· Vox Unx VoLJANUARY, X 1937No.2 Vol. X JANUARY, 1937 NO.2 Vol. XL No. 2 Vol.XL No.2

UNITED COLLEGES WINNIPEG, MANITOBA

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• • vox WESLEYANA

~ CONTENTS

Salutatory. Historical Sketch of Wesley College. The College Staff. Constitution of "Vox." The Literary Society. Local News.

•• JANUARY, 1897 • &

Cover oj first issue. EDITORS 1E1D11l101R.S OF WESLEY COLLEGE STUDENT MAGAZINES

VOX WESLEYANA Vol. 1,1897-8-E. Woodhull Vol. 9, 1905-6- * Vol. 2,1898-9-A,. W. Kenner Vol. 10, 1906-7-.:...c. J. White Vol. 3, 1899-1900~A. W. Kenner Vol.lI,1907-8- * Vol. 4, 1900-1-Gordon Tanner Vol. 12, 1908-9-J. W. Shipley Vol. 5,1901-2-H. W. Graham Vol. 13, 1909-10-W. R. Cottingham Vol. 6, 1902-3- * Vol. 14, 1910-1I-C. W. McCool Vol. 7,1903-4- * Vol. 15, 191I-12-W. Lindal Vol. 8, 1904-5-- * Vol. 16, 1912-13-George Dorey Vol. 17, 1913-14-B. W. Bridgman

THE GLEAM Vol. 1. 1914-15-J. A. S. Gardner

vox WESLEYANA' Vol. 19, 1915-16-H. D. Ranns Vol. 25, 1921-22-A. Willis Cann Vol.20, 1916-17-E. P. Scarlett. Vol. 26, 1922-23':J. V. Straumfjord Vol. 21, 1917-18-T. H. Nuttall Vol. 27, 1923-24-W.Kristjanson Vol. 22,1918-19-Vera Patrick Vol. 28, 1924':25-D. B. Sparling Vol. 23, 1919-20-J. Watts Vol. 29, 1925-26_H. E. James Vol. 24,1920-21-0. S. Alsaker Vol. 30, 1926-27-D. Owens vox Vol. 36-1932-33-Wm. G. Onions Vol. 31, 1927-28 Harold Robson Vol.Vol. 36-1932-33-Wm. 37, 1933-34-Thomas G. OnionsSaunders -Haro1d Robson Vol. gERALD 32, 1928-29-Gera1d RiddellVol. 38, 1934-35-Thomas Saunders V Hart J. Harland Clifford Matchett Robt.Vol. J. Leighton 39, 1935-36-Robt. Thos A. PayneJ. Leighton ol. 33, 1929-30-C1ifford Matchett Vol. 34, 1930-31-Hart. J. Harland Gwen Henderson Vol. 35, 1931-32-Thos. A. Payne Vol. 40, 1936-37-C. J. Mackenzie

* Records are missing. Information would be appreciated. EDITORIAL 8ditorial ODAY Vox commemorates three, indeed four, anniversaries, to T wit: the diamond jubilee of the incorporation of Wesley College under the statutes of the Province of Manitoba, 40 Victoria: Cap. 41, assented to February 28th, 1877; the fortieth anniversary of the , founding of an undergraduate publication in that college, at first Vox Wesleyana, later Vox; the twentieth year since the inaugura­ tion of the present president of the college, Dr. J. H. Riddell; and, (although this is not strictly an event for celebration) the tenth an­ niversary of the reorganization and renaming of the college maga­ zine, Vox Wesleyana, which name, since the union of the colleges and the previous union of Vox with the journal of Manitoba College, had become somewhat unsatisfactory. Hence Vox. Because of lack of adequate preparation, the histories of these institutions and of Dr. Riddell's presidency, are necessarily brief and sketchy. This is to be regretted, for there are factors in the his­ tory of a college, and efforts of its work,.that cannot be indicated in a three-page article. For Wesley College has played an important part in the history of Winnipeg and the province. In the minds of the populace it has come to represent certain definite but indefinable characteristics, to stand for freedom of opinion if not liberalism itself at times when endeavors were being made by prosperous business to restore the college to the cloistered status it had had in the middle ages, a liberalism best indicated by the. names of four graduates, Woodsworth, Ivens, Heaps, Halldorson; these only be­ cause they are locally known, for there are others, scattered over Western Canada, maintaining the standards of liberty of opinion and action which were their heritage from their college. And is that not the add test of the worth of an institution, that its graduates bear with them principles by which they may order their lives after they become of the world? It is no use pointing to a well-balanced school, a college of scholarship winners as a good example. It should be judged instead by the Old Boys. Whether as a body they are balanced, cultured, responsible, and adult mentally and emotionally. And then also the world is too prone to think in material terms. The goodof the institution, which can be measured in terms of dol­ lars and cents, is considered rather than the good of the student, cultural and thus incalculable. The standard question is, "What is Jones doing for Wesley?" Never "What is Wesley doing for Jones?" Which is, after all, of infinitely greater moment. [3] "How about trying a 'gelandesprung'?" "Thanks, I'll stick to Sweet Caps!"

SWEET CAPORAL CIGARETTES "The purest form in which tobacco can be smoked."-Lancet. A Recognition This issue would not be complete without some mention of the members of the Faculty who have served during forty years as Advisory members of Vox Editorial Board. While we as students are naturally grateful to our faculty for their efforts on our behalf in the curricular sphere, it is rarely that recognition is given to those who interest themselves also in the extra-curriculum activities of the student body. Vox is particularly appreciative of the work of these men, whose names are listed elsewhere. They have been ready at all times to suggest and to advise, at times when advice and suggestion is very necessary. Sometimes, it must be admitted, the Editor has been impatient, has disregarded well-meant counsel, and has come to regret the impatience, However, by this they shall know that their work on behalf of the student body has not been completely ignored, and that by those that realize its value, it- is greatly appreciated.

POETRY COMPETITION Following the custom initiated last year, again Vox will sponsor a competition among the student body of the College for English Lyric Poetry. The entries in this contest are judged by a group of three faculty members selected by Prof. A. L. Phelps, who has, in the past, awarded a book prize for the best entry submitted. The competition will close on the 15th of February, 1937, by which date all entries must be in the hands of the Editor-in-Chief of Vox, either in care of the Registrar's office or at 572 Furby Street, Winnipeg. All poems must bear the signature of the entrant..

CONTRIBUTIONS BEATTIE, EARLE J., author of one of the most popular articles in last issue, once again comes to the rescue. BUNDY, REG., temporarily forsakes the drama for Musical Comment. HENDERSON, BRAD., who announces for publication that he was born in Winnipeg. An admirer of the works of Aircraftsman Shaw. HUNTER, RODERICK 0., the Senior Stick himself. Claims the privi­ lege of his office-a page in Vox. STRINGER, HAROLD B., contributes to Vox in his own peculiar fashion. A. MURRAY SMITH-He preaches and debates. One of the old reliable contributors to Vox. [5] _ • WHEN YOU'VE HAD A MEAL WHICH DOESN'T QUITE FILL THE BILL

THE BEST MILK CHOCOLATE MADE WESLEY COLLEGE - 60 YEARS INNIPEG" 1877. A reasonable-sized city, with a population of W26,000. Several three-story buildings. Portage Avenue and Main Street still the old log roads, others [nst mud after a rain. On Kennedy Street there had just been completed a palatial new home for the provincial legislature, of beautiful white brick painted bam red. Hon. Alexander Morris presided therein over a group of solons which deliberated vigorously on such topics as whether cows should be allowed to walk on Main Street and whether the Revised Statutes should be printed in quarto or octavo size. (Contemporary Letters). One day earlyin the new year a group of prominent local citiz­ ens, composed of Rev. John F. German, M.A.; Rev. Edw. Morrow, M.A.; Rev. Thos. E. Morden, B.A.; Thos. Nixon, Alfred W. Burrows, James Stewart, James H. Ashdown, John Hargrave, Finlay P. Rob­ lin, Hon. Wm. N. Kennedy, Samuel C. Biggs, B.A., called upon the assembled legislators and conveyed to them the welcome news that they had in their midst an educational institution, the Wesleyan Institute, founded in 1873 by Rev. George Young in response to the urgent pleas of local Methodist bodies. Originally this institution was housed in a log cabin on Point Douglas, later the classes became so large that a new two-story building was erected on the site of the present Board of Trade Building. This institute carried on work until 1876, when, upon the formation of the Provincial Board of Education, its work was taken over by that body. Hence, when the imposing list of gentlemen named above asked the solons for a charter for an higher educational institution under the supervision of the Wesleyan Methodist Church, their request was granted with pleasure. It wasn't going to cost the legislature anything. Simultaneously the Methodist Episcopal Church obtained a charter for Trinity College, Winnipeg, later united with Wesley College after the union of the two church bodies. Although provision had been made under the act of incorpora­ tion for a Board of Directors, several of which were named, it was not until 1887that a College Board was formed, under the chairman­ ship of J. A. M. Aikins, Q.C. The Board was successful in obtaining as principal Rev. J. W. Sparling, who came west from Kingston. Under his administration, Wesley College was affiliated with the [7] University of Manitoba (1888) and in the same year classes in the university subjects were taught in the parlors of Grace Church. This arrange­ ment proving hopelessly in-, adequate, September 1889 saw a move to a small building on Albert Street, and 1890 to a building at Broadway and Ed­ monton, erected for the pur" pose. The far-sighted policy of the Board of Directors led them to purchase, in 1892, six acres of land. As this property ­ was on Colony Creek (now long forgotten) at the inter­ section of Portage Avenue and Balmoral Street, it was deem­ ed useless for building pur­ DR. J. W. SPARLING, First Principal poses, but the College deter- mined to attempt to erect a building on the site. 1894 saw the completion of the plans for this erection, and the lowest tender was $100,000.00. Work began im­ mediately so that by August 6th, 1895, the building was completed and was occupied as a men's residence and class-room building on January 6th, 1896. The formal opening, however, did not take place until June 5th of the same year, when it was announced that 90% of the sum required for the erection of the building had already been subscribed, and 62% already paid, a remarkable record. At the beginning of the 1896-97 term there were 127 students registered. The years 1897-1912 are marked only by changes in personnel, part of the staff being handed over to the University to teach the Science subjects in which it at the moment specialized. In 1912, however, work was begun on a new building to be used as a men's residence and for the Matriculation department. At the same time Wesley College inaugurated a summer school, the regis" tration at the first session of which was 43. The death of Rev. Prin­ cipal Sparling, in 1912, led to the appointment of Andrew Stewart as acting Principal until such times as a successor could be selected. [8] The new building, opened in 1913,was later named Sparling Hall, in memory of the first principal of the college. The increase of the university in size and influence, led to a request in 1913 that the affiliated colleges should tum over their Arts departments completely to the University, and continue to teach Theology only. This request was complied with by St. John's Col­ lege, Manitoba College, and Wesley College, but in 1914, upon urgent representations by the General Conference of the Methodist Church in Eastern Canada, Wesley College resumed the teaching of Arts sub­ jects for Manitoba College, which continued to teach Theology. This co-operation between the Colleges is notable in the light of later events.

More staff changes occupied the interval between 1915 and 192~. J. H. Riddell succeeded Eber Crummy who succeeded Andrew Stewart to the Principalship. Sparling Hall became a Woman's Residence. 1922 saw the co-operation of the faculties of Wesley and Manitoba College for the purpose of cutting down expenses. Thus Manitoba College students took Arts subjects at Wesley, while Wesley undergrads could receive instruction in Greek, Hebrew, and the Theological courses at Manitoba.College. , 1926 sa\\' church union: arid the creati~~ of a situation where the maintenance of two educational plants in Winnipeg was unneces­ sary. However, for some years, while the colleges were administered [9] by, 'ir joint board, each retained its separate identity and-building under the name of United Colleges. High cost of maintenance soon stopped this plan, and in 1931 the faculty and plant of Manitoba College was moved into rooms in the Wesley 'College Building, following the selling of the Manitoba College building to St. Paul's College in 1931. ,}. e i As a result of the moving of the University to the Fort Garry site, a move which Wesley College strenuously opposed; it became necessary.idua to the withdrawal of the facilities of .the Senior Library of the University to expand the facilities of United Colleges. Hence there was erected in the summer of 1934 a' wing of the build­ ing for the purpose of housing the library. This has been the most recent of the major additions to the plant, which has thus been once [again brought up-to-date and fit for the teaching bfall Arts and I !Theological courses. As thil?isSue of Vox goes to press the Boards of Wesley College land Manitoba College are preparing a charter which will be pre­ sented when completed to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba to be enacted into a law of the province. The name of the new institu­ tion is Wesley United College.

CWe C(9hank ~ou WESLEY for Six Decades of Finer Citizens • lU~$on~1)ttt! (LntpttUt!. . INCORPORATED 2':'':' MAY 1670.

[10] DR. J. H. RIDDELL - TWENTY YEARS IN 1892 the Board of Directors of Wesley College, Winnipeg, made the announcement that at the beginning of the next term, J. H. Riddell, B.A.,a.D.,wQuld assumethe.duties of lecturerin, classics in that institution...,AI1d'thus wasbegurfthel,l.ssociationqf'Dr. Rid­ dell. with the College,·. an association which;has .,e.ontinu~ ,antil the present day, broken only partially by an.absence from Winnipeg of ~u,r.teenyears duration. ., Paucity of records necessitatethe passing over Qlth~first period of Drv Riddell's service with the College. However.vfrom 1894 to 1903 he fulfilled the duties of Professor of Classics, established an undergraduate publication, Vox Wesleyana,becoming first chair­ man of the Editorial Board, designed personally the present crest of the. College, which was later approved l.lf the Board of Directors, and; in, the last few years of this period, was also acting as Registrar. In '1903, however, he was called to Edmonton to found Alberta College. .Fourteen years were spent in Alberta, during which the original Alberta College, an institution combining commercial instruction and Arts work up to the end of the second year in McGill University, was established on the north bank of the Saskatchewan. With the foundation of the University of Alberta, this College having at that time a Second Year class in McGill University, transferred this class' to the University of Alberta, and this class accordingly became the nucleus ofthe first class of the University of Alberta, one of which is today the Registrar of the University. The original North Side College was continued on the lines originally laid down. Dr. Rid­ dell then became head of the Arts College, now known as St. Steph­ en's College, in 1910, and remained in that position until 1917. In his work with Alberta College Dr. Riddell taught the first'Greek lessons ever given in the Province of Alberta, and prepared the first student from that country, in the person of Mr. Bellamy, as Rhodes Scholar. The resignation of Dr. Eber Crummy from the presidency of Wesley College in that year compelled the Board to search for a successor, and it was eventually decided to appoint the .former professor of classics who had made such a success of the administra­ tion of Alberta College. Hence in 1917 he arrived to take charge of the College, and found a situation closely bordering upon chaos. The management of the institution was inefficient, the student body independent, the buildings deteriorating rapidly, even the faculty [11] DR. J. H. RIDDELL

[12] openly insubordinate. The first three years of the new president's regime were devoted solely to the reduction of the inchoate'mess to a stage in which it might be dealt with in a logical manner.' "I'his having been effected by 1920, the remaining years of Dr. Riddell's term of office have been spent in remedying of the outstanding de­ fects of the structure of the College. His program of reform, instituted in 1920, is marked by three phases. Primarily it was his task to place the College in sound financial shape, a duty that took five years of undivided effort. This was effected by four means, first of which was improvements of the method of internal administration. An example of this was the trans­ ferrance of the Women's residence from 58~Broadway,where it had been established during the war, to Sparling Hall, where it could come under the control of the College authorities at all times, and where a combination of the cooking and domestic facilities of both men's and women's residences resulted, in a considerable, saving. Second step was the institution of a campaign to liquidate the debt under the direction of the College administration, in which the support of the'student body was also obtained. Third was the ob­ taining of assistance froin the national campaign fund of the Methodist Church of Canada, which was of material benefit to the College, and fourth was a contribution of $100,000 from J. H. Ash­ down, a substantial basis for a program of reconstruction, which immediately followed the successful culmination of this five-year campaign to abolish the debt. The second program of reform undertaken by the President was for the renovation of the buildings. It can hardly be imagined by a contemporary visitor to the College in what shape the buildings wereIn in 1917, upon the accession of the President. Conditions were not merely unsatisfactory, they were "out and out insanitary," and prompt steps were required to preserve the main building, chief of which was a complete new sewage and plumbing system, installed in the early years of Dr. Riddell's regime, and a new wiring system, to replace that installed in 1895, prior to the development of electric lighting on a large scale. Second feature of the reform program was the supplying of satisfactory fire protection, and under this phase of the program there was installed the sprinklersystem, and the north fire escape, a considerable improvement upon the former equipment of one small escape on the west side of the building. Finally there was undertaken the renovation of the grounds, the completion of which came only in 1932, with the levelling and plow­ ing of the entire lawn. Thus this period was !Uarked by outstand- [13] ing and necessary reforms which have aided materially in the pre­ servation of the buildings. The third phase of the work of the president was the reorganiza­ tion ot!the work of the College, a tremendous task, effected through the selection of the proper men for each course offered; the expansion of these courses to include work in the senior division (especially in Mathematics, Economics, and French), and the introduction ot new subjects, such as Sociology and Religious Education. This side of the work is still being carried on as evinced by the reorganization of the senior division courses at present proposed in order to enable specialization in the third, instead of the fourth year. Besides his work with the College, Dr. Riddell's tenure of office has been marked by work in many spheres of activity outside of education. Chief of these has been his participation in the general work of the church,-he was a commissioner to the general confer­ ence which arranged the union of the churches in 1925-and in the Bible Society. In addition he has worked for the Social Welfare Council, on the Prisoners' Aid Society, and many similar organiza­ tions. Consequently his life inWinnipeg has been of incalculable 'benefit to its citizens and its organizations. Dr. Riddell had two sops, one of whom died at St. Orner in February, 1916; the other, R. Gerald Riddell, an Honours Graduate from United Colleges in 1930, is now Senior Tutor in Victoria Uni­ versityand lecturer in History in the University of Toronto. Throughout his term as President of the College, Dr. Riddell has been an advocate of co-operation with the University of Mani­ toba while fighting at all times for the independence of the College. Particularly was this marked in his opposition to the moving of the University to any site outside of the city, on which question his let­ ter to the Free Press is regarded as authoritative. Unlike many others, who saw in the opposition to this move only desire for per­ sonal gain on the part of Wesley College, he recognized that the merging of all the Colleges in one University on a common site would only result in gradual oblivion for the Colleges and increased power and influence for the University. It is with an aim to avoid such a situation that President Riddell has sought eagerly the union of Manitoba and Wesley College, knowing that the two Colleges wouldhave a better chance to survive as a unit than as individual entities; This then can be considered the keynote of his regime, the fitting of the College in every respect to play its part in the life of the community, an endeavor which has been successfully achieved. [14] "VOX WESLEYANA" - 40 YEARS ·IN response to a considerable agitation for the establishment ofa student magazine in Wesley College, a group of students under the chairmanship of Dr. J. H. Riddell, Professor of Classics, met in 1897 and laid plans for the publication 01 a small magazine for the undergraduates of .the College, which was to be issued monthly during the College year. A constitution was drawn up, an editorial board elected, and under the leadership of E. Woodhull, B.A., the first number of the new. publication came out in January, 1897, under title 01 "Vox Wesleyana." This magazine consisted of twenty-four pages, including cover, of which nine were advertisements and the remainder reading material of various sorts, in which class news, a history of Wesley College, and personals, predominated. A constitution for the new sub-committee of the Wesley College.Student Association was in­ cluded, which differs little from that at present regulating the man­ agement of "Vox." For some years thereafter the magazine was continued in its original form, twenty-four pages; eight times a year, for which the subscription rate was $1.00. There was little pretense at a literary magazine, merely comments on class affairs, jokes about College personalities, an occasional religious article (there was a religious editor in those days, and up till 1932), and clippings from the ex­ changes, of which, if one is to believe the lists, there was a far greater quantity than is at present present received. 1903 saw the introduction of cartoons, but these were soon discarded as being too expensive. From 1903 to 1914 there was a gradual reduction in the number of issues published annually, the latter year seeing five only. At this time the temporary co-operation of Manitoba College, and Wesley College for a period of one year led to the merging of "Vox Wesleyana" and the "Manitoba College Journal" which had been founded in 1885. Thus five issues of "The Gleam" were published under the editorship of J. A. S. Gardner. This was easily the best magazine up to this date, for each of the five issues consisted of sixty-four pages, and the cuts were quite profuse. However, upon the conclusion of this experiment in College co-operation, the two Colleges returned to their former status, and "Vox Wesleyana" again came out five times a year. Apparently the Manitoba College Journal.did not survive the temporary loss of identity. The editors of this period seemed to have great difficulty in [15] deciding from. what point of time they should number their issues, and we find two years numbered Volume XVIII, then a "jump to Vol. XXI, then a restoration to the regular system of countingfrom 1897 and including the year of "The Gleam" as a regular volume. Ten more years saw a decrease in the number of issues a year to four, from which it dropped for a short period to three, and has in comparatively recent times been restored to four. However, little or no change was made from the era of "The 'Gleam," 1914-1915, in the style of the magazine, which continued to be the social and per­ sonal record of the College, with occasional cultural articles, book reviews, and similar contributions. The Union of the two Colleges in 1927 practically compelled the revision of the undergraduate magazine so that it might be suitable for both colleges. Hence the elimination of the "Wesleyana" of the title in that year. With a: larger number of contributors to draw from, the magazine rapidly improved in status although there were still obvious the old personal jokes of which this is one of the banal examples: ' Jones enters the class-room: Prof. Blank: "What excuse have you for your attendance to­ day, Mr. Jones?" Jones: "I was unable to sleep." Thus it was not until 1933 that the magazine received a thorough overhauling, and in that year there was drawn up an editorial policy that banned all such jokes henceforth. The aim of the editorial board was the establishment-of a literary magazine which would play some part in the direction of undergraduate thought. To this end, until last year the frontispieces of the book were reproductions of the works of Canadian artists, and this series was only suspended when it was found that there were students .in the College who would do work almost as satisfactory. Hence last issue there was a drawing by Bill Thorne, '39, and last year several by Arthur Neilson, '36. Further similar frontispieces are in preparation. Forty years therefore have seen a great many changes in the format and content of the College magazine. It is only to be hoped that another forty will be as fruitful.

Jl II '. Open all night 1 VI00re s -- including Sunday [16] THE PASSING OF THE UNIVERSITY A. MURRAY SMITH "THE world is essentially absurd. We usually fail to see it for the good reason that we usually fail to see the world at all. We rarely have that intuition of the absurd, that power of seeing the world whole and apart from our personal ends.... But it is part of its absurdity that there should be a little thread of reason running through the world, and, insofar as we discern that thread and hold by it, we have. attained the intuition of the absurd, we have seen the world with the eyes of God, we have lifted ourselves above the herd in the slime.... To be the serene spectator of the absurdity of the world, to be at the same time the strenuous worker in the rationalization of the world-that is the function of the complete man." (Havelock Ellis, "Impressions and Comments," vol iii). It is needless in this day and age to digress to any extent on the "essential absurdity" of our world, for it is quite evident, even to the dullest of onlookers. Its keynote seems to be decentralization, for there does not appear to be any great purpose capable of build­ ing the various parts together, and one cannot but be fearful that if the process continues it will fly apart. Without doubt one of the greatest, if not the greatest, of needs is for a single standard of judgment. The various industrial interests, the interests of em­ ployees and employers, the interests of the different capitalist na­ tions are all at variance with each other for the want of a single standard of judgment. To agree with the standards adopted by each interest is to accept the complete arguments put forth by each to substantiate their claims. Thus we have the old dilemma of "irrefutable arguments for incompatible claims." In this world of contradictions the University finds itself quite at a loss to know its unique function. This inability to place itself is a comparatively modern phenomenon, for, in earlier days, the University had a fairly definite plan and goal. Once it had become somewhat organized, the University, as may be seen in the work of such institutions as Oxford, found its main task in the formation of a class from which the leaders of society could be drawn. Without doubt, such an object was not made explicit in so many words, nor, perhaps, was it even considered as such in contemporary thinking. Yet such an ideal was implicit in its working. From the Universities went out young men with a widened outlook on life's activities and a quite considerable comprehension of the trends of thought in the various branches of learning. Thus equipped they fast became the [17] social and political leaders of,their countries and did noble service in , providing theircivilization with ~ cultural centre. The Universities of today are far from providing the same service, for the decentral­ ization so evident in modern society is, if anything, accentuated in them. The world, seeking for an answer in the Universities, will seek in vain, for the answer is not in them. . . After all, has the world a right to ask the Universities for a solution, or is it asking the wrong question? I cannot but feel that Havelock Ellis is right in statingthat "to be the serene spectator of the absurdity of the world, to be at the same time the strenuous' worker in the rationalization of the world-that is the function of the complete man," and that is the function of the University. To learn without having any object for the utilization of that learning seems to be a worthless task. He is great who is most creative in his own environment and that is the goal to be aimed at in all our studying. The world has a right to look to the Universities for the solution of its problems. In our buildings we have thousands of young people who are to be the statesmen, the social leaders, the cultural nucleus of the world and if the Universities continue in failing to seize the opportunity which they alone have for the I?ould-

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[18] ing of students' opinion so as to provide adequate attitudes for popu­ lar needs, they will pass out of existence. And they will deserve to die. The world asks for leadership that will give to civilization a re­ demptive centre for all its experience, that will unite its various activities by the power of an all-comprehensive objective. But it cannot ask for such.Ieadership from Universities which are them­ selves in the process of dissolution and which are become merely federations of professional training schools. The tendency toward specialization comes far too early in our educational system and that is one root of our difficulty. Even in the high schools there is a considerable degree of specialization, and under such conditions it is impossible to get any sympathetic under­ standing between the various types of professions and trades. Such older types of Universities as Oxford do not even yet give degrees for an exclusive study of such subjects as Economics. They persist in clinging to the older cultural theories, insisting that the economist should know something of such subjects as History, Philosophy, Law, etc., on the grounds that he will be a much better economist who has a knowledge of the others as well. Specialization in studies has been carried much too far and is becoming a real danger to world solidarity. Sir Ernest Simon puts it to the Universities­ "Surely it should be the task of their philosophers to guide us on to the ultimate values, on freedom and equality, on the relations of the individual to the state; of their historians to interpret the events of the past, and especially the revolutionary events of the last twenty years, so as to throw light on the present and the future; of their psychologists and economists and political scientists to analyze what is happening in the vast developments all over the world, and to show us how to modify and direct our legislation and administra­ tion so as to reach the ends set before us by the philosopher." Without doubt a very great difficulty is present in the need of the students to secure employment. For this object the student feels that it is necessary to be highly specialized in the line he wishes to follow. The University, also faced with an economic problem, feels it necessary to secure as many students as possible and so allows preparation for employment to encroach upon their more general­ ized curricula. The senate no longer asks when preparing the cur­ riculum, "What will make the best citizens? What will best satisfy the needs of the day?" Instead of that the type of materials taught depends on the subjects most suitable to enable students to '. employment, thus making the Universities, as I have said, a collec­ tion of professional training schools. This may be inevitable, as we [19} are told, but if it is then the passing of the University is inevitable also. Two types of subject are studied in our Universities--technical and social sciences. An analysis demonstrates that the great major­ ity of students are studying the technical sciences while an infini­ tesimal number are studying the social sciences. Yet the social sciences are the real need of the day! Indeed many Universities are not equipped to provide any adequate opportunity for the study of rocial sciences. Surely this is sufficient evidence of the downright failure of the Universities to face the facts, or else their shortsighted inability to realize the facts. The difficulty: has been often advanced that it would be almost impossible to secure teachers capable of handling the very difficult task that would be theirs under a newer type of University. Per­ haps this right type of teacher is not evident in any great numbers inside or outside of our Universities as yet. But that does not mean they cannot be secured, for the right type of teacher does not become evident until opportunity for displaying his powers is made. One must agree with G. D. H. Cole that, "When a teacher has once got 'set' under existing conditions, he is apt to become extremely un­ adaptable. But, given a change in objective, I believe there would be no difficulty in recruiting teachers who would take far more gladly to the new ideas in education than those who are recruited now take to the system under which they are compelled to work." The Universities have a great opportunity. They have largely failed to accomplish that which we might justly expect of them. To readjust themselves to the real needs of society would be difficult but not impossible. To atempt to give real leadership to the world will lay them open to many attacks. But "there is a worse fate than to be attacked: that is, to be shelved."

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[20] LAWRENCE OF ARABIA By BRADFORD HENDERSON TURKISH military officers were somewhat delayed in their 1917 campaign in Arabia by a mystery man who was evidently play­ ing the dual role of leader and spy. With uncanny precision his men attacked and blew up railway trains carrying men and provisions from Berlin to Medina. Through some means he had aroused the Arabian tribes into revolt against Ottoman rule. At every point he balked the Turkish moves, and all this with a mere handful of men and a seemingly very scientific array of apparatus. In desperation they offered ~ price of $5,000 for this "wrecker of engines," dead or alive, but we know that this inducement was of no avail. Lawrence's camp in Arabia was established at El Wejh, some 32 miles from the Red Sea coast. It was without doubt one of the most scientific fighting machines that was seen in the Great War. A wireless station and receiving apparatus,' three Rolls Royce ar­ moured cars, two Rolls Racers, ten camels and a semi-circle of twelve tents formed the complete base. From this compact camp Lawrence went at spasmodic intervals to reconnoitre among the enemy, or direct an attack against them. H. E. Green, a resident of Winnipeg who fought with Lawrence four years in the Arabian conflict, tells most vividly of his colonel's proficiency in disguise. Rather short in stature, as the majority of Arabs, and having a fine chiseled face, it required only the addition of grease paint, thin whiskers, and the tribal dress, to make Law­ rence unrecognizable. On one occasion Mr. Green relates, he was standing guard over one of the precious Rolls Royces when an Arab tribesman walked up jauntily and commenced to play with the lights of the car. Green knew the tendency of the Arabs to thieve for thievery's sake, so he immediately remonstrated with the man. But this Arab was more stubborn than the usual run, and Green was close to losing his otherwise genial temper, when the Arab unconsciously smiled. In a flash Green stood at full salute, for a glint of gold in the Arab's teeth betrayed him as Lawrence. His high pitched voice was changed to one deep and gutteral, the cherubian complexion was deeply seamed, as with the winds of many summers. Even his jaunty step was missing, and a gait natural to a centarian goat herder substi­ tuted in its place. As an athlete Lawrence was of the first water. The main reason for his popularity with the Arabs was his ability to jump [21] onto the back of a standing camel from thirty .paces: a feat which only King Feisal, of all the Arab chiefs, was able to perform. Green firmly believes that Lawrence had mastered some means of living without water for long stretches of time. On spying trips across the desert, with the hot sand whipping the skin from their bodies in large sheets, and eyes puffed almost to closing, Lawrence remained serene and quiet, his only thought lying in success of their venture with the least possible loss of men. True, his, water-bag was always full, but only to replenish those of his comrades when theirs were empty. On such occasions as this Green has seen the haughty, cruel, and detached King Feisal bow in reverence to Col. Lawrence, on the issuance of some slight command. It is said that Lawrence knew sixteen Arabian• languages. These he learnt through a happy combination of circumstances which transpired shortly after his graduation from Oxford in 1910. In order to stury Crusading architecture he made a tour through Syria on foot. The colloquial Arabic that he picked up made a fine basis by which he was able to master the other dialects, and thus prepared him for his future role. His most astounding discovery on this archaeological research trip was that Crusaders were not buried with their legs crossed-for which fie was duly banqueted by the students of Oxford. The campaign that Lawrence instituted against the Turks con­ sisted mainly in attacking their garrisons and blowing up the Turk­ ish railroad from Berlin to Bagdad, part of which passed through Arabia. . His method of destroying a section of road was as unique as it was effective. Instead of laying a charge close to the rail, as had been the custom before, he placed it under the steel sleepers, at a point slightly toone side of the centre. The explosion would lift and twist the rails, rather than blow a piece separate from the whole length. Thus the Turks would have to relay this section of. track, which took time and men. With the other method of pyro­ techny they found it possible to life the rail from the sleepers, shove it up to the second piece which had been cut off with a hack saw and quickly' place the track in its original position. Lawrence was a modest man, and it was on one of theseexpe­ ditions that he demonstrated his bravery most fully, yet never mentioned itin his "Seven Pillars of Wisdom." They had just completed a successful attack on a section of the road. Over fifty feet oftrack was poised in the air as if some gigan­ tic hand had deliberately buckled it. But a shock was to come to the [22] hartly adventurers..The Turks had attached a telegraphic recorder to the track, so that destruction to it would register in the arsenal ten miles distant. When the shock came through they jumped to a standing armoured train, and after running several miles in the direction of the British, opened fire. They were using long range shells, and in a few minutes were dropping them within 50 feet of their aggressors. Lawrence realized that his men would be killed if the train got any closer, for the desert afforded no protection. His mind worked quickly, and jumping to his motorcycle he raced up the line several miles. Quickly he placed a charge of gun cotton under the rails, fired it, and was off over the desert leaving nothing but a long trail of dust rising behind him. The men had also scam­ pered across the desert, in a zig-zag fashion as were their orders, and the day was saved. Returning to England, Lawrence let is be known he was a disil­ lusioned man. He had scorned French and English decorations, and went so far as to change his name to Shaw, in order that gushing females and others would not be able to bother him. He gained a place in the air force, as a private, but gossip said he was a spy, so H.Q. withdrew him. The tank corps was his next occupation, but gossip again forced him to leave. In desperation he withdrew from society altogether and lived ina small stone house on the moors of Southern England. His one pleasure was motorcycling. Writing to- a friend in 1920, he said that travelling at 90 miles an hour seemed to lift him from the ground so that he floated through space ethereally. It is strange that after escaping many dangers in Arabia he should die while indulging in a harmless sport. ,

FACULTY ADVISORS OF STUDENT MAGAZINES

1897-.1903-Prof. J. H. Riddell 1918-19-'Prof. O. T. Anderson 1903-07-No Record. 1919-20-Prof. R. F. Argue M9.7~13-DT.AndrewStewart 1920-21-Prof. A. L. Phelps. 1913-14-Dr. W. T. Allison "1921-24-Prof. L. W. Moffit 1914-15-Dr. S. G. Bland 1924-25-Prof. W. Kirkconnell 1915':'16-Dr. W. T. Allison 1925-29-Prof. A. C. Cooke 1916-17-Dr. D. C. Harvey 1929-33-':"bT. G. B. King 1917.-18-Prof. Skuli Johnson 1933-37-Dr. A. R. M. Lower

[ [23] :13] 24 Wesley College, erected 1894-95; Library erected 1934 ir··········...·... ···········~:·: ...~::;·::···~~;:·::~···:·::·:····· ...···········_·····0[1

:-•••••••••••••••••••• THE SENIOR STICK'S PAGE •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••e

N this thefortieth anniversary of the publication of Vox, allow Ome first of all to tender my heartiest congratulations. An annual privilege enjoyed by the Senior Stick of United Colleges is that of addressing the Student Body through the medium of a page in this worthy publication. In the past this 'message has been in the chal­ lenge to students"to discover and exalt·those ideals, which through their manifestations have always commanded respect and admira­ tion. May we as fellow students continue to cherish, uphold, and further the noblest traditions implied by the name "United Colleges." It is our duty to thoughtfully accept and promote those things which make for better men and women. You may reasonably. ask how this may be accomplished. To such a question I would answer with the word-"Co-operation." I use that word for the theme of this discussion, regarding it in three particular phases-co-operation between the student and the professor, between student and student, and between the student and himself. The sincere interest with which we are held by the faculty is evidenced by such informal gatherings as the History, English, and French Clubs and by the general air of good-fellowship existing be·· tween the professors and ourselves. Certainly our part in this rela­ tionship should be an enthusiastic response to their efforts. There­ fore we are shirking a responsibility, both to the faculty and to our­ selves when we fail to attach due importance to our academic pursuits. We may now consider the co-operation between student and student. During the college term we, as fellow-students, necessarily come into close contact with each other. Naturally we find among ourselves both corresponding and diverging opinions. It is human nature to wish others to conform to our own particular ideas. But, in the common bond of fellowship may we always have a spirit of tolerance and conciliation uppermost in our minds. Those of us who have attempted in a progressive manner to direct student affairs recognize the necessity and above all the value of co-operation. And now you may ask what I mean by co-operation with one's self. To answer this briefly, I would remind you of Socrates' philos- [25] ophy embodied in the two words-"Know thyself." Often, however, discord and animosity arise when we fail to see ourselves in the light in which others see us. I do not mean that We should act ~ith an eye towards public approval, but that our actions should be gov­ erned by a true understanding of our position among others. "Eeli» qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas." I offer to you co­ operation as a key to the attainment of this lofty aspiration. RODERICK'O. HUNTER.

, .

Vox acknowledges the following exchanges: Gateway-University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. Johnian-8t. John's College, Winnipeg, Man. Grey and Red-Canadian Academy, Kobe, Japan. Question Mark-Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba.

Interesting Facts 1. Grace Moore's Secretary was a student of the Dominion Business College, Winnipeg, just two years ago! 2. At the last Provincial Civil Service ex­ amination, November 28 and 30, 1936, a Dominion Business College graduate was awarded first place out of 166 candidates! 3. It pays to attend The DOMINION BUSINESS COLLEGE THE 'MALL ELMWOOD ST. JAMES ST. JOHN'S

[ [26] 213] ~ . : i : ! I f BOOK REVIEW BOOK R.EVIEW f I : ,: JANE AUSTEN ANE AUSTEN, the graceful lady on whose small desk were writ­ J. ten, between intervals of household occupations or social amuse­ ments, the pages of Pride and Prejudice, and of the other master­ pieces, was never subjected during her lifetime to the glare and noise of popularity. She would not-fastidious and refined gentlewoman as she was-have welcomed them. Besides, how could such books as hers have been really popular even in the first quarter of the nine­ teenth century, when, with characteristic and total indifference to the literary fashions of the day, she steadily ignored the romantic pose and the romantic habit of mind, choosing sincerity as the' con­ dition of her art? Just as she refused to be blinded or dazzled by any romantic glamour, she would not accept any sentimental illusion. And thus, though her books received when they first came out the moderate amount of praise and appreciation that sufficed to gratify her modest expectations, Jane Austen, before entering upon her immortality, had to wait for the years when romantic passion and Victorian senti­ ment had died away. From the time when the publication of the Memoir revealed something of her private life, Jane Austen and her works have passed beyond all fluctuations of taste and have entered that heaven of fixed stars peopled only by those whose works are entitled to the name of "classics." Yet this does not mean that her novels do not possess for each new generation a fresh appeal, and that, though much has been found out about her, the last word has been said. An instance of these variations might be found in the fact that at the end of the last century and until recent years Jane Austen was praised above all for her powers of observation. Her figurative description of the "little bit of ivory two inches wide" upon which she wrote, seems to indicate that she valued her work for that quality beyond every other. Her humor, her power of vivid presentation and delineation of character, her abundant vitality, her clear-sighted view of life-all these merits received by turns the praise that was due. But if we look ather novels with eyes rillide'fEapable of a new vision by the [27] latest conceptions of psychology, we come to think that, on a special and important point, Jane Austen's work has not yet been really understood. Her books have been admired more for their outward and im­ mediately visible beauties than for a deeper excellence, by virtue of which some of them, written over a hundred years ago as they were, possess the very qualities which 'the newer school of fiction esteems above all. These have not yet been seen for what they really are-a study of the "subconscious." At a time when subconscious psychol­ ogy was not even conceived of, her intuition of its existence and value seems today little short of the marvellous. It is in the develop­ ment of that faculty, far more perhaps than in a new softness and occasional tenderness of tone, that wemay note the growth of Jane Austen's powers as the years ripened her genius, and brought it the possibility of such a perfect piece of work as Emma. To see how she first dimly realized what the hidden forces of in­ tuition and'temperament could work, and how they could inevitably decide the actions of a given person, we have only to 'compare the brilliant masterpiece of her first youth, Pride and Prejudice, with the perfect works of her maturity. In Pride and Prejudice-and here we leave purposely aside the comedy of manners, the humorous characters, the exquisite picture of provincial life, and so many other things that delight us in its pages-the whole dramatic value of the plot turns upon the fact that the outward antagonism be­ tween Darcy and Elizabeth unpremediated and sincere as it seems, is in reality due to error, to pride and prejudice, and must at last disappear before a conviction that they are made for each other. Yet Pride and Prejudice, with all its character studies, is founded chiefly upon incident: it is the outward drama of life, the comings and goings, the external events, that are mainly dwelt upon. Jane Austen, a girl of twenty, has already guessed at the existence of a powerful undercurrent moving human beings, whether they will or no, to like and to dislike. ' It is in Emma that she makes full use of her knowledge. For this supreme work of art, incident, lively and varied as it is, charac­ ter, lifelike and finely differentiated as she draws it, are merely signs of something deeper. Our eye may dwell with ever-renewed pleas­ ure on the picture of the monotonous yet busy life of Hartfield and Highbury, but beyond this surface interest there is one of another kind. Emma, indeed, from beginning to end, resembles one of those old parchments in which secret writing is hidden under a skilful pattern seemingly made to attract and fully satisfy the eye of the [28] beholder. An incident in appearance not more fraught with meaning than any other, a word apparently said at random, a thought that rises unbidden in the mind, and is at once dismissed-all these will be found at the end of the book to have possessed a deep, unsuspected significance. Parallel with the secret of Frank Churchill's engagement, an­ other secret of greater moment is delicately unravelled through the pages of the novel, and comes to be fully disclosed only at the last. From the beginning, if we know how to read the book, we see that in the well balanced, clever and brilliant Emma Woodhouse there .are possibilities and tendencies she herself does not dream of, for all her cleverness and her habit of self-analysis: Besides the meditations and the plans of Emma for her own future, as well as for that of others, there runs unseen, almost un­ suspected, the undercurrent of her real self, the unconscious self that has loved Mr. Knightley ever since she was capable of affection. How, little by little, under the pressure of external circumstances, and though her meditations have done everything possible to lead . Emma and the reader astray, we come to see this real self is perhaps the greatest beauty in a novel so rich in merits. This unconscious self, to which Emma in her pride and vanity will never give leave to manifest itself, appears to disappear quickly when she hears for the first time that Mr. Knightley may be in love with Jane Fairfax. This first clue as to the' existence of a subconscious vein of feeling in the heroine is followed up to the point where Emma, stunned by suffer­ ing, rests for a moment from her mistaken self-probings and comes to realize, with the hidden forces of her individuality, what they have always tended to. All through the book incident possesses more than its mere dra­ matic value: its significance goes to the very roots of character. And though Jane Austen never insists upon the subconscious element that plays such a large part in Emma, yet we see that with this book she may be recognized for one of the pioneers of the modern conception of subconscious psychology, as applied to the art of the novel. Our realization of the value of that element increases OUi' admiration for the miraculous gifts of an artist whose intuition could lead her-though she was unaware of haying entered hitherto un­ charted country-to probe the very depths of character and reach the most potent factor of personality, -M.

}II ' Open all Night IVIOOre S-- including Sunday [29] ~ ~ ! IFI MAY ..~ PAR N ASS US Ii .-= !' IF I MAY PARNASSUS . . Books found in the Library BLANCHARD, F. T.--,-Fielding the Novelist. This book is more than a biography. It is a study of Fielding's fame as a novelist in his own time and after his death. It is a symposium of Fielding criticism traced from his own day through Scott and the Victorian era to Henley and Walpole. BoYD, ERNEST-Ireiand's Literary Renaissance. The literary revival of Ireland had its roots in the resurgent spiritof Nationalism of the Fenian movement which awoke national consciousness and interest in Irish folk lore, and Gaelic tradition. Mr. Boyd presents an extensive study of Celtic literature during the last thirty years. CANNON, EDWIN (Editor)-The Paper Pound of 1797-1821. This is a reprint of the Bullion Report of 1810. It is a study of War, eco­ nomic crisis and inflation. DOBREE, BONAMy-Restoration Tragedy, 1660-1720. The book has a threefold purpose, to see why Restoration tragedy took the "heroic" form, secondly to study the great writers of the period and lastly to trace the repercussions of this heroic form down to con­ temporary drama. DRAKE, DURANT-Invitation to Philosophy. The author has at­ tempted to explain the meanirig of Philosophy to the average reader without overwhelming him with technical detail and philosophical language. KOFFKA, K.-The Growth of the Mind. Translated by R. M. Ogden. This is the first book in English dealing with the Gestalt­ psychology comprehensively. It applies this psychology to the prob­ lems of instinct, habit formation, memory and the higher forms of learning. LIPPMANN, WALTER-Public Opinion. An attempt to explore and survey opinion under modern conditions. It also contains a study of censorship propaganda and publicity in a modern democracy. MANTOUX, PAUL-The Industrial Revolution in the Eighteenth Century. The book deals with that critical period in English history which saw the beginning of the factory system and urban population.

[30] ON BEING ASKED TO CONTRIBUTE TO "VOX" ON BEING ASKED TO CONTRIBUTE TO" VOX II By HAROLD B. STRINGER OFTEN wonder. how many of us who quietly and thoughtfully I read the daily newspapers in the evening try to visualize the people who write the "copy"-the "Special Correspondents with the Rebel Armies," "The Noted Sporting Critics" and the rest, especially those whose words come "by leased wire" or are "special to the Daily Scandal." In these days of social and intellectual enlighten­ ment a photograph of the writer is sometimes displayed with what­ ever special article or "scoop" (as the journalistic scandal with a greater than ordinary lack of taste is termed, but which usually turns out to be a misquotation). Thus if a photo of, well say. I. M. Hawkeye, is encountered while glancing hurriedly through a paper, one can turn over straight away without wasting any more time. Experience, you see? is a great teacher. . However, one can easily imagine "Aunt Bessie" of the Personal Problems (alias Agony) Column asa jovial, fat fellow (complete with.bald head) having an abominable taste in socks and ties and with an over-developed sense of humor. His only qualification for his job is his ability to "pad"stories-and conversation. I think it is heartily to be deplored, however, that we never see a photograph of the Editor-in-chief. We do not know what sort of a man he is; whether he be thin or stout, short or tall, black or yellow, blonde or brunette. In short, we know nothing about him, except what his pen reveals (which, I must say, is little). It would be very interesting, nay, educating and stimulating, to catch a mere glimpse of these mental acrobats of the journalistic world-the "leader" writers, who pervert difficult facts into a "com­ plete, absolute and lasting proof of the integrity and changelessness of our policy, a policy which will set the country aflame from coast to coast and which is heralding the dawn of a new awakening, one which will ultimately affect the whole world." Unfortunately no momentary view of these amazing gentlemen is granted us. We see the article writers and the lesser lights in all their glory, but the Editor is apparently impervious to it all. An Editor (by which one means the Editor of anything from the Free Press to less literary and more scandalous journals) is, I think, usually considered to be a "tall, silent hatchet-jawed man with a mouth that speaks determination." He is supposed to wear a grey lounge suit (complete with. the most hideous of modern [31] curses, the double-breasted waistcoat) a dark shirt and a bowler hat and is generally seen chewing at a large expensive cigar. When I first came to Wesley College, I used to wonder who the Editor of Vox could be. Was he one of the Fourth Year elite who wear loud ties, go to all the dances, and yearn towards modernism (without any appreciation of what modernism implies)? Or was he one of those tall, lanky fellows who wander about the halls in a con­ stant state of mental abstraction, dreamily and dazedly murmuring chemical formulae or French irregulars? I questioned myself as to the character of the person who could authoritatively edit such articles as "Treatise of Greek Pottery" and "Essay on the European Causes of the Boxer Revolution." Whoever he might be, the Editor must certainly have some intellectual qualities superior to those of the ordinary masses. So, imagine my feelings of surprise (and consternation) on being confronted by an ordinary looking individual who said he was the Editor of the magazine. Clearing his throat a little guiltily, he said, "Hey, fella," in the approved manner of tax-collectors who have not yet reached the stage of writing threatening letters, begin­ ning "Dear Sir, Unless .... " After several completely irrelevant remarks on such subjects as· the price of May wheat, the interven­ tion in Spain and the chances of the Maple Leafs, I gathered that he, the Editor, wanted me to contribute to his magazine. I was to join the vast army of article writers and enjoy (?) the privilege thereof. Thus bewildered, I protested; but, in vain: the Editor was ada­ mant. He even went so far as to set a deadline of Monday morning for my article. ("Oh, on anything you like or dislike") and whis­ pered a veiled dare which was calculated to be a sure-fire way of receiving the aforesaid article in time. So all Sunday evening I burnt the midnight oil working nervously to arrange some seven hundred words in some sort of logical order. Eventually on Monday morning I surrendered to him, a little reluctantly, the fruit of my efforts, with the words, "You asked for it."

111 ' Open all night IVIOOre S -- including Sunday

[32] "PASS THE BUCK" A COLLEGE GAME IN SIX EASY LESSONGS A 'COLLEGE GAME IN SIX .EASY LESSONS By EARLE BEATTIE

F you have done any reporting around the University, as I have, I you will need no introduction to that delightful old game, "Pass the Buck." You will understand instantly how it works and appre­ ciate its fine points. "Pass the Buck" is very much like "Drop the Handkerchief," only the buck-game is more widely played on the campus than drop the hanky. With six easy lessons you too can be a Daniel. Students who think they are training themselves for leadership in the world, lose no time in becoming adept at Pass the Buck. It is an invaluable aid to them, particularly if they are taking a public office, (No politician should be without one). They learn its ins and outs with surprising speed. So fast in fact that it is thought that early acquaintance with that other charming game "In and Out the Window" has something to do with it. For the uninitiated, however, the game is played as follows: Seeker: Pardon me,Smith, but could you tell me what Council decided last night in regard to the Big Blah function next month? Smith: I'm afraid you'll have to see Jones about that. I have no authority to give you the information. Jones is Member for the Public at Large. The seeker departs, full of innocent hope that when he gets Jones he gets the information. Scene Two finds him bearing down on Jones who can be seen on the second landing of the stairway. Seeker: . I say, Jones, whenare they going to hold that college party? Smith told me to ask you about it. Smith: ¥es,yes (sottovoce: oh, he did, eh?-the knave! Well, two can play at that game). This doesn't fall in my territory. If you see Elmer Plunk, he'll tell you. Yes, see Plunk. Plunk's the man. As a matter of fact Plunk is president. The drums roll, the clock ticks, and time gallops on as the Seeker seeks his man. Something of the spirit of the Mountie is in him now-but something else is in him too. What else is in him too? Why, the thrill of the game. He begins to see the drama unfolding before his eyes, and just below his nose; instinctively he plays his part. He struggles in the snarl of red tape in which he is being rapidly enmeshed. He gets hold of Elmer Plunk. Seeker: Ah, Elmer! Just a minute there. I'm trying to find out what happened at the meeting last night. [33] Elmer: Why do you come to me? 'r,his is a matter for the secretary. Smith is the man you want. Seeker: But Smith sent me to Jones and Jones sent me to you. Elmer: As president, I feel I cannot be taken up with these details. Go back and see Smith. He's the man. A strange gleam comes into the Seeker's eyes. He begins to see the vicious circle. "Pass the Buck," you perceive, is very much like "Ring Around the Rosie." The best people play "Pass the Buck" and it is rivalled today only by that new favorite "Monopoly." The avid buck-passer must go to Russia to see the game at its best. I am told that Moscow is a wonderful playground for "Pass the Buck," but Moscow always was a centre ofgreat art. But we are getting away from the campus, and this is awful. What has happened to our hero, the Seeker? We find him in the library. He is fast asleep, poor fellow. He fell asleep over a book of rules on how to play the game. And that's the rub, as Will once said, for the Seeker dreamed a dream. And this is the dream the Seeker dreamed: The United States had declared war on the Dominion of Canada,

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[34] the year after all the classes between '37 and '41 had been graduated. It seems that the United States declared war on the ground that the price Canada demanded for one of her hockey players was so large that no country could pay it and keep her selfrespect. The U. S. refused to be a vassal state to Canada. Expeditionary forces set out from North Dakota, invading Mani­ toba. This was the only point from which attack had been made, because the other forty-eight states had declared it was a federal matter, like relief. At first it was thought these North Dakotans were a tourist party, because the Manitoba Government had done a lot of advertising that year. Suspicion was aroused, however, when customs officers noticed there were no trailers on the cars. When U. S. bombers flew over Winnipeg and blew up the new sewage disposal plant, it was thought they had warlike intentions. Premier John Heath immediately phoned Ottawa explaining the situation, and asking for a new sewage disposal plant. Heath: Is that you, Premier Under-Ace? This is John Heath, your Liberal friend. Please send help to Manitoba. We have been invaded by North Dakota in regard to their declaration of war. Please send help to Manitoba. . Under-Ace: I'll get you the Minister of War, John. This is his business. (With that he got the Minister of War and told Central to reverse the charges). Heath: Is that the Minister of War? Yes? Well.we're at war with North Dakota here in Manitoba. What's that? You think its' a matter for the Minister of the Interior? Well, give me the Minister of the Interior then. Hurry, please. Minister of the Interior: Hello, hello-(there is a dull boom at the other end of the line, a sound of falling glass, a crash or two)­ Hello, yes, yes ... Heath: Hello! Is that the Inferior Minister-I'm sorry, the Interior Minister? Things are a little unsettled here. They have just blown the west wing off the Parliament buildings. Minister of the Interior: The part with the Department of Education in it? Heath: That's right. Minister of the Interior: 'Is that all?

, 11;(; , Open all night ;"J IVIOOre S -- including Sunday

[35] Heath: (Sarcasm creeps into his voice)-No! The buffalo walked out with the department of Education. The Golden Boy dropped his torch in the excitement. Well! What are you going to do about it?

Minister of the Interior: It is all very regrettable indeed, but I fail to see how this is any of my .business. Purely a provincial matter, my dear Heath. Yes, that's it-a matter for Manitoba alone. This has nothing to do with federal legislation. Of course, I could let you speak to the Minister of Propaganda. Perhaps he ... (there is another explosion at this point, ending the conversation. Members in the library were startled to hear a shriek come from the direc­ tion of the sleeping Seeker. He had dreamed that Winnipeg was finally annihilated and the North Dakotans had marched east to Toronto and captured the entire Maple Leaf team. Premier Pepscald was out in Quebec at the time, repudiating contracts). It is fervently hoped that the wind we reap from the seeds of passing the buck will not be quite so destructive. It is even hoped that a new game will shortly appear on our campus, a vitally new one called "Face the Issue." .

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[36] RAMBLINGS ON A RAINY SUMMER (CONTRIBUTED) LAST April I wrote an articleon Country Bungalows and How to Live in Them, On the first day of May I took it to my favorite editor. "Sit down," he said, "and let my secretary brush the snow off your overcoat." Then he read the article. • "This," said he, "is the most brilliant article I have ever read." Well, I knew that. "But," said he, "it's summer stuff. Bring it back in a month's time." On the first of June I struggled back, wading in rubber boots to his office. "Write me an article on water-polo or channel swimming," said the editor. "I shall have to hold this one back for a bit. Come and see me in July." On the first of July I was in bed with influenza, which, by Civic holiday, had turned to double pneumonia. On the first of September ,I put on three overcoats, and, board­ ing the canoe, moored outside my bedroom window, paddled to the streetcar stop. I swam breast-stroke from Maryland Bridge to Balmoral Street, and floated on my back into the editor's room.. "About that article," I began, sipping the hot lemonade he handed me. "'I'm afraid there's no hope for it now," he said, "unless you change it to Submarine Warfare, or Venice As I Saw 'It;" , "My idea," I ventured, "was to have it published as a sort of historical romance, recalling the dearvdead days when Winnipeg had a summer. A very wistful and tender little thing." "Very well," said he.

So here ~~ are. A country bungalow. I take it that everyone has wanted to live in acountry bungalow-a low, deep thatched nest, with broad gables, and diamond-paned windows, embowered in climbing ivy and approached by winding crazy-paths, where golden sunlight gilds the dappled lawns and the Wings of Peace brush softly as a Poet's, kiss. Key next door. Rent $80. I beg your pardon. ... ', My bungalow is like that. The agent quoted practically the whole of Shelley before he rented it to me. And I like it. So would you. Anyone can live in a country bungalow if his wants are few. [37] Somepeople.are unnecessarily unreasonable, Of course. Some people want to eat.for instance. In a town, you can buy corned beef and tinned beans at the grocer's. If you can live for a year on beef and beans, all is well. You are, catered for. If, on the contrary, corned beef revolts' you and the name of Heintz sends shudders through your frame, you are without hope. Go back to the city. ' There is a quaintly amusing legend-s-I cannot say how it origi­ nated-that fresh milk, golden butter, .and green vegetables may be obtained in the country. Ha, ha, hal A vastly amusing story. Still, if you can arrange to have these things sent down daily from the city, you need not .starve. ' Then again, some people want to sleep." This is hardly possible in the' country. I once knew a man 'who had an apartment over a railway station. At intervals of half an hour throughout the night trains thundered madly by, directly underneath his bed. The noise was maddening, and a water-jug on his dressing table gave a per­ petual rendition of Bill Robinson's stair dance. Yet my friend slept like a top. But when he took to a country bungalow he could not sleep a wink at night. The unearthly still­ ness of the rural night, he told me, gave him' insomnia.

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[38] He was a liar, of course. The rural night is filled withno silencer; At short intervals you will hear what appears to be the moaning df ~ . .' .. , \. , ;, disembodied spirits in eterrial agony. Do not write to Conan Doyle about this. It is only the owls. Then you will hear sounds like a rusty buzz-saw heard through a three-tube set. This, I am told, is the crickets. All our crickets have loud-speakers. And they never close down for the night. Finally you may be an-author and want to work. (I believe authors call what they do, work.) The following table sketches an average morning's work as performed by a bungalow-bound author: . A.M. 10:00 Sit down by study window with writing pad. 10:01 Dash out and chase neighbor's goat from rose-bush. 10:15 Spider commits hari-kari in inkwell. L· 10: 30 Time out to watch Cockroach Olympiad on ceiling. 10:45 Receive deputation re recovery of baseball from hot­ house. 10:59 Rector calls for subscription to Our Dumb Friends' League. 11:02 Dog fight on lawn. 11:15 Neighbor's eldest child falls down well. And so on. Still, otherwise, bungalow life is wholly delightful. Except this year, which, they tell me, is a wet year. Anyway, my cottage is for rent. There is some good fishing­ from the roof. Would suit authors.... Preferably a Naval Correspondent.

"The Wesley College Students' Boarding Club is one of the in­ stitutions of the college which very few people know anything about...This club was formed about a year ago as a joint stock com­ pany by some. of the older students. Its numbers soon increased, untila' large house. was rented, and the club started business on a ~ore extensive scale: This year finds the number of shareholders illereased to about 75, and everything working most successfully. By this means the boys are furnishing themselves with good board at the rate of about $2 per week, which means a great saving to the student.t'<-Reprint from "Vox Wesleyana," Vol. 1, No.!.

[39] r···············....··;·············....·.....M·~··;·;·~··········· ....········-;..·..··········..·...··11 ...... MUSIC ...... THE international fame of the City of Winnipeg, as a city of music, has, in the past few years, become something for the people of the city to be quite proud of. In fact, from some points of view, and by certain members of certain professions, it has been accorded the place of Canada's foremost musical city. Sir Hugh Roberton, on his return to Scotland, following his journey across Canada as an adju­ dicator at musical festivals in the Dominion, was quoted as saying in effect, that Winnipeg was one of the most musical cities which he had visited. Like remarks regarding other phases of the same work done in musical festivals were passed by other men of almost equal importance in their classes. So many are the fine words directed upon the talent, performances and interest in music that we, as a city, have begun to believe them and have grown to expect great things, not of ourselves, but from others who are allowed the privi­ lege of comment and criticism upon our musical status. Of course we have no symphony orchestra. We don't need a symphony orchestra because we would rather listen to the Minne­ apolis Symphony Orchestra in our Auditorium, or the New York Philharmonic over the radio. But why haven't we a symphony or­ chestra? After Sir Hugh's pretty little speech it would be folly to assume that we didn't have the talent to organize such a group. With a view to the talented musicians that this city has imported (as professionals)-as does every other city who is intent upon progress-it is rather difficult to profer the excuse of incapable leadership or lack of outstanding ability. The convenient excuse of many, that there was no suitable place to solve the housing problem for a symphony orchestra, has long been adequately overcome, and the civic auditorium awaits without -. Perhaps people do not wish a symphony orchestra in Winnipeg -maybe the society vogue of pretending appreciation of "home grown symphonies" has not yet reached Winnipeg-or perhaps our culture is so retarded to the extent that we cannot appreciate the "proper music" as yet. Then again mayhap the government has something to do with it. There are those people, of course, to whom it might not seem "right"to sacrifice a couple of hours' sport, sleep, or even bible-class to attend a symphony concert on a Sunday after­ noon-no, it would not seem right somehow. Besides, what about the Philharmonic Symphony from Carnegie Hall-we simply must hear that. [40] It eventually narrows itself sent to listen to it play. Bernard down to this-that Winnipeg Naylor almost had an orchestra would like to see itself have its going in Winnipeg, but two own Symphony Orchestra, pro­ things were in his way-his or­ vided that somebody else did chestra and his public, because most of the work of organizing he had no support either before and financing and all those things him or behind him. Eugene Or­ which make orchestras success­ mandy, however, can come here ful. Then-some of us might de­ with support in front of him­ cide to play in it, and others con- good support, and because people have payed two and three dollars to look at his back, they enjoy VISIT ... him and his orchestra, if only to justify the three dollars. The J3rathwaite S fact that Ormandy's orchestra is ->; FOUNTAIN, very good, helps a bit, but really , doesn't matter. Nor does the I' TEA ROOM fact that it is self-supporting. . PORTAGE AT VAUGHAN But because the Winnipeg Sym­ Two blocks east of the Collelle phony Orchestra is like every other orchestra except the Min­ neapolis one, i.e., non self-sup­ porting, the Winnipeg public BANK would rather support some American outfit which can sup­ AT port itself. Small wonder that THE ROYAL BANK OF a Winnipeg symphony orchestra CANADA is forced to break up amid an in­ different public, and Winnipeg POkTAGE and GOOD BRANCH WINNIPEG loses one of the best conductors in America. It has been suggested that fi­ nancial conditions have stifled For a Superior Haircut musical progress in every city, and have ultimately succeeded BOULEVARD in elimination of symphony or­ BARBER SHOP chestra in Winnipeg. Perhaps. 477 PORTAGE AVE. Despite this, however, Winnipeg (Just west of Colony St.) is able to cram its auditorium FmST CLASS BARBERS twice each month to listen to Phone 37496 someone that is nothing more than a name to them. Float [41] • after float in the "bunny-coat" ing up to hear something that has parade will stuff itself into the been reported as a good per­ building time and time again to formance. Kayla Mitzel-s-a Win­ reveal one of the most remark­ nipeg born girl, something that able performances of musical Winnipeg should be proud of­ ignorance and bad taste, that played to a miserable audience one can witness. Highly priced here, when she should have been reservations are the price of playing to a full house. She felt privileges of walking noisily and it, and her playing showed it. pompously down the long aisles Her only sin was that she had (always after the programmes have begun) in order to reveal TRINK! to the fullest possible advantage You aetually save a costly gown, or a new style or from $1) to $10 BUY" FROM extravaganza in wraps. On top FRANK McCOMB of this such privileged beings Suits Tailored to must needs talk in "oh's!" and Measure "ah's!" during the entire per­ $18 to $25 formance; as well as ruin the FRANK McCOMB Formerly Scanlan & McComb complete programme by ap­ 403 PORTAGE AVENUE plauding before the artist has completed his selection; to say little for the ceaseless pounding Compliments of encores which invariably bore the person to death. Scott-Bathgate Such is a part of the musical Company Ltd. public of Winnipeg-the' part which sponsors this, and official­ McCormick's Biscuits and ly supports that, and yet, the Confectionery only thing that they can be Nutty Club Salted Peanuts aroused to attend is a program by someone that they have heard about, and who someone else has said is worth hearing. Not like most people, who want to get Compliments of "something for nothing" if they can; these folk always get a lot mirqnrbsnu irns. of nothing for a great deal of something. Surely there is a

~42] been brought to Winnipeg by the nization, famed in the.Empire as Famous Artists Series instead of a whole, has abroad shown marks the· Celebrity Series. In other of decline. Its quality has not words, her concert was not quite yet suffered-indeed it has in­ so fashionable as say-Marti­ nelli's-yet she put on a definite- creased-but somehow it doesn't I IYI better showing than did the seem to prosper as it once did. Italian, despite his mode of ar­ Possibly economics again have rival. Not even her ability as a affected its popularity and its fi­ musician or her attachment to nancial status ~ but there are the city seemed to appeal to the other reasons. Winnipeg people "music lovers" of Winnipeg. are becoming Americanized and Since Sir Hugh's statement had are getting used to having things much to do with festivals them­ done for them. They are ready selves - musical festivals - and to buy with money what they things which were distinctly of once worked to obtain. They are Winnipeg itself-we might say quite willing to spend their time a word or two concerning them and money finding shortcuts to as well. It is, or has been, the culture and would rather listen first of its kind in the Dominion to and watch what other folk do of Canada. But even that orga- rather than assist others to do things for themselves. They crave hearing to the bestin mu­ Compliments sic and have no background up­ of . .. on which to placeitagainst, and no standards of evolution. The musical festival used to be the source of much culture-it still wijt is-e-of a slow and laborious type. But standards have become so Ihtllittgfnrb warped that musical knowledge seems to consist ofan ability to Jrtlili comment upon musical concerts and recitals either with intelli­ gence or without it. If it is done intelligently, the person is aver­ age-if otherwise, then the per­ • Phone son becomes a genius, since any­ thing away from the ordinary is to music. All this, despite the 27759 fact that the same person may not be able to read a note of [43] music, follow a tune or distin­ considered' a "musical city" if; guish melodies. a conjecture, It has no ear­ Consequently in a musical fes­ marks left if its musical festival tivalwhich demands a graduat­ is forced to abdicate. It has 'no ing scale of real, musical know­ orchestra and a reputation can­ ledge as an essential if one is to not/be built upon the frequency escape the reprimands of the ad­ of foreign visitors who delight us judicator, the above standards with their talents if and when we have small place, and the increas­ can afford it. Nor can reputa­ ing popularity of the "celebrity tion be built upon the names of complex" will necessarily con­ our own musicians who are in tribute to the unpopularity of other countries making a living festivals where both the per­ and becoming famous. Winnipeg formers and the audience are will have to learn to make its sure to be genius with reference own music and musicians as well genuinely sincere. as listen to others, before many How long Winnipeg will be years drift by.

For many years, we have maintained a Special Year Book Department Write for particulars of our 5-Star Year Book Service ORGANIZING - DESIGNING - FINANCING ADVERTISING - CIRCULATION Rapid Grip and Batten Limited 23850 - 290 VAUGHAN ST., WINNIPEG - 23859

[44] r-···..·..:···· ALUMNI ··:~::::~~~·~···_···········:·· ..·······II

~ ••••••••••••••••••••••••• ALUMNI ALUMNAEQUE ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••' ••I ••••••••••••••••I~ G. Duncan Wilkie, Theo. '33, and Evelyn Kibblewhite, in St. Matthew's Church, Winnipeg, on August 15. Mr. and Mrs. Wilkie are living in Winnipeg, where Mr. Wilkie is pastor of- Chalmers United Church. • **** Iva J. Stewart, '26, and Arthur Leins, on August 29, in The Little Church Around the Corner, New York City. Mrs. Leins was Lady Stick in 1926. ** * * Stanley H. Knowles, Theo. '33, and Vida C. Cruikshank; in Winnipeg, on November 9. Mr. and Mrs. Knowles are residing in West Kildonan, where Mr. Knowles is pastor of the Kildonan United Church. *** * Rev. Samuel Wilkinson, B.A. '99, D.D. '31, was recently ap­ pointed assistant pastor of Young United Church, Winnipeg, where Rev. W. E. Donnelly is the regular pastor. '" '" '" '" Mrs. Gerhard Hiebert (Helen Penner, '99) was a successful can­ didate for election to the Winnipeg School Board from Ward 1 in the municipal elections recently held. *** * Walter J. Lindal, K C., '11, was elected President of the Mani­ toba Liberal Association at the annual convention held in Portage la Prairie on October 16. ** * * Mrs. Walter J. Lindal (Jorun Hinrickson, '16), on November 5 was named by Hon. Norman Rogers, Minister of Labor, as a mem­ ber of the Women's Advisory Committee to the National Employ­ ment Commission. The other four members are: Mrs. L. G. Fergu­ son, Westville, N.S.; Miss Ruth Low, Kitchener, Ont.; Mme. Maurice Cormier, Montreal, Que., and Mrs. A. J. Currie, Govan, Sask. Mrs. Lindal is well known in connection with University and Women's organizations in Winnipeg. She graduated with her LL.B. degree in 1919, three years after leaving Wesley. For several years she practiced law with her husband, W. J. Lindal, KC., a Wes­ ley graduate of 1911. [45] Margaret Bletcher, '34, and B. J. Parker; in Winnipeg, on September 7. * * * * Salome Halldorson, '10, the first Lady Stick of Wesley College, was elected to the Manitoba Legislature at the elections held in July last. She is the member-elect for the constituency of St. George representing the Social Credit Party, and will' be the only woman in the next legislature. •

CONSTITUTION OF "VOX WESLEYANA" EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 1897 (Reprinted from "Vox Wesleyana," Vol. 1, No.1)

1. The magazine shall be known as "Vox Wesleyana." 2. There shall be eight monthly issues during the college term. 3. Object.- (a) To afford a means of communication between the students at college and alumni and friends. (b) To represent and promote the interests of the various so­ cieties of Wesley College. 4. Each issue of the paper shall be published as near the begin­ ning of the month as possible. 5. The paper shall have six departments, viz.: Editorial, Liter­ ary, Missionary and Religious, Athletic, Personals and Exchange, Locals. 6. The paper shall be under a board of management, consisting of thirteen members, together with the business manager, when not elected from the board, eight of whom shall form a quorum. 7. Composition of Board.-The board of management shall be composed of six members appointed by the Literary Society, two by the Y. M. C. A.,' two by the Y. W.C. A., and two by the Athletic So­ cieties; one professor to be appointed by the faculty, and the business manager, when .not elected from the representatives of the various societies. 8. All members of the board of management shall be elected by ballots. 9. Method of nomination.e-Nomination shall be made by the different executives of the respective societies. Twice the number required for election shall be nominated in every case. [46] 10. The representatives from the athletic societies shall be elected at a mass meeting of said societies, called by the president of the Literary Society on or before' the 15th day of April. 11. All other elections to the board of management shall be at the last regular business meeting of the societies concerned. 12 (a) The editorial staff shall consist of an editor-in-chief and six associate editors. (b) Each associate editor, under the supervision of the editor­ in-chief, shall have charge of one department. (c) All appointments to office shall be made by the board of management; they shall be by ballot without nomination, and the elections shall take place on or before the first day of May. 13. There shall be a business manager, who shall be appointed . by the board of management, and who shall be ex-officio a member of the board. The duty of this official shall be to take charge of the general business not immediately connected with the publication of the paper. 14. In case of a vacancy on the board of management, such vacancy shall be filled at the next regular meeting of the society concerned. 15. In case of a vacancy on the editorial staff, such vacancy shall be filled by the board ofmanagement. 16. The editor-in-chief shall determine all questions as to the editorial management of the paper, and shall preside over all meet­ ings of the editorial staff in the absence of the chairman of the board of management. 17. The board of management shall elect their own chairman, who shall also be chairman and convenor of the editorial staff. 18. This constitution can be altered only by a two-thirds vote of a mass meeting of the members of the different societies under the direction and management of the Literary Society.

[47] "VOX" EDITORIAL BOARD 1936-37 • Honorary President __"~.:.-~ -, A. R. M. LOWER, M.A., Ph.D. Editor-in-Chief. -rr __--~:.-__ CHARLES MACKENZIE, '37 Associate Editor__, . ..:,...... ~.,.,.....--_------.ROBERT J. LEIGHTON, Theo. Bulletin Board Editors --- WILLIAM A. MCKAY, THEO MARGARET MCCULLOCH Bulletin Board Editor8_. ._:.-L._:~ {~11M~WE~' ~~~IO~i\~o;37 Alumni Editor .~ •__A. D. LONGMAN, B.A. Business Manager. .-',-'-_..c..__- AUSTIN GAMBLE, '37 Circulation Manager_------.R. W. BUNDY, 'a7 Class Representatives '37 HELEN JOHNSTONE '39 JEAN LAVENDER '38 DOUGLAS IRWIN '40 JAMES DOW Matriculation-EARLE BEATTIE

VOL.X JANUARY, 1937 No.2 VOL. XL No.2

CONTENTS

PAGE Editors of Wesley College Student Magazines, 1897-1937______2 Wesley College-60 Years .. 7 Dr. J. H. Riddell-20 Years . ,._ _----- 11 "Vox Wesleyana"--40 Years ~ ------__". 15 The Passing of the University . - 17 Lawrence of Arabia ~__.. ._.. 21 Faculty Advisers of Student Magazines 23 The Senior Stick's Page ~ ,--.------.----..------25 Book Review--Jane Austen .. -'- 27 On Being Asked to Contribute to "Vox" 31 "Pass the Buck" , • 33 Ramblings On a Rainy Summer .:. 37 Music .. ---~--- --,---- 40 Constitution of "Vox Wesleyana" ..:.... 46

[48] ,

CONCRATULATIONS vox ON THE CELEBRATION OF YOUR Fortieth Anniversary

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~~ CONCRATU LATIONS On Your Noble Ach ievement--

40 YEARS OF -CONTINUOUS PU BLiCATION • ~au\?iJ1 ~eJ1t5ef 030. PHOTOGRAPHERS -.. ARTISTS PH(}NE 24 487 515 AVENUE BUILDING ...... "BUSINESS EDUCATION" University students may combine business education with . their academic studies by taking "Success" instruction during spare class periods.

We admit into our Day Classes only students of Grade XI (supplements accepted) and higher standing.

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