Vision 2030 ....................................... 5 III. Importance of education and of gender equality in the field of education ................. 7 IV. Progress made in implementing the two Goals ....................................... 7 A. Achieving universal primary education......................................... 7 B. Promoting gender equality and the empowerment of women ....................... 10 C. Achieving high-quality education ............................................. 11 D. Human rights education ..................................................... 12 E. -
GUIDE to NORTHWESTERN LIFE in QATAR 5 Last Updated: 6/27/2016
Guide to Life in Qatar Qatar Support Office 1801 Maple Avenue, Suite 5320 Evanston, Illinois 60208 +847 467-0900 Northwestern University in Qatar PO Box 34102 Doha, Qatar +974 4454-5000 www.qatar.northwestern.edu __________________________________________________________________________ GUIDE TO LIFE IN QATAR 1 Last Updated: 6/27/2016 The Guide is intended to provide an informal and preliminary orientation to life in Doha, Qatar. The Guide does not supersede the terms and conditions outlined in any faculty or staff appointment letter and it is offered solely for informational purposes. Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 4 Learning about Qatar ................................................................................................................... 5 Location ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Geographic Features and Climate ............................................................................................... 5 People .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Capital City ................................................................................................................................. 5 Government ................................................................................................................................ -
Bombardier Test Project Involves Induction Technology Page 1 of 3
Bombardier test project involves induction technology Page 1 of 3 Bombardier test project involves induction technology BY FRANÇOIS SHALOM, THE GAZETTE JANUARY 10, 2013 An artist’s conception of Bombardier’s new electric bus which has its battery recharged through a capacitor under bus stops. MONTREAL — There’s no budget, no timeline, no proven technology, much less shovels in the ground or even a signed contract. But it’s substantially more than an idle dream. Montreal’s Île-Ste-Hélène is scheduled to be the North American test site this year for Bombardier Inc.’s Primove pilot project, a technology that is being tested at four sites in Germany, where the firm’s rail division is based. Primove’s mandate is to develop electric mass-transit propulsion systems, but not the vehicles themselves. Intended to bypass the conventional notion of electric buses and trolley buses powered by cumbersome batteries, Primove rests on an inductive transfer of power from ground-based electrical power sources to very small batteries placed under, not in, the bus. Sensors on the vehicles would store the energy emitted by the electro-magnetic field, but only in small quantities, feeding the bus or trolley sufficiently to reach the next power source a short distance away. The system can charge while the vehicle is in motion or at rest. http://www.montrealgazette.com/story_print.html?id=7803624&sponsor= 2/28/2013 Bombardier test project involves induction technology Page 2 of 3 “You bury power stations capable of charging rapidly, even instantly — we’re talking seconds — so that you don’t need to resort to (lengthier) conventional power boost systems currently on the market” like hybrid and electric vehicles, said Bombardier Transportation spokesperson Marc Laforge. -
Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development
Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development About Qatar Foundation Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development (QF) is a non-profit organization that supports Qatar on its journey to becoming a diversified and sustainable economy. By offering lifelong learning opportunities, fostering a culture of innovation, and empowering the local community, QF is investing in Qatar’s future and contributing to a better world for all. History of Qatar Foundation QF was established in 1995 by His Highness Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, the Father Amir, and Her Highness Sheikha Moza bint Nasser. They shared the visionary idea to provide Qatar with quality education for all. Our Focus QF focuses its efforts on the core mission areas of Pre-University Education; Higher Education; Research, Development, and Innovation; and Community Development. The Qatar Foundation Story Our non-profit organization provides specialized programs for the advancement of Qatar and its people through our unique, innovation-focused ecosystem of education; research, development, and innovation; and community development. We began with a vision to provide Qatar with quality education – a vision that has now been realized. Our priority has always been to develop human capital and to invest in Qatar’s future. “Since its inception in 1995, Qatar Foundation (QF) has been a crucial component in developing the talents of our young people and building a strong and sustainable economy for future generations,” said Her Highness Sheikha Moza bint Nasser, Chairperson of Qatar Foundation. - 1 - Now, more than two decades after its inception, QF has created the foundations for education; research, development, and innovation; and is continuing on its journey to make a positive impact, locally and internationally. -
KM Issue 57.Pdf
اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟـــــﺔ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ، ﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻗﻄﺮ. اﻟﺮؤﻳـــــــﺔ ﺑﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ٢٠٣٠، ﺳﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻴﻨﺎ ﻭﺃﺻﻮﻟﻨﺎ ﻭﺃﻧﻈﻤﺘﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺗﻨﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﺍً ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎً ، ﻟﻸﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ. اﻟﻘﻴـــــﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﺀ : ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﻓﻲ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﺀ. ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺗﻪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ. ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﺠﻮﺩﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ. ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ : ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻣﺘﺜﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ. ﺗﺒﻨﻲ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﻛﻬﺮﻣﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﻛﺒﺔ ﻭﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ. ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ : ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻼﺀ ﺑﺜﻘﺔ ﻣﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻲ. ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ. ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﻛﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ. ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴـــﺔ : ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺄﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ. ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺛﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ. ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ. ﺍﻟـــــﻮﻻﺀ : ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻕ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻬﺮﻣﺎﺀ ﻭﺩﻋﻢ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻣﻨﺔ ﻭﺻﺤﻴﺔ. ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺨﺮ ﺑﺈﻧﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎ. ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻲ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻄﺎﺏ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻴﻦ ﺃﻛﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻫﻢ، ﻭﺍﻹﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ، ﻭﺩﻋﻢ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻄﻴﺮ. التقطير | 1 كلمة العدد في إطار خطط كهرماء لرفع مخزون المياه اﻻستراتيجي في الدولة، وتأمينها لمختلف المناطق، قامت المؤسسة بوضع حجر اﻷساس لمشروع الخزانات اﻻستراتيجية الكبرى لتأمين المياه في دولة قطر يعد هذا المشروع أكبر توسعة لمخزون المياه في قطر، وهو إعﻻن لقدرة قطاع المياه وجاهزيته للوفاء بمتطلبات التنمية، وهو إنجاز ما كان له أن يتحقق لوﻻ الدعم الﻻمحدود والجهد المبذول من فريق عمل كهرماء. ويهدف المشروع إلى رفع المخزون اﻻستراتيجي من المياه لتلبية متطلبات الدولة في الحاﻻت العادية والطارئة حتى عام 2026م كمرحلة أولى. ويضم المشروع 24 خزانا للمياه تعد اﻷكبر في العالم بسعة )2273( مليون جالون، إضافة إلى تمديد ما يقارب )650( كم من أنابيب المياه ذات اﻷقطار الكبيرة والمختلفة الحجم تربط بين هذه الخزانات ومحطات التحلية.