Contents

Preface: The Arab Revolution ix By Ghada Hashem Talhami

1 Whither the Arab Spring? Government in the : Monarchy, Pan-Arab Socialism, and 3 By Paul McCaffrey

The Long Revolt 7 By Rami G. Khouri, The Wilson Quarterly, Summer 2011

The Arab Autumn 12 By Stephen L. Carter, Newsweek, November 7, 2011

Neoconservatives and the Arab Spring 14 By Joshua Muravchik, Commentary, September 2011

World Citizen: Don’t Call It the ‘Arab Spring’ Just Yet 25 By Frida Ghitis, World Politics Review, September 22, 2011

The Dark Side of the Arab Spring 28 By Jonathan Aitken, American Spectator, June 2011

Arab Spring Transforms North Africa’s Media Landscape 31 By Peter Feuilherade, The Middle East, July 2011

Arab Spring and the Mukhabarat Moment 34 By Ed Blanche, The Middle East, November 1, 2011

2 The Awakening of Revolution in Tunisia

Why Tunisia? 41 By Paul McCaffrey

That Other Tunisia 45 By Graham Usher, The Nation, September 12, 2011

From People to Citizens in Tunisia 50 By Nadia Marzouki, Middle East Report, Summer 2011

What Future for Tunisia’s Economy? 55 The Middle East, October 1, 2011

Assessing Tunisia’s Elections 61 By Dale Sprusansky, Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, January 2012

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3 : Tahrir Square and After

Egyptian Politics: Nasserism and the Muslim Brotherhood 65 By Paul McCaffrey

Egypt’s Islamists: A Cautionary Tale 70 By Hillel Fradkin and Lewis Libby, Commentary, April 2011

Bloody Democracy 77 By Mike Giglio, Newsweek, November 28, 2011

Revolution Returns to Tahrir Square 80 By Bel Trew, New Statesman, November 28, 2011 With Eye on Political Power, Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood Treads Carefully After Election Win 82 By Hamza Hendawi, The Associated Press, January 9, 2012

4 : Qaddafi’s Downfall

The Strange Odyssey of Muammar Qaddafi 87 By Paul McCaffrey

“Qaddafi Gave Us No Choice” 92 By Anjali Kamat, The Progressive, December 2011

Libya: Where Will the Chips Fall? 96 By Adel Darwish, The Middle East, October 2011

My Walk Through the Valley of Death 100 By Janine di Giovanni, Newsweek, October 24, 2011

Black and White in Libya 105 By Åsne Seierstad, Newsweek, October 23, 2011

False Ending 108 By Sophie McBain, New Statesman, October 31, 2011

Libyan ‘Crossfire’ 110 By Charles Krauthammer, , October 27, 2011

5 : Twilight of the Assad Regime?

Deep Divisions: Syrian Society and Politics 115 By Paul McCaffrey Contents vii

Syrian Stalemate? 120 The Middle East, November 2011

Syria’s Assad on the Ropes? 124 By Patrick Seale, The Nation, September 12, 2011

Assad’s Hope of Survival 130 By Ed Blanche, The Middle East, August 1, 2011

Out of the Shadow of Fear 134 By Åsne Seierstad, Newsweek, June 5, 2011

Inside the City of Fear 141 By James Harkin, Newsweek, November 28, 2011

6 Elsewhere on the Arabian Peninsula: Bahrain and Yemen

A Country Divided: Yemen’s Plight 149 By Paul McCaffrey

Chill Winds Follow Dawn of the Arab Spring 153 By Brian Dooley, Nick Redmayne, and a special correspondent in Damascus, The Middle East, July 2011

Bahrain Commission Issues Brutal Critique of Arab Spring Crackdown 158 By Elizabeth Dickinson, The Christian Science Monitor, November 23, 2011

Divided They Stand 161 By Haley Sweetland Edwards, The New Republic, April 28, 2011

Yemeni President Hands over Power, but Little Changes 164 By Sudarsan Raghavan, The Washington Post, December 3, 2011

Clampdown in Bahrain 167 By Scheherezade Faramarzi, The Nation, September 12, 2011

7 The Poltical Economy of Revolution

The Economics of the Arab World 173 By Paul McCaffrey

The Economics of the Arab Spring 177 The Financial Times, April 24, 2011

Restructuring U.S. Foreign Assistance in the Wake of the Arab Spring 179 By Mathew O’Sullivan, The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, September 2011

Working-Class Revolutions? 183 By Joel Beinin, The Nation, September 12, 2011 viii Contents

Punishing Doctors in Bahrain 190 By Ala’a Shehabi, The Nation, October 31, 2011

Yemenis Hopeless About Economy as Revolt Continues 191 By Richard Burkholder, Gallup Poll Briefing, November 8, 2011

The Island at the Center of the World: The Silencing of Bahrain’s Crisis 193 By Derek Henry Flood, Terrorism Monitor, May 12, 2011

Bibliography 199 Web Sites 201 Index 203 About the Editor 207